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338,700 | 16,641,745 | 1,618 | Provided are compositions and methods for expressing a transgene in plant cells and/or plant tissues using regulatory elements, including the promoters, 5′UTR, 3′ UTRs, and/or terminators isolated from Glycine max chlorophyll binding Ab genes. | 1. A nucleic acid expression cassette, comprising a promoter operably linked to a non-chlorophyll binding Ab transgene, wherein said promoter comprises SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 2. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, wherein said promoter consists of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 3. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to, said promoter sequence and said transgene. 4. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 3, wherein said promoter and 5′ untranslated region consist of SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:10. 5. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said transgene. 6. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 5, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is part of a terminator comprising SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:9, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:9. 7. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a sequence encoding a selectable marker. 8. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, wherein said transgene encodes a selectable marker, an interfering RNA, or a gene product conferring insecticidal resistance, herbicide tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency, or nutritional quality. 9. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 8, wherein said transgene confers tolerance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), triazines, bromoxynil, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), and acetolactate synthase (ALS). 10. A nucleic acid vector, comprising a promoter operably linked to (i) a polylinker sequence, (ii) a non-chlorophyll binding Ab transgene, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii), wherein said promoter comprises SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 11. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 12. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 13. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, wherein said vector comprises SEQ ID NO:11, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:11. 14. A cell comprising said nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1. 15. The cell of claim 14, wherein said cell is an Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacterial cell. 16. A plant or plant part comprising said cell of claim 14. 17. The plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is selected from the group consisting of Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, maize, wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, rye, turf grass, bananas, sugar cane, soybean, cotton, potato, sunflower, and canola. 18. The plant of claim 17, wherein said plant is Glycine max. 19. The cell of claim 14, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 20. The cell of claim 14, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 21. A method for expressing a transgene in a plant, comprising growing a plant comprising said gene expression cassette of claim 1. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said gene expression cassette further comprises a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein said gene expression cassette further comprises a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 24. A method for expressing a transgene in a plant, comprising transforming a plant with said gene expression cassette of claim 1. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the gene expression cassette further comprises a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the gene expression cassette further comprises a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. | Provided are compositions and methods for expressing a transgene in plant cells and/or plant tissues using regulatory elements, including the promoters, 5′UTR, 3′ UTRs, and/or terminators isolated from Glycine max chlorophyll binding Ab genes.1. A nucleic acid expression cassette, comprising a promoter operably linked to a non-chlorophyll binding Ab transgene, wherein said promoter comprises SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 2. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, wherein said promoter consists of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 3. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to, said promoter sequence and said transgene. 4. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 3, wherein said promoter and 5′ untranslated region consist of SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:10. 5. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said transgene. 6. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 5, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is part of a terminator comprising SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:9, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:9. 7. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a sequence encoding a selectable marker. 8. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1, wherein said transgene encodes a selectable marker, an interfering RNA, or a gene product conferring insecticidal resistance, herbicide tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency, or nutritional quality. 9. The nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 8, wherein said transgene confers tolerance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), triazines, bromoxynil, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), and acetolactate synthase (ALS). 10. A nucleic acid vector, comprising a promoter operably linked to (i) a polylinker sequence, (ii) a non-chlorophyll binding Ab transgene, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii), wherein said promoter comprises SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:6. 11. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 12. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 13. The nucleic acid vector of claim 10, wherein said vector comprises SEQ ID NO:11, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:11. 14. A cell comprising said nucleic acid expression cassette of claim 1. 15. The cell of claim 14, wherein said cell is an Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacterial cell. 16. A plant or plant part comprising said cell of claim 14. 17. The plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is selected from the group consisting of Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, maize, wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, rye, turf grass, bananas, sugar cane, soybean, cotton, potato, sunflower, and canola. 18. The plant of claim 17, wherein said plant is Glycine max. 19. The cell of claim 14, further comprising a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 20. The cell of claim 14, further comprising a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 21. A method for expressing a transgene in a plant, comprising growing a plant comprising said gene expression cassette of claim 1. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said gene expression cassette further comprises a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein said gene expression cassette further comprises a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. 24. A method for expressing a transgene in a plant, comprising transforming a plant with said gene expression cassette of claim 1. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the gene expression cassette further comprises a 5′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:7, wherein said 5′ untranslated region is inserted between, and operably linked to said promoter sequence and said linker or said transgene. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the gene expression cassette further comprises a 3′ untranslated region comprising SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a sequence that has 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:8, wherein said 3′ untranslated region is operably linked to said linker or said transgene. | 1,600 |
338,701 | 16,641,764 | 1,618 | Provided is an electric power steering device including a phase compensation unit having a desirable phase compensation characteristic for each vehicle speed region, which suppresses deterioration in stability of a steering system in a case where the phase compensation characteristic is changed to a different phase compensation characteristic, in which the phase compensation unit includes: a plurality of phase compensation calculation units configured to execute phase compensation calculation based on each phase compensation characteristic; a phase compensation characteristic determination unit configured to determine a phase compensation characteristic based on a vehicle speed signal output from a vehicle speed sensor; and a selection unit configured to select a phase-compensated torque signal output by the phase compensation unit from phase compensation calculation results output by the plurality of phase compensation calculation units in consideration of an amount of change in phase compensation calculation result at a time of switching the phase compensation characteristic. | 1. An electric power steering device, comprising:
a torque sensor to detect a steering torque added to a steering system of a vehicle by a driver, and output a torque signal; a vehicle speed sensor to detect a vehicle speed of the vehicle, and output a vehicle speed signal; a motor, which is coupled to the steering system, and to generate an assist torque for assisting the driver in steering and add the assist torque to the steering system; and a controller to control drive of the motor so that the motor generates the assist torque corresponding to the torque signal and the vehicle speed signal, wherein the controller includes a phase compensator to compensate for a phase of the torque signal in accordance with the vehicle speed signal, and to generate a motor current control signal in accordance with a phase-compensated torque signal after phase compensation, wherein the phase compensator includes: a memory to store a plurality of phase compensation characteristics corresponding to a plurality of vehicle speed regions; a plurality of phase compensation calculator to execute phase compensation calculation by the mutually different plurality of phase compensation characteristics for the torque signal, and to output phase compensation calculation results; a phase compensation characteristic determiner to determine a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to a vehicle speed region including the vehicle speed signal from among the plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and to output the phase compensation characteristic as a characteristic determination result; and a selector to select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result from among the phase compensation calculation results respectively calculated by the plurality of phase compensation calculator, and to output the phase compensation calculation result, and wherein the selector has at least one of: a configuration to: store a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as a current value and the selected characteristic are as the same as each other; calculate a difference between a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the difference falls within an allowable range set in advance; and select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the difference falls outside the allowable range; or a configuration to: store a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are as the same as each other; determine whether a rotation state of the steering system falls within a low frequency region when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region; and select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the rotation state of the steering system does not fall within the low frequency region. 2. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensator includes a slope calculator in each of the plurality of phase compensation calculator, wherein the slope calculator calculates a slope, which is a time derivative of the phase compensation calculation result output from the phase compensation calculator, and output the slope to the selector, and wherein the selector selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based further on the slope. 3. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the selector:
performs determination based on a sign of the slope of the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a sign of the slope of the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the difference falls within the allowable range set in advance; selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the signs are different from each other; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the signs are as the same as each other. 4. The electric power steering device according to claim 1, wherein the selector receives input of the torque signal, and selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based on the phase compensation calculation result, the characteristic determination result, and the torque signal so as to determine whether the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region. 5. The electric power steering device according to claim 4, wherein the selector, in a case where the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other:
selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when an absolute value of the torque signal has been equal to or smaller than a set value continuously for a set period; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the absolute value of the torque signal has not been equal to or smaller than the set value continuously for the set period. 6. The electric power steering device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a steering angle sensor to detect a steering angle of the steering system, and output a steering angle signal; a steering speed calculator to calculate a steering speed indicating a rotation speed based on the steering angle signal, wherein the selector receives input of the steering speed, and selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based on the phase compensation calculation result, the characteristic determination result, and the steering speed so as to determine whether the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region. 7. The electric power steering device according to claim 6, wherein the selector, in a case where the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other:
selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when an absolute value of the steering speed has been equal to or smaller than a set value continuously for a set period; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the absolute value of the steering speed has not been equal to or smaller than the set value continuously for the set period. 8. A method of controlling an electric power steering device comprising:
storing, a plurality of phase compensation characteristics corresponding to a plurality of vehicle speed regions in advance; executing phase compensation calculation by the mutually different plurality of phase compensation characteristics for the torque signal, and outputting phase compensation calculation results; determining a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to a vehicle speed region including the vehicle speed signal from among the plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and outputting the phase compensation characteristic as a characteristic determination result; and selecting a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result from among the respective phase compensation calculation results calculated in accordance with the different plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and outputting the phase compensation calculation result as the phase-compensated torque signal, wherein the selecting and outputting includes: storing a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; selecting and outputting the phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the characteristic determination result output as a current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are the same as each other; calculating a difference between a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the characteristic determination result output as the current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; selecting and outputting the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the difference falls within an allowable range set in advance; and selecting the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the difference falls outside the allowable range, or the selecting and outputting includes: storing a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; selecting and outputting the phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the characteristic determination result output as a current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are the same as each other; determining whether a rotation state of the steering system falls within a low frequency region when the characteristic determination result output as the current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; selecting, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the current characteristic determination result when the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region; and selecting, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the rotation state of the steering system does not fall within the low frequency region. | Provided is an electric power steering device including a phase compensation unit having a desirable phase compensation characteristic for each vehicle speed region, which suppresses deterioration in stability of a steering system in a case where the phase compensation characteristic is changed to a different phase compensation characteristic, in which the phase compensation unit includes: a plurality of phase compensation calculation units configured to execute phase compensation calculation based on each phase compensation characteristic; a phase compensation characteristic determination unit configured to determine a phase compensation characteristic based on a vehicle speed signal output from a vehicle speed sensor; and a selection unit configured to select a phase-compensated torque signal output by the phase compensation unit from phase compensation calculation results output by the plurality of phase compensation calculation units in consideration of an amount of change in phase compensation calculation result at a time of switching the phase compensation characteristic.1. An electric power steering device, comprising:
a torque sensor to detect a steering torque added to a steering system of a vehicle by a driver, and output a torque signal; a vehicle speed sensor to detect a vehicle speed of the vehicle, and output a vehicle speed signal; a motor, which is coupled to the steering system, and to generate an assist torque for assisting the driver in steering and add the assist torque to the steering system; and a controller to control drive of the motor so that the motor generates the assist torque corresponding to the torque signal and the vehicle speed signal, wherein the controller includes a phase compensator to compensate for a phase of the torque signal in accordance with the vehicle speed signal, and to generate a motor current control signal in accordance with a phase-compensated torque signal after phase compensation, wherein the phase compensator includes: a memory to store a plurality of phase compensation characteristics corresponding to a plurality of vehicle speed regions; a plurality of phase compensation calculator to execute phase compensation calculation by the mutually different plurality of phase compensation characteristics for the torque signal, and to output phase compensation calculation results; a phase compensation characteristic determiner to determine a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to a vehicle speed region including the vehicle speed signal from among the plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and to output the phase compensation characteristic as a characteristic determination result; and a selector to select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result from among the phase compensation calculation results respectively calculated by the plurality of phase compensation calculator, and to output the phase compensation calculation result, and wherein the selector has at least one of: a configuration to: store a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as a current value and the selected characteristic are as the same as each other; calculate a difference between a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the difference falls within an allowable range set in advance; and select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the difference falls outside the allowable range; or a configuration to: store a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are as the same as each other; determine whether a rotation state of the steering system falls within a low frequency region when the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result when the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region; and select, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the rotation state of the steering system does not fall within the low frequency region. 2. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensator includes a slope calculator in each of the plurality of phase compensation calculator, wherein the slope calculator calculates a slope, which is a time derivative of the phase compensation calculation result output from the phase compensation calculator, and output the slope to the selector, and wherein the selector selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based further on the slope. 3. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the selector:
performs determination based on a sign of the slope of the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a sign of the slope of the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the difference falls within the allowable range set in advance; selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the signs are different from each other; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the signs are as the same as each other. 4. The electric power steering device according to claim 1, wherein the selector receives input of the torque signal, and selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based on the phase compensation calculation result, the characteristic determination result, and the torque signal so as to determine whether the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region. 5. The electric power steering device according to claim 4, wherein the selector, in a case where the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other:
selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when an absolute value of the torque signal has been equal to or smaller than a set value continuously for a set period; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the absolute value of the torque signal has not been equal to or smaller than the set value continuously for the set period. 6. The electric power steering device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a steering angle sensor to detect a steering angle of the steering system, and output a steering angle signal; a steering speed calculator to calculate a steering speed indicating a rotation speed based on the steering angle signal, wherein the selector receives input of the steering speed, and selects the phase-compensated torque signal output from the phase compensator based on the phase compensation calculation result, the characteristic determination result, and the steering speed so as to determine whether the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region. 7. The electric power steering device according to claim 6, wherein the selector, in a case where the characteristic determination result output by the phase compensation characteristic determiner as the current value and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other:
selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when an absolute value of the steering speed has been equal to or smaller than a set value continuously for a set period; and selects the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the absolute value of the steering speed has not been equal to or smaller than the set value continuously for the set period. 8. A method of controlling an electric power steering device comprising:
storing, a plurality of phase compensation characteristics corresponding to a plurality of vehicle speed regions in advance; executing phase compensation calculation by the mutually different plurality of phase compensation characteristics for the torque signal, and outputting phase compensation calculation results; determining a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to a vehicle speed region including the vehicle speed signal from among the plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and outputting the phase compensation characteristic as a characteristic determination result; and selecting a phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result from among the respective phase compensation calculation results calculated in accordance with the different plurality of phase compensation characteristics, and outputting the phase compensation calculation result as the phase-compensated torque signal, wherein the selecting and outputting includes: storing a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; selecting and outputting the phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the characteristic determination result output as a current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are the same as each other; calculating a difference between a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result and a current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the characteristic determination result output as the current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; selecting and outputting the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the difference falls within an allowable range set in advance; and selecting the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic as the phase-compensated torque signal when the difference falls outside the allowable range, or the selecting and outputting includes: storing a selected characteristic indicating a phase compensation characteristic corresponding to the previously selected phase-compensated torque signal; selecting and outputting the phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the characteristic determination result as the phase-compensated torque signal when the characteristic determination result output as a current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are the same as each other; determining whether a rotation state of the steering system falls within a low frequency region when the characteristic determination result output as the current value in the outputting as the characteristic determination result and the selected characteristic are not the same as each other; selecting, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the current characteristic determination result when the rotation state of the steering system falls within the low frequency region; and selecting, as the phase-compensated torque signal, the current phase compensation calculation result corresponding to the selected characteristic when the rotation state of the steering system does not fall within the low frequency region. | 1,600 |
338,702 | 16,641,755 | 1,618 | A copolyester resin composition is described. The copolyester resin composition includes a linear copolyester polymer and a linear copolyester oligomer. A particularly suitable linear copolyester oligomer is an intermediate of the copolyester polymer. The composition exhibits improved melt flowability and is therefore particularly useful in the manufacture of products made via injection molding methods. A process for forming the composition is also described. | 1. A copolyester resin composition, said composition comprising:
(i) a linear copolyester polymer formed by reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and (ii) a linear copolyester oligomer formed by reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; wherein said linear copolyester polymer has an inherent viscosity (IV) in the range from 0.50 to 1.00 dL/g, measured in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.; and wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an IV less than 0.50 dL/g, measured in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said copolyester oligomer is present in said composition in an amount of from 2.5 to 30 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said copolyester oligomer is present in said composition in an amount of from 2.5 to 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer is an intermediate of said copolyester polymer. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of less than 0.40 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of less than 0.30 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 9. The composition of claim 4 further comprising at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of reinforcements, mold release additives, fillers, surface friction modifiers, light and heat stabilizers, extrusion aids, antistatic agents, colorants, dyes, pigments, fluorescent brighteners, antimicrobials, anticounterfeiting markers, hydrophobic and hydrophilic enhancers, viscosity modifiers, slip agents, tougheners, adhesion promoters toners and colorants. 10. (canceled) 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10 to less than 0.50 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10-0.40 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 13. The composition of claim 12 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10-0.30 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 14. An injection molded article formed from the composition of claim 4. 15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester polymer is present in the amount of from 99 to 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 16. The composition of claim 15 wherein said linear copolyester polymer is present in the amount of from 95 to 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the inherent viscosity of said linear copolyester polymer is from 0.60 to 0.75 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 18. A process for forming a copolyester resin composition, said process comprising:
(i) providing a copolyester polymer; (ii) providing a linear copolyester oligomer; and (iii) mixing said copolyester copolymer and said polyester oligomer to form said polyester resin composition. 19. The process of claim 18 wherein said providing step (i) comprises (a) reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol to form a reaction product stream comprising linear copolyester oligomer and (b) forming linear copolyester polymer from the linear copolyester oligomer. 20. The process of claim 19 wherein said providing step (ii) comprises sourcing said linear copolyester oligomer from one or more points along said reaction product stream. | A copolyester resin composition is described. The copolyester resin composition includes a linear copolyester polymer and a linear copolyester oligomer. A particularly suitable linear copolyester oligomer is an intermediate of the copolyester polymer. The composition exhibits improved melt flowability and is therefore particularly useful in the manufacture of products made via injection molding methods. A process for forming the composition is also described.1. A copolyester resin composition, said composition comprising:
(i) a linear copolyester polymer formed by reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and (ii) a linear copolyester oligomer formed by reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; wherein said linear copolyester polymer has an inherent viscosity (IV) in the range from 0.50 to 1.00 dL/g, measured in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.; and wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an IV less than 0.50 dL/g, measured in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said copolyester oligomer is present in said composition in an amount of from 2.5 to 30 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said copolyester oligomer is present in said composition in an amount of from 2.5 to 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer is an intermediate of said copolyester polymer. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of less than 0.40 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein said linear copolyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of less than 0.30 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 9. The composition of claim 4 further comprising at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of reinforcements, mold release additives, fillers, surface friction modifiers, light and heat stabilizers, extrusion aids, antistatic agents, colorants, dyes, pigments, fluorescent brighteners, antimicrobials, anticounterfeiting markers, hydrophobic and hydrophilic enhancers, viscosity modifiers, slip agents, tougheners, adhesion promoters toners and colorants. 10. (canceled) 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10 to less than 0.50 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10-0.40 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 13. The composition of claim 12 wherein said linear polyester oligomer has an inherent viscosity of from 0.10-0.30 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 14. An injection molded article formed from the composition of claim 4. 15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said linear copolyester polymer is present in the amount of from 99 to 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 16. The composition of claim 15 wherein said linear copolyester polymer is present in the amount of from 95 to 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. 17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the inherent viscosity of said linear copolyester polymer is from 0.60 to 0.75 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C. 18. A process for forming a copolyester resin composition, said process comprising:
(i) providing a copolyester polymer; (ii) providing a linear copolyester oligomer; and (iii) mixing said copolyester copolymer and said polyester oligomer to form said polyester resin composition. 19. The process of claim 18 wherein said providing step (i) comprises (a) reacting a diester composition comprising a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with a diol composition comprising a first diol component comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and a second diol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol to form a reaction product stream comprising linear copolyester oligomer and (b) forming linear copolyester polymer from the linear copolyester oligomer. 20. The process of claim 19 wherein said providing step (ii) comprises sourcing said linear copolyester oligomer from one or more points along said reaction product stream. | 1,600 |
338,703 | 16,641,765 | 1,677 | A fully integrated Òsample-in-signal-out Ó microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are provided relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for target analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. Simultaneous colorimetric detection and quantification of multiple antibodies in a single drop of whole blood is shown. The devices make use of BRET-based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized porous layer(s) of material. The device enables sample volume independent, eliminates addition of reagents to the sample, and has on-device blood plasma separation. User operation is a single drop of a sample and the acquisition of a photograph after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling or analytical equipment except for a camera. Using different antibodies as targets, simultaneous detection in whole blood was achieved. This device is believed to be ideally suited for user-friendly point-of-care-testing in low-resource environments based on BRET-sensors. | 1. A detection device for bioluminescent detection of analytical targets from a fluid sample using luminescent sensing proteins, comprising:
(a) a first lamination layer with an opening for receiving the fluid sample; (b) a separation membrane for separating part of the fluid sample received through the opening of the first lamination layer; (c) a first porous layer impregnated with a luciferin receiving the separated fluid sample,
wherein the luciferin dissolves into the fluid sample;
(d) a second porous layer patterned with detection areas separated by hydrophobic barriers,
wherein the detection areas are impregnated with one or more different luminescent sensing proteins for the detection of the analytical targets,
wherein the second porous layer receiving the luciferin dissolved fluid sample, as passed through the first porous layer, which then interacts with the one or more different luminescent sensing proteins to generate a bioluminescent signal; and
(e) a second lamination layer, which together with the first lamination layer encases and immobilizes the separation layer, the first porous layer and the second porous layer into a single vertically stacked assembly detection device. 2. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second porous layer are one single layer. 3. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 4. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 5. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the fluid sample is a biological fluid sample or a non-biological fluid sample. 6. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the separation membrane is a blood cell filtration membrane. 7. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single vertically stacked assembly detection device enables a pump-free transport mechanism of the fluid sample by means of capillary forces, gravity or a combination thereof. 8. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the analytical targets are biomarkers, antibodies, antigens, proteins, drugs or nucleic acids. 9. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises a reference scale or reference system for the bioluminescent emission signals. | A fully integrated Òsample-in-signal-out Ó microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are provided relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for target analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. Simultaneous colorimetric detection and quantification of multiple antibodies in a single drop of whole blood is shown. The devices make use of BRET-based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized porous layer(s) of material. The device enables sample volume independent, eliminates addition of reagents to the sample, and has on-device blood plasma separation. User operation is a single drop of a sample and the acquisition of a photograph after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling or analytical equipment except for a camera. Using different antibodies as targets, simultaneous detection in whole blood was achieved. This device is believed to be ideally suited for user-friendly point-of-care-testing in low-resource environments based on BRET-sensors.1. A detection device for bioluminescent detection of analytical targets from a fluid sample using luminescent sensing proteins, comprising:
(a) a first lamination layer with an opening for receiving the fluid sample; (b) a separation membrane for separating part of the fluid sample received through the opening of the first lamination layer; (c) a first porous layer impregnated with a luciferin receiving the separated fluid sample,
wherein the luciferin dissolves into the fluid sample;
(d) a second porous layer patterned with detection areas separated by hydrophobic barriers,
wherein the detection areas are impregnated with one or more different luminescent sensing proteins for the detection of the analytical targets,
wherein the second porous layer receiving the luciferin dissolved fluid sample, as passed through the first porous layer, which then interacts with the one or more different luminescent sensing proteins to generate a bioluminescent signal; and
(e) a second lamination layer, which together with the first lamination layer encases and immobilizes the separation layer, the first porous layer and the second porous layer into a single vertically stacked assembly detection device. 2. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second porous layer are one single layer. 3. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 4. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 5. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the fluid sample is a biological fluid sample or a non-biological fluid sample. 6. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the separation membrane is a blood cell filtration membrane. 7. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single vertically stacked assembly detection device enables a pump-free transport mechanism of the fluid sample by means of capillary forces, gravity or a combination thereof. 8. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the analytical targets are biomarkers, antibodies, antigens, proteins, drugs or nucleic acids. 9. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises a reference scale or reference system for the bioluminescent emission signals. | 1,600 |
338,704 | 16,641,761 | 1,677 | A fully integrated Òsample-in-signal-out Ó microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are provided relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for target analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. Simultaneous colorimetric detection and quantification of multiple antibodies in a single drop of whole blood is shown. The devices make use of BRET-based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized porous layer(s) of material. The device enables sample volume independent, eliminates addition of reagents to the sample, and has on-device blood plasma separation. User operation is a single drop of a sample and the acquisition of a photograph after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling or analytical equipment except for a camera. Using different antibodies as targets, simultaneous detection in whole blood was achieved. This device is believed to be ideally suited for user-friendly point-of-care-testing in low-resource environments based on BRET-sensors. | 1. A detection device for bioluminescent detection of analytical targets from a fluid sample using luminescent sensing proteins, comprising:
(a) a first lamination layer with an opening for receiving the fluid sample; (b) a separation membrane for separating part of the fluid sample received through the opening of the first lamination layer; (c) a first porous layer impregnated with a luciferin receiving the separated fluid sample,
wherein the luciferin dissolves into the fluid sample;
(d) a second porous layer patterned with detection areas separated by hydrophobic barriers,
wherein the detection areas are impregnated with one or more different luminescent sensing proteins for the detection of the analytical targets,
wherein the second porous layer receiving the luciferin dissolved fluid sample, as passed through the first porous layer, which then interacts with the one or more different luminescent sensing proteins to generate a bioluminescent signal; and
(e) a second lamination layer, which together with the first lamination layer encases and immobilizes the separation layer, the first porous layer and the second porous layer into a single vertically stacked assembly detection device. 2. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second porous layer are one single layer. 3. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 4. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 5. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the fluid sample is a biological fluid sample or a non-biological fluid sample. 6. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the separation membrane is a blood cell filtration membrane. 7. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single vertically stacked assembly detection device enables a pump-free transport mechanism of the fluid sample by means of capillary forces, gravity or a combination thereof. 8. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the analytical targets are biomarkers, antibodies, antigens, proteins, drugs or nucleic acids. 9. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises a reference scale or reference system for the bioluminescent emission signals. | A fully integrated Òsample-in-signal-out Ó microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are provided relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for target analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. Simultaneous colorimetric detection and quantification of multiple antibodies in a single drop of whole blood is shown. The devices make use of BRET-based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized porous layer(s) of material. The device enables sample volume independent, eliminates addition of reagents to the sample, and has on-device blood plasma separation. User operation is a single drop of a sample and the acquisition of a photograph after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling or analytical equipment except for a camera. Using different antibodies as targets, simultaneous detection in whole blood was achieved. This device is believed to be ideally suited for user-friendly point-of-care-testing in low-resource environments based on BRET-sensors.1. A detection device for bioluminescent detection of analytical targets from a fluid sample using luminescent sensing proteins, comprising:
(a) a first lamination layer with an opening for receiving the fluid sample; (b) a separation membrane for separating part of the fluid sample received through the opening of the first lamination layer; (c) a first porous layer impregnated with a luciferin receiving the separated fluid sample,
wherein the luciferin dissolves into the fluid sample;
(d) a second porous layer patterned with detection areas separated by hydrophobic barriers,
wherein the detection areas are impregnated with one or more different luminescent sensing proteins for the detection of the analytical targets,
wherein the second porous layer receiving the luciferin dissolved fluid sample, as passed through the first porous layer, which then interacts with the one or more different luminescent sensing proteins to generate a bioluminescent signal; and
(e) a second lamination layer, which together with the first lamination layer encases and immobilizes the separation layer, the first porous layer and the second porous layer into a single vertically stacked assembly detection device. 2. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second porous layer are one single layer. 3. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 4. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second porous layer is made out of paper, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, threads, bamboo, cloth, or any combination thereof. 5. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the fluid sample is a biological fluid sample or a non-biological fluid sample. 6. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the separation membrane is a blood cell filtration membrane. 7. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single vertically stacked assembly detection device enables a pump-free transport mechanism of the fluid sample by means of capillary forces, gravity or a combination thereof. 8. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the analytical targets are biomarkers, antibodies, antigens, proteins, drugs or nucleic acids. 9. The detection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises a reference scale or reference system for the bioluminescent emission signals. | 1,600 |
338,705 | 16,641,732 | 1,677 | Provided is a tire manufacturing feature in which even when an electronic component is embedded in a tire, damage due to impact load during traveling on the road surface is inhibited and the durability of the tire is prevented from deteriorating. A pneumatic tire provided with: a bead reinforcing layer provided in the tire-axial-direction outer side of the carcass of a bead part the bead reinforcing layer reinforcing the bead part from the outer side of the carcass; a clinch member provided on the tire-axial-direction outer side of the bead reinforcing layer; and an electronic device. The clinch member has a rigidity lower than that of the bead reinforcing layer, and the electronic component is embedded between the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A pneumatic tire which has:
a bead reinforcing layer which is provided outer side of the carcass of the bead portion in the tire axial direction and reinforces the bead portion from the outer side of the carcass; a clinch member provided outer side of the bead reinforcing layer in the tire axial direction; and an electronic component, wherein the clinch member has a lower rigidity than the bead reinforcing layer, and the electronic component is embedded between the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein:
the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member are each made of a rubber composition; and E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥5 MPa. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 9, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥20 MPa. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥40 MPa. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≤80 MPa. 13. The pneumatic tire according to claim 12, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≤75 MPa. 14. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein:
the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member are each made of a rubber composition; and tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula: 15. The pneumatic tire according to claim 14, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≤0.32. 16. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≥0.1. 17. The pneumatic tire according to claim 16, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≥0.17. 18. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the electronic component is located outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction in the cross-sectional view, and is embedded at a position of 20 to 80% from the bottom of bead core with respect to the distance from the position of the maximum tire width to the bottom of bead core in the equatorial direction. 19. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the electronic component is an RFID. | Provided is a tire manufacturing feature in which even when an electronic component is embedded in a tire, damage due to impact load during traveling on the road surface is inhibited and the durability of the tire is prevented from deteriorating. A pneumatic tire provided with: a bead reinforcing layer provided in the tire-axial-direction outer side of the carcass of a bead part the bead reinforcing layer reinforcing the bead part from the outer side of the carcass; a clinch member provided on the tire-axial-direction outer side of the bead reinforcing layer; and an electronic device. The clinch member has a rigidity lower than that of the bead reinforcing layer, and the electronic component is embedded between the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member.1-7. (canceled) 8. A pneumatic tire which has:
a bead reinforcing layer which is provided outer side of the carcass of the bead portion in the tire axial direction and reinforces the bead portion from the outer side of the carcass; a clinch member provided outer side of the bead reinforcing layer in the tire axial direction; and an electronic component, wherein the clinch member has a lower rigidity than the bead reinforcing layer, and the electronic component is embedded between the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein:
the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member are each made of a rubber composition; and E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥5 MPa. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 9, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥20 MPa. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≥40 MPa. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≤80 MPa. 13. The pneumatic tire according to claim 12, wherein E* (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and E* (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
E*(1)−E*(2)≤75 MPa. 14. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein:
the bead reinforcing layer and the clinch member are each made of a rubber composition; and tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula: 15. The pneumatic tire according to claim 14, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≤0.32. 16. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≥0.1. 17. The pneumatic tire according to claim 16, wherein tan δ (1) of the bead reinforcing layer and tan δ (2) of the clinch member, at 70° C., satisfy the following formula:
tan δ(1)+tan δ(2)≥0.17. 18. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the electronic component is located outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction in the cross-sectional view, and is embedded at a position of 20 to 80% from the bottom of bead core with respect to the distance from the position of the maximum tire width to the bottom of bead core in the equatorial direction. 19. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the electronic component is an RFID. | 1,600 |
338,706 | 16,641,726 | 1,677 | In a tilt parking mode, “a target parking position” can be accurately determined without changing a camera tilt angle and an HMI display range, and can be notified to a driver, so that the usability can be improved. A parking support device includes an external field recognition unit such as a camera and a sonar, which recognizes an external field, an information holding unit which holds information of a parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit, a parking region extraction unit which extracts a parking region from information of the parking frame line, a parking position determination unit which determines a target parking position from the parking region, and a path calculation unit which calculates a parking path from a current position of an own vehicle up to the target parking position. In a case where part of the parking frame line is not recognized by the camera, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on a front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle. | 1. A parking support device, comprising:
an external field recognition unit which recognizes an external field; an information holding unit which holds information of a parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit; a parking region extraction unit which extracts a parking region from information of the parking frame line; a parking position determination unit which determines a target parking position from the parking region; and a path calculation unit which calculates a parking path from a current position of an own vehicle up to the target parking position, wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is not recognized by the external field recognition unit, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on a front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle. 2. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the external field recognition unit recognizes the parking frame line using cameras which are attached at a leading end of the vehicle, a trailing end of the vehicle, or both side ends of the vehicle. 3. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the parking frame line includes at least any one of a parallel line, a parking frame surrounded by lines, double parallel lines, a U-like frame line, an independent frame, and a T-like frame line, and wherein a center, an inner side, or an outer side of the frame line is detected using the external field recognition unit. 4. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the parking region extraction unit includes an inclined parking determination unit which determines whether the parking frame line is inclined with respect to a position of the own vehicle on the basis of the information of the parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit. 5. The parking support device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an HMI unit which displays information on parking to a driver and receives information from the driver, wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of a display range of the HMI unit, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI unit, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on the front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle. 6. The parking support device according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of the display range of the HMI unit and it is determined that the target parking position is able to be defined on the basis of lines connecting the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI, the virtually expending line of the parking frame line on the front side of the own vehicle, and the point intersecting with the virtual line on the front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle, the HMI unit displays information on the HMI unit to indicate that parking is possible. 7. The parking support device according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of the display range of the HMI unit, and the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI unit and the parking frame line on the front side of the own vehicle are recognized, the HMI unit determines whether the parking frame line is inclined with respect to a position of the own vehicle by the inclined parking determination unit. 8. The parking support device according to claim 7,
wherein, in a case where it is determined that the parking frame line is inclined with respect to the position of the own vehicle, the HMI unit displays information on the HMI unit to indicate that the parking is possible. | In a tilt parking mode, “a target parking position” can be accurately determined without changing a camera tilt angle and an HMI display range, and can be notified to a driver, so that the usability can be improved. A parking support device includes an external field recognition unit such as a camera and a sonar, which recognizes an external field, an information holding unit which holds information of a parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit, a parking region extraction unit which extracts a parking region from information of the parking frame line, a parking position determination unit which determines a target parking position from the parking region, and a path calculation unit which calculates a parking path from a current position of an own vehicle up to the target parking position. In a case where part of the parking frame line is not recognized by the camera, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on a front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle.1. A parking support device, comprising:
an external field recognition unit which recognizes an external field; an information holding unit which holds information of a parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit; a parking region extraction unit which extracts a parking region from information of the parking frame line; a parking position determination unit which determines a target parking position from the parking region; and a path calculation unit which calculates a parking path from a current position of an own vehicle up to the target parking position, wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is not recognized by the external field recognition unit, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on a front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle. 2. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the external field recognition unit recognizes the parking frame line using cameras which are attached at a leading end of the vehicle, a trailing end of the vehicle, or both side ends of the vehicle. 3. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the parking frame line includes at least any one of a parallel line, a parking frame surrounded by lines, double parallel lines, a U-like frame line, an independent frame, and a T-like frame line, and wherein a center, an inner side, or an outer side of the frame line is detected using the external field recognition unit. 4. The parking support device according to claim 1,
wherein the parking region extraction unit includes an inclined parking determination unit which determines whether the parking frame line is inclined with respect to a position of the own vehicle on the basis of the information of the parking frame line recognized by the external field recognition unit. 5. The parking support device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an HMI unit which displays information on parking to a driver and receives information from the driver, wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of a display range of the HMI unit, the target parking position is defined on the basis of lines connecting an end point of the parking frame line on a rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI unit, a virtually extending line of the parking frame line on a front side of the own vehicle, and a point intersecting with the virtual line on the front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle. 6. The parking support device according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of the display range of the HMI unit and it is determined that the target parking position is able to be defined on the basis of lines connecting the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI, the virtually expending line of the parking frame line on the front side of the own vehicle, and the point intersecting with the virtual line on the front side of the vehicle from the end point of the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle, the HMI unit displays information on the HMI unit to indicate that parking is possible. 7. The parking support device according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where part of the parking frame line is out of the display range of the HMI unit, and the parking frame line on the rear side of the own vehicle displayed in the HMI unit and the parking frame line on the front side of the own vehicle are recognized, the HMI unit determines whether the parking frame line is inclined with respect to a position of the own vehicle by the inclined parking determination unit. 8. The parking support device according to claim 7,
wherein, in a case where it is determined that the parking frame line is inclined with respect to the position of the own vehicle, the HMI unit displays information on the HMI unit to indicate that the parking is possible. | 1,600 |
338,707 | 16,641,738 | 1,677 | The present invention discloses a residual pressure measurement system for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity and method thereof, the measurement system includes a low-coherence light source, a 3 dB coupler, a MEMS pressure sensor, an air pressure chamber, a thermostat, a pressure control system, a cavity length demodulator, an acquisition card and a computer. The measurement method comprises: performing cavity length measurement by using the reflecting light by the pressure control system at two temperatures, respectively, so as to calibrate the MEMS pressure sensor and establish a relationship between the absolute phase of a monochromatic frequency and the external pressure; performing linear fitting to the two measurement data to obtain all the external pressure when the cavity length of two measurement data are equal to each other, and substituting the theoretical equation for calculation to obtain the residual pressure under the flat condition of the diaphragm. | 1. A residual pressure measurement system for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity, including a low-coherence light source, a 3 dB coupler, a MEMS pressure sensor, an air pressure chamber, a thermostat, a pressure control system, a cavity length demodulator, an acquisition card and a computer; wherein
the MEMS pressure sensor is arranged in the air pressure chamber, and the air pressure chamber is sealed; the pressure in the air pressure chamber is controlled by the pressure control system to scan the external pressure; the pressure control system includes a pressure controller, a vacuum pump and an air compressor, the pressure control system and the air pressure chamber, and the devices in the pressure control system are communicated with each other via pipelines; the MEMS pressure sensor comprises an F-P cavity composed of a substrate and a diaphragm, and residual pressure is sealed in the F-P cavity; light output from the optical fiber is partially reflected for the first time on a reflective coating to form a reflected reference light; and the rest light is transmitted to a diaphragm inner surface for a second reflection to form a reflected sensing light; the reflected reference light and the reflected sensing light form an interference signal having an optical path difference (OPD); the gas sealed in the F-P cavity expands or contracts with the change of the temperature, which has an effect on the diaphragm deflection; and the reflected reference light and the reflected sensing light pass through the 3 dB coupler and enter the cavity length demodulator, and the results after demodulation is input to the computer for further data processing via the acquisition card. 2. A residual pressure measurement method for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: performing a pressure calibrating experiment at the temperature T1, including: scanning the external pressure of the diaphragm by the pressure control system, the scanning pressure is PE1, and performing demodulation to obtain the relationship between the cavity length and the external pressure at the temperature T1; Step 2: performing a pressure calibrating experiment at the temperature T2, including: scanning the external pressure of the diaphragm by the pressure control system, the scanning pressure is PE2, and performing demodulation to obtain the relationship between the cavity length and the external pressure at the temperature T2; Step 3: performing linear fitting to data obtained in the step 1 and step 2, the cavity length changes continuously within the pressure range of the scanning, and the value of each cavity length corresponds to a group of external pressure PE1 and PE2 at two temperature; Step 4: substituting each successive group of PE1 and PE2 into a equation | The present invention discloses a residual pressure measurement system for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity and method thereof, the measurement system includes a low-coherence light source, a 3 dB coupler, a MEMS pressure sensor, an air pressure chamber, a thermostat, a pressure control system, a cavity length demodulator, an acquisition card and a computer. The measurement method comprises: performing cavity length measurement by using the reflecting light by the pressure control system at two temperatures, respectively, so as to calibrate the MEMS pressure sensor and establish a relationship between the absolute phase of a monochromatic frequency and the external pressure; performing linear fitting to the two measurement data to obtain all the external pressure when the cavity length of two measurement data are equal to each other, and substituting the theoretical equation for calculation to obtain the residual pressure under the flat condition of the diaphragm.1. A residual pressure measurement system for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity, including a low-coherence light source, a 3 dB coupler, a MEMS pressure sensor, an air pressure chamber, a thermostat, a pressure control system, a cavity length demodulator, an acquisition card and a computer; wherein
the MEMS pressure sensor is arranged in the air pressure chamber, and the air pressure chamber is sealed; the pressure in the air pressure chamber is controlled by the pressure control system to scan the external pressure; the pressure control system includes a pressure controller, a vacuum pump and an air compressor, the pressure control system and the air pressure chamber, and the devices in the pressure control system are communicated with each other via pipelines; the MEMS pressure sensor comprises an F-P cavity composed of a substrate and a diaphragm, and residual pressure is sealed in the F-P cavity; light output from the optical fiber is partially reflected for the first time on a reflective coating to form a reflected reference light; and the rest light is transmitted to a diaphragm inner surface for a second reflection to form a reflected sensing light; the reflected reference light and the reflected sensing light form an interference signal having an optical path difference (OPD); the gas sealed in the F-P cavity expands or contracts with the change of the temperature, which has an effect on the diaphragm deflection; and the reflected reference light and the reflected sensing light pass through the 3 dB coupler and enter the cavity length demodulator, and the results after demodulation is input to the computer for further data processing via the acquisition card. 2. A residual pressure measurement method for a MEMS pressure sensor with an F-P cavity, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: performing a pressure calibrating experiment at the temperature T1, including: scanning the external pressure of the diaphragm by the pressure control system, the scanning pressure is PE1, and performing demodulation to obtain the relationship between the cavity length and the external pressure at the temperature T1; Step 2: performing a pressure calibrating experiment at the temperature T2, including: scanning the external pressure of the diaphragm by the pressure control system, the scanning pressure is PE2, and performing demodulation to obtain the relationship between the cavity length and the external pressure at the temperature T2; Step 3: performing linear fitting to data obtained in the step 1 and step 2, the cavity length changes continuously within the pressure range of the scanning, and the value of each cavity length corresponds to a group of external pressure PE1 and PE2 at two temperature; Step 4: substituting each successive group of PE1 and PE2 into a equation | 1,600 |
338,708 | 16,641,717 | 1,677 | A display device and a drive method, the display device including: an edge-lit backlight module; a liquid crystal display panel positioned on the light-emergent side of the edge-lit backlight module; and a polymer liquid crystal film positioned between the liquid crystal display panel and the edge-lit backlight module, and including a plurality of closely arranged independent dimming areas, each dimming area being configured for independent control of light transmittance. The present display device takes advantage of the characteristics of the polymer liquid crystal film, loading different driving voltages in different dimming areas and changing the transmittance of the polymer liquid crystal film. | 1. A display device, wherein the display device comprises:
an edge-lit backlight module; a liquid crystal display panel disposed on a light-emergent side of the edge-lit backlight module; and a polymer liquid crystal film disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the edge-lit backlight module, and comprising a plurality of closely arranged independent dimming areas, each dimming area being configured with independent control of light transmittance. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film comprises an electrode structure located in each dimming area and configured to control the light transmittance of a polymer liquid crystal layer in the dimming area. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the electrode structure comprises a first electrode disposed on one side of the polymer liquid crystal layer and a second electrode disposed on other side of the polymer liquid crystal layer, wherein first electrodes in respective dimming areas are mutually insulated. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein second electrodes in respective dimming areas form an integral structure. 5. The display device of claim 3, wherein second electrodes in respective dimming area are independent from each other. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the second electrodes in each dimming area are conducted through signal lines. 7. The display device of any one of claims 1 6 claim 1, wherein a material of the polymer liquid crystal layer in the polymer liquid crystal film is polymer dispersed liquid crystal or polymer network liquid crystal. 8. The display device of any one of claims 1 6 claim 1, wherein the dimming areas in the polymer liquid crystal film are in array arrangement. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystal display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixel areas in array arrangement, and one dimming area in the polymer liquid crystal film covers at least one sub-pixel area in the liquid crystal display panel. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystal display panel comprises a plurality of pixel areas in array arrangement, and one dimming area in the polymer liquid crystal film covers at least one pixel area in the liquid crystal display panel. 11. A drive method of the display device of any one of claims 1 10 claim 1, wherein the drive method comprises:
determining a gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area in an received image to be displayed according to the image to be displayed and a corresponding relationship between the sub-pixels in the liquid crystal display panel and the dimming areas in the polymer liquid crystal film; determining a driving parameter corresponding to each dimming area according to the gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area; and driving respectively each dimming area of the polymer liquid crystal film, according to the driving parameter. 12. The drive method of claim 11, wherein determining a driving parameter corresponding to each dimming area according to the gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area, particularly comprises:
for each dimming area, determining a quantity of gray values of respective corresponding sub-pixels in different preset gray level threshold ranges; and using a driving parameter corresponding to a preset gray level threshold range with a maximum quantity of gray values as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area. 13. The drive method of claim 12, wherein using the driving parameter corresponding to the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area, particularly comprises:
determining the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values; determining a driving voltage corresponding to the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values, according to a relationship between preset gray level threshold ranges and driving voltages; and using determined driving voltage as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area. 14. The drive method of claim 13, wherein driving respectively each dimming area of the polymer liquid crystal film, according to the driving parameter, particularly comprises:
applying a reference voltage to a second electrode of each dimming area; applying a dimming voltage to a first electrode of each dimming area, wherein a difference between the dimming voltage and the reference voltage is the driving voltage. | A display device and a drive method, the display device including: an edge-lit backlight module; a liquid crystal display panel positioned on the light-emergent side of the edge-lit backlight module; and a polymer liquid crystal film positioned between the liquid crystal display panel and the edge-lit backlight module, and including a plurality of closely arranged independent dimming areas, each dimming area being configured for independent control of light transmittance. The present display device takes advantage of the characteristics of the polymer liquid crystal film, loading different driving voltages in different dimming areas and changing the transmittance of the polymer liquid crystal film.1. A display device, wherein the display device comprises:
an edge-lit backlight module; a liquid crystal display panel disposed on a light-emergent side of the edge-lit backlight module; and a polymer liquid crystal film disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the edge-lit backlight module, and comprising a plurality of closely arranged independent dimming areas, each dimming area being configured with independent control of light transmittance. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film comprises an electrode structure located in each dimming area and configured to control the light transmittance of a polymer liquid crystal layer in the dimming area. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the electrode structure comprises a first electrode disposed on one side of the polymer liquid crystal layer and a second electrode disposed on other side of the polymer liquid crystal layer, wherein first electrodes in respective dimming areas are mutually insulated. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein second electrodes in respective dimming areas form an integral structure. 5. The display device of claim 3, wherein second electrodes in respective dimming area are independent from each other. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the second electrodes in each dimming area are conducted through signal lines. 7. The display device of any one of claims 1 6 claim 1, wherein a material of the polymer liquid crystal layer in the polymer liquid crystal film is polymer dispersed liquid crystal or polymer network liquid crystal. 8. The display device of any one of claims 1 6 claim 1, wherein the dimming areas in the polymer liquid crystal film are in array arrangement. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystal display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixel areas in array arrangement, and one dimming area in the polymer liquid crystal film covers at least one sub-pixel area in the liquid crystal display panel. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystal display panel comprises a plurality of pixel areas in array arrangement, and one dimming area in the polymer liquid crystal film covers at least one pixel area in the liquid crystal display panel. 11. A drive method of the display device of any one of claims 1 10 claim 1, wherein the drive method comprises:
determining a gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area in an received image to be displayed according to the image to be displayed and a corresponding relationship between the sub-pixels in the liquid crystal display panel and the dimming areas in the polymer liquid crystal film; determining a driving parameter corresponding to each dimming area according to the gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area; and driving respectively each dimming area of the polymer liquid crystal film, according to the driving parameter. 12. The drive method of claim 11, wherein determining a driving parameter corresponding to each dimming area according to the gray value of each sub-pixel corresponding to each dimming area, particularly comprises:
for each dimming area, determining a quantity of gray values of respective corresponding sub-pixels in different preset gray level threshold ranges; and using a driving parameter corresponding to a preset gray level threshold range with a maximum quantity of gray values as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area. 13. The drive method of claim 12, wherein using the driving parameter corresponding to the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area, particularly comprises:
determining the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values; determining a driving voltage corresponding to the preset gray level threshold range with the maximum quantity of gray values, according to a relationship between preset gray level threshold ranges and driving voltages; and using determined driving voltage as the driving parameter corresponding to the dimming area. 14. The drive method of claim 13, wherein driving respectively each dimming area of the polymer liquid crystal film, according to the driving parameter, particularly comprises:
applying a reference voltage to a second electrode of each dimming area; applying a dimming voltage to a first electrode of each dimming area, wherein a difference between the dimming voltage and the reference voltage is the driving voltage. | 1,600 |
338,709 | 16,641,710 | 1,677 | Augmented reality glasses, a method for determining a pose of augmented reality glasses and a transportation vehicle for using the augmented reality glasses or the method. The augmented reality glasses have an optical capture apparatus for capturing environment data relating to an environment of the augmented reality glasses and an interface to a pose determination apparatus for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses based on the environment data. The optical capture apparatus captures only light of a defined polarization. | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. Augmented reality glasses comprising:
an optical acquisition device for acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses; and an interface to a pose determination device for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only light of a defined polarization. 12. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device comprises a polarization filter. 13. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only horizontally, vertically or circularly polarized light. 14. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device comprises at least one camera for acquiring image data of the environment of the augmented reality glasses. 15. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the pose determination device detects and evaluates edges or significant points in the image data to determine the pose of the augmented reality glasses. 16. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, further comprising a light source for illuminating the environment. 17. A method for determining a pose of augmented reality glasses, the method comprising:
acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses with an optical acquisition device; and determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein only light of a particular polarization is acquired by the optical acquisition device during the acquisition of the environmental data. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires image data of the environment of the augmented reality glasses by at least one camera. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein edges and significant points in the image data are detected and evaluated for the determination of the pose of the augmented reality glasses. 20. A transportation vehicle having a number of windows, wherein the windows block light of a particular polarization. 21. The transportation vehicle of claim 20, wherein the windows comprise a polarization-filtering layer. 22. A system comprising the transportation vehicle of claim 20 and augmented reality glasses that include an optical acquisition device for acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses, and an interface to a pose determination device for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only light of a defined polarization. | Augmented reality glasses, a method for determining a pose of augmented reality glasses and a transportation vehicle for using the augmented reality glasses or the method. The augmented reality glasses have an optical capture apparatus for capturing environment data relating to an environment of the augmented reality glasses and an interface to a pose determination apparatus for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses based on the environment data. The optical capture apparatus captures only light of a defined polarization.1.-10. (canceled) 11. Augmented reality glasses comprising:
an optical acquisition device for acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses; and an interface to a pose determination device for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only light of a defined polarization. 12. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device comprises a polarization filter. 13. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only horizontally, vertically or circularly polarized light. 14. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the optical acquisition device comprises at least one camera for acquiring image data of the environment of the augmented reality glasses. 15. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, wherein the pose determination device detects and evaluates edges or significant points in the image data to determine the pose of the augmented reality glasses. 16. The augmented reality glasses of claim 11, further comprising a light source for illuminating the environment. 17. A method for determining a pose of augmented reality glasses, the method comprising:
acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses with an optical acquisition device; and determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein only light of a particular polarization is acquired by the optical acquisition device during the acquisition of the environmental data. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires image data of the environment of the augmented reality glasses by at least one camera. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein edges and significant points in the image data are detected and evaluated for the determination of the pose of the augmented reality glasses. 20. A transportation vehicle having a number of windows, wherein the windows block light of a particular polarization. 21. The transportation vehicle of claim 20, wherein the windows comprise a polarization-filtering layer. 22. A system comprising the transportation vehicle of claim 20 and augmented reality glasses that include an optical acquisition device for acquiring environmental data of an environment of the augmented reality glasses, and an interface to a pose determination device for determining a pose of the augmented reality glasses with the aid of the environmental data, wherein the optical acquisition device acquires only light of a defined polarization. | 1,600 |
338,710 | 16,641,770 | 1,677 | A vehicle position correction device is provided with a controller for correcting a position error of an autonomous host vehicle. The controller detects a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels. The controller calculates a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map, and changes a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle. The controller corrects the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount upon the calculation of the lateral correction amount. | 1. A vehicle position control method for correcting a position error of a drive-assisted vehicle comprising a controller that corrects error arising between a position of a host vehicle and a target route during drive-assisted travel, the vehicle position correction method comprising:
detecting a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels; calculating a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map; changing a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle; and correcting the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount. 2. The vehicle position control method according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral correction amount is handled in terms of both a longitudinal direction component and a latitudinal direction component as seen in a map coordinate system; when changing the lateral movement speed of the target route according to the bearing of the host vehicle, an amount of vehicle-coordinate-system-based lateral correction is rotationally transformed into the map coordinate system using the bearing, and at such time, only a lateral direction component, which is a component in a direction normal to a direction of progress in a vehicle coordinate system, is updated, and a lengthwise direction component, which is a component in the direction of progress, is left unchanged; and an inverse rotational transformation that reverts the map coordinate system to the vehicle coordinate system is subsequently performed. 3. The vehicle position control method according to claim 2, wherein
when changing the lateral movement speed of the target route according to the bearing of the host vehicle, the lateral correction amount in a given control step is stored in an X, Y coordinate system, which is a map coordinate system, then, in a following step, an X-direction component and a Y-direction component are retrieved, inversely rotationally transformed by an amount equal to the vehicle attitude angle at that step, and transformed into lengthwise and lateral components in the vehicle coordinate system, then the lengthwise and lateral components are compared with a target value for the lateral correction amount that has been newly obtained using lane boundary detection results, a final lateral correction amount in that step is calculated, and then another rotational transformation by an amount equal to the vehicle attitude angle is performed, and the lateral correction amount in the X, Y coordinate system is calculated. 4. The vehicle position control method according to claim 2, wherein
the lengthwise direction component is gradually reduced as time progresses. 5. The vehicle position control method according to claim 1, further comprising
acquiring bearing information for the host vehicle using a positional relationship between two GNSS antennas installed on the host vehicle; and acquiring yaw rate information based on sensor information from an onboard gyro sensor when the reception of the GNSS antennas is poor, and interpolating the bearing information by using the yaw rate information that was acquired. 6. A vehicle position control device for correcting a position error of a drive-assisted host vehicle comprising:
a controller that corrects error arising between a position of the host vehicle and a target route during drive-assisted travel, the controller includes a target route corrector that corrects a target route; and the target route corrector includes
a lane boundary detection unit that detects a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels,
a lateral correction amount calculation unit that calculates a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map, and changes a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle, and
a lateral/sideways movement unit that corrects the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount upon the calculation of the lateral correction amount. | A vehicle position correction device is provided with a controller for correcting a position error of an autonomous host vehicle. The controller detects a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels. The controller calculates a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map, and changes a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle. The controller corrects the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount upon the calculation of the lateral correction amount.1. A vehicle position control method for correcting a position error of a drive-assisted vehicle comprising a controller that corrects error arising between a position of a host vehicle and a target route during drive-assisted travel, the vehicle position correction method comprising:
detecting a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels; calculating a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map; changing a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle; and correcting the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount. 2. The vehicle position control method according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral correction amount is handled in terms of both a longitudinal direction component and a latitudinal direction component as seen in a map coordinate system; when changing the lateral movement speed of the target route according to the bearing of the host vehicle, an amount of vehicle-coordinate-system-based lateral correction is rotationally transformed into the map coordinate system using the bearing, and at such time, only a lateral direction component, which is a component in a direction normal to a direction of progress in a vehicle coordinate system, is updated, and a lengthwise direction component, which is a component in the direction of progress, is left unchanged; and an inverse rotational transformation that reverts the map coordinate system to the vehicle coordinate system is subsequently performed. 3. The vehicle position control method according to claim 2, wherein
when changing the lateral movement speed of the target route according to the bearing of the host vehicle, the lateral correction amount in a given control step is stored in an X, Y coordinate system, which is a map coordinate system, then, in a following step, an X-direction component and a Y-direction component are retrieved, inversely rotationally transformed by an amount equal to the vehicle attitude angle at that step, and transformed into lengthwise and lateral components in the vehicle coordinate system, then the lengthwise and lateral components are compared with a target value for the lateral correction amount that has been newly obtained using lane boundary detection results, a final lateral correction amount in that step is calculated, and then another rotational transformation by an amount equal to the vehicle attitude angle is performed, and the lateral correction amount in the X, Y coordinate system is calculated. 4. The vehicle position control method according to claim 2, wherein
the lengthwise direction component is gradually reduced as time progresses. 5. The vehicle position control method according to claim 1, further comprising
acquiring bearing information for the host vehicle using a positional relationship between two GNSS antennas installed on the host vehicle; and acquiring yaw rate information based on sensor information from an onboard gyro sensor when the reception of the GNSS antennas is poor, and interpolating the bearing information by using the yaw rate information that was acquired. 6. A vehicle position control device for correcting a position error of a drive-assisted host vehicle comprising:
a controller that corrects error arising between a position of the host vehicle and a target route during drive-assisted travel, the controller includes a target route corrector that corrects a target route; and the target route corrector includes
a lane boundary detection unit that detects a lane boundary of a lane in which the host vehicle travels,
a lateral correction amount calculation unit that calculates a target value for a lateral correction amount of the target route by comparing positional relationships between lane boundary detection results and the target route on a map, and changes a lateral movement speed of the target route to calculate the target value for the lateral correction amount according to a bearing of the host vehicle in which the bearing being a vehicle attitude angle, and
a lateral/sideways movement unit that corrects the target route by moving the target route sideways in a lateral direction by an amount equal to the lateral correction amount upon the calculation of the lateral correction amount. | 1,600 |
338,711 | 16,641,768 | 1,677 | An automatic cloth spreading machine, that keeps the number of pieces processed even in the event of failure in handling, includes a separating device for separating pieces of cloth one by one from a mass of cloth made of a plurality of pieces of cloth by cloth handling devices, an edge locating device for locating an edge of each of the pieces of cloth having been separated one by one, a spreading device for spreading the piece of cloth, the edge of which has been located, and a discharging device for discharging the piece of cloth having been spread to a subsequent step. The separating device includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the multiple units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth. | 1. An automatic cloth spreading machine comprising a separating means for separating pieces of cloth one by one from a mass of cloth consisting of a plurality of pieces of cloth by a cloth handling device, an edge locating means for locating an edge of each of the pieces of cloth having been separated one by one, a spreading means for spreading the piece of cloth, the edge of which has been located, and a discharging means for discharging the piece of cloth having been spread to a subsequent step, wherein
the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the multiple units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth. 2. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 1, wherein the separating means includes two units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the two units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of the single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth. 3. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 1, wherein the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth sequentially in a plurality of steps, and some of these units of cloth handling devices are cloth handling devices that perform the same process. 4. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 3, wherein the separating means includes supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices as the multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one sequentially in a plurality of steps, and multiple units each of these supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices simultaneously perform the same process. 5. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 2, wherein the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth sequentially in a plurality of steps, and some of these units of cloth handling devices are cloth handling devices that perform the same process. 6. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 5, wherein the separating means includes supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices as the multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one sequentially in a plurality of steps, and multiple units each of these supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices simultaneously perform the same process. | An automatic cloth spreading machine, that keeps the number of pieces processed even in the event of failure in handling, includes a separating device for separating pieces of cloth one by one from a mass of cloth made of a plurality of pieces of cloth by cloth handling devices, an edge locating device for locating an edge of each of the pieces of cloth having been separated one by one, a spreading device for spreading the piece of cloth, the edge of which has been located, and a discharging device for discharging the piece of cloth having been spread to a subsequent step. The separating device includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the multiple units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth.1. An automatic cloth spreading machine comprising a separating means for separating pieces of cloth one by one from a mass of cloth consisting of a plurality of pieces of cloth by a cloth handling device, an edge locating means for locating an edge of each of the pieces of cloth having been separated one by one, a spreading means for spreading the piece of cloth, the edge of which has been located, and a discharging means for discharging the piece of cloth having been spread to a subsequent step, wherein
the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the multiple units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth. 2. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 1, wherein the separating means includes two units of cloth handling devices that perform the same process, and the two units of cloth handling devices simultaneously perform at least one of the single- or multiple-step processes of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth. 3. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 1, wherein the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth sequentially in a plurality of steps, and some of these units of cloth handling devices are cloth handling devices that perform the same process. 4. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 3, wherein the separating means includes supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices as the multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one sequentially in a plurality of steps, and multiple units each of these supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices simultaneously perform the same process. 5. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 2, wherein the separating means includes multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one from the mass of cloth sequentially in a plurality of steps, and some of these units of cloth handling devices are cloth handling devices that perform the same process. 6. The automatic cloth spreading machine according to claim 5, wherein the separating means includes supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices as the multiple units of cloth handling devices that perform the process of separating pieces of cloth one by one sequentially in a plurality of steps, and multiple units each of these supply conveyors, lifting devices, temporary holding devices, corner end locating devices, and corner end receiving devices simultaneously perform the same process. | 1,600 |
338,712 | 16,641,780 | 1,761 | An anticorrosion treatment method for a copper-containing material comprises: carrying out a sealed and pressurized reaction on a copper-containing material and a stabilizer in presence of a polar solvent and any assistant, the stabilizer being a compound capable of providing formates, so that the formates are adsorbed on the surface of the copper-containing material. In the method, formates are modified on the surface of the copper-containing material, accordingly, the oxidation resistance capability and the stability of the copper-containing material can be significantly improved while the electrical conductivity of the copper-containing material is not reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material and especially, the salt and alkali corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material are significantly improved. | 1. A method for anti-corrosion treatment of metallic copper-containing materials, comprising subjecting the metallic copper-containing materials and a stabilizer to a sealing and pressurizing reaction in the presence of a polar solvent and an optional additive, wherein the stabilizer is a compound cable of providing a formate, so that the formate is adsorbed on the surfaces of the metallic copper-containing materials. 2. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, comprising mixing the metallic copper-containing materials with the polar solvent, adding the stabilizer and the additive, then conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction, and then performing liquid-solid separation, washing and drying. 3. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stabilizer is formic acid and/or a formate; and the mass ratio of the stabilizer to the metallic copper-containing materials is 10:1 to 1:10. 4. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 3, wherein the formate is at least one selected from lithium formate, sodium formate, cesium formate, magnesium formate, aluminium triformate, potassium formate, ammonium formate, calcium formate, zinc formate, iron formate, copper formate, strontium formate, barium formate, beryllium formate, nickel formate, cobalt formate, and manganese formate. 5. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the polar solvent is at least one selected from water, an amide solvent, an alcohol solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent. 6. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 5, wherein the amide solvent is at least one selected from formamide, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide, and dimethylpropionamide; the alcohol solvent is at least one selected from monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol; the ester solvent is at least one selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethyl nonanoate, triethyl phosphate, ethyl caproate, ethyl formate, ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, ethyl heptanoate, and ethyl cinnamate; and the ether solvent is at least one selected from methyl ether, diethyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran. 7. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the additive is an organic amine; and the organic amine is oleylamine, and/or an alkylamine with a molecular formula conforming to CnH2n+3N, wherein 1≤n≤18. 8. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the organic amine to the metallic copper-containing materials is 50:1-1:100 when addition of the organic amine is needed. 9. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the sealing and pressurizing reaction is conducted at a temperature of 20-300° C. for a time of 0.01-100 h. 10. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the metallic copper-containing materials are pure copper materials and/or copper alloys; and the metallic copper-containing materials are at least one selected from a copper foil, a copper foam, copper powder, a copper cable, a copper faucet, a copper nanowire, and a copper wire. 11. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper nanowires, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) adding the copper nanowire into a dispersant, then adding a polar organic solvent and/or water, and mixing to obtain a copper nanowire dispersion solution; 2) adding the stabilizer into the copper nanowire dispersion solution obtained in the Step 1), and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) placing the mixed solution into a pressurized and heated sealing system for a sealing reaction; and 4) cooling the mixed solution obtained in the Step 3), then performing liquid-solid separation, and washing. 12. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 11, wherein the diameter of the copper nanowire is 10-200 nm. 13. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 11, wherein in the Step 1), the dispersant is at least one selected from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene-8-octylphenyl ether and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the copper nanowire is 100:1-1:100. 14. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper wires, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) conducting surface cleaning; 2) conducting anti-corrosion treatment, which comprises putting the copper wire into a polar solvent containing the stabilizer, and conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction in a pressure container; and (3) washing the copper wire after the anti-corrosion treatment with water and/or ethanol, and drying. 15. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 14, wherein in the Step 1), the specific steps of the surface cleaning are:
(1) removing an organic matter from the copper wire; (2) cleaning the copper wire with running water; (3) subjecting the copper wire to acid pickling; (4) subjecting the copper wire to rinsing; and (5) drying the copper wire. 16. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 15, wherein in part (1) of the Step 1), the copper wire is a pure copper wire or a copper alloy wire;
in part (1) of the Step 1), ethanol is adopted to remove the organic matter from the copper wire; and the time for removing the organic matters from the copper wire is 15-100 min; in part (3) of the Step 3), the solvent used for the acid pickling is sulfuric acid, the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.05-0.15 mol/L, and the time for the acid pickling time is 5-100 min; and in part (4) of the Step 1), the rinsing is conducted with a solvent of ethanol and/or water for a time of 5-100 min. 17. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper alloys, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) subjecting the copper alloy to surface cleaning; 2) conducting anti-corrosive treatment of the copper alloy, which comprises putting the copper alloy into a polar solvent containing the stabilizer, and conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction in a pressure container; and 3) cleaning the copper alloy after the anti-corrosive treatment with a solvent, and drying. 18. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 17, wherein in the Step 1), the specific steps of subjecting the copper alloy to surface cleaning are:
(1) removing an organic matter from the copper alloy; (2) cleaning the copper alloy with running water; (3) removing an oxide film from the copper alloy; (4) subjecting the copper alloy to rinsing; and (5) drying the copper alloy. 19. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 18, wherein
in part (1) of the Step 1), the copper alloy is selected from one of copper-nickel alloy, copper-zinc alloy, and copper-tin alloy; in part (1) of the Step 1), ethanol is adopted to remove the organic matter from the copper alloy; and the time for removing the organic matter from the copper alloy is 15-100 min; in part (1) of the Step 3), acetone is adopted to remove the oxide film from the copper alloy, and the time for removing the oxide film from the copper alloy is 5-100 min; and in part (4) of the Step 1), the copper alloy is rinsed with a solvent of ethanol and/or water for a time of 5-100 min. 20. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 17, wherein in the step 3), the solvent is water and/or ethanol. | An anticorrosion treatment method for a copper-containing material comprises: carrying out a sealed and pressurized reaction on a copper-containing material and a stabilizer in presence of a polar solvent and any assistant, the stabilizer being a compound capable of providing formates, so that the formates are adsorbed on the surface of the copper-containing material. In the method, formates are modified on the surface of the copper-containing material, accordingly, the oxidation resistance capability and the stability of the copper-containing material can be significantly improved while the electrical conductivity of the copper-containing material is not reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material and especially, the salt and alkali corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material are significantly improved.1. A method for anti-corrosion treatment of metallic copper-containing materials, comprising subjecting the metallic copper-containing materials and a stabilizer to a sealing and pressurizing reaction in the presence of a polar solvent and an optional additive, wherein the stabilizer is a compound cable of providing a formate, so that the formate is adsorbed on the surfaces of the metallic copper-containing materials. 2. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, comprising mixing the metallic copper-containing materials with the polar solvent, adding the stabilizer and the additive, then conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction, and then performing liquid-solid separation, washing and drying. 3. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stabilizer is formic acid and/or a formate; and the mass ratio of the stabilizer to the metallic copper-containing materials is 10:1 to 1:10. 4. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 3, wherein the formate is at least one selected from lithium formate, sodium formate, cesium formate, magnesium formate, aluminium triformate, potassium formate, ammonium formate, calcium formate, zinc formate, iron formate, copper formate, strontium formate, barium formate, beryllium formate, nickel formate, cobalt formate, and manganese formate. 5. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the polar solvent is at least one selected from water, an amide solvent, an alcohol solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent. 6. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 5, wherein the amide solvent is at least one selected from formamide, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide, and dimethylpropionamide; the alcohol solvent is at least one selected from monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol; the ester solvent is at least one selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethyl nonanoate, triethyl phosphate, ethyl caproate, ethyl formate, ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, ethyl heptanoate, and ethyl cinnamate; and the ether solvent is at least one selected from methyl ether, diethyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran. 7. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the additive is an organic amine; and the organic amine is oleylamine, and/or an alkylamine with a molecular formula conforming to CnH2n+3N, wherein 1≤n≤18. 8. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the organic amine to the metallic copper-containing materials is 50:1-1:100 when addition of the organic amine is needed. 9. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the sealing and pressurizing reaction is conducted at a temperature of 20-300° C. for a time of 0.01-100 h. 10. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein the metallic copper-containing materials are pure copper materials and/or copper alloys; and the metallic copper-containing materials are at least one selected from a copper foil, a copper foam, copper powder, a copper cable, a copper faucet, a copper nanowire, and a copper wire. 11. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper nanowires, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) adding the copper nanowire into a dispersant, then adding a polar organic solvent and/or water, and mixing to obtain a copper nanowire dispersion solution; 2) adding the stabilizer into the copper nanowire dispersion solution obtained in the Step 1), and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) placing the mixed solution into a pressurized and heated sealing system for a sealing reaction; and 4) cooling the mixed solution obtained in the Step 3), then performing liquid-solid separation, and washing. 12. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 11, wherein the diameter of the copper nanowire is 10-200 nm. 13. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 11, wherein in the Step 1), the dispersant is at least one selected from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene-8-octylphenyl ether and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the copper nanowire is 100:1-1:100. 14. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper wires, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) conducting surface cleaning; 2) conducting anti-corrosion treatment, which comprises putting the copper wire into a polar solvent containing the stabilizer, and conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction in a pressure container; and (3) washing the copper wire after the anti-corrosion treatment with water and/or ethanol, and drying. 15. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 14, wherein in the Step 1), the specific steps of the surface cleaning are:
(1) removing an organic matter from the copper wire; (2) cleaning the copper wire with running water; (3) subjecting the copper wire to acid pickling; (4) subjecting the copper wire to rinsing; and (5) drying the copper wire. 16. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 15, wherein in part (1) of the Step 1), the copper wire is a pure copper wire or a copper alloy wire;
in part (1) of the Step 1), ethanol is adopted to remove the organic matter from the copper wire; and the time for removing the organic matters from the copper wire is 15-100 min; in part (3) of the Step 3), the solvent used for the acid pickling is sulfuric acid, the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.05-0.15 mol/L, and the time for the acid pickling time is 5-100 min; and in part (4) of the Step 1), the rinsing is conducted with a solvent of ethanol and/or water for a time of 5-100 min. 17. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 1, wherein when the metallic copper-containing materials are the copper alloys, the method for anti-corrosion treatment comprises the following steps:
1) subjecting the copper alloy to surface cleaning; 2) conducting anti-corrosive treatment of the copper alloy, which comprises putting the copper alloy into a polar solvent containing the stabilizer, and conducting the sealing and pressurizing reaction in a pressure container; and 3) cleaning the copper alloy after the anti-corrosive treatment with a solvent, and drying. 18. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 17, wherein in the Step 1), the specific steps of subjecting the copper alloy to surface cleaning are:
(1) removing an organic matter from the copper alloy; (2) cleaning the copper alloy with running water; (3) removing an oxide film from the copper alloy; (4) subjecting the copper alloy to rinsing; and (5) drying the copper alloy. 19. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 18, wherein
in part (1) of the Step 1), the copper alloy is selected from one of copper-nickel alloy, copper-zinc alloy, and copper-tin alloy; in part (1) of the Step 1), ethanol is adopted to remove the organic matter from the copper alloy; and the time for removing the organic matter from the copper alloy is 15-100 min; in part (1) of the Step 3), acetone is adopted to remove the oxide film from the copper alloy, and the time for removing the oxide film from the copper alloy is 5-100 min; and in part (4) of the Step 1), the copper alloy is rinsed with a solvent of ethanol and/or water for a time of 5-100 min. 20. The method for anti-corrosion treatment according to claim 17, wherein in the step 3), the solvent is water and/or ethanol. | 1,700 |
338,713 | 16,641,775 | 1,761 | Provided is an antiperspirant which serves to control secretion of sweat secreted from sweat glands and is capable of doing so by acting on sweat glands without closing sweat pores, the antiperspirant containing, as an active ingredient to control secretion of sweat secreted from sweat glands, at least one type of pentacyclic compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (I): | 1. An antiperspirant for suppressing the secretion of sweat, which comprises as an active ingredient for suppressing the secretion of sweat, a pentacyclic compound represented by the formula (I): 2. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R1 is a group represented by formula (II). 3. The antiperspirant according to claim 2, wherein R2 in formula (II) is hydroxy group, an alkanoyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or glucopyranosyloxy group which may have a substituent. 4. The antiperspirant according to claim 2, wherein R2 in formula (II) is hydroxyl group, an alkanoyloxy group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms having carboxyl group as a substituent, or a glucopyranosyloxy group having glucopyranolofuranosyl group as a substituent. 5. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R3 is hydrogen atom. 6. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R4 is a group represented by formula (III). 7. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R4 is a group represented by formula (IV). 8. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R5 in the group represented by formula (IV) is hydrogen atom. 9. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R6 is a group represented by formula (III). 10. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R6 is a group represented by formula (V). | Provided is an antiperspirant which serves to control secretion of sweat secreted from sweat glands and is capable of doing so by acting on sweat glands without closing sweat pores, the antiperspirant containing, as an active ingredient to control secretion of sweat secreted from sweat glands, at least one type of pentacyclic compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (I):1. An antiperspirant for suppressing the secretion of sweat, which comprises as an active ingredient for suppressing the secretion of sweat, a pentacyclic compound represented by the formula (I): 2. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R1 is a group represented by formula (II). 3. The antiperspirant according to claim 2, wherein R2 in formula (II) is hydroxy group, an alkanoyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or glucopyranosyloxy group which may have a substituent. 4. The antiperspirant according to claim 2, wherein R2 in formula (II) is hydroxyl group, an alkanoyloxy group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms having carboxyl group as a substituent, or a glucopyranosyloxy group having glucopyranolofuranosyl group as a substituent. 5. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R3 is hydrogen atom. 6. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R4 is a group represented by formula (III). 7. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R4 is a group represented by formula (IV). 8. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R5 in the group represented by formula (IV) is hydrogen atom. 9. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R6 is a group represented by formula (III). 10. The antiperspirant according to claim 1, wherein R6 is a group represented by formula (V). | 1,700 |
338,714 | 16,641,782 | 1,761 | There is provided an arrangement (100) which allows for mixing a first fluid with a second fluid at a predetermined volume mixing ratio in a capillary driven fluidic system. The arrangement (100) allows filling an initially empty mixing chamber (110) with the first fluid. The arrangement then allows emptying a predetermined fraction of the first fluid from the mixing chamber (110) such as to form an empty space in the mixing chamber (110). The arrangement then allows filling the empty space of the mixing chamber (110) with the second fluid, thereby allowing a predetermined volume of the first fluid to mix with a predetermined volume of the second fluid over time. | 1. An arrangement in a capillary driven fluidic system for mixing a first fluid with a second fluid at a predetermined volume mixing ratio, the arrangement comprising:
a mixing chamber including a main chamber and one or more inner chambers, said main chamber and each of the one or more inner chambers being separated by a respective structure each including at least one opening which allows for fluid communication between the main and the one or more inner chambers and which, during use, is arranged to generate a capillary pressure (CP2) in the at least one opening which is larger than a capillary pressure (CP3) in the main chamber, wherein the mixing chamber is arranged to receive a first fluid so as to fill the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers, via the respective at least one opening, with the first fluid, a capillary pump arranged to draw fluid from the main chamber after the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid, wherein the capillary pump is arranged to operate at a capillary pressure (CP1) which is between the capillary pressure (CP3) of the main chamber and the capillary pressure (CP2) in the at least one opening of each respective structure such that the main chamber but not the one or more inner chambers is emptied of the first fluid, and wherein the mixing chamber is arranged to receive a second fluid so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, such that the first fluid in the one or more inner chambers and the second fluid in the main chamber are enabled to mix through the at least one opening of the respective structure. 2. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each structure defines a plurality of openings. 3. The arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each structure comprises a plurality of pillars, and wherein the plurality of openings is formed between the plurality of pillars. 4. The arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of pillars of each structure are equidistantly arranged at a distance (W) from each other, wherein the capillary pressure (CP2) in the plurality of openings depends on said distance (W). 5. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber extends in a longitudinal direction (D) and the main chamber extends in said longitudinal direction (D) along a full length of the mixing chamber. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein the main chamber has a substantially uniform cross section along the longitudinal direction (D) such that the capillary pressure (CP3) formed therein will be substantially constant. 7. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber extends in a longitudinal direction (D), and the mixing chamber comprises two inner chambers each being separated from the main chamber by a respective structure including at least one opening, wherein the two inner chambers are disposed along opposite longitudinal sides of the mixing chamber. 8. The arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first reservoir for holding the first fluid and being arranged to provide the first fluid to the mixing chamber so as to fill the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers, via the respective at least one opening, with the first fluid, and a first channel having a first end in fluid communication with the first reservoir and a second end mouthing into the main chamber of the mixing chamber, wherein the first channel is arranged to draw fluid from the first reservoir by use of capillary forces, thereby providing the first fluid to the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers via the respective at least one openings. 9. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the capillary pump is in fluid communication with the first channel at the first end thereof, and wherein the capillary pump is arranged to draw fluid from the main chamber via the first channel after the main chamber, the respective at least one openings and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid. 10. The arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the arrangement further comprises a flow resistor arranged to introduce a time delay between a time of arrival of the first fluid to the main chamber and a time of arrival of the first fluid to the capillary pump from the first reservoir, such that the capillary pump starts drawing fluid from the main chamber after the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid. 11. The arrangement according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second reservoir for holding the second fluid and being arranged to provide the second fluid to the main chamber so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid; and a second channel being fluidically connected to the second reservoir, the second channel ending at a first unidirectional valve which is fluidically connected to the second end of the first channel such that, after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, the second channel is arranged to draw fluid from the second reservoir by use of capillary forces, to provide fluid to the main chamber so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid. 12. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the first channel comprises a first portion comprising the first end and a second portion comprising the second end, and wherein the first and second portions are fluidically connected to each other via a second unidirectional valve which is arranged to prevent fluid from passing from the second portion to the first portion when the second valve has been emptied of the first fluid by the capillary pump. 13. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the second channel further comprises a third valve arranged to open after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, such as to allow providing the second fluid to the main chamber after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid. 14. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the first channel mouths into the main chamber at a first end thereof, and wherein the main chamber further comprises a vent at a second, opposite, end of the main chamber said vent being arranged to allow gas exchange between the main chamber and the surroundings. 15. A diagnostic device comprising the arrangement according to claim 1. | There is provided an arrangement (100) which allows for mixing a first fluid with a second fluid at a predetermined volume mixing ratio in a capillary driven fluidic system. The arrangement (100) allows filling an initially empty mixing chamber (110) with the first fluid. The arrangement then allows emptying a predetermined fraction of the first fluid from the mixing chamber (110) such as to form an empty space in the mixing chamber (110). The arrangement then allows filling the empty space of the mixing chamber (110) with the second fluid, thereby allowing a predetermined volume of the first fluid to mix with a predetermined volume of the second fluid over time.1. An arrangement in a capillary driven fluidic system for mixing a first fluid with a second fluid at a predetermined volume mixing ratio, the arrangement comprising:
a mixing chamber including a main chamber and one or more inner chambers, said main chamber and each of the one or more inner chambers being separated by a respective structure each including at least one opening which allows for fluid communication between the main and the one or more inner chambers and which, during use, is arranged to generate a capillary pressure (CP2) in the at least one opening which is larger than a capillary pressure (CP3) in the main chamber, wherein the mixing chamber is arranged to receive a first fluid so as to fill the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers, via the respective at least one opening, with the first fluid, a capillary pump arranged to draw fluid from the main chamber after the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid, wherein the capillary pump is arranged to operate at a capillary pressure (CP1) which is between the capillary pressure (CP3) of the main chamber and the capillary pressure (CP2) in the at least one opening of each respective structure such that the main chamber but not the one or more inner chambers is emptied of the first fluid, and wherein the mixing chamber is arranged to receive a second fluid so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, such that the first fluid in the one or more inner chambers and the second fluid in the main chamber are enabled to mix through the at least one opening of the respective structure. 2. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each structure defines a plurality of openings. 3. The arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each structure comprises a plurality of pillars, and wherein the plurality of openings is formed between the plurality of pillars. 4. The arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of pillars of each structure are equidistantly arranged at a distance (W) from each other, wherein the capillary pressure (CP2) in the plurality of openings depends on said distance (W). 5. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber extends in a longitudinal direction (D) and the main chamber extends in said longitudinal direction (D) along a full length of the mixing chamber. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein the main chamber has a substantially uniform cross section along the longitudinal direction (D) such that the capillary pressure (CP3) formed therein will be substantially constant. 7. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber extends in a longitudinal direction (D), and the mixing chamber comprises two inner chambers each being separated from the main chamber by a respective structure including at least one opening, wherein the two inner chambers are disposed along opposite longitudinal sides of the mixing chamber. 8. The arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first reservoir for holding the first fluid and being arranged to provide the first fluid to the mixing chamber so as to fill the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers, via the respective at least one opening, with the first fluid, and a first channel having a first end in fluid communication with the first reservoir and a second end mouthing into the main chamber of the mixing chamber, wherein the first channel is arranged to draw fluid from the first reservoir by use of capillary forces, thereby providing the first fluid to the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers via the respective at least one openings. 9. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the capillary pump is in fluid communication with the first channel at the first end thereof, and wherein the capillary pump is arranged to draw fluid from the main chamber via the first channel after the main chamber, the respective at least one openings and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid. 10. The arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the arrangement further comprises a flow resistor arranged to introduce a time delay between a time of arrival of the first fluid to the main chamber and a time of arrival of the first fluid to the capillary pump from the first reservoir, such that the capillary pump starts drawing fluid from the main chamber after the main chamber and the one or more inner chambers of the mixing chamber have been filled with the first fluid. 11. The arrangement according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second reservoir for holding the second fluid and being arranged to provide the second fluid to the main chamber so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid; and a second channel being fluidically connected to the second reservoir, the second channel ending at a first unidirectional valve which is fluidically connected to the second end of the first channel such that, after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, the second channel is arranged to draw fluid from the second reservoir by use of capillary forces, to provide fluid to the main chamber so as to fill the main chamber with the second fluid. 12. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the first channel comprises a first portion comprising the first end and a second portion comprising the second end, and wherein the first and second portions are fluidically connected to each other via a second unidirectional valve which is arranged to prevent fluid from passing from the second portion to the first portion when the second valve has been emptied of the first fluid by the capillary pump. 13. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the second channel further comprises a third valve arranged to open after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid, such as to allow providing the second fluid to the main chamber after the main chamber has been emptied of the first fluid. 14. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the first channel mouths into the main chamber at a first end thereof, and wherein the main chamber further comprises a vent at a second, opposite, end of the main chamber said vent being arranged to allow gas exchange between the main chamber and the surroundings. 15. A diagnostic device comprising the arrangement according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
338,715 | 16,641,783 | 1,776 | A filter for use at an airflow opening of bellows of a shock absorber. The filter device includes a filter body through which a gas, in particular air, can flow in in the direction of an air inflow direction and out in the direction of an air outflow direction. The airflow opening is a joint air inlet and air outlet opening. A fastening means is disclosed that is fitted with a filter, in particular a fastening ring fitted therewith, for fastening bellows to a shock absorber. | 1.-13. (canceled) 14. A filter device for use at an airflow opening of bellows of a shock absorber, the filter comprising:
a filter body configured to fit to an airflow opening of a bellows and configured to permit a gas to enter in the direction of an air inflow direction and exit in the direction of an air outflow direction, and wherein the airflow opening is a joint air inlet and air outlet opening. 15. The filter device of claim 14, comprising an excess pressure relief mechanism. 16. The filter device of claim 15 wherein the pressure relief mechanism includes a non-return function. 17. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is produced from a flexible, preferably mat-like material exhibiting a restoring force and/or held in a movable filter body frame which is air-permeable in the air inflow and air outflow direction, which filter body frame can be exposed to a restoring force. 18. The filter device of claim 17 wherein the filter body or the filter body frame can be moved by the restoring force into an inoperative position in which the filter body closes the at least one joint air inlet and air outlet opening in the air inflow direction and also in the air outflow direction in a filtering manner up to a predefined air outflow pressure. 19. The filter device of claim 17 wherein the filter body or the filter body frame is moved against the restoring force from the inoperative position into a working position during an outflow of air at a pressure higher than the predefined air outflow pressure, in the air outflow direction. 20. The filter device of claim 19 wherein an opening degree of the working position of the filter body or the filter body frame is limited by a stop. 21. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is arranged in a stationary filter body frame element. 22. The filter device of claim 21 wherein a bypass surrounding the filter body is provided as an excess pressure relief mechanism which comprises a pressure relief closure in the form of a non-return valve which closes the bypass and automatically opens it for pressure relief from a predefined air outflow pressure. 23. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is configured as a particle filter and/or as a harmful substance filter. 24. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is configured to be self-cleaning. 25. The filter device of claim 24 wherein the self-cleaning of the filter body takes place through a deformation of the filter body and/or through tapping and/or blowing off when the filter body or the filter body frame moves from the inoperative position into the working position and back or strikes a stop delimiting an opening angle. 26. The filter device of claim 14 wherein a separate filter body is provided for each airflow opening and/or a joint filter body for one or multiple airflow openings. 27. A fastening ring, comprising the filter device of claim 14, the fastening ring configured to fasten bellows to a shock absorber. | A filter for use at an airflow opening of bellows of a shock absorber. The filter device includes a filter body through which a gas, in particular air, can flow in in the direction of an air inflow direction and out in the direction of an air outflow direction. The airflow opening is a joint air inlet and air outlet opening. A fastening means is disclosed that is fitted with a filter, in particular a fastening ring fitted therewith, for fastening bellows to a shock absorber.1.-13. (canceled) 14. A filter device for use at an airflow opening of bellows of a shock absorber, the filter comprising:
a filter body configured to fit to an airflow opening of a bellows and configured to permit a gas to enter in the direction of an air inflow direction and exit in the direction of an air outflow direction, and wherein the airflow opening is a joint air inlet and air outlet opening. 15. The filter device of claim 14, comprising an excess pressure relief mechanism. 16. The filter device of claim 15 wherein the pressure relief mechanism includes a non-return function. 17. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is produced from a flexible, preferably mat-like material exhibiting a restoring force and/or held in a movable filter body frame which is air-permeable in the air inflow and air outflow direction, which filter body frame can be exposed to a restoring force. 18. The filter device of claim 17 wherein the filter body or the filter body frame can be moved by the restoring force into an inoperative position in which the filter body closes the at least one joint air inlet and air outlet opening in the air inflow direction and also in the air outflow direction in a filtering manner up to a predefined air outflow pressure. 19. The filter device of claim 17 wherein the filter body or the filter body frame is moved against the restoring force from the inoperative position into a working position during an outflow of air at a pressure higher than the predefined air outflow pressure, in the air outflow direction. 20. The filter device of claim 19 wherein an opening degree of the working position of the filter body or the filter body frame is limited by a stop. 21. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is arranged in a stationary filter body frame element. 22. The filter device of claim 21 wherein a bypass surrounding the filter body is provided as an excess pressure relief mechanism which comprises a pressure relief closure in the form of a non-return valve which closes the bypass and automatically opens it for pressure relief from a predefined air outflow pressure. 23. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is configured as a particle filter and/or as a harmful substance filter. 24. The filter device of claim 14 wherein the filter body is configured to be self-cleaning. 25. The filter device of claim 24 wherein the self-cleaning of the filter body takes place through a deformation of the filter body and/or through tapping and/or blowing off when the filter body or the filter body frame moves from the inoperative position into the working position and back or strikes a stop delimiting an opening angle. 26. The filter device of claim 14 wherein a separate filter body is provided for each airflow opening and/or a joint filter body for one or multiple airflow openings. 27. A fastening ring, comprising the filter device of claim 14, the fastening ring configured to fasten bellows to a shock absorber. | 1,700 |
338,716 | 16,641,766 | 3,614 | The invention describes an airbag (10) for a vehicle occupant restraint system, wherein the airbag (10) in the inflated state includes a front side (24) forming an occupant impact surface and an opposite rear side (22). The front side (24) and the rear side (22) are formed by shell portions (14, 16) of the airbag (10) being connected to each other at their outer edges (34, 36). The front side (24) is longer along a centerline (M) extending in the longitudinal direction of the airbag (10) than the rear side (22) so that, in the inflated state, the airbag (10) takes a curved shape. The front side (24) has at least one shaping line (42) extending substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) at which shaping line two shell portions (34, 36) are connected to each other. The respective outer edges (34, 36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the rear side (22) are of the same overall length. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. An airbag (10) for a vehicle occupant restraint system, wherein the airbag impact surface and an opposite rear side (22), the front side (24) and the rear side (22) being formed by shell portions (14, 16) of the airbag (10) which are connected to each other at their outer edges (34, 36), wherein the front side (24) along a centerline (M) extending in the longitudinal direction of the airbag (10) is longer than the rear side (22) so that in the inflated state the airbag (10) takes a curved shape, wherein the front side (24) includes at least one shaping line (42) extending substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) at which shaping line two shell portions (14, 16) are connected to each other, wherein the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the rear side (22) are of the same overall length. 13. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the airbag (10) is configured free from gathering. 14. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the shell portions (14, 16) are formed by separately configured shell parts (18, 20). 15. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the two shell portions (14, 16) include an edge contour (38, 40) which safeguards the respective outer edges (36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34) of the rear side (22) to have the same overall length. 16. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the shell portions (14, 16) in the cut (12) includes an edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially convexly and transversely to the centerline. 17. The airbag (10) according to claim 5, wherein the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M) includes plural subareas (46-56) which are different in shape. 18. The airbag (10) according to claim 6, wherein the subareas (46-56) are formed to be straight, substantially convex and/or substantially concave. 19. The airbag (10) according to claim 5, wherein the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M) exhibits a continuous geometry and is especially arc-shaped. 20. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one shaping line (42) which extends substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) is formed at least partially by a seam (44). 21. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the two shell portions (14, 16) are joined by stitching in the area of the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M), especially wherein the seam (44) at least partially constitutes the shaping line (42). 22. The airbag (10) according to claim 20, wherein the seam (44) includes plural partial seam portions (58-62) being different in shape. | The invention describes an airbag (10) for a vehicle occupant restraint system, wherein the airbag (10) in the inflated state includes a front side (24) forming an occupant impact surface and an opposite rear side (22). The front side (24) and the rear side (22) are formed by shell portions (14, 16) of the airbag (10) being connected to each other at their outer edges (34, 36). The front side (24) is longer along a centerline (M) extending in the longitudinal direction of the airbag (10) than the rear side (22) so that, in the inflated state, the airbag (10) takes a curved shape. The front side (24) has at least one shaping line (42) extending substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) at which shaping line two shell portions (34, 36) are connected to each other. The respective outer edges (34, 36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the rear side (22) are of the same overall length.1-11. (canceled) 12. An airbag (10) for a vehicle occupant restraint system, wherein the airbag impact surface and an opposite rear side (22), the front side (24) and the rear side (22) being formed by shell portions (14, 16) of the airbag (10) which are connected to each other at their outer edges (34, 36), wherein the front side (24) along a centerline (M) extending in the longitudinal direction of the airbag (10) is longer than the rear side (22) so that in the inflated state the airbag (10) takes a curved shape, wherein the front side (24) includes at least one shaping line (42) extending substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) at which shaping line two shell portions (14, 16) are connected to each other, wherein the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34, 36) of the rear side (22) are of the same overall length. 13. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the airbag (10) is configured free from gathering. 14. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the shell portions (14, 16) are formed by separately configured shell parts (18, 20). 15. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the two shell portions (14, 16) include an edge contour (38, 40) which safeguards the respective outer edges (36) of the front side (24) and the respective outer edges (34) of the rear side (22) to have the same overall length. 16. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the shell portions (14, 16) in the cut (12) includes an edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially convexly and transversely to the centerline. 17. The airbag (10) according to claim 5, wherein the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M) includes plural subareas (46-56) which are different in shape. 18. The airbag (10) according to claim 6, wherein the subareas (46-56) are formed to be straight, substantially convex and/or substantially concave. 19. The airbag (10) according to claim 5, wherein the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M) exhibits a continuous geometry and is especially arc-shaped. 20. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one shaping line (42) which extends substantially curved and transversely to the centerline (M) is formed at least partially by a seam (44). 21. The airbag (10) according to claim 1, wherein the two shell portions (14, 16) are joined by stitching in the area of the edge contour (38, 40) extending substantially transversely to the centerline (M), especially wherein the seam (44) at least partially constitutes the shaping line (42). 22. The airbag (10) according to claim 20, wherein the seam (44) includes plural partial seam portions (58-62) being different in shape. | 3,600 |
338,717 | 16,641,763 | 3,614 | A method for configuring navigation chart is provided. The method may include: acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an unmanned aerial vehicle (S110); acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image (S120); and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively (S130). An automatic obstacle avoidance method, an automatic obstacle avoidance apparatus, a terminal and the unmanned aerial vehicle (800) are further provided. | 1. A method for configuring navigation chart, comprising:
acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an aerial vehicle; acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image; and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively. 2. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the local navigation chart comprises multiple sub-areas;
after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising: if a weight sum of all points in the sub-area is greater than a preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as an obstacle area, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid an obstacle. 3. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
if the weight sum of the all points in the sub-area is less than or equal to the preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as a passage area, as to allow the aerial vehicle to fly across. 4. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the depth image comprises distance information of the each point and the current flight position; and the weight of the each point is acquired according to a multiply of a preset weight and a distance factor, wherein, the distance factor is in direct proportion to the distance information. 5. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
damping a weight of each point in a preset area in the local navigation chart; and acquiring a weight sum of the all points within the each sub-area after damping. 6. (canceled) 7. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the preset area is determined according to a center of the local navigation chart, a horizontal field angle of a binocular system for acquiring the depth image in the aerial vehicle and a setting damping distance. 8. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image comprises:
implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire each point in a navigation coordinate system; and acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the each point in the navigation coordinate system, the current flight position and the posture information. 9. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 8, wherein, implementing the coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire the each point in the navigation coordinate system comprises:
converting the each point in the depth image to each point under a camera coordinate system according to an internal reference matrix of a camera; converting the each point under the camera coordinate system to each point of a machine coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the camera coordinate system to the machine coordinate system; and converting the each point under the machine coordinate system to the each point of the navigation coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the machine coordinate system to the navigation coordinate system. 10. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, after acquiring the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image detected at the current flight position of the aerial vehicle and before acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point, further comprising:
implementing sparse processing for the depth image; wherein, implementing the sparse processing for the depth image comprises: implementing the sparse processing for the depth image with a variable step size, wherein, the variable step size is used to control gradual increasing of pixels in the depth image from an edge to the center. 11. (canceled) 12. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the local navigation chart is a grille map, and each grille is one sub-area. 13. An obstacle avoidance method, comprising:
acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an aerial vehicle; acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image; and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively, wherein, the local navigation chart comprises multiple sub-areas; if a weight sum of all points in the sub-area is greater than a preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as an obstacle area, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid an obstacle of the obstacle area; acquiring surveying and mapping data set by a user and used to indicate the obstacle area and an operating boundary area, and three-dimensional position information used to indicate the obstacle area in the local navigation chart; and configuring the obstacle area and the operating boundary area in a preset global navigation chart, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid the obstacles of the obstacle area and the operating boundary area. 14. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, configuring the obstacle area and the operating boundary area in the preset global navigation chart comprises:
acquiring a first obstacle area and a first operating boundary area according to the acquired surveying and mapping data and the acquired three-dimensional position information; swelling the first obstacle area and the first operating boundary area, as to acquire a second obstacle area and a second operating boundary area; and configuring the second obstacle area and the second operating boundary area as an area indicating the aerial vehicle to avoid the obstacle. 15. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, a center and a size of the preset global navigation chart are acquired according to a position before takeoff of the aerial vehicle and the surveying and mapping data;
wherein, a horizontal boundary of the global navigation chart is determined by a maximum and a minimum of the position and the surveying and mapping data on a Y axis after swelling, and a vertical boundary of the global navigation chart is determined by a maximum and a minimum of the position and the surveying and mapping data on an X axis after swelling. 16. (canceled) 17. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
if the weight sum of the all points in the sub-area is less than or equal to the preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as a passage area, as to allow the aerial vehicle to fly across. 18. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, the depth image comprises distance information of the each point and the current flight position; and the weight of the each point is acquired according to a multiply of a preset weight and a distance factor, wherein, the distance factor is in direct proportion to the distance information. 19. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart, further comprising:
damping a weight of each point in a preset area in the local navigation chart; and acquiring a weight sum of all points within the each sub-area after damping. 20. (canceled) 21. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the preset area is determined according to the center of the local navigation chart, a horizontal field angle of a binocular system for acquiring the depth image in the aerial vehicle and a setting damping distance. 22. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image comprises:
implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire each point in a navigation coordinate system; and acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the each point in the navigation coordinate system, the current flight position and the posture information; wherein implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire the each point in the navigation coordinate system comprises: converting the each point in the depth image to each point under a camera coordinate system according to an internal reference matrix of a camera; converting the each point under the camera coordinate system to each point of a machine coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the camera coordinate system to the machine coordinate system; and converting the each point under the machine coordinate system to the each point of the navigation coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the machine coordinate system to the navigation coordinate system. 23. (canceled) 24. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after acquiring the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image detected at the current flight position of the aerial vehicle and before acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point, further comprising:
implementing sparse processing for the depth image; wherein, implementing the sparse processing for the depth image comprises: implementing the sparse processing for the depth image with a variable step size, wherein, the variable step size is used to control gradual increasing of pixels in the depth image from an edge to the center. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. An unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a communication component, a sensor, a controller and a storage medium; the sensor comprising an image sensor, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning sensor and an inertial sensor;
the communication component, configured to communicate with a ground control apparatus; the GPS receiver and the positioning sensor, configured to determine a current flight position of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the inertial sensor, configured to determine posture information of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the image sensor, configured to detect a depth image at the current flight position; the controller being connected with the storage medium, and the storage medium being configured to store a program; and the program being used to implement steps of the method as claimed in claim 1 when running. 34. (canceled) | A method for configuring navigation chart is provided. The method may include: acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an unmanned aerial vehicle (S110); acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image (S120); and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively (S130). An automatic obstacle avoidance method, an automatic obstacle avoidance apparatus, a terminal and the unmanned aerial vehicle (800) are further provided.1. A method for configuring navigation chart, comprising:
acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an aerial vehicle; acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image; and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively. 2. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the local navigation chart comprises multiple sub-areas;
after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising: if a weight sum of all points in the sub-area is greater than a preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as an obstacle area, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid an obstacle. 3. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
if the weight sum of the all points in the sub-area is less than or equal to the preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as a passage area, as to allow the aerial vehicle to fly across. 4. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the depth image comprises distance information of the each point and the current flight position; and the weight of the each point is acquired according to a multiply of a preset weight and a distance factor, wherein, the distance factor is in direct proportion to the distance information. 5. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
damping a weight of each point in a preset area in the local navigation chart; and acquiring a weight sum of the all points within the each sub-area after damping. 6. (canceled) 7. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the preset area is determined according to a center of the local navigation chart, a horizontal field angle of a binocular system for acquiring the depth image in the aerial vehicle and a setting damping distance. 8. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image comprises:
implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire each point in a navigation coordinate system; and acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the each point in the navigation coordinate system, the current flight position and the posture information. 9. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 8, wherein, implementing the coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire the each point in the navigation coordinate system comprises:
converting the each point in the depth image to each point under a camera coordinate system according to an internal reference matrix of a camera; converting the each point under the camera coordinate system to each point of a machine coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the camera coordinate system to the machine coordinate system; and converting the each point under the machine coordinate system to the each point of the navigation coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the machine coordinate system to the navigation coordinate system. 10. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, after acquiring the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image detected at the current flight position of the aerial vehicle and before acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point, further comprising:
implementing sparse processing for the depth image; wherein, implementing the sparse processing for the depth image comprises: implementing the sparse processing for the depth image with a variable step size, wherein, the variable step size is used to control gradual increasing of pixels in the depth image from an edge to the center. 11. (canceled) 12. The method for configuring navigation chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the local navigation chart is a grille map, and each grille is one sub-area. 13. An obstacle avoidance method, comprising:
acquiring a current flight position, posture information and a depth image detected at the current flight position of an aerial vehicle; acquiring three-dimensional position information of each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image; and projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into a local navigation chart taking the current flight position as a center according to a weight that is set respectively, wherein, the local navigation chart comprises multiple sub-areas; if a weight sum of all points in the sub-area is greater than a preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as an obstacle area, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid an obstacle of the obstacle area; acquiring surveying and mapping data set by a user and used to indicate the obstacle area and an operating boundary area, and three-dimensional position information used to indicate the obstacle area in the local navigation chart; and configuring the obstacle area and the operating boundary area in a preset global navigation chart, as to indicate the aerial vehicle to avoid the obstacles of the obstacle area and the operating boundary area. 14. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, configuring the obstacle area and the operating boundary area in the preset global navigation chart comprises:
acquiring a first obstacle area and a first operating boundary area according to the acquired surveying and mapping data and the acquired three-dimensional position information; swelling the first obstacle area and the first operating boundary area, as to acquire a second obstacle area and a second operating boundary area; and configuring the second obstacle area and the second operating boundary area as an area indicating the aerial vehicle to avoid the obstacle. 15. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, a center and a size of the preset global navigation chart are acquired according to a position before takeoff of the aerial vehicle and the surveying and mapping data;
wherein, a horizontal boundary of the global navigation chart is determined by a maximum and a minimum of the position and the surveying and mapping data on a Y axis after swelling, and a vertical boundary of the global navigation chart is determined by a maximum and a minimum of the position and the surveying and mapping data on an X axis after swelling. 16. (canceled) 17. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart taking the current flight position as the center according to the weight that is set respectively, further comprising:
if the weight sum of the all points in the sub-area is less than or equal to the preset threshold, configuring the sub-area as a passage area, as to allow the aerial vehicle to fly across. 18. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, the depth image comprises distance information of the each point and the current flight position; and the weight of the each point is acquired according to a multiply of a preset weight and a distance factor, wherein, the distance factor is in direct proportion to the distance information. 19. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after projecting the three-dimensional position information of the each point into the local navigation chart, further comprising:
damping a weight of each point in a preset area in the local navigation chart; and acquiring a weight sum of all points within the each sub-area after damping. 20. (canceled) 21. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the preset area is determined according to the center of the local navigation chart, a horizontal field angle of a binocular system for acquiring the depth image in the aerial vehicle and a setting damping distance. 22. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image comprises:
implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire each point in a navigation coordinate system; and acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point according to the each point in the navigation coordinate system, the current flight position and the posture information; wherein implementing coordinate conversion for the depth image, as to acquire the each point in the navigation coordinate system comprises: converting the each point in the depth image to each point under a camera coordinate system according to an internal reference matrix of a camera; converting the each point under the camera coordinate system to each point of a machine coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the camera coordinate system to the machine coordinate system; and converting the each point under the machine coordinate system to the each point of the navigation coordinate system according to a conversion matrix from the machine coordinate system to the navigation coordinate system. 23. (canceled) 24. The obstacle avoidance method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, after acquiring the current flight position, the posture information and the depth image detected at the current flight position of the aerial vehicle and before acquiring the three-dimensional position information of the each point, further comprising:
implementing sparse processing for the depth image; wherein, implementing the sparse processing for the depth image comprises: implementing the sparse processing for the depth image with a variable step size, wherein, the variable step size is used to control gradual increasing of pixels in the depth image from an edge to the center. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. An unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a communication component, a sensor, a controller and a storage medium; the sensor comprising an image sensor, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning sensor and an inertial sensor;
the communication component, configured to communicate with a ground control apparatus; the GPS receiver and the positioning sensor, configured to determine a current flight position of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the inertial sensor, configured to determine posture information of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the image sensor, configured to detect a depth image at the current flight position; the controller being connected with the storage medium, and the storage medium being configured to store a program; and the program being used to implement steps of the method as claimed in claim 1 when running. 34. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,718 | 16,641,772 | 3,614 | A hydraulic excavator (1) is provided with a controller (40) including an actuator control section (81) which, when an operation device (45, 46) is operated, controls at least one of a plurality of hydraulic actuators (5, 6, 7) in accordance with the velocities of the plurality of hydraulic actuators (5, 6, 7) and a predetermined condition. The controller (40) determines, based on a sensed value from a posture sensor (50), the direction of a load exerted on an arm cylinder (6) due to the weight of an arm (9), outputs, upon determining that the direction of the load is opposite to a driving direction of the arm cylinder (6), a second velocity Vamt2 to the actuator control section (81), and outputs, upon determining that the direction of the load is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder (6), a third velocity Vamt3 to the actuator control section (81). | 1. A work machine comprising:
a work device that has a plurality of front members including an arm; a plurality of hydraulic actuators that include an arm cylinder driving the arm and that drive the plurality of front members; an operation device that gives instruction on operations of the plurality of hydraulic actuators according to an operation of an operator; a controller having an actuator control section that controls at least one of the plurality of hydraulic actuators according to velocities of the plurality of hydraulic actuators and a predetermined condition when the operation device is operated; a posture sensor that senses a physical quantity concerning a posture of the arm; and an operation amount sensor that senses a physical quantity concerning an operation amount for the arm of operation amounts of the operation device, wherein the controller includes: a first velocity calculation section that calculates a first velocity calculated from a sensed value from the operation amount sensor as a velocity of the arm cylinder; a second velocity calculation section that, based on a sensed value from the posture sensor, determines a direction of a load applied to the arm cylinder by the weight of the arm, and, upon determining that the direction of the load is opposite to a driving direction of the arm cylinder, calculates as the velocity of the arm cylinder a second velocity lower than the first velocity as a velocity of the arm cylinder; and a third velocity calculation section that, upon determining that the direction of the load is same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder, calculates as the velocity of the arm cylinder a third velocity equal to or higher than the first velocity as a velocity of the arm cylinder. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second velocity calculation section calculates the second velocity taking an influence of the weight of the arm into account, and the third velocity calculation section calculates the third velocity taking an influence of the weight of the arm into account. 3. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
each of a first correction amount that is a deviation between the first velocity and the second velocity, and a second correction amount that is a deviation between the first velocity and the third velocity varies according to variations in a sensed value from the posture sensor and a sensed value from the operation amount sensor. 4. The work machine according to claim 1,
comprising a velocity selection section that outputs one of the first velocity calculated by the first velocity calculation section, the second velocity calculated by the second velocity calculation section, and the third velocity calculated by the third velocity calculation section to the actuator control section, wherein the velocity selection section: outputs, when a sensed value from the operation amount sensor is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the first velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder; outputs, upon determining that the sensed value from the operation amount sensor is less than the predetermined value and the direction of the load is opposite to the driving direction of the arm cylinder, the second velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder; and outputs, upon determining that the sensed value from the operation amount sensor is less than the predetermined value and the direction of the load is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder, the third velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder. | A hydraulic excavator (1) is provided with a controller (40) including an actuator control section (81) which, when an operation device (45, 46) is operated, controls at least one of a plurality of hydraulic actuators (5, 6, 7) in accordance with the velocities of the plurality of hydraulic actuators (5, 6, 7) and a predetermined condition. The controller (40) determines, based on a sensed value from a posture sensor (50), the direction of a load exerted on an arm cylinder (6) due to the weight of an arm (9), outputs, upon determining that the direction of the load is opposite to a driving direction of the arm cylinder (6), a second velocity Vamt2 to the actuator control section (81), and outputs, upon determining that the direction of the load is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder (6), a third velocity Vamt3 to the actuator control section (81).1. A work machine comprising:
a work device that has a plurality of front members including an arm; a plurality of hydraulic actuators that include an arm cylinder driving the arm and that drive the plurality of front members; an operation device that gives instruction on operations of the plurality of hydraulic actuators according to an operation of an operator; a controller having an actuator control section that controls at least one of the plurality of hydraulic actuators according to velocities of the plurality of hydraulic actuators and a predetermined condition when the operation device is operated; a posture sensor that senses a physical quantity concerning a posture of the arm; and an operation amount sensor that senses a physical quantity concerning an operation amount for the arm of operation amounts of the operation device, wherein the controller includes: a first velocity calculation section that calculates a first velocity calculated from a sensed value from the operation amount sensor as a velocity of the arm cylinder; a second velocity calculation section that, based on a sensed value from the posture sensor, determines a direction of a load applied to the arm cylinder by the weight of the arm, and, upon determining that the direction of the load is opposite to a driving direction of the arm cylinder, calculates as the velocity of the arm cylinder a second velocity lower than the first velocity as a velocity of the arm cylinder; and a third velocity calculation section that, upon determining that the direction of the load is same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder, calculates as the velocity of the arm cylinder a third velocity equal to or higher than the first velocity as a velocity of the arm cylinder. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second velocity calculation section calculates the second velocity taking an influence of the weight of the arm into account, and the third velocity calculation section calculates the third velocity taking an influence of the weight of the arm into account. 3. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
each of a first correction amount that is a deviation between the first velocity and the second velocity, and a second correction amount that is a deviation between the first velocity and the third velocity varies according to variations in a sensed value from the posture sensor and a sensed value from the operation amount sensor. 4. The work machine according to claim 1,
comprising a velocity selection section that outputs one of the first velocity calculated by the first velocity calculation section, the second velocity calculated by the second velocity calculation section, and the third velocity calculated by the third velocity calculation section to the actuator control section, wherein the velocity selection section: outputs, when a sensed value from the operation amount sensor is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the first velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder; outputs, upon determining that the sensed value from the operation amount sensor is less than the predetermined value and the direction of the load is opposite to the driving direction of the arm cylinder, the second velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder; and outputs, upon determining that the sensed value from the operation amount sensor is less than the predetermined value and the direction of the load is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder, the third velocity to the actuator control section as a velocity of the arm cylinder. | 3,600 |
338,719 | 16,641,756 | 3,614 | A digital microfluidic chip, a method for driving the same, and a digital microfluidic device are provided. The digital microfluidic chip includes a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet, and a light driving layer configured to provide light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to drive the droplet to move. The light driving layer includes light emitting units arranged in an array and provides light. The state transition layer realizes a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition. The light driving layer controls the lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition by providing light to drive the droplet to move. An existing digital microfluidic chip has a complex structure and a high fabricating cost, while the digital microfluidic chip of the present disclosure has a simple structure, a simple fabricating process and a low fabricating cost, and can realize miniaturization and integration to a maximum extent. | 1. A digital microfluidic chip, comprising:
a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet; and a light driving layer configured to provide light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to move the droplet. 2. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, wherein the state transition layer comprises a photosensitive material in which a lyophobic cis-structure is transitioned into a lyophilic trans-structure upon irradiation by light. 3. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive material comprises a copolymer of isopropylacrylamide and acryloxysuccinimide. 4. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a base plate, wherein the light driving layer is on the base plate, and the state transition layer is stacked on the light driving layer. 5. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4, wherein the droplet is on a surface of the state transition layer away from the base plate. 6. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4,
wherein the light driving layer is spaced apart from the state transition layer, and wherein a space for the droplet is between the light driving layer and the state transition layer. 7. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4,
wherein the state transition layer comprises a first state transition layer and a second state transition layer which are spaced apart from each other, and wherein a space for the droplet is between the first state transition layer and the second state transition layer. 8. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a detect circuit configured to detect a position of the droplet; and a control circuit configured to generate a control signal according to the position of the droplet, a preset movement direction, and speed of the droplet, and send the control signal to the light driving layer, wherein the control signal comprises a position to which light is provided and an intensity of the light. 9. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 8, wherein the light driving layer comprises a plurality of light emitting units, which are arranged in an array. 10. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 9, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine first light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units according to the position of the droplet, determine second light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units which provide light according to the preset movement direction of the droplet, and determine the intensity of the light provided by the second light emitting units according to a preset movement speed of the droplet. 11. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive material has a lyophilic degree in direct proportion to an intensity of light provided by the light driving layer. 12. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a thermal control layer configured to control a temperature of the state transition layer. 13. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 12, wherein the thermal control layer is between the light driving layer and the state transition layer. 14. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1,
wherein the state transition layer is transitioned from lyophobicity to lyophilicity during the lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition. 15. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of light emitting units comprises a micro-LED. 16. A digital microfluidic device, comprising the digital microfluidic chip of claim 1. 17. A driving method for a digital microfluidic chip, wherein the digital microfluidic chip comprises a light driving layer and a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet, the driving method comprising:
in response to a control signal, providing light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to move the droplet by using the light driving layer. 18. The driving method of claim 17, further comprising:
detecting a position of the droplet; and generating the control signal according to the position of the droplet and a preset movement direction and speed of the droplet. 19. The driving method of claim 17, wherein the control signal comprises a position to which light is provided and an intensity of the light. 20. The driving method of claim 18, wherein the light driving layer comprises a plurality of light emitting units which are arranged in an array, and wherein the generating the control signal comprises:
determining first light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units according to the position of the droplet; determining second light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units to which light is provided according to the preset movement direction of the droplet; determining an intensity of light provided by the second light emitting units according to a preset movement speed of the droplet; and generating the control signal comprising information about a position of the second light emitting units and information about the intensity of light provided by the second light emitting units. | A digital microfluidic chip, a method for driving the same, and a digital microfluidic device are provided. The digital microfluidic chip includes a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet, and a light driving layer configured to provide light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to drive the droplet to move. The light driving layer includes light emitting units arranged in an array and provides light. The state transition layer realizes a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition. The light driving layer controls the lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition by providing light to drive the droplet to move. An existing digital microfluidic chip has a complex structure and a high fabricating cost, while the digital microfluidic chip of the present disclosure has a simple structure, a simple fabricating process and a low fabricating cost, and can realize miniaturization and integration to a maximum extent.1. A digital microfluidic chip, comprising:
a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet; and a light driving layer configured to provide light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to move the droplet. 2. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, wherein the state transition layer comprises a photosensitive material in which a lyophobic cis-structure is transitioned into a lyophilic trans-structure upon irradiation by light. 3. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive material comprises a copolymer of isopropylacrylamide and acryloxysuccinimide. 4. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a base plate, wherein the light driving layer is on the base plate, and the state transition layer is stacked on the light driving layer. 5. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4, wherein the droplet is on a surface of the state transition layer away from the base plate. 6. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4,
wherein the light driving layer is spaced apart from the state transition layer, and wherein a space for the droplet is between the light driving layer and the state transition layer. 7. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 4,
wherein the state transition layer comprises a first state transition layer and a second state transition layer which are spaced apart from each other, and wherein a space for the droplet is between the first state transition layer and the second state transition layer. 8. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a detect circuit configured to detect a position of the droplet; and a control circuit configured to generate a control signal according to the position of the droplet, a preset movement direction, and speed of the droplet, and send the control signal to the light driving layer, wherein the control signal comprises a position to which light is provided and an intensity of the light. 9. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 8, wherein the light driving layer comprises a plurality of light emitting units, which are arranged in an array. 10. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 9, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine first light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units according to the position of the droplet, determine second light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units which provide light according to the preset movement direction of the droplet, and determine the intensity of the light provided by the second light emitting units according to a preset movement speed of the droplet. 11. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive material has a lyophilic degree in direct proportion to an intensity of light provided by the light driving layer. 12. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a thermal control layer configured to control a temperature of the state transition layer. 13. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 12, wherein the thermal control layer is between the light driving layer and the state transition layer. 14. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 1,
wherein the state transition layer is transitioned from lyophobicity to lyophilicity during the lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition. 15. The digital microfluidic chip of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of light emitting units comprises a micro-LED. 16. A digital microfluidic device, comprising the digital microfluidic chip of claim 1. 17. A driving method for a digital microfluidic chip, wherein the digital microfluidic chip comprises a light driving layer and a state transition layer configured to bear a droplet, the driving method comprising:
in response to a control signal, providing light for controlling a lyophobicity-lyophobicity transition of the state transition layer to move the droplet by using the light driving layer. 18. The driving method of claim 17, further comprising:
detecting a position of the droplet; and generating the control signal according to the position of the droplet and a preset movement direction and speed of the droplet. 19. The driving method of claim 17, wherein the control signal comprises a position to which light is provided and an intensity of the light. 20. The driving method of claim 18, wherein the light driving layer comprises a plurality of light emitting units which are arranged in an array, and wherein the generating the control signal comprises:
determining first light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units according to the position of the droplet; determining second light emitting units from the plurality of light emitting units to which light is provided according to the preset movement direction of the droplet; determining an intensity of light provided by the second light emitting units according to a preset movement speed of the droplet; and generating the control signal comprising information about a position of the second light emitting units and information about the intensity of light provided by the second light emitting units. | 3,600 |
338,720 | 16,641,730 | 3,614 | Various embodiments include processing devices and methods for relocation and reinitialization for a robotic device. Various embodiments may include concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine a first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. Various embodiments may include pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost, relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device, and reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. | 1. A method of relocation and reinitialization of a robotic device, comprising:
determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; terminating reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; determining whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and terminating relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determining whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein relocating a second pose of the robotic device comprises:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data for a plurality of features of the environment; identify a second feature of the environment from the plurality of features of the environment having stored sensor data matching the captured sensor data; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the second pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the second pose of the robotic device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising;
retrieving stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment comprises locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data., 6. The method of claim 1, wherein reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device comprises:
retrieving a fourth pose of the robotic device that was obtained before tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost, and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device using the fourth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining the third pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and correlating the third pose of the robotic device with a stored map of the environment. 8. A robotic device, comprising:
a memory; a sensor; and a processor communicatively connected to the memory and the sensor, and configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment;
determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and
concurrently relocate a second pose of the robotic device and reinitialize a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 9. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; terminate reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; determine whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and terminate relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful. 10. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; relocate the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determine whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitialize the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 11. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate a second pose of the robotic device by:
capturing sensor data. of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data for a plurality of features of the environment; identify a second feature of the environment from the plurality of features of the environment having stored sensor data matching the captured sensor data; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the second pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the second pose of the robotic device, 12. The robotic device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and compare the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to locate the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment by locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 13. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions reinitialize a third pose of the robotic device by:
retrieving a fourth pose of the robotic device that was obtained before tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device using the fourth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost. 14. The robotic device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine the third pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and correlate the third pose of the robotic device with a stored map of the environment. 15. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein:
the memory includes a map database configured to store map data; the sensor is configured to capture sensor data; and the robotic device further comprises:
a reinitializing module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory; and
a relocating module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory,
wherein the reinitializing module and the relocating module are configured to share sensor data captured by the sensor and map data stored in the map database. 16. A robotic device, comprising:
means for determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; means for determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and means for concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 7. A processing device for use in a robotic device and configured to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and concurrently relocate a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 18. A method of relocation and reinitialization of a robotic device, comprising:
determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment comprises:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; retrieving stored sensor data. associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; retrieving stored descriptor-based features of a first feature of the environment associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; determining whether the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds a feature threshold; indicating that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds the feature threshold; and indicating that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature do not exceed the feature threshold. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; tracking the robotic device based on the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; determining whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and tracking the robotic device based on the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; relocating the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determining whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein relocating a third pose of the robotic device comprises:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data associated with a second feature of the environment associated with a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the third pose in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the third pose. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
retrieving stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment comprises locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device comprises:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device that was obtained tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device using the fifth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; determining the fourth pose in relation to the environment; and correlating the fourth pose with a stored map of the environment. 25. A robotic device, comprising:
a memory; a sensor; and a processor communicatively connected to the memory and the sensor, and configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment;
determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost;
pre-relocate a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost;
relocate a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and
reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 26. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; retrieve stored sensor data associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; retrieve stored descriptor-based features of a first feature of the environment associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; determine whether the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceed a feature threshold; indicate that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds the feature threshold; and indicate that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature do not exceed the feature threshold. 27. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; track the robotic device based on the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; determine whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and track the robotic device based on the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful. 28. The robotic device of claim. 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; relocate the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determine whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitialize the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 29. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate a third pose of the robotic device by:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data associated with a second feature of the environment associated with a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the third pose in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the third pose. 30. The robotic device of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and compare the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment by locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 31. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device by:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device that was obtained tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device using the fifth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; determining the fourth pose in relation to the environment; and correlating the fourth pose with a stored map of the environment. 32. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein:
the memory includes a map database configured to store map data; the sensor is configured to capture sensor data; and the robotic device further comprises:
a reinitializing module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory; and
a relocating module connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory,
wherein the reinitializing module and the relocating module are configured to share sensor data captured by the sensor and map data stored in the map database, 33. A robotic device, comprising:
means for determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; means for determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; means for pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; means for relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and means for reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 34. A processing device for use in a robotic device and configured to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; pre-relocate a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; relocate a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. | Various embodiments include processing devices and methods for relocation and reinitialization for a robotic device. Various embodiments may include concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine a first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. Various embodiments may include pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost, relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device, and reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device.1. A method of relocation and reinitialization of a robotic device, comprising:
determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; terminating reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; determining whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and terminating relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determining whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein relocating a second pose of the robotic device comprises:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data for a plurality of features of the environment; identify a second feature of the environment from the plurality of features of the environment having stored sensor data matching the captured sensor data; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the second pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the second pose of the robotic device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising;
retrieving stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment comprises locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data., 6. The method of claim 1, wherein reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device comprises:
retrieving a fourth pose of the robotic device that was obtained before tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost, and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device using the fourth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining the third pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and correlating the third pose of the robotic device with a stored map of the environment. 8. A robotic device, comprising:
a memory; a sensor; and a processor communicatively connected to the memory and the sensor, and configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment;
determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and
concurrently relocate a second pose of the robotic device and reinitialize a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 9. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; terminate reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; determine whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and terminate relocating the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful. 10. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful; relocate the second pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determine whether reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitialize the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 11. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate a second pose of the robotic device by:
capturing sensor data. of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data for a plurality of features of the environment; identify a second feature of the environment from the plurality of features of the environment having stored sensor data matching the captured sensor data; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the second pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the second pose of the robotic device, 12. The robotic device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and compare the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to locate the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment by locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 13. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions reinitialize a third pose of the robotic device by:
retrieving a fourth pose of the robotic device that was obtained before tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; and reinitializing the third pose of the robotic device using the fourth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost. 14. The robotic device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine the third pose of the robotic device in relation to the environment; and correlate the third pose of the robotic device with a stored map of the environment. 15. The robotic device of claim 8, wherein:
the memory includes a map database configured to store map data; the sensor is configured to capture sensor data; and the robotic device further comprises:
a reinitializing module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory; and
a relocating module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory,
wherein the reinitializing module and the relocating module are configured to share sensor data captured by the sensor and map data stored in the map database. 16. A robotic device, comprising:
means for determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; means for determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and means for concurrently relocating a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 7. A processing device for use in a robotic device and configured to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; and concurrently relocate a second pose of the robotic device and reinitializing a third pose of the robotic device in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost. 18. A method of relocation and reinitialization of a robotic device, comprising:
determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment comprises:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; retrieving stored sensor data. associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; retrieving stored descriptor-based features of a first feature of the environment associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; determining whether the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds a feature threshold; indicating that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds the feature threshold; and indicating that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature do not exceed the feature threshold. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; tracking the robotic device based on the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; determining whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and tracking the robotic device based on the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; relocating the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determining whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein relocating a third pose of the robotic device comprises:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data associated with a second feature of the environment associated with a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the third pose in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the third pose. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
retrieving stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment comprises locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device comprises:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device that was obtained tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device using the fifth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; determining the fourth pose in relation to the environment; and correlating the fourth pose with a stored map of the environment. 25. A robotic device, comprising:
a memory; a sensor; and a processor communicatively connected to the memory and the sensor, and configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment;
determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost;
pre-relocate a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost;
relocate a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and
reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 26. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; retrieve stored sensor data associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; retrieve stored descriptor-based features of a first feature of the environment associated with the fifth pose of the robotic device; determine whether the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceed a feature threshold; indicate that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is successful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature exceeds the feature threshold; and indicate that pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful in response to determining that the descriptor-based features of the first feature do not exceed the feature threshold. 27. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; track the robotic device based on the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; determine whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and track the robotic device based on the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful. 28. The robotic device of claim. 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
determine whether relocating the third pose of the robotic device is successful; relocate the third pose of the robotic device in response to determining that relocating the third pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful; determine whether reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is successful; and reinitialize the fourth pose of the robotic device in response to determining that reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device is unsuccessful. 29. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate a third pose of the robotic device by:
capturing sensor data of a first feature of the environment; comparing the captured sensor data with stored sensor data associated with a second feature of the environment associated with a fifth pose of the robotic device on a planned path to a next goal; locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment; determining the third pose in relation to the environment; and tracking the robotic device based on the third pose. 30. The robotic device of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to:
retrieve stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment; and compare the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to relocate the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment by locating the first feature of the environment in relation to the second feature of the environment based on comparing the stored descriptor-based features of the second feature of the environment with the captured sensor data. 31. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured with processor-executable instructions to reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device by:
retrieving a fifth pose of the robotic device that was obtained tracking of the robotic device was lost; retrieving sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; reinitializing the fourth pose of the robotic device using the fifth pose of the robotic device and the sensor data captured since tracking of the robotic device was lost; determining the fourth pose in relation to the environment; and correlating the fourth pose with a stored map of the environment. 32. The robotic device of claim 25, wherein:
the memory includes a map database configured to store map data; the sensor is configured to capture sensor data; and the robotic device further comprises:
a reinitializing module communicatively connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory; and
a relocating module connected to the processor, to the sensor, and to the memory,
wherein the reinitializing module and the relocating module are configured to share sensor data captured by the sensor and map data stored in the map database, 33. A robotic device, comprising:
means for determining a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; means for determining whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; means for pre-relocating a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; means for relocating a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and means for reinitializing a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. 34. A processing device for use in a robotic device and configured to:
determine a first pose of the robotic device in an environment; determine whether tracking of the robotic device is lost; pre-relocate a second pose of the robotic device in the environment in response to failing to determine the first pose of the robotic device in the environment and determining that tracking of the robotic device is lost; relocate a third pose of the robotic device in response to successfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device; and reinitialize a fourth pose of the robotic device in response to unsuccessfully pre-relocating the second pose of the robotic device. | 3,600 |
338,721 | 16,641,794 | 3,614 | The present disclosure includes, among other things, a printed circuit, wherein the circuit is adapted to send a signal to a wireless network when the circuit is open and/or closed, the circuit comprising a resealable seam where the circuit can be opened and closed and a processor configured to send a signal over a wireless network when the circuit is open and/or closed. The printed circuit may have a flexible adhesive backing. The circuit may also be attached to the interior or exterior of a container, where the circuit is open and thus sends a signal when the container is open. | 1. A printed circuit for a security device, the printed circuit comprising:
a sensing element comprising a conductive trace disposed on a substrate, the substrate having a resealable seam crossing a point along the conductive trace, wherein the conductive trace is configured to be connected and disconnected at the point when the resealable seam is opened and closed, respectively; and an electronics module operably coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a processor and a communications circuit, wherein:
the processor is configured to detect the disconnecting of the conductive trace by measuring a characteristic of the sensing element; and
the communications circuit is configured to transmit a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the processor detects the disconnecting of the conductive trace. 2. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a flexible material. 3. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a flexible adhesive backing, the adhesive backing adherable to a container such that a portion of a surface of the container is covered with the conductive trace when the adhesive backing is adhered to the container. 4. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a surface of a container and wherein the conductive trace is printed onto the surface of the container. 5. The printed circuit of claim 4, wherein the container is adapted to contain at least one desirable object. 6. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the electronics module of the circuit is configured to store a credential for authorized access into the security container. 7. The printed circuit of claim 6, wherein the communication circuit is configured to send a signal indicating an authorized access when the processor (i) receives a signal with a credential that matches a credential stored in the electronics module and (ii) detects the resealable seam is opened and the conductive trace is disconnected. 8. The printed circuit of claim 7, wherein the electronics module is configured to receive the signal with the credential via near field communication (NFC). 9. The printed circuit of claim 6, wherein the communication circuit is configured to send a signal indicating an unauthorized access when the processor detects the resealable seam opening without receipt of a signal with a credential that matches a credential stored in the electronics module. 10. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is sodium acetate. 11. The printed circuit of claim 1, further comprising, coupled to the processor, at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a geolocation sensor, and a camera. 12. A security device comprising:
a container having a surface with an opening; a sensing element coupled to the opening, the sensing element including a conductive trace configured to be opened and closed when the opening of the surface is opened and closed; and an electronics module coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a first processor and first communications circuit, the first communications circuit configured to send a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the conductive trace is open. 13-16. (canceled) 17. The security device of claim 12, wherein the container is a cylindrical container including a cylindrical body and at least one lid, the body having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the lid shaped to cover a first end of the cylindrical body. 18. The security device of claim 17, wherein the conductive trace is distributed over a first portion of the interior surface of the cylindrical body. 19. The security device of claim 12, wherein the security device comprises a first compartment positioned near the first end configured to house a desirable object and a second compartment configured to house the electronics module. 20. The security device of claim 12, further comprising a panel positioned between the first and second compartments, wherein an electrical connection between the conductive trace and the electronics module crosses from the first compartment to the second compartment. 21-25. (canceled) 26. A security system for protecting a desirable object, the security system comprising:
a security device comprising:
a container having a surface with an opening;
a sensing element coupled to the opening, the sensing element including a conductive trace configured to be opened and closed when the opening of the surface is opened and closed; and
an electronics module coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a first processor and a first communication circuit, the first communication circuit configured to send a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the first processor detects that the conductive trace has opened; and
the designated computing device comprising a second communication circuit for receiving the signal over the wireless communication network and a second processor configured to process the signal received by the second communication circuit. 27-33. (canceled) 34. The security system of claim 26, wherein the container is a cylindrical container including a cylindrical body and at least one lid, the body having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the lid shaped to cover a first end of the cylindrical body. 35. The security system of claim 34, wherein the conductive trace is distributed over a first portion of the interior surface of the cylindrical body. 36. The security system of claim 34, wherein the second processor is configured to process the signal to determine if the lid of the security device has been removed. 37. The security system of claim 26, wherein the security device comprises a first compartment positioned near the first end configured to house a desirable object and a second compartment configured to house the electronics module. 38. The security system of claim 37, further comprising a panel positioned between the first and second compartments, wherein an electrical connection between the conductive trace and the electronics module crosses from the first compartment to the second compartment. 39-43. (canceled) | The present disclosure includes, among other things, a printed circuit, wherein the circuit is adapted to send a signal to a wireless network when the circuit is open and/or closed, the circuit comprising a resealable seam where the circuit can be opened and closed and a processor configured to send a signal over a wireless network when the circuit is open and/or closed. The printed circuit may have a flexible adhesive backing. The circuit may also be attached to the interior or exterior of a container, where the circuit is open and thus sends a signal when the container is open.1. A printed circuit for a security device, the printed circuit comprising:
a sensing element comprising a conductive trace disposed on a substrate, the substrate having a resealable seam crossing a point along the conductive trace, wherein the conductive trace is configured to be connected and disconnected at the point when the resealable seam is opened and closed, respectively; and an electronics module operably coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a processor and a communications circuit, wherein:
the processor is configured to detect the disconnecting of the conductive trace by measuring a characteristic of the sensing element; and
the communications circuit is configured to transmit a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the processor detects the disconnecting of the conductive trace. 2. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a flexible material. 3. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a flexible adhesive backing, the adhesive backing adherable to a container such that a portion of a surface of the container is covered with the conductive trace when the adhesive backing is adhered to the container. 4. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a surface of a container and wherein the conductive trace is printed onto the surface of the container. 5. The printed circuit of claim 4, wherein the container is adapted to contain at least one desirable object. 6. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the electronics module of the circuit is configured to store a credential for authorized access into the security container. 7. The printed circuit of claim 6, wherein the communication circuit is configured to send a signal indicating an authorized access when the processor (i) receives a signal with a credential that matches a credential stored in the electronics module and (ii) detects the resealable seam is opened and the conductive trace is disconnected. 8. The printed circuit of claim 7, wherein the electronics module is configured to receive the signal with the credential via near field communication (NFC). 9. The printed circuit of claim 6, wherein the communication circuit is configured to send a signal indicating an unauthorized access when the processor detects the resealable seam opening without receipt of a signal with a credential that matches a credential stored in the electronics module. 10. The printed circuit of claim 1, wherein the substrate is sodium acetate. 11. The printed circuit of claim 1, further comprising, coupled to the processor, at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a geolocation sensor, and a camera. 12. A security device comprising:
a container having a surface with an opening; a sensing element coupled to the opening, the sensing element including a conductive trace configured to be opened and closed when the opening of the surface is opened and closed; and an electronics module coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a first processor and first communications circuit, the first communications circuit configured to send a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the conductive trace is open. 13-16. (canceled) 17. The security device of claim 12, wherein the container is a cylindrical container including a cylindrical body and at least one lid, the body having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the lid shaped to cover a first end of the cylindrical body. 18. The security device of claim 17, wherein the conductive trace is distributed over a first portion of the interior surface of the cylindrical body. 19. The security device of claim 12, wherein the security device comprises a first compartment positioned near the first end configured to house a desirable object and a second compartment configured to house the electronics module. 20. The security device of claim 12, further comprising a panel positioned between the first and second compartments, wherein an electrical connection between the conductive trace and the electronics module crosses from the first compartment to the second compartment. 21-25. (canceled) 26. A security system for protecting a desirable object, the security system comprising:
a security device comprising:
a container having a surface with an opening;
a sensing element coupled to the opening, the sensing element including a conductive trace configured to be opened and closed when the opening of the surface is opened and closed; and
an electronics module coupled to the sensing element, the electronics module configured to provide a current source for the sensing element, the electronics module comprising a first processor and a first communication circuit, the first communication circuit configured to send a signal over a wireless communication network to a designated computing device when the first processor detects that the conductive trace has opened; and
the designated computing device comprising a second communication circuit for receiving the signal over the wireless communication network and a second processor configured to process the signal received by the second communication circuit. 27-33. (canceled) 34. The security system of claim 26, wherein the container is a cylindrical container including a cylindrical body and at least one lid, the body having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the lid shaped to cover a first end of the cylindrical body. 35. The security system of claim 34, wherein the conductive trace is distributed over a first portion of the interior surface of the cylindrical body. 36. The security system of claim 34, wherein the second processor is configured to process the signal to determine if the lid of the security device has been removed. 37. The security system of claim 26, wherein the security device comprises a first compartment positioned near the first end configured to house a desirable object and a second compartment configured to house the electronics module. 38. The security system of claim 37, further comprising a panel positioned between the first and second compartments, wherein an electrical connection between the conductive trace and the electronics module crosses from the first compartment to the second compartment. 39-43. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,722 | 16,641,750 | 3,614 | A separator including: a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, and including a plurality of lithium-containing composite particles and a binder positioned on the whole or a part of the surface of the lithium-containing composite particles to connect and fix the lithium-containing composite particles with each other, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles includes a lithiated compound and a passivation film formed on the surface of the lithiated compound, and the passivation film includes a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). A lithium secondary battery including the separator and a method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery are also provided. | 1. A separator comprising:
a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, wherein the coating layer comprises a plurality of lithium-containing composite particles and a binder positioned on a whole or a part of a surface of the lithium-containing composite particles to connect and fix the lithium-containing composite particles with each other, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles comprise a lithiated compound and a passivation film formed on a surface of the lithiated compound, and the passivation film comprises a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). 2. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithiated compound comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium silicide (LixSi, 0<x<4.4), LixSn (0<x<4.4), LixGe (0<x<4.4), LixAl (0<x<3), LixSb (0<x<3), LixZn (0<x<1), Co—Li2O, Ni—Li2O, Fe—Li2O, LixC (0<x<0.17), Li4+xTi5O12 (0<x<3), LixMoO2 (0<x<4), LixTiO2 (0<x<3), and LixV2O5 (0<x<5). 3. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithiated compound is obtained by intercalation of lithium ions in a lithium-intercalatable material, and the lithium-intercalatable material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of:
one or more metal or metal oxide of Si, Sn, Al, Sb or Zn; one or more metal oxide of CoxOy(1≤x≤3, 1<y<4), NixOy (1≤x≤2, 1≤y≤3), FexOy (1≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5), TiO2, MoO2, V2O5 or Li4Ti5O12; and a carbonaceous material. 4. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles have a particle diameter of 10 nm to 200 μm. 5. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the SEI film comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of LiF, Li2O, LiOH, and Li2CO3. 6. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a thickness corresponding to 10% to 90% based on 100% of a total thickness of the separator. 7. A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the separator according to claim 1 interposed between the positive electrode and negative electrode, wherein the coating layer is present at least on a surface of the porous polymer substrate facing the negative electrode. 8. A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
(S1) adding a mixture of a lithium-intercalatable material and lithium metal particles to an electrolyte, and agitating the mixture at room temperature and washing the mixture to obtain lithium-containing composite particles comprising lithium ions intercalated into the lithium-intercalatable material and a passivation film on a surface of the lithium-containing composite particles; (S2) dispersing the lithium-containing composite particles in a solvent with a binder to obtain a slurry, and coating the slurry onto at least one surface of a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores, followed by drying, to obtain a separator having a coating layer comprising the lithium-containing composite particles; and (S3) interposing the separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode wherein the coating layer of lithium-containing composite particles is present at least on a surface of the porous polymer substrate that faces the negative electrode, wherein the passivation film comprises a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed by a reaction of lithium ions with the electrolyte. 9. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the lithium-intercalatable material and lithium metal particles are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.05-1:3, in step (S1). 10. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the agitation is carried out at room temperature for 1 hour to 30 hours, in step (S1). 11. The method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, further comprising vacuum drying the mixture of lithium-intercalatable material, lithium metal particles and electrolyte to remove the electrolyte remaining on the surface after the lithium-containing composite particles are obtained in step (S1). 12. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein a conductive material is added to the slurry of step (S2). 13. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the solvent used in step (S2) comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of heptane, hexane, pentane, cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, diisopropyl ether, toluene, methyl t-butyl ether, xylene, benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, butyl acetate, isopropanol, n-butanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), n-propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, dioxane, and dioxolan. 14. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. 15. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the negative electrode comprises, as an active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of a Si-based material, Sn-based material, and carbonaceous material. | A separator including: a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, and including a plurality of lithium-containing composite particles and a binder positioned on the whole or a part of the surface of the lithium-containing composite particles to connect and fix the lithium-containing composite particles with each other, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles includes a lithiated compound and a passivation film formed on the surface of the lithiated compound, and the passivation film includes a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). A lithium secondary battery including the separator and a method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery are also provided.1. A separator comprising:
a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, wherein the coating layer comprises a plurality of lithium-containing composite particles and a binder positioned on a whole or a part of a surface of the lithium-containing composite particles to connect and fix the lithium-containing composite particles with each other, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles comprise a lithiated compound and a passivation film formed on a surface of the lithiated compound, and the passivation film comprises a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). 2. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithiated compound comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium silicide (LixSi, 0<x<4.4), LixSn (0<x<4.4), LixGe (0<x<4.4), LixAl (0<x<3), LixSb (0<x<3), LixZn (0<x<1), Co—Li2O, Ni—Li2O, Fe—Li2O, LixC (0<x<0.17), Li4+xTi5O12 (0<x<3), LixMoO2 (0<x<4), LixTiO2 (0<x<3), and LixV2O5 (0<x<5). 3. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithiated compound is obtained by intercalation of lithium ions in a lithium-intercalatable material, and the lithium-intercalatable material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of:
one or more metal or metal oxide of Si, Sn, Al, Sb or Zn; one or more metal oxide of CoxOy(1≤x≤3, 1<y<4), NixOy (1≤x≤2, 1≤y≤3), FexOy (1≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5), TiO2, MoO2, V2O5 or Li4Ti5O12; and a carbonaceous material. 4. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-containing composite particles have a particle diameter of 10 nm to 200 μm. 5. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the SEI film comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of LiF, Li2O, LiOH, and Li2CO3. 6. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a thickness corresponding to 10% to 90% based on 100% of a total thickness of the separator. 7. A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the separator according to claim 1 interposed between the positive electrode and negative electrode, wherein the coating layer is present at least on a surface of the porous polymer substrate facing the negative electrode. 8. A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
(S1) adding a mixture of a lithium-intercalatable material and lithium metal particles to an electrolyte, and agitating the mixture at room temperature and washing the mixture to obtain lithium-containing composite particles comprising lithium ions intercalated into the lithium-intercalatable material and a passivation film on a surface of the lithium-containing composite particles; (S2) dispersing the lithium-containing composite particles in a solvent with a binder to obtain a slurry, and coating the slurry onto at least one surface of a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores, followed by drying, to obtain a separator having a coating layer comprising the lithium-containing composite particles; and (S3) interposing the separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode wherein the coating layer of lithium-containing composite particles is present at least on a surface of the porous polymer substrate that faces the negative electrode, wherein the passivation film comprises a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed by a reaction of lithium ions with the electrolyte. 9. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the lithium-intercalatable material and lithium metal particles are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.05-1:3, in step (S1). 10. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the agitation is carried out at room temperature for 1 hour to 30 hours, in step (S1). 11. The method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, further comprising vacuum drying the mixture of lithium-intercalatable material, lithium metal particles and electrolyte to remove the electrolyte remaining on the surface after the lithium-containing composite particles are obtained in step (S1). 12. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein a conductive material is added to the slurry of step (S2). 13. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the solvent used in step (S2) comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of heptane, hexane, pentane, cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, diisopropyl ether, toluene, methyl t-butyl ether, xylene, benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, butyl acetate, isopropanol, n-butanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), n-propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, dioxane, and dioxolan. 14. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. 15. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the negative electrode comprises, as an active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of a Si-based material, Sn-based material, and carbonaceous material. | 3,600 |
338,723 | 16,641,762 | 3,614 | A track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track includes a machine frame movable by undercarriages on the track and a tamping unit which includes an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of tamping tools. An electric intermediate circuit has an electric energy store or storage device. An electric machine is associated with at least one undercarriage and coupled for generator operation to the intermediate circuit. The electric vibration drive is coupled to the intermediate circuit for supply. In this way, braking energy is used in an optimal manner for supplying the vibration drive. A method for operation of a track maintenance machine is also provided. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track, the track maintenance machine comprising:
a machine frame; undercarriages for moving said machine frame on the track; a tamping unit including tamping tools and an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of said tamping tools; an electric intermediate circuit with an electric energy store, said electric intermediate circuit being coupled to said electric vibration drive for supplying said electric vibration drive with energy; and an electric machine associated with at least one of said undercarriages and coupled for generator operation to said intermediate circuit. 14. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric energy store includes a super capacitor. 15. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric energy store includes an accumulator. 16. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric machine is a motive drive, and a bidirectional converter connects said motive drive to said intermediate circuit. 17. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises an inverter connecting said vibration drive to said intermediate circuit. 18. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said vibration drive is a brushless electric motor. 19. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises components coupled to said intermediate circuit, and a control unit for coordinated actuation of said components. 20. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said tamping unit is disposed on said machine frame. 21. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises a combustion engine-generator unit coupled to said intermediate circuit for supplying energy to said intermediate circuit. 22. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises converter circuitry coupled to said intermediate circuit for supplying energy to said intermediate circuit from a catenary of the track. 23. A method for operation of a track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track, the method comprising the following steps:
providing a track maintenance machine having:
a machine frame,
undercarriages for moving the machine frame on the track,
a tamping unit including tamping tools and an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of the tamping tools,
an electric intermediate circuit with an electric energy store, the electric intermediate circuit being coupled to the electric vibration drive for supplying the electric vibration drive with energy, and
an electric machine associated with at least one of the undercarriages and coupled for generator operation to the intermediate circuit;
using the electric machine to brake the track maintenance machine while giving off electric energy to the intermediate circuit when approaching a location of the track to be tamped; and supplying the vibration drive with electric energy from the intermediate circuit during a tamping operation. 24. The method according to claim 23, which further comprises actuating the tamping tools with a higher vibration frequency during penetration into the ballast than during a squeezing operation. | A track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track includes a machine frame movable by undercarriages on the track and a tamping unit which includes an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of tamping tools. An electric intermediate circuit has an electric energy store or storage device. An electric machine is associated with at least one undercarriage and coupled for generator operation to the intermediate circuit. The electric vibration drive is coupled to the intermediate circuit for supply. In this way, braking energy is used in an optimal manner for supplying the vibration drive. A method for operation of a track maintenance machine is also provided.1-12. (canceled) 13. A track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track, the track maintenance machine comprising:
a machine frame; undercarriages for moving said machine frame on the track; a tamping unit including tamping tools and an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of said tamping tools; an electric intermediate circuit with an electric energy store, said electric intermediate circuit being coupled to said electric vibration drive for supplying said electric vibration drive with energy; and an electric machine associated with at least one of said undercarriages and coupled for generator operation to said intermediate circuit. 14. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric energy store includes a super capacitor. 15. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric energy store includes an accumulator. 16. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said electric machine is a motive drive, and a bidirectional converter connects said motive drive to said intermediate circuit. 17. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises an inverter connecting said vibration drive to said intermediate circuit. 18. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said vibration drive is a brushless electric motor. 19. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises components coupled to said intermediate circuit, and a control unit for coordinated actuation of said components. 20. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, wherein said tamping unit is disposed on said machine frame. 21. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises a combustion engine-generator unit coupled to said intermediate circuit for supplying energy to said intermediate circuit. 22. The track maintenance machine according to claim 13, which further comprises converter circuitry coupled to said intermediate circuit for supplying energy to said intermediate circuit from a catenary of the track. 23. A method for operation of a track maintenance machine for compaction of ballast under sleepers of a track, the method comprising the following steps:
providing a track maintenance machine having:
a machine frame,
undercarriages for moving the machine frame on the track,
a tamping unit including tamping tools and an electric vibration drive for vibratory actuation of the tamping tools,
an electric intermediate circuit with an electric energy store, the electric intermediate circuit being coupled to the electric vibration drive for supplying the electric vibration drive with energy, and
an electric machine associated with at least one of the undercarriages and coupled for generator operation to the intermediate circuit;
using the electric machine to brake the track maintenance machine while giving off electric energy to the intermediate circuit when approaching a location of the track to be tamped; and supplying the vibration drive with electric energy from the intermediate circuit during a tamping operation. 24. The method according to claim 23, which further comprises actuating the tamping tools with a higher vibration frequency during penetration into the ballast than during a squeezing operation. | 3,600 |
338,724 | 16,641,789 | 3,614 | An intraoral sensor includes an image sensor, an FOP, a scintillator, and a case. The FOP includes a first main surface, a second main surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces. The first main surface and the second main surface have a polygonal shape. An edge of the second main surface is constituted by a plurality of corner portions, and a plurality of side portions connect the corner portions adjacent to each other. The scintillator is provided on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed. | 1. An intraoral sensor comprising:
an image sensor including a light detection region; a fiber optical plate is disposed on the image sensor to cover the light detection region; a scintillator is disposed on the fiber optical plate; and a case containing the image sensor, the fiber optical plate, and the scintillator, wherein the fiber optical plate includes, a first main surface opposing the image sensor and having a polygonal shape, a second main surface opposing the scintillator and having a polygonal shape, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connecting an edge of the first main surface and an edge of the second main surface, wherein the edge of the second main surface includes a plurality of corner portions, and a plurality of side portions connecting the corner portions adjacent to each other, and the scintillator is provided on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed. 2. The intraoral sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the scintillator is formed from a scintillator material containing CsI as a main component. 3. The intraoral sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a buffer material disposed between a structure and the case, and contacting with the structure, the structure including the image sensor, the fiber optical plate, and the scintillator. 4. A method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor including a structure including an image sensor, a fiber optical plate, and a scintillator, and a case containing the structure, the method comprising:
preparing the fiber optical plate including a first main surface having a polygonal shape, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface and having a polygonal shape, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connecting an edge of the first main surface and an edge of the second main surface, the edge of the second main surface being constituted by a plurality of corner portions and a plurality of side portions connecting the corner portions adjacent to each other; and providing the scintillator on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions, and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed. 5. The method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor according to claim 4,
wherein when providing the scintillator, covering the plurality of corner portions with a jig supporting the fiber optical plate, and vapor depositing a scintillator material constituting the scintillator with the jig as a mask. 6. The method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor according to claim 5,
wherein the scintillator material contains CsI as a main component. | An intraoral sensor includes an image sensor, an FOP, a scintillator, and a case. The FOP includes a first main surface, a second main surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces. The first main surface and the second main surface have a polygonal shape. An edge of the second main surface is constituted by a plurality of corner portions, and a plurality of side portions connect the corner portions adjacent to each other. The scintillator is provided on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed.1. An intraoral sensor comprising:
an image sensor including a light detection region; a fiber optical plate is disposed on the image sensor to cover the light detection region; a scintillator is disposed on the fiber optical plate; and a case containing the image sensor, the fiber optical plate, and the scintillator, wherein the fiber optical plate includes, a first main surface opposing the image sensor and having a polygonal shape, a second main surface opposing the scintillator and having a polygonal shape, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connecting an edge of the first main surface and an edge of the second main surface, wherein the edge of the second main surface includes a plurality of corner portions, and a plurality of side portions connecting the corner portions adjacent to each other, and the scintillator is provided on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed. 2. The intraoral sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the scintillator is formed from a scintillator material containing CsI as a main component. 3. The intraoral sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a buffer material disposed between a structure and the case, and contacting with the structure, the structure including the image sensor, the fiber optical plate, and the scintillator. 4. A method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor including a structure including an image sensor, a fiber optical plate, and a scintillator, and a case containing the structure, the method comprising:
preparing the fiber optical plate including a first main surface having a polygonal shape, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface and having a polygonal shape, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connecting an edge of the first main surface and an edge of the second main surface, the edge of the second main surface being constituted by a plurality of corner portions and a plurality of side portions connecting the corner portions adjacent to each other; and providing the scintillator on the second main surface and the plurality of lateral surfaces in such a manner that the corner portions, and the ridge portions constituted by the lateral surfaces adjacent to each other are exposed. 5. The method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor according to claim 4,
wherein when providing the scintillator, covering the plurality of corner portions with a jig supporting the fiber optical plate, and vapor depositing a scintillator material constituting the scintillator with the jig as a mask. 6. The method for manufacturing an intraoral sensor according to claim 5,
wherein the scintillator material contains CsI as a main component. | 3,600 |
338,725 | 16,641,759 | 3,614 | A tube stent includes a first tube body. The first tube body includes a first section, a second section, and a transition section located between the first section and the second section. One end of the transition section is connected to the first section, and the other end is connected to the second section. The shortening rate of the first section and the shortening rate of the second section are smaller than the shortening rate of the transition section. By using the tube stent, the pulsations of aortas are buffered by the transition section, so that vibration deformations of the tube stent are confined to the first section and the transition section, and accordingly the relative stability of the second section and branch blood vessels can be ensured, and the stimulations to walls of the branch blood vessels can be reduced. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. A tube stent, comprising:
a first tube body, the first tube body comprising a first section, a second section and a transition section which is positioned between the first section and the second section, one end of the transition section is connected with the first section, the other end of the transition section is connected with the second section, and shortening rates of the first section and the second section are less than a shortening rate of the transition section. 24. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein the shortening rate of the transition section is greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to than 50%. 25. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein a bending radius of the transition section is not greater than 10 mm. 26. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein an axial length of the transition section is not greater than ¾ of the total length of the first tube body. 27. The tube stent of claim 23, the first tube body further comprising a covering film and a bare stent connected with the covering film, the covering film comprises a first covering film arranged on the first section, a second covering film arranged on the second section and a third covering film arranged on the transition section, and the bare stent comprises a first radial supporting structure arranged on the first section, a second radial supporting structure arranged on the second section and a third radial supporting structure arranged on the transition section, the first radial supporting structure is connected with the first covering film, the second radial supporting structure is connected with the second covering film, and the third radial supporting structure is connected with the third covering film. 28. The tube stent of claim 27, wherein the second covering film at one end, far away from the transition section, of the second section is provided with a hollow structure. 29. The tube stent of claim 27, the third covering film comprising a third inner film and a plurality of third outer films attached to the third inner film, a length of the third inner film in the axial direction of the third radial supporting structure is greater than a length of the third outer film in the axial direction of the third radial supporting structure, the third radial supporting structure comprises a plurality of third wavy rings sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the first tube body, the third wavy rings comprise crests, troughs, and rod bodies each connecting two adjacent crest and trough, the rod bodies of the third wavy rings are clamped between the third inner film and the third outer films, and the crests or the troughs of the third wavy rings are exposed outside. 30. The tube stent of claim 29, wherein the third outer films cover the rod bodies of the third wavy rings in circumferential directions of the third wavy rings, and expose the crests and the troughs of the third wavy rings. 31. The tube stent of claim 29, wherein an angle between an extension direction of the third outer film and an axial direction of the transition section is not greater than 65°. 32. The tube stent of claim 31, wherein a width of each portion of the third outer film is equal, and a width of the third outer film in the axial direction of the third section is ⅓ to ½ of a height in the axial direction of the third section between the crest and the trough of the third wavy ring. 33. The tube stent of claim 30, wherein a plurality of the third wavy rings are connected in an axial direction to form a mesh structure, and the crests and the troughs of two adjacent third wavy rings are arranged opposite to each other and are buckled with each other to form an interlocking structure. 34. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein the diameter of one end, close to the transition section, of the second section is greater than the diameter of one end, far away from the transition section, of the second section. | A tube stent includes a first tube body. The first tube body includes a first section, a second section, and a transition section located between the first section and the second section. One end of the transition section is connected to the first section, and the other end is connected to the second section. The shortening rate of the first section and the shortening rate of the second section are smaller than the shortening rate of the transition section. By using the tube stent, the pulsations of aortas are buffered by the transition section, so that vibration deformations of the tube stent are confined to the first section and the transition section, and accordingly the relative stability of the second section and branch blood vessels can be ensured, and the stimulations to walls of the branch blood vessels can be reduced.1-22. (canceled) 23. A tube stent, comprising:
a first tube body, the first tube body comprising a first section, a second section and a transition section which is positioned between the first section and the second section, one end of the transition section is connected with the first section, the other end of the transition section is connected with the second section, and shortening rates of the first section and the second section are less than a shortening rate of the transition section. 24. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein the shortening rate of the transition section is greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to than 50%. 25. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein a bending radius of the transition section is not greater than 10 mm. 26. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein an axial length of the transition section is not greater than ¾ of the total length of the first tube body. 27. The tube stent of claim 23, the first tube body further comprising a covering film and a bare stent connected with the covering film, the covering film comprises a first covering film arranged on the first section, a second covering film arranged on the second section and a third covering film arranged on the transition section, and the bare stent comprises a first radial supporting structure arranged on the first section, a second radial supporting structure arranged on the second section and a third radial supporting structure arranged on the transition section, the first radial supporting structure is connected with the first covering film, the second radial supporting structure is connected with the second covering film, and the third radial supporting structure is connected with the third covering film. 28. The tube stent of claim 27, wherein the second covering film at one end, far away from the transition section, of the second section is provided with a hollow structure. 29. The tube stent of claim 27, the third covering film comprising a third inner film and a plurality of third outer films attached to the third inner film, a length of the third inner film in the axial direction of the third radial supporting structure is greater than a length of the third outer film in the axial direction of the third radial supporting structure, the third radial supporting structure comprises a plurality of third wavy rings sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the first tube body, the third wavy rings comprise crests, troughs, and rod bodies each connecting two adjacent crest and trough, the rod bodies of the third wavy rings are clamped between the third inner film and the third outer films, and the crests or the troughs of the third wavy rings are exposed outside. 30. The tube stent of claim 29, wherein the third outer films cover the rod bodies of the third wavy rings in circumferential directions of the third wavy rings, and expose the crests and the troughs of the third wavy rings. 31. The tube stent of claim 29, wherein an angle between an extension direction of the third outer film and an axial direction of the transition section is not greater than 65°. 32. The tube stent of claim 31, wherein a width of each portion of the third outer film is equal, and a width of the third outer film in the axial direction of the third section is ⅓ to ½ of a height in the axial direction of the third section between the crest and the trough of the third wavy ring. 33. The tube stent of claim 30, wherein a plurality of the third wavy rings are connected in an axial direction to form a mesh structure, and the crests and the troughs of two adjacent third wavy rings are arranged opposite to each other and are buckled with each other to form an interlocking structure. 34. The tube stent of claim 23, wherein the diameter of one end, close to the transition section, of the second section is greater than the diameter of one end, far away from the transition section, of the second section. | 3,600 |
338,726 | 16,641,749 | 3,614 | A wound irrigation system includes a first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions; and a second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound, the second fluid housed separately from the first fluid. Mixing the first and second fluids in a charging area forms an ionically charged fluid with an oxidation-reduction potential higher than a wound site oxidation-potential. The ionically charged fluid increases antimicrobial activity of the wound upon application. | 1. A method for irrigating a wound, the method comprising:
keeping a first fluid separate from a second fluid in a container, the first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions, and the second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound; mixing the first fluid with the second fluid in a fluid charging portion of the container to form an ionically charged fluid; and applying the ionically charged fluid to the found to increase antimicrobial activity at the wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fluid includes a source of zinc ions, silver ions, copper ions, or a mixture thereof, and the second fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fluid and/or second fluid further include an antibiotic compound, an antiseptic compound, or both. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising keeping a third fluid having antiseptic and/or antibiotic properties separate from the first and second fluids, and mixing the third fluid in the fluid charging portion with the first and second fluids to form the ionically charged fluid. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the antiseptic includes chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, or a mixture thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the ionically charged fluid includes delivering the ionically charged fluid to the wound via an irrigator sleeve configured to at least partially enclose the wound. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein mixing the first fluid and the second fluid includes actuating a release to combine the first and second fluids in the fluid charging portion. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein actuating the release includes creating a vacuum in the container to draw the first and second fluids into the fluid charging portion. 9. An infection suppression method comprising:
separately housing an ion-rich fluid having free available ions and an oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid; and suppressing infectious activity by applying a mixture of the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluids at a potential infection site to increase an oxidation-reduction potential of the potential infection site and reduce bacterial proliferation. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the ion-rich fluid includes a source of zinc ions, copper ions, silver ions, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the mixture includes delivering the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid separately to the potential infection site to form a charged fluid at the potential infection site. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein applying a mixture includes delivering the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid to a charging portion to form the mixture, and releasing the mixture onto the potential infection site. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the mixture further includes an antiseptic fluid, an antibacterial fluid, a vitamin-rich fluid, a protein, or mixtures thereof. 15. A wound irrigation system comprising:
a first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions; and a second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound, the second fluid housed separately from the first fluid, wherein mixing the first and second fluids in a charging area forms an ionically charged fluid with an oxidation-reduction potential higher than a wound site oxidation-potential, and wherein the ionically charged fluid increases the wound site oxidation-potential upon application. 16. The wound irrigation system of claim 15, wherein the first fluid includes a source of zinc ions, copper ions, silver ions, or a mixture thereof, and the second fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 17. The would irrigation system of claim 15, wherein the first fluid, the second fluid, or both, include an antiseptic compound, antibiotic compound, a vitamin-rich compound, a protein, or a mixture thereof. 18. The wound irrigation system of claim 15, further comprising a third fluid housed separate from the first and second fluids and including an antiseptic compound, antibiotic compound, a vitamin-rich compound, a protein, or a mixture thereof, wherein mixing the first, second, and third fluids in a charging area forms the ionically charged fluid. 19. The wound irrigation system of claim 17, wherein the antiseptic compound includes chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, or a mixture thereof. 20. The wound irrigation system of claim 17, wherein the vitamin-rich compound includes Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1-6, Vitamin B12, or mixtures thereof. | A wound irrigation system includes a first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions; and a second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound, the second fluid housed separately from the first fluid. Mixing the first and second fluids in a charging area forms an ionically charged fluid with an oxidation-reduction potential higher than a wound site oxidation-potential. The ionically charged fluid increases antimicrobial activity of the wound upon application.1. A method for irrigating a wound, the method comprising:
keeping a first fluid separate from a second fluid in a container, the first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions, and the second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound; mixing the first fluid with the second fluid in a fluid charging portion of the container to form an ionically charged fluid; and applying the ionically charged fluid to the found to increase antimicrobial activity at the wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fluid includes a source of zinc ions, silver ions, copper ions, or a mixture thereof, and the second fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fluid and/or second fluid further include an antibiotic compound, an antiseptic compound, or both. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising keeping a third fluid having antiseptic and/or antibiotic properties separate from the first and second fluids, and mixing the third fluid in the fluid charging portion with the first and second fluids to form the ionically charged fluid. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the antiseptic includes chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, or a mixture thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the ionically charged fluid includes delivering the ionically charged fluid to the wound via an irrigator sleeve configured to at least partially enclose the wound. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein mixing the first fluid and the second fluid includes actuating a release to combine the first and second fluids in the fluid charging portion. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein actuating the release includes creating a vacuum in the container to draw the first and second fluids into the fluid charging portion. 9. An infection suppression method comprising:
separately housing an ion-rich fluid having free available ions and an oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid; and suppressing infectious activity by applying a mixture of the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluids at a potential infection site to increase an oxidation-reduction potential of the potential infection site and reduce bacterial proliferation. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the ion-rich fluid includes a source of zinc ions, copper ions, silver ions, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the mixture includes delivering the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid separately to the potential infection site to form a charged fluid at the potential infection site. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein applying a mixture includes delivering the ion-rich fluid and oxidation-reduction potential increasing fluid to a charging portion to form the mixture, and releasing the mixture onto the potential infection site. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the mixture further includes an antiseptic fluid, an antibacterial fluid, a vitamin-rich fluid, a protein, or mixtures thereof. 15. A wound irrigation system comprising:
a first fluid including an ion rich compound having free available ions; and a second fluid including an oxidation-reduction potential increasing compound, the second fluid housed separately from the first fluid, wherein mixing the first and second fluids in a charging area forms an ionically charged fluid with an oxidation-reduction potential higher than a wound site oxidation-potential, and wherein the ionically charged fluid increases the wound site oxidation-potential upon application. 16. The wound irrigation system of claim 15, wherein the first fluid includes a source of zinc ions, copper ions, silver ions, or a mixture thereof, and the second fluid includes a source of chlorite ions. 17. The would irrigation system of claim 15, wherein the first fluid, the second fluid, or both, include an antiseptic compound, antibiotic compound, a vitamin-rich compound, a protein, or a mixture thereof. 18. The wound irrigation system of claim 15, further comprising a third fluid housed separate from the first and second fluids and including an antiseptic compound, antibiotic compound, a vitamin-rich compound, a protein, or a mixture thereof, wherein mixing the first, second, and third fluids in a charging area forms the ionically charged fluid. 19. The wound irrigation system of claim 17, wherein the antiseptic compound includes chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, or a mixture thereof. 20. The wound irrigation system of claim 17, wherein the vitamin-rich compound includes Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1-6, Vitamin B12, or mixtures thereof. | 3,600 |
338,727 | 16,641,752 | 3,614 | An aqueous polymer composition comprising an acetoacetoxy functional polymer, a metal pyrithione compound, and TEMPO and/or its derivative, showing less yellowing. | 1. An aqueous polymer composition, comprising,
(a) an acetoacetoxy functional polymer, (b) a metal pyrithione compound, and (c) from 0.005% to 1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 2. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein TEMPO and/or the derivative thereof have the structure of formula (II), 3. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof are selected from the group consisting of TEMPO, 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, 4-methyl-TEMPO, 4-methoxy-TEMPO, and 4-ethyl-TEMPO. 4. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the metal pyrithione compound is present in an amount of from 0.001% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 5. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the metal pyrithione compound is zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, or a mixture thereof. 6. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the acetoacetoxy functional polymer comprises, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.05% to 10% by weight of structural units of an acetoacetoxy functional monomer. 7. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 6, wherein the acetoacetoxy functional monomer is selected from the group consisting of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate, allyl acetoacetate, acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate, and 2,3-di(acetoacetoxy)propyl methacrylate. 8. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, comprising from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 9. A method for reducing yellowing of an aqueous coating composition comprising an acetoacetoxy functional polymer and a metal pyrithione compound, comprising:
adding from 0.005% to 1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof into the aqueous coating composition, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition and TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof. | An aqueous polymer composition comprising an acetoacetoxy functional polymer, a metal pyrithione compound, and TEMPO and/or its derivative, showing less yellowing.1. An aqueous polymer composition, comprising,
(a) an acetoacetoxy functional polymer, (b) a metal pyrithione compound, and (c) from 0.005% to 1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 2. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein TEMPO and/or the derivative thereof have the structure of formula (II), 3. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof are selected from the group consisting of TEMPO, 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, 4-methyl-TEMPO, 4-methoxy-TEMPO, and 4-ethyl-TEMPO. 4. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the metal pyrithione compound is present in an amount of from 0.001% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 5. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the metal pyrithione compound is zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, or a mixture thereof. 6. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the acetoacetoxy functional polymer comprises, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.05% to 10% by weight of structural units of an acetoacetoxy functional monomer. 7. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 6, wherein the acetoacetoxy functional monomer is selected from the group consisting of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate, allyl acetoacetate, acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate, and 2,3-di(acetoacetoxy)propyl methacrylate. 8. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, comprising from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition. 9. A method for reducing yellowing of an aqueous coating composition comprising an acetoacetoxy functional polymer and a metal pyrithione compound, comprising:
adding from 0.005% to 1% by weight of TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof into the aqueous coating composition, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition and TEMPO and/or a derivative thereof. | 3,600 |
338,728 | 16,641,746 | 3,614 | Provided is a vehicle control device configured to suppress power to be consumed by an arithmetic device while the vehicle operation is stopped, and to diagnose the operation frequency of the timer for abnormality. The vehicle control device of the present invention allows the bandpass filter to convert the operation frequency of the timer into the voltage value. The holding circuit holds the value corresponding to the converted voltage value. The arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated using the voltage value held in the holding circuit. | 1. A vehicle control device for controlling operations of a vehicle, comprising:
a timer that starts counting when power supply to the vehicle control device is shut off; a bandpass filter that passes an electric signal in a predetermined frequency band; a holding circuit that holds a voltage corresponding to the electric signal output from the bandpass filter; an arithmetic device that diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated; and a power supply circuit that supplies power to the arithmetic device, wherein: the timer is configured to output a reference clock signal to the bandpass filter as a reference to an operation frequency of the timer at a predetermined frequency in response to start of counting, and to output a start signal when counting is continued to reach a predetermined number of counts; the power supply circuit starts power supply to the arithmetic device when the timer outputs the start signal; and the arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated using the voltage held in the holding circuit in response to reception of the power from the power supply circuit. 2. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein if a frequency of the reference clock signal deviates from a range of the frequency band, the bandpass filter is configured to output a voltage lower than a voltage in a state where the frequency of the reference clock signal is in the range of the frequency band. 3. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit holds a maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter; if the voltage held in the holding circuit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and if the voltage is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 4. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein:
when the power from the power supply circuit is received, the arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not an evaporation purge system of the vehicle has been normally operated; and when the diagnosis is completed, the arithmetic device is shut down. 5. The vehicle control device according to claim 4, wherein:
when a determination is made that the timer has been normally operated, the arithmetic device diagnoses the evaporation purge system; and when a determination is made that the timer has not been normally operated, the arithmetic device does not diagnose the evaporation purge system. 6. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit is configured to accumulate a charge using the electric signal output from the bandpass filter, and to hold the voltage corresponding to the charge; and when the voltage held in the holding circuit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and when the voltage held in the holding circuit is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 7. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit is configured to store a value indicating whether or not a maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value; if the holding circuit stores the value indicating that the maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and if the holding circuit stores the value indicating that the maximum value is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 8. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein:
the power supply circuit further includes a relay that allows supply and shut-off of the power fed from outside the vehicle control device; the timer turns the relay ON by outputting the start signal to the relay; and when the relay is turned ON in response to the start signal, the power fed from outside the vehicle control device is supplied to the arithmetic device. | Provided is a vehicle control device configured to suppress power to be consumed by an arithmetic device while the vehicle operation is stopped, and to diagnose the operation frequency of the timer for abnormality. The vehicle control device of the present invention allows the bandpass filter to convert the operation frequency of the timer into the voltage value. The holding circuit holds the value corresponding to the converted voltage value. The arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated using the voltage value held in the holding circuit.1. A vehicle control device for controlling operations of a vehicle, comprising:
a timer that starts counting when power supply to the vehicle control device is shut off; a bandpass filter that passes an electric signal in a predetermined frequency band; a holding circuit that holds a voltage corresponding to the electric signal output from the bandpass filter; an arithmetic device that diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated; and a power supply circuit that supplies power to the arithmetic device, wherein: the timer is configured to output a reference clock signal to the bandpass filter as a reference to an operation frequency of the timer at a predetermined frequency in response to start of counting, and to output a start signal when counting is continued to reach a predetermined number of counts; the power supply circuit starts power supply to the arithmetic device when the timer outputs the start signal; and the arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated using the voltage held in the holding circuit in response to reception of the power from the power supply circuit. 2. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein if a frequency of the reference clock signal deviates from a range of the frequency band, the bandpass filter is configured to output a voltage lower than a voltage in a state where the frequency of the reference clock signal is in the range of the frequency band. 3. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit holds a maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter; if the voltage held in the holding circuit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and if the voltage is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 4. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein:
when the power from the power supply circuit is received, the arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not an evaporation purge system of the vehicle has been normally operated; and when the diagnosis is completed, the arithmetic device is shut down. 5. The vehicle control device according to claim 4, wherein:
when a determination is made that the timer has been normally operated, the arithmetic device diagnoses the evaporation purge system; and when a determination is made that the timer has not been normally operated, the arithmetic device does not diagnose the evaporation purge system. 6. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit is configured to accumulate a charge using the electric signal output from the bandpass filter, and to hold the voltage corresponding to the charge; and when the voltage held in the holding circuit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and when the voltage held in the holding circuit is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 7. The vehicle control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the holding circuit is configured to store a value indicating whether or not a maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value; if the holding circuit stores the value indicating that the maximum value of the voltage output from the bandpass filter is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has been normally operated; and if the holding circuit stores the value indicating that the maximum value is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the arithmetic device determines that the timer has not been normally operated. 8. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein:
the power supply circuit further includes a relay that allows supply and shut-off of the power fed from outside the vehicle control device; the timer turns the relay ON by outputting the start signal to the relay; and when the relay is turned ON in response to the start signal, the power fed from outside the vehicle control device is supplied to the arithmetic device. | 3,600 |
338,729 | 16,641,799 | 3,614 | An organic molecule is disclosed having a structure of Formula I: | 1. An organic molecule having a structure of Formula 2. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1, R2, R3, RI, RII, RIII, RIV, RV and RVI are independently from selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 3. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R2, R4, RI, RII, RIII, RV, and RVI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and R3, RII, and RV is independently from another selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 4. The organic molecule according to claim 3, wherein R2, R4, RI, RII, RIII, RIV, and RVI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph;
R3, RII and RV is independently from another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu,
Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, tBu, and Ph and N(Ph)2. 5. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1 is C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph. 6. The organic molecule according to claim 5, wherein R1 is phenyl or mesityl. 7. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of one of Formulas II to XXI: 8.-13. (canceled) 14. A composition comprising:
(a) at least one organic molecule according to claim 1 as an emitter and/or host; (b) one or more emitter and/or host materials different from the at least one organic molecule according to claim 1, and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more solvents. 15. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 16. The optoelectronic device according to claim 15, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 17. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 18. The optoelectronic device according to claim 17, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 19. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 20. The optoelectronic device according to claim 19, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 21. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 22. The optoelectronic device according to claim 21, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 23. An optoelectronic device comprising the composition according to claim 14, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 24. The optoelectronic device according to claim 23, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the composition. 25. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the organic molecule according to claim 1 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. 26. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the composition according to claim 14 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. | An organic molecule is disclosed having a structure of Formula I:1. An organic molecule having a structure of Formula 2. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1, R2, R3, RI, RII, RIII, RIV, RV and RVI are independently from selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 3. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R2, R4, RI, RII, RIII, RV, and RVI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and R3, RII, and RV is independently from another selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 4. The organic molecule according to claim 3, wherein R2, R4, RI, RII, RIII, RIV, and RVI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph;
R3, RII and RV is independently from another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu,
Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, tBu, and Ph and N(Ph)2. 5. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1 is C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph. 6. The organic molecule according to claim 5, wherein R1 is phenyl or mesityl. 7. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of one of Formulas II to XXI: 8.-13. (canceled) 14. A composition comprising:
(a) at least one organic molecule according to claim 1 as an emitter and/or host; (b) one or more emitter and/or host materials different from the at least one organic molecule according to claim 1, and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more solvents. 15. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 16. The optoelectronic device according to claim 15, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 17. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 18. The optoelectronic device according to claim 17, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 19. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 20. The optoelectronic device according to claim 19, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 21. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 22. The optoelectronic device according to claim 21, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 23. An optoelectronic device comprising the composition according to claim 14, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 24. The optoelectronic device according to claim 23, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the composition. 25. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the organic molecule according to claim 1 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. 26. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the composition according to claim 14 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. | 3,600 |
338,730 | 16,641,748 | 3,614 | A substance dispense system is provided for a biological sample analysis instrument. The substance dispense system can operate to prepare a fluidic substance, such as a sample, using a dispense tip in different operational modes based on the volume of the fluid substance to be prepared. The substance dispense system thereby improves accuracy and/or precision in pipetting with the dispense tip. | 1. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
dispensing the second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein rinsing the dispense tip (120) includes:
aspirating a third volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a fourth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
dispensing the third volume of the fluidic substance (112); and again aspirating the third volume of the fluidic substance (112) fluidic substance (112). 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: repeating the steps of dispensing and aspirating the third volume. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the third volume and the fourth volume are equal. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the dispense tip (120) includes a disposable dispense tip (120). 7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second vessel includes a dilution vessel (132). 8. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
aspirating a fifth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a sixth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the first vessel to contain the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) in the dispense tip (120). 11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first volume is less than 25 μL. 12. The method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the first volume is less than 20 μL. 13. The method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the first volume is less than 30 μL. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the sixth volume is greater than the fifth volume. 15. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first volume is equal to the second volume. 16. The method according to any of claims 1-6 and 10-15, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130) containing an aliquoted volume of fluidic substance (112), and the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 17. The method according to any of claims 1-8 and 10-15, wherein the first vessel includes a sample tube (122). 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 19. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising:
prior to aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112), determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) contained in the first vessel. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the first vessel; detecting a pressure increase at a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and calculating the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the pressure increase. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein calculating a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
determining a travel distance of the dispense tip (120) until the pressure increase is detected; and calculating the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the travel distance. 22. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
prior to detecting a pressure increase, ejecting air from the dispense tip (120); and
after detecting the pressure increase and prior to aspirating a first volume, equalizing a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein equalizing a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere includes:
opening a valve (168) arranged between the dispense tip (120) and a syringe assembly (164). 24. The method of any of claims 20-23, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
determining that the pressure increase is greater than a threshold value. 25. An apparatus for dispensing a fluidic substance (112), comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and
dispense a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
dispensing the second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a third volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispense a fourth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
dispense the third volume of the fluidic substance (112); and again aspirate the third volume of the fluidic substance (112). 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
repeat the steps of dispensing and aspirating the third volume. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the third volume and the fourth volume are equal. 30. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-29, wherein the dispense tip (120) includes a disposable dispense tip (120). 31. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30, wherein the second vessel includes a dilution vessel (132). 32. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30, wherein the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 33. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-32, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 34. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-33, wherein the dispense control system controls the pipetting system (104) to aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) by:
aspirating a fifth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a sixth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the first vessel to contain the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) in the dispense tip (120). 35. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 25 μL. 36. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 20 μL. 37. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 30 μL. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the sixth volume is greater than the fifth volume. 39. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-38, wherein the first volume is equal to the second volume. 40. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30 and 34-38, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130) containing an aliquoted volume of fluidic substance (112), and the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 41. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-32 and 34-40, wherein the first vessel includes a sample tube (122). 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the second vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 43. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-42, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
prior to aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112), determine a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) contained in the first vessel. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
lower the dispense tip (120) into the first vessel; detect a pressure increase at a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and calculate the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the pressure increase. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
determine a travel distance of the dispense tip (120) until the pressure increase is detected; and calculate the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the travel distance. 46. The apparatus of claim 44 or 45, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
prior to detecting a pressure increase, eject air from the dispense tip (120); and
after detecting the pressure increase and prior to aspirating a first volume, equalize a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere. 47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to equalize a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere by:
opening a valve (168) arranged between the dispense tip (120) and a syringe assembly (164). 48. The method of any of claims 44-47, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
determine that the pressure increase is greater than a threshold value. 49. A method for preparing a sample for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a volume of a sample from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and diluting the sample by:
dispensing the volume of the sample from the dispense tip (120) to a dilution vessel (132), the dilution vessel (132) containing a diluent; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of a fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132), the fluidic substance (112) containing the sample and the diluent. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein rinsing the dispense tip (120) includes:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the dilution vessel (132). 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising:
repeating the steps of aspirating the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) and dispensing the first volume of fluidic substance (112). 52. The method of any of claims 49-51, further comprising:
after diluting the sample, aspirating only a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); moving the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel; and dispensing at least a portion of the aspirated fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 53. An apparatus for preparing a substance for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a volume of a sample from a first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and
dilute the sample by:
dispensing the volume of the sample from the dispense tip (120) to a dilution vessel (132), the dilution vessel (132) containing a diluent; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of a fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132), the fluidic substance (112) containing the sample and the diluent. 54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); and dispense the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the dilution vessel (132). 55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
repeat the steps of aspirating the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) and dispensing the first volume of fluidic substance (112). 56. The apparatus of any of claims 53-55, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
after diluting the sample, aspirate only a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); move the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel; and dispense at least a portion of the aspirated fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 57. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the second vessel at a first height, the first height configured such that a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) remains above a surface level in the second vessel after dispensation;
dispensing the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
lowering the dispense tip (120) to a second height, the second height configured such that the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) touches the surface level in the second vessel after the dispensation. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
detecting, using a sensor, whether the fluidic substance (112) in the second vessel contacts the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and transmitting a signal from the sensor to a control device, the signal usable by the control device to stop moving the dispense tip (120). 59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume. 60. The method of any of claims 57-59, wherein the second volume is greater than 25 μL. 61. An apparatus for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and
dispense a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the second vessel at a first height, the first height configured such that a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) remains above a surface level in the second vessel after dispensation;
dispensing the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
lowering the dispense tip (120) to a second height, the second height configured such that the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) touches the surface level in the second vessel after the dispensation. 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
detect, using a sensor, whether the fluidic substance (112) in the second vessel contacts the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and transmit a signal from the sensor to a control device, the signal usable by the control device to stop moving the dispense tip (120). 63. The apparatus of claim 61 or 62, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume. 64. The apparatus of any of claims 61-63 wherein the second volume is greater than 25 μL. 65. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
determining a volume of a fluidic substance (112) being dispensed to a vessel; upon determining that the volume is less than a reference value, dispensing the fluidic substance (112) to a vessel in a first operational mode; and upon determining that the volume is not less than the reference value, dispensing the fluidic substance (112) to the vessel in a second operational mode. 66. An apparatus for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
determine a volume of a fluidic substance (112) being dispensed to a vessel;
upon determining that the volume is less than a reference value, dispense the fluidic substance (112) to a vessel in a first operational mode; and
upon determining that the volume is not less than the reference value, dispense the fluidic substance (112) to the vessel in a second operational mode. | A substance dispense system is provided for a biological sample analysis instrument. The substance dispense system can operate to prepare a fluidic substance, such as a sample, using a dispense tip in different operational modes based on the volume of the fluid substance to be prepared. The substance dispense system thereby improves accuracy and/or precision in pipetting with the dispense tip.1. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
dispensing the second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein rinsing the dispense tip (120) includes:
aspirating a third volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a fourth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
dispensing the third volume of the fluidic substance (112); and again aspirating the third volume of the fluidic substance (112) fluidic substance (112). 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: repeating the steps of dispensing and aspirating the third volume. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the third volume and the fourth volume are equal. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the dispense tip (120) includes a disposable dispense tip (120). 7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second vessel includes a dilution vessel (132). 8. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
aspirating a fifth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a sixth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the first vessel to contain the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) in the dispense tip (120). 11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first volume is less than 25 μL. 12. The method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the first volume is less than 20 μL. 13. The method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the first volume is less than 30 μL. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the sixth volume is greater than the fifth volume. 15. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first volume is equal to the second volume. 16. The method according to any of claims 1-6 and 10-15, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130) containing an aliquoted volume of fluidic substance (112), and the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 17. The method according to any of claims 1-8 and 10-15, wherein the first vessel includes a sample tube (122). 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 19. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising:
prior to aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112), determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) contained in the first vessel. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the first vessel; detecting a pressure increase at a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and calculating the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the pressure increase. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein calculating a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) includes:
determining a travel distance of the dispense tip (120) until the pressure increase is detected; and calculating the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the travel distance. 22. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
prior to detecting a pressure increase, ejecting air from the dispense tip (120); and
after detecting the pressure increase and prior to aspirating a first volume, equalizing a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein equalizing a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere includes:
opening a valve (168) arranged between the dispense tip (120) and a syringe assembly (164). 24. The method of any of claims 20-23, wherein determining a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
determining that the pressure increase is greater than a threshold value. 25. An apparatus for dispensing a fluidic substance (112), comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and
dispense a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
dispensing the second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a third volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the second vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispense a fourth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
dispense the third volume of the fluidic substance (112); and again aspirate the third volume of the fluidic substance (112). 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
repeat the steps of dispensing and aspirating the third volume. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the third volume and the fourth volume are equal. 30. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-29, wherein the dispense tip (120) includes a disposable dispense tip (120). 31. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30, wherein the second vessel includes a dilution vessel (132). 32. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30, wherein the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 33. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-32, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 34. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-33, wherein the dispense control system controls the pipetting system (104) to aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) by:
aspirating a fifth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing a sixth volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the first vessel to contain the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) in the dispense tip (120). 35. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 25 μL. 36. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 20 μL. 37. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-34, wherein the first volume is less than 30 μL. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the sixth volume is greater than the fifth volume. 39. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-38, wherein the first volume is equal to the second volume. 40. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-30 and 34-38, wherein the first vessel includes a sample vessel (130) containing an aliquoted volume of fluidic substance (112), and the second vessel includes a reaction vessel (134). 41. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-32 and 34-40, wherein the first vessel includes a sample tube (122). 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the second vessel includes a sample vessel (130). 43. The apparatus according to any of claims 25-42, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
prior to aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112), determine a surface level of the fluidic substance (112) contained in the first vessel. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
lower the dispense tip (120) into the first vessel; detect a pressure increase at a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and calculate the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the pressure increase. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
determine a travel distance of the dispense tip (120) until the pressure increase is detected; and calculate the surface level of the fluidic substance (112) based on the travel distance. 46. The apparatus of claim 44 or 45, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
prior to detecting a pressure increase, eject air from the dispense tip (120); and
after detecting the pressure increase and prior to aspirating a first volume, equalize a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere. 47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to equalize a pressure inside the dispense tip (120) with the atmosphere by:
opening a valve (168) arranged between the dispense tip (120) and a syringe assembly (164). 48. The method of any of claims 44-47, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
determine that the pressure increase is greater than a threshold value. 49. A method for preparing a sample for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a volume of a sample from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and diluting the sample by:
dispensing the volume of the sample from the dispense tip (120) to a dilution vessel (132), the dilution vessel (132) containing a diluent; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of a fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132), the fluidic substance (112) containing the sample and the diluent. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein rinsing the dispense tip (120) includes:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); and dispensing the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the dilution vessel (132). 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising:
repeating the steps of aspirating the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) and dispensing the first volume of fluidic substance (112). 52. The method of any of claims 49-51, further comprising:
after diluting the sample, aspirating only a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); moving the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel; and dispensing at least a portion of the aspirated fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 53. An apparatus for preparing a substance for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a volume of a sample from a first vessel to the dispense tip (120); and
dilute the sample by:
dispensing the volume of the sample from the dispense tip (120) to a dilution vessel (132), the dilution vessel (132) containing a diluent; and
rinsing the dispense tip (120) using at least a portion of a fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132), the fluidic substance (112) containing the sample and the diluent. 54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); and dispense the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the dilution vessel (132). 55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
repeat the steps of aspirating the first volume of the fluidic substance (112) and dispensing the first volume of fluidic substance (112). 56. The apparatus of any of claims 53-55, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
after diluting the sample, aspirate only a portion of the fluidic substance (112) from the dilution vessel (132) to the dispense tip (120); move the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel; and dispense at least a portion of the aspirated fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel. 57. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
aspirating a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the second vessel at a first height, the first height configured such that a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) remains above a surface level in the second vessel after dispensation;
dispensing the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
lowering the dispense tip (120) to a second height, the second height configured such that the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) touches the surface level in the second vessel after the dispensation. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein dispensing a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) further includes:
detecting, using a sensor, whether the fluidic substance (112) in the second vessel contacts the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and transmitting a signal from the sensor to a control device, the signal usable by the control device to stop moving the dispense tip (120). 59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume. 60. The method of any of claims 57-59, wherein the second volume is greater than 25 μL. 61. An apparatus for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
aspirate a first volume of the fluidic substance (112) from a first vessel to a dispense tip (120); and
dispense a second volume of the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to a second vessel by:
lowering the dispense tip (120) into the second vessel at a first height, the first height configured such that a distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) remains above a surface level in the second vessel after dispensation;
dispensing the fluidic substance (112) from the dispense tip (120) to the second vessel; and
lowering the dispense tip (120) to a second height, the second height configured such that the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120) touches the surface level in the second vessel after the dispensation. 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the dispense control system further controls the pipetting system (104) to:
detect, using a sensor, whether the fluidic substance (112) in the second vessel contacts the distal end (320) of the dispense tip (120); and transmit a signal from the sensor to a control device, the signal usable by the control device to stop moving the dispense tip (120). 63. The apparatus of claim 61 or 62, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume. 64. The apparatus of any of claims 61-63 wherein the second volume is greater than 25 μL. 65. A method for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, the method comprising:
determining a volume of a fluidic substance (112) being dispensed to a vessel; upon determining that the volume is less than a reference value, dispensing the fluidic substance (112) to a vessel in a first operational mode; and upon determining that the volume is not less than the reference value, dispensing the fluidic substance (112) to the vessel in a second operational mode. 66. An apparatus for preparing a fluidic substance (112) for evaluation, comprising:
a pipetting system (104) including a sample pipetting module (150), the sample pipetting module (150) configured to engage a dispense tip (120); and a dispense control system controlling the pipetting system (104) to:
determine a volume of a fluidic substance (112) being dispensed to a vessel;
upon determining that the volume is less than a reference value, dispense the fluidic substance (112) to a vessel in a first operational mode; and
upon determining that the volume is not less than the reference value, dispense the fluidic substance (112) to the vessel in a second operational mode. | 3,600 |
338,731 | 16,641,779 | 3,614 | There is provided a technique for transforming a confusion network to a representation that can be used as an input for machine learning. A confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence and an arc weight set sequence constituting the confusion network is included. The confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises: an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming an arc word included in the arc word set to a word distributed representation, obtains an arc word distributed representation set and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence; and an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence from the arc word distributed representation set sequence and the arc weight set sequence. | 1. A confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤N) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtains an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ΩT) and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 2. The confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a text transforming part that generates, from a word sequence w1, w2, . . . , wT, the arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network by the following formula:
W t=(w t)(1≤t≤T)
C t=(1)(1≤t≤T) [Formula 10] 3. A confusion network classification apparatus comprising:
a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn(1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; and a class label estimating part that estimates a class label showing a class of the confusion network, from the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT; wherein the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises: an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtains an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 4. The confusion network classification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part and the class label estimating part are configured as neural networks; and parameters of the neural network constituting the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part and parameters of the neural network constituting the class label estimating part are learned with the two neural networks as one neural network obtained by combining the two neural networks. 5. A confusion network distributed representation generation method comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step of, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, a confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus generating a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming step of, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtaining an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generating an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating step of generating the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 6. A confusion network classification method comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step of, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn, (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, a confusion network classification apparatus generating a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; and
a class label estimating step of the confusion network classification apparatus estimating a class label showing a class of the confusion network, from the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming step of, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtaining an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generating an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating step of generating the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 7. A program for causing a computer to function as the confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, or the confusion network classification apparatus according to claim 3 or 4. | There is provided a technique for transforming a confusion network to a representation that can be used as an input for machine learning. A confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence and an arc weight set sequence constituting the confusion network is included. The confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises: an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming an arc word included in the arc word set to a word distributed representation, obtains an arc word distributed representation set and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence; and an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence from the arc word distributed representation set sequence and the arc weight set sequence.1. A confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤N) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtains an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ΩT) and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 2. The confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a text transforming part that generates, from a word sequence w1, w2, . . . , wT, the arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network by the following formula:
W t=(w t)(1≤t≤T)
C t=(1)(1≤t≤T) [Formula 10] 3. A confusion network classification apparatus comprising:
a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part that, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn(1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, generates a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; and a class label estimating part that estimates a class label showing a class of the confusion network, from the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT; wherein the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part comprises: an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming part that, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtains an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generates an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating part that generates the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 4. The confusion network classification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part and the class label estimating part are configured as neural networks; and parameters of the neural network constituting the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating part and parameters of the neural network constituting the class label estimating part are learned with the two neural networks as one neural network obtained by combining the two neural networks. 5. A confusion network distributed representation generation method comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step of, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, a confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus generating a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming step of, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtaining an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generating an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating step of generating the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 6. A confusion network classification method comprising a confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step of, when T is assumed to be an integer equal to or larger than 1, and Wt=(wt1, wt2, . . . , wtN_t) (1≤t≤T) and Ct=(ct1, ct2, . . . , ctN_t) (1≤t≤T) are assumed to be a t-th arc word set constituting a confusion network (wherein wtn (1≤n≤Nt; Nt is an integer equal to or larger than 1) denotes an arc word included in the arc word set Wt) and a t-th arc weight set constituting the confusion network (wherein ctn, (1≤n≤Nt) denotes an arc weight corresponding to the arc word wtn), respectively, a confusion network classification apparatus generating a confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT, which is a vector sequence, from an arc word set sequence W1, W2, . . . , WT and an arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT constituting the confusion network; and
a class label estimating step of the confusion network classification apparatus estimating a class label showing a class of the confusion network, from the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT; wherein
the confusion network distributed representation sequence generating step comprises:
an arc word distributed representation set sequence transforming step of, by transforming the arc word wtn included in the arc word set Wt to a word distributed representation ωtn, obtaining an arc word distributed representation set Ωt=(ωt1, ωt2, . . . , ωtN_t) and generating an arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT; and
an arc word distributed representation set weighting/integrating step of generating the confusion network distributed representation sequence U1, U2, . . . , UT from the arc word distributed representation set sequence Ω1, Ω2, . . . , ΩT and the arc weight set sequence C1, C2, . . . , CT. 7. A program for causing a computer to function as the confusion network distributed representation generation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, or the confusion network classification apparatus according to claim 3 or 4. | 3,600 |
338,732 | 16,641,747 | 3,614 | The present invention relates to a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for the transdermal administration of rivastigmine comprising a rivastigmine-containing layer structure, said rivastigmine-containing layer structure comprising: A) a backing layer; and B) a rivastigmine-containing layer. | 1. Transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of rivastigmine comprising a rivastigmine-containing layer structure, said rivastigmine-containing layer structure comprising:
A) a backing layer; and B) a rivastigmine-containing layer; 2. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 1,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer is a rivastigmine-containing matrix layer comprising:
1. rivastigmine; and
2. the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer. 3. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claim 1 or 2,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer structure is a rivastigmine-containing self-adhesive layer structure and preferably does not comprise an additional skin contact layer. 4. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive. 5. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein the amount of rivastigmine contained in the rivastigmine-containing layer structure ranges from 0.5 to 5 mg/cm2, preferably from 1 to 3 mg/cm2. 6. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer comprises rivastigmine in an amount of from 5 to 30%, more preferably from 7 to 28%, most preferably from 10 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer, and/or
wherein the amount of the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer ranges from 35 to 95%, preferably from 40 to 93%, most preferably from 45 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer. 7. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer comprises a reaction product of a silicone polymer, a silicone resin and an acrylic polymer, wherein the acrylic polymer is covalently self-crosslinked and covalently bound to the silicone polymer and/or the silicone resin. 8. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive obtainable from
(a) a silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality. 9. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claim 1 to 6 or 8,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising the reaction product of
(a) a silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality;
(b) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and
(c) an initiator. 10. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 9,
wherein the reaction product of
(a) the silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality;
(b) the ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and
(c) the initiator;
contains a continuous, silicone external phase and a discontinuous, acrylic internal phase, or contains a continuous, acrylic external phase and a discontinuous, silicone internal phase. 11. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer in the rivastigmine-containing layer contains a continuous, silicone external phase and a discontinuous, acrylic internal phase, or a continuous, acrylic external phase and a discontinuous, silicone internal phase,
and wherein preferably the rivastigmine is present in the rivastigmine-containing layer in an amount of from 15 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer. 12. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer further comprises a non-hybrid polymer, which preferably is a pressure-sensitive adhesive based on polysiloxanes, acrylates, or polyisobutylenes, in particular based on polysiloxanes or acrylates 13. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 12,
wherein non-hybrid polymer is contained in the rivastigmine-containing layer in an amount of from 5 to 40%, preferably from 8 to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer and/or wherein the weight ratio of the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer to the non-hybrid polymer is from 8:1 to 1:2, preferably from 7:1 to 1:1. 14. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
wherein the area weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer ranges from 40 to 250 g/m2, preferably from 50 to 200 g/m2, and/or
wherein the area of release ranges from 1 to 30 cm2, preferably from 2 to 22 cm2. 15. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
wherein the transdermal therapeutic system provides by transdermal delivery a mean release rate of from 150 to 3500 μg/cm2, preferably from 200 to 3000 μg/cm2 rivastigmine over about 24 hours of administration. 16. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
wherein the transdermal therapeutic system provides by transdermal delivery at steady state a plasma concentration of rivastigmine of from 1 to 25 ng/ml, preferably from 1 to 20 ng/ml, and/or
having an AUC24h of about 10 to 450 ng*h/ml, preferably of about 20 to 340 ng*h/ml, after repeated once daily administration, and/or
having a Cmax of about 0.5 to 30 ng/ml, preferably of about 1 to 25 ng/ml, after applying the transdermal therapeutic system on the skin of the patient, and/or
having a tmax of about 3 to 15 hours, preferably of about 5 to 10 hours, after applying the transdermal therapeutic system on the skin of the patient. 17. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 for use in a method of treating a human patient, preferably
for use in a method of preventing, treating, or delaying of progression of Alzheimer's disease, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, and/or symptoms of traumatic brain injury, or for use in a method of treating mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. 18. A process for manufacturing a rivastigmine-containing layer for use in a transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 comprising the steps of:
1) combining at least the components
1. rivastigmine in an amount such that the amount of rivastigmine in the resulting rivastigmine-containing layer is from 10 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer;
2. a silicone acrylic hybrid polymer; and
3. optionally at least one additional non-hybrid polymer and/or additive;
to obtain a coating composition;
2) coating the coating composition onto the backing layer or release liner; and
3) drying the coated coating composition to form the rivastigmine-containing layer, wherein preferably the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is provided as a solution, wherein the solvent is ethyl acetate or n-heptane. | The present invention relates to a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for the transdermal administration of rivastigmine comprising a rivastigmine-containing layer structure, said rivastigmine-containing layer structure comprising: A) a backing layer; and B) a rivastigmine-containing layer.1. Transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of rivastigmine comprising a rivastigmine-containing layer structure, said rivastigmine-containing layer structure comprising:
A) a backing layer; and B) a rivastigmine-containing layer; 2. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 1,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer is a rivastigmine-containing matrix layer comprising:
1. rivastigmine; and
2. the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer. 3. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claim 1 or 2,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer structure is a rivastigmine-containing self-adhesive layer structure and preferably does not comprise an additional skin contact layer. 4. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive. 5. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein the amount of rivastigmine contained in the rivastigmine-containing layer structure ranges from 0.5 to 5 mg/cm2, preferably from 1 to 3 mg/cm2. 6. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer comprises rivastigmine in an amount of from 5 to 30%, more preferably from 7 to 28%, most preferably from 10 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer, and/or
wherein the amount of the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer ranges from 35 to 95%, preferably from 40 to 93%, most preferably from 45 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer. 7. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer comprises a reaction product of a silicone polymer, a silicone resin and an acrylic polymer, wherein the acrylic polymer is covalently self-crosslinked and covalently bound to the silicone polymer and/or the silicone resin. 8. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive obtainable from
(a) a silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality. 9. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claim 1 to 6 or 8,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is a silicone acrylic hybrid pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising the reaction product of
(a) a silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality;
(b) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and
(c) an initiator. 10. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 9,
wherein the reaction product of
(a) the silicon-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylate or methacrylate functionality;
(b) the ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and
(c) the initiator;
contains a continuous, silicone external phase and a discontinuous, acrylic internal phase, or contains a continuous, acrylic external phase and a discontinuous, silicone internal phase. 11. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
wherein the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer in the rivastigmine-containing layer contains a continuous, silicone external phase and a discontinuous, acrylic internal phase, or a continuous, acrylic external phase and a discontinuous, silicone internal phase,
and wherein preferably the rivastigmine is present in the rivastigmine-containing layer in an amount of from 15 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer. 12. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
wherein the rivastigmine-containing layer further comprises a non-hybrid polymer, which preferably is a pressure-sensitive adhesive based on polysiloxanes, acrylates, or polyisobutylenes, in particular based on polysiloxanes or acrylates 13. Transdermal therapeutic system according to claim 12,
wherein non-hybrid polymer is contained in the rivastigmine-containing layer in an amount of from 5 to 40%, preferably from 8 to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer and/or wherein the weight ratio of the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer to the non-hybrid polymer is from 8:1 to 1:2, preferably from 7:1 to 1:1. 14. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
wherein the area weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer ranges from 40 to 250 g/m2, preferably from 50 to 200 g/m2, and/or
wherein the area of release ranges from 1 to 30 cm2, preferably from 2 to 22 cm2. 15. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
wherein the transdermal therapeutic system provides by transdermal delivery a mean release rate of from 150 to 3500 μg/cm2, preferably from 200 to 3000 μg/cm2 rivastigmine over about 24 hours of administration. 16. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
wherein the transdermal therapeutic system provides by transdermal delivery at steady state a plasma concentration of rivastigmine of from 1 to 25 ng/ml, preferably from 1 to 20 ng/ml, and/or
having an AUC24h of about 10 to 450 ng*h/ml, preferably of about 20 to 340 ng*h/ml, after repeated once daily administration, and/or
having a Cmax of about 0.5 to 30 ng/ml, preferably of about 1 to 25 ng/ml, after applying the transdermal therapeutic system on the skin of the patient, and/or
having a tmax of about 3 to 15 hours, preferably of about 5 to 10 hours, after applying the transdermal therapeutic system on the skin of the patient. 17. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 for use in a method of treating a human patient, preferably
for use in a method of preventing, treating, or delaying of progression of Alzheimer's disease, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, and/or symptoms of traumatic brain injury, or for use in a method of treating mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. 18. A process for manufacturing a rivastigmine-containing layer for use in a transdermal therapeutic system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 comprising the steps of:
1) combining at least the components
1. rivastigmine in an amount such that the amount of rivastigmine in the resulting rivastigmine-containing layer is from 10 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the rivastigmine-containing layer;
2. a silicone acrylic hybrid polymer; and
3. optionally at least one additional non-hybrid polymer and/or additive;
to obtain a coating composition;
2) coating the coating composition onto the backing layer or release liner; and
3) drying the coated coating composition to form the rivastigmine-containing layer, wherein preferably the silicone acrylic hybrid polymer is provided as a solution, wherein the solvent is ethyl acetate or n-heptane. | 3,600 |
338,733 | 16,641,790 | 3,614 | The invention relates to a vaporiser assembly for use in a vapour provision system, wherein the vaporiser assembly comprises: a liquid transport element formed from cotton; and a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. | 1. A vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system, wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises:
a liquid transport element formed from cotton; and a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. 2. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance selected from the group consisting of: more than 1.32 ohms, more than 1.34 ohms, more than 1.36 ohms, and more than 1.38 ohms. 3. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance selected from the group consisting of: less than less than 1.5 ohms, less than 1.48 ohms, less than 1.46 ohms, less than 1.44 ohms, and less than 1.42 ohms. 4. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the coil has an outer diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 2.0 mm, more than 2.1 mm, more than 2.2 mm, more than 2.3 mm, and more than 2.4 mm, or the coil has an outer diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 3.0 mm, less than 2.9 mm, less than 2.8 mm, less than 2.7 mm, and less than 2.6 mm. 5. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the heating element extends along the liquid transport element for a distance selected from the group consisting of: more than 3 mm, more than 3.5 mm, more than 4 mm, and more than 4.5 mm, or the heating element extends along the liquid transport element for a distance selected from the group consisting of: less than 8 mm, less than 7.5 mm, less than 7 mm, less than 6.5 mm, less than 6 mm, and less than 5.5 mm. 6. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the liquid transport element has a length selected from the group consisting of: more than 10 mm, more than 12 mm, more than 14 mm, more than 16 mm, and more than 18 mm, or the liquid transport element has a length selected from the group consisting of: less than 30 mm, less than 28 mm, less than 26 mm, less than 24 mm, and less than 22 mm. 7. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the resistive wire comprising the coil has a diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.15 mm, more than 0.16 mm, more than 0.17 mm, and more than 0.18 mm, or the resistive wire comprising the coil has a diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 0.23 mm, less than 0.22 mm, less than 0.21 mm, and less than 0.19 mm. 8. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the coil comprises between 6 and 12 complete turns around the liquid transport element. 9. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the coil has a pitch selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.45 mm, more than 0.45 mm, more than 0.5 mm, and more than 0.55 mm, or the coil has a pitch selected from the group consisting of: less than 0.85 mm, less than 0.8 mm, less than 0.75 mm, less than 0.7 mm, and less than 0.65 mm. 10. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, further comprising first and second connection leads electrically connected to the coil. 11. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element comprises a cotton thread. 12. The vaporizer assembly of claim 11, wherein the liquid transport element comprises two or more cotton threads twisted together. 13. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has an uncompressed diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 2.7 mm, more than 2.8 mm, more than 2.9 mm, more than 3.0 mm, more than 3.1 mm, more than 3.2 mm, more than 3.3 mm, and more than 3.4 mm. 14. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has an uncompressed diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 4.5 mm, less than 4.4 mm, less than 4.3 mm, less than 4.2 mm, less than 4.1 mm, less than 4.0 mm, less than 3.9 mm, less than 3.8 mm, less than 3.7 mm, and less than 3.6 mm. 15. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the cotton comprising the liquid transport element comprises fibers having an average length selected from the group consisting of: more than 15 mm, more than 20 mm, more than 25 mm, and more than 30 mm. 16. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.5 g/m, more than 0.6 g/m, more than 0.7 g/m, more than 0.8 g/m, more than 0.9 g/m, more than 1.0 g/m, more than 1.1 g/m, more than 1.2 g/m, and more than 1.3 g/m. 17. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has a linear mass selected from within the group consisting of: less than 2.5 g/m, less than 2.4 g/m, less than 2.3 g/m, less than 2.2 g/m, less than 2.1 g/m, less than 2.0 g/m, less than 1.9 g/m, less than 1.8 g/m, less than 1.7 g/m, less than 1.6 g/m, and less than 1.5 g/m. 18. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein portion of the liquid transport element within the coil is compressed by the coil so a cross-sectional area of the portion of the liquid transport element is reduced by more than 25% compared to a cross-sectional area of an uncompressed liquid transport element. 19. An apparatus comprising:
the vaporizer assembly of claim 1; and a reservoir for source liquid, wherein the liquid transport element is arranged to draw source liquid from the reservoir to the heating element for heating to generate vapor for user inhalation. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is a cartridge for use in a vapor provision system. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is a vapor provision system and further comprises a controller and a battery, wherein the controller is configured to selectively control a supply of power from the battery to the vaporizer assembly. 22. Vaporizer assembly means for use in a vapor provision means, wherein the vaporizer assembly means comprises:
liquid transport means formed from cotton; and heating element means comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport means, wherein the heating element means has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. 23. A method of manufacturing a vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system, wherein the method comprises:
providing a liquid transport element; and forming a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. | The invention relates to a vaporiser assembly for use in a vapour provision system, wherein the vaporiser assembly comprises: a liquid transport element formed from cotton; and a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms.1. A vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system, wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises:
a liquid transport element formed from cotton; and a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. 2. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance selected from the group consisting of: more than 1.32 ohms, more than 1.34 ohms, more than 1.36 ohms, and more than 1.38 ohms. 3. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance selected from the group consisting of: less than less than 1.5 ohms, less than 1.48 ohms, less than 1.46 ohms, less than 1.44 ohms, and less than 1.42 ohms. 4. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the coil has an outer diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 2.0 mm, more than 2.1 mm, more than 2.2 mm, more than 2.3 mm, and more than 2.4 mm, or the coil has an outer diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 3.0 mm, less than 2.9 mm, less than 2.8 mm, less than 2.7 mm, and less than 2.6 mm. 5. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the heating element extends along the liquid transport element for a distance selected from the group consisting of: more than 3 mm, more than 3.5 mm, more than 4 mm, and more than 4.5 mm, or the heating element extends along the liquid transport element for a distance selected from the group consisting of: less than 8 mm, less than 7.5 mm, less than 7 mm, less than 6.5 mm, less than 6 mm, and less than 5.5 mm. 6. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the liquid transport element has a length selected from the group consisting of: more than 10 mm, more than 12 mm, more than 14 mm, more than 16 mm, and more than 18 mm, or the liquid transport element has a length selected from the group consisting of: less than 30 mm, less than 28 mm, less than 26 mm, less than 24 mm, and less than 22 mm. 7. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the resistive wire comprising the coil has a diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.15 mm, more than 0.16 mm, more than 0.17 mm, and more than 0.18 mm, or the resistive wire comprising the coil has a diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 0.23 mm, less than 0.22 mm, less than 0.21 mm, and less than 0.19 mm. 8. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the coil comprises between 6 and 12 complete turns around the liquid transport element. 9. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the coil has a pitch selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.45 mm, more than 0.45 mm, more than 0.5 mm, and more than 0.55 mm, or the coil has a pitch selected from the group consisting of: less than 0.85 mm, less than 0.8 mm, less than 0.75 mm, less than 0.7 mm, and less than 0.65 mm. 10. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, further comprising first and second connection leads electrically connected to the coil. 11. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element comprises a cotton thread. 12. The vaporizer assembly of claim 11, wherein the liquid transport element comprises two or more cotton threads twisted together. 13. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has an uncompressed diameter selected from the group consisting of: more than 2.7 mm, more than 2.8 mm, more than 2.9 mm, more than 3.0 mm, more than 3.1 mm, more than 3.2 mm, more than 3.3 mm, and more than 3.4 mm. 14. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has an uncompressed diameter selected from the group consisting of: less than 4.5 mm, less than 4.4 mm, less than 4.3 mm, less than 4.2 mm, less than 4.1 mm, less than 4.0 mm, less than 3.9 mm, less than 3.8 mm, less than 3.7 mm, and less than 3.6 mm. 15. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the cotton comprising the liquid transport element comprises fibers having an average length selected from the group consisting of: more than 15 mm, more than 20 mm, more than 25 mm, and more than 30 mm. 16. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of: more than 0.5 g/m, more than 0.6 g/m, more than 0.7 g/m, more than 0.8 g/m, more than 0.9 g/m, more than 1.0 g/m, more than 1.1 g/m, more than 1.2 g/m, and more than 1.3 g/m. 17. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the liquid transport element has a linear mass selected from within the group consisting of: less than 2.5 g/m, less than 2.4 g/m, less than 2.3 g/m, less than 2.2 g/m, less than 2.1 g/m, less than 2.0 g/m, less than 1.9 g/m, less than 1.8 g/m, less than 1.7 g/m, less than 1.6 g/m, and less than 1.5 g/m. 18. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein portion of the liquid transport element within the coil is compressed by the coil so a cross-sectional area of the portion of the liquid transport element is reduced by more than 25% compared to a cross-sectional area of an uncompressed liquid transport element. 19. An apparatus comprising:
the vaporizer assembly of claim 1; and a reservoir for source liquid, wherein the liquid transport element is arranged to draw source liquid from the reservoir to the heating element for heating to generate vapor for user inhalation. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is a cartridge for use in a vapor provision system. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is a vapor provision system and further comprises a controller and a battery, wherein the controller is configured to selectively control a supply of power from the battery to the vaporizer assembly. 22. Vaporizer assembly means for use in a vapor provision means, wherein the vaporizer assembly means comprises:
liquid transport means formed from cotton; and heating element means comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport means, wherein the heating element means has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. 23. A method of manufacturing a vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system, wherein the method comprises:
providing a liquid transport element; and forming a heating element comprising a coil of resistive wire around a portion of the liquid transport element, wherein the heating element has an electrical resistance of between 1.3 ohms and 1.5 ohms. | 3,600 |
338,734 | 16,641,791 | 3,614 | A thermoplastic resin composition according to the present invention comprises: a rubber-modified aromatic vinyl-based copolymer resin; an aliphatic polyamide resin; a poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; a modified polyolefin resin; and a heat resistant vinyl-based copolymer resin. The thermoplastic resin composition exhibits excellent anti-static properties, heat resistance and mechanical properties. | 1. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising:
a rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin; an aliphatic polyamide resin; a poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; a modified polyolefin resin; and a heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin. 2. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, comprising: about 100 parts by weight of a base resin including about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin and about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % of the aliphatic polyamide resin; about 1 to about 15 parts by weight of the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of the modified polyolefin resin; and about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin. 3. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin comprises a rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer and an aromatic vinyl copolymer resin. 4. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 3, wherein the rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer is obtained through graft-polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl cyanide monomer to a rubber polymer. 5. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer is a block copolymer of a reaction mixture comprising an amino carboxylic acid, lactam or diamine-dicarboxylic acid salt having 6 or more carbon atoms; a polyalkylene glycol; and a C4 to C20 dicarboxylic acid. 6. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyolefin resin is obtained by imparting a polar group through graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride and/or an epoxy compound to a copolymer of an olefin and an aromatic vinyl monomer. 7. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin is a copolymer of a maleimide monomer and/or α-methylstyrene, a vinyl cyanide monomer, and an aromatic vinyl monomer excluding the α-methylstyrene. 8. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer and the modified polyolefin resin are present in a weight ratio of about 1.5:1 to about 5:1. 9. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyolefin resin and the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1.1 to about 1:6. 10. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a surface resistance of about 1×106Ω·cm to about 5×1010Ω·cm, as measured in accordance with ASTM D257. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a charge-voltage half-life of about 0.5 seconds to about 3 seconds, as measured in accordance with KS K 0500. 12. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a Vicat softening temperature of about 96° C. to about 100° C., as measured at a heating rate of 120±12° C./hr under a load of 5 kgf in accordance with ASTM D1525. 13. A molded article formed of the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1. | A thermoplastic resin composition according to the present invention comprises: a rubber-modified aromatic vinyl-based copolymer resin; an aliphatic polyamide resin; a poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; a modified polyolefin resin; and a heat resistant vinyl-based copolymer resin. The thermoplastic resin composition exhibits excellent anti-static properties, heat resistance and mechanical properties.1. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising:
a rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin; an aliphatic polyamide resin; a poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; a modified polyolefin resin; and a heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin. 2. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, comprising: about 100 parts by weight of a base resin including about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin and about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % of the aliphatic polyamide resin; about 1 to about 15 parts by weight of the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer; about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of the modified polyolefin resin; and about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin. 3. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the rubber-modified aromatic vinyl copolymer resin comprises a rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer and an aromatic vinyl copolymer resin. 4. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 3, wherein the rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer is obtained through graft-polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl cyanide monomer to a rubber polymer. 5. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer is a block copolymer of a reaction mixture comprising an amino carboxylic acid, lactam or diamine-dicarboxylic acid salt having 6 or more carbon atoms; a polyalkylene glycol; and a C4 to C20 dicarboxylic acid. 6. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyolefin resin is obtained by imparting a polar group through graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride and/or an epoxy compound to a copolymer of an olefin and an aromatic vinyl monomer. 7. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin is a copolymer of a maleimide monomer and/or α-methylstyrene, a vinyl cyanide monomer, and an aromatic vinyl monomer excluding the α-methylstyrene. 8. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the poly(ether ester amide) block copolymer and the modified polyolefin resin are present in a weight ratio of about 1.5:1 to about 5:1. 9. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyolefin resin and the heat resistant vinyl copolymer resin are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1.1 to about 1:6. 10. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a surface resistance of about 1×106Ω·cm to about 5×1010Ω·cm, as measured in accordance with ASTM D257. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a charge-voltage half-life of about 0.5 seconds to about 3 seconds, as measured in accordance with KS K 0500. 12. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a Vicat softening temperature of about 96° C. to about 100° C., as measured at a heating rate of 120±12° C./hr under a load of 5 kgf in accordance with ASTM D1525. 13. A molded article formed of the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,735 | 16,641,781 | 3,614 | A system and method is disclosed for monitoring graphite electrodes for use in an electric arc furnace includes receiving an electrode identifiers from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader configured to interrogate RFID tags in the vicinity of an electric arc furnace (EAF), wherein the RFID tags are attached to electrodes. The electrode identifier is associated with EAF data collected from the EAF and the association is stored in a memory. The association is used for generating current and past operating parameters of the electric arc furnace for specific electrodes. Data for each specific electrode used in the EAF can also be collected for determining performance parameters for specific electrodes. | 1. A graphite electrode comprising;
a cylindrical body formed of graphite having oppositely disposed first and second ends; a threaded connector disposed at at least one end; and a tag attached to the body, wherein the tag creates a non-line-of-sight signal representing an electrode identifier. 2. The graphite electrode of claim 1 wherein the threaded connector is at least one of a pin and a socket. 3. The graphite electrode of claim 2 wherein the tag is attached to at least one of the pin and the socket. 4. The graphite electrode of claim 1 wherein the tag is a Radio Frequency identification (RFID) tag. 5. The graphite electrode of claim 4, further comprising a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag, wherein the first RFID tag is attached at or adjacent to the first end and the second RFID tag is attached at or adjacent to the second end. 6. The graphite electrode of claim 5, wherein the first RFID tag and the second RFID tag create signals representing the same electrode identifier. 7. The graphite electrode of claim 1, wherein the electrode identifier includes one or more of an identifier identifying a location at which the electrode was machined, an identifier identifying a line on which the electrode was machined, a weight of the electrode, a date the electrode was machined, a sequential number identifying a specific electrode, batch identification information identifying a batch from which the graphite electrode was formed, or an EAF owner-specific number. 8. A method of monitoring electrodes comprising:
capturing signals from radio frequency identification (RFID) tags attached to graphite electrodes using an RFID tag reader; converting the signals into electrode identifiers identifying the graphite electrodes; and transmitting the electrode identifiers to a monitor. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
receiving an electrode identifier from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader configured to interrogate RFID tags at a location;
receiving Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) data collected from the an EAF;
associating the EAF data with the electrode identifier; and
storing the association in a monitor memory. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the association on a furnace monitoring viewer system in real-time. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
transmitting the association to a remote server having an Internet portal; and
storing the association in a memory of the remote server. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
receiving a plurality of electrode identifiers from the RFID tag reader;
associating the plurality of electrode identifiers with EAF data corresponding to the plurality of electrode identifiers; and
storing the associations in memory. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
generating past EAF operating parameters;
associating the past EAF operating parameters with specific electrodes using the electrode identifiers;
generating current EAF operating parameters;
associating the current EAF operating parameters with specific electrodes using the electrode identifiers; and
displaying the associations on a furnace monitoring viewer system in real-time. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
generating reports detailing a historical operation of the furnace in relation to specific electrodes using the associations. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
associating the electrode identifier with one or more EAF heats. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
associating the electrode identifier with an electrode column. 17. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing a signal from a tag attached to an electrode using an RFID tag reader;
converting the signal into an electrode identifier identifying the electrode;
transmitting the electrode identifier to a monitor; and
determining an electrode as being in a location using the electrode identifier. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining the electrode as being in the vicinity of the EAF using the electrode identifier. 19. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
repeating the receiving the plurality of electrode identifiers, the associating the plurality of electrode identifiers with EAF data and the storing the associations in memory;
determining a missing electrode identifier to be an electrode identifier that is not in the set of stored electrode identifiers;
identifying the missing electrode identifier as an added electrode added to an electrode column, the electrode column having a plurality of electrodes connected together; and
associating the added electrode with the electrode column. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the determining further comprises:
determining the missing electrode identifier to be an electrode identifier which is in the set of stored electrode identifiers during a first time period and which is not in the set of stored electrode identifiers during a second time period, the second time period occurring after the first time period. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:
correlating the added graphite electrode identifier with a phase of the electric arc furnace. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the correlating further comprises:
monitoring clamp positions of each of three electrode clamps in a 3 phase Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), each electrode clamp corresponding to a respective electrode column associated with a corresponding electrical phase of the EAF;
determining a receiving clamp as the electrode clamp which changes position during the second time period; and
determining the electrode column receiving an added electrode as the electrode column associated with the receiving clamp. 23. The method of claim 19 wherein the repeating occurs every n minutes, wherein n is between 0.1 and 100. 24. A system for identifying graphite electrodes used in an electric arc furnace (EAF), the graphite electrodes each having a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, the system comprising:
at least one antenna disposed in a vicinity of the EAF; an RFID tag reader operatively connected to the at least one antenna, the RFID tag reader including a processor configured for receiving signals from the at least one antenna and converting the signals to electrode identifiers each identifying a specific graphite electrode, and memory for storing the electrode identifiers; and a monitor operatively connected to the RFID tag reader, the monitor including a processor and memory, the monitor processor configured for receiving the electrode identifiers, associating the electrode identifiers with EAF data corresponding to specific electrodes and storing the association in the monitor memory. 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the monitor is an electric arc furnace (EAF) monitor operatively connected to the EAF for collecting EAF data. 26. The system of claim 25 wherein the EAF monitor processor is configured for periodically receiving a set of electrode identifiers, determining a missing electrode identifier as an electrode identifier that is not in the set of electrode identifiers, identifying the missing electrode identifier as an added electrode, and associating the added electrode with an electrode column, the electrode column having a plurality of electrodes. 27. The system of claim 26 wherein the EAF monitor processor associates the electrode column having the added electrode with an EAF heat for which the electrode column was used. 28. The system of claim 27 wherein the EAF monitor processor associates the added electrode with a position in the electrode column. 29. The system of claim 28 wherein the EAF monitor processor determines that the added electrode is positioned at an arc tip of the electrode column. 30. The system of claim 24 further comprising:
a remote server operatively connected to the monitor for receiving the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data, the remote server having a memory for storing the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data and an Internet portal allowing authorized users to access the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data. | A system and method is disclosed for monitoring graphite electrodes for use in an electric arc furnace includes receiving an electrode identifiers from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader configured to interrogate RFID tags in the vicinity of an electric arc furnace (EAF), wherein the RFID tags are attached to electrodes. The electrode identifier is associated with EAF data collected from the EAF and the association is stored in a memory. The association is used for generating current and past operating parameters of the electric arc furnace for specific electrodes. Data for each specific electrode used in the EAF can also be collected for determining performance parameters for specific electrodes.1. A graphite electrode comprising;
a cylindrical body formed of graphite having oppositely disposed first and second ends; a threaded connector disposed at at least one end; and a tag attached to the body, wherein the tag creates a non-line-of-sight signal representing an electrode identifier. 2. The graphite electrode of claim 1 wherein the threaded connector is at least one of a pin and a socket. 3. The graphite electrode of claim 2 wherein the tag is attached to at least one of the pin and the socket. 4. The graphite electrode of claim 1 wherein the tag is a Radio Frequency identification (RFID) tag. 5. The graphite electrode of claim 4, further comprising a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag, wherein the first RFID tag is attached at or adjacent to the first end and the second RFID tag is attached at or adjacent to the second end. 6. The graphite electrode of claim 5, wherein the first RFID tag and the second RFID tag create signals representing the same electrode identifier. 7. The graphite electrode of claim 1, wherein the electrode identifier includes one or more of an identifier identifying a location at which the electrode was machined, an identifier identifying a line on which the electrode was machined, a weight of the electrode, a date the electrode was machined, a sequential number identifying a specific electrode, batch identification information identifying a batch from which the graphite electrode was formed, or an EAF owner-specific number. 8. A method of monitoring electrodes comprising:
capturing signals from radio frequency identification (RFID) tags attached to graphite electrodes using an RFID tag reader; converting the signals into electrode identifiers identifying the graphite electrodes; and transmitting the electrode identifiers to a monitor. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
receiving an electrode identifier from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader configured to interrogate RFID tags at a location;
receiving Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) data collected from the an EAF;
associating the EAF data with the electrode identifier; and
storing the association in a monitor memory. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the association on a furnace monitoring viewer system in real-time. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
transmitting the association to a remote server having an Internet portal; and
storing the association in a memory of the remote server. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
receiving a plurality of electrode identifiers from the RFID tag reader;
associating the plurality of electrode identifiers with EAF data corresponding to the plurality of electrode identifiers; and
storing the associations in memory. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
generating past EAF operating parameters;
associating the past EAF operating parameters with specific electrodes using the electrode identifiers;
generating current EAF operating parameters;
associating the current EAF operating parameters with specific electrodes using the electrode identifiers; and
displaying the associations on a furnace monitoring viewer system in real-time. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
generating reports detailing a historical operation of the furnace in relation to specific electrodes using the associations. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
associating the electrode identifier with one or more EAF heats. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
associating the electrode identifier with an electrode column. 17. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing a signal from a tag attached to an electrode using an RFID tag reader;
converting the signal into an electrode identifier identifying the electrode;
transmitting the electrode identifier to a monitor; and
determining an electrode as being in a location using the electrode identifier. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining the electrode as being in the vicinity of the EAF using the electrode identifier. 19. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
repeating the receiving the plurality of electrode identifiers, the associating the plurality of electrode identifiers with EAF data and the storing the associations in memory;
determining a missing electrode identifier to be an electrode identifier that is not in the set of stored electrode identifiers;
identifying the missing electrode identifier as an added electrode added to an electrode column, the electrode column having a plurality of electrodes connected together; and
associating the added electrode with the electrode column. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the determining further comprises:
determining the missing electrode identifier to be an electrode identifier which is in the set of stored electrode identifiers during a first time period and which is not in the set of stored electrode identifiers during a second time period, the second time period occurring after the first time period. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:
correlating the added graphite electrode identifier with a phase of the electric arc furnace. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the correlating further comprises:
monitoring clamp positions of each of three electrode clamps in a 3 phase Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), each electrode clamp corresponding to a respective electrode column associated with a corresponding electrical phase of the EAF;
determining a receiving clamp as the electrode clamp which changes position during the second time period; and
determining the electrode column receiving an added electrode as the electrode column associated with the receiving clamp. 23. The method of claim 19 wherein the repeating occurs every n minutes, wherein n is between 0.1 and 100. 24. A system for identifying graphite electrodes used in an electric arc furnace (EAF), the graphite electrodes each having a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, the system comprising:
at least one antenna disposed in a vicinity of the EAF; an RFID tag reader operatively connected to the at least one antenna, the RFID tag reader including a processor configured for receiving signals from the at least one antenna and converting the signals to electrode identifiers each identifying a specific graphite electrode, and memory for storing the electrode identifiers; and a monitor operatively connected to the RFID tag reader, the monitor including a processor and memory, the monitor processor configured for receiving the electrode identifiers, associating the electrode identifiers with EAF data corresponding to specific electrodes and storing the association in the monitor memory. 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the monitor is an electric arc furnace (EAF) monitor operatively connected to the EAF for collecting EAF data. 26. The system of claim 25 wherein the EAF monitor processor is configured for periodically receiving a set of electrode identifiers, determining a missing electrode identifier as an electrode identifier that is not in the set of electrode identifiers, identifying the missing electrode identifier as an added electrode, and associating the added electrode with an electrode column, the electrode column having a plurality of electrodes. 27. The system of claim 26 wherein the EAF monitor processor associates the electrode column having the added electrode with an EAF heat for which the electrode column was used. 28. The system of claim 27 wherein the EAF monitor processor associates the added electrode with a position in the electrode column. 29. The system of claim 28 wherein the EAF monitor processor determines that the added electrode is positioned at an arc tip of the electrode column. 30. The system of claim 24 further comprising:
a remote server operatively connected to the monitor for receiving the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data, the remote server having a memory for storing the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data and an Internet portal allowing authorized users to access the electrode identifiers and associated EAF data. | 3,600 |
338,736 | 16,641,778 | 3,614 | A method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform including a core part and a cladding part is disclosed. The method includes: adding an alkali metal to an inner surface of a silica-based glass pipe; etching the inner surface of the silica-based glass pipe to which the alkali metal is added; making a glass rod by collapsing the silica-based glass pipe after the etching; and making an optical fiber preform using the glass rod. The silica-based glass pipe is heated in the adding such that a surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. | 1. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform including a core part and a cladding part, comprising:
adding an alkali metal to an inner surface of a silica-based glass pipe; etching the inner surface of the silica-based glass pipe to which the alkali metal is added; making a glass rod by collapsing the silica-based glass pipe after the etching; and making an optical fiber preform using the glass rod, wherein the silica-based glass pipe is heated in the adding such that a surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. 2. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which a surface temperature of a predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is 0.5 minute or longer and shorter than 40 minutes. 3. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which the surface temperature of the predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is 1 minute or longer. 4. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which the surface temperature of the predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is shorter than 20 minutes. 5. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding,
the silica-based glass pipe is heated by a heating burner such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C., and the width that achieves a temperature zone of 1500° C. or higher in the heating temperature profile of the heating burner is kept to be not more than six times a diameter of the silica-based glass pipe. 6. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding, the silica-based glass pipe is heated such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 1800° C. 7. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding,
a space in which the silica-based glass pipe is held is kept at a positive pressure, and the internal pressure in the space is greater than 0 Pa and 20 Pa or less. 8. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1,
wherein the alkali metal added in the adding is potassium, and wherein the silica-based glass pipe is repeatedly heated in the adding such that the ratio d2/d1 in the optical fiber preform is 1.5 or more and less than 3.0 where d1 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or more, and d2 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or less and the chlorine concentration is 1000 [atomic ppm] or less. 9. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber using an optical fiber preform manufactured by the method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, the method for manufacturing an optical fiber further comprising drawing the optical fiber preform to manufacture an optical fiber. 10. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding,
the silica-based glass pipe is heated by a heating burner such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C., and the width that achieves a temperature zone of 1500° C. or higher in the heating temperature profile of the heating burner is kept to be not more than six times a diameter of the silica-based glass pipe. 11. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 10, wherein in the adding, the silica-based glass pipe is heated such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 1800° C. 12. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 10, wherein in the adding,
a space in which the silica-based glass pipe is held is kept at a positive pressure, and the internal pressure in the space is greater than 0 Pa and 20 Pa or less. 13. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 12,
wherein the alkali metal added in the adding is potassium, and wherein the silica-based glass pipe is repeatedly heated in the adding such that the ratio d2/d1 in the optical fiber preform is 1.5 or more and less than 3.0 where d1 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or more, and d2 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or less and the chlorine concentration is 1000 [atomic ppm] or less. | A method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform including a core part and a cladding part is disclosed. The method includes: adding an alkali metal to an inner surface of a silica-based glass pipe; etching the inner surface of the silica-based glass pipe to which the alkali metal is added; making a glass rod by collapsing the silica-based glass pipe after the etching; and making an optical fiber preform using the glass rod. The silica-based glass pipe is heated in the adding such that a surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C.1. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform including a core part and a cladding part, comprising:
adding an alkali metal to an inner surface of a silica-based glass pipe; etching the inner surface of the silica-based glass pipe to which the alkali metal is added; making a glass rod by collapsing the silica-based glass pipe after the etching; and making an optical fiber preform using the glass rod, wherein the silica-based glass pipe is heated in the adding such that a surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. 2. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which a surface temperature of a predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is 0.5 minute or longer and shorter than 40 minutes. 3. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which the surface temperature of the predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is 1 minute or longer. 4. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding, the heating time per traverse with which the surface temperature of the predetermined area of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C. is shorter than 20 minutes. 5. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding,
the silica-based glass pipe is heated by a heating burner such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C., and the width that achieves a temperature zone of 1500° C. or higher in the heating temperature profile of the heating burner is kept to be not more than six times a diameter of the silica-based glass pipe. 6. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding, the silica-based glass pipe is heated such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 1800° C. 7. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein in the adding,
a space in which the silica-based glass pipe is held is kept at a positive pressure, and the internal pressure in the space is greater than 0 Pa and 20 Pa or less. 8. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1,
wherein the alkali metal added in the adding is potassium, and wherein the silica-based glass pipe is repeatedly heated in the adding such that the ratio d2/d1 in the optical fiber preform is 1.5 or more and less than 3.0 where d1 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or more, and d2 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or less and the chlorine concentration is 1000 [atomic ppm] or less. 9. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber using an optical fiber preform manufactured by the method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 1, the method for manufacturing an optical fiber further comprising drawing the optical fiber preform to manufacture an optical fiber. 10. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 2, wherein in the adding,
the silica-based glass pipe is heated by a heating burner such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 2000° C., and the width that achieves a temperature zone of 1500° C. or higher in the heating temperature profile of the heating burner is kept to be not more than six times a diameter of the silica-based glass pipe. 11. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 10, wherein in the adding, the silica-based glass pipe is heated such that the surface temperature of the silica-based glass pipe falls within a temperature range of 1500° C. or higher to lower than 1800° C. 12. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 10, wherein in the adding,
a space in which the silica-based glass pipe is held is kept at a positive pressure, and the internal pressure in the space is greater than 0 Pa and 20 Pa or less. 13. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform according to claim 12,
wherein the alkali metal added in the adding is potassium, and wherein the silica-based glass pipe is repeatedly heated in the adding such that the ratio d2/d1 in the optical fiber preform is 1.5 or more and less than 3.0 where d1 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or more, and d2 is the diameter of an area in which the potassium concentration in the optical fiber preform is 50 [atomic ppm] or less and the chlorine concentration is 1000 [atomic ppm] or less. | 3,600 |
338,737 | 16,641,785 | 3,614 | Device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution where a cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via a heat exchanger, a cathode compartment and a capacitive separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte. In the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture. | 1. A device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution containing an electrochemical reactor, said reactor being represented by one or more modular electrochemical elements (cells), which are hydraulically connected in parallel, the anode and cathode compartment of the reactor is separated by a tubular, porous, ceramic separation wall, which is disposed coaxially between the electrodes of the electrochemical elements (cells), the entrance to the anode compartment is connected with the device for feeding the saline solution under pressure, the exit is connected with the device for stabilizing the specified overpressure in the anode compartment, which is connected to the mixing device for gaseous products of the anodic electrochemical reaction with freshwater flow, the cathode compartment of the electrochemical reactor is a component of the catholyte circuit, which also contains a capacitive (volume) separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte, a facility for draining the excess catholyte from the receiving container of the separator, and a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating catholyte, the device containing a dosage apparatus for adding the catholyte to the oxidant solution for the purpose of regulating its pH value,
wherein the cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of the pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via the heat exchanger, the cathode compartment and the capacitive (volume) separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte, whereby the receiving container of the separator, which is connected to the pump inlet, is lower than the electrochemical reactor, such that the level of the catholyte in the receiving container of the separator, which is determined by the position of the nozzle (side tube) for the discharge of the excess catholyte from the circuit, lies below the inlet nozzle (the inlet nozzles) in the cathode compartment of the electrochemical reactor, and in the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive (volume) separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode in the electrochemical reactor is designed with cooling, and is disposed in the open cooling circuit of the elements of the device following the heat exchanger of the humidity separator from the hydrogen and before the heat exchanger of the catholyte in the circuit, wherein the water exiting from the cooling circuit is directed towards the entrance to the mixing device for the oxidant with the freshwater flow. | Device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution where a cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via a heat exchanger, a cathode compartment and a capacitive separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte. In the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture.1. A device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution containing an electrochemical reactor, said reactor being represented by one or more modular electrochemical elements (cells), which are hydraulically connected in parallel, the anode and cathode compartment of the reactor is separated by a tubular, porous, ceramic separation wall, which is disposed coaxially between the electrodes of the electrochemical elements (cells), the entrance to the anode compartment is connected with the device for feeding the saline solution under pressure, the exit is connected with the device for stabilizing the specified overpressure in the anode compartment, which is connected to the mixing device for gaseous products of the anodic electrochemical reaction with freshwater flow, the cathode compartment of the electrochemical reactor is a component of the catholyte circuit, which also contains a capacitive (volume) separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte, a facility for draining the excess catholyte from the receiving container of the separator, and a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating catholyte, the device containing a dosage apparatus for adding the catholyte to the oxidant solution for the purpose of regulating its pH value,
wherein the cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of the pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via the heat exchanger, the cathode compartment and the capacitive (volume) separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte, whereby the receiving container of the separator, which is connected to the pump inlet, is lower than the electrochemical reactor, such that the level of the catholyte in the receiving container of the separator, which is determined by the position of the nozzle (side tube) for the discharge of the excess catholyte from the circuit, lies below the inlet nozzle (the inlet nozzles) in the cathode compartment of the electrochemical reactor, and in the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive (volume) separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode in the electrochemical reactor is designed with cooling, and is disposed in the open cooling circuit of the elements of the device following the heat exchanger of the humidity separator from the hydrogen and before the heat exchanger of the catholyte in the circuit, wherein the water exiting from the cooling circuit is directed towards the entrance to the mixing device for the oxidant with the freshwater flow. | 3,600 |
338,738 | 16,641,801 | 3,614 | An injection molded article of the present invention comprises: a first color resin part with one end having a first thickness, and the other end having a wedge shaped core layer of which the thickness becomes thinner; and a second color resin part with one end having a second thickness, and the other end having a surface layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the surface layer surrounding the core layer has a gradation due to the core layer thereinside. According to the injection molded article having color gradation, it is possible to adjust the size and location of a color gradation section, and it is easy to adjust the thickness. | 1. An injection molded article comprising:
a first color resin part having a first thickness at one end and an opposing end formed with a wedge-shaped core layer; and a second color resin part having a second thickness at one end and an opposing end formed with a shell layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the shell layer surrounding the core layer has a color gradation due to the core layer therein, when viewed from upper and lower surfaces thereof. 2. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part and the second color resin part are integrally formed with each other. 3. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part has a first color and the second color resin part has a second color, wherein the first color and the second color are distinguishable from each other when viewing the core layer and the shell layer from side surfaces thereof. 4. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part is formed of a first color resin and the second color resin part is formed of a second color resin, wherein each of the first color resin forming the first color resin part and the second color resin forming the second color part is formed of a thermoplastic resin composition having a transmittance of about 20% to about 99%, as measured on a 2.5 mm thick specimen in accordance with ASTM D1003. 5. The injection molded article according to claim 4, wherein a difference in transmittance between the first color resin and the second color resin is less than or equal to about 30%, as measured on 2.5 mm thick specimens in accordance with ASTM D1003. 6. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first thickness is the same as the second thickness. 7. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first thickness is different from the second thickness. 8. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the injection molded article has a thickness of about 0.05 cm to about 10 cm. 9. A method of manufacturing an injection molded article, comprising:
simultaneously injecting a first color resin and a second color resin into a mold from opposite sides of the mold, respectively, and applying packing pressure to the first color resin and the second color resin, wherein the packing pressure applied to the first color resin is lower than the packing pressure applied to the second color resin. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the packing pressure applied to the first color resin ranges from about 0 MPa to about 130 MPa, the packing pressure applied to the second color resin ranges from about 10 MPa to about 140 MPa, and a difference in packing pressure between to the first color resin and the second color resin ranges from about 10 MPa to about 130 MPa. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first color resin and the second color resin are injected at a rate of about 10 cc/sec to about 150 cc/sec. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first color resin and the second color resin are injected at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 350° C. | An injection molded article of the present invention comprises: a first color resin part with one end having a first thickness, and the other end having a wedge shaped core layer of which the thickness becomes thinner; and a second color resin part with one end having a second thickness, and the other end having a surface layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the surface layer surrounding the core layer has a gradation due to the core layer thereinside. According to the injection molded article having color gradation, it is possible to adjust the size and location of a color gradation section, and it is easy to adjust the thickness.1. An injection molded article comprising:
a first color resin part having a first thickness at one end and an opposing end formed with a wedge-shaped core layer; and a second color resin part having a second thickness at one end and an opposing end formed with a shell layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the shell layer surrounding the core layer has a color gradation due to the core layer therein, when viewed from upper and lower surfaces thereof. 2. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part and the second color resin part are integrally formed with each other. 3. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part has a first color and the second color resin part has a second color, wherein the first color and the second color are distinguishable from each other when viewing the core layer and the shell layer from side surfaces thereof. 4. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first color resin part is formed of a first color resin and the second color resin part is formed of a second color resin, wherein each of the first color resin forming the first color resin part and the second color resin forming the second color part is formed of a thermoplastic resin composition having a transmittance of about 20% to about 99%, as measured on a 2.5 mm thick specimen in accordance with ASTM D1003. 5. The injection molded article according to claim 4, wherein a difference in transmittance between the first color resin and the second color resin is less than or equal to about 30%, as measured on 2.5 mm thick specimens in accordance with ASTM D1003. 6. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first thickness is the same as the second thickness. 7. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the first thickness is different from the second thickness. 8. The injection molded article according to claim 1, wherein the injection molded article has a thickness of about 0.05 cm to about 10 cm. 9. A method of manufacturing an injection molded article, comprising:
simultaneously injecting a first color resin and a second color resin into a mold from opposite sides of the mold, respectively, and applying packing pressure to the first color resin and the second color resin, wherein the packing pressure applied to the first color resin is lower than the packing pressure applied to the second color resin. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the packing pressure applied to the first color resin ranges from about 0 MPa to about 130 MPa, the packing pressure applied to the second color resin ranges from about 10 MPa to about 140 MPa, and a difference in packing pressure between to the first color resin and the second color resin ranges from about 10 MPa to about 130 MPa. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first color resin and the second color resin are injected at a rate of about 10 cc/sec to about 150 cc/sec. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first color resin and the second color resin are injected at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 350° C. | 3,600 |
338,739 | 16,641,796 | 3,614 | To read respective values as updated of a plurality of variables synchronization of which respective values is ensured while tasks are being carried out in a multi-tasking manner, a PLC 10 reads respective values as updated of variables A to C in such a manner as to complete reading the respective values as updated of the variables A to C during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle. | 1. A control device configured to control control-target equipment by concurrently repeating a plurality of tasks each over a corresponding cycle,
the control device comprising: an accepting section configured to accept from outside a request to collectively query about respective values that a plurality of variables have while the plurality of tasks are being carried out, the plurality of variables each having a value that becomes updated for at least one of the plurality of tasks; a reading section configured to, in a case where the accepting section has accepted the request, read the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values each having been updated for the at least one of the plurality of tasks, in such a manner that the reading section completes reading all the respective values of the plurality of variables during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest among respective cycles of the plurality of tasks to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle; and an output section configured to output, to outside, the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values having been read by the reading section. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the reading section starts reading the respective values of the plurality of variables by a time point obtained by subtracting an expected reading period from a time point at which the respective cycles of the plurality of tasks start together, the expected reading period being a time period expected to be necessary to read all the respective values of the plurality of variables. 3. The control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an obtaining section configured to obtain association information, which associates each of the plurality of variables with the at least one of the plurality of tasks, wherein the reading section, with reference to the association information that the obtaining section has obtained, reads the respective values of the plurality of variables during a cycle of the at least one of the plurality of tasks. 4. The control device according to claim 3, wherein
in a case where the association information associates a certain one of the plurality of variables with two or more of the plurality of tasks for which two or more of the plurality of tasks a value of the certain one of the plurality of variables becomes updated, the reading section completes reading the value of the certain one of the plurality of variables immediately before respective cycles of the two or more of the plurality of tasks start together. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the control device has an OPC UA server function, the accepting section accepts the request from an OPC UA client device in a connection mode that conforms to an OPC UA standard, and the output section outputs the respective values of the plurality of variables to the OPC UA client device in a connection mode that conforms to an OPC UA standard. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of tasks include a standard task and a task other than the standard task, and the task other than the standard task has a cycle with a length of an integral multiple of a length of a cycle of the standard task. 7. A method for controlling a control device configured to control control-target equipment by concurrently repeating a plurality of tasks each over a corresponding cycle, the method comprising:
an accepting step of accepting from outside a request to collectively query about respective values that a plurality of variables have while the plurality of tasks are being carried out, the plurality of variables each having a value that becomes updated for at least one of the plurality of tasks; a reading step of, in a case where the request has been accepted during the accepting step, reading the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values each having been updated for the at least one of the plurality of tasks, in such a manner that reading of all the respective values of the plurality of variables becomes completed during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest among respective cycles of the plurality of tasks to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle; and an output step of outputting, to outside, the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values having been read during the reading step. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing therein an information processing program for causing a computer to function as a control device according to claim 1, the program causing the computer to function as each of the foregoing section. 9. (canceled) | To read respective values as updated of a plurality of variables synchronization of which respective values is ensured while tasks are being carried out in a multi-tasking manner, a PLC 10 reads respective values as updated of variables A to C in such a manner as to complete reading the respective values as updated of the variables A to C during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle.1. A control device configured to control control-target equipment by concurrently repeating a plurality of tasks each over a corresponding cycle,
the control device comprising: an accepting section configured to accept from outside a request to collectively query about respective values that a plurality of variables have while the plurality of tasks are being carried out, the plurality of variables each having a value that becomes updated for at least one of the plurality of tasks; a reading section configured to, in a case where the accepting section has accepted the request, read the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values each having been updated for the at least one of the plurality of tasks, in such a manner that the reading section completes reading all the respective values of the plurality of variables during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest among respective cycles of the plurality of tasks to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle; and an output section configured to output, to outside, the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values having been read by the reading section. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the reading section starts reading the respective values of the plurality of variables by a time point obtained by subtracting an expected reading period from a time point at which the respective cycles of the plurality of tasks start together, the expected reading period being a time period expected to be necessary to read all the respective values of the plurality of variables. 3. The control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an obtaining section configured to obtain association information, which associates each of the plurality of variables with the at least one of the plurality of tasks, wherein the reading section, with reference to the association information that the obtaining section has obtained, reads the respective values of the plurality of variables during a cycle of the at least one of the plurality of tasks. 4. The control device according to claim 3, wherein
in a case where the association information associates a certain one of the plurality of variables with two or more of the plurality of tasks for which two or more of the plurality of tasks a value of the certain one of the plurality of variables becomes updated, the reading section completes reading the value of the certain one of the plurality of variables immediately before respective cycles of the two or more of the plurality of tasks start together. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the control device has an OPC UA server function, the accepting section accepts the request from an OPC UA client device in a connection mode that conforms to an OPC UA standard, and the output section outputs the respective values of the plurality of variables to the OPC UA client device in a connection mode that conforms to an OPC UA standard. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of tasks include a standard task and a task other than the standard task, and the task other than the standard task has a cycle with a length of an integral multiple of a length of a cycle of the standard task. 7. A method for controlling a control device configured to control control-target equipment by concurrently repeating a plurality of tasks each over a corresponding cycle, the method comprising:
an accepting step of accepting from outside a request to collectively query about respective values that a plurality of variables have while the plurality of tasks are being carried out, the plurality of variables each having a value that becomes updated for at least one of the plurality of tasks; a reading step of, in a case where the request has been accepted during the accepting step, reading the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values each having been updated for the at least one of the plurality of tasks, in such a manner that reading of all the respective values of the plurality of variables becomes completed during a time period from (i) a time point of a start of a single instance of a cycle of a task which cycle is shortest among respective cycles of the plurality of tasks to (ii) a time point of an end of the single instance of the cycle; and an output step of outputting, to outside, the respective values of the plurality of variables, the respective values having been read during the reading step. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing therein an information processing program for causing a computer to function as a control device according to claim 1, the program causing the computer to function as each of the foregoing section. 9. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,740 | 16,641,797 | 3,614 | A container for dispensing product includes a housing having an interior space. A rigid flip top assembly is disposed on the housing, and includes a lever, a lid, and a flange. The lid covers a dispensing orifice when in a closed position. The lever has a first end and a second end, and the lid is connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end. The lever longitudinally extends over a fulcrum. When a force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position. | 1. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a housing for storing product, the housing defining an interior space, the housing having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a lever, a lid, and a flange, the flange being disposed on the outer surface of the housing, the lid covering a dispensing orifice when the lid is in a closed position, wherein the lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the lever extending in the longitudinal direction over a fulcrum, wherein when a force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position. 2. The container of claim 1 wherein an entirety of the rigid flip top assembly is disposed outwardly of a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space. 3. The container of claim 1 wherein, as the first end of the lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the lever rotates less than 15 degrees about the pivot axis and the lid rotates at least 90 degrees about the hinge. 4. The container of claim 1 wherein the fulcrum is closer to the first end than to the second end. 5. The container of claim 1 wherein the fulcrum is integrally formed with the lever. 6. The container of claim 1 wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in the closed position, and wherein when the force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the second end of the lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position. 7. The container of claim 6 wherein the latch is integrally formed with the lever. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a flexible pouch for storing product, the flexible pouch defining an interior space, the flexible pouch having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a ring lever, a lid, and a flange, the flange being affixed to the outer surface of the pouch, the lid covering a dispensing orifice when the lid is in a closed position, the flange surrounding the ring lever; wherein the ring lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the ring lever extending in the longitudinal direction over at least one fulcrum, wherein the ring lever and the flange encircle a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space, wherein, when a force is applied to the ring lever proximate the first end, the ring lever pivots at the at least one fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the ring lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position. 11. The container of claim 10 wherein, as the first end of the ring lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the ring lever rotates less than 15 degrees about the pivot axis and the lid rotates at least 90 degrees about the hinge. 12. The container of claim 10 wherein, as the first end of the ring lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the ring lever rotates less than 10 degrees about the pivot axis, and the lid rotates at least 110 degrees about the hinge. 13. The container of claim 10 wherein the fulcrum is closer to the first end than to the second end. 14. The container of claim 10 wherein the fulcrum is integrally formed with the ring lever. 15. The container of claim 10 wherein the at least one fulcrum comprises a pair of fulcrums integrally formed with the ring lever. 16. The container of claim 10 wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in the closed position, and wherein when the force is applied to the ring lever proximate the first end, the second end of the ring lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position. 17. The container of claim 16 wherein the latch is integrally formed with the ring lever. 18. (canceled) 19. The container of claim 10 wherein the ring lever includes at least two raised portions adapted to press against an underside of the lid when the force is applied to the ring lever. 20. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a flexible pouch for storing product, the flexible pouch defining an interior space, the flexible pouch having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a lid and a push button; wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in a closed position, wherein when a force is applied to the push button, the lid springs from the closed position toward an open position, wherein the rigid flip top assembly includes no component made of rubber, silicone, elastomer, or metal. 21. The container of claim 20 wherein the rigid flip top assembly further comprises a ring lever and a flange, wherein the ring lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being integrally connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the ring lever extending in the longitudinal direction over at least one fulcrum,
wherein, when the force is applied to the push button, the ring lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis such that the ring lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position,
wherein the push button is integrally formed with the ring lever. 22. The container of claim 21 wherein the ring lever, the push button, and the at least one fulcrum collectively and integrally form a first component, and wherein the flange, the lid, and the hinge collectively and integrally form a second component, the rigid flip top assembly consisting of the first component and the second component. 23. The container of claim 21 wherein the flange is affixed to the outer surface of the pouch, and wherein the ring lever and the flange encircle a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space. 24. The container of claim 21 wherein as the force is applied to the push button, potential energy builds in the lever while the catch holds the latch in the closed position, and when the latch pulls away from the catch, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy to cause the lid to spring from the closed position toward the open position. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) | A container for dispensing product includes a housing having an interior space. A rigid flip top assembly is disposed on the housing, and includes a lever, a lid, and a flange. The lid covers a dispensing orifice when in a closed position. The lever has a first end and a second end, and the lid is connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end. The lever longitudinally extends over a fulcrum. When a force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position.1. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a housing for storing product, the housing defining an interior space, the housing having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a lever, a lid, and a flange, the flange being disposed on the outer surface of the housing, the lid covering a dispensing orifice when the lid is in a closed position, wherein the lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the lever extending in the longitudinal direction over a fulcrum, wherein when a force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position. 2. The container of claim 1 wherein an entirety of the rigid flip top assembly is disposed outwardly of a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space. 3. The container of claim 1 wherein, as the first end of the lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the lever rotates less than 15 degrees about the pivot axis and the lid rotates at least 90 degrees about the hinge. 4. The container of claim 1 wherein the fulcrum is closer to the first end than to the second end. 5. The container of claim 1 wherein the fulcrum is integrally formed with the lever. 6. The container of claim 1 wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in the closed position, and wherein when the force is applied to the lever proximate the first end, the second end of the lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position. 7. The container of claim 6 wherein the latch is integrally formed with the lever. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a flexible pouch for storing product, the flexible pouch defining an interior space, the flexible pouch having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a ring lever, a lid, and a flange, the flange being affixed to the outer surface of the pouch, the lid covering a dispensing orifice when the lid is in a closed position, the flange surrounding the ring lever; wherein the ring lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the ring lever extending in the longitudinal direction over at least one fulcrum, wherein the ring lever and the flange encircle a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space, wherein, when a force is applied to the ring lever proximate the first end, the ring lever pivots at the at least one fulcrum about a pivot axis, and the second end of the ring lever moves the lid from the closed position toward an open position. 11. The container of claim 10 wherein, as the first end of the ring lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the ring lever rotates less than 15 degrees about the pivot axis and the lid rotates at least 90 degrees about the hinge. 12. The container of claim 10 wherein, as the first end of the ring lever is moved from a rest position to a fully depressed position, the second end of the ring lever rotates less than 10 degrees about the pivot axis, and the lid rotates at least 110 degrees about the hinge. 13. The container of claim 10 wherein the fulcrum is closer to the first end than to the second end. 14. The container of claim 10 wherein the fulcrum is integrally formed with the ring lever. 15. The container of claim 10 wherein the at least one fulcrum comprises a pair of fulcrums integrally formed with the ring lever. 16. The container of claim 10 wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in the closed position, and wherein when the force is applied to the ring lever proximate the first end, the second end of the ring lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position. 17. The container of claim 16 wherein the latch is integrally formed with the ring lever. 18. (canceled) 19. The container of claim 10 wherein the ring lever includes at least two raised portions adapted to press against an underside of the lid when the force is applied to the ring lever. 20. A container for storing and dispensing product, the container comprising:
a flexible pouch for storing product, the flexible pouch defining an interior space, the flexible pouch having an inner surface generally facing toward the interior space, and an outer surface generally facing away from the interior space; a rigid flip top assembly having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension, the assembly comprising a lid and a push button; wherein the lid includes a catch, the catch adapted to engage a latch when the lid is in a closed position, wherein when a force is applied to the push button, the lid springs from the closed position toward an open position, wherein the rigid flip top assembly includes no component made of rubber, silicone, elastomer, or metal. 21. The container of claim 20 wherein the rigid flip top assembly further comprises a ring lever and a flange, wherein the ring lever has a first end and a second end, the lid being integrally connected to the flange at a hinge proximate the second end, the ring lever extending in the longitudinal direction over at least one fulcrum,
wherein, when the force is applied to the push button, the ring lever pivots at the fulcrum about a pivot axis such that the ring lever forces the latch to pull away from the catch to move the lid from the closed position toward the open position,
wherein the push button is integrally formed with the ring lever. 22. The container of claim 21 wherein the ring lever, the push button, and the at least one fulcrum collectively and integrally form a first component, and wherein the flange, the lid, and the hinge collectively and integrally form a second component, the rigid flip top assembly consisting of the first component and the second component. 23. The container of claim 21 wherein the flange is affixed to the outer surface of the pouch, and wherein the ring lever and the flange encircle a dispensing orifice through which the product can be withdrawn from the interior space. 24. The container of claim 21 wherein as the force is applied to the push button, potential energy builds in the lever while the catch holds the latch in the closed position, and when the latch pulls away from the catch, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy to cause the lid to spring from the closed position toward the open position. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,741 | 16,641,744 | 3,614 | The present invention relates to an electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry (eg chronoamperometry) the presence or quantity (eg concentration) of an analyte in an aqueous sample, comprising a sealed housing, an elongate pivotal arm mounted on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat, and a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to the elongate pivotal arm, which is connectable to an electrochemical sensor. By flexing the pivotal forearm, the electrochemical sensor may be electrically connected to the potentiostat. By flexing the elongate pivotal arm, the electrochemical sensor is immersed in the aqueous sample in the sealed housing. | 1. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and a mounting for electrical contact pins which is mounted sealingly on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, 2. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting for electrical contact pins is mounted detachably on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm. 3. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting for electrical contact pins comprises a flexible polymer body which sealingly encapsulates the electrical contact pins such that the electrical contact pins are protuberant from a front face of the body. 4. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein in use, a slanted part of the front face of the flexible polymer body biassingly abuts the electrochemical sensor. 5. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein when the elongate pivotal arm is in the fully flexed position, the receptacle constrains the pivotal forearm to a partially open position sufficient to permit the electrochemical sensor to dismount from the anterior wall of the pivotal forearm. 6. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongate pivotal arm pivots restrainedly between an extended position and a flexed position. 7. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the proximal end of the elongate pivotal arm is equipped with a rotary sleeve which is mounted on an elongate shaft extending from the sealed housing, wherein the rotary sleeve and elongate shaft are sealingly spaced apart by a seal. 8. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongate pivotal arm pivots about a first axis between a fully extended position and a fully flexed position and the pivotal forearm pivots about a second axis between a fully open position and a fully closed position, wherein the first axis and second axis are substantially perpendicular. 9. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a switch which in response to an operating position of the elongate pivotal arm switches on the potentiostat, wherein the operating position is at or near to the fully flexed position. 10. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and electrical contact pins on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, 11. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and electrical contact pins on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, | The present invention relates to an electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry (eg chronoamperometry) the presence or quantity (eg concentration) of an analyte in an aqueous sample, comprising a sealed housing, an elongate pivotal arm mounted on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat, and a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to the elongate pivotal arm, which is connectable to an electrochemical sensor. By flexing the pivotal forearm, the electrochemical sensor may be electrically connected to the potentiostat. By flexing the elongate pivotal arm, the electrochemical sensor is immersed in the aqueous sample in the sealed housing.1. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and a mounting for electrical contact pins which is mounted sealingly on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, 2. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting for electrical contact pins is mounted detachably on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm. 3. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting for electrical contact pins comprises a flexible polymer body which sealingly encapsulates the electrical contact pins such that the electrical contact pins are protuberant from a front face of the body. 4. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein in use, a slanted part of the front face of the flexible polymer body biassingly abuts the electrochemical sensor. 5. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein when the elongate pivotal arm is in the fully flexed position, the receptacle constrains the pivotal forearm to a partially open position sufficient to permit the electrochemical sensor to dismount from the anterior wall of the pivotal forearm. 6. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongate pivotal arm pivots restrainedly between an extended position and a flexed position. 7. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the proximal end of the elongate pivotal arm is equipped with a rotary sleeve which is mounted on an elongate shaft extending from the sealed housing, wherein the rotary sleeve and elongate shaft are sealingly spaced apart by a seal. 8. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongate pivotal arm pivots about a first axis between a fully extended position and a fully flexed position and the pivotal forearm pivots about a second axis between a fully open position and a fully closed position, wherein the first axis and second axis are substantially perpendicular. 9. The electroanalytical instrument as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a switch which in response to an operating position of the elongate pivotal arm switches on the potentiostat, wherein the operating position is at or near to the fully flexed position. 10. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and electrical contact pins on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, 11. An electroanalytical instrument for determining by amperometry the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprising:
a sealed housing which is compartmentalised, wherein the sealed housing has an exterior compartment defining a receptacle for the aqueous sample and interior compartments; an elongate pivotal arm mounted pivotally at a proximal end on the sealed housing, wherein the elongate pivotal arm houses a potentiostat; a pivotal forearm joined pivotally to or near to a distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use an electrochemical sensor is mounted in or on an anterior wall of the pivotal forearm and extends inferiorly to the elongate pivotal arm, wherein on an inferior part of the electrochemical sensor there are a reference electrode, a counter electrode and at least one working electrode which is dosed with a reagent formulation for electroanalysis and on a superior part of the electrochemical sensor each of the reference electrode, counter electrode and at least one working electrode terminates in an electrical contact; and electrical contact pins on the distal end of the elongate pivotal arm, wherein in use the electrical contact pins are electrically connected to the potentiostat and apply a potential to the electrochemical sensor, | 3,600 |
338,742 | 16,641,786 | 3,614 | A method of manufacturing wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, the method including providing at least one cotton thread; and twisting the at least one cotton thread to form the wick material, wherein the wick material diameter is controlled to meet a target diameter within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of the target diameter. | 1. A method of manufacturing wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, the method comprising:
providing at least one cotton thread; and twisting the at least one cotton thread to form the wick material, wherein a diameter of the wick material is controlled to meet a target diameter within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of the target diameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of more than 0.3 g/m, more than 0.4 g/m, more than 0.5 g/m, and more than 0.6 g/m. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of less than 1.2 g/m, less than 1.1 g/m, less than 1.0 g/m, less than 0.9 g/m, and less than 0.8 g/m. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a cross-sectional area selected from the group consisting of more than 1 mm2, more than 2 mm2, more than 3 mm2, and more than 4 mm2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a cross-sectional area selected from the group consisting of less than 9 mm2, less than 8 mm2, less than 7 mm2, and less than 6 mm2. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of more than 0.5 g/m, more than 0.6 g/m, more than 0.7 g/m, more than 0.8 g/m, more than 0.9 g/m, more than 1.0 g/m, more than 1.1 g/m, more than 1.2 g/m, and more than 1.3 g/m. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of less than 2.5 g/m, less than 2.4 g/m, less than 2.3 g/m, less than 2.2 g/m, less than 2.1 g/m, less than 2.0. g/m, less than 1.9 g/m, less than 1.8 g/m, less than 1.7 g/m, less than 1.6 g/m, and less than 1.5 g/m. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a diameter selected from the group consisting more than 2.7 mm, more than 2.8 mm, more than 2.9 mm, more than 3.0 mm, more than 3.1 mm, more than 3.2 mm, more than 3.3 mm, and more than 3.4 mm. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a diameter selected from the group consisting of less than 4.5 mm, less than 4.4 mm, less than 4.3 mm, less than 4.2 mm, less than 4.1 mm, less than 4.0 mm, less than 3.9 mm, less than 3.8 mm, less than 3.7 mm, and less than 3.6 mm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cotton threads are formed from cotton having an average fiber length selected from the group consisting of more than 15 mm, more than 20 mm, more than 25 mm, and more than 30 mm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread is twisted so the wick material comprises a number of complete turns of the at least one cotton thread selected from the group consisting of more than 10 turns per meter, more than 12 turns per meter, more than 14 turns per meter, more than 16 turns per meter, more than 18 turns per meter, and more than 20 turns per meter. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread is twisted so the wick material comprises a number of complete turns of the at least one cotton thread selected from the group consisting of less than 34 turns per meter, less than 32 turns per meter, less than 30 turns per meter, less than 28 turns per meter, less than 26 turns per meter, and less than 24 turns per meter. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising scouring cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread in a scouring liquid comprising water and one or more of:
i) at least one of NaOH:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 0.1%, more than 0.2%, more than 0.3%, and more than 0.4%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 1%, less than 0.9%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.7%, and less than 0.6;
ii) at least one of H2O2:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 0.5%, more than 0.7%, more than 0.9%, more than 1.1%, more than 1.3%, and more than 1.5%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 3%, less than 2.8%, less than 2.6%, less than 2.4%, less than 2.2%, and less than 2.0%; or
iii) at least one of citric acid monohydrate:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 1%, more than 1.5%, more than 2.0%, and more than 2.5%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 5%, less than 4.5%, less than 4%, and less than 3.5%. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising removing the cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread from the scouring liquid and leaving the cotton to drain for at least one of:
a period selected from the group consisting of more than 10 minutes, more than 15 minutes, more than 20 minutes, and more than 25 minutes; or a period selected from the group comprising: less than 60 minutes, less than 50 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 40 minutes, and less than 35 minutes. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising drying the cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread by heating the cotton to a drying temperature for a drying time,
wherein at least one of:
the drying temperature is selected from the group consisting of more than 90 degrees Celsius, more than 95 degrees Celsius, more than 100 degrees Celsius, more than 105 degrees, Celsius more than 110 degrees Celsius, and more than 115 degrees Celsius; or
the drying temperature is selected from the group consisting of less than 150 degrees Celsius, less than 145 degrees Celsius, less than 140 degrees Celsius, less than 135 degrees Celsius, less than 130 degrees Celsius, and less than 125 degrees Celsius; or
wherein at least one of:
the drying time is selected from the group consisting of more than 1 minute, more than 2 minutes, more than 3 minutes, and more than 4 minutes, or
the drying time is selected from the group consisting of less than 20 minutes, less than 15 minutes, less than 10 minutes, less than 9 minutes, less than 8 minutes, less than 7 minutes, and less than 6 minutes. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the wicking material in a closed contained with a humidity of between 40% and 70% for a storage time before further processing. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising cutting the wick material to at least one of:
a length selected from the group consisting of more than 10 mm, more than 11 mm, more than 12 mm, more than 13 mm, more than 14 mm, more than 15 mm, more than 16 mm, more than 17 mm, more than 18 mm, and more than 19 mm; or a length selected from the group consisting of less than 30 mm, less than 29 mm, less than 28 mm, less than 27 mm, less than 26 mm, less than 24 mm, less than 24 mm, less than 23 mm, less than 22 mm, and less than 21 mm. 18. Wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, wherein the wick material comprises:
at least one twisted cotton thread, wherein a diameter of the wick material is within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of a target diameter. 19. A vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system comprising a liquid transport element formed from the wick material of claim 18. 20. The vaporizer assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heating element in contact with the liquid transport element. 21. An apparatus comprising the vaporizer assembly of claim 20 and a reservoir for source liquid, wherein the liquid transport element is arranged to draw source liquid from the reservoir to the heating element for heating to generate vapor for user inhalation. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is a cartridge for use in a vapor provision system. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is a vapor provision system and further comprises a controller and a battery, wherein the controller is configured to selectively control a supply of power from the battery to the vaporizer assembly. 24. Wicking means for use as liquid transport means in a vapor provision means, wherein the wicking means comprises:
at least one twisted cotton thread means, wherein a diameter of the wicking means is within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of a target diameter. | A method of manufacturing wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, the method including providing at least one cotton thread; and twisting the at least one cotton thread to form the wick material, wherein the wick material diameter is controlled to meet a target diameter within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of the target diameter.1. A method of manufacturing wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, the method comprising:
providing at least one cotton thread; and twisting the at least one cotton thread to form the wick material, wherein a diameter of the wick material is controlled to meet a target diameter within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of the target diameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of more than 0.3 g/m, more than 0.4 g/m, more than 0.5 g/m, and more than 0.6 g/m. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of less than 1.2 g/m, less than 1.1 g/m, less than 1.0 g/m, less than 0.9 g/m, and less than 0.8 g/m. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a cross-sectional area selected from the group consisting of more than 1 mm2, more than 2 mm2, more than 3 mm2, and more than 4 mm2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread has a cross-sectional area selected from the group consisting of less than 9 mm2, less than 8 mm2, less than 7 mm2, and less than 6 mm2. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of more than 0.5 g/m, more than 0.6 g/m, more than 0.7 g/m, more than 0.8 g/m, more than 0.9 g/m, more than 1.0 g/m, more than 1.1 g/m, more than 1.2 g/m, and more than 1.3 g/m. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a linear mass selected from the group consisting of less than 2.5 g/m, less than 2.4 g/m, less than 2.3 g/m, less than 2.2 g/m, less than 2.1 g/m, less than 2.0. g/m, less than 1.9 g/m, less than 1.8 g/m, less than 1.7 g/m, less than 1.6 g/m, and less than 1.5 g/m. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a diameter selected from the group consisting more than 2.7 mm, more than 2.8 mm, more than 2.9 mm, more than 3.0 mm, more than 3.1 mm, more than 3.2 mm, more than 3.3 mm, and more than 3.4 mm. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the wick material has a diameter selected from the group consisting of less than 4.5 mm, less than 4.4 mm, less than 4.3 mm, less than 4.2 mm, less than 4.1 mm, less than 4.0 mm, less than 3.9 mm, less than 3.8 mm, less than 3.7 mm, and less than 3.6 mm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cotton threads are formed from cotton having an average fiber length selected from the group consisting of more than 15 mm, more than 20 mm, more than 25 mm, and more than 30 mm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread is twisted so the wick material comprises a number of complete turns of the at least one cotton thread selected from the group consisting of more than 10 turns per meter, more than 12 turns per meter, more than 14 turns per meter, more than 16 turns per meter, more than 18 turns per meter, and more than 20 turns per meter. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cotton thread is twisted so the wick material comprises a number of complete turns of the at least one cotton thread selected from the group consisting of less than 34 turns per meter, less than 32 turns per meter, less than 30 turns per meter, less than 28 turns per meter, less than 26 turns per meter, and less than 24 turns per meter. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising scouring cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread in a scouring liquid comprising water and one or more of:
i) at least one of NaOH:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 0.1%, more than 0.2%, more than 0.3%, and more than 0.4%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 1%, less than 0.9%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.7%, and less than 0.6;
ii) at least one of H2O2:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 0.5%, more than 0.7%, more than 0.9%, more than 1.1%, more than 1.3%, and more than 1.5%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 3%, less than 2.8%, less than 2.6%, less than 2.4%, less than 2.2%, and less than 2.0%; or
iii) at least one of citric acid monohydrate:
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of more than 1%, more than 1.5%, more than 2.0%, and more than 2.5%; or
in an amount by weight selected from the group consisting of less than 5%, less than 4.5%, less than 4%, and less than 3.5%. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising removing the cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread from the scouring liquid and leaving the cotton to drain for at least one of:
a period selected from the group consisting of more than 10 minutes, more than 15 minutes, more than 20 minutes, and more than 25 minutes; or a period selected from the group comprising: less than 60 minutes, less than 50 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 40 minutes, and less than 35 minutes. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising drying the cotton used to form the at least one cotton thread by heating the cotton to a drying temperature for a drying time,
wherein at least one of:
the drying temperature is selected from the group consisting of more than 90 degrees Celsius, more than 95 degrees Celsius, more than 100 degrees Celsius, more than 105 degrees, Celsius more than 110 degrees Celsius, and more than 115 degrees Celsius; or
the drying temperature is selected from the group consisting of less than 150 degrees Celsius, less than 145 degrees Celsius, less than 140 degrees Celsius, less than 135 degrees Celsius, less than 130 degrees Celsius, and less than 125 degrees Celsius; or
wherein at least one of:
the drying time is selected from the group consisting of more than 1 minute, more than 2 minutes, more than 3 minutes, and more than 4 minutes, or
the drying time is selected from the group consisting of less than 20 minutes, less than 15 minutes, less than 10 minutes, less than 9 minutes, less than 8 minutes, less than 7 minutes, and less than 6 minutes. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the wicking material in a closed contained with a humidity of between 40% and 70% for a storage time before further processing. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising cutting the wick material to at least one of:
a length selected from the group consisting of more than 10 mm, more than 11 mm, more than 12 mm, more than 13 mm, more than 14 mm, more than 15 mm, more than 16 mm, more than 17 mm, more than 18 mm, and more than 19 mm; or a length selected from the group consisting of less than 30 mm, less than 29 mm, less than 28 mm, less than 27 mm, less than 26 mm, less than 24 mm, less than 24 mm, less than 23 mm, less than 22 mm, and less than 21 mm. 18. Wick material for use as a liquid transport element in a vapor provision system, wherein the wick material comprises:
at least one twisted cotton thread, wherein a diameter of the wick material is within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of a target diameter. 19. A vaporizer assembly for use in a vapor provision system comprising a liquid transport element formed from the wick material of claim 18. 20. The vaporizer assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heating element in contact with the liquid transport element. 21. An apparatus comprising the vaporizer assembly of claim 20 and a reservoir for source liquid, wherein the liquid transport element is arranged to draw source liquid from the reservoir to the heating element for heating to generate vapor for user inhalation. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is a cartridge for use in a vapor provision system. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is a vapor provision system and further comprises a controller and a battery, wherein the controller is configured to selectively control a supply of power from the battery to the vaporizer assembly. 24. Wicking means for use as liquid transport means in a vapor provision means, wherein the wicking means comprises:
at least one twisted cotton thread means, wherein a diameter of the wicking means is within a tolerance of +5%/−2.5% of a target diameter. | 3,600 |
338,743 | 16,641,784 | 3,614 | A bending machine includes a first track device and a second track device. A first base and a first robot are movable on the first track device. A second base and a second robot are movable on the second track device. A first bending mechanism is arranged at one end of the first robot. A second bending mechanism is arranged at one end of the second robot. A workpiece feeding device is provided at a position that is on one end side in an extending direction of the first track device and the second track device and is reachable by at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism. The workpiece feeding device feeds the workpiece in a manner that a longitudinal direction of the workpiece is orthogonal to the extending direction of the first track device and the second track device. | 1. A bending machine configured to bend an elongated workpiece comprising:
a first track device and a second track device arranged in parallel to extend along straight lines parallel to each other; a first base placed on the first track device to be movable on the first track device; a second base placed on the second track device to be movable on the second track device; a first robot mounted on the first base; a second robot mounted on the second base; a first bending mechanism arranged at one end of the first robot and configured to grip and bend the workpiece; a second bending mechanism arranged at one end of the second robot and configured to grip and bend the workpiece; and a workpiece feeding device provided on one end side in an extending direction of the first track device and the second track device and configured to feed the workpiece, wherein the first robot is a multi-articulated robot that is provided with a plurality of joints including at least a first joint that rotates the first robot around a vertical axis relative to the first base on which the first robot is mounted and a second joint that bends the first robot around an axis nonparallel to an axis of the first joint of the first robot, and the first robot moves the first bending mechanism by operations of the first joint and the second joint of the first robot, wherein the second robot is a multi-articulated robot that is provided with a plurality of joints including at least a first joint that rotates the second robot around a vertical axis relative to the second base on which the second robot is mounted and a second joint that bends the second robot around an axis nonparallel to an axis of the first joint of the second robot, and the second robot moves the second bending mechanism by operations of the first joint and the second joint of the second robot, and wherein the workpiece feeding device is arranged at a position reachable by at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism and is configured to feed the workpiece in a manner that a longitudinal direction of the workpiece is orthogonal to the extending direction of the first track device and the second track device. 2. The bending machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a chuck device that is arranged between the first track device and the second track device separately from the first track device and the second track device and is configured to grip the workpiece, wherein the chuck device is configured to grip the workpiece conveyed from the workpiece feeding device by at least one of the first robot and the second robot. 3. The bending machine according to claim 2, further comprising:
a controller configured to control operations of the first base, the second base, the first robot, the second robot, the first bending mechanism, the second bending mechanism, and the chuck device, wherein a connection relation among the joints of the first robot and the first bending mechanism and a connection relation among the joints of the second robot and the second bending mechanism are configured to be identical to each other, and wherein, when the controller allows the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism to grip the workpiece supplied by the workpiece feeding device, the controller is configured to control the operations of the first joint and the second joint of the first robot and the operations of the first joint and the second joint of the second robot so that a rotation position of the first robot around the first joint thereof is different from a rotation position of the second robot around the first joint thereof by 180 degrees, and a direction from the second joint of the first robot towards the first bending mechanism and a direction from the second joint of the second robot towards the second bending mechanism are respectively directions from the respective second joints towards the workpiece feeding device. 4. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein
the workpiece feeding device includes:
a first conveyor including a plurality of holders configured to hold the workpieces one by one, move the workpieces up temporarily, and then move the workpieces down;
a second conveyor configured to supply the workpieces to the holders of the first conveyor; and
a third conveyor configured to convey the workpieces moved up temporarily and then moved down by the holders of the first conveyor one by one to a position where at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism can grip the workpiece. 5. The bending machine according to claim 4, further comprising;
a speed controller configured to increase a drive speed of the second conveyor when the number of the holders of the first conveyor holding the workpieces is less than a predetermined number, compared to a case where the number is equal to or greater than the predetermined number. 6. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein each of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism includes a bending die and a clamping die, which is engaged with the bending die, and is configured to grip and bend the workpiece by pinching the workpiece with the bending die and the clamping die. 7. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein each of the first robot and the second robot is a vertical multi-articulated robot having six axes or more. | A bending machine includes a first track device and a second track device. A first base and a first robot are movable on the first track device. A second base and a second robot are movable on the second track device. A first bending mechanism is arranged at one end of the first robot. A second bending mechanism is arranged at one end of the second robot. A workpiece feeding device is provided at a position that is on one end side in an extending direction of the first track device and the second track device and is reachable by at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism. The workpiece feeding device feeds the workpiece in a manner that a longitudinal direction of the workpiece is orthogonal to the extending direction of the first track device and the second track device.1. A bending machine configured to bend an elongated workpiece comprising:
a first track device and a second track device arranged in parallel to extend along straight lines parallel to each other; a first base placed on the first track device to be movable on the first track device; a second base placed on the second track device to be movable on the second track device; a first robot mounted on the first base; a second robot mounted on the second base; a first bending mechanism arranged at one end of the first robot and configured to grip and bend the workpiece; a second bending mechanism arranged at one end of the second robot and configured to grip and bend the workpiece; and a workpiece feeding device provided on one end side in an extending direction of the first track device and the second track device and configured to feed the workpiece, wherein the first robot is a multi-articulated robot that is provided with a plurality of joints including at least a first joint that rotates the first robot around a vertical axis relative to the first base on which the first robot is mounted and a second joint that bends the first robot around an axis nonparallel to an axis of the first joint of the first robot, and the first robot moves the first bending mechanism by operations of the first joint and the second joint of the first robot, wherein the second robot is a multi-articulated robot that is provided with a plurality of joints including at least a first joint that rotates the second robot around a vertical axis relative to the second base on which the second robot is mounted and a second joint that bends the second robot around an axis nonparallel to an axis of the first joint of the second robot, and the second robot moves the second bending mechanism by operations of the first joint and the second joint of the second robot, and wherein the workpiece feeding device is arranged at a position reachable by at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism and is configured to feed the workpiece in a manner that a longitudinal direction of the workpiece is orthogonal to the extending direction of the first track device and the second track device. 2. The bending machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a chuck device that is arranged between the first track device and the second track device separately from the first track device and the second track device and is configured to grip the workpiece, wherein the chuck device is configured to grip the workpiece conveyed from the workpiece feeding device by at least one of the first robot and the second robot. 3. The bending machine according to claim 2, further comprising:
a controller configured to control operations of the first base, the second base, the first robot, the second robot, the first bending mechanism, the second bending mechanism, and the chuck device, wherein a connection relation among the joints of the first robot and the first bending mechanism and a connection relation among the joints of the second robot and the second bending mechanism are configured to be identical to each other, and wherein, when the controller allows the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism to grip the workpiece supplied by the workpiece feeding device, the controller is configured to control the operations of the first joint and the second joint of the first robot and the operations of the first joint and the second joint of the second robot so that a rotation position of the first robot around the first joint thereof is different from a rotation position of the second robot around the first joint thereof by 180 degrees, and a direction from the second joint of the first robot towards the first bending mechanism and a direction from the second joint of the second robot towards the second bending mechanism are respectively directions from the respective second joints towards the workpiece feeding device. 4. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein
the workpiece feeding device includes:
a first conveyor including a plurality of holders configured to hold the workpieces one by one, move the workpieces up temporarily, and then move the workpieces down;
a second conveyor configured to supply the workpieces to the holders of the first conveyor; and
a third conveyor configured to convey the workpieces moved up temporarily and then moved down by the holders of the first conveyor one by one to a position where at least one of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism can grip the workpiece. 5. The bending machine according to claim 4, further comprising;
a speed controller configured to increase a drive speed of the second conveyor when the number of the holders of the first conveyor holding the workpieces is less than a predetermined number, compared to a case where the number is equal to or greater than the predetermined number. 6. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein each of the first bending mechanism and the second bending mechanism includes a bending die and a clamping die, which is engaged with the bending die, and is configured to grip and bend the workpiece by pinching the workpiece with the bending die and the clamping die. 7. The bending machine according to claim 1, wherein each of the first robot and the second robot is a vertical multi-articulated robot having six axes or more. | 3,600 |
338,744 | 16,641,754 | 3,614 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate includes a substrate, a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate, the pixel definition layer including a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels, and a fingerprint recognition sensor located in the inter-pixel portions. | 1. A display substrate comprising:
a substrate; a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate, the pixel definition layer comprising a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels; and a fingerprint recognition sensor located in at least one of the inter-pixel portions. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint recognition sensor is an ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor, and wherein the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises a generator and a receiver. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator and the receiver are located in different inter-pixel portions, respectively. 4. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator and the receiver are located in a same inter-pixel portion. 5. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator comprises a first lower electrode, a first piezoelectric material, and a first upper electrode which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and wherein the receiver comprises a second lower electrode, a second piezoelectric material, and a second upper electrode which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate. 6. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the first lower electrode is disposed in the same layer as the second lower electrode, and wherein the first upper electrode is disposed in the same layer as the second upper electrode. 7. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the first piezoelectric material is disposed in the same layer as the second piezoelectric material. 8. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the generator and the receiver parallel to a surface of the substrate comprises a square, a circle, a triangle, or a rhombus. 9. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device comprising an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode which are sequentially disposed in a direction perpendicular to the substrate,
wherein the anode is disposed in the same layer as the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode, and wherein the cathode covers the pixel definition layer and the light emitting layer. 10. The display substrate according to claim 9, further comprising:
a TFT layer located between the substrate and the light emitting device and located between the substrate and the pixel definition layer; a planarization layer located between the TFT layer and the light emitting device and located between the TFT layer and the pixel definition layer; an encapsulation layer located on the cathode; and a touch layer located on the encapsulation layer. 11. A display device comprising the display substrate according to claim 1. 12. A method for manufacturing a display substrate comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate; and forming the pixels on the substrate and in the pixel definition layer, the pixel definition layer comprising a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels, wherein forming the pixel definition layer comprises forming a fingerprint recognition sensor in at least one of the inter-pixel portions. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the fingerprint recognition sensor is an ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor, wherein the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises a generator and a receiver, and wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in different inter-pixel portions or positioning the generator and the receiver in a same inter-pixel portion. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in different inter-pixel portions, the inter-pixel portion comprising a first inter-pixel portion and a second inter-pixel portion located on opposite sides of the pixel, and wherein forming the first inter-pixel portion, the second inter-pixel portion, and the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises:
forming a first lower electrode in a region for forming the first inter-pixel portion on the substrate, and forming a second lower electrode in a region for forming the second inter-pixel portion on the substrate; forming a first portion of the first inter-pixel portion covering the substrate and the first lower electrode in the region for forming the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a first portion of the second inter-pixel portion covering the substrate and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the second inter-pixel portion; forming a first hole exposing the first lower electrode in the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a second hole exposing the second lower electrode in the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion; forming a first piezoelectric material in the first hole, and forming a second piezoelectric material in the second hole; forming a first upper electrode on the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material, and forming a second upper electrode on the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and forming a second portion of the first inter-pixel portion on the first upper electrode and the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a second portion of the second inter-pixel portion on the second upper electrode and the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein forming the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode comprises:
forming a first conductive layer on the substrate; and patterning the first conductive layer to form the first lower electrode in the region for forming the first inter-pixel portion and form the second lower electrode in the region for forming the second inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the first upper electrode and the second upper electrode comprises:
forming a second conductive layer covering the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and covering the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and
patterning the second conductive layer to form the first upper electrode on the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and form the second upper electrode on the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in the same inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises:
forming a first lower electrode and a second lower electrode in a region for forming the inter-pixel portion on the substrate; forming a first portion of the inter-pixel portion covering the substrate, the first lower electrode, and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the inter-pixel portion; forming a first hole exposing the first lower electrode and a second hole exposing the second lower electrode in the first portion of the inter-pixel portion; forming a first piezoelectric material in the first hole, and forming a second piezoelectric material in the second hole; forming a first upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material, and forming a second upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and forming a second portion of the inter-pixel portion on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion, the first upper electrode, and the second upper electrode. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein forming the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode comprises:
forming a first conductive layer on the substrate; and patterning the first conductive layer to form the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the first upper electrode and the second upper electrode comprises:
forming a second conductive layer covering the first portion of the inter-pixel portion, the first piezoelectric material and the second piezoelectric material; and
patterning the second conductive layer to form the first upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and form the second upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device, and wherein forming the light emitting device comprises:
forming an anode on the substrate, wherein the anode is formed simultaneously with the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the anode; and forming a cathode on the light emitting layer and the pixel definition layer. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
forming a TFT layer on the substrate before forming the pixel definition layer and the fingerprint recognition sensor; forming a planarization layer on the TFT layer; forming an encapsulation layer on the cathode after forming the cathode; and forming a touch layer on the encapsulation layer. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device, and wherein forming the light emitting device comprises:
forming an anode on the substrate, wherein the anode is formed simultaneously with the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the anode; and forming a cathode on the light emitting layer and the pixel definition layer. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate includes a substrate, a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate, the pixel definition layer including a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels, and a fingerprint recognition sensor located in the inter-pixel portions.1. A display substrate comprising:
a substrate; a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate, the pixel definition layer comprising a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels; and a fingerprint recognition sensor located in at least one of the inter-pixel portions. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint recognition sensor is an ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor, and wherein the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises a generator and a receiver. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator and the receiver are located in different inter-pixel portions, respectively. 4. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator and the receiver are located in a same inter-pixel portion. 5. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the generator comprises a first lower electrode, a first piezoelectric material, and a first upper electrode which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and wherein the receiver comprises a second lower electrode, a second piezoelectric material, and a second upper electrode which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate. 6. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the first lower electrode is disposed in the same layer as the second lower electrode, and wherein the first upper electrode is disposed in the same layer as the second upper electrode. 7. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the first piezoelectric material is disposed in the same layer as the second piezoelectric material. 8. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the generator and the receiver parallel to a surface of the substrate comprises a square, a circle, a triangle, or a rhombus. 9. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device comprising an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode which are sequentially disposed in a direction perpendicular to the substrate,
wherein the anode is disposed in the same layer as the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode, and wherein the cathode covers the pixel definition layer and the light emitting layer. 10. The display substrate according to claim 9, further comprising:
a TFT layer located between the substrate and the light emitting device and located between the substrate and the pixel definition layer; a planarization layer located between the TFT layer and the light emitting device and located between the TFT layer and the pixel definition layer; an encapsulation layer located on the cathode; and a touch layer located on the encapsulation layer. 11. A display device comprising the display substrate according to claim 1. 12. A method for manufacturing a display substrate comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a pixel definition layer for defining pixels on the substrate; and forming the pixels on the substrate and in the pixel definition layer, the pixel definition layer comprising a plurality of inter-pixel portions located between adjacent pixels, wherein forming the pixel definition layer comprises forming a fingerprint recognition sensor in at least one of the inter-pixel portions. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the fingerprint recognition sensor is an ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor, wherein the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises a generator and a receiver, and wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in different inter-pixel portions or positioning the generator and the receiver in a same inter-pixel portion. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in different inter-pixel portions, the inter-pixel portion comprising a first inter-pixel portion and a second inter-pixel portion located on opposite sides of the pixel, and wherein forming the first inter-pixel portion, the second inter-pixel portion, and the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises:
forming a first lower electrode in a region for forming the first inter-pixel portion on the substrate, and forming a second lower electrode in a region for forming the second inter-pixel portion on the substrate; forming a first portion of the first inter-pixel portion covering the substrate and the first lower electrode in the region for forming the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a first portion of the second inter-pixel portion covering the substrate and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the second inter-pixel portion; forming a first hole exposing the first lower electrode in the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a second hole exposing the second lower electrode in the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion; forming a first piezoelectric material in the first hole, and forming a second piezoelectric material in the second hole; forming a first upper electrode on the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material, and forming a second upper electrode on the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and forming a second portion of the first inter-pixel portion on the first upper electrode and the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion, and forming a second portion of the second inter-pixel portion on the second upper electrode and the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein forming the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode comprises:
forming a first conductive layer on the substrate; and patterning the first conductive layer to form the first lower electrode in the region for forming the first inter-pixel portion and form the second lower electrode in the region for forming the second inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the first upper electrode and the second upper electrode comprises:
forming a second conductive layer covering the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and covering the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and
patterning the second conductive layer to form the first upper electrode on the first portion of the first inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and form the second upper electrode on the first portion of the second inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises positioning the generator and the receiver in the same inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition sensor comprises:
forming a first lower electrode and a second lower electrode in a region for forming the inter-pixel portion on the substrate; forming a first portion of the inter-pixel portion covering the substrate, the first lower electrode, and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the inter-pixel portion; forming a first hole exposing the first lower electrode and a second hole exposing the second lower electrode in the first portion of the inter-pixel portion; forming a first piezoelectric material in the first hole, and forming a second piezoelectric material in the second hole; forming a first upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material, and forming a second upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material; and forming a second portion of the inter-pixel portion on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion, the first upper electrode, and the second upper electrode. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein forming the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode comprises:
forming a first conductive layer on the substrate; and patterning the first conductive layer to form the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode in the region for forming the inter-pixel portion, and wherein forming the first upper electrode and the second upper electrode comprises:
forming a second conductive layer covering the first portion of the inter-pixel portion, the first piezoelectric material and the second piezoelectric material; and
patterning the second conductive layer to form the first upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the first piezoelectric material and form the second upper electrode on the first portion of the inter-pixel portion and the second piezoelectric material. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device, and wherein forming the light emitting device comprises:
forming an anode on the substrate, wherein the anode is formed simultaneously with the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the anode; and forming a cathode on the light emitting layer and the pixel definition layer. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
forming a TFT layer on the substrate before forming the pixel definition layer and the fingerprint recognition sensor; forming a planarization layer on the TFT layer; forming an encapsulation layer on the cathode after forming the cathode; and forming a touch layer on the encapsulation layer. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the pixel comprises a light emitting device, and wherein forming the light emitting device comprises:
forming an anode on the substrate, wherein the anode is formed simultaneously with the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the anode; and forming a cathode on the light emitting layer and the pixel definition layer. | 3,600 |
338,745 | 16,641,793 | 3,614 | There is described a system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, the system comprising: a driving apparatus configured to house and oscillate a microfluidic cartridge; and a microfluidic cartridge comprising at least one incubation chamber, such that when the system is in use, the incubation chamber may be oscillated back and forth along an oscillation path using a preferred oscillation protocol. There is also described a method of growing a microorganism in liquid culture, the method comprising disposing a microorganism and suitable growth medium into an incubation chamber; and mixing the microorganism and growth medium by oscillating the incubation chamber back and forth along an oscillation path using a preferred oscillation protocol. There is also described a microfluidic cartridge that may be used to grow microorganisms using the system and methods described above. | 1. A system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, comprising:
(a) a rotating platform on a driving apparatus; and (b) at least one cartridge comprising a plurality of incubation chambers which rests upon said rotating platform, wherein said rotating platform provides turbulent mixing within the plurality of incubation chambers. 2. A system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, comprising:
(a) a driving apparatus configured to house and oscillate a microfluidic cartridge; and (b) a microfluidic cartridge secured with respect to the driving apparatus, the microfluidic cartridge comprising: a body portion and at least a first incubation chamber comprising (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1; wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a circular disc. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curved. 5. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is rectilinear. 6. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curvilinear. 7. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is wedge-shaped. 8. The system of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles into the incubation chamber. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 11. The system of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber comprises a breathable membrane. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 16. The system of any of claims 2 to 7 wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles into the incubation chamber. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 19. The system of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber comprises breathable membrane. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 24. The system of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein both the first wall of the incubation chamber and the second wall of the incubation chamber are gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles in the chamber. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 27. The system of any of claims 24 to 26, wherein the first wall and the second wall of the incubation chamber each comprises a breathable membrane. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 32. The system of any of claims 2 to 31, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a plurality of incubation chambers. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is integrally disposed in a common body portion of the cartridge. 34. The system of claim 32 or 33, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are disposed annularly around a central axis on the microfluidic cartridge 35. The system of any of claims 32 to 34, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is configured to oscillate in unison about the central axis. 36. The system of any of claims 32 to 35, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are fluidically isolated from one another. 37. The system of any of claims 2 to 36, wherein the microfluidic cartridge further comprises at least one additional processing chamber disposed in the body portion of the microfluidic cartridge. 38. The system of claim 37 wherein the additional processing chamber is connected to the first incubation chamber by a microfluidic pathway on the microfluidic cartridge. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the additional processing chamber is located upstream from the first incubation chamber. 40. The system of claim 38, wherein the additional processing chamber is located downstream from the first incubation chamber. 41. The system of any of claims 2 to 40, wherein the body of the microfluidic cartridge comprises a polymer. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the polymer is selected from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) and nylon. 43. The system of any of claims 2 to 42, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge in an arcuate oscillation path. 44. The system of claim 43, wherein the arcuate oscillation path has an oscillation angle of about 180 degrees. 45. The system of any of claims 2 to 42, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge in a linear oscillation path. 46. The system of any of claims 2 to 45, wherein driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at a predetermined oscillation frequency between 1 and 5 Hz. 47. The system of claim 46, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 4 Hz. 48. The system of claim 46, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 2 Hz. 49. The system of any of claims 2 to 48, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at an angular acceleration in a range between 100 to 500 rad/s2. 50. The system of any of claims 2 to 48, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at an angular acceleration in a range between 150 to 210 rad/s2. 51. The system of any of claims 2 to 50, further comprising an incubator comprising a heating element, wherein the heater may be used to incubate the microfluidic cartridge by subjecting the microfluidic cartridge to temperatures sufficient for growing microorganisms over a predetermined incubation period. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein said heating element comprises metal. 53. The system of claim 52, wherein the heating element is formed from a material comprising at least one of nickel/chrome (Ni/Cr), copper/nickel (Cu/Ni), or iron/chromium/aluminum (Fe/Cr/Al). 54. A method for growing a microorganism in a liquid culture comprising:
(a) disposing a microorganism and a suitable growth medium in a first incubation chamber, wherein the incubation chamber comprises (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable; and (b) mixing the microorganism and the growth medium by oscillating the incubation chamber back and forth along an oscillation path at a predetermined oscillation frequency. 55. The method of claim 54, further comprising the step of incubating the microorganism by placing the incubation chamber in an incubator for a predetermined incubation period. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the incubator comprises a heating element. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the heating element comprises metal. 58. The method of claim 56 or 57, wherein the heating element is formed from a material comprising at least one of nickel/chrome (Ni/Cr), copper/nickel (Cu/Ni), or iron/chromium/aluminum (Fe/Cr/Al). 59. The method of any of claims 54 to 58, further comprising disposing a microorganism and a suitable growth medium in at least one additional incubation chamber. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the growth medium in the first incubation chamber comprises an anti-microbial agent free cell culture medium, and the growth medium in the at least one additional incubation chamber comprises at least one anti-microbial agent. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the anti-microbial agent is an antibiotic. 62. The method of any of claims 54 to 61, further comprising incubating the microorganism in a bacterial growth broth solution. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the bacterial growth broth solution is a cation-adjusted broth solution. 64. The method of any of claims 54 to 63, further comprising the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber during mixing. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing gas through a gas permeable portion of the first wall of the incubation chamber. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing gas through a gas permeable portion of the second wall of the incubation chamber. 67. The method of any of claims 54 to 66, further comprising the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber during mixing. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing waste gases through a gas permeable portion of the first wall of the incubation chamber. 69. The method of claim 67 wherein the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing waste gases through a gas permeable portion of the second wall of the incubation chamber. 70. The method of any of claims 54 to 69, wherein the oscillation path is an arcuate path. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the arcuate path has an oscillation angle between 100 and 260 degrees. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the arcuate path has an oscillation angle of about 180 degrees. 73. The method of any of claims 54 to 69 wherein the oscillation path is linear. 74. The method of any of claims 54 to 73, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is between 1 and 5 Hz. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 4 Hz. 76. The method of claim 74, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 2 Hz. 77. The method of any of claims 54 to 76, wherein the incubation chamber is oscillated at an angular acceleration in a range between 100 to 500 rad/s2. 78. The method of any one of claims 54 to 77, wherein the microorganism is bacteria. 79. The method of any one of claims 54 to 78, wherein the microorganism is gram-positive. 80. The method of any one of claims 54 to 78, wherein the microorganism is gram-negative. 81. The method of any one of claims 54 to 77, wherein the microorganism is fungal. 82. The method of any one of claims 54 to 81, wherein the microorganism and suitable growth medium when disposed in a first incubation chamber occupy no more than ⅔ of the chamber volume, such that there remains a head space within the incubation chamber. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the headspace is configured such that when the incubation chamber is oscillated back and forth along an oscillation path, the head space creates more surface area for gas exchange within the chamber. 84. The method of claim 82 or 83, wherein the head space is between ⅓ to ½ of the total chamber volume. 85. A microfluidic cartridge for growing a microorganism in liquid culture comprising:
(a) a body portion having a mounting portion configured to be secured with respect to a driving apparatus; (b) at least a first incubation chamber disposed in the body portion of the first incubation chamber comprising (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1; wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable. 86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a circular disc. 87. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curved. 88. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is rectilinear. 89. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curvilinear. 90. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is wedge-shaped. 91. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles into the incubation chamber. 93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 94. The apparatus of any of claims 91 to 93, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber comprises a breathable membrane. 95. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 96. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 97. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 98. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 99. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90 wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 100. The apparatus of claim 99, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles into the incubation chamber. 101. The apparatus of claim 99, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 102. The apparatus of any of claims 99 to 101, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber comprises breathable membrane. 103. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 104. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 105. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 107. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90 wherein both the first wall of the incubation chamber and the second wall of the incubation chamber are gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 108. The apparatus of claim 107 wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles in the chamber. 109. The apparatus of claim 107, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 110. The apparatus of any of claims 107 to 109, wherein the first wall and the second wall of the incubation chamber each comprises a breathable membrane. 111. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 112. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 113. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 114. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 115. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 114, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a plurality of incubation chambers. 116. The apparatus of claim 115, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is integrally disposed in a common body portion of the cartridge. 117. The apparatus of claim 115 or 116, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are disposed annularly around a central axis on the microfluidic cartridge 118. The apparatus of any of claims 115 to 117, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is configured to oscillate in unison about the central axis. 119. The apparatus of any of claims 115 to 118, wherein the plurality incubation chambers are fluidly isolated from one another. 120. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 119, wherein the microfluidic cartridge further comprises at least one additional processing chamber disposed in the body portion of the microfluidic cartridge. 121. The apparatus of claim 120 wherein the additional processing chamber is connected to the first incubation chamber by a microfluidic pathway on the microfluidic cartridge. 122. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the additional processing chamber is located upstream from the first incubation chamber. 123. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the additional processing chamber is located downstream from the first incubation chamber. 124. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 123, wherein the body of the microfluidic cartridge comprises a polymer. 125. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the polymer is selected from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and nylon. | There is described a system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, the system comprising: a driving apparatus configured to house and oscillate a microfluidic cartridge; and a microfluidic cartridge comprising at least one incubation chamber, such that when the system is in use, the incubation chamber may be oscillated back and forth along an oscillation path using a preferred oscillation protocol. There is also described a method of growing a microorganism in liquid culture, the method comprising disposing a microorganism and suitable growth medium into an incubation chamber; and mixing the microorganism and growth medium by oscillating the incubation chamber back and forth along an oscillation path using a preferred oscillation protocol. There is also described a microfluidic cartridge that may be used to grow microorganisms using the system and methods described above.1. A system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, comprising:
(a) a rotating platform on a driving apparatus; and (b) at least one cartridge comprising a plurality of incubation chambers which rests upon said rotating platform, wherein said rotating platform provides turbulent mixing within the plurality of incubation chambers. 2. A system for growing a microorganism in liquid culture, comprising:
(a) a driving apparatus configured to house and oscillate a microfluidic cartridge; and (b) a microfluidic cartridge secured with respect to the driving apparatus, the microfluidic cartridge comprising: a body portion and at least a first incubation chamber comprising (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1; wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a circular disc. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curved. 5. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is rectilinear. 6. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curvilinear. 7. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is wedge-shaped. 8. The system of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles into the incubation chamber. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 11. The system of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber comprises a breathable membrane. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 16. The system of any of claims 2 to 7 wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles into the incubation chamber. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 19. The system of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber comprises breathable membrane. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 24. The system of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein both the first wall of the incubation chamber and the second wall of the incubation chamber are gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow the introduction of oxygen bubbles in the chamber. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 27. The system of any of claims 24 to 26, wherein the first wall and the second wall of the incubation chamber each comprises a breathable membrane. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 32. The system of any of claims 2 to 31, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a plurality of incubation chambers. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is integrally disposed in a common body portion of the cartridge. 34. The system of claim 32 or 33, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are disposed annularly around a central axis on the microfluidic cartridge 35. The system of any of claims 32 to 34, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is configured to oscillate in unison about the central axis. 36. The system of any of claims 32 to 35, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are fluidically isolated from one another. 37. The system of any of claims 2 to 36, wherein the microfluidic cartridge further comprises at least one additional processing chamber disposed in the body portion of the microfluidic cartridge. 38. The system of claim 37 wherein the additional processing chamber is connected to the first incubation chamber by a microfluidic pathway on the microfluidic cartridge. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the additional processing chamber is located upstream from the first incubation chamber. 40. The system of claim 38, wherein the additional processing chamber is located downstream from the first incubation chamber. 41. The system of any of claims 2 to 40, wherein the body of the microfluidic cartridge comprises a polymer. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the polymer is selected from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) and nylon. 43. The system of any of claims 2 to 42, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge in an arcuate oscillation path. 44. The system of claim 43, wherein the arcuate oscillation path has an oscillation angle of about 180 degrees. 45. The system of any of claims 2 to 42, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge in a linear oscillation path. 46. The system of any of claims 2 to 45, wherein driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at a predetermined oscillation frequency between 1 and 5 Hz. 47. The system of claim 46, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 4 Hz. 48. The system of claim 46, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 2 Hz. 49. The system of any of claims 2 to 48, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at an angular acceleration in a range between 100 to 500 rad/s2. 50. The system of any of claims 2 to 48, wherein the driving apparatus is configured to oscillate the microfluidic cartridge at an angular acceleration in a range between 150 to 210 rad/s2. 51. The system of any of claims 2 to 50, further comprising an incubator comprising a heating element, wherein the heater may be used to incubate the microfluidic cartridge by subjecting the microfluidic cartridge to temperatures sufficient for growing microorganisms over a predetermined incubation period. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein said heating element comprises metal. 53. The system of claim 52, wherein the heating element is formed from a material comprising at least one of nickel/chrome (Ni/Cr), copper/nickel (Cu/Ni), or iron/chromium/aluminum (Fe/Cr/Al). 54. A method for growing a microorganism in a liquid culture comprising:
(a) disposing a microorganism and a suitable growth medium in a first incubation chamber, wherein the incubation chamber comprises (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable; and (b) mixing the microorganism and the growth medium by oscillating the incubation chamber back and forth along an oscillation path at a predetermined oscillation frequency. 55. The method of claim 54, further comprising the step of incubating the microorganism by placing the incubation chamber in an incubator for a predetermined incubation period. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the incubator comprises a heating element. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the heating element comprises metal. 58. The method of claim 56 or 57, wherein the heating element is formed from a material comprising at least one of nickel/chrome (Ni/Cr), copper/nickel (Cu/Ni), or iron/chromium/aluminum (Fe/Cr/Al). 59. The method of any of claims 54 to 58, further comprising disposing a microorganism and a suitable growth medium in at least one additional incubation chamber. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the growth medium in the first incubation chamber comprises an anti-microbial agent free cell culture medium, and the growth medium in the at least one additional incubation chamber comprises at least one anti-microbial agent. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the anti-microbial agent is an antibiotic. 62. The method of any of claims 54 to 61, further comprising incubating the microorganism in a bacterial growth broth solution. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the bacterial growth broth solution is a cation-adjusted broth solution. 64. The method of any of claims 54 to 63, further comprising the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber during mixing. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing gas through a gas permeable portion of the first wall of the incubation chamber. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of introducing gas into the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing gas through a gas permeable portion of the second wall of the incubation chamber. 67. The method of any of claims 54 to 66, further comprising the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber during mixing. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing waste gases through a gas permeable portion of the first wall of the incubation chamber. 69. The method of claim 67 wherein the step of exhausting waste gases from the incubation chamber is accomplished by passing waste gases through a gas permeable portion of the second wall of the incubation chamber. 70. The method of any of claims 54 to 69, wherein the oscillation path is an arcuate path. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the arcuate path has an oscillation angle between 100 and 260 degrees. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the arcuate path has an oscillation angle of about 180 degrees. 73. The method of any of claims 54 to 69 wherein the oscillation path is linear. 74. The method of any of claims 54 to 73, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is between 1 and 5 Hz. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 4 Hz. 76. The method of claim 74, wherein the predetermined oscillation frequency is 2 Hz. 77. The method of any of claims 54 to 76, wherein the incubation chamber is oscillated at an angular acceleration in a range between 100 to 500 rad/s2. 78. The method of any one of claims 54 to 77, wherein the microorganism is bacteria. 79. The method of any one of claims 54 to 78, wherein the microorganism is gram-positive. 80. The method of any one of claims 54 to 78, wherein the microorganism is gram-negative. 81. The method of any one of claims 54 to 77, wherein the microorganism is fungal. 82. The method of any one of claims 54 to 81, wherein the microorganism and suitable growth medium when disposed in a first incubation chamber occupy no more than ⅔ of the chamber volume, such that there remains a head space within the incubation chamber. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the headspace is configured such that when the incubation chamber is oscillated back and forth along an oscillation path, the head space creates more surface area for gas exchange within the chamber. 84. The method of claim 82 or 83, wherein the head space is between ⅓ to ½ of the total chamber volume. 85. A microfluidic cartridge for growing a microorganism in liquid culture comprising:
(a) a body portion having a mounting portion configured to be secured with respect to a driving apparatus; (b) at least a first incubation chamber disposed in the body portion of the first incubation chamber comprising (i) a first wall, (ii) a second wall opposed to the first wall, and (iii) at least one sidewall interconnecting the first wall and the second wall to define a chamber interior having a chamber volume and configured to contain a liquid, wherein a ratio of the first wall surface area to chamber volume is at least about 19 mm−1; wherein at least a portion of at least one of the first wall and second wall is gas permeable. 86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a circular disc. 87. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curved. 88. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is rectilinear. 89. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is curvilinear. 90. The apparatus of claim 85 or 86, wherein a cross-section of the incubation chamber viewed through the first wall is wedge-shaped. 91. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles into the incubation chamber. 93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 94. The apparatus of any of claims 91 to 93, wherein the first wall of the incubation chamber comprises a breathable membrane. 95. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 96. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 97. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 98. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 99. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90 wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is gas permeable to permit a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 100. The apparatus of claim 99, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles into the incubation chamber. 101. The apparatus of claim 99, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber is configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 102. The apparatus of any of claims 99 to 101, wherein the second wall of the incubation chamber comprises breathable membrane. 103. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 104. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 105. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 107. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 90 wherein both the first wall of the incubation chamber and the second wall of the incubation chamber are gas permeable to facilitate a flow of gas into and out of the chamber interior. 108. The apparatus of claim 107 wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow the introduction of gas bubbles in the chamber. 109. The apparatus of claim 107, wherein the gas permeable first wall and second wall of the incubation chamber are configured to allow waste gases to be exhausted from the incubation chamber. 110. The apparatus of any of claims 107 to 109, wherein the first wall and the second wall of the incubation chamber each comprises a breathable membrane. 111. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a biocompatible, polymer film that is gas permeable and liquid and microbe impermeable. 112. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane comprises a gas-permeable thermopolymer. 113. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the breathable membrane is fabricated from a material comprising copolymer. 114. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the copolymer comprises polyester-polyurethane copolymer or polyether-polyurethane copolymer. 115. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 114, wherein the microfluidic cartridge comprises a plurality of incubation chambers. 116. The apparatus of claim 115, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is integrally disposed in a common body portion of the cartridge. 117. The apparatus of claim 115 or 116, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers are disposed annularly around a central axis on the microfluidic cartridge 118. The apparatus of any of claims 115 to 117, wherein the plurality of incubation chambers is configured to oscillate in unison about the central axis. 119. The apparatus of any of claims 115 to 118, wherein the plurality incubation chambers are fluidly isolated from one another. 120. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 119, wherein the microfluidic cartridge further comprises at least one additional processing chamber disposed in the body portion of the microfluidic cartridge. 121. The apparatus of claim 120 wherein the additional processing chamber is connected to the first incubation chamber by a microfluidic pathway on the microfluidic cartridge. 122. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the additional processing chamber is located upstream from the first incubation chamber. 123. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the additional processing chamber is located downstream from the first incubation chamber. 124. The apparatus of any of claims 85 to 123, wherein the body of the microfluidic cartridge comprises a polymer. 125. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the polymer is selected from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and nylon. | 3,600 |
338,746 | 16,641,737 | 3,614 | A shift register unit, a gate driving circuit, a display device, and a driving method are provided. The shift register unit includes an input circuit, an output circuit, and a first node control circuit. The input circuit is configured to charge a first node in response to an input signal; the output circuit is configured to output an output signal at an output terminal under control of a level signal of the first node; and the first node control circuit is configured to receive a precharge control signal from a precharge control terminal and charge the first node in response to the precharge control signal before the output terminal outputs the output signal. | 1. A shift register unit, comprising an input circuit, an output circuit, and a first node control circuit,
wherein the input circuit is configured to charge a first node in response to an input signal; the output circuit is configured to output an output signal at an output terminal under control of a level signal of the first node; and the first node control circuit is configured to receive a precharge control signal from a precharge control terminal and charge the first node in response to the precharge control signal before the output terminal outputs the output signal. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit is connected to the first node, the output circuit comprises the output terminal, and the output circuit is connected to the first node, and the first node control circuit is connected to the first node and the precharge control terminal, respectively. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising an output control circuit,
wherein the output control circuit is respectively connected to the output terminal and the precharge control terminal, and is configured to receive the precharge control signal from the precharge control terminal and to control the output terminal to be at an invalid output level during a non-output phase in response to the precharge control signal. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first node control circuit comprises a first capacitor,
a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 3, wherein the output control circuit comprises a first transistor,
a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a first node reset circuit,
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit,
wherein the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node and a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the output terminal comprises a shift output terminal and at least one scan signal output terminal. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the at least one scan signal output terminal comprises one scan signal output terminal, the output circuit comprises a second transistor, a third transistor, and a second capacitor;
a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a clock signal terminal to receive a clock signal, a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal; a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to the clock signal terminal to receive the clock signal, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal; a first electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the scan signal output terminal or the shift output terminal; and the clock signal is transmitted to the output terminal and serves as the output signal. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 3, further comprising: a first node reset circuit, a total reset circuit, a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit;
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and is configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal; the total reset circuit is connected to the first node and is configured to reset the first node in response to a total reset signal; the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node, a second node, and a third node, and is configured to control a level of the second node and a level of the third node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node; the first node control circuit comprises: a first capacitor, wherein a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal; the output control circuit comprises: a first transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage; in a case where the output terminal comprises a shift output terminal and one scan signal output terminal, the output circuit comprises a second transistor, a third transistor, and a second capacitor, a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a clock signal terminal to receive a clock signal, a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal; a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to the clock signal terminal to receive the clock signal, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal; a first electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the scan signal output terminal or the shift output terminal; the clock signal is transmitted to the output terminal and serves as the output signal, the input circuit comprises: a fourth transistor, wherein a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fourth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to an input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to the first node; the first node reset circuit comprises: a fifth transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is configured to be connected to a reset terminal to receive the reset signal, a first electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage; the total reset circuit comprises: a sixth transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a total reset terminal to receive the total reset signal, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the second node control circuit comprises a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, a twenty-seventh transistor, a twenty-eighth transistor, a twenty-ninth transistor, and a twentieth transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a first control node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a third voltage terminal to receive a third voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the second node; a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the second node, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the ninth transistor and a first electrode of the ninth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to the third voltage terminal to receive the third voltage, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the first control node; a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the first control node, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to a second control node, a first electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to a fourth voltage terminal to receive a fourth voltage, and a second electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to the third node; a gate electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the third node, and a second electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor and a first electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to the fourth voltage terminal to receive the fourth voltage, and a second electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor is connected to the second control node; a gate electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the second control node, and a second electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the first node noise reduction circuit comprises an eleventh transistor and a twenty-first transistor, a gate electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the output noise reduction circuit is implemented as a twelfth transistor, a twenty-second transistor, a thirteenth transistor, and a twenty-third transistor, a gate electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the shift output terminal, and a second electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal, and a second electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal, and a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage; and a gate electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal, and a second electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage. 11. A gate driving circuit, comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1. 12. The gate driving circuit according to claim 11, wherein
except for first to m-th stages of shift register units, a precharge control terminal of a remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of an upper stage of shift register unit that is separated by at least m stages from the remaining stage of shift register; except for the first to m-th stages of shift register units, an input terminal of the remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of an upper stage of shift register unit that is separated by (m−1) stages from the remaining stage of shift register; and except for last m-stage of shift register units, a reset terminal of the remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of a lower stage of shift register unit that is separated by (m−1) stages from the remaining stage of shift register, wherein m is an integer greater than two. 13. A display device, comprising the gate driving circuit according to claim 11. 14. A driving method of the shift register unit according to claim 1, comprising:
in a first phase, by the first node control circuit, charging the first node in response to the precharge control signal; in a second phase, by the input circuit, charging the first node in response to an input signal; and in a third phase, by the output circuit, outputting the output signal at the output terminal under control of the level signal of the first node. 15. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the shift register unit further comprises an output control circuit, the first phase of the driving method further comprises:
by the output control circuit, controlling the output terminal to be at an invalid output level in response to the precharge control signal. 16. The shift register unit according to claim 2, further comprising an output control circuit,
wherein the output control circuit is respectively connected to the output terminal and the precharge control terminal, and is configured to receive the precharge control signal from the precharge control terminal and to control the output terminal to be at an invalid output level during a non-output phase in response to the precharge control signal. 17. The shift register unit according to claim 16, wherein the first node control circuit comprises a first capacitor,
a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal. 18. The shift register unit according to claim 17, further comprising a first node reset circuit,
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal. 19. The shift register unit according to claim 18, further comprising a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit,
wherein the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node and a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node. 20. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit comprises a fourth transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fourth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to an input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to the first node. | A shift register unit, a gate driving circuit, a display device, and a driving method are provided. The shift register unit includes an input circuit, an output circuit, and a first node control circuit. The input circuit is configured to charge a first node in response to an input signal; the output circuit is configured to output an output signal at an output terminal under control of a level signal of the first node; and the first node control circuit is configured to receive a precharge control signal from a precharge control terminal and charge the first node in response to the precharge control signal before the output terminal outputs the output signal.1. A shift register unit, comprising an input circuit, an output circuit, and a first node control circuit,
wherein the input circuit is configured to charge a first node in response to an input signal; the output circuit is configured to output an output signal at an output terminal under control of a level signal of the first node; and the first node control circuit is configured to receive a precharge control signal from a precharge control terminal and charge the first node in response to the precharge control signal before the output terminal outputs the output signal. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit is connected to the first node, the output circuit comprises the output terminal, and the output circuit is connected to the first node, and the first node control circuit is connected to the first node and the precharge control terminal, respectively. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising an output control circuit,
wherein the output control circuit is respectively connected to the output terminal and the precharge control terminal, and is configured to receive the precharge control signal from the precharge control terminal and to control the output terminal to be at an invalid output level during a non-output phase in response to the precharge control signal. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first node control circuit comprises a first capacitor,
a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 3, wherein the output control circuit comprises a first transistor,
a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a first node reset circuit,
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit,
wherein the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node and a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the output terminal comprises a shift output terminal and at least one scan signal output terminal. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the at least one scan signal output terminal comprises one scan signal output terminal, the output circuit comprises a second transistor, a third transistor, and a second capacitor;
a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a clock signal terminal to receive a clock signal, a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal; a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to the clock signal terminal to receive the clock signal, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal; a first electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the scan signal output terminal or the shift output terminal; and the clock signal is transmitted to the output terminal and serves as the output signal. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 3, further comprising: a first node reset circuit, a total reset circuit, a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit;
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and is configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal; the total reset circuit is connected to the first node and is configured to reset the first node in response to a total reset signal; the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node, a second node, and a third node, and is configured to control a level of the second node and a level of the third node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node; the first node control circuit comprises: a first capacitor, wherein a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal; the output control circuit comprises: a first transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage; in a case where the output terminal comprises a shift output terminal and one scan signal output terminal, the output circuit comprises a second transistor, a third transistor, and a second capacitor, a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a clock signal terminal to receive a clock signal, a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal; a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to the clock signal terminal to receive the clock signal, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal; a first electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the scan signal output terminal or the shift output terminal; the clock signal is transmitted to the output terminal and serves as the output signal, the input circuit comprises: a fourth transistor, wherein a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fourth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to an input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to the first node; the first node reset circuit comprises: a fifth transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is configured to be connected to a reset terminal to receive the reset signal, a first electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage; the total reset circuit comprises: a sixth transistor, wherein a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a total reset terminal to receive the total reset signal, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the second node control circuit comprises a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, a twenty-seventh transistor, a twenty-eighth transistor, a twenty-ninth transistor, and a twentieth transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a first control node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a third voltage terminal to receive a third voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the second node; a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the second node, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the ninth transistor and a first electrode of the ninth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to the third voltage terminal to receive the third voltage, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the first control node; a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the first control node, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to a second control node, a first electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to a fourth voltage terminal to receive a fourth voltage, and a second electrode of the twenty-seventh transistor is connected to the third node; a gate electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the third node, and a second electrode of the twenty-eighth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor and a first electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to the fourth voltage terminal to receive the fourth voltage, and a second electrode of the twenty-ninth transistor is connected to the second control node; a gate electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the second control node, and a second electrode of the twentieth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the first node noise reduction circuit comprises an eleventh transistor and a twenty-first transistor, a gate electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the eleventh transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the twenty-first transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; the output noise reduction circuit is implemented as a twelfth transistor, a twenty-second transistor, a thirteenth transistor, and a twenty-third transistor, a gate electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the shift output terminal, and a second electrode of the twelfth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the shift output terminal, and a second electrode of the twenty-second transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage; a gate electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal, and a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage; and a gate electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the third node, a first electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the scan signal output terminal, and a second electrode of the twenty-third transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage. 11. A gate driving circuit, comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1. 12. The gate driving circuit according to claim 11, wherein
except for first to m-th stages of shift register units, a precharge control terminal of a remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of an upper stage of shift register unit that is separated by at least m stages from the remaining stage of shift register; except for the first to m-th stages of shift register units, an input terminal of the remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of an upper stage of shift register unit that is separated by (m−1) stages from the remaining stage of shift register; and except for last m-stage of shift register units, a reset terminal of the remaining stage of shift register unit is connected to an output terminal of a lower stage of shift register unit that is separated by (m−1) stages from the remaining stage of shift register, wherein m is an integer greater than two. 13. A display device, comprising the gate driving circuit according to claim 11. 14. A driving method of the shift register unit according to claim 1, comprising:
in a first phase, by the first node control circuit, charging the first node in response to the precharge control signal; in a second phase, by the input circuit, charging the first node in response to an input signal; and in a third phase, by the output circuit, outputting the output signal at the output terminal under control of the level signal of the first node. 15. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the shift register unit further comprises an output control circuit, the first phase of the driving method further comprises:
by the output control circuit, controlling the output terminal to be at an invalid output level in response to the precharge control signal. 16. The shift register unit according to claim 2, further comprising an output control circuit,
wherein the output control circuit is respectively connected to the output terminal and the precharge control terminal, and is configured to receive the precharge control signal from the precharge control terminal and to control the output terminal to be at an invalid output level during a non-output phase in response to the precharge control signal. 17. The shift register unit according to claim 16, wherein the first node control circuit comprises a first capacitor,
a first electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the precharge control terminal to receive the precharge control signal. 18. The shift register unit according to claim 17, further comprising a first node reset circuit,
wherein the first node reset circuit is connected to the first node and configured to reset the first node in response to a reset signal. 19. The shift register unit according to claim 18, further comprising a second node control circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and an output noise reduction circuit,
wherein the second node control circuit is respectively connected to the first node and a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node under control of the level signal of the first node; the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of a level signal of the second node; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the second node and the output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the output terminal under control of the level signal of the second node. 20. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit comprises a fourth transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fourth transistor are electrically connected to each other, and are configured to be both connected to an input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is configured to be connected to the first node. | 3,600 |
338,747 | 16,641,777 | 3,614 | In various exemplary embodiments, a device for determining the gloss value of hair is provided. The device includes a light source for illuminating at least one hair with light, where the at least one hair is arranged to extend along a cylinder section-like carrier in such a way that a plurality of adjacent hair sections is arranged essentially perpendicular to a cylinder axis. The device further includes a portable camera for capturing a digital image of the at least one hair during illumination and a portable electronic data processing device for determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image. | 1. A method for determining a gloss value of hair, comprising:
illuminating at least one hair with light, wherein said at least one hair is arranged to extend along a cylinder support in such a way that a plurality of adjacent hair sections is arranged perpendicular to a cylinder axis; during illumination, capturing a digital image of the at least one hair by a portable camera; and determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the light is linearly polarized, with an oscillation plane of the polarized light running along the cylinder axis. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the determining of the gloss value of the hair comprises determining a maximum brightness value in a hair region of the digital image and assigning the maximum brightness value to a gloss value. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the determining of the gloss value of the hair comprises determining a gloss area in a hair region of the digital image, summing gloss brightness values of all image elements in the gloss area, and assigning the sum to a gloss value. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
positioning the portable camera so that an angle between a main direction from which the light illuminates the hair and an optical axis of the portable camera has an angle of approximately 45°. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the illuminating of the at least one hair is effected by a light source which together with the portable camera is part of an integrated portable device. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging the hair on a cylindrical body. 8. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the digital image is parameterized in a color space having brightness as a parameter. 9. A method for determining a hair care product and/or a hair treatment recommendation, comprising:
determining a gloss value of hair according to the method of claim 1; and determining a hair care product and/or a hair treatment recommendation for gloss enhancement based on the determined gloss value. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
initiating an online ordering process of the identified hair care product and/or providing an indication of where the identified hair care product is available. 11. A device for determining a gloss value of hair, comprising:
a light source for illuminating at least one hair with light, wherein the at least one hair is arranged extending along a cylinder support so that a plurality of hair sections arranged side by side are perpendicular to a cylinder axis; a portable camera for capturing a digital image of the at least one hair during illumination; and a portable electronic data processing device for determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image. 12. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the portable camera and the data processing device are part of an integrated portable device. 13. The device according to claim 12,
wherein the light source is part of the integrated portable device. 14. The device according to claim 12,
wherein the integrated portable device comprises a smartphone, tablet or phablet. 15. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the light emitted from the light source is linearly polarized light. | In various exemplary embodiments, a device for determining the gloss value of hair is provided. The device includes a light source for illuminating at least one hair with light, where the at least one hair is arranged to extend along a cylinder section-like carrier in such a way that a plurality of adjacent hair sections is arranged essentially perpendicular to a cylinder axis. The device further includes a portable camera for capturing a digital image of the at least one hair during illumination and a portable electronic data processing device for determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image.1. A method for determining a gloss value of hair, comprising:
illuminating at least one hair with light, wherein said at least one hair is arranged to extend along a cylinder support in such a way that a plurality of adjacent hair sections is arranged perpendicular to a cylinder axis; during illumination, capturing a digital image of the at least one hair by a portable camera; and determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the light is linearly polarized, with an oscillation plane of the polarized light running along the cylinder axis. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the determining of the gloss value of the hair comprises determining a maximum brightness value in a hair region of the digital image and assigning the maximum brightness value to a gloss value. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the determining of the gloss value of the hair comprises determining a gloss area in a hair region of the digital image, summing gloss brightness values of all image elements in the gloss area, and assigning the sum to a gloss value. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
positioning the portable camera so that an angle between a main direction from which the light illuminates the hair and an optical axis of the portable camera has an angle of approximately 45°. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the illuminating of the at least one hair is effected by a light source which together with the portable camera is part of an integrated portable device. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging the hair on a cylindrical body. 8. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the digital image is parameterized in a color space having brightness as a parameter. 9. A method for determining a hair care product and/or a hair treatment recommendation, comprising:
determining a gloss value of hair according to the method of claim 1; and determining a hair care product and/or a hair treatment recommendation for gloss enhancement based on the determined gloss value. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
initiating an online ordering process of the identified hair care product and/or providing an indication of where the identified hair care product is available. 11. A device for determining a gloss value of hair, comprising:
a light source for illuminating at least one hair with light, wherein the at least one hair is arranged extending along a cylinder support so that a plurality of hair sections arranged side by side are perpendicular to a cylinder axis; a portable camera for capturing a digital image of the at least one hair during illumination; and a portable electronic data processing device for determining a gloss value of the hair based on the digital image. 12. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the portable camera and the data processing device are part of an integrated portable device. 13. The device according to claim 12,
wherein the light source is part of the integrated portable device. 14. The device according to claim 12,
wherein the integrated portable device comprises a smartphone, tablet or phablet. 15. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the light emitted from the light source is linearly polarized light. | 3,600 |
338,748 | 16,641,741 | 3,614 | The present invention relates to a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) comprising an active agent-containing layer structure comprising A) a backing layer and B) a biphasic matrix layer, the biphasic matrix layer having a) a continuous, outer phase having a composition comprising 70 to 100% by weight of at least one polymer, b) a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising the active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase and c) an emulsifier in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer, processes of manufacture and uses thereof, corresponding methods of treatments therewith. | 1. Transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of an active agent comprising an active agent-containing layer structure, the active agent-containing layer structure comprising
A) a backing layer, and B) a biphasic matrix layer, the biphasic matrix layer having
a) a continuous, outer phase having a composition comprising 70 to 100% by weight of at least one polymer,
b) a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising the active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase,
wherein the discontinuous, inner phase forms dispersed deposits in the continuous, outer phase,
and
c) an emulsifier in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer,
wherein the emulsifier is selected from a group consisting of emulsifiers which, when blended at about 500 to 1500 rpm with an equal weight amount of the composition of the continuous, outer phase for about 1 hour in a test tube, provide a mixture with the composition of the continuous, outer phase showing less than 20% of phase separation after storage for about 24 hours at about 20° C., determined by comparing the height of the separated phase in the test tube and the height of the total content in the test tube. 2. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the biphasic matrix layer contains 0.1 to less than 20%, or 0.5 to 10%, or 0.5 to 5% by weight of the emulsifier. 3. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier based on polysiloxane, an emulsifier based on polyisobutylene, an emulsifier based on ethoxylated castor oil, an emulsifier based on poloxamer, and mixtures thereof. 4. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on polysiloxane. 5. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claims 1 to 4, wherein the emulsifier comprises at least one polydimethylsiloxane copolymerized or crosspolymerized with at least polyethylene glycol. 6. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 5, wherein the polyethylene glycol has an average number of ethylene oxide repeating units of 10 to 20. 7. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the emulsifier is based on polysiloxanes selected from the group consisting of PEG-12 dimethicone crosspolymer, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-19/19 dimethicone, bis-isobutyl PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer, and mixtures thereof. 8. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on polyisobutylene, preferably comprising at least one polyisobutylene linked to a succinic acid derivative. 9. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on ethoxylated castor oil selected from the group consisting of polyoxyl 35 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 40 castor oil, polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 60 hydrogenated castor oil, and mixtures thereof. 10. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on poloxamer, wherein preferably the two polyethylene oxide blocks of the poloxamer have an ethylene oxide repeating units number of 12 and the propylene oxide block of the poloxamer has a propylene oxide repeating units number of 20. 11. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one polymer in the continuous, outer phase is polysiloxane or polyisobutylene. 12. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the at least one polymer in the continuous, outer phase is a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. 13. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the active agent is contained in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer, and/or wherein the active agent is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 mg/cm2 based on the biphasic matrix layer. 14. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of buprenorphine and diclofenac. 15. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the biphasic matrix layer has an area weight of more than 60 g/m2. 16. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the dissolver for the active agent is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, long-chain alcohols with more than four carbon atoms, fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols, long-chain esters with more than four carbon atoms, fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof. 17. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 16, wherein the active agent is in solution in a carboxylic acid to form an active agent-carboxylic acid mixture in the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer. 18. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the biphasic matrix layer further comprises a viscosity-increasing substance, preferably in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of the biphasic matrix layer. 19. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the dissolver for the active agent is a carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid is contained in an amount of from 2 to 20%, preferably from 5 to 15%, in particular from 6 to 12%, by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer. 20. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the active agent-containing layer structure is an active agent-containing self-adhesive layer structure, and wherein preferably the biphasic matrix layer is the skin contact layer. 21. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the active agent is buprenorphine, for use in a method of treating pain, preferably for use in a method of treating pain wherein the transdermal therapeutic system is applied for 7 days on the skin of a patient. 22. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the active agent is diclofenac, for use in a method of treating patients suffering from pain/inflammation such as osteoarthritis, shoulder periarthritis, muscle pain, low back pain, rheumatism, bruises, pulled muscles, lumbago, arthrosis, sweat gland abscess, or Multiple system atrophy. 23. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of diclofenac is provided for about 24 hours by said transdermal therapeutic system during an administration period on the skin of a human patient of about 24 hours. 24. Use of an emulsifier to reduce the maximum size of the dispersed deposits in a biphasic coating mixture during the process of preparing a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23. 25. Use of an emulsifier to reduce the maximum size of the dispersed deposits in the biphasic matrix layer of a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23. 26. Use of an emulsifier based on polysiloxane in a transdermal therapeutic system with an active agent-containing biphasic matrix layer having a discontinuous, inner phase and a continuous, outer phase for controlling the maximum sphere size of the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer. 27. Use of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier based on polyisobutylene, an emulsifier based on ethoxylated castor oil, and an emulsifier based on poloxamer in a transdermal therapeutic system with an active agent-containing biphasic matrix layer having a discontinuous, inner phase and a continuous, outer phase for controlling the maximum sphere size of the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer 28. Method of stabilizing a biphasic coating mixture that comprises a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising an active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase, the inner phase forming dispersed deposits in a continuous, outer phase comprising a polymer, by mixing the biphasic coating mixture with an emulsifier that is selected from a group consisting of emulsifiers which, when blended at about 500 to 1500 rpm with an equal weight amount of the composition of the continuous, outer phase for about 1 hour in a test tube, provide a mixture with the composition of the continuous, outer phase showing less than 20% of phase separation after storage for about 24 hours at about 20° C., determined by comparing the height of the separated phase in the test tube and the height of the total content in the test tube. 29. Method of manufacture of a biphasic matrix layer comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a stabilized biphasic coating mixture in accordance with claim 28, (2) coating the stabilized biphasic coating mixture on a film in an amount to provide a desired area weight, (3) evaporating the solvents to provide a biphasic matrix layer with the desired area weight. 30. Method of manufacture of a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a stabilized biphasic coating mixture comprising
a. a polymer,
b. an active agent,
c. a dissolver for the active agent
d. an emulsifier,
e. a solvent,
f. optionally a viscosity-increasing substance,
(2) coating the stabilized biphasic coating mixture on a film in an amount to provide the desired area weight,
(3) evaporating the solvents to provide a biphasic matrix layer with the desired area weight,
(4) laminating the biphasic matrix layer to a backing layer to provide an active agent-containing layer structure,
(5) optionally laminating the active agent-containing layer structure to an additional skin contact layer,
(6) optionally punching the individual systems from the buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure with the desired area of release, and
(7) optionally adhering to the individual systems an active-free self-adhesive layer structure comprising also a backing layer and an active agent-free pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and which is larger than the individual systems of buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure. | The present invention relates to a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) comprising an active agent-containing layer structure comprising A) a backing layer and B) a biphasic matrix layer, the biphasic matrix layer having a) a continuous, outer phase having a composition comprising 70 to 100% by weight of at least one polymer, b) a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising the active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase and c) an emulsifier in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer, processes of manufacture and uses thereof, corresponding methods of treatments therewith.1. Transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of an active agent comprising an active agent-containing layer structure, the active agent-containing layer structure comprising
A) a backing layer, and B) a biphasic matrix layer, the biphasic matrix layer having
a) a continuous, outer phase having a composition comprising 70 to 100% by weight of at least one polymer,
b) a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising the active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase,
wherein the discontinuous, inner phase forms dispersed deposits in the continuous, outer phase,
and
c) an emulsifier in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer,
wherein the emulsifier is selected from a group consisting of emulsifiers which, when blended at about 500 to 1500 rpm with an equal weight amount of the composition of the continuous, outer phase for about 1 hour in a test tube, provide a mixture with the composition of the continuous, outer phase showing less than 20% of phase separation after storage for about 24 hours at about 20° C., determined by comparing the height of the separated phase in the test tube and the height of the total content in the test tube. 2. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the biphasic matrix layer contains 0.1 to less than 20%, or 0.5 to 10%, or 0.5 to 5% by weight of the emulsifier. 3. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier based on polysiloxane, an emulsifier based on polyisobutylene, an emulsifier based on ethoxylated castor oil, an emulsifier based on poloxamer, and mixtures thereof. 4. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on polysiloxane. 5. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claims 1 to 4, wherein the emulsifier comprises at least one polydimethylsiloxane copolymerized or crosspolymerized with at least polyethylene glycol. 6. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 5, wherein the polyethylene glycol has an average number of ethylene oxide repeating units of 10 to 20. 7. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the emulsifier is based on polysiloxanes selected from the group consisting of PEG-12 dimethicone crosspolymer, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-19/19 dimethicone, bis-isobutyl PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer, and mixtures thereof. 8. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on polyisobutylene, preferably comprising at least one polyisobutylene linked to a succinic acid derivative. 9. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on ethoxylated castor oil selected from the group consisting of polyoxyl 35 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 40 castor oil, polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 60 hydrogenated castor oil, and mixtures thereof. 10. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is based on poloxamer, wherein preferably the two polyethylene oxide blocks of the poloxamer have an ethylene oxide repeating units number of 12 and the propylene oxide block of the poloxamer has a propylene oxide repeating units number of 20. 11. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one polymer in the continuous, outer phase is polysiloxane or polyisobutylene. 12. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the at least one polymer in the continuous, outer phase is a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. 13. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the active agent is contained in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer, and/or wherein the active agent is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 mg/cm2 based on the biphasic matrix layer. 14. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of buprenorphine and diclofenac. 15. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the biphasic matrix layer has an area weight of more than 60 g/m2. 16. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the dissolver for the active agent is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, long-chain alcohols with more than four carbon atoms, fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols, long-chain esters with more than four carbon atoms, fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof. 17. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with claim 16, wherein the active agent is in solution in a carboxylic acid to form an active agent-carboxylic acid mixture in the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer. 18. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the biphasic matrix layer further comprises a viscosity-increasing substance, preferably in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of the biphasic matrix layer. 19. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the dissolver for the active agent is a carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid is contained in an amount of from 2 to 20%, preferably from 5 to 15%, in particular from 6 to 12%, by weight based on the biphasic matrix layer. 20. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the active agent-containing layer structure is an active agent-containing self-adhesive layer structure, and wherein preferably the biphasic matrix layer is the skin contact layer. 21. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the active agent is buprenorphine, for use in a method of treating pain, preferably for use in a method of treating pain wherein the transdermal therapeutic system is applied for 7 days on the skin of a patient. 22. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the active agent is diclofenac, for use in a method of treating patients suffering from pain/inflammation such as osteoarthritis, shoulder periarthritis, muscle pain, low back pain, rheumatism, bruises, pulled muscles, lumbago, arthrosis, sweat gland abscess, or Multiple system atrophy. 23. Transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of diclofenac is provided for about 24 hours by said transdermal therapeutic system during an administration period on the skin of a human patient of about 24 hours. 24. Use of an emulsifier to reduce the maximum size of the dispersed deposits in a biphasic coating mixture during the process of preparing a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23. 25. Use of an emulsifier to reduce the maximum size of the dispersed deposits in the biphasic matrix layer of a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23. 26. Use of an emulsifier based on polysiloxane in a transdermal therapeutic system with an active agent-containing biphasic matrix layer having a discontinuous, inner phase and a continuous, outer phase for controlling the maximum sphere size of the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer. 27. Use of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier based on polyisobutylene, an emulsifier based on ethoxylated castor oil, and an emulsifier based on poloxamer in a transdermal therapeutic system with an active agent-containing biphasic matrix layer having a discontinuous, inner phase and a continuous, outer phase for controlling the maximum sphere size of the discontinuous, inner phase of the biphasic matrix layer 28. Method of stabilizing a biphasic coating mixture that comprises a discontinuous, inner phase having a composition comprising an active agent and a dissolver for the active agent in amount sufficient so that the active agent forms a solution with the dissolver in the inner phase, the inner phase forming dispersed deposits in a continuous, outer phase comprising a polymer, by mixing the biphasic coating mixture with an emulsifier that is selected from a group consisting of emulsifiers which, when blended at about 500 to 1500 rpm with an equal weight amount of the composition of the continuous, outer phase for about 1 hour in a test tube, provide a mixture with the composition of the continuous, outer phase showing less than 20% of phase separation after storage for about 24 hours at about 20° C., determined by comparing the height of the separated phase in the test tube and the height of the total content in the test tube. 29. Method of manufacture of a biphasic matrix layer comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a stabilized biphasic coating mixture in accordance with claim 28, (2) coating the stabilized biphasic coating mixture on a film in an amount to provide a desired area weight, (3) evaporating the solvents to provide a biphasic matrix layer with the desired area weight. 30. Method of manufacture of a transdermal therapeutic system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a stabilized biphasic coating mixture comprising
a. a polymer,
b. an active agent,
c. a dissolver for the active agent
d. an emulsifier,
e. a solvent,
f. optionally a viscosity-increasing substance,
(2) coating the stabilized biphasic coating mixture on a film in an amount to provide the desired area weight,
(3) evaporating the solvents to provide a biphasic matrix layer with the desired area weight,
(4) laminating the biphasic matrix layer to a backing layer to provide an active agent-containing layer structure,
(5) optionally laminating the active agent-containing layer structure to an additional skin contact layer,
(6) optionally punching the individual systems from the buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure with the desired area of release, and
(7) optionally adhering to the individual systems an active-free self-adhesive layer structure comprising also a backing layer and an active agent-free pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and which is larger than the individual systems of buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure. | 3,600 |
338,749 | 16,641,802 | 3,614 | Provided are a long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline, which has application in the treatment of Central Nervous System diseases such as Parkinson's disease, preparation method and use thereof. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula (I), wherein T is absent, or T is selected from | 1. A long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof, wherein the long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula I: 2. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H or D, R2 is methyl, H or D; each of R1 and R2 is independently H, D, or methyl. 3. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein,
W, and T are absent; X is absent, or X is selected from (CH2)m, wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 10; Y is selected from —C(═O)NH—, or —NHC(═O)—; and R3 is selected from aryl (such as naphthyl), substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C7-C27 alkyl. 4. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R3 is —CH═CHR4, wherein R4 is selected from phenyl substituted with one or more groups selected from OH, or alkoxy. 5. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from one of the following cholane aliphatic groups: 6. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula II: 7. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline is selected from one of the following compounds: 8. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 9. A method of preventing and/or treating a central nervous system disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering the prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, or the pharmaceutical composition wherein, the medicament is a long-acting drug. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the central nervous system disease is Parkinson's disease. | Provided are a long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline, which has application in the treatment of Central Nervous System diseases such as Parkinson's disease, preparation method and use thereof. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula (I), wherein T is absent, or T is selected from1. A long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof, wherein the long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula I: 2. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H or D, R2 is methyl, H or D; each of R1 and R2 is independently H, D, or methyl. 3. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein,
W, and T are absent; X is absent, or X is selected from (CH2)m, wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 10; Y is selected from —C(═O)NH—, or —NHC(═O)—; and R3 is selected from aryl (such as naphthyl), substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C7-C27 alkyl. 4. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R3 is —CH═CHR4, wherein R4 is selected from phenyl substituted with one or more groups selected from OH, or alkoxy. 5. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from one of the following cholane aliphatic groups: 6. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the prodrug of Rasagiline has a structure of formula II: 7. The long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the long-acting prodrug of Rasagiline is selected from one of the following compounds: 8. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 9. A method of preventing and/or treating a central nervous system disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering the prodrug of Rasagiline or a stereoisomer, or solvate thereof according to claim 1, or the pharmaceutical composition wherein, the medicament is a long-acting drug. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the central nervous system disease is Parkinson's disease. | 3,600 |
338,750 | 16,641,813 | 3,614 | A cloth clamping chuck and a cloth handling apparatus that can handle cloth so as to reduce falling of the cloth while avoiding damage to the cloth includes a pair of clamps, disposed facing each other, and an opening-closing means that moves the pair of clamps, relatively closer to or separated from each other. Each of the clamps has, at a leading end, a projecting part that projects toward the other opposite clamp. Each of surfaces of the projecting parts on a base end side of the clamps is formed either as a flat surface parallel to a facing direction of the pair of clamps or as an inclined surface inclining toward the above base end side while extending toward the other opposite projecting part. | 1. A cloth clamping chuck comprising a pair of clamps disposed facing each other, and an opening-closing means that moves the pair of clamps relatively closer to or separated from each other, wherein:
each of the clamps has, at a leading end, a projecting part that projects toward the other opposite clamp; and a surface of the projecting part on a base end side of the clamp is formed either as a flat surface parallel to a facing direction of the pair of clamps or as an inclined surface inclining toward the base end side while extending toward the other opposite projecting part. 2. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the projecting parts facing each other in a fully closed position of the pair of clamps. 3. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2, wherein the gap is set to be substantially equal to a thickness of two pieces of cloth to be clamped. 4. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 5. A cloth handling apparatus comprising the cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1 and a moving means that moves the cloth clamping chuck. 6. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 7. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 8. A cloth handling apparatus comprising the cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2 and a moving means that moves the cloth clamping chuck. | A cloth clamping chuck and a cloth handling apparatus that can handle cloth so as to reduce falling of the cloth while avoiding damage to the cloth includes a pair of clamps, disposed facing each other, and an opening-closing means that moves the pair of clamps, relatively closer to or separated from each other. Each of the clamps has, at a leading end, a projecting part that projects toward the other opposite clamp. Each of surfaces of the projecting parts on a base end side of the clamps is formed either as a flat surface parallel to a facing direction of the pair of clamps or as an inclined surface inclining toward the above base end side while extending toward the other opposite projecting part.1. A cloth clamping chuck comprising a pair of clamps disposed facing each other, and an opening-closing means that moves the pair of clamps relatively closer to or separated from each other, wherein:
each of the clamps has, at a leading end, a projecting part that projects toward the other opposite clamp; and a surface of the projecting part on a base end side of the clamp is formed either as a flat surface parallel to a facing direction of the pair of clamps or as an inclined surface inclining toward the base end side while extending toward the other opposite projecting part. 2. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the projecting parts facing each other in a fully closed position of the pair of clamps. 3. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2, wherein the gap is set to be substantially equal to a thickness of two pieces of cloth to be clamped. 4. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 5. A cloth handling apparatus comprising the cloth clamping chuck according to claim 1 and a moving means that moves the cloth clamping chuck. 6. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 7. The cloth clamping chuck according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the pair of clamps is provided so as to be able to swing around a swinging axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both an extension direction that is a direction from the base end toward the leading end of the clamp and the facing direction. 8. A cloth handling apparatus comprising the cloth clamping chuck according to claim 2 and a moving means that moves the cloth clamping chuck. | 3,600 |
338,751 | 16,641,818 | 3,614 | A transportation management system for a tank container allowed to be placed on a container freight car, the tank container including a vessel capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management system includes a vessel management device and a transportation management device to communicate with the vessel management device. The vessel management device includes a vessel information detection unit to detect vessel information of the vessel included in the tank container, and a vessel management device-side communication unit to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit to the transportation management device. The transportation management device includes a transportation management device-side communication unit to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device, and an output control unit to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit. | 1. A transportation management system for a tank container which is allowed to be placed on a container freight car, the tank container including a vessel which is capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management system comprising:
a vessel management device; and a transportation management device which is configured to communicate with the vessel management device, wherein the vessel management device includes a vessel information detection unit which is configured to detect vessel information of the vessel included in the tank container, and a vessel management device-side communication unit which is configured to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit to the transportation management device, and wherein the transportation management device includes a transportation management device-side communication unit which is configured to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device, and an output control unit which is configured to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit. 2. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output unit includes a display unit,
container-freight car position information indicating a position of the container freight car is displayed on the display unit, and the output control unit is configured to display the warning information on the display unit based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, wherein a display state of the container-freight car position information displayed on the display unit is changed in accordance with the vessel information. 3. The transportation management system according to claim 2, wherein the container freight car is one of a plurality of freight cars pulled by a locomotive, and
the container-freight car position information is information indicating the position of the container freight car in the plurality of freight cars pulled by the locomotive. 4. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output unit includes a sound output unit, and
the output control unit is configured to output a warning sound as the warning information to the sound output unit. 5. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit is configured to change the warning information to be output to the output unit, in stages, in accordance with a relation between the vessel information received by the transportation management device and a plurality of predetermined output conditions. 6. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel information detection unit includes a pressure detection unit which is configured to detect pressure in the vessel, and
the vessel information includes pressure information indicating the pressure detected by the pressure detection unit. 7. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel information detection unit includes a position detection unit which is configured to detect a current position of the vessel, and
the vessel information includes position information indicating the current position detected by the position detection unit. 8. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel management device-side communication unit and the transportation management device-side communication unit communicate with each other by at least one of a mobile phone communication network and a track circuit communication network. 9. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of portions in the vessel management device is driven with power generated by photovoltaic power generation. 10. A transportation management device for communicating with a vessel management device including a vessel information detection unit which is configured to detect vessel information of the vessel included in a tank container and a vessel management device-side communication unit which is configured to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit, wherein the tank container is allowed to be placed on a container freight car, and includes a vessel which is capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management device comprising:
a transportation management device-side communication unit which is configured to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device-side communication unit; and an output control unit which is configured to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit. 11. The transportation management device according to claim 10, wherein the output control unit generates a graph representing a change of pressure of the vessel with a change of time based on the vessel information and displays an image of the generated graph on a display unit included in the output unit. | A transportation management system for a tank container allowed to be placed on a container freight car, the tank container including a vessel capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management system includes a vessel management device and a transportation management device to communicate with the vessel management device. The vessel management device includes a vessel information detection unit to detect vessel information of the vessel included in the tank container, and a vessel management device-side communication unit to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit to the transportation management device. The transportation management device includes a transportation management device-side communication unit to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device, and an output control unit to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit.1. A transportation management system for a tank container which is allowed to be placed on a container freight car, the tank container including a vessel which is capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management system comprising:
a vessel management device; and a transportation management device which is configured to communicate with the vessel management device, wherein the vessel management device includes a vessel information detection unit which is configured to detect vessel information of the vessel included in the tank container, and a vessel management device-side communication unit which is configured to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit to the transportation management device, and wherein the transportation management device includes a transportation management device-side communication unit which is configured to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device, and an output control unit which is configured to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit. 2. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output unit includes a display unit,
container-freight car position information indicating a position of the container freight car is displayed on the display unit, and the output control unit is configured to display the warning information on the display unit based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, wherein a display state of the container-freight car position information displayed on the display unit is changed in accordance with the vessel information. 3. The transportation management system according to claim 2, wherein the container freight car is one of a plurality of freight cars pulled by a locomotive, and
the container-freight car position information is information indicating the position of the container freight car in the plurality of freight cars pulled by the locomotive. 4. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output unit includes a sound output unit, and
the output control unit is configured to output a warning sound as the warning information to the sound output unit. 5. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit is configured to change the warning information to be output to the output unit, in stages, in accordance with a relation between the vessel information received by the transportation management device and a plurality of predetermined output conditions. 6. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel information detection unit includes a pressure detection unit which is configured to detect pressure in the vessel, and
the vessel information includes pressure information indicating the pressure detected by the pressure detection unit. 7. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel information detection unit includes a position detection unit which is configured to detect a current position of the vessel, and
the vessel information includes position information indicating the current position detected by the position detection unit. 8. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein the vessel management device-side communication unit and the transportation management device-side communication unit communicate with each other by at least one of a mobile phone communication network and a track circuit communication network. 9. The transportation management system according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of portions in the vessel management device is driven with power generated by photovoltaic power generation. 10. A transportation management device for communicating with a vessel management device including a vessel information detection unit which is configured to detect vessel information of the vessel included in a tank container and a vessel management device-side communication unit which is configured to transmit the vessel information detected by the vessel information detection unit, wherein the tank container is allowed to be placed on a container freight car, and includes a vessel which is capable of accommodating liquefied natural gas and a frame body which supports the vessel, the transportation management device comprising:
a transportation management device-side communication unit which is configured to receive the vessel information from the vessel management device-side communication unit; and an output control unit which is configured to output warning information based on the vessel information received from the vessel management device, to an output unit. 11. The transportation management device according to claim 10, wherein the output control unit generates a graph representing a change of pressure of the vessel with a change of time based on the vessel information and displays an image of the generated graph on a display unit included in the output unit. | 3,600 |
338,752 | 16,641,800 | 3,614 | The method extracts an extract containing sea cucumber saponins. The extract is separated from sea cucumber meat exclusively by a specific heat treatment without conducting any chemical treatment with the use of an enzyme, ethanol, etc. The method includes: a step for heating sea cumbers from a starting temperature to a target heating temperature by a first temperature gradient; and a step for decreasing the temperature by a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient to thereby extract the sea cucumber extract. The sea cucumber extract is stored as a sea cucumber extract material in the form of a liquid concentrate, etc. Then an appropriate amount of the sea cucumber extract material is added to, for example, another sea cucumber extract material having been separated and extracted from sea cucumbers with a lower saponin content. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A method for extracting a sea cucumber extract containing a sea cucumber saponin from sea cucumbers by heat treatment, the method comprising:
a step of rapidly heating sea cucumbers to an initial heating temperature; a temperature increase step in which a temperature of the sea cucumbers is increased from the initial heating temperature to at least not less than a target heating temperature with a first temperature gradient; a step of determining whether the temperature of the sea cucumbers has been increased to at least not less than the target heating temperature; a temperature decrease step in which once at least the target temperature has been reached, the temperature of the sea cucumbers is decreased with a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient; and a step of determining whether the temperature of the sea cucumbers has been decreased to at least not more than a decrease target temperature, whereby the sea cucumber extract containing the sea cucumber saponin is separated from a sea cucumber meat portion and extracted from the sea cucumbers simply by heat treatment without any chemical treatment using enzymes, ethanol or the like. 10. The method for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 9, wherein
the first temperature gradient in the temperature increase step of increasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not less than the target heating temperature is in a range of 0.7° C./minute to 1.5° C./minute, and the second temperature gradient in the temperature decrease step of decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not more than the decrease target temperature is gentler than 1.0° C./2 minutes. 11. A method for manufacturing a foodstuff or formulation containing a sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of a predetermined reference value by combining a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value with a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value, the method comprising:
a first manufacturing step of manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the method for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 9 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a high sea cucumber saponin content; a second manufacturing step of manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the method for extracting a sea cucumber extract from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a low sea cucumber saponin content; and a third manufacturing step of mixing the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained in the first manufacturing step with the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained in the second manufacturing step, whereby a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of the predetermined reference value, or a foodstuff or formulation containing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material is manufactured. 12. A system for extracting a sea cucumber extract from sea cucumbers by heat treatment, the system comprising:
measures for rapidly heating sea cucumbers to an initial heating temperature; a temperature increase gradient adjustment measures whereby a temperature of the sea cucumbers is increased from the initial heating temperature to at least not less than a target heating temperature with a first temperature gradient; and a temperature decrease gradient adjustment measures whereby once the temperature of the sea cucumbers has reached at least the target heating temperature, the temperature of the sea cucumbers is decreased with a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient, wherein by decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to at least not more than a decrease target temperature, a sea cucumber extract containing a sea cucumber saponin is separated from a sea cucumber meat portion and extracted from the sea cucumbers simply by heat treatment without any chemical treatment using enzymes, ethanol or the like. 13. The system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12, wherein
the first temperature gradient in the temperature increase gradient adjustment measures for increasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not less than the target heating temperature is in a range of 0.7° C./minute to 1.5° C./minute, and the second temperature gradient in the temperature decrease gradient adjustment measures for decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not more than the decrease target temperature is 1.0° C./2 minutes to 1.0° C./5 minutes. 14. A system for manufacturing a foodstuff or formulation containing a sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of a predetermined reference value by combining a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value with a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value, the system comprising:
a first manufacturing measures for manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a high sea cucumber saponin content; a second manufacturing measures for manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a low sea cucumber saponin content; and a third manufacturing measures for mixing the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained by the first manufacturing measures with the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained by the second manufacturing measures, whereby a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of the predetermined reference value, or a foodstuff or formulation containing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material is manufactured. | The method extracts an extract containing sea cucumber saponins. The extract is separated from sea cucumber meat exclusively by a specific heat treatment without conducting any chemical treatment with the use of an enzyme, ethanol, etc. The method includes: a step for heating sea cumbers from a starting temperature to a target heating temperature by a first temperature gradient; and a step for decreasing the temperature by a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient to thereby extract the sea cucumber extract. The sea cucumber extract is stored as a sea cucumber extract material in the form of a liquid concentrate, etc. Then an appropriate amount of the sea cucumber extract material is added to, for example, another sea cucumber extract material having been separated and extracted from sea cucumbers with a lower saponin content.1-8. (canceled) 9. A method for extracting a sea cucumber extract containing a sea cucumber saponin from sea cucumbers by heat treatment, the method comprising:
a step of rapidly heating sea cucumbers to an initial heating temperature; a temperature increase step in which a temperature of the sea cucumbers is increased from the initial heating temperature to at least not less than a target heating temperature with a first temperature gradient; a step of determining whether the temperature of the sea cucumbers has been increased to at least not less than the target heating temperature; a temperature decrease step in which once at least the target temperature has been reached, the temperature of the sea cucumbers is decreased with a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient; and a step of determining whether the temperature of the sea cucumbers has been decreased to at least not more than a decrease target temperature, whereby the sea cucumber extract containing the sea cucumber saponin is separated from a sea cucumber meat portion and extracted from the sea cucumbers simply by heat treatment without any chemical treatment using enzymes, ethanol or the like. 10. The method for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 9, wherein
the first temperature gradient in the temperature increase step of increasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not less than the target heating temperature is in a range of 0.7° C./minute to 1.5° C./minute, and the second temperature gradient in the temperature decrease step of decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not more than the decrease target temperature is gentler than 1.0° C./2 minutes. 11. A method for manufacturing a foodstuff or formulation containing a sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of a predetermined reference value by combining a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value with a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value, the method comprising:
a first manufacturing step of manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the method for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 9 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a high sea cucumber saponin content; a second manufacturing step of manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the method for extracting a sea cucumber extract from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a low sea cucumber saponin content; and a third manufacturing step of mixing the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained in the first manufacturing step with the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained in the second manufacturing step, whereby a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of the predetermined reference value, or a foodstuff or formulation containing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material is manufactured. 12. A system for extracting a sea cucumber extract from sea cucumbers by heat treatment, the system comprising:
measures for rapidly heating sea cucumbers to an initial heating temperature; a temperature increase gradient adjustment measures whereby a temperature of the sea cucumbers is increased from the initial heating temperature to at least not less than a target heating temperature with a first temperature gradient; and a temperature decrease gradient adjustment measures whereby once the temperature of the sea cucumbers has reached at least the target heating temperature, the temperature of the sea cucumbers is decreased with a second temperature gradient that is gentler than the first temperature gradient, wherein by decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to at least not more than a decrease target temperature, a sea cucumber extract containing a sea cucumber saponin is separated from a sea cucumber meat portion and extracted from the sea cucumbers simply by heat treatment without any chemical treatment using enzymes, ethanol or the like. 13. The system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12, wherein
the first temperature gradient in the temperature increase gradient adjustment measures for increasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not less than the target heating temperature is in a range of 0.7° C./minute to 1.5° C./minute, and the second temperature gradient in the temperature decrease gradient adjustment measures for decreasing the temperature of the sea cucumbers to not more than the decrease target temperature is 1.0° C./2 minutes to 1.0° C./5 minutes. 14. A system for manufacturing a foodstuff or formulation containing a sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of a predetermined reference value by combining a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value with a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value, the system comprising:
a first manufacturing measures for manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage above the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a high sea cucumber saponin content; a second manufacturing measures for manufacturing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage below the predetermined reference value by drying and then fine pulverizing or concentrating a sea cucumber meat portion or sea cucumber extract that has been separated and extracted by the system for extracting a sea cucumber extract according to claim 12 from a sea cucumber raw material from a production region where sea cucumbers have a low sea cucumber saponin content; and a third manufacturing measures for mixing the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained by the first manufacturing measures with the sea cucumber material or sea cucumber extract material obtained by the second manufacturing measures, whereby a sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material containing the sea cucumber saponin at a percentage of the predetermined reference value, or a foodstuff or formulation containing the sea cucumber material and/or sea cucumber extract material is manufactured. | 3,600 |
338,753 | 16,641,787 | 3,614 | A method of fit testing includes providing a respirator donned by a wearer, providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter, providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, where the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head, providing a sensor in electrical communication with a sensing element, where the sensor is operably connected to the respirator, and where the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, where the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter to the known aerosol output parameter. | 1. A fit testing method comprising:
providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter; providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, wherein the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head; providing a sensor in electrical communication with a sensing element, wherein the sensor is operably connected to the respirator, and wherein the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, wherein the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter to the known aerosol output parameter. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted substantially on an exterior surface of the respirator. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap between at least two electrodes on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about parameters used to assess performance of exercises by a wearer of the respirator. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess the wearer's performance of exercises performed while wearing the respirator. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensor. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the sensing element is a fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element configured such that the condensing vapor does not condense uniformly on the surface of the element. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element is further configured such that condensed vapor in contact with at least one electrode does not form a continuous condensed phase to at least one other electrode. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reader is configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reader is on the same electric circuit as the sensor. 22. A respiratory fit test system comprising a method according to claim 1. | A method of fit testing includes providing a respirator donned by a wearer, providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter, providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, where the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head, providing a sensor in electrical communication with a sensing element, where the sensor is operably connected to the respirator, and where the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, where the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter to the known aerosol output parameter.1. A fit testing method comprising:
providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter; providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, wherein the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head; providing a sensor in electrical communication with a sensing element, wherein the sensor is operably connected to the respirator, and wherein the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, wherein the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter to the known aerosol output parameter. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted substantially on an exterior surface of the respirator. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap between at least two electrodes on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor communicates with the reader about parameters used to assess performance of exercises by a wearer of the respirator. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess the wearer's performance of exercises performed while wearing the respirator. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 16. The method of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensor. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the sensing element is a fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element configured such that the condensing vapor does not condense uniformly on the surface of the element. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element is further configured such that condensed vapor in contact with at least one electrode does not form a continuous condensed phase to at least one other electrode. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reader is configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reader is on the same electric circuit as the sensor. 22. A respiratory fit test system comprising a method according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,754 | 16,641,798 | 3,614 | An air conditioning robot according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting a heat transfer terminal disposed outside the main body; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat transfer terminal. | 1. An air conditioning robot comprising:
a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting a heat transfer terminal disposed outside the main body; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat transfer terminal. 2. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising a heat pipe that is connected to each of the heat storage tank and the heat dissipation part to transfer the heat stored in the heat storage tank to the heat dissipation part. 3. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising:
a temperature sensor disposed in the heat storage tank; and a controller configured to control the driving part so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts a heat absorption part when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a preset temperature. 4. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising:
a human recognition sensor configured to recognize a position of a human; and a controller configured to control the driving part so as to receive a signal of the human recognition sensor, thereby tracing a moving path of the human. 5. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation part is disposed on an outer surface of the main body. 6. An air conditioning system comprising:
an outdoor unit comprising a first compressor and a first condenser: a heat transfer terminal comprising a first evaporator connected to the first compressor and the first condenser and a heat absorption part that is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator; and an air conditioning robot that separably thermally contacts the heat absorption part of the heat transfer terminal, wherein the air conditioning robot comprises: a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a second compressor, a second condenser, a second expansion mechanism, and a second evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the second evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the second condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting the heat absorption part; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat absorption part. 7. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a power supply terminal configured to supply power is provided on the heat transfer terminal, and
a charging terminal connected to the power supply terminal when the heat dissipation part thermally contacts the heat absorption part is provided on the air conditioning robot. 8. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the air conditioning robot further comprises a heat pipe that is connected to each of the heat storage tank and the heat dissipation part to transfer the heat stored in the heat storage tank to the heat dissipation part. 9. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the air conditioning robot further comprises:
a temperature sensor disposed in the heat storage tank; and a controller configured to control the driving part so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts the heat absorption part when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a preset temperature. 10. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a position signal generation device is provided in the heat transfer terminal, and
an external signal detection sensor configured to receive a signal transmitted from the position signal generation device is provided in the air conditioning robot. 11. The air conditioning system according to claim 9, wherein the controller turns on the first compressor when the heat absorption part contacts the heat dissipation part. 12. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises:
a terminal body in which the first evaporator is disposed, the terminal body having a terminal suction hole and a terminal discharge hole; and a terminal blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the terminal suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator and discharged through the terminal discharge hole. 13. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises a terminal heat pipe connected to each of the heat absorption part and the first evaporator to transfer heat of the absorption part to the first evaporator. 14. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises:
a terminal heat pipe connected to the heat absorption part; and a terminal heat storage tank in which heat transferred to the terminal heat pipe is stored, the terminal heat storage tank being configured to accommodate a heat storage material that is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator. 15. The air conditioning system according to claim 14, wherein the heat absorption part is provided in plurality. 16. The air conditioning system according to claim 14, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises a heat insulation case that surrounds the terminal heat storage tank. 17. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a first uneven part is disposed on the heat absorption part, and
a second uneven part which contacts the first uneven part when the heat absorption part contacts the heat dissipation part and has a shape corresponding to that of the first uneven part is disposed on the heat dissipation part. 18. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat absorption part is disposed in an air conditioning space in which the air conditioning robot is disposed. 19. An air conditioning robot comprising:
a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat pipe having a high temperature portion that contacts the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank and a low temperature portion to which heat of the high temperature portion is transferred; a heat dissipation fan configured to blow air so that the air is heat-exchanged with the low temperature portion; a heat dissipation discharge part through which the air blown by the heat dissipation fan is discharged, the heat dissipation discharge part being separably connected to a heat dissipation duct configured to allow an air conditioning space to communicate with an outdoor space; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation discharge part is connected to or separated from the heat dissipation duct. 20. The air conditioning robot according to claim 19, wherein a heat dissipation suction hole which is spaced apart from the suction hole and the discharge hole and through which the air is suctioned by the heat dissipation fan is defined in the main body. | An air conditioning robot according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting a heat transfer terminal disposed outside the main body; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat transfer terminal.1. An air conditioning robot comprising:
a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting a heat transfer terminal disposed outside the main body; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat transfer terminal. 2. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising a heat pipe that is connected to each of the heat storage tank and the heat dissipation part to transfer the heat stored in the heat storage tank to the heat dissipation part. 3. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising:
a temperature sensor disposed in the heat storage tank; and a controller configured to control the driving part so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts a heat absorption part when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a preset temperature. 4. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, further comprising:
a human recognition sensor configured to recognize a position of a human; and a controller configured to control the driving part so as to receive a signal of the human recognition sensor, thereby tracing a moving path of the human. 5. The air conditioning robot according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation part is disposed on an outer surface of the main body. 6. An air conditioning system comprising:
an outdoor unit comprising a first compressor and a first condenser: a heat transfer terminal comprising a first evaporator connected to the first compressor and the first condenser and a heat absorption part that is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator; and an air conditioning robot that separably thermally contacts the heat absorption part of the heat transfer terminal, wherein the air conditioning robot comprises: a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a second compressor, a second condenser, a second expansion mechanism, and a second evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the second evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the second condenser is stored; a heat dissipation part configured to dissipate the heat of the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank, the heat dissipation part thermally contacting the heat absorption part; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts or is thermally separated from the heat absorption part. 7. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a power supply terminal configured to supply power is provided on the heat transfer terminal, and
a charging terminal connected to the power supply terminal when the heat dissipation part thermally contacts the heat absorption part is provided on the air conditioning robot. 8. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the air conditioning robot further comprises a heat pipe that is connected to each of the heat storage tank and the heat dissipation part to transfer the heat stored in the heat storage tank to the heat dissipation part. 9. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the air conditioning robot further comprises:
a temperature sensor disposed in the heat storage tank; and a controller configured to control the driving part so that the heat dissipation part thermally contacts the heat absorption part when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a preset temperature. 10. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a position signal generation device is provided in the heat transfer terminal, and
an external signal detection sensor configured to receive a signal transmitted from the position signal generation device is provided in the air conditioning robot. 11. The air conditioning system according to claim 9, wherein the controller turns on the first compressor when the heat absorption part contacts the heat dissipation part. 12. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises:
a terminal body in which the first evaporator is disposed, the terminal body having a terminal suction hole and a terminal discharge hole; and a terminal blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the terminal suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator and discharged through the terminal discharge hole. 13. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises a terminal heat pipe connected to each of the heat absorption part and the first evaporator to transfer heat of the absorption part to the first evaporator. 14. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises:
a terminal heat pipe connected to the heat absorption part; and a terminal heat storage tank in which heat transferred to the terminal heat pipe is stored, the terminal heat storage tank being configured to accommodate a heat storage material that is heat-exchanged with the first evaporator. 15. The air conditioning system according to claim 14, wherein the heat absorption part is provided in plurality. 16. The air conditioning system according to claim 14, wherein the heat transfer terminal further comprises a heat insulation case that surrounds the terminal heat storage tank. 17. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein a first uneven part is disposed on the heat absorption part, and
a second uneven part which contacts the first uneven part when the heat absorption part contacts the heat dissipation part and has a shape corresponding to that of the first uneven part is disposed on the heat dissipation part. 18. The air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the heat absorption part is disposed in an air conditioning space in which the air conditioning robot is disposed. 19. An air conditioning robot comprising:
a main body having a suction hole and a discharge hole; a cooling cycle comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator, which are disposed within the main body; a blower fan configured to blow air suctioned through the suction hole so that the air is heat-exchanged with the evaporator and discharged through the discharge hole; a heat storage tank configured to accommodate a heat storage material in which heat of the condenser is stored; a heat pipe having a high temperature portion that contacts the heat storage material accommodated in the heat storage tank and a low temperature portion to which heat of the high temperature portion is transferred; a heat dissipation fan configured to blow air so that the air is heat-exchanged with the low temperature portion; a heat dissipation discharge part through which the air blown by the heat dissipation fan is discharged, the heat dissipation discharge part being separably connected to a heat dissipation duct configured to allow an air conditioning space to communicate with an outdoor space; and a driving part configured to allow the main body to move so that the heat dissipation discharge part is connected to or separated from the heat dissipation duct. 20. The air conditioning robot according to claim 19, wherein a heat dissipation suction hole which is spaced apart from the suction hole and the discharge hole and through which the air is suctioned by the heat dissipation fan is defined in the main body. | 3,600 |
338,755 | 16,641,817 | 3,655 | A reverse input lock clutch has a fitting portion of a spring stopper rotatably fitted in a cylindrical dent formed by being surrounded by an inner diameter portion on an end surface of an output member on a side opposite to a fixed member. A locking portion rotates with the fitting portion awhile having one end of a first elastic member locked by a holder groove. Adjustment of the rotation position of the lock portion with respect to the output member is made by rotating the fitting portion within a range of a groove length of an adjustment groove with respect to the output member and anchoring an adjustment pin at a desired rotation position to the adjustment pin fixing portion so as to fix the fitting portion on the output member. | 1. A reverse input lock clutch, comprising:
a fixed member which is fixedly provided; an output member which is pivotally supported rotatably by the fixed member and outputs a rotational driving force; an input member which transmits the input rotational driving force to the output member; a first elastic member which is provided across the fixed member and the output member, enables rotation of the output member by being loosened, and locks the rotation of the output member by being tightened;
a stopper having a fitting portion rotatably fitted with an end surface of the output member on a side opposite to the fixed member and a locking portion rotating with the fitting portion while locking one end of the first elastic member; and
a fixing tool which sets a rotation position of the locking portion with respect to the output member at an arbitrary position so as to fix the stopper on the end surface of the output member,
wherein: the fixed member has a fixed shaft installed upright, and the output member has a protrusion formed on the end surface with protruding in an axial direction of the output member and an outer diameter portion coaxially juxtaposed with the fixed shaft; the first elastic member covers each of outer peripheries of the outer diameter portion and the fixed shaft, and protrudes from the outer periphery of the first elastic member on one end on an end surface side of the output member and on the other end on a root side of the fixed shaft so that the first elastic member is loosened when the other end is pushed to a direction or the one end is pushed to the other direction; the input member has a bottomed cylindrical shape with a side peripheral wall covering the outer periphery of the elastic member; on the side peripheral wall, a first notch portion notched in a circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the end portion of the locking portion and a second notch portion notched in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the other end of the first elastic member are formed; and on a bottom surface of the input member opposed to the end surface of the output member, an engagement groove opened in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the protrusion is formed; each notch of the first notch portion and the second notch portion and an opening of the engagement groove are formed with such mutual positional relations and circumferential lengths that:
when the input member is rotated to a direction and the one circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member, one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion;
when the input member is rotated to the other direction and the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is brought into contact with the protrusion, the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion, and the other circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member; or
when the input member is rotated to the other direction, and the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is brought into contact with the locking portion, the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member. 2. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
the output member has a plurality of the protrusions formed in the circumferential direction of the end surface; the input member has a plurality of the engagement grooves surrounding each of the protrusions formed on the bottom surface; and the stopper reaches the first notch portion by the locking portion passing between the adjacent protrusions. 3. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
an adjustment groove is formed on the side surface of the fitting portion of the stopper opposed to the end surface of the output member so as to open by a predetermined length in the circumference direction; and the fixing portion is formed on the output member so as to anchor the fixing tool inserted through the adjustment groove. 4. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
a through hole is formed in a shaft core direction of the fixed shaft of the fixed member; and the output member is configured by a first output member having the outer periphery portion and the protrusion and a second output member inserted through the through hole and pivotally supported rotatably by the through hole, the second output member having one end portion fixed to the first output member by the fixing tool and another end portion formed with a retainer which prevents the second output member from passing through the through hole. 5. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
the reverse input lock clutch comprises a second elastic member formed by being wound in a direction opposite to a winding direction of the first elastic member, the second elastic member enabling rotation of the output member by being loosened when the other end is pressed to the other direction or one end is pressed to the one direction, locking reverse rotation of the output member by being tightened; covering each of outer peripheries of the outer diameter portion and the fixed shaft; and having the one end on the end surface side of the output member and the other end on the root side of the fixed shaft protruding from the outer periphery; the locking portion of the stopper rotates with the fitting portion while locking the one end of the second elastic member; the input member has, on the side peripheral wall, a third notch portion notched in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the other end of the second elastic member; and each notch of the first notch portion and the third notch portion and the opening of the engagement groove are formed with such mutual positional relations and circumferential lengths that:
when the input member is rotated to the other direction and the one circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member, the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion;
when the input member is rotated to the one direction and the one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is brought into contact with the protrusion, the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion, and the other circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member; or
when the input member is rotated to the one direction and the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is brought into contact with the locking portion, the one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member. 6. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is formed by winding a wire material having a rectangular cross section. | A reverse input lock clutch has a fitting portion of a spring stopper rotatably fitted in a cylindrical dent formed by being surrounded by an inner diameter portion on an end surface of an output member on a side opposite to a fixed member. A locking portion rotates with the fitting portion awhile having one end of a first elastic member locked by a holder groove. Adjustment of the rotation position of the lock portion with respect to the output member is made by rotating the fitting portion within a range of a groove length of an adjustment groove with respect to the output member and anchoring an adjustment pin at a desired rotation position to the adjustment pin fixing portion so as to fix the fitting portion on the output member.1. A reverse input lock clutch, comprising:
a fixed member which is fixedly provided; an output member which is pivotally supported rotatably by the fixed member and outputs a rotational driving force; an input member which transmits the input rotational driving force to the output member; a first elastic member which is provided across the fixed member and the output member, enables rotation of the output member by being loosened, and locks the rotation of the output member by being tightened;
a stopper having a fitting portion rotatably fitted with an end surface of the output member on a side opposite to the fixed member and a locking portion rotating with the fitting portion while locking one end of the first elastic member; and
a fixing tool which sets a rotation position of the locking portion with respect to the output member at an arbitrary position so as to fix the stopper on the end surface of the output member,
wherein: the fixed member has a fixed shaft installed upright, and the output member has a protrusion formed on the end surface with protruding in an axial direction of the output member and an outer diameter portion coaxially juxtaposed with the fixed shaft; the first elastic member covers each of outer peripheries of the outer diameter portion and the fixed shaft, and protrudes from the outer periphery of the first elastic member on one end on an end surface side of the output member and on the other end on a root side of the fixed shaft so that the first elastic member is loosened when the other end is pushed to a direction or the one end is pushed to the other direction; the input member has a bottomed cylindrical shape with a side peripheral wall covering the outer periphery of the elastic member; on the side peripheral wall, a first notch portion notched in a circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the end portion of the locking portion and a second notch portion notched in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the other end of the first elastic member are formed; and on a bottom surface of the input member opposed to the end surface of the output member, an engagement groove opened in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the protrusion is formed; each notch of the first notch portion and the second notch portion and an opening of the engagement groove are formed with such mutual positional relations and circumferential lengths that:
when the input member is rotated to a direction and the one circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member, one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion;
when the input member is rotated to the other direction and the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is brought into contact with the protrusion, the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion, and the other circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member; or
when the input member is rotated to the other direction, and the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is brought into contact with the locking portion, the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the second notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the first elastic member. 2. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
the output member has a plurality of the protrusions formed in the circumferential direction of the end surface; the input member has a plurality of the engagement grooves surrounding each of the protrusions formed on the bottom surface; and the stopper reaches the first notch portion by the locking portion passing between the adjacent protrusions. 3. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
an adjustment groove is formed on the side surface of the fitting portion of the stopper opposed to the end surface of the output member so as to open by a predetermined length in the circumference direction; and the fixing portion is formed on the output member so as to anchor the fixing tool inserted through the adjustment groove. 4. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
a through hole is formed in a shaft core direction of the fixed shaft of the fixed member; and the output member is configured by a first output member having the outer periphery portion and the protrusion and a second output member inserted through the through hole and pivotally supported rotatably by the through hole, the second output member having one end portion fixed to the first output member by the fixing tool and another end portion formed with a retainer which prevents the second output member from passing through the through hole. 5. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein:
the reverse input lock clutch comprises a second elastic member formed by being wound in a direction opposite to a winding direction of the first elastic member, the second elastic member enabling rotation of the output member by being loosened when the other end is pressed to the other direction or one end is pressed to the one direction, locking reverse rotation of the output member by being tightened; covering each of outer peripheries of the outer diameter portion and the fixed shaft; and having the one end on the end surface side of the output member and the other end on the root side of the fixed shaft protruding from the outer periphery; the locking portion of the stopper rotates with the fitting portion while locking the one end of the second elastic member; the input member has, on the side peripheral wall, a third notch portion notched in the circumferential direction by a predetermined length and surrounding the other end of the second elastic member; and each notch of the first notch portion and the third notch portion and the opening of the engagement groove are formed with such mutual positional relations and circumferential lengths that:
when the input member is rotated to the other direction and the one circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member, the other circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the one circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion;
when the input member is rotated to the one direction and the one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is brought into contact with the protrusion, the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is not brought into contact with the locking portion, and the other circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member; or
when the input member is rotated to the one direction and the other circumferential end portion of the first notch portion is brought into contact with the locking portion, the one circumferential end portion of the engagement groove is not brought into contact with the protrusion, and the other circumferential end portion of the third notch portion is not brought into contact with the other end of the second elastic member. 6. The reverse input lock clutch according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is formed by winding a wire material having a rectangular cross section. | 3,600 |
338,756 | 16,641,804 | 3,655 | An input touch pen includes a digitizer refill contained inside a shaft tube and including a contact tip and a stepped tip portion rearward thereof, and a knock member protruding from an opening at a rear end of the shaft tube. The contact tip can protrude and retract through an opening at a tip end of the shaft tube. The stepped tip portion has a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end. A relationship A>X>Y is satisfied, wherein X represents a knock stroke of the digitizer refill, A a distance from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at the tip end side when the contact tip is sunken inside the opening, and Y a distance that the contact tip is moved by operation of the knock member from a state of protruding from the opening to a state of being sunken inside the opening. | 1. An input touch pen, comprising:
a shaft tube including an opening at each of a tip end and a rear end, a digitizer refill that is contained inside the shaft tube and includes a contact tip that can protrude and retract through the opening at the tip end; and a knock mechanism including a knock member that protrudes from the opening at the rear end, wherein: the knock mechanism includes a return spring that continuously urges the knock member rearward relative to the shaft tube, a rear portion of the digitizer refill is fixed to the knock mechanism, a stepped tip portion is formed rearward of the contact tip of the digitizer refill, the stepped tip portion having a larger diameter than an outer diameter of the contact tip and a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end of the shaft tube, and the relationship A>X>Y is satisfied, wherein:
X represents a maximum knock stroke of the digitizer refill,
A represents a distance in an axial direction from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at a tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end, and
Y represents a distance that the contact tip is moved by operation of the knock member from a state in which the contact tip protrudes from the opening at the tip end, to the state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end. 2. An input touch pen, comprising:
a shaft tube including an opening at each of a tip end and a rear end, a digitizer refill that is contained inside the shaft tube and includes a contact tip that can protrude and retract through the opening at the tip end; and a knock mechanism including a knock member that protrudes from the opening at the rear end, wherein: the knock mechanism includes:
the knock member,
a rotary member that is disposed at a tip end side of the knock member and is rotatable in a predetermined circumferential direction in association with pressing of the knock member,
a cam mechanism provided at an inner peripheral surface in a vicinity of the rear end of the shaft tube, and
a return spring that continuously urges the rotary member rearward,
the knock member includes a sliding projection protruding from an outer surface of the knock member, the rotary member includes a sliding ridge protruding from an outer surface of the rotary member, the sliding ridge extending in an axial direction, and a rear end edge of the sliding ridge being inclined in an opposite direction from a rotation direction of the rotary member, the cam mechanism includes:
a plurality of engaging ridges protruding inward from the inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of the rear end of the shaft tube, the engaging ridges extending in the axial direction and being equally distributed, and
a cam groove formed as a groove between the plurality of engaging ridges,
the sliding projection and the sliding ridge are slidable forward and rearward in the axial direction in the cam groove, a portion of a tip edge of the engaging ridge that is disposed at a rotation direction side of the cam groove is formed as an engaging edge that is inclined toward the rear end in the rotation direction and that is engageable with a rear end edge of the sliding ridge, a portion of a tip edge of the engaging ridge that is disposed at an opposite side from the rotation direction side of the cam groove is formed as a guide edge that is closer to the tip end than the engaging edge, that is inclined toward the rear end in the rotation direction, and that guides the sliding ridge into the cam groove, a stepped tip portion is formed in a vicinity of a tip end of the digitizer refill, the stepped tip portion having a larger diameter than an outer diameter of the contact tip and a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end of the shaft tube, and the relationships A>X and B>L are satisfied, wherein:
L represents a distance from a rear end of the engaging edge to a tip end of the guide edge,
X represents a maximum knock stroke of the digitizer refill,
A represents a distance in the axial direction from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at a tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end, and
B represents a distance in the axial direction from the stepped tip portion to the inner surface at the tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip protrudes from the opening at the tip end. 3. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein:
the digitizer refill is to be used for input by an electromagnetic induction system, the electromagnetic induction system includes a ferrite core disposed at an axial center, an electromagnetic induction coil disposed at an outer periphery of the ferrite core, the contact tip mounted at a tip end of the ferrite core, and a pressure sensor that senses pressure applied to the contact tip, and the stepped tip portion is a tip end of the electromagnetic induction coil. 4. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein:
a stabilizing member is interposed in the shaft tube between an outer surface of the digitizer refill and an inner surface of the shaft tube, the stabilizing member reducing an amplitude of lateral swaying of the digitizer refill inside the shaft tube, and the stabilizing member is attached to the shaft tube side. 5. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein the digitizer refill is formed replaceably. 6. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein the digitizer refill can be replaced in the shaft tube with a writing refill of substantially the same size as the digitizer refill. | An input touch pen includes a digitizer refill contained inside a shaft tube and including a contact tip and a stepped tip portion rearward thereof, and a knock member protruding from an opening at a rear end of the shaft tube. The contact tip can protrude and retract through an opening at a tip end of the shaft tube. The stepped tip portion has a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end. A relationship A>X>Y is satisfied, wherein X represents a knock stroke of the digitizer refill, A a distance from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at the tip end side when the contact tip is sunken inside the opening, and Y a distance that the contact tip is moved by operation of the knock member from a state of protruding from the opening to a state of being sunken inside the opening.1. An input touch pen, comprising:
a shaft tube including an opening at each of a tip end and a rear end, a digitizer refill that is contained inside the shaft tube and includes a contact tip that can protrude and retract through the opening at the tip end; and a knock mechanism including a knock member that protrudes from the opening at the rear end, wherein: the knock mechanism includes a return spring that continuously urges the knock member rearward relative to the shaft tube, a rear portion of the digitizer refill is fixed to the knock mechanism, a stepped tip portion is formed rearward of the contact tip of the digitizer refill, the stepped tip portion having a larger diameter than an outer diameter of the contact tip and a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end of the shaft tube, and the relationship A>X>Y is satisfied, wherein:
X represents a maximum knock stroke of the digitizer refill,
A represents a distance in an axial direction from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at a tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end, and
Y represents a distance that the contact tip is moved by operation of the knock member from a state in which the contact tip protrudes from the opening at the tip end, to the state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end. 2. An input touch pen, comprising:
a shaft tube including an opening at each of a tip end and a rear end, a digitizer refill that is contained inside the shaft tube and includes a contact tip that can protrude and retract through the opening at the tip end; and a knock mechanism including a knock member that protrudes from the opening at the rear end, wherein: the knock mechanism includes:
the knock member,
a rotary member that is disposed at a tip end side of the knock member and is rotatable in a predetermined circumferential direction in association with pressing of the knock member,
a cam mechanism provided at an inner peripheral surface in a vicinity of the rear end of the shaft tube, and
a return spring that continuously urges the rotary member rearward,
the knock member includes a sliding projection protruding from an outer surface of the knock member, the rotary member includes a sliding ridge protruding from an outer surface of the rotary member, the sliding ridge extending in an axial direction, and a rear end edge of the sliding ridge being inclined in an opposite direction from a rotation direction of the rotary member, the cam mechanism includes:
a plurality of engaging ridges protruding inward from the inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of the rear end of the shaft tube, the engaging ridges extending in the axial direction and being equally distributed, and
a cam groove formed as a groove between the plurality of engaging ridges,
the sliding projection and the sliding ridge are slidable forward and rearward in the axial direction in the cam groove, a portion of a tip edge of the engaging ridge that is disposed at a rotation direction side of the cam groove is formed as an engaging edge that is inclined toward the rear end in the rotation direction and that is engageable with a rear end edge of the sliding ridge, a portion of a tip edge of the engaging ridge that is disposed at an opposite side from the rotation direction side of the cam groove is formed as a guide edge that is closer to the tip end than the engaging edge, that is inclined toward the rear end in the rotation direction, and that guides the sliding ridge into the cam groove, a stepped tip portion is formed in a vicinity of a tip end of the digitizer refill, the stepped tip portion having a larger diameter than an outer diameter of the contact tip and a larger diameter than the opening at the tip end of the shaft tube, and the relationships A>X and B>L are satisfied, wherein:
L represents a distance from a rear end of the engaging edge to a tip end of the guide edge,
X represents a maximum knock stroke of the digitizer refill,
A represents a distance in the axial direction from the stepped tip portion to an inner surface at a tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip is retracted inside the opening at the tip end, and
B represents a distance in the axial direction from the stepped tip portion to the inner surface at the tip end side of the shaft tube in a state in which the contact tip protrudes from the opening at the tip end. 3. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein:
the digitizer refill is to be used for input by an electromagnetic induction system, the electromagnetic induction system includes a ferrite core disposed at an axial center, an electromagnetic induction coil disposed at an outer periphery of the ferrite core, the contact tip mounted at a tip end of the ferrite core, and a pressure sensor that senses pressure applied to the contact tip, and the stepped tip portion is a tip end of the electromagnetic induction coil. 4. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein:
a stabilizing member is interposed in the shaft tube between an outer surface of the digitizer refill and an inner surface of the shaft tube, the stabilizing member reducing an amplitude of lateral swaying of the digitizer refill inside the shaft tube, and the stabilizing member is attached to the shaft tube side. 5. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein the digitizer refill is formed replaceably. 6. The input touch pen according to claim 1, wherein the digitizer refill can be replaced in the shaft tube with a writing refill of substantially the same size as the digitizer refill. | 3,600 |
338,757 | 16,641,810 | 3,655 | An object is to provide a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress gelation of a positive electrode mixture paste and can improve stability when a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is manufactured. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a hexagonal layered crystal structure, is represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α, and includes a lithium-metal composite oxide containing a secondary particle with a plurality of aggregated primary particles and a lithium-boron compound present on at least a part of surfaces of the primary particles. The amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material. | 1. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a hexagonal layered crystal structure and represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α (in the formula (1), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, 0.02≤t≤0.04, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M represents at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al),
the positive electrode active material comprising: a lithium-metal composite oxide containing a secondary particle with a plurality of aggregated primary particles; and a lithium-boron compound present at least on a part of surfaces of the primary particles, wherein
an amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material, and a moisture content in the positive electrode active material is 0.1% by mass or less. 2. The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, having an average particle size of 3 μm or more and 25 μm or less. 3. The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein Li occupancy by Rietveld analysis is 97% or more. 4. A method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a hexagonal layered crystal structure and represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α (in the formula (1), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, 0.02≤t≤0.04, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M represents at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al),
the method comprising:
mixing a lithium-metal composite oxide represented by general formula (2): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwO2+α (in the formula (2), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M satisfies at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al) with a boron compound not containing lithium to obtain a boron mixture; and
thermally treating the boron mixture at a temperature of 200° C. or higher and 300° C. or lower in an oxidizing atmosphere. 5. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein an amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material obtained after the thermal treatment is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is adjusted so as to be 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material. 6. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the boron compound is at least one of boron oxide, ammonium borate, and an oxo acid of boron. 7. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the boron compound is orthoboric acid. 8. A positive electrode mixture paste for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1. 9. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1. | An object is to provide a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress gelation of a positive electrode mixture paste and can improve stability when a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is manufactured. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a hexagonal layered crystal structure, is represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α, and includes a lithium-metal composite oxide containing a secondary particle with a plurality of aggregated primary particles and a lithium-boron compound present on at least a part of surfaces of the primary particles. The amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material.1. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a hexagonal layered crystal structure and represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α (in the formula (1), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, 0.02≤t≤0.04, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M represents at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al),
the positive electrode active material comprising: a lithium-metal composite oxide containing a secondary particle with a plurality of aggregated primary particles; and a lithium-boron compound present at least on a part of surfaces of the primary particles, wherein
an amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material, and a moisture content in the positive electrode active material is 0.1% by mass or less. 2. The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, having an average particle size of 3 μm or more and 25 μm or less. 3. The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein Li occupancy by Rietveld analysis is 97% or more. 4. A method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a hexagonal layered crystal structure and represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+α (in the formula (1), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, 0.02≤t≤0.04, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M represents at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al),
the method comprising:
mixing a lithium-metal composite oxide represented by general formula (2): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwO2+α (in the formula (2), −0.05≤s≤0.20, 0.45≤x≤0.95, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.35, 0≤w≤0.10, x+y+z+w=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and M satisfies at least one element selected from V, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, W, and Al) with a boron compound not containing lithium to obtain a boron mixture; and
thermally treating the boron mixture at a temperature of 200° C. or higher and 300° C. or lower in an oxidizing atmosphere. 5. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein an amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material obtained after the thermal treatment is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is adjusted so as to be 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material. 6. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the boron compound is at least one of boron oxide, ammonium borate, and an oxo acid of boron. 7. The method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the boron compound is orthoboric acid. 8. A positive electrode mixture paste for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1. 9. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,758 | 16,641,811 | 3,655 | The present invention relates to an N,N′-diurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1) and a method for producing the same. In addition, the present invention relates to a thermosensitive recording material in which a thermosensitive recording layer including a basic dye which is colorless or lightly colored at room temperature and a developer capable of developing color upon contact with the basic dye by heating is provided on a base sheet, wherein the developer is the N,N′-diurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1):(wherein R2 is an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group; and A1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group). | 1. An N,N′-diarylurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1): 2. The N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 1, which is represented by the following general formula (2): 3. The N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 2, which is represented by the following general formula (3): 4. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting a compound represented by the following general formula (4) with an aromatic amine compound represented by the following general formula (5). 5. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 3, comprising:
reacting a compound represented by the following general formula (6) with an aromatic amine compound represented by the following general formula (7). 6. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting a dihydroxydiphenylurea represented by the following general formula (8) with a sulfonating agent represented by the following general formula (9) in the presence of an aprotic solvent. 7. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting an aminophenol compound represented by the following general formula (8-1) with urea in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and subsequently reacting with a sulfonating agent represented by the following general formula (9): 8. The method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 6, wherein the aprotic solvent is butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, toluene or xylene. 9. A thermosensitive recording material in which a thermosensitive recording layer including a basic dye which is colorless or lightly colored at room temperature and a developer capable of developing color upon contact with said basic dye by heating is provided on a base sheet, wherein said developer is the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1. 10. The method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 7, wherein the aprotic solvent is butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, toluene or xylene. | The present invention relates to an N,N′-diurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1) and a method for producing the same. In addition, the present invention relates to a thermosensitive recording material in which a thermosensitive recording layer including a basic dye which is colorless or lightly colored at room temperature and a developer capable of developing color upon contact with the basic dye by heating is provided on a base sheet, wherein the developer is the N,N′-diurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1):(wherein R2 is an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group; and A1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group).1. An N,N′-diarylurea derivative represented by the following general formula (1): 2. The N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 1, which is represented by the following general formula (2): 3. The N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 2, which is represented by the following general formula (3): 4. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting a compound represented by the following general formula (4) with an aromatic amine compound represented by the following general formula (5). 5. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 3, comprising:
reacting a compound represented by the following general formula (6) with an aromatic amine compound represented by the following general formula (7). 6. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting a dihydroxydiphenylurea represented by the following general formula (8) with a sulfonating agent represented by the following general formula (9) in the presence of an aprotic solvent. 7. A method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1, comprising:
reacting an aminophenol compound represented by the following general formula (8-1) with urea in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and subsequently reacting with a sulfonating agent represented by the following general formula (9): 8. The method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 6, wherein the aprotic solvent is butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, toluene or xylene. 9. A thermosensitive recording material in which a thermosensitive recording layer including a basic dye which is colorless or lightly colored at room temperature and a developer capable of developing color upon contact with said basic dye by heating is provided on a base sheet, wherein said developer is the N,N′-diarylurea derivative as recited in claim 1. 10. The method for producing the N,N′-diarylurea derivative according to claim 7, wherein the aprotic solvent is butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, toluene or xylene. | 3,600 |
338,759 | 16,641,820 | 3,655 | A method of detecting an overload of a cooking appliance (10) with food to be cooked is described, in which the food to be cooked is optically detected and/or a cooking chamber humidity profile and/or cooking chamber temperature profile is/are detected and evaluated during an ongoing cooking process in order to draw conclusions about an overload of the cooking appliance (10), taking into account the selected cooking program. A warning signal is output if an overload of the cooking appliance (10) has been detected. Further described is a cooking appliance (10). | 1. A method of detecting an overload of a cooking appliance with food to be cooked, in which at least one step from the following group is selected:
the food to be cooked is optically detected; a cooking chamber humidity profile is detected; or a cooking chamber temperature profile is detected, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint value that is individually stored for the selected cooking program is not reached and/or if an actual value exceeds or falls below a threshold value that is individually stored for the selected cooking program. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the threshold value and the setpoint value are a temperature value, a humidity value, a time or a number. 4-16. (canceled) 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached in one or more cooking steps of the cooking process. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached in a number of cooking steps that is stored as a threshold value. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached after a time stored as a setpoint value. 20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if, after loading, an actual cooking chamber temperature falls below a cooking chamber temperature defined as a threshold value. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint humidity is not reached in one or more cooking steps of the cooking process. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the setpoint humidity is not reached in a number of cooking steps that is stored as a threshold value. 23. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint humidity is not reached after a time stored as a setpoint value. 24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if an actual humidity is above a humidity defined as a threshold value. 25. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the number of dehumidification intervals is above a value stored as a threshold value. 26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooking appliance is placed in a locked state when the warning signal is output, so that only an authorized operator can unlock the cooking appliance. 27. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reason for the warning signal is logged, wherein the reason is output directly or on request. 28. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reason for the warning signal is transmitted via a communication interface to a central unit which is interconnected with a plurality of cooking appliances, whereby a statistical survey for a plurality of cooking appliances is possible. 29. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the food to be cooked is optically detected for at least a period of time between when it is introduced into the cooking chamber and completion of the cooking process in the cooking chamber. 30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the food to be cooked is optically detected by an optical sensor. 31. A cooking appliance for cooking foods to be cooked, comprising a cooking chamber, a cooking program memory, a sensor unit, and an overload detection circuit, wherein the sensor unit comprises at least one of: an optical sensor; a temperature sensor; and a humidity sensor, in order to optically detect the food to be cooked, to detect the temperature in the cooking chamber and/or the humidity in the cooking chamber, wherein at least one individual cooking program that is matched to the food to be cooked is stored in the cooking program memory, the cooking program having at least one of a threshold value or a setpoint value assigned to it, and wherein the overload detection circuit is configured to detect an overload, taking into account an output of the sensor unit as well as the selected cooking program, based on the threshold value or setpoint value assigned. 32. The cooking appliance according to claim 31, characterized in that the cooking appliance is configured to receive output from the sensor unit and evaluate during an ongoing cooking process in order to draw conclusions about the overload of the cooking appliance, taking into account the selected cooking program, wherein a warning signal is output if the overload of the cooking appliance has been detected. | A method of detecting an overload of a cooking appliance (10) with food to be cooked is described, in which the food to be cooked is optically detected and/or a cooking chamber humidity profile and/or cooking chamber temperature profile is/are detected and evaluated during an ongoing cooking process in order to draw conclusions about an overload of the cooking appliance (10), taking into account the selected cooking program. A warning signal is output if an overload of the cooking appliance (10) has been detected. Further described is a cooking appliance (10).1. A method of detecting an overload of a cooking appliance with food to be cooked, in which at least one step from the following group is selected:
the food to be cooked is optically detected; a cooking chamber humidity profile is detected; or a cooking chamber temperature profile is detected, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint value that is individually stored for the selected cooking program is not reached and/or if an actual value exceeds or falls below a threshold value that is individually stored for the selected cooking program. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the threshold value and the setpoint value are a temperature value, a humidity value, a time or a number. 4-16. (canceled) 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached in one or more cooking steps of the cooking process. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached in a number of cooking steps that is stored as a threshold value. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint cooking chamber temperature is not reached after a time stored as a setpoint value. 20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if, after loading, an actual cooking chamber temperature falls below a cooking chamber temperature defined as a threshold value. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint humidity is not reached in one or more cooking steps of the cooking process. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the setpoint humidity is not reached in a number of cooking steps that is stored as a threshold value. 23. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if a setpoint humidity is not reached after a time stored as a setpoint value. 24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if an actual humidity is above a humidity defined as a threshold value. 25. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning signal is output if the number of dehumidification intervals is above a value stored as a threshold value. 26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooking appliance is placed in a locked state when the warning signal is output, so that only an authorized operator can unlock the cooking appliance. 27. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reason for the warning signal is logged, wherein the reason is output directly or on request. 28. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reason for the warning signal is transmitted via a communication interface to a central unit which is interconnected with a plurality of cooking appliances, whereby a statistical survey for a plurality of cooking appliances is possible. 29. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the food to be cooked is optically detected for at least a period of time between when it is introduced into the cooking chamber and completion of the cooking process in the cooking chamber. 30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the food to be cooked is optically detected by an optical sensor. 31. A cooking appliance for cooking foods to be cooked, comprising a cooking chamber, a cooking program memory, a sensor unit, and an overload detection circuit, wherein the sensor unit comprises at least one of: an optical sensor; a temperature sensor; and a humidity sensor, in order to optically detect the food to be cooked, to detect the temperature in the cooking chamber and/or the humidity in the cooking chamber, wherein at least one individual cooking program that is matched to the food to be cooked is stored in the cooking program memory, the cooking program having at least one of a threshold value or a setpoint value assigned to it, and wherein the overload detection circuit is configured to detect an overload, taking into account an output of the sensor unit as well as the selected cooking program, based on the threshold value or setpoint value assigned. 32. The cooking appliance according to claim 31, characterized in that the cooking appliance is configured to receive output from the sensor unit and evaluate during an ongoing cooking process in order to draw conclusions about the overload of the cooking appliance, taking into account the selected cooking program, wherein a warning signal is output if the overload of the cooking appliance has been detected. | 3,600 |
338,760 | 16,641,816 | 3,655 | A storage unit stores first and second calibration curves. The first calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a wavelength λ1 and a concentration of a target composition in the first standard sample. The second calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a wavelength λ2 and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample. The second standard sample has a higher concentration than that of the first standard sample. When the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength λ1 is less than a threshold, a concentration measurement processing unit measures a concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample, based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength λ1 and the first calibration curve. | 1-6. (canceled) 7. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer that atomizes an unknown sample, irradiates the unknown sample with light, and measures a concentration of a target composition in the unknown sample based on an absorbance of the unknown sample, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer comprising:
a storage unit that stores a first calibration curve and a second calibration curve, the first calibration curve representing a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a first wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the first standard sample, the second calibration curve representing a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a second wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample, the second standard sample having a higher concentration than a concentration of the first standard sample, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; a concentration measurement processing unit that, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is less than a threshold, measures the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength and the first calibration curve and that, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, measures the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the second wavelength and the second calibration curve; a first calibration curve creation processing unit that creates the first calibration curve and stores the first calibration curve in the storage unit; and a second calibration curve creation processing unit that creates the second calibration curve and stores the second calibration curve in the storage unit, wherein when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, the second calibration curve creation processing unit creates the second calibration curve and stores the second calibration curve in the storage unit. 8. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 7, wherein the concentration measurement processing unit irradiates, with the light at the second wavelength, only one or more of a plurality of unknown samples whose respective absorbances for the light at the first wavelength are equal to or more than the threshold, and measures concentrations of the target composition in the irradiated unknown samples based on the absorbances of the irradiated unknown samples and the second calibration curve. 9. An atomic absorption measurement method of atomizing an unknown sample, irradiating the unknown sample with light, and measuring a concentration of a target composition in the unknown sample based on an absorbance of the unknown sample, the atomic absorption measurement method comprising:
a first calibration curve creating step of creating a first calibration curve that represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a first wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the first standard sample; a second calibration curve creating step of creating a second calibration curve that represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a second wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample, the second standard sample having a higher concentration than a concentration of the first standard sample, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; and a concentration measuring step of, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is less than a threshold, measuring the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength and the first calibration curve and, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, measuring the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the second wavelength and the second calibration curve, wherein the second calibration curve creating step includes a step of, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, creating the second calibration curve. 10. The atomic absorption measurement method according to claim 9, wherein the concentration measuring step includes a step of irradiating, with the light at the second wavelength, only one or more of a plurality of unknown samples whose respective absorbances for the light at the first wavelength are equal to or more than the threshold, and measuring concentrations of the target composition in the irradiated unknown samples based on the absorbances of the irradiated unknown samples and the second calibration curve. | A storage unit stores first and second calibration curves. The first calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a wavelength λ1 and a concentration of a target composition in the first standard sample. The second calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a wavelength λ2 and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample. The second standard sample has a higher concentration than that of the first standard sample. When the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength λ1 is less than a threshold, a concentration measurement processing unit measures a concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample, based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength λ1 and the first calibration curve.1-6. (canceled) 7. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer that atomizes an unknown sample, irradiates the unknown sample with light, and measures a concentration of a target composition in the unknown sample based on an absorbance of the unknown sample, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer comprising:
a storage unit that stores a first calibration curve and a second calibration curve, the first calibration curve representing a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a first wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the first standard sample, the second calibration curve representing a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a second wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample, the second standard sample having a higher concentration than a concentration of the first standard sample, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; a concentration measurement processing unit that, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is less than a threshold, measures the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength and the first calibration curve and that, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, measures the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the second wavelength and the second calibration curve; a first calibration curve creation processing unit that creates the first calibration curve and stores the first calibration curve in the storage unit; and a second calibration curve creation processing unit that creates the second calibration curve and stores the second calibration curve in the storage unit, wherein when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, the second calibration curve creation processing unit creates the second calibration curve and stores the second calibration curve in the storage unit. 8. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 7, wherein the concentration measurement processing unit irradiates, with the light at the second wavelength, only one or more of a plurality of unknown samples whose respective absorbances for the light at the first wavelength are equal to or more than the threshold, and measures concentrations of the target composition in the irradiated unknown samples based on the absorbances of the irradiated unknown samples and the second calibration curve. 9. An atomic absorption measurement method of atomizing an unknown sample, irradiating the unknown sample with light, and measuring a concentration of a target composition in the unknown sample based on an absorbance of the unknown sample, the atomic absorption measurement method comprising:
a first calibration curve creating step of creating a first calibration curve that represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a first wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the first standard sample; a second calibration curve creating step of creating a second calibration curve that represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a second wavelength and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample, the second standard sample having a higher concentration than a concentration of the first standard sample, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; and a concentration measuring step of, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is less than a threshold, measuring the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength and the first calibration curve and, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, measuring the concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the second wavelength and the second calibration curve, wherein the second calibration curve creating step includes a step of, when the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the first wavelength is equal to or more than the threshold, creating the second calibration curve. 10. The atomic absorption measurement method according to claim 9, wherein the concentration measuring step includes a step of irradiating, with the light at the second wavelength, only one or more of a plurality of unknown samples whose respective absorbances for the light at the first wavelength are equal to or more than the threshold, and measuring concentrations of the target composition in the irradiated unknown samples based on the absorbances of the irradiated unknown samples and the second calibration curve. | 3,600 |
338,761 | 16,641,805 | 3,655 | The invention relates to an organic compound, in particular for the application in optoelectronic devices. According to the invention, the organic compound has a structure of Formula I, | 1. An organic molecule having a structure of Formula I: 2. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, X is N, V is N and Z is N. 3. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, X is CRX, V is CRV and Z is CRII. 4. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein RI, RII, RIII, RIV, RV, RVI, RVII, RVIII, RIX, RX and RXI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2; R1 and R2 each independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of C1-C5-alkyl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6;
C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6; and
C3-C30-heteroaryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6. 5. The organic molecule according to claim 4, wherein RI, RIII, RIV, RV, RIX, and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and RII, RV, RVII, RVIII and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 6. The organic molecule according to claim 5, wherein RI, RIII, RIV, RVI, RIX, and RXI are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and
Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and RII, RV, RVII, RVIII and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph; carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, tBu, and Ph; and N(Ph)2. 7. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 independently from each other are C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph. 8. The organic molecule according to claim 7, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently phenyl or mesityl. 9. The organic molecule according to claim 1, having a structure of one of Formulas II to XXVII: 10.-15. (canceled) 16. A composition comprising:
(a) at least one organic molecule according to claim 1 as an emitter and/or host; (b) one or more emitter and/or host materials different from the at least one organic molecule according to claim 1, and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more solvents. 17. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 18. The optoelectronic device according to claim 17, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 19. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 20. The optoelectronic device according to claim 19, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 21. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 22. The optoelectronic device according to claim 21, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 23. An optoelectronic device comprising the composition according to claim 14, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 24. The optoelectronic device according to claim 23, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the composition. 25. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the organic molecule according to claim 1 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. 26. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the composition according to claim 16 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. | The invention relates to an organic compound, in particular for the application in optoelectronic devices. According to the invention, the organic compound has a structure of Formula I,1. An organic molecule having a structure of Formula I: 2. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, X is N, V is N and Z is N. 3. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, X is CRX, V is CRV and Z is CRII. 4. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein RI, RII, RIII, RIV, RV, RVI, RVII, RVIII, RIX, RX and RXI are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2; R1 and R2 each independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of C1-C5-alkyl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6;
C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6; and
C3-C30-heteroaryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R6. 5. The organic molecule according to claim 4, wherein RI, RIII, RIV, RV, RIX, and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyridinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, pyrimidinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and triazinyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and RII, RV, RVII, RVIII and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph, carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph, and N(Ph)2. 6. The organic molecule according to claim 5, wherein RI, RIII, RIV, RVI, RIX, and RXI are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and
Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph; and RII, RV, RVII, RVIII and RX are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, and Ph; carbazolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, tBu, and Ph; and N(Ph)2. 7. The organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 independently from each other are C6-C30-aryl,
which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently from each other selected from the group consisting of Me, iPr, tBu, CN, CF3, and Ph. 8. The organic molecule according to claim 7, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently phenyl or mesityl. 9. The organic molecule according to claim 1, having a structure of one of Formulas II to XXVII: 10.-15. (canceled) 16. A composition comprising:
(a) at least one organic molecule according to claim 1 as an emitter and/or host; (b) one or more emitter and/or host materials different from the at least one organic molecule according to claim 1, and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more solvents. 17. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 18. The optoelectronic device according to claim 17, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 19. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, an electron transport material, a hole injection material or a hole blocking material in the optoelectronic device. 20. The optoelectronic device according to claim 19, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 21. An optoelectronic device comprising the organic molecule according to claim 2, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 22. The optoelectronic device according to claim 21, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the organic molecule. 23. An optoelectronic device comprising the composition according to claim 14, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode, light-emitting electrochemical cell, organic light-emitting sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element. 24. The optoelectronic device according to claim 23, comprising:
a substrate; an anode; a cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode is applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and which comprises the composition. 25. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the organic molecule according to claim 1 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. 26. A process for producing an optoelectronic device, comprising processing of the composition according to claim 16 by a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution. | 3,600 |
338,762 | 16,641,776 | 3,655 | The present disclosure relates to a display panel. The display panel includes: a light guide member, a light extraction member and a modulation member sequentially arranged along a first direction; and wherein the light extraction member is configured to extract light propagating within the light guide member in a collimated manner to one side of the light extraction member away from the light guide member, and the modulation member is configured to modulate a reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member. | 1. A display panel comprising:
a light guide member, a light extraction member and a modulation member sequentially arranged along a first direction; and wherein the light extraction member is configured to extract light propagating within the light guide member in a collimated manner to one side of the light extraction member away from the light guide member, and the modulation member is configured to modulate a reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the modulation member comprises:
a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are oppositely arranged; a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; a first film layer located on one side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer; and a second film layer located on one side of the second electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer; wherein the first film layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the second film layer constitute an optical resonant cavity. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a material of the first film layer is silver or aluminum, and a material of the second film layer is silver or aluminum. 4. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the light extraction member comprises:
a light extraction grating adjacent to the light guide member and completely covering a surface of one side of the light guide member adjacent to the light extraction grating. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein the light extraction member comprises:
a first transparent material layer; wherein the light extraction grating is located within the first transparent material layer; a material of the light extraction grating has a refractive index higher than that of a material of the light guide member, and a material of the first transparent material layer has a refractive index lower than that of the material of the light guide member. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, further comprising:
a second transparent material layer located on one side of the light guide member away from the first transparent material layer and adjacent to the light guide member; and wherein a material of the second transparent material layer has a refractive index lower than that of the material of the light guide member. 7. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a light source assembly, located on one side of the light guide member along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and configured to provide the light guide member with a first polarized light, wherein a vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the light source assembly comprises:
a curved reflecting member; a monochromatic light source located at a focal point of the curved reflecting member; and a first polarizing layer located between the curved reflecting member and the light guide member; wherein the curved reflecting member is configured to reflect a first light from the monochromatic light source into the light guide member, and the first polarizing layer is configured to transmit the first polarized light of the first light. 9. (canceled) 10. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a light emitting direction of the display panel is parallel to and in the same direction as the first direction. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising:
a second polarizing layer, located on one side of the light guide member away from the light extraction member, and configured to transmit a second polarized light of a second light from one side of the second polarizing layer away from the light guide member, and wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising:
a substrate located on one side of the modulation member away from the light guide member; and a color filter layer located on one side of the substrate away from the modulation member. 13. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the light extraction member comprises a tilted grating. 14. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a light emitting direction of the display panel is parallel to and opposite to the first direction. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising:
a third polarizing layer, located on one side of the modulation member away from the light extraction member, and configured to absorb light incident into the third polarizing layer from the modulation member and transmit a second polarized light of a second light from one side of the third polarizing layer away from the light guide member, and wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
a color filter layer located on one side of the light guide member away from the light extraction member. 17. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising:
a substrate located on one side of the modulation member away from the light guide member; and a light absorbing layer, located on one side of the substrate away from the light extraction member, and configured to absorb light incident into the light absorbing layer from the modulation member. 18. The display panel according to claim 4, further comprising:
a light source assembly, located on one side of the light guide member along an extending direction of the light guide member, and configured to provide the light guide member with a first polarized light, wherein a vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer; and wherein the light extraction grating is configured to gradually increase a diffraction efficiency from one end adjacent to the light source assembly to one end away from the light source assembly along a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. 19. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 1. 20. A driving method for driving the display panel according to claim 1, comprising:
in response to receiving a display signal, modulating the reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member by the modulation member, so that the display panel presents a display state corresponding to the display signal. | The present disclosure relates to a display panel. The display panel includes: a light guide member, a light extraction member and a modulation member sequentially arranged along a first direction; and wherein the light extraction member is configured to extract light propagating within the light guide member in a collimated manner to one side of the light extraction member away from the light guide member, and the modulation member is configured to modulate a reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member.1. A display panel comprising:
a light guide member, a light extraction member and a modulation member sequentially arranged along a first direction; and wherein the light extraction member is configured to extract light propagating within the light guide member in a collimated manner to one side of the light extraction member away from the light guide member, and the modulation member is configured to modulate a reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the modulation member comprises:
a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are oppositely arranged; a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; a first film layer located on one side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer; and a second film layer located on one side of the second electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer; wherein the first film layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the second film layer constitute an optical resonant cavity. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a material of the first film layer is silver or aluminum, and a material of the second film layer is silver or aluminum. 4. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the light extraction member comprises:
a light extraction grating adjacent to the light guide member and completely covering a surface of one side of the light guide member adjacent to the light extraction grating. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein the light extraction member comprises:
a first transparent material layer; wherein the light extraction grating is located within the first transparent material layer; a material of the light extraction grating has a refractive index higher than that of a material of the light guide member, and a material of the first transparent material layer has a refractive index lower than that of the material of the light guide member. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, further comprising:
a second transparent material layer located on one side of the light guide member away from the first transparent material layer and adjacent to the light guide member; and wherein a material of the second transparent material layer has a refractive index lower than that of the material of the light guide member. 7. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a light source assembly, located on one side of the light guide member along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and configured to provide the light guide member with a first polarized light, wherein a vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the light source assembly comprises:
a curved reflecting member; a monochromatic light source located at a focal point of the curved reflecting member; and a first polarizing layer located between the curved reflecting member and the light guide member; wherein the curved reflecting member is configured to reflect a first light from the monochromatic light source into the light guide member, and the first polarizing layer is configured to transmit the first polarized light of the first light. 9. (canceled) 10. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a light emitting direction of the display panel is parallel to and in the same direction as the first direction. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising:
a second polarizing layer, located on one side of the light guide member away from the light extraction member, and configured to transmit a second polarized light of a second light from one side of the second polarizing layer away from the light guide member, and wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising:
a substrate located on one side of the modulation member away from the light guide member; and a color filter layer located on one side of the substrate away from the modulation member. 13. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the light extraction member comprises a tilted grating. 14. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein a light emitting direction of the display panel is parallel to and opposite to the first direction. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising:
a third polarizing layer, located on one side of the modulation member away from the light extraction member, and configured to absorb light incident into the third polarizing layer from the modulation member and transmit a second polarized light of a second light from one side of the third polarizing layer away from the light guide member, and wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
a color filter layer located on one side of the light guide member away from the light extraction member. 17. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising:
a substrate located on one side of the modulation member away from the light guide member; and a light absorbing layer, located on one side of the substrate away from the light extraction member, and configured to absorb light incident into the light absorbing layer from the modulation member. 18. The display panel according to claim 4, further comprising:
a light source assembly, located on one side of the light guide member along an extending direction of the light guide member, and configured to provide the light guide member with a first polarized light, wherein a vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to a deflection plane of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer; and wherein the light extraction grating is configured to gradually increase a diffraction efficiency from one end adjacent to the light source assembly to one end away from the light source assembly along a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. 19. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 1. 20. A driving method for driving the display panel according to claim 1, comprising:
in response to receiving a display signal, modulating the reflectance and transmittance of the light extracted in a collimated manner by the light extraction member within the modulation member by the modulation member, so that the display panel presents a display state corresponding to the display signal. | 3,600 |
338,763 | 16,641,795 | 3,655 | A method of a network node is disclosed. The method is for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using an signal generator applying an signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device. The method comprises selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other. The method also comprises generating each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, and multiplexing the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. Corresponding arrangement, network node and computer program product are also disclosed, as well as counterparts for a wireless communication device. | 1-58. (canceled) 59. A method of a network node for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator applying a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; generating each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; and multiplexing the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rates comprises letting any pair of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates differ by a factor of two to the power of n, where n is an integer. 61. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rates comprises letting all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates be related to the signal generator symbol rate by a factor of two to the power of k, where k is an integer. 62. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises time aligning the two or more WUS with each other such that each of the two or more WUS has a Manchester coding symbol boundary whenever any WUS of a lower respective Manchester coding symbol rate has a Manchester coding symbol boundary. 63. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises, when the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is lower than the signal generator symbol rate:
applying the Manchester code to symbols of the WUS; and inputting the result to the signal generator. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS further comprises, when the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is equal to the signal generator symbol rate divided by two to the power of m, where m is a positive integer, repeating each of the Manchester coded symbols to produce two to the power of m identical Manchester coded symbols before inputting the result to the signal generator. 65. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises applying the Manchester code in an on-off keying manner to an output from the signal generator based on symbols of the WUS. 66. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS comprises:
selecting a first Manchester coding symbol rate for a first WUS; and selecting a second Manchester coding symbol rate for a second WUS; wherein the first Manchester coding symbol rate is lower than the second Manchester coding symbol rate when channel conditions associated with the respective wireless communication device of the first WUS require more robust transmission than channel conditions associated with the respective wireless communication device of the second WUS. 67. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises applying a respective forward error correction code to at least one of the two or more WUS before application of the Manchester code. 68. The method of claim 67, further comprising selecting a coding rate of the respective forward error correcting code such that the selected coding rate of the respective forward error correcting code multiplied by the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate enables use of a desirable WUS data rate. 69. The method of claim 59, further comprising:
generating a WUS packet for transmission; wherein the WUS packet comprises a first part for time synchronization by all of the respective wireless communication devices, and a second part comprising the multiplexed two or more WUS. 70. The method of claim 59:
further comprising preparing a packet for concurrent transmission of the two or more WUS; wherein each WUS comprises a message and a prepended address field indicative of an intended receiver of the message, wherein the WUS message comprises the packet; wherein the preparing comprises organizing, as part of the multiplexing, the two or more WUS in time to at least partly overlap each other; wherein the organizing the two or more WUS comprises staggering the address fields in time. 71. The method of claim 70, further comprising prepending a common synchronization part to the multiplexed two or more WUS. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is applied to the address field and the message. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the staggering the address fields in time comprises starting with the address field of the WUS generated by application of the lowest Manchester coding symbol rate among the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the staggering the address fields in time comprises staggering the address fields in time in an order corresponding to an increasing order of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates. 75. A method of a network node for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator applying a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for at least one of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; generating one or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; generating a non-Manchester coded WUS using on-off keying and the signal generator; and multiplexing the at least one Manchester-coded WUS with the non-Manchester coded WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 76. A method of operating a wake-up receiver (WUR), configured to be comprised in a wireless communication device also comprising a main receiver; the wireless communication device configured to receive, from a network node, a wake-up signal (WUS) message comprising two or more multiplexed WUS, a particular WUS of the multiplexed MUS being for waking up the main receiver of the wireless communication device; wherein each of the two or more WUS is encoded by a Manchester code of a selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; the method comprising:
receiving the WUS message; determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply; demodulating the WUS message using the determined Manchester coding symbol rate; determining whether the particular WUS is detected; and waking up the main receiver responsive to detection of the particular WUS. 77. The method of claim 76:
wherein the particular WUS is encoded by a respective forward error correction code before application of the Manchester code; the method further comprising:
determining one or more parameters of the respective forward error correction code; and
forward error correction decoding the WUS message based on the determined parameters after demodulating the WUS message. 78. The method of claim 76:
wherein the WUS message is comprised in a WUS packet; wherein the WUS packet comprises a first part for time synchronization by the wireless communication device, and a second part comprising the WUS message. 79. The method of claim 76:
further comprising processing of a received packet comprising the two or more multiplexed WUS concurrently transmitted, wherein each WUS comprises a message and a prepended address field indicative of an intended receiver of the message, wherein the two or more WUS at least partly overlap each other in time, wherein the address fields are staggered in time, wherein the WUS message comprises the packet; wherein the determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply comprises determining, for a first address field of the address fields, whether the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR; and wherein the demodulating the WUS message comprises, when the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR, demodulating a first WUS of the two or more WUS comprising the first address field. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein:
the determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply comprises, when the intended receiver of the first address field is not the WUR, determining, for a second address field of the address fields, whether the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR; and the demodulating the WUS message comprises, when the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR, demodulating a second WUS of the two or more WUS comprising the second address field. 81. The method of claim 80:
wherein the address fields are staggered in time starting with the address field of the WUS having lowest Manchester coding symbol rate among the respective Manchester coding symbol rates; wherein the method further comprises:
identifying a Manchester coding symbol rate of the second WUS as a Manchester coding symbol rate which is higher than a Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS; and
using the identified Manchester coding symbol rate of the second WUS for determining whether the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR. 82. The method of claim 81:
wherein the received packet further comprises a common synchronization part prepended to the multiplexed two or more WUS; wherein the method further comprises:
identifying the Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS from the common synchronization part; and
using the identified Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS for determining whether the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR. 83. An arrangement for a network node, for concurrent transmission of two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator configured to apply a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
selection of a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other;
generation of each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; and
multiplexing of the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 84. An arrangement for a network node, for concurrent transmission of two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator configured to apply a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
selection of a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for at least one of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other;
generation of one or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate;
generation of a non-Manchester coded WUS using on-off keying and the signal generator; and
multiplexing of the at least one Manchester-coded WUS with the non-Manchester coded WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 85. An arrangement for a wake-up receiver (WUR) configured to be comprised in a wireless communication device also comprising a main receiver; the wireless communication device configured to receive, from the network node, a wake-up signal (WUS) message comprising two or more multiplexed WUS, a particular WUS of the multiplexed WUS being for waking up the main receiver of the wireless communication device; wherein each of the two or more WUS is encoded by a Manchester code of a selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
reception of the WUS message;
determination of which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply;
demodulation of the WUS message using the determined Manchester coding symbol rate;
determination of whether the particular WUS is detected; and
waking up of the main receiver responsive to detection of the particular WUS. | A method of a network node is disclosed. The method is for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using an signal generator applying an signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device. The method comprises selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other. The method also comprises generating each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, and multiplexing the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. Corresponding arrangement, network node and computer program product are also disclosed, as well as counterparts for a wireless communication device.1-58. (canceled) 59. A method of a network node for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator applying a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; generating each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; and multiplexing the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rates comprises letting any pair of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates differ by a factor of two to the power of n, where n is an integer. 61. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rates comprises letting all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates be related to the signal generator symbol rate by a factor of two to the power of k, where k is an integer. 62. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises time aligning the two or more WUS with each other such that each of the two or more WUS has a Manchester coding symbol boundary whenever any WUS of a lower respective Manchester coding symbol rate has a Manchester coding symbol boundary. 63. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises, when the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is lower than the signal generator symbol rate:
applying the Manchester code to symbols of the WUS; and inputting the result to the signal generator. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS further comprises, when the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is equal to the signal generator symbol rate divided by two to the power of m, where m is a positive integer, repeating each of the Manchester coded symbols to produce two to the power of m identical Manchester coded symbols before inputting the result to the signal generator. 65. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises applying the Manchester code in an on-off keying manner to an output from the signal generator based on symbols of the WUS. 66. The method of claim 59, wherein the selecting the respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS comprises:
selecting a first Manchester coding symbol rate for a first WUS; and selecting a second Manchester coding symbol rate for a second WUS; wherein the first Manchester coding symbol rate is lower than the second Manchester coding symbol rate when channel conditions associated with the respective wireless communication device of the first WUS require more robust transmission than channel conditions associated with the respective wireless communication device of the second WUS. 67. The method of claim 59, wherein the generating each of the two or more WUS comprises applying a respective forward error correction code to at least one of the two or more WUS before application of the Manchester code. 68. The method of claim 67, further comprising selecting a coding rate of the respective forward error correcting code such that the selected coding rate of the respective forward error correcting code multiplied by the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate enables use of a desirable WUS data rate. 69. The method of claim 59, further comprising:
generating a WUS packet for transmission; wherein the WUS packet comprises a first part for time synchronization by all of the respective wireless communication devices, and a second part comprising the multiplexed two or more WUS. 70. The method of claim 59:
further comprising preparing a packet for concurrent transmission of the two or more WUS; wherein each WUS comprises a message and a prepended address field indicative of an intended receiver of the message, wherein the WUS message comprises the packet; wherein the preparing comprises organizing, as part of the multiplexing, the two or more WUS in time to at least partly overlap each other; wherein the organizing the two or more WUS comprises staggering the address fields in time. 71. The method of claim 70, further comprising prepending a common synchronization part to the multiplexed two or more WUS. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate is applied to the address field and the message. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the staggering the address fields in time comprises starting with the address field of the WUS generated by application of the lowest Manchester coding symbol rate among the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the staggering the address fields in time comprises staggering the address fields in time in an order corresponding to an increasing order of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates. 75. A method of a network node for concurrently transmitting two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator applying a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for at least one of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; generating one or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; generating a non-Manchester coded WUS using on-off keying and the signal generator; and multiplexing the at least one Manchester-coded WUS with the non-Manchester coded WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 76. A method of operating a wake-up receiver (WUR), configured to be comprised in a wireless communication device also comprising a main receiver; the wireless communication device configured to receive, from a network node, a wake-up signal (WUS) message comprising two or more multiplexed WUS, a particular WUS of the multiplexed MUS being for waking up the main receiver of the wireless communication device; wherein each of the two or more WUS is encoded by a Manchester code of a selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other; the method comprising:
receiving the WUS message; determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply; demodulating the WUS message using the determined Manchester coding symbol rate; determining whether the particular WUS is detected; and waking up the main receiver responsive to detection of the particular WUS. 77. The method of claim 76:
wherein the particular WUS is encoded by a respective forward error correction code before application of the Manchester code; the method further comprising:
determining one or more parameters of the respective forward error correction code; and
forward error correction decoding the WUS message based on the determined parameters after demodulating the WUS message. 78. The method of claim 76:
wherein the WUS message is comprised in a WUS packet; wherein the WUS packet comprises a first part for time synchronization by the wireless communication device, and a second part comprising the WUS message. 79. The method of claim 76:
further comprising processing of a received packet comprising the two or more multiplexed WUS concurrently transmitted, wherein each WUS comprises a message and a prepended address field indicative of an intended receiver of the message, wherein the two or more WUS at least partly overlap each other in time, wherein the address fields are staggered in time, wherein the WUS message comprises the packet; wherein the determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply comprises determining, for a first address field of the address fields, whether the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR; and wherein the demodulating the WUS message comprises, when the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR, demodulating a first WUS of the two or more WUS comprising the first address field. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein:
the determining which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply comprises, when the intended receiver of the first address field is not the WUR, determining, for a second address field of the address fields, whether the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR; and the demodulating the WUS message comprises, when the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR, demodulating a second WUS of the two or more WUS comprising the second address field. 81. The method of claim 80:
wherein the address fields are staggered in time starting with the address field of the WUS having lowest Manchester coding symbol rate among the respective Manchester coding symbol rates; wherein the method further comprises:
identifying a Manchester coding symbol rate of the second WUS as a Manchester coding symbol rate which is higher than a Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS; and
using the identified Manchester coding symbol rate of the second WUS for determining whether the intended receiver of the second address field is the WUR. 82. The method of claim 81:
wherein the received packet further comprises a common synchronization part prepended to the multiplexed two or more WUS; wherein the method further comprises:
identifying the Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS from the common synchronization part; and
using the identified Manchester coding symbol rate of the first WUS for determining whether the intended receiver of the first address field is the WUR. 83. An arrangement for a network node, for concurrent transmission of two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator configured to apply a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
selection of a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for each of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other;
generation of each of the two or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate; and
multiplexing of the two or more WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 84. An arrangement for a network node, for concurrent transmission of two or more wake-up signals (WUS) using a signal generator configured to apply a signal generator symbol rate, wherein each WUS is for reception by a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a respective wireless communication device, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
selection of a respective Manchester coding symbol rate for at least one of the two or more WUS, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other;
generation of one or more WUS using the signal generator and application of a Manchester code of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate;
generation of a non-Manchester coded WUS using on-off keying and the signal generator; and
multiplexing of the at least one Manchester-coded WUS with the non-Manchester coded WUS for transmission in a WUS message. 85. An arrangement for a wake-up receiver (WUR) configured to be comprised in a wireless communication device also comprising a main receiver; the wireless communication device configured to receive, from the network node, a wake-up signal (WUS) message comprising two or more multiplexed WUS, a particular WUS of the multiplexed WUS being for waking up the main receiver of the wireless communication device; wherein each of the two or more WUS is encoded by a Manchester code of a selected respective Manchester coding symbol rate, wherein all of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are different from each other, and wherein all Manchester codes having the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates are orthogonal to each other, the arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause:
reception of the WUS message;
determination of which of the selected respective Manchester coding symbol rates to apply;
demodulation of the WUS message using the determined Manchester coding symbol rate;
determination of whether the particular WUS is detected; and
waking up of the main receiver responsive to detection of the particular WUS. | 3,600 |
338,764 | 16,641,836 | 3,637 | A storage shelf base for an item of furniture or household appliance includes a support plate stationarily arranged on a body of the item of furniture or household appliance, and a storage shelf positively driven relative to the support plate and can simultaneously be moved rotationally and translationally. Facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and the storage shelf have respective at least substantially closed circulating running grooves, in which rolling elements are guided. The support plate can be detachably secured to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance by an adapter or a base plate is stationarily arranged on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance, on which the support plate is detachably secured. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A storage shelf base for an item of furniture or household appliance, the storage shelf base comprising:
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on a body of the item of furniture or household appliance; a storage shelf configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally, wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided, wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. 19. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance and the at least one adapter is a base plate holder fixing the base plate to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance. 20. The storage shelf base of claim 19, wherein the base plate holder at least partially engages around an edge of the base plate and has at least one first recess in which a connecting element extending from an edge of the support plate is inserted, wherein the inserted connecting element is held in the base plate holder in a form-fitting or frictionally engaged manner. 21. The storage shelf base of claim 20, wherein the connecting element is integrally formed on the support plate. 22. The storage shelf base of claim 20, wherein the connecting element has a hook that engages behind a strip section of the base plate holder. 23. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate at least one adapter. 24. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the support plate has retaining elements that engage around the base plate. 25. The storage shelf base of claim 24, wherein the retaining elements are integrally formed on the support plate. 26. The storage shelf base of claim 19, wherein the base plate holder at least partially engages around an edge of the base plate, the support plate and the base plate holder have form-fit elements, via which the support plate is positively fixed to the base plate holder by a pivoting movement from a position of the support plate set at an angle to the base plate into a position of the support plate resting on the base plate. 27. The storage shelf base of claim 26, wherein recesses are integrally formed on a rear edge of the support plate facing the base plate holder, a hook element engages into each of the recesses, and the hook element is integrally formed on the base plate holder. 28. The storage shelf base of claim 27, wherein at least one recess is integrally formed in an underside of the support plate facing the base plate near the rear edge facing the base plate holder, a counter strip integrally formed on the base plate holder projects into the at least one recess when the support plate is pivoted onto the support plate. 29. The storage shelf base of claim 27, wherein bearing surfaces of respective side edges of the support plate rest close to the rear edge of the support plate against respective stop surfaces of stops projecting from the base plate holder towards the support plate. 30. The storage shelf base of claim 18, further comprising:
a tilting protection element, which engages over an upper edge of the shelf or engages in a groove of the shelf, wherein the tilting protection element is arranged on the support plate to prevent a tilting movement of the storage shelf about a tilting axis parallel to the shelf surface of the storage shelf. 31. The storage shelf base of claim 30, wherein a section of the tilt protection element is inserted in a second recess of the base plate holder. 32. The storage shelf base of claim 30, wherein the tilting protection element is a catch hook. 33. An item of furniture, comprising:
a body; a storage shelf; and at least one storage shelf base, which comprises
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture, wherein the storage shelf is configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally,
wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided,
wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the item of furniture by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. 34. A refrigerator or freezer, comprising:
a body; and a storage shelf; and at least one storage shelf base, which comprises
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the refrigerator or freezer, wherein the storage shelf is configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally,
wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided,
wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the refrigerator or freezer by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the refrigerator or freezer, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. | A storage shelf base for an item of furniture or household appliance includes a support plate stationarily arranged on a body of the item of furniture or household appliance, and a storage shelf positively driven relative to the support plate and can simultaneously be moved rotationally and translationally. Facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and the storage shelf have respective at least substantially closed circulating running grooves, in which rolling elements are guided. The support plate can be detachably secured to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance by an adapter or a base plate is stationarily arranged on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance, on which the support plate is detachably secured.1-17. (canceled) 18. A storage shelf base for an item of furniture or household appliance, the storage shelf base comprising:
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on a body of the item of furniture or household appliance; a storage shelf configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally, wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided, wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. 19. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture or household appliance and the at least one adapter is a base plate holder fixing the base plate to the body of the item of furniture or household appliance. 20. The storage shelf base of claim 19, wherein the base plate holder at least partially engages around an edge of the base plate and has at least one first recess in which a connecting element extending from an edge of the support plate is inserted, wherein the inserted connecting element is held in the base plate holder in a form-fitting or frictionally engaged manner. 21. The storage shelf base of claim 20, wherein the connecting element is integrally formed on the support plate. 22. The storage shelf base of claim 20, wherein the connecting element has a hook that engages behind a strip section of the base plate holder. 23. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate at least one adapter. 24. The storage shelf base of claim 18, wherein the support plate has retaining elements that engage around the base plate. 25. The storage shelf base of claim 24, wherein the retaining elements are integrally formed on the support plate. 26. The storage shelf base of claim 19, wherein the base plate holder at least partially engages around an edge of the base plate, the support plate and the base plate holder have form-fit elements, via which the support plate is positively fixed to the base plate holder by a pivoting movement from a position of the support plate set at an angle to the base plate into a position of the support plate resting on the base plate. 27. The storage shelf base of claim 26, wherein recesses are integrally formed on a rear edge of the support plate facing the base plate holder, a hook element engages into each of the recesses, and the hook element is integrally formed on the base plate holder. 28. The storage shelf base of claim 27, wherein at least one recess is integrally formed in an underside of the support plate facing the base plate near the rear edge facing the base plate holder, a counter strip integrally formed on the base plate holder projects into the at least one recess when the support plate is pivoted onto the support plate. 29. The storage shelf base of claim 27, wherein bearing surfaces of respective side edges of the support plate rest close to the rear edge of the support plate against respective stop surfaces of stops projecting from the base plate holder towards the support plate. 30. The storage shelf base of claim 18, further comprising:
a tilting protection element, which engages over an upper edge of the shelf or engages in a groove of the shelf, wherein the tilting protection element is arranged on the support plate to prevent a tilting movement of the storage shelf about a tilting axis parallel to the shelf surface of the storage shelf. 31. The storage shelf base of claim 30, wherein a section of the tilt protection element is inserted in a second recess of the base plate holder. 32. The storage shelf base of claim 30, wherein the tilting protection element is a catch hook. 33. An item of furniture, comprising:
a body; a storage shelf; and at least one storage shelf base, which comprises
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture, wherein the storage shelf is configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally,
wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided,
wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the item of furniture by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the item of furniture, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. 34. A refrigerator or freezer, comprising:
a body; and a storage shelf; and at least one storage shelf base, which comprises
a support plate arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the refrigerator or freezer, wherein the storage shelf is configured to be positively guided relative to the support plate and configured to simultaneously move rotatably and translationally,
wherein mutually facing bearing surfaces of the support plate and of the storage shelf have respective at least predominantly closed, circumferential running grooves in which rolling elements are guided,
wherein
the support plate is detachably fastened to the body of the refrigerator or freezer by at least one adapter, or
a base plate is arranged in a stationary manner on the body of the refrigerator or freezer, and the support plate is detachably fastened to the base plate. | 3,600 |
338,765 | 16,641,808 | 3,637 | There is provided a fit testing method comprising: providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing a first sensor, where the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, where the first sensor is attached to the respirator such that the weight of the first sensor is supported by the respirator; providing a second sensor configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, where the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter within the respirator to the particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator. | 1. A fit testing method comprising:
providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing a first sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, wherein the first sensor is attached to the respirator such that the weight of the first sensor is supported by the respirator; providing a second sensor configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, wherein the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter within the respirator to the particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is mounted substantially on an exterior surface of the respirator. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensor is mounted substantially within the interior gas space of the respirator 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, wherein the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein sizes of the first and second sensor and weights of the first and second sensor are selected such that the sensors do not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein sizes of the first and second sensor and weights of the first and second sensor are selected such that the sensors do not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is in electrical communication with a sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap between at least two electrodes on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the respirator. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the first sensor. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor communicates with the reader about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the respirator. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor communicates with the reader about physical properties related to a gas within the respirator. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors communicate with the reader about parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the respirator. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the respirator. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess performance of exercises by a wearer of the respirator. 18. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 20-27. (canceled) 28. A respiratory fit test system comprising a method according to claim 1. | There is provided a fit testing method comprising: providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing a first sensor, where the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, where the first sensor is attached to the respirator such that the weight of the first sensor is supported by the respirator; providing a second sensor configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, where the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter within the respirator to the particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator.1. A fit testing method comprising:
providing a respirator donned by a wearer; providing a first sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter within the respirator, wherein the first sensor is attached to the respirator such that the weight of the first sensor is supported by the respirator; providing a second sensor configured to monitor a particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator; and providing a reader configured to communicate with the sensor, wherein the reader is configured to provide a respirator fit parameter based on a comparison of the particulate concentration parameter within the respirator to the particulate concentration parameter outside the respirator. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is mounted substantially on an exterior surface of the respirator. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensor is mounted substantially within the interior gas space of the respirator 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an aerosol generator with a known aerosol output parameter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing an enclosure that is physically supported around the wearer's head, wherein the aerosol generator delivers aerosol with the known aerosol output parameter that is at least partially contained within the enclosure around wearer's head. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein sizes of the first and second sensor and weights of the first and second sensor are selected such that the sensors do not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein sizes of the first and second sensor and weights of the first and second sensor are selected such that the sensors do not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is in electrical communication with a sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap between at least two electrodes on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the respirator. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the first sensor. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor communicates with the reader about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the respirator. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor communicates with the reader about physical properties related to a gas within the respirator. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors communicate with the reader about parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the respirator. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the respirator. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess performance of exercises by a wearer of the respirator. 18. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 20-27. (canceled) 28. A respiratory fit test system comprising a method according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,766 | 16,641,839 | 3,637 | A motor vehicle door lock which is equipped with a locking mechanism that consists essentially of a rotary latch and a pawl. The lock also comprises a pawl spring for action on the pawl in the closing direction. The motor vehicle door lock further comprises an actuating lever for opening the locking mechanism. The actuating lever is additionally designed to act upon the pawl spring. | 1. A motor vehicle door latch, comprising a locking mechanism substantially consisting of a catch and a pawl, further comprising a pawl spring for acting on the pawl in the closing direction, and comprising an actuation lever for opening the locking mechanism, the actuation lever additionally being designed for acting on a pawl spring and being equipped with a projection that interacts with the pawl spring, characterized in that the projection acts on the pawl spring only when the pawl has been raised from the engagement thereof in the catch. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the pawl spring is designed as a leg spring. 5. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 4, wherein one leg of the leg spring is designed as a pawl arm and the other leg of the leg spring is designed as a fastening arm. 6. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 4, wherein the projection is oriented so as to be substantially perpendicular with respect to an actuation lever plane. 7. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever (8) is designed as an outer actuation lever/inner actuation lever. 8. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever acts on the locking mechanism by interposition of a tripping lever. 9. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever is designed so as to be pivotable substantially in parallel with a locking mechanism plane. 10. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever overlaps the pawl spring at least in part. | A motor vehicle door lock which is equipped with a locking mechanism that consists essentially of a rotary latch and a pawl. The lock also comprises a pawl spring for action on the pawl in the closing direction. The motor vehicle door lock further comprises an actuating lever for opening the locking mechanism. The actuating lever is additionally designed to act upon the pawl spring.1. A motor vehicle door latch, comprising a locking mechanism substantially consisting of a catch and a pawl, further comprising a pawl spring for acting on the pawl in the closing direction, and comprising an actuation lever for opening the locking mechanism, the actuation lever additionally being designed for acting on a pawl spring and being equipped with a projection that interacts with the pawl spring, characterized in that the projection acts on the pawl spring only when the pawl has been raised from the engagement thereof in the catch. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the pawl spring is designed as a leg spring. 5. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 4, wherein one leg of the leg spring is designed as a pawl arm and the other leg of the leg spring is designed as a fastening arm. 6. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 4, wherein the projection is oriented so as to be substantially perpendicular with respect to an actuation lever plane. 7. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever (8) is designed as an outer actuation lever/inner actuation lever. 8. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever acts on the locking mechanism by interposition of a tripping lever. 9. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever is designed so as to be pivotable substantially in parallel with a locking mechanism plane. 10. The motor vehicle door latch according to claim 1, wherein the actuation lever overlaps the pawl spring at least in part. | 3,600 |
338,767 | 16,641,828 | 3,637 | The invention relates to a method and a device for recognizing gestures by means of a monocular camera and can be used in particular in vehicle cameras of a partly autonomously driven vehicle. | 1. A method for recognizing gestures of a person from at least one image from a monocular camera, comprising the steps:
a) detecting key points of a person in the at least one image from the monocular camera, b) connecting key points to a skeleton-like representation of parts of the person, wherein the skeleton-like representation reflects the relative position and orientation of individual body parts of the person, c) recognizing a gesture from the skeleton-like representation of the person, and d) outputting the gesture recognized. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein groups are formed from one or more related body parts. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a body part belongs to multiple groups. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the number N of the groups is adjusted. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein a feature vector is assigned to each group, said feature vector being based on coordinates of the key points which are combined in the respective group. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the feature vectors of the groups of a person are merged with the aid of a clustered pose directory to produce a final feature vector. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the gesture is recognized on the basis of a classification of the final feature vector. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the viewing direction of the person is estimated based on the skeleton-like representation. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein it is checked whether the viewing direction of the person is directed towards the monocular camera. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gesture is recognized by a gesture classification which has previously been trained. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of key points which are assigned to a person is a maximum of 20. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein a person who has lowered his/her head and who is looking at his/her hand is classified as a distracted road user. 13. A device for recognizing gestures of a person from images from a monocular camera, wherein the device is configured
a) to detect key points of a person in the at least one image from the monocular camera, b) to connect key points to a skeleton-like representation of parts of the person, wherein the skeleton-like representation reflects the relative position and orientation of individual body parts of the person, c) to recognize a gesture from the skeleton-like representation of the person, and d) to produce and output an output signal representing the recognized gesture. 14. A vehicle having a monocular camera and a device according to claim 13. | The invention relates to a method and a device for recognizing gestures by means of a monocular camera and can be used in particular in vehicle cameras of a partly autonomously driven vehicle.1. A method for recognizing gestures of a person from at least one image from a monocular camera, comprising the steps:
a) detecting key points of a person in the at least one image from the monocular camera, b) connecting key points to a skeleton-like representation of parts of the person, wherein the skeleton-like representation reflects the relative position and orientation of individual body parts of the person, c) recognizing a gesture from the skeleton-like representation of the person, and d) outputting the gesture recognized. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein groups are formed from one or more related body parts. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a body part belongs to multiple groups. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the number N of the groups is adjusted. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein a feature vector is assigned to each group, said feature vector being based on coordinates of the key points which are combined in the respective group. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the feature vectors of the groups of a person are merged with the aid of a clustered pose directory to produce a final feature vector. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the gesture is recognized on the basis of a classification of the final feature vector. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the viewing direction of the person is estimated based on the skeleton-like representation. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein it is checked whether the viewing direction of the person is directed towards the monocular camera. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gesture is recognized by a gesture classification which has previously been trained. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of key points which are assigned to a person is a maximum of 20. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein a person who has lowered his/her head and who is looking at his/her hand is classified as a distracted road user. 13. A device for recognizing gestures of a person from images from a monocular camera, wherein the device is configured
a) to detect key points of a person in the at least one image from the monocular camera, b) to connect key points to a skeleton-like representation of parts of the person, wherein the skeleton-like representation reflects the relative position and orientation of individual body parts of the person, c) to recognize a gesture from the skeleton-like representation of the person, and d) to produce and output an output signal representing the recognized gesture. 14. A vehicle having a monocular camera and a device according to claim 13. | 3,600 |
338,768 | 16,641,830 | 3,637 | The present disclosure provides a line segment detection method, apparatus, device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Said method includes: extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. | 1. A line segment detection method, comprising:
extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein extracting image features of an image to be processed comprises:
when the image is a chromatic image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value as the image feature based on an image gradient fusion method; or subjecting the chromatic image to a grayscale processing, and extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value after the grayscale processing is performed as the image features; when the image is a grayscale image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value of the image as the image features. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the image gradient fusion method is:
extracting a maximum value from amplitudes of among a red channel gradient, a green channel gradient, a blue channel gradient of the chromatic image, and a channel gradient amplitude after grayscale processing is performed as a gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image; and extracting a gradient angle corresponding to the gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image as a gradient angle of the fused chromatic image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features comprises:
determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features through non-maximum suppression and threshold filtering. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method of determining a plurality of seed points through non-maximum suppression is as follows: 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein determining a plurality of seed points through threshold filtering comprises:
taking a difference between a statistical average value of the amplitude of the image gradient and a statistical variance of the image gradient at a preset multiple as a threshold, taking all effective pixel dots of which an effective pixel gradient after the image gradient is subjected to non-maximum suppression is greater than the threshold as seed points for growth of the connected region, meanwhile taking all pixel dots of which gradient amplitude is greater than a sum of the statistical average value of the amplitude of the image gradient and the statistical variance of the image gradient as seed points for growth of the connected region. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule comprises:
selecting a seed point as an initial growing point in an order from a large gradient amplitude to a small gradient amplitude; for each initial growing point, adding other seed points that satisfy the region growth rule into an initial connected region of the seed point as the current connected region. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gradient amplitude growth rule is:
sorting gradient amplitudes of neighborhood pixels of each initial growing point, and selecting the pixels whose amplitudes are ranked at a predetermined order as the pixels that satisfy the gradient amplitude growth rule. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gradient angle growth rule is: taking pixels that are not added into the current connected region as pixels to be determined, selecting pixels to be determined, an absolute value of a difference between whose gradient angle and the gradient angle of the current connected region is less than a predetermined value, as pixels that satisfy the gradient angle growth rule. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after determining the current connected region of respective seed point according to the region growth rule, performing region revision on the current connected region, the region revision including: comparing a proportion of pixels within the current connected region to pixels of its circumscribed rectangle with a set proportion threshold; when the proportion of pixels within the current connected region to pixels of its circumscribed rectangle is less than the set proportion threshold, restarting region growth by reducing an image gradient angle threshold or reducing a length of the circumscribed rectangle. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point comprises:
performing fitting of lines to which the line segments belong by exerting non-maximum suppression to pixels within the current connected region; and determining two endpoints of the fitted line segments with reference to image coordinate information of the pixels within the current connected region. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein after performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point, the method further comprises the following steps:
calculating a number of false line segments in the image, and selecting a line segment detection result in which the number of false line segments is less than a preset threshold, as a valid result. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the number of false line segments NFA in the image is calculated by the following method: 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the preset threshold is a maximum number of false line segments allowed in an image. 15. A line segment detection apparatus, comprising:
an image feature extraction unit configured to extract image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; a seed point determination unit configured to determine a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; a region growth rule determination unit configured to determine, for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and a line segment fitting unit configured to perform line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein extracting image features of an image to be processed comprises:
when the image is a chromatic image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value as the image features based on an image gradient fusion method; or subjecting the chromatic image to grayscale processing, and extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value after the grayscale processsing is performed as the image features; when the image is a grayscale image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value of the image as the image features. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the image gradient fusion method is:
extracting a maximum value from among amplitudes of a red channel gradient, a green channel gradient, a blue channel gradient of the chromatic image, and a channel gradient amplitude after grayscale processing is performed, as a gradient amplitude of a fused chromatic image; and extracting a gradient angle corresponding to the gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image as a gradient angle of the fused chromatic image. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features comprises:
determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features through non-maximum suppression and threshold filtering. 19. A line segment detection device, comprising:
a memory, configured to store computer-readable instructions; and a processor, configured to process the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory, wherein the method of claim 1 is executed when the processor processes the computer-readable instructions. 20. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the following method:
extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. | The present disclosure provides a line segment detection method, apparatus, device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Said method includes: extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point.1. A line segment detection method, comprising:
extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein extracting image features of an image to be processed comprises:
when the image is a chromatic image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value as the image feature based on an image gradient fusion method; or subjecting the chromatic image to a grayscale processing, and extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value after the grayscale processing is performed as the image features; when the image is a grayscale image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value of the image as the image features. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the image gradient fusion method is:
extracting a maximum value from amplitudes of among a red channel gradient, a green channel gradient, a blue channel gradient of the chromatic image, and a channel gradient amplitude after grayscale processing is performed as a gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image; and extracting a gradient angle corresponding to the gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image as a gradient angle of the fused chromatic image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features comprises:
determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features through non-maximum suppression and threshold filtering. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method of determining a plurality of seed points through non-maximum suppression is as follows: 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein determining a plurality of seed points through threshold filtering comprises:
taking a difference between a statistical average value of the amplitude of the image gradient and a statistical variance of the image gradient at a preset multiple as a threshold, taking all effective pixel dots of which an effective pixel gradient after the image gradient is subjected to non-maximum suppression is greater than the threshold as seed points for growth of the connected region, meanwhile taking all pixel dots of which gradient amplitude is greater than a sum of the statistical average value of the amplitude of the image gradient and the statistical variance of the image gradient as seed points for growth of the connected region. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule comprises:
selecting a seed point as an initial growing point in an order from a large gradient amplitude to a small gradient amplitude; for each initial growing point, adding other seed points that satisfy the region growth rule into an initial connected region of the seed point as the current connected region. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gradient amplitude growth rule is:
sorting gradient amplitudes of neighborhood pixels of each initial growing point, and selecting the pixels whose amplitudes are ranked at a predetermined order as the pixels that satisfy the gradient amplitude growth rule. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gradient angle growth rule is: taking pixels that are not added into the current connected region as pixels to be determined, selecting pixels to be determined, an absolute value of a difference between whose gradient angle and the gradient angle of the current connected region is less than a predetermined value, as pixels that satisfy the gradient angle growth rule. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after determining the current connected region of respective seed point according to the region growth rule, performing region revision on the current connected region, the region revision including: comparing a proportion of pixels within the current connected region to pixels of its circumscribed rectangle with a set proportion threshold; when the proportion of pixels within the current connected region to pixels of its circumscribed rectangle is less than the set proportion threshold, restarting region growth by reducing an image gradient angle threshold or reducing a length of the circumscribed rectangle. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point comprises:
performing fitting of lines to which the line segments belong by exerting non-maximum suppression to pixels within the current connected region; and determining two endpoints of the fitted line segments with reference to image coordinate information of the pixels within the current connected region. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein after performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point, the method further comprises the following steps:
calculating a number of false line segments in the image, and selecting a line segment detection result in which the number of false line segments is less than a preset threshold, as a valid result. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the number of false line segments NFA in the image is calculated by the following method: 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the preset threshold is a maximum number of false line segments allowed in an image. 15. A line segment detection apparatus, comprising:
an image feature extraction unit configured to extract image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; a seed point determination unit configured to determine a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; a region growth rule determination unit configured to determine, for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and a line segment fitting unit configured to perform line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein extracting image features of an image to be processed comprises:
when the image is a chromatic image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value as the image features based on an image gradient fusion method; or subjecting the chromatic image to grayscale processing, and extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value after the grayscale processsing is performed as the image features; when the image is a grayscale image, extracting the gradient angle value and the gradient amplitude value of the image as the image features. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the image gradient fusion method is:
extracting a maximum value from among amplitudes of a red channel gradient, a green channel gradient, a blue channel gradient of the chromatic image, and a channel gradient amplitude after grayscale processing is performed, as a gradient amplitude of a fused chromatic image; and extracting a gradient angle corresponding to the gradient amplitude of the fused chromatic image as a gradient angle of the fused chromatic image. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features comprises:
determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features through non-maximum suppression and threshold filtering. 19. A line segment detection device, comprising:
a memory, configured to store computer-readable instructions; and a processor, configured to process the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory, wherein the method of claim 1 is executed when the processor processes the computer-readable instructions. 20. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the following method:
extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. | 3,600 |
338,769 | 16,641,823 | 1,774 | This disclosure relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit which utilizes HF as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit which utilizes sulfuric acid as a reaction catalyst. This disclosure also relates to a segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler. This disclosure also relates to converted sulfuric acid alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted sulfuric acid alkylation units. | 1. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprising an HF alkylation reactor, an HF alkylation fractionation section comprising at least one fractionator, and an HF acid relief neutralizer vessel, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; (b) retaining the HF acid relief neutralizer vessel as a blowdown vapor scrubber; (c) retaining the HF alkylation fractionation section as a sulfuric acid alkylation fractionation section; (d) providing at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; (e) providing a refrigeration section comprising a refrigerant compressor and a heat exchanger for condensing a vapor stream from the refrigerant compressor; (f) providing a conduit for recycling an isoparaffin comprising isobutane from the refrigeration section to said at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; and (g) providing a feed/effluent heat exchanger for cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream and heating a net effluent stream. 2. A segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase, the sulfuric acid settler comprising:
(a) a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, and a bottom; (b) at least one internal vertical wall defining two or more settling chambers within the vessel; (c) an inlet for each settling chamber for ingress of a sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion; (d) an outlet for each settling chamber located below the inlet for that settling chamber for exit of the sulfuric acid phase from that settling chamber; and (e) a coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the coalescing media being positioned above the at least one internal vertical wall. 3. The segmented sulfuric acid settler of claim 2, wherein the coalescing media comprises a first coalescing media and a second coalescing media, the first coalescing media extends substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel and is positioned above the at least one internal vertical wall, the second coalescing media extends substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel and is spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vessel. 4. The segmented sulfuric acid settler of claim 3 wherein the at least one internal vertical wall extends upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel to the first coalescing media. 5. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) modifying a suitable vessel in the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit to provide a segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprises a vertical HF acid settler, and the vertical HF acid settler is modified to provide the segmented sulfuric acid settler. 7. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) providing a new segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. 8. The method as in one of claims 5-7, further comprising:
(c) providing two or more sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zones disposed in sequence, each sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone having a sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion outlet and a sulfuric acid inlet, the number of the sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zones and the number of the settling chambers being equal; and (d) providing conduits connecting the sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion outlet and the sulfuric acid inlet of a sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone with the inlet and the outlet of a settling chamber respectively so that each sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone is connected or coupled with a different settling chamber to form one-to-one correspondence. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising: providing a conduit connecting the sulfuric acid inlet of a non-first sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone with an outlet or an additional outlet (if present) of the immediately preceding settling chamber. 10. A method for converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler, the vertical HF acid settler comprising a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, a bottom, and an internal baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel, the method comprising:
(a) retaining the internal baffle to provide at least one internal vertical wall defining settling chambers within the vessel, said internal vertical wall extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel; (b) retaining the outlet which is at the top section of the vertical vessel; (c) providing a first coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the first coalescing media being positioned above the internal vertical wall; and (d) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising: providing a second coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the second coalescing media being spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vertical vessel. 12. The method of claim 10 or 11, further comprising:
(e) installing additional one or more internal vertical walls defining additional settling chambers within the vessel, said additional one or more internal vertical walls extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel and having substantially the same height as the at least one internal vertical wall converted from the internal baffle; and
(f) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said additional settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 13. A method for converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler, the vertical HF acid settler comprising a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, a bottom, and internal components comprising an internal baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel, the method comprising:
(a) removing the internal components from the vertical vessel; (b) installing one or more internal vertical walls defining two or more settling chambers within the vessel, said one or more internal vertical walls extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel; (c) retaining the outlet which is at the top section of the vertical vessel; (d) providing a first coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the first coalescing media being positioned above the one or more internal vertical walls; and (e) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said two or more settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising: providing a second coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the second coalescing media being spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vertical vessel. 15. A converted sulfuric acid alkylation unit comprising a segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. | This disclosure relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit which utilizes HF as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit which utilizes sulfuric acid as a reaction catalyst. This disclosure also relates to a segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler. This disclosure also relates to converted sulfuric acid alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted sulfuric acid alkylation units.1. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprising an HF alkylation reactor, an HF alkylation fractionation section comprising at least one fractionator, and an HF acid relief neutralizer vessel, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; (b) retaining the HF acid relief neutralizer vessel as a blowdown vapor scrubber; (c) retaining the HF alkylation fractionation section as a sulfuric acid alkylation fractionation section; (d) providing at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; (e) providing a refrigeration section comprising a refrigerant compressor and a heat exchanger for condensing a vapor stream from the refrigerant compressor; (f) providing a conduit for recycling an isoparaffin comprising isobutane from the refrigeration section to said at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; and (g) providing a feed/effluent heat exchanger for cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream and heating a net effluent stream. 2. A segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase, the sulfuric acid settler comprising:
(a) a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, and a bottom; (b) at least one internal vertical wall defining two or more settling chambers within the vessel; (c) an inlet for each settling chamber for ingress of a sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion; (d) an outlet for each settling chamber located below the inlet for that settling chamber for exit of the sulfuric acid phase from that settling chamber; and (e) a coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the coalescing media being positioned above the at least one internal vertical wall. 3. The segmented sulfuric acid settler of claim 2, wherein the coalescing media comprises a first coalescing media and a second coalescing media, the first coalescing media extends substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel and is positioned above the at least one internal vertical wall, the second coalescing media extends substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel and is spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vessel. 4. The segmented sulfuric acid settler of claim 3 wherein the at least one internal vertical wall extends upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel to the first coalescing media. 5. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) modifying a suitable vessel in the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit to provide a segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprises a vertical HF acid settler, and the vertical HF acid settler is modified to provide the segmented sulfuric acid settler. 7. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) providing a new segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. 8. The method as in one of claims 5-7, further comprising:
(c) providing two or more sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zones disposed in sequence, each sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone having a sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion outlet and a sulfuric acid inlet, the number of the sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zones and the number of the settling chambers being equal; and (d) providing conduits connecting the sulfuric acid/hydrocarbon emulsion outlet and the sulfuric acid inlet of a sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone with the inlet and the outlet of a settling chamber respectively so that each sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone is connected or coupled with a different settling chamber to form one-to-one correspondence. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising: providing a conduit connecting the sulfuric acid inlet of a non-first sulfuric acid alkylation reaction zone with an outlet or an additional outlet (if present) of the immediately preceding settling chamber. 10. A method for converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler, the vertical HF acid settler comprising a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, a bottom, and an internal baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel, the method comprising:
(a) retaining the internal baffle to provide at least one internal vertical wall defining settling chambers within the vessel, said internal vertical wall extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel; (b) retaining the outlet which is at the top section of the vertical vessel; (c) providing a first coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the first coalescing media being positioned above the internal vertical wall; and (d) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising: providing a second coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the second coalescing media being spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vertical vessel. 12. The method of claim 10 or 11, further comprising:
(e) installing additional one or more internal vertical walls defining additional settling chambers within the vessel, said additional one or more internal vertical walls extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel and having substantially the same height as the at least one internal vertical wall converted from the internal baffle; and
(f) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said additional settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 13. A method for converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler, the vertical HF acid settler comprising a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, a bottom, and internal components comprising an internal baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel, the method comprising:
(a) removing the internal components from the vertical vessel; (b) installing one or more internal vertical walls defining two or more settling chambers within the vessel, said one or more internal vertical walls extending upwardly from the bottom of the vertical vessel; (c) retaining the outlet which is at the top section of the vertical vessel; (d) providing a first coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the first coalescing media being positioned above the one or more internal vertical walls; and (e) providing an inlet and an outlet for each of said two or more settling chambers, the outlet of a settling chamber being positioned below the inlet of said settling chamber. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising: providing a second coalescing media extending substantially the full diameter of the vertical vessel, the second coalescing media being spaced above the first coalescing media but below the outlet at the top section of the vertical vessel. 15. A converted sulfuric acid alkylation unit comprising a segmented sulfuric acid settler as set forth in one of claims 2-4. | 1,700 |
338,770 | 16,641,835 | 1,774 | A system, method, and computer program product for dynamic application selection for payment transactions determines identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device. At least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications is determined based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution. Electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution is accessed at a merchant system of the merchant. The at least one transaction is modified based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. An authorization response message is received after communicating an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction. | 1. A computer-implemented method for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, the method comprising:
determining, with at least one processor, identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determining, with at least one processor, at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; accessing, with at least one processor, electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modifying, with at least one processor, the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicating, with at least one processor, an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receiving, with at least one processor, an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, acceptance data that indicates acceptance of the at least one electronic service application; and modifying, with at least one processor, the at least one transaction in response to the acceptance data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data is stored on at least one of the following: a Point of Sale (POS) device of the merchant system, a backend system of the merchant system, or any combination thereof. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the issuer institution is associated with two or more electronic service applications of the plurality of electronic service applications, the method further comprising:
based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, determining, with at least one processor, a subset of the two or more electronic service applications as the at least one electronic service application. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, with at least one processor, the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on at least one of the following: a transaction amount of the at least one transaction, a transaction date and/or time of the at least one transaction, a location of the at least one transaction or merchant, a currency of the at least one transaction, a transaction data category of the at least one transaction, a type of the portable financial device, or any combination thereof. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, the transaction data associated with the at least one transaction, wherein the transaction data comprises portable financial device data associated with the portable financial device, and wherein the portable financial device data comprises an account identifier. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the identification data of the issuer institution comprises at least one of the following: a Bank Identification Number (BIN), a range of BINs, an Issuer Identification Number (IIN), a range of IINs, or any combination thereof. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data comprises Application Programming Interface (API) information associated with the plurality of electronic service applications, the method further comprising:
initiating, or causing the initiation of, with at least one processor, at least one API call to at least one external computing system associated with the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein modifying the at least one transaction comprises at least one of the following:
reducing a transaction amount of the at least one transaction; dividing the transaction amount of the at least one transaction into a plurality of installment amounts; automatically enrolling, or causing the enrollment of, a customer associated with the portable financial device in an incentive program; automatically transmitting, or causing the transmission of, a benefit to a user device of the customer; automatically crediting, or causing the crediting of, a merchant loyalty account of the customer; or any combination thereof. 10. A system for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, comprising at least one computer including at least one processor, the at least computer programmed and/or configured to:
determine identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determine at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; access electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modify the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicate an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receive an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programed and/or configured to:
receive acceptance data that indicates acceptance of the at least one electronic service application; and modify the at least one transaction in response to the acceptance data. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data is stored on at least one of the following: a Point of Sale (POS) device of the merchant, a backend system of the merchant, or any combination thereof. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the issuer institution is associated with two or more electronic service applications of the plurality of electronic service applications, and wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to determine a subset of the two or more electronic service applications as the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to determine the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on at least one of the following: a transaction amount of the at least one transaction, a transaction date and/or time of the at least one transaction, a location of the at least one transaction or merchant, a currency of the at least one transaction, a transaction data category of the at least one transaction, a type of the portable financial device, or any combination thereof. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to receive the transaction data associated with the at least one transaction, wherein the transaction data comprises portable financial device data associated with a customer, and wherein the portable financial device data comprises an account identifier. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the identification data of the issuer institution comprises at least one of the following: a Bank Identification Number (BIN), a range of BINs, an Issuer Identification Number (IIN), a range of IINs, or any combination thereof. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the electronic service application data comprises Application Programming Interface (API) information associated with the plurality of electronic service applications, and wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to:
initiate, or causing the initiation of, at least one API call to at least one external computing system associated with the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer comprises a cloud-based Point of Sale (POS) system. 19. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to modify the at least one transaction by at least one of the following:
reducing a transaction amount of the at least one transaction; dividing the transaction amount of the at least one transaction into a plurality of installment amounts; automatically enrolling, or causing the enrollment of, a customer associated with the portable financial device in an incentive program; automatically transmitting, or causing the transmission of, a benefit to a user device of the customer; automatically crediting, or causing the crediting of, a merchant loyalty account of the customer; or any combination thereof. 20. A computer program product for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor cause the at least one processor to:
determine identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determine at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; access electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modify the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicate an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receive an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. | A system, method, and computer program product for dynamic application selection for payment transactions determines identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device. At least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications is determined based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution. Electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution is accessed at a merchant system of the merchant. The at least one transaction is modified based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. An authorization response message is received after communicating an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction.1. A computer-implemented method for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, the method comprising:
determining, with at least one processor, identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determining, with at least one processor, at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; accessing, with at least one processor, electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modifying, with at least one processor, the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicating, with at least one processor, an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receiving, with at least one processor, an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, acceptance data that indicates acceptance of the at least one electronic service application; and modifying, with at least one processor, the at least one transaction in response to the acceptance data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data is stored on at least one of the following: a Point of Sale (POS) device of the merchant system, a backend system of the merchant system, or any combination thereof. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the issuer institution is associated with two or more electronic service applications of the plurality of electronic service applications, the method further comprising:
based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, determining, with at least one processor, a subset of the two or more electronic service applications as the at least one electronic service application. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, with at least one processor, the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on at least one of the following: a transaction amount of the at least one transaction, a transaction date and/or time of the at least one transaction, a location of the at least one transaction or merchant, a currency of the at least one transaction, a transaction data category of the at least one transaction, a type of the portable financial device, or any combination thereof. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, the transaction data associated with the at least one transaction, wherein the transaction data comprises portable financial device data associated with the portable financial device, and wherein the portable financial device data comprises an account identifier. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the identification data of the issuer institution comprises at least one of the following: a Bank Identification Number (BIN), a range of BINs, an Issuer Identification Number (IIN), a range of IINs, or any combination thereof. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data comprises Application Programming Interface (API) information associated with the plurality of electronic service applications, the method further comprising:
initiating, or causing the initiation of, with at least one processor, at least one API call to at least one external computing system associated with the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein modifying the at least one transaction comprises at least one of the following:
reducing a transaction amount of the at least one transaction; dividing the transaction amount of the at least one transaction into a plurality of installment amounts; automatically enrolling, or causing the enrollment of, a customer associated with the portable financial device in an incentive program; automatically transmitting, or causing the transmission of, a benefit to a user device of the customer; automatically crediting, or causing the crediting of, a merchant loyalty account of the customer; or any combination thereof. 10. A system for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, comprising at least one computer including at least one processor, the at least computer programmed and/or configured to:
determine identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determine at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; access electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modify the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicate an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receive an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programed and/or configured to:
receive acceptance data that indicates acceptance of the at least one electronic service application; and modify the at least one transaction in response to the acceptance data. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of electronic service application data is stored on at least one of the following: a Point of Sale (POS) device of the merchant, a backend system of the merchant, or any combination thereof. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the issuer institution is associated with two or more electronic service applications of the plurality of electronic service applications, and wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to determine a subset of the two or more electronic service applications as the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to determine the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on at least one of the following: a transaction amount of the at least one transaction, a transaction date and/or time of the at least one transaction, a location of the at least one transaction or merchant, a currency of the at least one transaction, a transaction data category of the at least one transaction, a type of the portable financial device, or any combination thereof. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to receive the transaction data associated with the at least one transaction, wherein the transaction data comprises portable financial device data associated with a customer, and wherein the portable financial device data comprises an account identifier. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the identification data of the issuer institution comprises at least one of the following: a Bank Identification Number (BIN), a range of BINs, an Issuer Identification Number (IIN), a range of IINs, or any combination thereof. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the electronic service application data comprises Application Programming Interface (API) information associated with the plurality of electronic service applications, and wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to:
initiate, or causing the initiation of, at least one API call to at least one external computing system associated with the at least one electronic service application based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer comprises a cloud-based Point of Sale (POS) system. 19. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one computer is programmed and/or configured to modify the at least one transaction by at least one of the following:
reducing a transaction amount of the at least one transaction; dividing the transaction amount of the at least one transaction into a plurality of installment amounts; automatically enrolling, or causing the enrollment of, a customer associated with the portable financial device in an incentive program; automatically transmitting, or causing the transmission of, a benefit to a user device of the customer; automatically crediting, or causing the crediting of, a merchant loyalty account of the customer; or any combination thereof. 20. A computer program product for dynamic application selection for payment transactions, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor cause the at least one processor to:
determine identification data of an issuer institution associated with a portable financial device based at least partially on transaction data associated with at least one transaction at a merchant with the portable financial device; determine at least one electronic service application of a plurality of electronic service applications based at least partially on the identification data of the issuer institution, wherein a plurality of electronic service application data associated with the plurality of electronic service applications is stored in association with a plurality of issuing institutions at a merchant system of the merchant; access electronic service application data of the plurality of electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application and stored in association with the issuer institution at the merchant system of the merchant; modify the at least one transaction based at least partially on the electronic service application data associated with the at least one electronic service application; communicate an authorization request message associated with the at least one modified transaction; and receive an authorization response message after communicating the authorization request message. | 1,700 |
338,771 | 16,641,847 | 1,774 | An electronic device includes a housing that includes a cover glass, a rear plate, and a side member, a first antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a first corner of the side member and transmits/receives a first radio frequency (RF) signal corresponding to first data, a second antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a second corner of the side member and transmits/receives a second RF signal corresponding to the first data, a third antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a third corner of the side member and transmits/receives a third RF signal corresponding to second data, a fourth antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a fourth corner of the side member and transmits/receives a fourth RF signal corresponding to the second data, and a communication module. The communication module controls at least one of the arrays such that a beam for transmitting/receiving at least one RF signal of the first, second, third, fourth RF signal is formed. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing including a cover glass formed in a substantial quadrangle, a rear plate having a shape corresponding to the cover glass and facing away from the cover glass, and a side member surrounding a space between the cover glass and the rear plate; a first antenna array positioned adjacent to a first corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a first radio frequency (RF) signal corresponding to first data; a second antenna array positioned adjacent to a second corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a second RF signal corresponding to the first data; a third antenna array positioned adjacent to a third corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a third RF signal corresponding to second data; a fourth antenna array positioned adjacent to a fourth corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a fourth RF signal corresponding to the second data; and a communication module positioned within the housing and electrically connected with the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array, wherein the communication module is configured to:
control at least one of the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that at least one beam for transmitting/receiving at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal is formed. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first corner and the second corner are in diagonal relationship, and the third corner and the fourth corner are in diagonal relationship. 3. The electronic device of claim 1,
wherein each of the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements, and wherein, to form the at least one beam, the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, which the antenna elements transmit/receive. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in proportion to a gap between the antenna elements. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in proportion to a sine value of a direction angle of a main lobe of the beam. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one grip sensor configured to detect whether a grip of a user is made, wherein the communication module selects an antenna array which transmits/receives at least one of the first data and the second data, based on the detection result of the at least one grip sensor. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein, in the case where the detection result indicates that a region adjacent to the second corner and a region adjacent to the fourth corner are gripped in the electronic device, the communication module selects at least one of the first antenna array and the third antenna array for the purpose of transmitting/receiving at least one of the first data and the second data. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a posture detection sensor, wherein the communication module selects an antenna array which transmits/receives at least one of the first data and the second data, based on a posture detection result of the posture detection sensor. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein, in the case where a posture of the electronic device is detected as a posture in which the second corner and the fourth corner are closer to a ground than the first corner and the third corner, the communication module selects at least one of the first antenna array and the third antenna array for the purpose of transmitting/receiving at least one of the first data and the second data. 10. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the posture detection sensor includes a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, or a geomagnetic sensor. 11. The electronic device of claim 1,
wherein the electronic device is configured to transmit/receive a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, and wherein the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for transmitting/receiving the plurality of RF signals are formed in the same direction. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device transmits/receives at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in a time division duplex (TDD) manner. 13. The electronic device of claim 12,
wherein the electronic device is configured to receive a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, and wherein the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for receiving the plurality of RF signals are formed in different directions. 14. The electronic device of claim 12,
wherein the electronic device is configured to transmit a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, wherein, in the case where an electric field situation is not lower than a specified reference, the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for transmitting the plurality of RF signals are formed in different directions, and wherein, in the case where the electric field situation is lower than the specified reference, the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that the plurality of beams for transmitting the plurality of RF signals are formed in the same direction. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the electric field situation is determined based on at least one of a reference signals received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a received signal strength index (RSSI), and a signal noise ratio (SNR). | An electronic device includes a housing that includes a cover glass, a rear plate, and a side member, a first antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a first corner of the side member and transmits/receives a first radio frequency (RF) signal corresponding to first data, a second antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a second corner of the side member and transmits/receives a second RF signal corresponding to the first data, a third antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a third corner of the side member and transmits/receives a third RF signal corresponding to second data, a fourth antenna array that is positioned adjacent to a fourth corner of the side member and transmits/receives a fourth RF signal corresponding to the second data, and a communication module. The communication module controls at least one of the arrays such that a beam for transmitting/receiving at least one RF signal of the first, second, third, fourth RF signal is formed.1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing including a cover glass formed in a substantial quadrangle, a rear plate having a shape corresponding to the cover glass and facing away from the cover glass, and a side member surrounding a space between the cover glass and the rear plate; a first antenna array positioned adjacent to a first corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a first radio frequency (RF) signal corresponding to first data; a second antenna array positioned adjacent to a second corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a second RF signal corresponding to the first data; a third antenna array positioned adjacent to a third corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a third RF signal corresponding to second data; a fourth antenna array positioned adjacent to a fourth corner of the side member within the housing and configured to transmit/receive a fourth RF signal corresponding to the second data; and a communication module positioned within the housing and electrically connected with the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array, wherein the communication module is configured to:
control at least one of the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that at least one beam for transmitting/receiving at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal is formed. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first corner and the second corner are in diagonal relationship, and the third corner and the fourth corner are in diagonal relationship. 3. The electronic device of claim 1,
wherein each of the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements, and wherein, to form the at least one beam, the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, which the antenna elements transmit/receive. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in proportion to a gap between the antenna elements. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the communication module changes a phase of at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in proportion to a sine value of a direction angle of a main lobe of the beam. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one grip sensor configured to detect whether a grip of a user is made, wherein the communication module selects an antenna array which transmits/receives at least one of the first data and the second data, based on the detection result of the at least one grip sensor. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein, in the case where the detection result indicates that a region adjacent to the second corner and a region adjacent to the fourth corner are gripped in the electronic device, the communication module selects at least one of the first antenna array and the third antenna array for the purpose of transmitting/receiving at least one of the first data and the second data. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a posture detection sensor, wherein the communication module selects an antenna array which transmits/receives at least one of the first data and the second data, based on a posture detection result of the posture detection sensor. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein, in the case where a posture of the electronic device is detected as a posture in which the second corner and the fourth corner are closer to a ground than the first corner and the third corner, the communication module selects at least one of the first antenna array and the third antenna array for the purpose of transmitting/receiving at least one of the first data and the second data. 10. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the posture detection sensor includes a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, or a geomagnetic sensor. 11. The electronic device of claim 1,
wherein the electronic device is configured to transmit/receive a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, and wherein the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for transmitting/receiving the plurality of RF signals are formed in the same direction. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device transmits/receives at least one RF signal of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal in a time division duplex (TDD) manner. 13. The electronic device of claim 12,
wherein the electronic device is configured to receive a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, and wherein the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for receiving the plurality of RF signals are formed in different directions. 14. The electronic device of claim 12,
wherein the electronic device is configured to transmit a plurality of RF signals of the first RF signal, the second RF signal, the third RF signal, and the fourth RF signal, wherein, in the case where an electric field situation is not lower than a specified reference, the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that a plurality of beams for transmitting the plurality of RF signals are formed in different directions, and wherein, in the case where the electric field situation is lower than the specified reference, the communication module controls the first antenna array, the second antenna array, the third antenna array, and the fourth antenna array such that the plurality of beams for transmitting the plurality of RF signals are formed in the same direction. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the electric field situation is determined based on at least one of a reference signals received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a received signal strength index (RSSI), and a signal noise ratio (SNR). | 1,700 |
338,772 | 16,641,833 | 1,774 | A decoder performs: computing (S501) a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j; and sorting (S502) the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j). The decoder then performs a beliefs propagation iterative process as follows: updating (S503) output beliefs for the W top kernels of the list , and propagating said output beliefs as input beliefs of the neighbour kernels of said W top kernels; updating (S504) output beliefs for each neighbour kernel of said W top kernels following update of their input beliefs, and re-computing (S505) the performance-improvement metric value (i,j) for each said neighbour kernel; setting (S505) the performance-improvement metric for said W top kernels to a null value; and re-ordering (S506) the kernels in the list | 1. A method for performing beliefs propagation in a scope of polar code decoding by a decoder, the polar code having a size of N bits and being based on a structure of L sub-polarization stages of N/2 parallel kernels Ki,j, wherein N and L being positive integers such that N=2L, wherein i is an index that identifies the sub-polarization stage of the kernel Ki,j and j is an index that represents the position of said kernel Ki,j among the N/2 parallel kernels at the sub-polarization stage identified by the index i, the N/2 parallel kernels at each sub-polarization stage are separated from their neighbour N/2 parallel kernels at each adjacent sub-polarization stage by a shuffler (Φi), characterized in that the decoder performs:
computing a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j of the structure, wherein the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the input beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j are not in agreement and/or the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the output beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j bring instantaneous information rate to the neighbour kernels of said considered kernel Ki,j; and
sorting the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric ; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on a difference between the sum of the information rate associated to the input beliefs of said kernel Ki,j, and the sum of the information rate associated to each input belief of said kernel Ki,j before the previous update of said kernel Ki,j. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the value (i,j)= (1)(i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on a sum rate difference between the sum of the information rate associated to input ex post beliefs of said kernel Ki,j, and the sum of the information rate associated to input ex post beliefs of said kernel Ki,j before the previous update of said kernel Ki,j, wherein ex-post belief is a sum of a-priori beliefs and extrinsic beliefs. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the value (i,j)= (2)(i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on an increase of information output by the kernel Ki,j during the last update of said kernel Ki,j. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the value (i, j)= (3) (i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j further depends on an increase of information output by the kernel Ki,j during the last update of said kernel Ki,j. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value (i, j)= (1)(i,j)+ (3)(i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value (i,j)= (1) (i, j)· (3) (i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stop condition is met when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
when a time period of predefined duration has ended since the beliefs propagation iterative process has started; when a predefined quantity of iterations has been performed in the beliefs propagation iterative process; and when the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric of the kernel at the top position in the list is below a predefined threshold. 12. A computer program product comprising program code instructions that can be loaded in a programmable device for implementing the method according to claim 1, when the program code instructions are run by the programmable device. 13. Non-transitory information storage medium storing a computer program comprising program code instructions that can be loaded in a programmable device for implementing the method according to claim 1, when the program code instructions are run by the programmable device. 14. A polar code decoder configured for performing beliefs propagation in a scope of polar code decoding, the polar code having a size of N bits and being based on a structure of L sub-polarization stages of N/2 parallel kernels Ki,j, wherein N and L being positive integers such that N=2L, wherein i is an index that identifies the sub-polarization stage of the kernel Ki,j and j is an index that represents the position of said kernel Ki,j among the N/2 parallel kernels at the sub-polarization stage identified by the index i, the N/2 parallel kernels at each sub-polarization stage are separated from their neighbour N/2 parallel kernels at each adjacent sub-polarization stage by a shuffler (Φi), characterized in that the decoder comprises:
a calculator to compute a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j of the structure, wherein the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the input beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j are not in agreement and/or the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the output beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j bring instantaneous information rate to the neighbour kernels of said considered kernel Ki,j; and
a sorter to sort the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric ; | A decoder performs: computing (S501) a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j; and sorting (S502) the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j). The decoder then performs a beliefs propagation iterative process as follows: updating (S503) output beliefs for the W top kernels of the list , and propagating said output beliefs as input beliefs of the neighbour kernels of said W top kernels; updating (S504) output beliefs for each neighbour kernel of said W top kernels following update of their input beliefs, and re-computing (S505) the performance-improvement metric value (i,j) for each said neighbour kernel; setting (S505) the performance-improvement metric for said W top kernels to a null value; and re-ordering (S506) the kernels in the list1. A method for performing beliefs propagation in a scope of polar code decoding by a decoder, the polar code having a size of N bits and being based on a structure of L sub-polarization stages of N/2 parallel kernels Ki,j, wherein N and L being positive integers such that N=2L, wherein i is an index that identifies the sub-polarization stage of the kernel Ki,j and j is an index that represents the position of said kernel Ki,j among the N/2 parallel kernels at the sub-polarization stage identified by the index i, the N/2 parallel kernels at each sub-polarization stage are separated from their neighbour N/2 parallel kernels at each adjacent sub-polarization stage by a shuffler (Φi), characterized in that the decoder performs:
computing a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j of the structure, wherein the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the input beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j are not in agreement and/or the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the output beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j bring instantaneous information rate to the neighbour kernels of said considered kernel Ki,j; and
sorting the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric ; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on a difference between the sum of the information rate associated to the input beliefs of said kernel Ki,j, and the sum of the information rate associated to each input belief of said kernel Ki,j before the previous update of said kernel Ki,j. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the value (i,j)= (1)(i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on a sum rate difference between the sum of the information rate associated to input ex post beliefs of said kernel Ki,j, and the sum of the information rate associated to input ex post beliefs of said kernel Ki,j before the previous update of said kernel Ki,j, wherein ex-post belief is a sum of a-priori beliefs and extrinsic beliefs. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the value (i,j)= (2)(i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j depends on an increase of information output by the kernel Ki,j during the last update of said kernel Ki,j. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the value (i, j)= (3) (i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j further depends on an increase of information output by the kernel Ki,j during the last update of said kernel Ki,j. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value (i, j)= (1)(i,j)+ (3)(i,j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value (i,j)= (1) (i, j)· (3) (i, j) of the performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j is defined as follows 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stop condition is met when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
when a time period of predefined duration has ended since the beliefs propagation iterative process has started; when a predefined quantity of iterations has been performed in the beliefs propagation iterative process; and when the value (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric of the kernel at the top position in the list is below a predefined threshold. 12. A computer program product comprising program code instructions that can be loaded in a programmable device for implementing the method according to claim 1, when the program code instructions are run by the programmable device. 13. Non-transitory information storage medium storing a computer program comprising program code instructions that can be loaded in a programmable device for implementing the method according to claim 1, when the program code instructions are run by the programmable device. 14. A polar code decoder configured for performing beliefs propagation in a scope of polar code decoding, the polar code having a size of N bits and being based on a structure of L sub-polarization stages of N/2 parallel kernels Ki,j, wherein N and L being positive integers such that N=2L, wherein i is an index that identifies the sub-polarization stage of the kernel Ki,j and j is an index that represents the position of said kernel Ki,j among the N/2 parallel kernels at the sub-polarization stage identified by the index i, the N/2 parallel kernels at each sub-polarization stage are separated from their neighbour N/2 parallel kernels at each adjacent sub-polarization stage by a shuffler (Φi), characterized in that the decoder comprises:
a calculator to compute a value (i,j) of a performance-improvement metric for each kernel Ki,j of the structure, wherein the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the input beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j are not in agreement and/or the performance-improvement metric is representative of a magnitude in which the output beliefs of the considered kernel Ki,j bring instantaneous information rate to the neighbour kernels of said considered kernel Ki,j; and
a sorter to sort the kernels in a list in decreasing order of the values (i,j) of the performance-improvement metric ; | 1,700 |
338,773 | 16,641,846 | 1,774 | A sealing element, in particular for sealing a frame element with respect to a building component, having a sandwich structure, including: a metallic primary layer which is creped at least in certain regions to form an elongation reserve of the sealing element; a secondary layer; and a bitumen-including filling layer which is arranged between the primary layer and the secondary layer. | 1. A sealing element with sandwich structure, comprising:
a metallic primary layer which has been creped at least in some regions in order to form an elongation reserve of the sealing element, a secondary layer and a bitumen-comprising fill layer arranged between the primary layer and the secondary layer. 2. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the secondary layer
is metallic and/or has been creped at least in some regions or is an adhesive layer. 3. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the fill layer comprises a filler material. 4. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the thickness, measured in layering direction, of the primary layer and/or secondary layer is 0.02 to 0.1 mm. 5. The sealing element as claimed in claim 3, where the proportion of the filler material is 50% 80% of the fill layer. 6. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the density of the fill layer is between 1.9 and 3.5g/cm3. 7. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where, in layering direction, the fill layer is thicker than the primary layer and/or secondary layer. 8. A process for the production of a sealing element with sandwich structure comprising the steps of:
provision of a metallic primary layer and of a secondary layer, creping, at least to some extent, of the metallic primary layer, and at a time subsequent to the creping of the metallic primary layer, joining of the metallic primary layer and of the secondary layer with a fill layer to give the sandwich structure. 9. The process as claimed in claim 8, where the degree of creping established during creping of the metallic primary layer is greater than the final degree of creping of the primary layer on the finished sealing clement element. 10. The process as claimed in claim 8, where, during the joining procedure, the fill layer is laminated onto the metallic primary layer, and/or the sandwich structure is edge-crimped. | A sealing element, in particular for sealing a frame element with respect to a building component, having a sandwich structure, including: a metallic primary layer which is creped at least in certain regions to form an elongation reserve of the sealing element; a secondary layer; and a bitumen-including filling layer which is arranged between the primary layer and the secondary layer.1. A sealing element with sandwich structure, comprising:
a metallic primary layer which has been creped at least in some regions in order to form an elongation reserve of the sealing element, a secondary layer and a bitumen-comprising fill layer arranged between the primary layer and the secondary layer. 2. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the secondary layer
is metallic and/or has been creped at least in some regions or is an adhesive layer. 3. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the fill layer comprises a filler material. 4. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the thickness, measured in layering direction, of the primary layer and/or secondary layer is 0.02 to 0.1 mm. 5. The sealing element as claimed in claim 3, where the proportion of the filler material is 50% 80% of the fill layer. 6. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where the density of the fill layer is between 1.9 and 3.5g/cm3. 7. The sealing element as claimed in claim 1, where, in layering direction, the fill layer is thicker than the primary layer and/or secondary layer. 8. A process for the production of a sealing element with sandwich structure comprising the steps of:
provision of a metallic primary layer and of a secondary layer, creping, at least to some extent, of the metallic primary layer, and at a time subsequent to the creping of the metallic primary layer, joining of the metallic primary layer and of the secondary layer with a fill layer to give the sandwich structure. 9. The process as claimed in claim 8, where the degree of creping established during creping of the metallic primary layer is greater than the final degree of creping of the primary layer on the finished sealing clement element. 10. The process as claimed in claim 8, where, during the joining procedure, the fill layer is laminated onto the metallic primary layer, and/or the sandwich structure is edge-crimped. | 1,700 |
338,774 | 16,641,824 | 1,774 | A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions readable and executable by at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an atrial fibrillation (AF) detection method (100). The method includes: generating a time-frequency representation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquired over a time interval; processing the time-frequency representation using a neural network (NN) (32) to output probabilities for rhythms of a set of rhythms including at least atrial fibrillation; assigning a rhythm for the ECG signal based on the probabilities for the rhythms of the set of rhythms output by the neural network; and controlling a display device (24) to display the rhythm assigned to the ECG signal. | 1. A device for electrocardiogram signal (ECG) processing, the device comprising:
a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement device operable to obtain a time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from a patient; at least one electronic processor programmed to carry out the steps of: receiving a time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from the single-lead ECG measurement device; determining a signal quality index (SQI) of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) over a time interval; generating a time-frequency representation of the time-domain electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquired over the time interval, by converting said time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) to a two-dimensional time-frequency dataset using a sliding window; processing the time-frequency representation using a neural network to output probabilities for rhythms of a set of rhythms including at least atrial fibrillation; assigning a rhythm for the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) signal-based on the signal quality index (SQI) and probabilities for the rhythms of the set of rhythms output by the neural network wherein assigning includes assigning a noisy recording for the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) if the determined signal quality index (SQI) is below a preselected signal quality index threshold; and controlling a display device to display the rhythm or noisy recording assigned to the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG). 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the set of rhythms includes at least:
a normal sinus rhythm; atrial fibrillation; and other rhythms. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the assigning includes:
responsive to the probabilities output by the neural network for the normal sinus rhythm and the other rhythms being within a similarity threshold of each other, applying a secondary classifier to select the rhythm for assignment from between the normal sinus rhythm and the other rhythms. 4. The device of claim 1 wherein the set of rhythms includes at least:
a normal sinus rhythm;
atrial fibrillation; and
a noisy recording. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the processing includes choosing a neural network for use in the processing on the basis of a time length of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from at least two different neural networks respectively trained on sets of time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) segments of different time lengths. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the generating of the time-frequency representation of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) comprises:
generating the time-frequency representation with values of a time dimension indexing time windows of a sliding time window over the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) and with, for each indexed time window, values along a frequency dimension representing a frequency spectrum of the portion of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) the indexed time window. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the frequency spectrum of the portion of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) in the indexed time window is a spectrogram or wavelet spectrum. 8. (canceled) 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor does not perform the processing using the neural network if the determined signal quality index is below the preselected signal quality index threshold. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the convolutional neural network is a Densely Connected convolutional neural network which, for each layer of the convolutional neural network, concatenates all preceding layer feature-maps as input. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the step of:
controlling an electrocardiogram measurement device to acquire the ECG signal over a single data acquisition time period and then to stop acquisition of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG). 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the step of:
controlling an electrocardiogram measurement device to continuously acquire time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) data; wherein the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) acquired over the time interval is the segment of the continuously acquired time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) data which is acquired over the time interval. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the steps of:
performing the determining with at least one electronic processor; and assigning a rhythm of noise of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) when the signal quality index (SQI) is below a preselected SQI threshold; and when the signal quality index (SQI) is above the preselected SQI threshold, performing the generating, processing, and assigning with a cloud computing server. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by at least one electronic processor to perform the steps mentioned in claim 1. | A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions readable and executable by at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an atrial fibrillation (AF) detection method (100). The method includes: generating a time-frequency representation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquired over a time interval; processing the time-frequency representation using a neural network (NN) (32) to output probabilities for rhythms of a set of rhythms including at least atrial fibrillation; assigning a rhythm for the ECG signal based on the probabilities for the rhythms of the set of rhythms output by the neural network; and controlling a display device (24) to display the rhythm assigned to the ECG signal.1. A device for electrocardiogram signal (ECG) processing, the device comprising:
a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement device operable to obtain a time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from a patient; at least one electronic processor programmed to carry out the steps of: receiving a time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from the single-lead ECG measurement device; determining a signal quality index (SQI) of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) over a time interval; generating a time-frequency representation of the time-domain electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquired over the time interval, by converting said time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) to a two-dimensional time-frequency dataset using a sliding window; processing the time-frequency representation using a neural network to output probabilities for rhythms of a set of rhythms including at least atrial fibrillation; assigning a rhythm for the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) signal-based on the signal quality index (SQI) and probabilities for the rhythms of the set of rhythms output by the neural network wherein assigning includes assigning a noisy recording for the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) if the determined signal quality index (SQI) is below a preselected signal quality index threshold; and controlling a display device to display the rhythm or noisy recording assigned to the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG). 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the set of rhythms includes at least:
a normal sinus rhythm; atrial fibrillation; and other rhythms. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the assigning includes:
responsive to the probabilities output by the neural network for the normal sinus rhythm and the other rhythms being within a similarity threshold of each other, applying a secondary classifier to select the rhythm for assignment from between the normal sinus rhythm and the other rhythms. 4. The device of claim 1 wherein the set of rhythms includes at least:
a normal sinus rhythm;
atrial fibrillation; and
a noisy recording. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the processing includes choosing a neural network for use in the processing on the basis of a time length of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) from at least two different neural networks respectively trained on sets of time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) segments of different time lengths. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the generating of the time-frequency representation of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) comprises:
generating the time-frequency representation with values of a time dimension indexing time windows of a sliding time window over the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) and with, for each indexed time window, values along a frequency dimension representing a frequency spectrum of the portion of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) the indexed time window. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the frequency spectrum of the portion of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) in the indexed time window is a spectrogram or wavelet spectrum. 8. (canceled) 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor does not perform the processing using the neural network if the determined signal quality index is below the preselected signal quality index threshold. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the convolutional neural network is a Densely Connected convolutional neural network which, for each layer of the convolutional neural network, concatenates all preceding layer feature-maps as input. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the step of:
controlling an electrocardiogram measurement device to acquire the ECG signal over a single data acquisition time period and then to stop acquisition of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG). 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the step of:
controlling an electrocardiogram measurement device to continuously acquire time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) data; wherein the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) acquired over the time interval is the segment of the continuously acquired time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) data which is acquired over the time interval. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to carry out the steps of:
performing the determining with at least one electronic processor; and assigning a rhythm of noise of the time-domain electrocardiogram signal (ECG) when the signal quality index (SQI) is below a preselected SQI threshold; and when the signal quality index (SQI) is above the preselected SQI threshold, performing the generating, processing, and assigning with a cloud computing server. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by at least one electronic processor to perform the steps mentioned in claim 1. | 1,700 |
338,775 | 16,641,806 | 1,774 | The present invention relates to a powder made of insects, for use in the prevention or reduction of stress in fish being farmed. | 1. Beetle powder for use thereof for the prevention or reduction of stress in fish belonging to the family Salmonidae during their rearing, said stress of the fish resulting from their transfer from fresh water to seawater during said rearing. 2. Beetle powder for use thereof for the prevention or reduction of mortality in fish belonging to the family Salmonidae during their rearing, said mortality of the fish resulting from their transfer from fresh water to seawater during said rearing. 3. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, in which the fish belonging to the family Salmonidae are from the genus Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, and/or Hucho. 4. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 3, in which the fish are selected from the following species: Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Onchorynchus mykiss and Salvelinus alpinus. 5. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, comprising at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 0.1% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 6. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 5, comprising at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 5% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 7. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 5, comprising at least 71% by weight proteins and comprising between 0.1 and 2% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 8. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, obtained from the species Tenebrio molitor. 9. Method for rearing fish in which, during rearing, the fish are transferred from fresh water to salt water, and in which beetle powder is administered to the fish in the 10 days preceding and/or in the 10 days following the transfer of the fish from fresh water to salt water. | The present invention relates to a powder made of insects, for use in the prevention or reduction of stress in fish being farmed.1. Beetle powder for use thereof for the prevention or reduction of stress in fish belonging to the family Salmonidae during their rearing, said stress of the fish resulting from their transfer from fresh water to seawater during said rearing. 2. Beetle powder for use thereof for the prevention or reduction of mortality in fish belonging to the family Salmonidae during their rearing, said mortality of the fish resulting from their transfer from fresh water to seawater during said rearing. 3. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, in which the fish belonging to the family Salmonidae are from the genus Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, and/or Hucho. 4. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 3, in which the fish are selected from the following species: Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Onchorynchus mykiss and Salvelinus alpinus. 5. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, comprising at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 0.1% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 6. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 5, comprising at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 5% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 7. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 5, comprising at least 71% by weight proteins and comprising between 0.1 and 2% by weight chitin, the percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. 8. Beetle powder for use thereof according to claim 1, obtained from the species Tenebrio molitor. 9. Method for rearing fish in which, during rearing, the fish are transferred from fresh water to salt water, and in which beetle powder is administered to the fish in the 10 days preceding and/or in the 10 days following the transfer of the fish from fresh water to salt water. | 1,700 |
338,776 | 16,641,767 | 1,774 | The present disclosure provides a free-standing cosmetic stick or a liquid cosmetic. The free-standing cosmetic stick or liquid cosmetic includes a bis-carboxy silicone polymer component, one or more coloring agents, and one or more constituents for rendering the formulation into a solid stick or liquid cosmetic. | 1. A free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid comprising:
a bis-carboxy silicone polymer component; one or more coloring agents; and one or more constituents for rendering the formulation into a solid stick or cosmetic liquid. 2. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component comprises one or more polymers. 3. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 2, wherein the one or more polymers are in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component. 4. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 2, wherein the one or more polymers are substantially free of neutralization. 5. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component is disposed in a non-aqueous solution. 6. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is free of a base. 7. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 6, wherein the base is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof. 8. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component comprises one or more polymers having a structure according to Formula I: 9. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer comprises one or more polymers having a structure according to Formula II: 10. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein a concentration the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. 11. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein a concentration the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is in a range of from about 8 wt % to about 20 wt %. 12. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is bis-carboxydecyl dimethicone. 13. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 12, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick comprises: 14. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 12, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick comprises: 15. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid is chosen from lip stick or lip gloss. 16. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 4, wherein as applied to a user, the free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid is perceived as less drying and more comfortable than a corresponding free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid that includes neutralized bis-carboxy silicone polymers. 17. A method of making the free-standing cosmetic stick of claim 1, the method comprising:
preparing a formulation comprising:
the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component; and
one or more coloring agents; and
heating the formulation and forming the formulation into a stick shape to make a formed stick shape; and cooling the formed stick. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone component is added to the formulation as a non-aqueous phase. 19. A cosmetic formulation comprising: 20. A cosmetic formulation comprising: | The present disclosure provides a free-standing cosmetic stick or a liquid cosmetic. The free-standing cosmetic stick or liquid cosmetic includes a bis-carboxy silicone polymer component, one or more coloring agents, and one or more constituents for rendering the formulation into a solid stick or liquid cosmetic.1. A free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid comprising:
a bis-carboxy silicone polymer component; one or more coloring agents; and one or more constituents for rendering the formulation into a solid stick or cosmetic liquid. 2. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component comprises one or more polymers. 3. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 2, wherein the one or more polymers are in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component. 4. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 2, wherein the one or more polymers are substantially free of neutralization. 5. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component is disposed in a non-aqueous solution. 6. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is free of a base. 7. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 6, wherein the base is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof. 8. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component comprises one or more polymers having a structure according to Formula I: 9. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer comprises one or more polymers having a structure according to Formula II: 10. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein a concentration the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. 11. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein a concentration the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is in a range of from about 8 wt % to about 20 wt %. 12. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone polymer is bis-carboxydecyl dimethicone. 13. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 12, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick comprises: 14. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 12, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick comprises: 15. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 1, wherein the free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid is chosen from lip stick or lip gloss. 16. The free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid of claim 4, wherein as applied to a user, the free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid is perceived as less drying and more comfortable than a corresponding free-standing cosmetic stick or cosmetic liquid that includes neutralized bis-carboxy silicone polymers. 17. A method of making the free-standing cosmetic stick of claim 1, the method comprising:
preparing a formulation comprising:
the bis-carboxy silicone polymer component; and
one or more coloring agents; and
heating the formulation and forming the formulation into a stick shape to make a formed stick shape; and cooling the formed stick. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bis-carboxy silicone component is added to the formulation as a non-aqueous phase. 19. A cosmetic formulation comprising: 20. A cosmetic formulation comprising: | 1,700 |
338,777 | 16,641,814 | 1,774 | Disclosed are a positioning communication device, a positioning method, and a computer storage medium. The positioning communication device comprises: at least two positioning antenna groups (111), at least used for receiving a positioning signal sent by a beacon, wherein each positioning antenna group (111) comprises two positioning antennas arranged separately, and the positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups (111) are at least partially different; a selection switching module (112) respectively connected to the at least two positioning antenna groups (111); and a processing module (113), connected to the positioning antenna groups (111) by means of the selection switching module (112), and used for controlling, according to orientation information of the beacon at a previous moment, the positioning antenna group (111) turned on by the selection switching module (112), and determining, according to the positioning signal received by the positioning antenna group (111) turned on, orientation information of the beacon at the current moment. | 1. A positioning communication device, comprising:
at least two positioning antenna groups, at least configured to receive a positioning signal sent by a beacon, wherein each positioning antenna group comprises two positioning antennas disposed separately, and positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; a selection switching module, respectively connected to the at least two positioning antenna groups; and a processing module, connected to the positioning antenna groups via the selection switching module, and configured to control, according to orientation information of the beacon at a previous moment, a positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module, and determine, according to the positioning signal received by the conducted positioning antenna group, orientation information of the beacon at a current moment. 2. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
positioning ranges of the at least two positioning antenna groups are merged to form a positioning range of 360°; and positioning ranges of two adjacent positioning antenna groups are partially overlapped to form an overlapped area. 3. The positioning communication device of claim 2, wherein a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups is disposed in the overlapped area; and
the processing module is configured to determine, according to the orientation information at the previous moment, whether the beacon crosses the positioning border for a first preset angle, and control, when the beacon crosses the positioning border of the two adjacent positioning antenna groups for the first preset angle, the selection switching module to conduct the corresponding positioning antenna group. 4. The positioning communication device of claim 3, wherein
an angle of the overlapped area is a second preset angle; and the positioning border is located at a central position of the overlapped area. 5. The positioning communication device of claim 4, wherein the first preset angle is smaller than or equal to one half of the second preset angle. 6. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
N positioning antenna groups are provided, where N is a positive integer not smaller than 2; and a receiving angle of one positioning antenna group is not smaller than 360/N°. 7. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
the processing module is further configured to control the selection switching module to sequentially conduct the positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage, determine initial orientation information of the beacon according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups, and determine, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage and activate beacon positioning. 8. A positioning method, comprising:
controlling a positioning antenna group conducted by a selection switching module according to orientation information of a beacon at a previous moment, wherein positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; at least receiving, by the conducted positioning antenna group, a positioning signal sent by the beacon; and determining orientation information of the beacon at a current moment according to the positioning signal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein
the controlling a conducted positioning antenna group according to orientation information of a beacon relative to a positioning communication device at a previous moment comprises: when the beacon crosses a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups for a first preset angle, switching the positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling the selection switching module to sequentially switch the conducted positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage; determining initial orientation information of the beacon relative to the positioning communication device according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups; and determining, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage, and activating beacon positioning. 11. A non-transitory computer storage medium, storing a computer executable instruction, and the computer executable instruction being capable of implementing, after being executed, a positioning communication method, comprising:
controlling a positioning antenna group conducted by a selection switching module according to orientation information of a beacon at a previous moment, wherein positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; at least receiving, by the conducted positioning antenna group, a positioning signal sent by the beacon; and determining orientation information of the beacon at a current moment according to the positioning signal. 12. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 11, wherein
the controlling a conducted positioning antenna group according to orientation information of a beacon relative to a positioning communication device at a previous moment comprises: when the beacon crosses a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups for a first preset angle, switching the positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module. 13. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
controlling the selection switching module to sequentially switch the conducted positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage; determining initial orientation information of the beacon relative to the positioning communication device according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups; and determining, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage, and activating beacon positioning. | Disclosed are a positioning communication device, a positioning method, and a computer storage medium. The positioning communication device comprises: at least two positioning antenna groups (111), at least used for receiving a positioning signal sent by a beacon, wherein each positioning antenna group (111) comprises two positioning antennas arranged separately, and the positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups (111) are at least partially different; a selection switching module (112) respectively connected to the at least two positioning antenna groups (111); and a processing module (113), connected to the positioning antenna groups (111) by means of the selection switching module (112), and used for controlling, according to orientation information of the beacon at a previous moment, the positioning antenna group (111) turned on by the selection switching module (112), and determining, according to the positioning signal received by the positioning antenna group (111) turned on, orientation information of the beacon at the current moment.1. A positioning communication device, comprising:
at least two positioning antenna groups, at least configured to receive a positioning signal sent by a beacon, wherein each positioning antenna group comprises two positioning antennas disposed separately, and positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; a selection switching module, respectively connected to the at least two positioning antenna groups; and a processing module, connected to the positioning antenna groups via the selection switching module, and configured to control, according to orientation information of the beacon at a previous moment, a positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module, and determine, according to the positioning signal received by the conducted positioning antenna group, orientation information of the beacon at a current moment. 2. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
positioning ranges of the at least two positioning antenna groups are merged to form a positioning range of 360°; and positioning ranges of two adjacent positioning antenna groups are partially overlapped to form an overlapped area. 3. The positioning communication device of claim 2, wherein a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups is disposed in the overlapped area; and
the processing module is configured to determine, according to the orientation information at the previous moment, whether the beacon crosses the positioning border for a first preset angle, and control, when the beacon crosses the positioning border of the two adjacent positioning antenna groups for the first preset angle, the selection switching module to conduct the corresponding positioning antenna group. 4. The positioning communication device of claim 3, wherein
an angle of the overlapped area is a second preset angle; and the positioning border is located at a central position of the overlapped area. 5. The positioning communication device of claim 4, wherein the first preset angle is smaller than or equal to one half of the second preset angle. 6. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
N positioning antenna groups are provided, where N is a positive integer not smaller than 2; and a receiving angle of one positioning antenna group is not smaller than 360/N°. 7. The positioning communication device of claim 1, wherein
the processing module is further configured to control the selection switching module to sequentially conduct the positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage, determine initial orientation information of the beacon according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups, and determine, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage and activate beacon positioning. 8. A positioning method, comprising:
controlling a positioning antenna group conducted by a selection switching module according to orientation information of a beacon at a previous moment, wherein positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; at least receiving, by the conducted positioning antenna group, a positioning signal sent by the beacon; and determining orientation information of the beacon at a current moment according to the positioning signal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein
the controlling a conducted positioning antenna group according to orientation information of a beacon relative to a positioning communication device at a previous moment comprises: when the beacon crosses a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups for a first preset angle, switching the positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling the selection switching module to sequentially switch the conducted positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage; determining initial orientation information of the beacon relative to the positioning communication device according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups; and determining, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage, and activating beacon positioning. 11. A non-transitory computer storage medium, storing a computer executable instruction, and the computer executable instruction being capable of implementing, after being executed, a positioning communication method, comprising:
controlling a positioning antenna group conducted by a selection switching module according to orientation information of a beacon at a previous moment, wherein positioning ranges of different positioning antenna groups are at least partially different; at least receiving, by the conducted positioning antenna group, a positioning signal sent by the beacon; and determining orientation information of the beacon at a current moment according to the positioning signal. 12. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 11, wherein
the controlling a conducted positioning antenna group according to orientation information of a beacon relative to a positioning communication device at a previous moment comprises: when the beacon crosses a positioning border of two adjacent positioning antenna groups for a first preset angle, switching the positioning antenna group conducted by the selection switching module. 13. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
controlling the selection switching module to sequentially switch the conducted positioning antenna groups in a positioning preparatory stage; determining initial orientation information of the beacon relative to the positioning communication device according to the positioning signals provided by the positioning antenna groups; and determining, according to the initial orientation information, a first positioning antenna group to be conducted in a positioning stage, and activating beacon positioning. | 1,700 |
338,778 | 16,641,848 | 1,774 | A method for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor, in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor includes a conveying member that is driven along a feed conveying stretch, for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor includes conveying containers that are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items that are delivered by the at least one feed conveyor. The conveyed items that lie on the conveying member are accelerated relative to the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region via an acceleration device and for the purpose of delivery of the conveyed items are brought into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor. | 1. A method for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor, in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven along a feed conveying stretch, for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items which are delivered by the at least one feed conveyor, wherein:
the conveyed items that lie on the conveying member are accelerated relative to the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region via an acceleration device and, for the purpose of delivery of the conveyed items, are brought into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feed conveying stretch of the at least one feed conveyor and the transfer conveying stretch of the outgoing conveyor run parallel next to one another in the transfer region. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the transfer region, a feed conveying stretch of a feed conveyor runs along the transfer conveying stretch of the outgoing conveyor on both sides considered in the conveying direction, and conveyed items are transferred into conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor in an alternating manner from both sides 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in regular operation, every second conveying container of the outgoing conveyor is loaded from a first side and every second conveying container of the outgoing conveyor, which shifted by one is loaded with a conveyed item from a second side. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor are conveyed through the transfer region in a manner in which they are uniformly spaced from one another. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises conveying contains, which lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner and in which the conveyed items are conveyed into the transfer region. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein given the presence of a conveying container of a feed conveyor, which is not ready for transfer and from which no conveyed item can or is to be transferred, conveying containers, which in the conveying direction are subsequent to the conveying container, which is not ready for transfer are repositioned to the front in the conveying direction by one conveying container position of the outgoing container on both feed conveying stretches by way of the acceleration device. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein given the presence of a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor, which is not ready for transfer and into which no conveyed item can be transferred, the conveying container of a feed conveyor, which forms a transfer pairing with the conveying container, which is not ready for transfer, as well as conveying containers of the feed conveyors, which on both feed conveying stretches are subsequent to this conveying container in the conveying direction, considered in the conveying direction are repositioned back by one conveying container position of the outgoing conveyor by way of the acceleration device. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying member of the at least one feed conveyor forms a sheet-like main surface, which faces the conveyed item and defines the conveying stretch and the conveying member, comprises at least one conveying element, which forms at least a part of the main surface. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the conveying member comprises rollers which via a roller holder are mounted in a rotatable manner about roller pivots on the at least one conveying element, wherein the rollers project at least partly beyond the main surface of the conveying element, so that the conveying containers of the at least one feed conveyor lie on the rollers. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers in a drive position are driven along the feed conveying stretch via the acceleration device for accelerating the conveyed items or the conveying containers relative to the conveying member. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying member comprises rollers, which via a roller holder are rotatably mounted about roller pivots on the at least one conveying element and which can selectively assume the state of a freewheel position, an arrested position or a drive position, wherein the rollers project at least partly beyond the main surface of the conveying element, so that the conveying containers lie on the rollers. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the roller holder and the rollers are part of a roller mechanism, wherein the different states of the rollers are caused by active elements which act upon the roller mechanism. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers are each movable between at least two spatially different positions by way of active elements, in which positions the rollers assume different states from the group of states comprising the arrested position, the freewheel position and the drive position. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the rollers are each movable with a movement component perpendicular to the main surface between at least two positions by way of the active elements. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers are rotatably mounted in the roller holder about a physical roller pivot. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying containers of the at least one feed conveyor with the conveyed items are buffered along an accumulation stretch upstream of the transfer region considered in the conveying direction and are released individually out of the accumulation stretch towards the transfer region via a release device. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the acceleration device comprises a roll guide, and the rollers roll along the roll guide in the feed conveying stretch. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the conveying containers along the feed conveying stretch and via the rollers are brought to a speed which differs from the conveying speed of the conveying member. 20. The method according to claim 10, wherein the roll guide comprises a roll element, which is actively drivable counter to the conveying direction via a drive that interacts with a control device, on which roll guide the rollers roll. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor in the transfer region comprises a transfer device with an inclining mechanism, by way of which conveying containers of the feed conveyor during their conveying along the feed conveying stretch are inclined to the side considered in the conveying direction for the purpose of delivery of conveyed items onto the conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the inclining mechanism lifts the conveying containers at least partly from the conveying member. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the inclining mechanism comprises a conveying drive, by way of which the conveying containers are conveyed along the inclining mechanism in the conveying direction independently of the conveying member. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the transfer device comprises a diverter, which interacts with a control device and via which the conveying containers are selectively fed to the inclining mechanism or are conveyed further on the conveying member. 25. An appliance for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven along a feed conveying stretch for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over conveyed items, which are delivered from the at least one feed conveyor,
wherein: the appliance comprises an acceleration device, which is designed to accelerate conveyed items which that lie on the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region, relative to the conveying member and to bring them into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor. 26. The appliance according to claim 25, wherein the conveying containers lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner. 27. The appliance according to claim 25, wherein the at least one feed conveyor in the transfer region comprises a transfer device with an inclining mechanism, by way of which conveying containers of the feed conveyor during their conveying along the feed conveying stretch and considered in the conveying direction are inclinable to the side onto the conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor. 28. The appliance according to claim 27, wherein the inclining mechanism is designed to at least partly lift the conveying containers from the conveying member. 29. The appliance according to claim 27, wherein the inclining mechanism comprises a conveying drive by way of which the conveying containers can be conveyed along the inclining mechanism in the conveying direction independently of the conveying member. 30. A conveying system with at least one feed conveyor and with an outgoing conveyor, which form a transfer region, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven in a conveying direction along a feed conveying stretch for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items, which are delivered from the at least one feed conveyor,
wherein
the at least one feed conveyor comprises an acceleration device for accelerating conveyed items that lie on the conveying member, relative to the conveying speed of the conveying member, along the feed conveying stretch in the transfer region. 31. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises conveying containers, which lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner. 32. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor upstream of the transfer region in the conveying direction forms an accumulation stretch for buffering conveyed items or conveying containers. 33. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor is a supply conveyor for supplying conveyed items onto an outgoing conveyor. 34. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the outgoing conveyor is a sorter. | A method for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor, in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor includes a conveying member that is driven along a feed conveying stretch, for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor includes conveying containers that are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items that are delivered by the at least one feed conveyor. The conveyed items that lie on the conveying member are accelerated relative to the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region via an acceleration device and for the purpose of delivery of the conveyed items are brought into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor.1. A method for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor, in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven along a feed conveying stretch, for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items which are delivered by the at least one feed conveyor, wherein:
the conveyed items that lie on the conveying member are accelerated relative to the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region via an acceleration device and, for the purpose of delivery of the conveyed items, are brought into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feed conveying stretch of the at least one feed conveyor and the transfer conveying stretch of the outgoing conveyor run parallel next to one another in the transfer region. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the transfer region, a feed conveying stretch of a feed conveyor runs along the transfer conveying stretch of the outgoing conveyor on both sides considered in the conveying direction, and conveyed items are transferred into conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor in an alternating manner from both sides 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in regular operation, every second conveying container of the outgoing conveyor is loaded from a first side and every second conveying container of the outgoing conveyor, which shifted by one is loaded with a conveyed item from a second side. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor are conveyed through the transfer region in a manner in which they are uniformly spaced from one another. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises conveying contains, which lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner and in which the conveyed items are conveyed into the transfer region. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein given the presence of a conveying container of a feed conveyor, which is not ready for transfer and from which no conveyed item can or is to be transferred, conveying containers, which in the conveying direction are subsequent to the conveying container, which is not ready for transfer are repositioned to the front in the conveying direction by one conveying container position of the outgoing container on both feed conveying stretches by way of the acceleration device. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein given the presence of a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor, which is not ready for transfer and into which no conveyed item can be transferred, the conveying container of a feed conveyor, which forms a transfer pairing with the conveying container, which is not ready for transfer, as well as conveying containers of the feed conveyors, which on both feed conveying stretches are subsequent to this conveying container in the conveying direction, considered in the conveying direction are repositioned back by one conveying container position of the outgoing conveyor by way of the acceleration device. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying member of the at least one feed conveyor forms a sheet-like main surface, which faces the conveyed item and defines the conveying stretch and the conveying member, comprises at least one conveying element, which forms at least a part of the main surface. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the conveying member comprises rollers which via a roller holder are mounted in a rotatable manner about roller pivots on the at least one conveying element, wherein the rollers project at least partly beyond the main surface of the conveying element, so that the conveying containers of the at least one feed conveyor lie on the rollers. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers in a drive position are driven along the feed conveying stretch via the acceleration device for accelerating the conveyed items or the conveying containers relative to the conveying member. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying member comprises rollers, which via a roller holder are rotatably mounted about roller pivots on the at least one conveying element and which can selectively assume the state of a freewheel position, an arrested position or a drive position, wherein the rollers project at least partly beyond the main surface of the conveying element, so that the conveying containers lie on the rollers. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the roller holder and the rollers are part of a roller mechanism, wherein the different states of the rollers are caused by active elements which act upon the roller mechanism. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers are each movable between at least two spatially different positions by way of active elements, in which positions the rollers assume different states from the group of states comprising the arrested position, the freewheel position and the drive position. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the rollers are each movable with a movement component perpendicular to the main surface between at least two positions by way of the active elements. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rollers are rotatably mounted in the roller holder about a physical roller pivot. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying containers of the at least one feed conveyor with the conveyed items are buffered along an accumulation stretch upstream of the transfer region considered in the conveying direction and are released individually out of the accumulation stretch towards the transfer region via a release device. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the acceleration device comprises a roll guide, and the rollers roll along the roll guide in the feed conveying stretch. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the conveying containers along the feed conveying stretch and via the rollers are brought to a speed which differs from the conveying speed of the conveying member. 20. The method according to claim 10, wherein the roll guide comprises a roll element, which is actively drivable counter to the conveying direction via a drive that interacts with a control device, on which roll guide the rollers roll. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor in the transfer region comprises a transfer device with an inclining mechanism, by way of which conveying containers of the feed conveyor during their conveying along the feed conveying stretch are inclined to the side considered in the conveying direction for the purpose of delivery of conveyed items onto the conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the inclining mechanism lifts the conveying containers at least partly from the conveying member. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the inclining mechanism comprises a conveying drive, by way of which the conveying containers are conveyed along the inclining mechanism in the conveying direction independently of the conveying member. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the transfer device comprises a diverter, which interacts with a control device and via which the conveying containers are selectively fed to the inclining mechanism or are conveyed further on the conveying member. 25. An appliance for transferring conveyed items from at least one feed conveyor onto an outgoing conveyor in a transfer region, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven along a feed conveying stretch for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over conveyed items, which are delivered from the at least one feed conveyor,
wherein: the appliance comprises an acceleration device, which is designed to accelerate conveyed items which that lie on the conveying member along the feed conveying stretch towards the transfer region, relative to the conveying member and to bring them into a cyclically synchronous side-by-side conveying with a conveying container of the outgoing conveyor. 26. The appliance according to claim 25, wherein the conveying containers lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner. 27. The appliance according to claim 25, wherein the at least one feed conveyor in the transfer region comprises a transfer device with an inclining mechanism, by way of which conveying containers of the feed conveyor during their conveying along the feed conveying stretch and considered in the conveying direction are inclinable to the side onto the conveying containers of the outgoing conveyor. 28. The appliance according to claim 27, wherein the inclining mechanism is designed to at least partly lift the conveying containers from the conveying member. 29. The appliance according to claim 27, wherein the inclining mechanism comprises a conveying drive by way of which the conveying containers can be conveyed along the inclining mechanism in the conveying direction independently of the conveying member. 30. A conveying system with at least one feed conveyor and with an outgoing conveyor, which form a transfer region, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises a conveying member, which is driven in a conveying direction along a feed conveying stretch for conveying conveyed items into the transfer region, and the outgoing conveyor comprises conveying containers, which are movable along a transfer conveying stretch for taking over the conveyed items, which are delivered from the at least one feed conveyor,
wherein
the at least one feed conveyor comprises an acceleration device for accelerating conveyed items that lie on the conveying member, relative to the conveying speed of the conveying member, along the feed conveying stretch in the transfer region. 31. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor comprises conveying containers, which lie on the conveying member in a connection-free manner. 32. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor upstream of the transfer region in the conveying direction forms an accumulation stretch for buffering conveyed items or conveying containers. 33. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the at least one feed conveyor is a supply conveyor for supplying conveyed items onto an outgoing conveyor. 34. The conveying system according to claim 30, wherein the outgoing conveyor is a sorter. | 1,700 |
338,779 | 16,641,803 | 1,774 | Provided is a laser device in which: a laser medium doped with ytterbium emits light upon absorption of excitation light; the light emitted by the laser medium is amplified to obtain output light; and the output light is outputted in the form of a plurality of pulses. In the laser device, a spatial filter is disposed in the optical path of the light emitted by the laser medium or is disposed in the optical path of the output light outputted from an optical resonator, the spatial filter being configured to filter out a portion of the light or of the output light around the optical axis. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A laser device comprising an optical resonator that includes a saturable absorber and a laser medium that is arranged to emit light upon absorption of excitation light, the laser medium being arranged to emit the light upon an input of the excitation light, which is pulsed light, into the optical resonator, the optical resonator being arranged to amplify the light emitted by the laser medium to obtain laser light and output the laser light as output light,
the laser medium being doped with ytterbium (Yb), a pulse width of the excitation light, a cavity length of the optical resonator, and the saturable absorber being set such that the excitation light is single-pulsed light and that the output light is composed of a plurality of pulses, the laser device comprising a spatial filter that is disposed in an optical path of the light inside the optical resonator or that is disposed in an optical path of the output light outside the optical resonator, the spatial filter being configured to filter out a portion of the light or of the output light around an optical axis so as to bring a transverse oscillation mode close to single mode. 12. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the laser medium is a medium obtained by doping yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) with ytterbium (Yb). 13. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein an output pulse width of the output light is not less than 4 ns. 14. The laser device according to claim 12, wherein an output pulse width of the output light is not less than 4 ns. 15. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the spatial filter includes: an optical system that is configured to cause light to converge; and a diaphragm that is configured to filter out a portion of the light around the optical axis at a beam waist of the light. 16. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the saturable absorber is doped with chromium (Cr). 17. The laser device according to claim 16, wherein the saturable absorber is a saturable absorber obtained by doping yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) with chromium (Cr). 18. The laser device according to claim 17, wherein the laser medium and the saturable absorber are integral with each other. 19. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the laser device is for use as a source of pump light for optical parametric oscillation. 20. A light source comprising:
a laser device as set forth in claim 11; an optical parametric oscillator that includes a non-linear crystal which is configured to wavelength-convert laser light outputted by the laser device; and an optical system that is configured to output the laser light which has been wavelength-converted by the optical parametric oscillator. 21. A measurement apparatus comprising:
a light source as set forth in claim 20; and a light detector that is configured to detect light that has been outputted by the light source and reflected at a to-be-measured object or that is configured to detect light that has been outputted by the light source and passed through the to-be-measured object. | Provided is a laser device in which: a laser medium doped with ytterbium emits light upon absorption of excitation light; the light emitted by the laser medium is amplified to obtain output light; and the output light is outputted in the form of a plurality of pulses. In the laser device, a spatial filter is disposed in the optical path of the light emitted by the laser medium or is disposed in the optical path of the output light outputted from an optical resonator, the spatial filter being configured to filter out a portion of the light or of the output light around the optical axis.1-10. (canceled) 11. A laser device comprising an optical resonator that includes a saturable absorber and a laser medium that is arranged to emit light upon absorption of excitation light, the laser medium being arranged to emit the light upon an input of the excitation light, which is pulsed light, into the optical resonator, the optical resonator being arranged to amplify the light emitted by the laser medium to obtain laser light and output the laser light as output light,
the laser medium being doped with ytterbium (Yb), a pulse width of the excitation light, a cavity length of the optical resonator, and the saturable absorber being set such that the excitation light is single-pulsed light and that the output light is composed of a plurality of pulses, the laser device comprising a spatial filter that is disposed in an optical path of the light inside the optical resonator or that is disposed in an optical path of the output light outside the optical resonator, the spatial filter being configured to filter out a portion of the light or of the output light around an optical axis so as to bring a transverse oscillation mode close to single mode. 12. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the laser medium is a medium obtained by doping yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) with ytterbium (Yb). 13. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein an output pulse width of the output light is not less than 4 ns. 14. The laser device according to claim 12, wherein an output pulse width of the output light is not less than 4 ns. 15. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the spatial filter includes: an optical system that is configured to cause light to converge; and a diaphragm that is configured to filter out a portion of the light around the optical axis at a beam waist of the light. 16. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the saturable absorber is doped with chromium (Cr). 17. The laser device according to claim 16, wherein the saturable absorber is a saturable absorber obtained by doping yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) with chromium (Cr). 18. The laser device according to claim 17, wherein the laser medium and the saturable absorber are integral with each other. 19. The laser device according to claim 11, wherein the laser device is for use as a source of pump light for optical parametric oscillation. 20. A light source comprising:
a laser device as set forth in claim 11; an optical parametric oscillator that includes a non-linear crystal which is configured to wavelength-convert laser light outputted by the laser device; and an optical system that is configured to output the laser light which has been wavelength-converted by the optical parametric oscillator. 21. A measurement apparatus comprising:
a light source as set forth in claim 20; and a light detector that is configured to detect light that has been outputted by the light source and reflected at a to-be-measured object or that is configured to detect light that has been outputted by the light source and passed through the to-be-measured object. | 1,700 |
338,780 | 16,641,819 | 1,774 | Compositions comprising an antigen, a carbohydrate, and a metabolizable oil, methods of administering such compositions to a subject, methods of making such compounds, and related compositions, methods, and uses. | 1. A composition comprising:
a carbohydrate, and a metabolizable oil, wherein
(i) the composition further comprises a tumor-associated antigen, and
(ii) the carbohydrate comprises a polysaccharide and the composition comprises a mixture of at least two polysaccharides. 2-4. (canceled) 5. The composition of claim 1,
wherein said composition is capable of inducing an antigen-specific T cell immune response comprising both a type-1 and a type-17 proinflammatory T cell response when said composition is administered to a subject. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate binds to a pattern recognition receptor. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the pattern recognition receptor is TLR2 or dectin-1. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a mixture of at least three polysaccharides. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of at least two polysaccharides comprise polysaccharides selected from chitin, dextran, glucan, lentanan, mannan, and combinations thereof. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of at least two polysaccharides comprises a glucan. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the glucan is a β-glucan. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the β-glucan is a 1-3 β-glucan. 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the mixture of at least three polysaccharides comprises a mixture of chitins, glucans, and mannans. 14. The composition of claim 11, wherein at least 50% of the carbohydrates in the composition are β-glucans. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises zymosan. 16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolizable oil comprises a purified oil, a biodegradable oil, or a pharmaceutical oil. 17-23. (canceled) 24. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the surfactant comprises mannide monooleate, isomannide monooleate, or a combination thereof. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the surfactant comprises mannide monooleate. 27-29. (canceled) 30. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition is a water-in-oil emulsion. 31. (canceled) 32. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tumor-associated antigen is a retired self-antigen. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the tumor-associated antigen comprises an α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprising at least 8 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 5. 34. (canceled) 35. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of antigen to carbohydrates in the composition is from about 10:1 to about 1:10 (w/w). 36. (canceled) 37. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 38. (canceled) 39. A method of treating or preventing cancer in a human subject comprising a step of administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 1. 40-71. (canceled) 72. A water-in oil emulsion comprising an α-lactalbumin polypeptide, zymosan, and mannide monooleate, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide and zymosan are present in the formulation at a ratio of between about 1:5 (w/w) and 5:1) (w/w). 73. The composition of claim 72, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 74-75. (canceled) 76. A method of making a composition of claim 30, comprising a step of mixing an aqueous solution comprising the antigen with an emulsion comprising the at least two carbohydrates and the metabolizable oil. 77-79. (canceled) | Compositions comprising an antigen, a carbohydrate, and a metabolizable oil, methods of administering such compositions to a subject, methods of making such compounds, and related compositions, methods, and uses.1. A composition comprising:
a carbohydrate, and a metabolizable oil, wherein
(i) the composition further comprises a tumor-associated antigen, and
(ii) the carbohydrate comprises a polysaccharide and the composition comprises a mixture of at least two polysaccharides. 2-4. (canceled) 5. The composition of claim 1,
wherein said composition is capable of inducing an antigen-specific T cell immune response comprising both a type-1 and a type-17 proinflammatory T cell response when said composition is administered to a subject. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate binds to a pattern recognition receptor. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the pattern recognition receptor is TLR2 or dectin-1. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a mixture of at least three polysaccharides. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of at least two polysaccharides comprise polysaccharides selected from chitin, dextran, glucan, lentanan, mannan, and combinations thereof. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of at least two polysaccharides comprises a glucan. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the glucan is a β-glucan. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the β-glucan is a 1-3 β-glucan. 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the mixture of at least three polysaccharides comprises a mixture of chitins, glucans, and mannans. 14. The composition of claim 11, wherein at least 50% of the carbohydrates in the composition are β-glucans. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises zymosan. 16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolizable oil comprises a purified oil, a biodegradable oil, or a pharmaceutical oil. 17-23. (canceled) 24. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the surfactant comprises mannide monooleate, isomannide monooleate, or a combination thereof. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the surfactant comprises mannide monooleate. 27-29. (canceled) 30. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition is a water-in-oil emulsion. 31. (canceled) 32. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tumor-associated antigen is a retired self-antigen. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the tumor-associated antigen comprises an α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprising at least 8 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 5. 34. (canceled) 35. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of antigen to carbohydrates in the composition is from about 10:1 to about 1:10 (w/w). 36. (canceled) 37. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 38. (canceled) 39. A method of treating or preventing cancer in a human subject comprising a step of administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 1. 40-71. (canceled) 72. A water-in oil emulsion comprising an α-lactalbumin polypeptide, zymosan, and mannide monooleate, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide and zymosan are present in the formulation at a ratio of between about 1:5 (w/w) and 5:1) (w/w). 73. The composition of claim 72, wherein the α-lactalbumin polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 74-75. (canceled) 76. A method of making a composition of claim 30, comprising a step of mixing an aqueous solution comprising the antigen with an emulsion comprising the at least two carbohydrates and the metabolizable oil. 77-79. (canceled) | 1,700 |
338,781 | 16,641,826 | 1,774 | An energy storage device is provided with a case including a lid body in which a gas release valve is formed. The gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve. The thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions that are arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction. As viewed from a normal direction to the lid body, the intermediate portion is disposed at the middle position in the first direction of the lid body and is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than those of the two lateral portions. | 1. An energy storage device comprising a case that includes a wall in which a gas release valve is formed,
wherein the gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve, the thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions that are arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction, and as viewed from a normal direction to the wall, the intermediate portion is disposed at a middle position in the first direction of the wall and is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than widths of the two lateral portions. 2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in the thin wall, and the groove has a plurality of branch points, each of which branches into a plurality of grooves. 3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of branch points are provided in the intermediate portion. 4. The energy storage device according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of branch points are disposed within a linear groove. 5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions, and in the lateral portion in which the groove is formed, a first part on an inner side of the lateral portion with respect to the groove is formed to have higher rigidity than a second part on an outer side of the lateral portion with respect to the groove. 6. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions, and the groove is formed discontinuously on an opposite side to the intermediate portion. 7. An energy storage device comprising a case that includes a wall in which a gas release valve is formed,
wherein the gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve, the thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction, the intermediate portion is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than widths of the two lateral portions as viewed from a normal direction to the wall, a groove is formed in the thin wall, and the groove has a plurality of branch points, each of which branches into a plurality of grooves. 8. An energy storage apparatus comprising a plurality of energy storage devices that include at least one of the energy storage devices according to claim 1. 9. The energy storage apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions provided in the energy storage device, and the groove is formed discontinuously on a side in a direction intersecting the direction in which the plurality of energy storage devices are aligned. | An energy storage device is provided with a case including a lid body in which a gas release valve is formed. The gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve. The thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions that are arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction. As viewed from a normal direction to the lid body, the intermediate portion is disposed at the middle position in the first direction of the lid body and is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than those of the two lateral portions.1. An energy storage device comprising a case that includes a wall in which a gas release valve is formed,
wherein the gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve, the thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions that are arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction, and as viewed from a normal direction to the wall, the intermediate portion is disposed at a middle position in the first direction of the wall and is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than widths of the two lateral portions. 2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in the thin wall, and the groove has a plurality of branch points, each of which branches into a plurality of grooves. 3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of branch points are provided in the intermediate portion. 4. The energy storage device according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of branch points are disposed within a linear groove. 5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions, and in the lateral portion in which the groove is formed, a first part on an inner side of the lateral portion with respect to the groove is formed to have higher rigidity than a second part on an outer side of the lateral portion with respect to the groove. 6. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions, and the groove is formed discontinuously on an opposite side to the intermediate portion. 7. An energy storage device comprising a case that includes a wall in which a gas release valve is formed,
wherein the gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve, the thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction, the intermediate portion is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than widths of the two lateral portions as viewed from a normal direction to the wall, a groove is formed in the thin wall, and the groove has a plurality of branch points, each of which branches into a plurality of grooves. 8. An energy storage apparatus comprising a plurality of energy storage devices that include at least one of the energy storage devices according to claim 1. 9. The energy storage apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
a groove is formed in at least one of the two lateral portions provided in the energy storage device, and the groove is formed discontinuously on a side in a direction intersecting the direction in which the plurality of energy storage devices are aligned. | 1,700 |
338,782 | 16,641,821 | 2,612 | An arithmetic device and an electronic device having small power consumption is provided. An arithmetic device and an electronic device capable of high-speed operation is provided. An arithmetic device and an electronic device capable of suppressing heat generation is provided. The arithmetic device includes a first arithmetic portion and a second arithmetic portion. The first arithmetic portion includes a first CPU core and a second CPU core. The second arithmetic portion includes a first GPU core and a second GPU core. The CPU cores each have a power gating function and each include a first data retention circuit electrically connected to a flip-flop. The first GPU core includes a second data retention circuit capable of retaining an analog value and reading out the analog value as digital data of two or more bits. The second GPU core includes a third data retention circuit capable of retaining a digital value and reading out the digital value as digital data of one bit. The first to third data retention circuits each include a transistor including an oxide semiconductor and a capacitor. | 1. An arithmetic device comprising:
a first arithmetic portion; and a second arithmetic portion, wherein the first arithmetic portion comprises a first CPU core and a second CPU core, wherein the second arithmetic portion comprises a first GPU core and a second GPU core, wherein the first CPU core and the second CPU core are each configured to perform power gating, wherein the first CPU core and the second CPU core each comprise a first data retention circuit electrically connected to a flip-flop, wherein the first GPU core comprises a second data retention circuit capable of retaining an analog value and reading out the analog value as digital data of two or more bits, wherein the second GPU core comprises a third data retention circuit capable of retaining a digital value and reading out the digital value as digital data of one bit, wherein the first to third data retention circuits each comprise a first transistor and a capacitor, wherein the first transistor is electrically connected to the capacitor, and wherein a channel formation region of the first transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1,
wherein each of the second data retention circuit and the third data retention circuit further comprises a second transistor, and wherein a potential corresponding to the analog value or the digital value is retained in a node at which one of a source and a drain of the first transistor, one electrode of the capacitor, and a gate of the second transistor are electrically connected to one another. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein switching of either one of the first CPU core and the second CPU core to a state of executing arithmetic processing and switching of the other to a state of performing power gating are performed, and the switching is controlled in response to a temperature of a region provided with the first CPU core or the second CPU core. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein switching of either one of the first GPU core and the second GPU core to a state of executing arithmetic processing and switching of the other to a state of performing power gating are performed, and the switching is controlled in response to whether the arithmetic processing is arithmetic processing on the basis of scientific computation or arithmetic processing on the basis of inference using a neutral network. 5. An electronic device comprising the arithmetic device according to claim 1. | An arithmetic device and an electronic device having small power consumption is provided. An arithmetic device and an electronic device capable of high-speed operation is provided. An arithmetic device and an electronic device capable of suppressing heat generation is provided. The arithmetic device includes a first arithmetic portion and a second arithmetic portion. The first arithmetic portion includes a first CPU core and a second CPU core. The second arithmetic portion includes a first GPU core and a second GPU core. The CPU cores each have a power gating function and each include a first data retention circuit electrically connected to a flip-flop. The first GPU core includes a second data retention circuit capable of retaining an analog value and reading out the analog value as digital data of two or more bits. The second GPU core includes a third data retention circuit capable of retaining a digital value and reading out the digital value as digital data of one bit. The first to third data retention circuits each include a transistor including an oxide semiconductor and a capacitor.1. An arithmetic device comprising:
a first arithmetic portion; and a second arithmetic portion, wherein the first arithmetic portion comprises a first CPU core and a second CPU core, wherein the second arithmetic portion comprises a first GPU core and a second GPU core, wherein the first CPU core and the second CPU core are each configured to perform power gating, wherein the first CPU core and the second CPU core each comprise a first data retention circuit electrically connected to a flip-flop, wherein the first GPU core comprises a second data retention circuit capable of retaining an analog value and reading out the analog value as digital data of two or more bits, wherein the second GPU core comprises a third data retention circuit capable of retaining a digital value and reading out the digital value as digital data of one bit, wherein the first to third data retention circuits each comprise a first transistor and a capacitor, wherein the first transistor is electrically connected to the capacitor, and wherein a channel formation region of the first transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1,
wherein each of the second data retention circuit and the third data retention circuit further comprises a second transistor, and wherein a potential corresponding to the analog value or the digital value is retained in a node at which one of a source and a drain of the first transistor, one electrode of the capacitor, and a gate of the second transistor are electrically connected to one another. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein switching of either one of the first CPU core and the second CPU core to a state of executing arithmetic processing and switching of the other to a state of performing power gating are performed, and the switching is controlled in response to a temperature of a region provided with the first CPU core or the second CPU core. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein switching of either one of the first GPU core and the second GPU core to a state of executing arithmetic processing and switching of the other to a state of performing power gating are performed, and the switching is controlled in response to whether the arithmetic processing is arithmetic processing on the basis of scientific computation or arithmetic processing on the basis of inference using a neutral network. 5. An electronic device comprising the arithmetic device according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
338,783 | 16,641,815 | 2,612 | A vehicle door hinge that has a desorption function while enabling weight reduction and increasing production efficiency. The vehicle door hinge comprises a base member (2U) fixed to the door-side of the vehicle, a base member (3U) fixed to the vehicle body side; a hinge shaft (4U) rotatably connects the base members (2U, 3U) to each other; a screwed body (5U) that is detachably screwed in the axial direction to the hinge shaft (4U) so that the base member (3U) and the hinge shaft (4U) rotate integrally; bushes (6U, 7U) fitted into a shaft holes (22U) of the base member (2U) so that the base member (2U) and the hinge shaft can rotate relative to each other; and a retaining portion (8U) for preventing the hinge shaft (4U) from coming off from the shaft hole (22U) of the base member. The base members (2U, 3U) are cast from aluminum alloy. | 1. In a manufacturing method of a vehicle door hinge which supports a door to a vehicle body in a state openable and closable, the vehicle door hinge comprises:
a door-side base member having a mounting hole into which a bolt for fixing to the door is inserted, and an axial hole extending in a direction perpendicular to the mounting hole; a vehicle body-side base member having a mounting hole into which a bolt for fixing to the vehicle body is inserted, and an axial hole extending in a direction perpendicular to the mounting hole, a hinge shaft that is inserted into a shaft hole of the door-side base member and a shaft hole of the vehicle body-side base member, respectively, and connects the door-side base member and the vehicle body-side base member that can be rotatable with respect to each other; a screwed body that is detachably screwed to one end of the hinge shaft in an axial direction so that the base member on either one of the door-side or the vehicle body-side and the hinge shaft rotate together; a bush interposed between the shaft hole of the other base member and the other end portion of the hinge shaft so that the other of the base member on the door side or the vehicle body side and the hinge shaft rotate relative to each other, and a retaining portion for preventing the other end portion of the hinge shaft from coming off from the shaft hole of the other base member in the axial direction, wherein all parts of the at least one base member of the door-side or the vehicle body-side and the vehicle body-side base member is manufactured by casting using an aluminum alloy as a material. 2. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the one base member is arranged such that a central axis direction of the shaft hole is perpendicular to a split surface of a fixed metal mold and a movable metal mold of a casting metal mold, and parallel to the movable direction of the movable metal mold. 3. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 2, wherein the mounting hole of the one base member is formed by a slide core provided in the casting metal mold. 4. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the screwed body has a conical portion that comes into contact with one tapered portion provided at one inlet of the shaft hole of the one base member,
wherein the hinge shaft has an enlarged diameter conical portion that comes into contact with the other tapered portion provided at the other entrance opposite to the one entrance of the shaft hole of the one base member, wherein the conical angle of the conical portion of the screwed body is smaller than the taper angle of the one tapered portion, and wherein the conical angle of the enlarged diameter conical portion of the hinge shaft is larger than the conical angle of the conical portion of the screwed body and smaller than the taper angle of the other tapered portion. 5. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein electrodeposition coating is applied to the surface of the one base member. 6. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle door hinge includes an upper door hinge that supports the upper part of the door, and a lower door hinge that supports the lower part of the door,
wherein the upper door hinge is configured such that the screwed body is detachably screwed to one end of the hinge shaft from below, and wherein the lower door hinge is configured such that the screwed body is detachably screwed onto one end of the hinge shaft from above. 7. A vehicle provided with left and right front doors and left and right rear doors, comprising:
a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the left rear door on a vehicle body; and a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the right rear door on the vehicle body, wherein the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the left rear door, and the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the right rear door have a left-right line symmetric structure, respectively, wherein the lower door hinge for the left rear door and the lower door hinge for the left front door have the same structure, wherein the upper door hinge of the left rear door and the upper door hinge of the left front door have the same structure, wherein the lower door hinge of the right rear door and the lower door hinge of the right front door have the same structure, and wherein the upper door hinge for the right rear door and the upper door hinge for the right front door have the same structure. 8. A vehicle provided with left and right front doors and left and right rear doors, comprising:
a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the left rear door on a vehicle body; and a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the right rear door on the vehicle body, wherein the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the left rear door, and the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the right rear door have a left-right line symmetric structure, respectively, wherein the upper door hinge of the right front door has a structure in which the lower door hinge of the left rear door is rotated by 180°, wherein the lower door hinge for the right front door is a structure obtained by rotating the upper door hinge for the left rear door by 180°, wherein the upper door hinge of the left front door has a structure in which the lower door hinge of the right rear door is rotated by 180°, wherein the lower door hinge of the left front door has a structure in which the upper door hinge of the right rear door is rotated 180°. | A vehicle door hinge that has a desorption function while enabling weight reduction and increasing production efficiency. The vehicle door hinge comprises a base member (2U) fixed to the door-side of the vehicle, a base member (3U) fixed to the vehicle body side; a hinge shaft (4U) rotatably connects the base members (2U, 3U) to each other; a screwed body (5U) that is detachably screwed in the axial direction to the hinge shaft (4U) so that the base member (3U) and the hinge shaft (4U) rotate integrally; bushes (6U, 7U) fitted into a shaft holes (22U) of the base member (2U) so that the base member (2U) and the hinge shaft can rotate relative to each other; and a retaining portion (8U) for preventing the hinge shaft (4U) from coming off from the shaft hole (22U) of the base member. The base members (2U, 3U) are cast from aluminum alloy.1. In a manufacturing method of a vehicle door hinge which supports a door to a vehicle body in a state openable and closable, the vehicle door hinge comprises:
a door-side base member having a mounting hole into which a bolt for fixing to the door is inserted, and an axial hole extending in a direction perpendicular to the mounting hole; a vehicle body-side base member having a mounting hole into which a bolt for fixing to the vehicle body is inserted, and an axial hole extending in a direction perpendicular to the mounting hole, a hinge shaft that is inserted into a shaft hole of the door-side base member and a shaft hole of the vehicle body-side base member, respectively, and connects the door-side base member and the vehicle body-side base member that can be rotatable with respect to each other; a screwed body that is detachably screwed to one end of the hinge shaft in an axial direction so that the base member on either one of the door-side or the vehicle body-side and the hinge shaft rotate together; a bush interposed between the shaft hole of the other base member and the other end portion of the hinge shaft so that the other of the base member on the door side or the vehicle body side and the hinge shaft rotate relative to each other, and a retaining portion for preventing the other end portion of the hinge shaft from coming off from the shaft hole of the other base member in the axial direction, wherein all parts of the at least one base member of the door-side or the vehicle body-side and the vehicle body-side base member is manufactured by casting using an aluminum alloy as a material. 2. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the one base member is arranged such that a central axis direction of the shaft hole is perpendicular to a split surface of a fixed metal mold and a movable metal mold of a casting metal mold, and parallel to the movable direction of the movable metal mold. 3. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 2, wherein the mounting hole of the one base member is formed by a slide core provided in the casting metal mold. 4. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the screwed body has a conical portion that comes into contact with one tapered portion provided at one inlet of the shaft hole of the one base member,
wherein the hinge shaft has an enlarged diameter conical portion that comes into contact with the other tapered portion provided at the other entrance opposite to the one entrance of the shaft hole of the one base member, wherein the conical angle of the conical portion of the screwed body is smaller than the taper angle of the one tapered portion, and wherein the conical angle of the enlarged diameter conical portion of the hinge shaft is larger than the conical angle of the conical portion of the screwed body and smaller than the taper angle of the other tapered portion. 5. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein electrodeposition coating is applied to the surface of the one base member. 6. The manufacturing method of the vehicle door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle door hinge includes an upper door hinge that supports the upper part of the door, and a lower door hinge that supports the lower part of the door,
wherein the upper door hinge is configured such that the screwed body is detachably screwed to one end of the hinge shaft from below, and wherein the lower door hinge is configured such that the screwed body is detachably screwed onto one end of the hinge shaft from above. 7. A vehicle provided with left and right front doors and left and right rear doors, comprising:
a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the left rear door on a vehicle body; and a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the right rear door on the vehicle body, wherein the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the left rear door, and the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the right rear door have a left-right line symmetric structure, respectively, wherein the lower door hinge for the left rear door and the lower door hinge for the left front door have the same structure, wherein the upper door hinge of the left rear door and the upper door hinge of the left front door have the same structure, wherein the lower door hinge of the right rear door and the lower door hinge of the right front door have the same structure, and wherein the upper door hinge for the right rear door and the upper door hinge for the right front door have the same structure. 8. A vehicle provided with left and right front doors and left and right rear doors, comprising:
a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the left rear door on a vehicle body; and a lower door hinge and an upper door hinge according to claim 6 for supporting the right rear door on the vehicle body, wherein the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the left rear door, and the lower door hinge and the upper door hinge of the right rear door have a left-right line symmetric structure, respectively, wherein the upper door hinge of the right front door has a structure in which the lower door hinge of the left rear door is rotated by 180°, wherein the lower door hinge for the right front door is a structure obtained by rotating the upper door hinge for the left rear door by 180°, wherein the upper door hinge of the left front door has a structure in which the lower door hinge of the right rear door is rotated by 180°, wherein the lower door hinge of the left front door has a structure in which the upper door hinge of the right rear door is rotated 180°. | 2,600 |
338,784 | 16,641,838 | 2,612 | Laminated glass having an opaque frame area is obtained by laminating at least one film A containing polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally at least one plasticiser WA and at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and at least one plasticiser WB between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination | 1.-14. (canceled) 15. A laminated glass produced by laminating at least one film A containing a polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally one or more plasticisers WA, with at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and one or more plasticisers WB, between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination:
the amount of plasticiser WA in film A is less than 22% by weight the amount of plasticiser WB in film B is at least 22% by weight and film A comprises on at least one surface, a non-transparent region. 16. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is located on film A in a band having a width of 0.5 to 20 cm from at least one edge of the laminated glass. 17. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is provided by pigments or dyes selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide and spinel pigments. 18. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is provided to all edge regions of the laminated glass in shape of a frame. 19. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises 0-20 ppm alkali metal ions. 20. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises 0-20 ppm alkaline earth metal ions. 21. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the ratio of alkali ions to alkaline earth metal ions in ppm in film A is at least 1. 22. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises a polyvinyl acetal PA with a proportion of vinyl alcohol groups from 6 to 26% by weight 23. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film B comprises a polyvinyl acetal B with a proportion of vinyl alcohol groups from 14 to 26% by weight. 24. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the film B has a wedge-shaped thickness profile. 25. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein at least one of the glass sheets has a thickness of less than 1.8 mm. 26. A method for producing a laminated glass of claim 15, comprising: providing the film A on at least on one surface thereof with a non-transparent region, positioning the film A on a first glass sheet, covering the film A by at least one film B, and covering an outermost film B by a second glass sheet, and laminating at temperatures over 100° C. 27. The method for producing a laminated glass of claim 26, wherein the non-transparent region is provided by coating a suspension of pigments or dyes selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide, spinel pigments, and mixtures thereof in a carrier liquid on the surface of film A. 28. The method for producing a laminated glass of claim 26, wherein the non-transparent region is fixed on the surface of film A by subjecting the coated film to a temperature which is at least 3° C. below the Tg of film A. | Laminated glass having an opaque frame area is obtained by laminating at least one film A containing polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally at least one plasticiser WA and at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and at least one plasticiser WB between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination1.-14. (canceled) 15. A laminated glass produced by laminating at least one film A containing a polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally one or more plasticisers WA, with at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and one or more plasticisers WB, between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination:
the amount of plasticiser WA in film A is less than 22% by weight the amount of plasticiser WB in film B is at least 22% by weight and film A comprises on at least one surface, a non-transparent region. 16. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is located on film A in a band having a width of 0.5 to 20 cm from at least one edge of the laminated glass. 17. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is provided by pigments or dyes selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide and spinel pigments. 18. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the non-transparent region is provided to all edge regions of the laminated glass in shape of a frame. 19. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises 0-20 ppm alkali metal ions. 20. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises 0-20 ppm alkaline earth metal ions. 21. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the ratio of alkali ions to alkaline earth metal ions in ppm in film A is at least 1. 22. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film A comprises a polyvinyl acetal PA with a proportion of vinyl alcohol groups from 6 to 26% by weight 23. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein film B comprises a polyvinyl acetal B with a proportion of vinyl alcohol groups from 14 to 26% by weight. 24. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein the film B has a wedge-shaped thickness profile. 25. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein at least one of the glass sheets has a thickness of less than 1.8 mm. 26. A method for producing a laminated glass of claim 15, comprising: providing the film A on at least on one surface thereof with a non-transparent region, positioning the film A on a first glass sheet, covering the film A by at least one film B, and covering an outermost film B by a second glass sheet, and laminating at temperatures over 100° C. 27. The method for producing a laminated glass of claim 26, wherein the non-transparent region is provided by coating a suspension of pigments or dyes selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide, spinel pigments, and mixtures thereof in a carrier liquid on the surface of film A. 28. The method for producing a laminated glass of claim 26, wherein the non-transparent region is fixed on the surface of film A by subjecting the coated film to a temperature which is at least 3° C. below the Tg of film A. | 2,600 |
338,785 | 16,641,822 | 2,612 | Process registrations of users in mobile payment services by receiving information to register a user for the mobile payment service. The information including a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by a provider also offering a mobile payment service, and at least one other data item of the user of another type. Identifying a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item. Comparing the received information with the information in the identified user profile. Registering the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile. | 1. A computer-implemented method to process registrations of users in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices of the mobile payment service, information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising:
a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and
at least one other data item of the user of another type;
identifying, by the one or more computing devices, a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item; comparing, by the one or more computing devices, the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and registering, by the one or more computing devices, the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
denying, by the one or more computing devices, registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the comparison not indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, in response to denying registration:
querying, by the one or more computing devices, at least one third-party database using the first data item; receiving, by the one or more computing devices, query results in response to querying the at least one third-party database using the first data item; comparing, by the one or more computing devices, the at least received other data item with the received query results; and registering, by the one or more computing devices, the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
denying, by the one or more computing devices, registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the second comparison not indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile comprises a match across each of a plurality of other data item types. 9. A computer program product, comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable storage device having computer-executable program instructions embodied thereon that when executed by a computer cause the computer to process a registration of a user in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, the computer-executable program instructions comprising:
computer-executable program instructions to receive information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising: a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and at least one other data item of the user of another type;
computer-executable program instructions to identify a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item;
computer-executable program instructions to compare the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and
computer-executable program instructions to register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 13. The computer program product of any one of claim 9, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to: deny registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the comparison not indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to: further comprising, in response to denying registration:
in response to denying registration, query at least one third-party database using the first data item; receive query results in response to querying the at least one third-party database using the first data item; compare the at least one received other data item with the received query results; and register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to:
deny registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the second comparison not indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile comprises a match across each of a plurality of other data item types. 17. A system to process a registration of a user in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, comprising:
a storage device; and a processor communicatively coupled to the storage device, wherein the processor executes application code instructions that are stored in the storage device to cause the system to:
receive information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising: a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and at least one other data item of the user of another type;
identify a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item;
compare the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and
register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 21. (canceled) | Process registrations of users in mobile payment services by receiving information to register a user for the mobile payment service. The information including a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by a provider also offering a mobile payment service, and at least one other data item of the user of another type. Identifying a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item. Comparing the received information with the information in the identified user profile. Registering the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile.1. A computer-implemented method to process registrations of users in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices of the mobile payment service, information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising:
a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and
at least one other data item of the user of another type;
identifying, by the one or more computing devices, a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item; comparing, by the one or more computing devices, the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and registering, by the one or more computing devices, the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
denying, by the one or more computing devices, registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the comparison not indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, in response to denying registration:
querying, by the one or more computing devices, at least one third-party database using the first data item; receiving, by the one or more computing devices, query results in response to querying the at least one third-party database using the first data item; comparing, by the one or more computing devices, the at least received other data item with the received query results; and registering, by the one or more computing devices, the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
denying, by the one or more computing devices, registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the second comparison not indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile comprises a match across each of a plurality of other data item types. 9. A computer program product, comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable storage device having computer-executable program instructions embodied thereon that when executed by a computer cause the computer to process a registration of a user in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, the computer-executable program instructions comprising:
computer-executable program instructions to receive information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising: a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and at least one other data item of the user of another type;
computer-executable program instructions to identify a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item;
computer-executable program instructions to compare the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and
computer-executable program instructions to register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 13. The computer program product of any one of claim 9, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to: deny registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the comparison not indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to: further comprising, in response to denying registration:
in response to denying registration, query at least one third-party database using the first data item; receive query results in response to querying the at least one third-party database using the first data item; compare the at least one received other data item with the received query results; and register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between the at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable program instructions further comprise instructions to:
deny registration in the mobile payment service for the user in response to the second comparison not indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the query results. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified profile comprises a match across each of a plurality of other data item types. 17. A system to process a registration of a user in a mobile payment service being one of a plurality of services supported by a service provider, comprising:
a storage device; and a processor communicatively coupled to the storage device, wherein the processor executes application code instructions that are stored in the storage device to cause the system to:
receive information to register a user for the mobile payment service, the information comprising: a first data item of the user of a first type common to profiles used in at least one other electronic service offered by the provider, and at least one other data item of the user of another type;
identify a user profile associated with at least one electronic service offered by the provider, other than the mobile payment service, that includes the first data item;
compare the at least one received other data item with information in the identified user profile; and
register the user in the mobile payment service in response to the comparison indicating a match between at least one received other data item and a data item of the other type in the information in the identified user profile. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first data item is received from a mobile communications device of the user and/or comprises a unique identifier for a mobile communications device of the user. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first data item is one of: a phone number of a mobile communications device of the user, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) identifier of a mobile communications device of the user. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first data item is received from the mobile communications device of the user automatically upon requesting registration, and without separate entry by the user. 21. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,786 | 16,641,868 | 2,612 | The present invention relates to an applicator for applying a cosmetic, makeup or care, product to the eyelashes and/or eyebrows, having an applicator member including a core that extends along a longitudinal axis (X), and, carried by the core, longitudinal rows of islets of spikes that are separated by areas free of spikes, wherein, in said applicator, the islets of spikes include a series of spikes in the longitudinal direction and a series of spikes in the circumferential direction. | 1. An applicator for applying a cosmetic, makeup or care, product to the eyelashes and/or eyebrows, having an applicator member comprising:
a core that extends along a longitudinal axis, and, carried by the core, longitudinal rows of islets of spikes that are separated by areas free of spikes, 2. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one longitudinal row of islets is offset axially with respect to the adjacent longitudinal row such that the centre of at least one islet of spikes in the offset row is situated halfway along the length of an area free of spikes between two islets of spikes in the adjacent row of islets, better still each longitudinal row of islets of spikes is offset axially with respect to the adjacent longitudinal row such that the centre (15 a) of each islet (15, 16) of spikes of the core (10) is situated halfway along the length (Sg) of an area tree of spikes (14) between two islets (15, 16) of spikes in the adjacent rows. 3. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the spikesof one islet, within the series of spikes in the longitudinal direction and circumferential direction, is the same for each islet, notably being more than ten times less than the spacing between two consecutive islets of spikes within a longitudinal row of islets. 4. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one islet of spikes, better still all the islets of spikes, comprise a number of spikes in the circumferential direction that increases in the longitudinal direction from the proximal end of the core, passing through a maximum, before decreasing in the direction of the distal end of the core, the maximum of the number of spikes being situated notably at the centre of the islet. 5. Tire applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the spikes at the periphery of an islet define a diamond-shaped external contour. 6. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the islets of spikes of the same rank of one longitudinal row of islets out of two occupy the same axial position along the longitudinal axis of the core. 7. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the consecutive islets of spikes is constant within at least one longitudinal row of spikes, better still within each longitudinal row, notably being between 1 mm and 3 mm, better still between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. 8. The applicator according to e claim 1, wherein the areas free of spikes form at least one helical strip that does not have spikes, extends through more than half a revolution about the longitudinal axis of the core and is delimited by the islets of spikes, the areas free of spikes notably forming at least two intersecting helical strips that do not have spikes and are delimited by the islets of spikes. 9. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the implantation of spikes within the islets of spikes is such that the angular offset about the longitudinal axis of the core between two successive spikes in the longitudinal direction is non-zero, preferably being equal to half the angular pitch between two successive spikes in the circumferential direction. 10. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal rows of spikes are offset axially such that, starting from the proximal end of the core in the direction of its distal end, the last spike of an islet of spikes in one longitudinal row of islets occupies the same axial position as the first spike of an islet in the adjacent row. 11. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal rows of islets are offset axially such that, in the circumferential direction, the last spike of an islet of spikes in one longitudinal row of islets occupies the same longitudinal position as the first spike of an islet in the adjacent row. 12. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the axial offset between one longitudinal row of islets of spikes and the adjacent longitudinal row is less than or equal to the length of an islet of spikes in said adjacent row. 13. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the islets of spikes have the same number of spikes. 14. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spikes of at least one islet are the same shape, better still all the spikes in a longitudinal row are the same shape, even better still all the spikes of the applicator member, the spikes preferably having a hexagonal cross section. 15. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one longitudinal row of islets has an isolated spike at the distal end of the core, better still every other longitudinal row of islets. 16. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein, within one longitudinal row of islets, the height of the spikes increases from the proximal end of the core, passing through a maximum, before decreasing in the direction of the distal end of the core, the maximum height notably being situated halfway along the length of the core. 17. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the spikes are the same height in the circumferential direction, in each position on the longitudinal axis of the core. 18. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spikes are moulded together with the core, notably from the same material. 19. A device for packaging and applying a product to the eyelashes and or eyebrows, having an applicator according to claim 1 and a container containing the product to be applied. | The present invention relates to an applicator for applying a cosmetic, makeup or care, product to the eyelashes and/or eyebrows, having an applicator member including a core that extends along a longitudinal axis (X), and, carried by the core, longitudinal rows of islets of spikes that are separated by areas free of spikes, wherein, in said applicator, the islets of spikes include a series of spikes in the longitudinal direction and a series of spikes in the circumferential direction.1. An applicator for applying a cosmetic, makeup or care, product to the eyelashes and/or eyebrows, having an applicator member comprising:
a core that extends along a longitudinal axis, and, carried by the core, longitudinal rows of islets of spikes that are separated by areas free of spikes, 2. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one longitudinal row of islets is offset axially with respect to the adjacent longitudinal row such that the centre of at least one islet of spikes in the offset row is situated halfway along the length of an area free of spikes between two islets of spikes in the adjacent row of islets, better still each longitudinal row of islets of spikes is offset axially with respect to the adjacent longitudinal row such that the centre (15 a) of each islet (15, 16) of spikes of the core (10) is situated halfway along the length (Sg) of an area tree of spikes (14) between two islets (15, 16) of spikes in the adjacent rows. 3. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the spikesof one islet, within the series of spikes in the longitudinal direction and circumferential direction, is the same for each islet, notably being more than ten times less than the spacing between two consecutive islets of spikes within a longitudinal row of islets. 4. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one islet of spikes, better still all the islets of spikes, comprise a number of spikes in the circumferential direction that increases in the longitudinal direction from the proximal end of the core, passing through a maximum, before decreasing in the direction of the distal end of the core, the maximum of the number of spikes being situated notably at the centre of the islet. 5. Tire applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the spikes at the periphery of an islet define a diamond-shaped external contour. 6. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the islets of spikes of the same rank of one longitudinal row of islets out of two occupy the same axial position along the longitudinal axis of the core. 7. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the consecutive islets of spikes is constant within at least one longitudinal row of spikes, better still within each longitudinal row, notably being between 1 mm and 3 mm, better still between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. 8. The applicator according to e claim 1, wherein the areas free of spikes form at least one helical strip that does not have spikes, extends through more than half a revolution about the longitudinal axis of the core and is delimited by the islets of spikes, the areas free of spikes notably forming at least two intersecting helical strips that do not have spikes and are delimited by the islets of spikes. 9. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the implantation of spikes within the islets of spikes is such that the angular offset about the longitudinal axis of the core between two successive spikes in the longitudinal direction is non-zero, preferably being equal to half the angular pitch between two successive spikes in the circumferential direction. 10. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal rows of spikes are offset axially such that, starting from the proximal end of the core in the direction of its distal end, the last spike of an islet of spikes in one longitudinal row of islets occupies the same axial position as the first spike of an islet in the adjacent row. 11. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal rows of islets are offset axially such that, in the circumferential direction, the last spike of an islet of spikes in one longitudinal row of islets occupies the same longitudinal position as the first spike of an islet in the adjacent row. 12. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the axial offset between one longitudinal row of islets of spikes and the adjacent longitudinal row is less than or equal to the length of an islet of spikes in said adjacent row. 13. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the islets of spikes have the same number of spikes. 14. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spikes of at least one islet are the same shape, better still all the spikes in a longitudinal row are the same shape, even better still all the spikes of the applicator member, the spikes preferably having a hexagonal cross section. 15. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one longitudinal row of islets has an isolated spike at the distal end of the core, better still every other longitudinal row of islets. 16. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein, within one longitudinal row of islets, the height of the spikes increases from the proximal end of the core, passing through a maximum, before decreasing in the direction of the distal end of the core, the maximum height notably being situated halfway along the length of the core. 17. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein all the spikes are the same height in the circumferential direction, in each position on the longitudinal axis of the core. 18. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the spikes are moulded together with the core, notably from the same material. 19. A device for packaging and applying a product to the eyelashes and or eyebrows, having an applicator according to claim 1 and a container containing the product to be applied. | 2,600 |
338,787 | 16,641,859 | 2,612 | A motor vehicle lock for a movable vehicle part, in particular for a door, flap, tailgate, or bonnet, said lock having a lock housing and a rotary latch that is movably provided on the lock housing, and the rotary latch being movable into an open position and at least one engaged position. In addition, at least on buffer unit is provided on the lock housing and at least on braking element is located on the buffer unit, such that at least some portions of the braking element can be brought into contact with the rotary latch, at least while the rotary latch is moving into the open position. | 1. A motor vehicle lock for a movable vehicle part, said lock comprising:
a lock housing, a lock plate, a rotary latch that is movably provided on the lock housing and/or the lock plate, the rotary latch being movable into an open position and at least one engaged position, and at least one buffer unit that is provided on the lock housing and includes at least one braking element being located on the buffer unit, wherein at least some portions of the braking element can be brought into contact with the rotary latch, at least while the rotary latch is moving into the open position. 2. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the buffer unit has a buffer pocket and the braking element is located in the buffer pocket. 3. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 2, wherein the buffer pocket is formed as a material clearance in the buffer unit. 4. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element comprises a plastics material. 5. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is formed in a single piece with, and materially integrally with, the buffer unit. 6. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element has a braking contour that is substantially hemispherical. 7. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element can be brought into contact with a ratchet arm of the rotary latch. 8. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 7, wherein a braking face is formed on a longitudinal face of the ratchet arm, the braking face being formed geometrically larger than a surface area of the braking element that can be brought into contact with the braking face. 9. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1 further comprising plurality of braking elements provided on the buffer unit, wherein the braking elements are located parallel and/or in succession on the buffer unit. 10. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is resilient at least in portions. 11. A method for reducing an opening noise of a rotary latch of a door lock, sliding door lock, tailgate lock and/or bonnet lock of a vehicle using the motor vehicle lock of claim 1, the method comprising:
exerting a braking torque on the rotary latch via a braking element; and reducing an opening speed of the rotary latch at least during an opening movement of the rotary latch. 12. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 2, wherein the braking element is located in the buffer pocket in a positive fit. 13. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 3, wherein the material clearance is formed as a slot. 14. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 4, wherein the plastic material is an elastomer. 15. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 6, wherein the braking contour has a radius that between approximately 1 mm and approximately 5 mm. 16. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 15, wherein the radius is between approximately 2 mm and approximately 3 mm. 17. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is wedge-shaped. 18. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the buffer unit extends transversely to an entry slot of the rotary latch. 19. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 8, wherein the rotary latch and the braking element have continuous contact with each other along the braking face. 20. The motor vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the braking contour protrudes from a surface of the braking element in an axial direction relative to a rotational axis of the rotary latch. | A motor vehicle lock for a movable vehicle part, in particular for a door, flap, tailgate, or bonnet, said lock having a lock housing and a rotary latch that is movably provided on the lock housing, and the rotary latch being movable into an open position and at least one engaged position. In addition, at least on buffer unit is provided on the lock housing and at least on braking element is located on the buffer unit, such that at least some portions of the braking element can be brought into contact with the rotary latch, at least while the rotary latch is moving into the open position.1. A motor vehicle lock for a movable vehicle part, said lock comprising:
a lock housing, a lock plate, a rotary latch that is movably provided on the lock housing and/or the lock plate, the rotary latch being movable into an open position and at least one engaged position, and at least one buffer unit that is provided on the lock housing and includes at least one braking element being located on the buffer unit, wherein at least some portions of the braking element can be brought into contact with the rotary latch, at least while the rotary latch is moving into the open position. 2. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the buffer unit has a buffer pocket and the braking element is located in the buffer pocket. 3. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 2, wherein the buffer pocket is formed as a material clearance in the buffer unit. 4. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element comprises a plastics material. 5. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is formed in a single piece with, and materially integrally with, the buffer unit. 6. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element has a braking contour that is substantially hemispherical. 7. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element can be brought into contact with a ratchet arm of the rotary latch. 8. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 7, wherein a braking face is formed on a longitudinal face of the ratchet arm, the braking face being formed geometrically larger than a surface area of the braking element that can be brought into contact with the braking face. 9. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1 further comprising plurality of braking elements provided on the buffer unit, wherein the braking elements are located parallel and/or in succession on the buffer unit. 10. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is resilient at least in portions. 11. A method for reducing an opening noise of a rotary latch of a door lock, sliding door lock, tailgate lock and/or bonnet lock of a vehicle using the motor vehicle lock of claim 1, the method comprising:
exerting a braking torque on the rotary latch via a braking element; and reducing an opening speed of the rotary latch at least during an opening movement of the rotary latch. 12. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 2, wherein the braking element is located in the buffer pocket in a positive fit. 13. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 3, wherein the material clearance is formed as a slot. 14. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 4, wherein the plastic material is an elastomer. 15. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 6, wherein the braking contour has a radius that between approximately 1 mm and approximately 5 mm. 16. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 15, wherein the radius is between approximately 2 mm and approximately 3 mm. 17. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the braking element is wedge-shaped. 18. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 1, wherein the buffer unit extends transversely to an entry slot of the rotary latch. 19. The motor vehicle lock according to claim 8, wherein the rotary latch and the braking element have continuous contact with each other along the braking face. 20. The motor vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the braking contour protrudes from a surface of the braking element in an axial direction relative to a rotational axis of the rotary latch. | 2,600 |
338,788 | 16,641,845 | 2,612 | An optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): | 1. An optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): 2. The optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, wherein in the formula of the general formula (1), R1 is a tert-butyl group, and R2 is a group selected from a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group and an adamantyl group. 3. The optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, wherein in the formula of the general formula (1), R1 is an adamantyl group or a phenyl group, and R2 is a group selected from a tert-butyl group, a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group, and an adamantyl group. 4. A method for producing the optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, comprising allowing a deprotonation product of a phosphine-borane represented by the following general formula (3): 5. A method for producing an optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1′): 6. A transition metal complex comprising the optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1 as a ligand. 7. The transition metal complex according to claim 6, being a copper metal complex. 8. An asymmetric catalyst comprising the transition metal complex according to claim 6. 9. The asymmetric catalyst according to claim 8, wherein the transition metal complex is a copper metal complex. 10. The asymmetric catalyst according to claim 9, for use in a hydroboration reaction. 11. A method for producing an organoboron compound, comprising subjecting an alkene compound represented by the following general formula (6): | An optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1):1. An optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): 2. The optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, wherein in the formula of the general formula (1), R1 is a tert-butyl group, and R2 is a group selected from a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group and an adamantyl group. 3. The optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, wherein in the formula of the general formula (1), R1 is an adamantyl group or a phenyl group, and R2 is a group selected from a tert-butyl group, a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group, and an adamantyl group. 4. A method for producing the optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1, comprising allowing a deprotonation product of a phosphine-borane represented by the following general formula (3): 5. A method for producing an optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1′): 6. A transition metal complex comprising the optically active 2,3-bisphosphinopyrazine derivative according to claim 1 as a ligand. 7. The transition metal complex according to claim 6, being a copper metal complex. 8. An asymmetric catalyst comprising the transition metal complex according to claim 6. 9. The asymmetric catalyst according to claim 8, wherein the transition metal complex is a copper metal complex. 10. The asymmetric catalyst according to claim 9, for use in a hydroboration reaction. 11. A method for producing an organoboron compound, comprising subjecting an alkene compound represented by the following general formula (6): | 2,600 |
338,789 | 16,641,858 | 2,612 | A display device is provided. A support component is provided in the display device, and the support component is provided in a bent part of the display device. The support component is configured to support the display device. When the display device is subjected to an external force, a bending space and a bending area can maintain shapes because of an existence of the support component. This improves issues of circuit breakage in the bending area of the display device and improves reliability of the display device. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a back plate comprising a first back plate and a second back plate; a display panel comprising a first non-bending area and a second non-bending area, wherein the first non-bending area is defined above the first back plate, and the second non-bending area is defined above the second back plate, a bending area is defined between the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area, and a bending space is defined among the bending area, the first back plate, and the second back plate; an organic film layer disposed above the back plate, wherein the organic film layer connects the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area, a surface of the organic film layer close to the back plate is provided with at least one groove, and the organic film layer is in a bent state; and a support component disposed in the bending space, wherein the support component is provided with at least one convex part, the at least one convex part is arranged corresponding to the at least one groove on the organic film layer in number, shape, and position, the at least one convex part is meshed with the at least one groove, and the support component is configured to support the bending space. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a thermosetting adhesive layer configured to protect the bending area, wherein the thermosetting adhesive layer is disposed above the organic film layer. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein material of the support component comprises a thermosetting adhesive, a photosensitive adhesive, or a silicone. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is less than a thickness of the organic film layer. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is one third of the thickness of the organic film layer. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the at least one groove comprises a spur gear, a circular arc, or a trapezoid. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one convex part is plural, and the at least one convex part is arranged corresponding to the at least one groove on the organic film layer in number, shape, and position. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the support component is a special-shaped stiffener. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein material of the special-shaped stiffener comprises metal, rubber, or plastic. 10. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a stiffener disposed between the first back plate and the second back plate, wherein the stiffener is configured to connect the first back plate and the second back plate. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the organic film layer is a polyimide film layer. 12. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
providing a back plate, wherein the back plate comprises a first back plate and a second back plate; providing a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a first non-bending area and a second non-bending area, the first non-bending area is defined above the first back plate, the second non-bending area is defined above the second back plate, and a bending area is defined between the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area; forming an organic film layer above the back plate, wherein the organic film layer connects the first back plate and the second back plate, a surface of the organic film layer close to the back plate is provided with at least one groove, and the organic film layer is in a bent state; and forming a support component in the bending area configured to support a bending space, wherein the support component is provided with at least one convex part, and the at least one convex part matches the at least one groove on the organic film layer. 13. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
coating a thermosetting material on a side of the bending area close to the back plate; bending the bending area of the coated thermosetting material in a direction close to the back plate; and heating the bending area after the bending is completed, such that the thermosetting material is solidified to form the support component configured to support the bending area. 14. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 13, wherein the thermosetting material is a thermosetting adhesive. 15. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
before bending the display panel, arranging the support component on a side of the display panel close to the organic film layer in advance; and bending the display panel and filling the support component in the bending space. 16. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
providing a support member, wherein the support member comprises the support component and an introduction member disposed at another end of the support component; introducing the support component into the bending space through the introduction member; and peeling the introduction member from the support member and retaining the support component filled in the bending space. 17. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 16, wherein the introduction member has a convex semi-cylindrical shape. 18. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein the organic film layer is a polyimide film layer. 19. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 17, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is less than a thickness of the organic film layer. 20. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein a shape of the at least one groove comprises a spur gear, a circular arc, or a trapezoid. | A display device is provided. A support component is provided in the display device, and the support component is provided in a bent part of the display device. The support component is configured to support the display device. When the display device is subjected to an external force, a bending space and a bending area can maintain shapes because of an existence of the support component. This improves issues of circuit breakage in the bending area of the display device and improves reliability of the display device.1. A display device, comprising:
a back plate comprising a first back plate and a second back plate; a display panel comprising a first non-bending area and a second non-bending area, wherein the first non-bending area is defined above the first back plate, and the second non-bending area is defined above the second back plate, a bending area is defined between the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area, and a bending space is defined among the bending area, the first back plate, and the second back plate; an organic film layer disposed above the back plate, wherein the organic film layer connects the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area, a surface of the organic film layer close to the back plate is provided with at least one groove, and the organic film layer is in a bent state; and a support component disposed in the bending space, wherein the support component is provided with at least one convex part, the at least one convex part is arranged corresponding to the at least one groove on the organic film layer in number, shape, and position, the at least one convex part is meshed with the at least one groove, and the support component is configured to support the bending space. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a thermosetting adhesive layer configured to protect the bending area, wherein the thermosetting adhesive layer is disposed above the organic film layer. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein material of the support component comprises a thermosetting adhesive, a photosensitive adhesive, or a silicone. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is less than a thickness of the organic film layer. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is one third of the thickness of the organic film layer. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the at least one groove comprises a spur gear, a circular arc, or a trapezoid. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one convex part is plural, and the at least one convex part is arranged corresponding to the at least one groove on the organic film layer in number, shape, and position. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the support component is a special-shaped stiffener. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein material of the special-shaped stiffener comprises metal, rubber, or plastic. 10. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a stiffener disposed between the first back plate and the second back plate, wherein the stiffener is configured to connect the first back plate and the second back plate. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the organic film layer is a polyimide film layer. 12. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
providing a back plate, wherein the back plate comprises a first back plate and a second back plate; providing a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a first non-bending area and a second non-bending area, the first non-bending area is defined above the first back plate, the second non-bending area is defined above the second back plate, and a bending area is defined between the first non-bending area and the second non-bending area; forming an organic film layer above the back plate, wherein the organic film layer connects the first back plate and the second back plate, a surface of the organic film layer close to the back plate is provided with at least one groove, and the organic film layer is in a bent state; and forming a support component in the bending area configured to support a bending space, wherein the support component is provided with at least one convex part, and the at least one convex part matches the at least one groove on the organic film layer. 13. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
coating a thermosetting material on a side of the bending area close to the back plate; bending the bending area of the coated thermosetting material in a direction close to the back plate; and heating the bending area after the bending is completed, such that the thermosetting material is solidified to form the support component configured to support the bending area. 14. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 13, wherein the thermosetting material is a thermosetting adhesive. 15. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
before bending the display panel, arranging the support component on a side of the display panel close to the organic film layer in advance; and bending the display panel and filling the support component in the bending space. 16. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein forming the support component in the bending area configured to support the bending space comprises:
providing a support member, wherein the support member comprises the support component and an introduction member disposed at another end of the support component; introducing the support component into the bending space through the introduction member; and peeling the introduction member from the support member and retaining the support component filled in the bending space. 17. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 16, wherein the introduction member has a convex semi-cylindrical shape. 18. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein the organic film layer is a polyimide film layer. 19. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 17, wherein a depth of the at least one groove is less than a thickness of the organic film layer. 20. The method of manufacturing the display device according to claim 12, wherein a shape of the at least one groove comprises a spur gear, a circular arc, or a trapezoid. | 2,600 |
338,790 | 16,641,860 | 2,612 | A device for detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece includes an elongate shank for positioning in a longitudinal borehole of the workpiece and a fillet to avoid the elongate shank colliding with a drill for drilling the transverse borehole. In an example embodiment, the device has an aperture to further avoid the elongate shank colliding with the drill. In an example embodiment, the elongate shank has a cutting section with a cutting edge for detaching the burr from the opening of the transverse borehole. | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. A device for detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece, comprising:
an elongate shank for positioning in a longitudinal borehole of the workpiece; and a fillet to avoid the elongate shank colliding with a drill for drilling the transverse borehole. 12. The device of claim 11, further comprising an aperture to further avoid the elongate shank colliding with the drill. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the elongate shank comprises a cutting section having a cutting edge for detaching the burr from the opening of the transverse borehole. 14. The device of claim 11, comprising a cooling arrangement for cooling the elongate shank, the cooling arrangement comprising a cooling channel for passing a coolant through the elongate shank and for introducing the coolant into the longitudinal borehole of the workpiece, thus enabling the burr to be carried away out of the longitudinal borehole by the coolant. 15. A drilling station comprising:
a drill; a workpiece; and the device of claim 11. 16. A drilling station comprising:
a drill; a workpiece; and the device of claim 12. 17. The drilling station of claim 16, wherein:
the workpiece comprises the longitudinal borehole; the elongate shank of the device is arranged in the longitudinal borehole; the workpiece is rotatable about the elongate shank from a first rotational position (R) into a second rotational position; a first transverse borehole can be introduced into the workpiece by the drill in the first rotational position (R); a second transverse borehole can be introduced into the workpiece by the drill in the second rotational position; and the elongate shank is positioned in the longitudinal borehole such that the fillet or the aperture permits collision-free drilling of the first transverse borehole or the second transverse borehole by the drill. 18. The drilling station of claim 17, wherein:
the fillet or the aperture comprises an entrance directed to a point at which the first transverse borehole or the second transverse borehole is to be introduced; or the fillet or the aperture is arranged to be congruent or overlapping with the point in a plan view of the point. 19. A method comprising detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece using the drilling station of claim 15. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
wherein the elongate shank of the device is introduced into the longitudinal borehole of the workpiece; and the drill drills the transverse borehole while the elongate shank is arranged in the longitudinal borehole. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the workpiece is rotated about the elongate shank of the device from a first rotational position (R) into a second rotational position; and the burr is detached from the opening by the device during or simultaneously when the workpiece is rotated. 22. A method for removing a burr comprising:
providing a tool with an elongate shank, the elongate shank comprising a cutting section comprising a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge; providing a workpiece with a longitudinal borehole; inserting the tool into the longitudinal borehole; drilling a first transverse borehole in the workpiece using a first drill; and rotating the workpiece or the tool to remove a burr created during the drilling. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein:
the tool comprises a fillet extending longitudinally along the elongate shank through the cutting section; and
the drill comprises a tip extending towards the fillet during the drilling. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein
the tool comprises an aperture; and
the tip extends into the aperture during the drilling. 25. The method of claim 22 wherein the tool further comprises a grip and the step of inserting the tool into the longitudinal borehole is performed by a human holding the grip. 26. The method of claim 22, further comprising drilling a second transverse borehole in the workpiece using a second drill prior to the step of rotating the workpiece or the tool. 27. The method of claim 22, further comprising drilling a second transverse borehole in the workpiece using the first drill after the step of rotating the workpiece or the tool. | A device for detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece includes an elongate shank for positioning in a longitudinal borehole of the workpiece and a fillet to avoid the elongate shank colliding with a drill for drilling the transverse borehole. In an example embodiment, the device has an aperture to further avoid the elongate shank colliding with the drill. In an example embodiment, the elongate shank has a cutting section with a cutting edge for detaching the burr from the opening of the transverse borehole.1.-10. (canceled) 11. A device for detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece, comprising:
an elongate shank for positioning in a longitudinal borehole of the workpiece; and a fillet to avoid the elongate shank colliding with a drill for drilling the transverse borehole. 12. The device of claim 11, further comprising an aperture to further avoid the elongate shank colliding with the drill. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the elongate shank comprises a cutting section having a cutting edge for detaching the burr from the opening of the transverse borehole. 14. The device of claim 11, comprising a cooling arrangement for cooling the elongate shank, the cooling arrangement comprising a cooling channel for passing a coolant through the elongate shank and for introducing the coolant into the longitudinal borehole of the workpiece, thus enabling the burr to be carried away out of the longitudinal borehole by the coolant. 15. A drilling station comprising:
a drill; a workpiece; and the device of claim 11. 16. A drilling station comprising:
a drill; a workpiece; and the device of claim 12. 17. The drilling station of claim 16, wherein:
the workpiece comprises the longitudinal borehole; the elongate shank of the device is arranged in the longitudinal borehole; the workpiece is rotatable about the elongate shank from a first rotational position (R) into a second rotational position; a first transverse borehole can be introduced into the workpiece by the drill in the first rotational position (R); a second transverse borehole can be introduced into the workpiece by the drill in the second rotational position; and the elongate shank is positioned in the longitudinal borehole such that the fillet or the aperture permits collision-free drilling of the first transverse borehole or the second transverse borehole by the drill. 18. The drilling station of claim 17, wherein:
the fillet or the aperture comprises an entrance directed to a point at which the first transverse borehole or the second transverse borehole is to be introduced; or the fillet or the aperture is arranged to be congruent or overlapping with the point in a plan view of the point. 19. A method comprising detaching a burr from an opening of a transverse borehole of a workpiece using the drilling station of claim 15. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
wherein the elongate shank of the device is introduced into the longitudinal borehole of the workpiece; and the drill drills the transverse borehole while the elongate shank is arranged in the longitudinal borehole. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the workpiece is rotated about the elongate shank of the device from a first rotational position (R) into a second rotational position; and the burr is detached from the opening by the device during or simultaneously when the workpiece is rotated. 22. A method for removing a burr comprising:
providing a tool with an elongate shank, the elongate shank comprising a cutting section comprising a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge; providing a workpiece with a longitudinal borehole; inserting the tool into the longitudinal borehole; drilling a first transverse borehole in the workpiece using a first drill; and rotating the workpiece or the tool to remove a burr created during the drilling. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein:
the tool comprises a fillet extending longitudinally along the elongate shank through the cutting section; and
the drill comprises a tip extending towards the fillet during the drilling. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein
the tool comprises an aperture; and
the tip extends into the aperture during the drilling. 25. The method of claim 22 wherein the tool further comprises a grip and the step of inserting the tool into the longitudinal borehole is performed by a human holding the grip. 26. The method of claim 22, further comprising drilling a second transverse borehole in the workpiece using a second drill prior to the step of rotating the workpiece or the tool. 27. The method of claim 22, further comprising drilling a second transverse borehole in the workpiece using the first drill after the step of rotating the workpiece or the tool. | 2,600 |
338,791 | 16,641,852 | 2,612 | A washing machine having a first single phase electric motor, a second single phase electric motor and an electric drive unit for the electric motors. The electric drive unit is connected to power supply lines and comprises three first legs, each leg comprising a pair of switches. Electrical terminals of the first electric motor are connected to the first and second legs of the electric drive unit and electrical terminals of the second electric motor are connected to the second and third legs of the electric drive unit. | 1. A washing machine having a first single phase electric motor, a second single phase electric motor and an electric drive unit configured to operate the electric motors, the electric drive unit being connected to a first power supply line and a second power supply line, wherein the electric drive unit comprises:
a first leg comprising a first switch and a second switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; a second leg comprising a third switch and a fourth switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; a third leg comprising a fifth switch and a sixth switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; wherein a first electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to the first leg and a second electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to the second leg and wherein a first electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to the second leg and a second electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to the third leg. 2. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to a node between the first switch and the second switch of the first leg and the second electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to a node between the third switch and the fourth switch of the second leg and wherein the first electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to a node between the third switch and the fourth switch of the second leg and the second electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to a node between the fifth switch and the sixth switch of the third leg. 3. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the switches comprise solid-state switches. 4. The washing machine according to claim 3, wherein one or more of the switches comprises a free-wheel diode. 5. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first leg comprises a first resistor, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second switch and the second power supply line. 6. The washing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit configured to operate each one of the switches. 7. The washing machine according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the first to fourth switches to activate the first electric motor. 8. The washing machine according to claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the first to fourth switches according to a PWM technique. 9. The washing machine according to claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the third to sixth switches to activate the second electric motor. 10. The washing machine according to claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the third to sixth switches according to a PWM technique. 11. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electric motor and the second electric motor comprises a synchronous electric motor. 12. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electric motor and the second electric motor comprises an electric motor operatively connected to a pump provided in the washing machine. 13. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first power supply line and the second power supply line are connected to a AC voltage system via a rectifier unit and a DC voltage intermediate circuit. 14. The washing machine according to claim 3, wherein the switches comprise MOSFETs or IGBTs. 15. The washing machine according to claim 5, wherein the second leg comprises a second resistor, wherein the second resistor is connected between the fourth switch and the second power supply line. 16. The washing machine according to claim 15, wherein the third leg comprises a third resistor, wherein the third resistor is connected between the sixth switch and the second power supply line. | A washing machine having a first single phase electric motor, a second single phase electric motor and an electric drive unit for the electric motors. The electric drive unit is connected to power supply lines and comprises three first legs, each leg comprising a pair of switches. Electrical terminals of the first electric motor are connected to the first and second legs of the electric drive unit and electrical terminals of the second electric motor are connected to the second and third legs of the electric drive unit.1. A washing machine having a first single phase electric motor, a second single phase electric motor and an electric drive unit configured to operate the electric motors, the electric drive unit being connected to a first power supply line and a second power supply line, wherein the electric drive unit comprises:
a first leg comprising a first switch and a second switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; a second leg comprising a third switch and a fourth switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; a third leg comprising a fifth switch and a sixth switch connected in series between the first power supply line and the second power supply line; wherein a first electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to the first leg and a second electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to the second leg and wherein a first electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to the second leg and a second electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to the third leg. 2. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to a node between the first switch and the second switch of the first leg and the second electrical terminal of the first electric motor is connected to a node between the third switch and the fourth switch of the second leg and wherein the first electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to a node between the third switch and the fourth switch of the second leg and the second electrical terminal of the second electric motor is connected to a node between the fifth switch and the sixth switch of the third leg. 3. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the switches comprise solid-state switches. 4. The washing machine according to claim 3, wherein one or more of the switches comprises a free-wheel diode. 5. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first leg comprises a first resistor, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second switch and the second power supply line. 6. The washing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit configured to operate each one of the switches. 7. The washing machine according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the first to fourth switches to activate the first electric motor. 8. The washing machine according to claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the first to fourth switches according to a PWM technique. 9. The washing machine according to claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the third to sixth switches to activate the second electric motor. 10. The washing machine according to claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the third to sixth switches according to a PWM technique. 11. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electric motor and the second electric motor comprises a synchronous electric motor. 12. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electric motor and the second electric motor comprises an electric motor operatively connected to a pump provided in the washing machine. 13. The washing machine according to claim 1, wherein the first power supply line and the second power supply line are connected to a AC voltage system via a rectifier unit and a DC voltage intermediate circuit. 14. The washing machine according to claim 3, wherein the switches comprise MOSFETs or IGBTs. 15. The washing machine according to claim 5, wherein the second leg comprises a second resistor, wherein the second resistor is connected between the fourth switch and the second power supply line. 16. The washing machine according to claim 15, wherein the third leg comprises a third resistor, wherein the third resistor is connected between the sixth switch and the second power supply line. | 2,600 |
338,792 | 16,641,840 | 2,612 | The invention relates to a catalyst which comprises a carrier substrate, palladium, and a zeolite, the largest channels of which are formed by 10 tetradrically coordinated atoms; to the use of said catalyst as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber, an exhaust gas system which contains said catalyst and an SCR catalyst, and to a method for purifying the exhaust gas of motor vehicles using said exhaust gas system. | 1. Catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L, palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 2. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type *MRE, AEL, AFO, AHT, BOF, BOZ, CGF, CGS, CSV, DAC, EUO, FER, HEU, IFW, IMF, ITH, ITR, JRY, JST, LAU, MEL, MFS, MTT, MVY, MWW, NES, OBW, -PAR, PCR, PON, PSI, RRO, SFF, SFG, STF, STI, STW, -SVR, SZR, TER, TON, TUN, UOS, WEI or -WEN. 3. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the small-pore zeolite is of structure type MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR. 4. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW. 5. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium is present in the zeolite structure as palladium cation. 6. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium is present in amounts of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal. 7. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a zeolite of structure type MWW and palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, along with no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 8. Catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW, MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25. 9. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite and the palladium are present in the form of a coating on the carrier substrate. 10. Catalyst according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier substrate carries a further catalytically active coating which is a coating that is active in terms of catalytic oxidation and comprises platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material. 11. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that a zeolite of structure type FER, MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR and coated with 1.5 to 2% by weight palladium extends directly on the carrier substrate over its entire length L and on this coating there is a coating containing platinum or platinum and palladium in the mass ratio of 4:1 to 14:1 over the entire length L. 12. Use of a catalyst according to claim 1 as a passive nitrogen oxide storage catalyst which stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases them again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first temperature range. 13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the catalyst comprises a zeolite of structure type MWW and palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, along with no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 14. Exhaust gas system comprising
a) a catalyst according to claim 1, and b) an SCR catalyst. 15. Exhaust gas system according to claim 14, characterized in that the SCR catalyst is a zeolite belonging to structure type BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and is exchanged with cobalt, iron, copper or mixtures of two or three of these metals. 16. Exhaust system according to claim 14, characterized in that an injection device for a reducing agent is located between the SCR catalyst and the catalyst, which comprises a carrier substrate of length L, palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed from 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 17. Method for purifying the exhaust gases of motor vehicles operated with lean-burn engines, characterized in that the exhaust gas is passed through an exhaust gas system according to claim 14. | The invention relates to a catalyst which comprises a carrier substrate, palladium, and a zeolite, the largest channels of which are formed by 10 tetradrically coordinated atoms; to the use of said catalyst as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber, an exhaust gas system which contains said catalyst and an SCR catalyst, and to a method for purifying the exhaust gas of motor vehicles using said exhaust gas system.1. Catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L, palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 2. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type *MRE, AEL, AFO, AHT, BOF, BOZ, CGF, CGS, CSV, DAC, EUO, FER, HEU, IFW, IMF, ITH, ITR, JRY, JST, LAU, MEL, MFS, MTT, MVY, MWW, NES, OBW, -PAR, PCR, PON, PSI, RRO, SFF, SFG, STF, STI, STW, -SVR, SZR, TER, TON, TUN, UOS, WEI or -WEN. 3. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the small-pore zeolite is of structure type MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR. 4. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW. 5. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium is present in the zeolite structure as palladium cation. 6. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium is present in amounts of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal. 7. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a zeolite of structure type MWW and palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, along with no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 8. Catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW, MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25. 9. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite and the palladium are present in the form of a coating on the carrier substrate. 10. Catalyst according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier substrate carries a further catalytically active coating which is a coating that is active in terms of catalytic oxidation and comprises platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material. 11. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that a zeolite of structure type FER, MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR and coated with 1.5 to 2% by weight palladium extends directly on the carrier substrate over its entire length L and on this coating there is a coating containing platinum or platinum and palladium in the mass ratio of 4:1 to 14:1 over the entire length L. 12. Use of a catalyst according to claim 1 as a passive nitrogen oxide storage catalyst which stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases them again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first temperature range. 13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the catalyst comprises a zeolite of structure type MWW and palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, along with no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 14. Exhaust gas system comprising
a) a catalyst according to claim 1, and b) an SCR catalyst. 15. Exhaust gas system according to claim 14, characterized in that the SCR catalyst is a zeolite belonging to structure type BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and is exchanged with cobalt, iron, copper or mixtures of two or three of these metals. 16. Exhaust system according to claim 14, characterized in that an injection device for a reducing agent is located between the SCR catalyst and the catalyst, which comprises a carrier substrate of length L, palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed from 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms. 17. Method for purifying the exhaust gases of motor vehicles operated with lean-burn engines, characterized in that the exhaust gas is passed through an exhaust gas system according to claim 14. | 2,600 |
338,793 | 16,641,812 | 2,612 | The present disclosure provides adhesive articles that can be removed from surfaces without damage by having reduced or eliminated contribution of a core backing to peel force generated by the adhesive during removal. In some instances, this can be accomplished by a core that loses structural integrity in a direction normal to a plane defined by a major surface. In other instances, the contribution is reduced by compromising the interface between the core and a peelable adhesive layer. | 1. An adhesive article comprising:
a first peelable adhesive layer; a second peelable adhesive layer; a discrete core disposed between the first and second peelable adhesives, and having first and second major surfaces, wherein the core defines a core plane coincident with the first major surface; and a plurality of adhesive contact areas each comprising an interface between the first and second adhesive layers, wherein each interface exists out of the core plane. 2. (canceled) 3. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the first adhesive layer is adhesively bonded to the core. 4. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core includes a nonwoven material. 5. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a series of apertures, and wherein each interface is located within an aperture. 6. The adhesive article of claim 1, where in the core consists of a plurality of particles of a size sufficient to prevent contact between the first and second adhesive layers, and wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of wood, metals, metal oxides, ceramics, and combinations thereof. 7. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein article includes a core interface between the first adhesive layer and the core, and wherein the adhesive bond strength at the adhesive interfaces is greater than the adhesive bond strength at the core interface. 8. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the application of force in a direction normal to the core plane results in a loss of structural integrity within the core. 9. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a perimeter, and wherein the adhesive contact areas surround the perimeter. 10. The adhesive article of claim 9, wherein the adhesive contact areas include at least one continuous seam extending along a portion of the perimeter. 11. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a perimeter boundary, and wherein the adhesive contact areas are disposed within the boundary. 12. An adhesive article for mounting objects, the article comprising:
a first peel release adhesive layer; a second peel release adhesive layer; a core defining a perimeter boundary disposed between the first and second adhesive layers; and a plurality of seams extending along at least a portion of the perimeter boundary, wherein the seams comprise an interface between the first and second adhesive layers. 13. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the plurality of seams includes a seam extending along at least two sides of the boundary. 14. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the core includes a layer of nonwoven material, and wherein the core includes a release layer disposed between the nonwoven material and the first adhesive layer. 15. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the core defines a plane, the plane being substantially parallel to an interface between the first adhesive layer and the core. 16. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the first adhesive layer is bonded to the core, and wherein at least one of a removal of the first adhesive layer from a mounting surfaces results in a debonding of the first adhesive from the core; and removal of the first adhesive layer from the mounting surface does not result in debonding in at least one of the seams. 17. An adhesive article for mounting an object to a surface, the article comprising:
A first adhesive layer; A second adhesive layer; A core defining a perimeter, the core disposed between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer; and A plurality of adhesive contact areas, wherein the adhesive contact areas comprise an interface between the first and second adhesive layers, and wherein the adhesive contact areas are located within the perimeter of the core, wherein at least the first adhesive layer debonds from the core when the adhesive article is removed at an angle of greater than 35 degrees, and wherein the first adhesive layer does not debond from the second adhesive layer at each of the interfaces when the adhesive article is removed at an angle of greater than 35 degrees. 18. The adhesive article of claim 17, wherein the core includes an aperture, and the wherein at least one of the adhesive contact areas is located within the aperture. 19-20. (canceled) | The present disclosure provides adhesive articles that can be removed from surfaces without damage by having reduced or eliminated contribution of a core backing to peel force generated by the adhesive during removal. In some instances, this can be accomplished by a core that loses structural integrity in a direction normal to a plane defined by a major surface. In other instances, the contribution is reduced by compromising the interface between the core and a peelable adhesive layer.1. An adhesive article comprising:
a first peelable adhesive layer; a second peelable adhesive layer; a discrete core disposed between the first and second peelable adhesives, and having first and second major surfaces, wherein the core defines a core plane coincident with the first major surface; and a plurality of adhesive contact areas each comprising an interface between the first and second adhesive layers, wherein each interface exists out of the core plane. 2. (canceled) 3. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the first adhesive layer is adhesively bonded to the core. 4. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core includes a nonwoven material. 5. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a series of apertures, and wherein each interface is located within an aperture. 6. The adhesive article of claim 1, where in the core consists of a plurality of particles of a size sufficient to prevent contact between the first and second adhesive layers, and wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of wood, metals, metal oxides, ceramics, and combinations thereof. 7. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein article includes a core interface between the first adhesive layer and the core, and wherein the adhesive bond strength at the adhesive interfaces is greater than the adhesive bond strength at the core interface. 8. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the application of force in a direction normal to the core plane results in a loss of structural integrity within the core. 9. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a perimeter, and wherein the adhesive contact areas surround the perimeter. 10. The adhesive article of claim 9, wherein the adhesive contact areas include at least one continuous seam extending along a portion of the perimeter. 11. The adhesive article of claim 1, wherein the core defines a perimeter boundary, and wherein the adhesive contact areas are disposed within the boundary. 12. An adhesive article for mounting objects, the article comprising:
a first peel release adhesive layer; a second peel release adhesive layer; a core defining a perimeter boundary disposed between the first and second adhesive layers; and a plurality of seams extending along at least a portion of the perimeter boundary, wherein the seams comprise an interface between the first and second adhesive layers. 13. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the plurality of seams includes a seam extending along at least two sides of the boundary. 14. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the core includes a layer of nonwoven material, and wherein the core includes a release layer disposed between the nonwoven material and the first adhesive layer. 15. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the core defines a plane, the plane being substantially parallel to an interface between the first adhesive layer and the core. 16. The adhesive article of claim 12, wherein the first adhesive layer is bonded to the core, and wherein at least one of a removal of the first adhesive layer from a mounting surfaces results in a debonding of the first adhesive from the core; and removal of the first adhesive layer from the mounting surface does not result in debonding in at least one of the seams. 17. An adhesive article for mounting an object to a surface, the article comprising:
A first adhesive layer; A second adhesive layer; A core defining a perimeter, the core disposed between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer; and A plurality of adhesive contact areas, wherein the adhesive contact areas comprise an interface between the first and second adhesive layers, and wherein the adhesive contact areas are located within the perimeter of the core, wherein at least the first adhesive layer debonds from the core when the adhesive article is removed at an angle of greater than 35 degrees, and wherein the first adhesive layer does not debond from the second adhesive layer at each of the interfaces when the adhesive article is removed at an angle of greater than 35 degrees. 18. The adhesive article of claim 17, wherein the core includes an aperture, and the wherein at least one of the adhesive contact areas is located within the aperture. 19-20. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,794 | 16,641,857 | 2,612 | An energy store is described. The energy store includes at least one storage cell and one storage cell management system, which includes a charge distribution circuit for monitoring the charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state or into a passive state, the storage cell management system including a logic circuit, including a switch for switching between the active state and the passive state and the switch being switchable by inserting the energy store into a guide. An energy storage system including such an energy store and a guide, is also described. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. An energy store, comprising:
at least one storage cell; and a storage cell management system which includes a charge distribution circuit configured to monitor charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state and into a passive state, wherein the storage cell management system includes a logic circuit including a switch for switching the energy store between the passive state and the active state, the switch configured to be switched by inserting the energy store into a guide. 18. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is situated on an outer side of the energy store. 19. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is spring-loaded. 20. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the storage cell is electrically connected to the charge distribution circuit and to the logic circuit, respectively. 21. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein an electrical voltage is present at a voltage output of the energy store in the active state and no electrical voltage is present at the voltage output of the energy store in the passive state. 22. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit always remains in an active state. 23. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the energy store is switchable into the passive state by fulfilling a condition predefined in the charge distribution circuit. 24. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit is configured to generate a pulse-like control signal for switching from the passive state into the active state when actuating the switch. 25. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the pulse-like control signal is conductible via a charging line to the storage cell management system. 26. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit is configured to generate a control signal for changing between the active state and the passive state. 27. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is made of a non-conductive material. 28. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein a charging current is conductible via the switch to the charge distribution circuit. 29. An energy storage system, comprising:
an energy store in including at least one storage cell, and a storage cell management system which includes a charge distribution circuit configured to monitor charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state and into a passive state, wherein the storage cell management system includes a logic circuit including a switch for switching the energy store between the passive state and the active state, the switch configured to be switched by inserting the energy store into a guide; and the guide, the energy store being insertable into the guide. 30. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the switch of the energy store is compressed when the energy store is in a positon inserted in the guide. 31. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the switch of the energy store is not compressed when the energy store is outside the guide. 32. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the guide includes a holder for a vehicle, the holder being a holder for a handlebar of a two-wheeler. | An energy store is described. The energy store includes at least one storage cell and one storage cell management system, which includes a charge distribution circuit for monitoring the charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state or into a passive state, the storage cell management system including a logic circuit, including a switch for switching between the active state and the passive state and the switch being switchable by inserting the energy store into a guide. An energy storage system including such an energy store and a guide, is also described.1-16. (canceled) 17. An energy store, comprising:
at least one storage cell; and a storage cell management system which includes a charge distribution circuit configured to monitor charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state and into a passive state, wherein the storage cell management system includes a logic circuit including a switch for switching the energy store between the passive state and the active state, the switch configured to be switched by inserting the energy store into a guide. 18. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is situated on an outer side of the energy store. 19. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is spring-loaded. 20. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the storage cell is electrically connected to the charge distribution circuit and to the logic circuit, respectively. 21. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein an electrical voltage is present at a voltage output of the energy store in the active state and no electrical voltage is present at the voltage output of the energy store in the passive state. 22. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit always remains in an active state. 23. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the energy store is switchable into the passive state by fulfilling a condition predefined in the charge distribution circuit. 24. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit is configured to generate a pulse-like control signal for switching from the passive state into the active state when actuating the switch. 25. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the pulse-like control signal is conductible via a charging line to the storage cell management system. 26. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the logic circuit is configured to generate a control signal for changing between the active state and the passive state. 27. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein the switch is made of a non-conductive material. 28. The energy store as recited in claim 17, wherein a charging current is conductible via the switch to the charge distribution circuit. 29. An energy storage system, comprising:
an energy store in including at least one storage cell, and a storage cell management system which includes a charge distribution circuit configured to monitor charging and discharging of the storage cell, the energy store being shiftable by the storage cell management system into an active state and into a passive state, wherein the storage cell management system includes a logic circuit including a switch for switching the energy store between the passive state and the active state, the switch configured to be switched by inserting the energy store into a guide; and the guide, the energy store being insertable into the guide. 30. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the switch of the energy store is compressed when the energy store is in a positon inserted in the guide. 31. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the switch of the energy store is not compressed when the energy store is outside the guide. 32. The energy storage system as recited in claim 29, wherein the guide includes a holder for a vehicle, the holder being a holder for a handlebar of a two-wheeler. | 2,600 |
338,795 | 16,641,850 | 2,612 | A diamond-coated tool includes: a substrate; and a diamond layer that coats the substrate, wherein the diamond layer includes a first region that is in contact with the substrate, the first region includes a region S1 surrounded by an interface P between the substrate and the diamond layer and an imaginary plane V1 separated from the interface P by a distance of 2 μm, and the region S1 has crystal grains grown in random directions. | 1: A diamond-coated tool comprising: a substrate; and a diamond layer that coats the substrate, wherein
the diamond layer includes a first region that is in contact with the substrate, the first region includes a region S1 surrounded by an interface P between the substrate and the diamond layer and an imaginary plane V1 separated from the interface P by a distance of 2 μm, and the region S1 has crystal grains grown in random directions. 2: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the first region includes diamond grains having a volume average grain size r1 of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm. 3: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 2, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, the unit layers include a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region, and a ratio (r1/r2) of the r1 and r2 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 20, where the r2 represents a volume average grain size of diamond grains included in the first unit layer. 4: The diamond-coated tool according to of claim 1, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, and an average residual stress σ1 of the first region is different from an average residual stress σ2 of a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region. 5: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, and a ratio (I1/I2) of I1 and I2 is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 10, where the I1 represents a sp3 intensity ratio of the first region and the I2 represents a sp3 intensity ratio of a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region. 6: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different volume average grain sizes of diamond grains. 7: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different average residual stresses. 8: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different sp3 intensity ratios. 9: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein the unit layers include columnar crystals. 10: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate includes hard grains having a volume average grain size of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 11: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 12: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a Co content of more than or equal to 0.01 mass % and less than or equal to 4 mass % in a region S3 surrounded by the interface P and an imaginary plane V2 separated from the interface P by a distance of 1 μm. | A diamond-coated tool includes: a substrate; and a diamond layer that coats the substrate, wherein the diamond layer includes a first region that is in contact with the substrate, the first region includes a region S1 surrounded by an interface P between the substrate and the diamond layer and an imaginary plane V1 separated from the interface P by a distance of 2 μm, and the region S1 has crystal grains grown in random directions.1: A diamond-coated tool comprising: a substrate; and a diamond layer that coats the substrate, wherein
the diamond layer includes a first region that is in contact with the substrate, the first region includes a region S1 surrounded by an interface P between the substrate and the diamond layer and an imaginary plane V1 separated from the interface P by a distance of 2 μm, and the region S1 has crystal grains grown in random directions. 2: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the first region includes diamond grains having a volume average grain size r1 of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm. 3: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 2, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, the unit layers include a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region, and a ratio (r1/r2) of the r1 and r2 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 20, where the r2 represents a volume average grain size of diamond grains included in the first unit layer. 4: The diamond-coated tool according to of claim 1, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, and an average residual stress σ1 of the first region is different from an average residual stress σ2 of a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region. 5: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein
the diamond layer includes a second region formed on the first region, the second region includes one or more unit layers, and a ratio (I1/I2) of I1 and I2 is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 10, where the I1 represents a sp3 intensity ratio of the first region and the I2 represents a sp3 intensity ratio of a first unit layer that is in contact with the first region. 6: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different volume average grain sizes of diamond grains. 7: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different average residual stresses. 8: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein
the second region includes two or more unit layers, and the two or more unit layers have respective different sp3 intensity ratios. 9: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 3, wherein the unit layers include columnar crystals. 10: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate includes hard grains having a volume average grain size of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 11: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 12: The diamond-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a Co content of more than or equal to 0.01 mass % and less than or equal to 4 mass % in a region S3 surrounded by the interface P and an imaginary plane V2 separated from the interface P by a distance of 1 μm. | 2,600 |
338,796 | 16,641,866 | 2,612 | An injector system, in particular a fuel injector system, includes an injector, a housing that at least partially encloses the injector, and a connecting piece that is connected to the injector and includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. An injector system comprising:
an injector; a housing that at least partially encloses the injector; and a connector that is connected to the injector and that includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing. 10. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes a collar extending radially outward. 11. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes at least one groove engaged with a protrusion of the housing. 12. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes at least one protrusion engaged with a groove of the housing. 13. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area is at least partially designed in a shape formed of a straight section in which the conncting area extends longitudinally with an approximately unchanging radial size followed by a flaring section that flares radially outward from the straight section. 14. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area, in cross-section, includes a plurality of protrusions that are each designed as a right triangle in a longitudinal section. 15. The injector system of claim 14, wherein a hypotenuse of the right triangle is located in front of a long perpendicular side of the right triangle in a direction from a first end of the connecting area to a second end of the connecting area, the first end being in front of the second end with respect to an injection direction in which the injector is configured to perform an injection. 16. The injector system of claim 9, wherein:
the housing includes a housing area designed to accommodate a holder that is configured to hold the injector system at a component of an internal combustion engine; and the connecting area of the connector is situated before or after the housing area in a longitudinal direction. 17. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the housing is designed as an extrusion-coated part. 18. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the injector system is a fuel injector system. 19. An internal combustion engine comprising an injector system, the injector system comprising:
an injector; a housing that at least partially encloses the injector; and a connector that is connected to the injector and that includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing. 20. The internal combustion engine of claim 19, further comprising a common rail, wherein the injector system is situated at the common rail. 21. The internal combustion engine of claim 20, wherein:
the injector system further comprises a holder; and the housing includes a housing area accommodating the holder, the holder thereby holding the injector system at the common rail; and the connecting area of the connector is situated before or after the housing area in a longitudinal direction. | An injector system, in particular a fuel injector system, includes an injector, a housing that at least partially encloses the injector, and a connecting piece that is connected to the injector and includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing.1-8. (canceled) 9. An injector system comprising:
an injector; a housing that at least partially encloses the injector; and a connector that is connected to the injector and that includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing. 10. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes a collar extending radially outward. 11. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes at least one groove engaged with a protrusion of the housing. 12. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area includes at least one protrusion engaged with a groove of the housing. 13. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area is at least partially designed in a shape formed of a straight section in which the conncting area extends longitudinally with an approximately unchanging radial size followed by a flaring section that flares radially outward from the straight section. 14. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the connecting area, in cross-section, includes a plurality of protrusions that are each designed as a right triangle in a longitudinal section. 15. The injector system of claim 14, wherein a hypotenuse of the right triangle is located in front of a long perpendicular side of the right triangle in a direction from a first end of the connecting area to a second end of the connecting area, the first end being in front of the second end with respect to an injection direction in which the injector is configured to perform an injection. 16. The injector system of claim 9, wherein:
the housing includes a housing area designed to accommodate a holder that is configured to hold the injector system at a component of an internal combustion engine; and the connecting area of the connector is situated before or after the housing area in a longitudinal direction. 17. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the housing is designed as an extrusion-coated part. 18. The injector system of claim 9, wherein the injector system is a fuel injector system. 19. An internal combustion engine comprising an injector system, the injector system comprising:
an injector; a housing that at least partially encloses the injector; and a connector that is connected to the injector and that includes a connecting area via which the injector is situated in a formfitting manner at the housing. 20. The internal combustion engine of claim 19, further comprising a common rail, wherein the injector system is situated at the common rail. 21. The internal combustion engine of claim 20, wherein:
the injector system further comprises a holder; and the housing includes a housing area accommodating the holder, the holder thereby holding the injector system at the common rail; and the connecting area of the connector is situated before or after the housing area in a longitudinal direction. | 2,600 |
338,797 | 16,641,849 | 2,612 | The present invention generally relates to a method, a system and a computer program for shape optimisation of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to its fluid dynamic parameters. In order to provide an improved method for shape optimisation of a technical device with respect to its fluid dynamic parameters which is faster, a method is provided comprising discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh, and inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. | 1. A computer-implemented method for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid dynamic parameter comprises at least one of: pressure profile along the contour of the technical device (CP), pressure drag coefficient (CDp), friction drag coefficient (CDf) and/or lift-to-drag ratio (L/D). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the technical device comprises an airfoil, a windmill blade, a vessel and/or a vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of points are uniformly distributed along the contour of the technical device. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining an optimization objective as a function of the shape of the technical device and of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising optimizing the shape of the technical device using a gradient descent algorithm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a convolution of the CNN comprises a circular convolution. 8. The method of any of claim 1, wherein the CNN comprises:
a first branch for computing a pressure profile along the contour of the technical device (CP), wherein the first branch preferably comprises a fully-convolutional network; and a second branch for computing a pressure and friction drag coefficient (CD), wherein the second branch preferably comprises a fully-connected network. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the CNN comprises a common part for performing the discretizing step and/or for feeding the first and second branch. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying at least one constraint to the plurality of points or the surface mesh. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint forces at least one point of the plurality of points to remain at a predefined location. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint comprises a zone that stays inside of the shape of the technical device, wherein the zone preferably comprises at least one of a rectangle, parallelepiped, ellipsoid and/or an ellipsis. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint comprises at least one of a regularity measure of the shape of the technical device or a variance measure of an inter-coordinate distance of the shape of the technical device. 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating a plurality of discretizations of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) profiles; using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulator for computing the at least one fluid dynamic parameter based on the generated discretizations; and training the CNN with the generated discretizations and the at least one computed fluid dynamic parameter. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the discretizations comprises adding noise to the NACA profiles. 17. The method of claim 5, wherein the discretized shape or the surface mesh representing the technical device is passed to a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulator for generating new training data for the CNN. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the CNN is trained during optimization. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface mesh comprises at least one of a plurality of vertices and at least one edge between the vertices or an adjacency matrix describing the at least one edge. 20. (canceled) 21. A system for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
means for discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and means for using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter based on the plurality of points or the surface mesh. 22. A system for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
a processor configured for:
discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and
inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) | The present invention generally relates to a method, a system and a computer program for shape optimisation of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to its fluid dynamic parameters. In order to provide an improved method for shape optimisation of a technical device with respect to its fluid dynamic parameters which is faster, a method is provided comprising discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh, and inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter.1. A computer-implemented method for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid dynamic parameter comprises at least one of: pressure profile along the contour of the technical device (CP), pressure drag coefficient (CDp), friction drag coefficient (CDf) and/or lift-to-drag ratio (L/D). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the technical device comprises an airfoil, a windmill blade, a vessel and/or a vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of points are uniformly distributed along the contour of the technical device. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining an optimization objective as a function of the shape of the technical device and of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising optimizing the shape of the technical device using a gradient descent algorithm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a convolution of the CNN comprises a circular convolution. 8. The method of any of claim 1, wherein the CNN comprises:
a first branch for computing a pressure profile along the contour of the technical device (CP), wherein the first branch preferably comprises a fully-convolutional network; and a second branch for computing a pressure and friction drag coefficient (CD), wherein the second branch preferably comprises a fully-connected network. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the CNN comprises a common part for performing the discretizing step and/or for feeding the first and second branch. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying at least one constraint to the plurality of points or the surface mesh. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint forces at least one point of the plurality of points to remain at a predefined location. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint comprises a zone that stays inside of the shape of the technical device, wherein the zone preferably comprises at least one of a rectangle, parallelepiped, ellipsoid and/or an ellipsis. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one constraint comprises at least one of a regularity measure of the shape of the technical device or a variance measure of an inter-coordinate distance of the shape of the technical device. 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating a plurality of discretizations of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) profiles; using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulator for computing the at least one fluid dynamic parameter based on the generated discretizations; and training the CNN with the generated discretizations and the at least one computed fluid dynamic parameter. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the discretizations comprises adding noise to the NACA profiles. 17. The method of claim 5, wherein the discretized shape or the surface mesh representing the technical device is passed to a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulator for generating new training data for the CNN. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the CNN is trained during optimization. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface mesh comprises at least one of a plurality of vertices and at least one edge between the vertices or an adjacency matrix describing the at least one edge. 20. (canceled) 21. A system for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
means for discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and means for using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter based on the plurality of points or the surface mesh. 22. A system for optimizing the shape of a technical device adapted to be exposed to a fluid flowing around a contour of said device with respect to at least one fluid dynamic parameter, comprising:
a processor configured for:
discretizing the shape of the technical device into a plurality of points along the contour of the technical device or into a surface mesh; and
inputting the plurality of points or the surface mesh into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for computing a prediction of the at least one fluid dynamic parameter. 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,798 | 16,641,851 | 2,612 | An optoelectronic semiconductor device includes a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, and the contact layer includes a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer. | 1.-19. (canceled) 20. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, and the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer. 21. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is free of aluminum or has an aluminum content of 1% or less. 22. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer is formed of an aluminum gallium nitride or an aluminum indium gallium nitride. 23. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is formed of an indium gallium nitride. 24. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the connection layer is a metallic layer or a layer formed from a TCO. 25. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer is doped with the p-dopant at least on a side facing towards the contact layer. 26. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer has a p-dopant concentration of at least 2×1019 atoms per cubic centimeter. 27. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer or a partition of the first interlayer has a p-dopant concentration of at least 1×1019 atoms per cubic centimeter. 28. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 27, wherein the concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along a normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body, and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps and/or a ramp-shaped profile with one or more ramps. 29. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 28, wherein the concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along the normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body within the interlayer and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps and/or a ramp-shaped profile with one or more ramps. 30. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 28, wherein the step-shaped profile of the concentration of the p-dopant in a direction along a normal vector of the main plane of extension of the semiconductor body extends at most 50 nm into the first interlayer. 31. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is p-conductively doped with the dopant magnesium or zinc. 32. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor device is formed as a semiconductor laser, and the active layer is arranged to generate coherent electromagnetic radiation. 33. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 32, wherein the active layer is surrounded at least in regions by a waveguide region, and the first interlayer is a cladding layer adjoining the waveguide region, or the first interlayer forms the waveguide region. 34. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted in operation in the active layer has a wavelength less than or equal to 400 nm. 35. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer has a thickness of at most 30 nm. 36. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the active layer is arranged to generate electromagnetic radiation and the optoelectronic semiconductor device has a reduced forward voltage during operation. 37. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein a dopant concentration of the p-dopant has a gradient of at least 1×1020 atoms per cubic centimeter per 100 nm. 38. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer, a concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along a normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body within the interlayer, and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps, and the step-shaped profile of the concentration of the p-dopant in a direction along the normal vector of the main extension plane of the semiconductor body extends at most 50 nm into the first interlayer. 39. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer, and a two-dimensional charge carrier gas is formed at an interface between the contact layer and the first interlayer, the distribution of which extends as far as the connection layer. | An optoelectronic semiconductor device includes a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, and the contact layer includes a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer.1.-19. (canceled) 20. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, and the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer. 21. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is free of aluminum or has an aluminum content of 1% or less. 22. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer is formed of an aluminum gallium nitride or an aluminum indium gallium nitride. 23. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is formed of an indium gallium nitride. 24. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the connection layer is a metallic layer or a layer formed from a TCO. 25. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer is doped with the p-dopant at least on a side facing towards the contact layer. 26. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer has a p-dopant concentration of at least 2×1019 atoms per cubic centimeter. 27. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the first interlayer or a partition of the first interlayer has a p-dopant concentration of at least 1×1019 atoms per cubic centimeter. 28. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 27, wherein the concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along a normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body, and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps and/or a ramp-shaped profile with one or more ramps. 29. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 28, wherein the concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along the normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body within the interlayer and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps and/or a ramp-shaped profile with one or more ramps. 30. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 28, wherein the step-shaped profile of the concentration of the p-dopant in a direction along a normal vector of the main plane of extension of the semiconductor body extends at most 50 nm into the first interlayer. 31. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer is p-conductively doped with the dopant magnesium or zinc. 32. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor device is formed as a semiconductor laser, and the active layer is arranged to generate coherent electromagnetic radiation. 33. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 32, wherein the active layer is surrounded at least in regions by a waveguide region, and the first interlayer is a cladding layer adjoining the waveguide region, or the first interlayer forms the waveguide region. 34. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted in operation in the active layer has a wavelength less than or equal to 400 nm. 35. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the contact layer has a thickness of at most 30 nm. 36. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein the active layer is arranged to generate electromagnetic radiation and the optoelectronic semiconductor device has a reduced forward voltage during operation. 37. The optoelectronic semiconductor device according to claim 20, wherein a dopant concentration of the p-dopant has a gradient of at least 1×1020 atoms per cubic centimeter per 100 nm. 38. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer, a concentration of the p-dopant varies in a direction along a normal vector of a main extension plane of the semiconductor body within the interlayer, and has a step-shaped profile with one or more steps, and the step-shaped profile of the concentration of the p-dopant in a direction along the normal vector of the main extension plane of the semiconductor body extends at most 50 nm into the first interlayer. 39. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body in which an active layer configured to generate or detect electromagnetic radiation, a first interlayer and a p-conducting contact layer are formed, and a connection layer applied to the semiconductor body, wherein
the contact layer is disposed between the first interlayer and the connection layer and adjoins the connection layer, the active layer is arranged on a side of the first interlayer remote from the contact layer, the first interlayer and the contact layer are based on a nitride compound semiconductor, the contact layer is doped with a p-dopant, the contact layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm, the contact layer comprises a lower aluminum content than the first interlayer, and a two-dimensional charge carrier gas is formed at an interface between the contact layer and the first interlayer, the distribution of which extends as far as the connection layer. | 2,600 |
338,799 | 16,641,862 | 2,612 | A method for encapsulating a sensing and/or actuator device, comprises the steps of providing a sensing and/or actuator device having a demarcation structure thereon. The sensing and/or actuator device comprises at least a substrate and a sensing and/or actuator element on the substrate. The demarcation structure contacts the substrate and defines an enclosed area of the substrate. The enclosed area comprises at least the sensing and/or actuator element. The method also comprises providing an encapsulation material outside the enclosed area, so the sensing and/or actuator element is left uncovered by the encapsulation material. The demarcation structure further comprises a capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element. | 1.-15. (canceled) 16. A method for encapsulating a sensing and/or actuator device, comprising:
a. providing a sensing and/or actuator device having a demarcation structure thereon, the sensing and/or actuator device comprising at least a substrate and a sensing and/or actuator element on the substrate, the demarcation structure contacting the substrate and defining an enclosed area of the substrate, the enclosed area comprising at least the sensing and/or actuator element; and b. providing an encapsulation material outside the enclosed area, such that the sensing and/or actuator element is left uncovered by the encapsulation material, 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capping structure comprises a semi-permeable membrane, possible also with different materials. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the capping structure comprises a polymer material at one or both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises an alumina nanopore plate. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element is spaced therefrom by a distance of from 10 nm to 5 mm. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein step b comprises casting the encapsulation material outside the enclosed area. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein a casting mould is provided around the sensing and/or actuator device prior to the casting and wherein the casting mould is adapted to press the demarcation structure securely against the substrate. 23. An encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device comprising:
i. a substrate; ii. a demarcation structure contacting the substrate and defining an enclosed area of the substrate, iii. a sensing and/or actuator element in the enclosed area; and iv. an encapsulation material covering the substrate outside the enclosed area, leaving the sensing and/or actuator element uncovered by the encapsulation material, 24. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 23, wherein the capping structure comprises a semi-permeable membrane, possible also with different materials. 25. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, wherein the capping structure comprises a polymer material at both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. 26. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises an alumina nanopore plate. 27. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 23, wherein the capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element is spaced therefrom by a distance of from 10 nm to 5 mm. 28. The encapsulated device according to claim 23, wherein the demarcation structure comprises interlocking features for locking a capping structure to the demarcation structure. 29. The encapsulated device according to claim 23, wherein the demarcation structure is configured for introducing a predetermined distance between the sensing and/or actuator element and the capping structure so that the capping structure is not touching the sensing and/or actuator element. 30. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, being adapted to be implantable in a living organism. | A method for encapsulating a sensing and/or actuator device, comprises the steps of providing a sensing and/or actuator device having a demarcation structure thereon. The sensing and/or actuator device comprises at least a substrate and a sensing and/or actuator element on the substrate. The demarcation structure contacts the substrate and defines an enclosed area of the substrate. The enclosed area comprises at least the sensing and/or actuator element. The method also comprises providing an encapsulation material outside the enclosed area, so the sensing and/or actuator element is left uncovered by the encapsulation material. The demarcation structure further comprises a capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element.1.-15. (canceled) 16. A method for encapsulating a sensing and/or actuator device, comprising:
a. providing a sensing and/or actuator device having a demarcation structure thereon, the sensing and/or actuator device comprising at least a substrate and a sensing and/or actuator element on the substrate, the demarcation structure contacting the substrate and defining an enclosed area of the substrate, the enclosed area comprising at least the sensing and/or actuator element; and b. providing an encapsulation material outside the enclosed area, such that the sensing and/or actuator element is left uncovered by the encapsulation material, 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capping structure comprises a semi-permeable membrane, possible also with different materials. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the capping structure comprises a polymer material at one or both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises an alumina nanopore plate. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element is spaced therefrom by a distance of from 10 nm to 5 mm. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein step b comprises casting the encapsulation material outside the enclosed area. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein a casting mould is provided around the sensing and/or actuator device prior to the casting and wherein the casting mould is adapted to press the demarcation structure securely against the substrate. 23. An encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device comprising:
i. a substrate; ii. a demarcation structure contacting the substrate and defining an enclosed area of the substrate, iii. a sensing and/or actuator element in the enclosed area; and iv. an encapsulation material covering the substrate outside the enclosed area, leaving the sensing and/or actuator element uncovered by the encapsulation material, 24. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 23, wherein the capping structure comprises a semi-permeable membrane, possible also with different materials. 25. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, wherein the capping structure comprises a polymer material at both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. 26. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises an alumina nanopore plate. 27. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 23, wherein the capping structure overlaying the sensing and/or actuator element is spaced therefrom by a distance of from 10 nm to 5 mm. 28. The encapsulated device according to claim 23, wherein the demarcation structure comprises interlocking features for locking a capping structure to the demarcation structure. 29. The encapsulated device according to claim 23, wherein the demarcation structure is configured for introducing a predetermined distance between the sensing and/or actuator element and the capping structure so that the capping structure is not touching the sensing and/or actuator element. 30. The encapsulated sensing and/or actuator device according to claim 24, being adapted to be implantable in a living organism. | 2,600 |
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