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338,600 | 16,641,646 | 2,626 | Disclosed is an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions. The copper ions contained in the complex comprise copper (I) ions. The electrically conductive substance is produced by a production method which comprises mixing a rubeanic acid compound and a copper (I) compound in the presence of a base. | 1. An electrically conductive substance comprising a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, wherein the copper ions comprise copper (I) ions. 2. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of copper ion content to rubeanic acid ligand content is 1.2 or more. 3. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a proportion of the copper (I) ions in the copper ions is 20 mol % or more. 4. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive substance has crystallinity. 5. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive substance has a BET specific surface area of 20 m2/g or more. 6. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of copper ion content to rubeanic acid ligand content is 2.0 or more. 7. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, further comprising copper (I) sulfide and/or copper (II) sulfide. 8. A method of producing an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, the method comprising:
mixing a rubeanic acid compound and a copper (I) compound in the presence of a base to provide an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, wherein the copper ions comprise copper (I) ions. 9. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the rubeanic acid compound and the base are used in a molar ratio of 1:0.3 to 1:5. 10. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the base is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, trialkylamines, and pyridines. 11. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the copper (I) compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper (I) chloride, copper (I) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (I) thiocyanate, copper (I) acetate, copper (I) sulfide, and copper (I) oxide. 12. An electrode for a power storage device, comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 13. An electrode for a fuel cell, comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 14. A catalyst comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 15. A porous material comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. | Disclosed is an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions. The copper ions contained in the complex comprise copper (I) ions. The electrically conductive substance is produced by a production method which comprises mixing a rubeanic acid compound and a copper (I) compound in the presence of a base.1. An electrically conductive substance comprising a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, wherein the copper ions comprise copper (I) ions. 2. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of copper ion content to rubeanic acid ligand content is 1.2 or more. 3. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a proportion of the copper (I) ions in the copper ions is 20 mol % or more. 4. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive substance has crystallinity. 5. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive substance has a BET specific surface area of 20 m2/g or more. 6. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of copper ion content to rubeanic acid ligand content is 2.0 or more. 7. The electrically conductive substance of claim 1, further comprising copper (I) sulfide and/or copper (II) sulfide. 8. A method of producing an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, the method comprising:
mixing a rubeanic acid compound and a copper (I) compound in the presence of a base to provide an electrically conductive substance which comprises a complex containing rubeanic acid ligands and copper ions, wherein the copper ions comprise copper (I) ions. 9. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the rubeanic acid compound and the base are used in a molar ratio of 1:0.3 to 1:5. 10. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the base is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, trialkylamines, and pyridines. 11. The method of producing an electrically conductive substance of claim 8, wherein the copper (I) compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper (I) chloride, copper (I) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (I) thiocyanate, copper (I) acetate, copper (I) sulfide, and copper (I) oxide. 12. An electrode for a power storage device, comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 13. An electrode for a fuel cell, comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 14. A catalyst comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. 15. A porous material comprising the electrically conductive substance of claim 1. | 2,600 |
338,601 | 16,641,668 | 2,626 | A container for product to be dispensed takes the form a body defining a compartment for storing frozen confection such as ice cream and sorbet, and a receptacle releasably coupled with the body. The body has a lower region with an outlet through which the frozen confection to be dispensed from the compartment. The receptacle defines an open chamber, when decoupled from the container, for receiving frozen confection dispensed through said outlet. An external profile of the body is configured to nest with internal profile of the receptacle, with the outlet of the body covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. An internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the body. | 1. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment for storing product to be dispensed, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein product is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, said receptacle defining an open chamber, when decoupled from the body, for receiving product dispensed through said outlet; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the chamber of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing product through the outlet. 2. A container according to claim 1, wherein the body comprises separate first and second parts configured to cooperate with one another (e.g. by fitting together) in order to define said compartment; wherein the first part defines a lower region of the compartment and includes said outlet, and wherein said second part defines an upper region of the compartment (e.g. wherein each of said first and second parts defines 50% of the capacity of the compartment); and wherein said second part is configured to deform in the direction of the outlet, for reducing volume within the compartment and dispensing product through the outlet. 3. A container according to claim 2, wherein the first part defines a concavity for receiving product to be dispensed during a charging operation, and wherein the second part defines a lid for enclosing charged product in the first part (e.g. with a snap fit or interference fit of said second part on said first part). 4. A container according to claim 2, wherein the second part is configured to nest in said first part when the first and second parts cooperate with one another to define said compartment. 5. A container according to claim 4, wherein the first part has an internal surface with a step or shoulder onto which a lower end of the second part is received when the second part is nested in said first part. 6. A container according to claim 2, wherein the lower region of the compartment nests within the chamber of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 7. A container according to claim 1, wherein the internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage the external surface of the body in a snap fit and/or interference fit, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the body. 8. A container according to claim 1, wherein the container is configured so that an internal profile of the receptacle provides a circumferential engagement with an external profile of the body when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 9. A container according to claim 8, wherein said internal profile of the receptacle has a diameter in the range of 70 to 100 mm and wherein the circumferential engagement between said internal profile of the receptacle and said external profile of the body extends in an axial direction along a distance in the range of 10 to 20 mm. 10. A container according to claim 8, wherein said circumferential engagement extends axially along complimentary tapered side wall portions of said internal profile of the receptacle and said external profile of the body. 11. A container according to claim 8, wherein the internal profile of the receptacle comprises a shoulder portion at an upper end of the open chamber and a collar projecting in an axially upward direction from the shoulder portion, optionally wherein a rim projects radially outwardly from an upper end of the collar. 12. A container according to claim 11, wherein the container is configured so that there is a snap fit or interference fit between a radially internal surface of the collar and a portion of the external profile of the container body, when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 13. A container according to claim 1, wherein the body has an external circumferential protrusion, and the receptacle includes an internal circumferential recess, or vice versa, wherein the protrusion is configured for snap-fitting or interference-fitting cooperation with the recess, for providing a mechanical locking arrangement between the body and the receptacle; optionally, wherein the body defines a bottom surface, which includes said outlet, and a further side wall extending away from said bottom surface, wherein said protrusion or recess is provided on said side wall. 14. A container according to claim 1, wherein the engagement between the receptacle and the container body is configured so that a seal is created between the receptacle and the container body. 15. A container according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle has an internal profile which includes a base surface at the bottom of the chamber; and wherein the container is configured such that said base surface is in contact with an underside of the body when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 16. A container according to claim 15, wherein said base surface is in contact with a circumferential periphery of the outlet (e.g. in order to seal the outlet) when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 17. A container according to claim 16, wherein the base surface defines a projection configured to engage said circumferential periphery of the outlet when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, in order to prevent leakage from the outlet; optionally wherein said projection defines a convex profile; further optionally, wherein said convex profile is the result of a concavity formed in an underside of the receptacle. 18. A container according to claim 1, wherein the compartment contains a frozen confection such as ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt. 19. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment containing a frozen confection selected from one of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein said frozen confection is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, said receptacle defining an open chamber, when decoupled from the body, for receiving frozen confection dispensed through said outlet; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the compartment of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing said frozen confection through the outlet. 20. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment containing a frozen confection selected from one of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein said frozen confection is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the closure when the closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the closure when the closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the closure is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the closure with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing said frozen confection through the outlet. | A container for product to be dispensed takes the form a body defining a compartment for storing frozen confection such as ice cream and sorbet, and a receptacle releasably coupled with the body. The body has a lower region with an outlet through which the frozen confection to be dispensed from the compartment. The receptacle defines an open chamber, when decoupled from the container, for receiving frozen confection dispensed through said outlet. An external profile of the body is configured to nest with internal profile of the receptacle, with the outlet of the body covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. An internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the body.1. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment for storing product to be dispensed, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein product is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, said receptacle defining an open chamber, when decoupled from the body, for receiving product dispensed through said outlet; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the chamber of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing product through the outlet. 2. A container according to claim 1, wherein the body comprises separate first and second parts configured to cooperate with one another (e.g. by fitting together) in order to define said compartment; wherein the first part defines a lower region of the compartment and includes said outlet, and wherein said second part defines an upper region of the compartment (e.g. wherein each of said first and second parts defines 50% of the capacity of the compartment); and wherein said second part is configured to deform in the direction of the outlet, for reducing volume within the compartment and dispensing product through the outlet. 3. A container according to claim 2, wherein the first part defines a concavity for receiving product to be dispensed during a charging operation, and wherein the second part defines a lid for enclosing charged product in the first part (e.g. with a snap fit or interference fit of said second part on said first part). 4. A container according to claim 2, wherein the second part is configured to nest in said first part when the first and second parts cooperate with one another to define said compartment. 5. A container according to claim 4, wherein the first part has an internal surface with a step or shoulder onto which a lower end of the second part is received when the second part is nested in said first part. 6. A container according to claim 2, wherein the lower region of the compartment nests within the chamber of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 7. A container according to claim 1, wherein the internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage the external surface of the body in a snap fit and/or interference fit, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the body. 8. A container according to claim 1, wherein the container is configured so that an internal profile of the receptacle provides a circumferential engagement with an external profile of the body when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 9. A container according to claim 8, wherein said internal profile of the receptacle has a diameter in the range of 70 to 100 mm and wherein the circumferential engagement between said internal profile of the receptacle and said external profile of the body extends in an axial direction along a distance in the range of 10 to 20 mm. 10. A container according to claim 8, wherein said circumferential engagement extends axially along complimentary tapered side wall portions of said internal profile of the receptacle and said external profile of the body. 11. A container according to claim 8, wherein the internal profile of the receptacle comprises a shoulder portion at an upper end of the open chamber and a collar projecting in an axially upward direction from the shoulder portion, optionally wherein a rim projects radially outwardly from an upper end of the collar. 12. A container according to claim 11, wherein the container is configured so that there is a snap fit or interference fit between a radially internal surface of the collar and a portion of the external profile of the container body, when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 13. A container according to claim 1, wherein the body has an external circumferential protrusion, and the receptacle includes an internal circumferential recess, or vice versa, wherein the protrusion is configured for snap-fitting or interference-fitting cooperation with the recess, for providing a mechanical locking arrangement between the body and the receptacle; optionally, wherein the body defines a bottom surface, which includes said outlet, and a further side wall extending away from said bottom surface, wherein said protrusion or recess is provided on said side wall. 14. A container according to claim 1, wherein the engagement between the receptacle and the container body is configured so that a seal is created between the receptacle and the container body. 15. A container according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle has an internal profile which includes a base surface at the bottom of the chamber; and wherein the container is configured such that said base surface is in contact with an underside of the body when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 16. A container according to claim 15, wherein said base surface is in contact with a circumferential periphery of the outlet (e.g. in order to seal the outlet) when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body. 17. A container according to claim 16, wherein the base surface defines a projection configured to engage said circumferential periphery of the outlet when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, in order to prevent leakage from the outlet; optionally wherein said projection defines a convex profile; further optionally, wherein said convex profile is the result of a concavity formed in an underside of the receptacle. 18. A container according to claim 1, wherein the compartment contains a frozen confection such as ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt. 19. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment containing a frozen confection selected from one of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein said frozen confection is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a receptacle is releasably coupled with the body, said receptacle defining an open chamber, when decoupled from the body, for receiving frozen confection dispensed through said outlet; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the compartment of the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the receptacle when the receptacle is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the receptacle is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the receptacle with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing said frozen confection through the outlet. 20. A container for product to be dispensed, the container comprising:
a body defining a compartment containing a frozen confection selected from one of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt, the body having an upper region and a lower region, wherein an outlet is provided in said lower region, and wherein said frozen confection is intended to be dispensed from the compartment through the outlet, in use; wherein a closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the lower region of the body extends into the closure when the closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein the outlet of the body is covered by the closure when the closure is releasably coupled with the body; wherein an internal surface of the closure is configured to engage an external surface of the body, for releasably coupling the closure with the container body; and wherein the container further comprises a part configured to move or deform in the direction of the outlet, in order to reduce volume within the compartment, for dispensing said frozen confection through the outlet. | 2,600 |
338,602 | 16,641,652 | 2,626 | The present invention relates to eyeglasses including eyeglass temples having a hinge structure, and eyeglass temples mounted thereto, and more particularly, to eyeglasses in which a state in which eyeglass temples are folded or unfolded can be stably maintained and the eyeglass temples and eyeglass frame can be connected by even a simple configuration. The present invention provides eyeglasses and eyeglass temples mounted thereto, the eyeglasses being characterized by including: an eyeglass frame into which lenses can be inserted; hinge shafts rotatably inserted into hinge holes of the eyeglass frame; first extension parts extending toward one side from an end of each of the hinge shafts; second extension parts extending upward from an end of each of the first extension parts; first support parts that are connected to the second extension parts and can be supported on the front surface or side surface of the eyeglass frame; and second support parts that are connected to the first support parts in a bent shape and can be supported on the side surfaces or rear surfaces of the eyeglass frame, wherein support is provided in a first area by each of the hinge shafts, in a second area by each of the second extension parts and the first support parts, and in a third area by each of the second support parts. | 1. Glasses comprising:
a glass frame into which a lens is inserted; a hinge axis rotatably inserted into a hinge hole of the glass frame; a first extension portion extending in one side direction from a lower end portion of the hinge axis; a second extension portion extending upward from an end portion of the first extension portion; and a first support connected to the second extension portion and supported against a front or lateral surface of the glass frame; and a second support connected to the first support in a bending form and supported against a lateral or rear surface of the glass frame, wherein support through the hinge axis in a first region, support through the second extension portion and the first support in a second region, and support through the second support in a third region are performed, wherein the glass frame includes a front surface portion, a lateral flange groove, a rear flange groove, a first edge between the front surface portion and the lateral flange groove, and a second edge between the lateral flange groove and the rear flange groove; wherein a distance to the front surface portion from a center of the hinge axis, a distance to a lateral flange groove from the center of the hinge axis, and a distance to the rear flange groove from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein a distance to the first edge from the center of the hinge axis and a distance to the second edge from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein the distance to the first edge from the center of the hinge axis and the distance to the second edge from the center of the hinge axis are greater than the distance to the front surface portion from a center of the hinge axis, the distance to the lateral flange groove from the center of the hinge axis, and the distance to the rear flange groove from the center of the hinge axis; and wherein, when the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded, the first and second edges act as resistance and cause elastic restoring force through elastic distortion deformation of the second extension portion and elastic restoring force through elastic deformation of an interval or an inclination angle between the first support and the second support. 2. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other in a right and left direction;
wherein the first extension portion and the first support are spaced apart from each other in an up and down direction; and wherein the first support and the hinge axis are spaced apart from each other in a forward and backward direction. 3. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other and are arranged in parallel to each other; and
wherein the second extension portion is a torsion bar providing elastic restraint or elastic restoring force against distortion between the first extension portion and the first support when the eyeglass temple is rotated. 4. The glasses of claim 3, wherein a first inclination angle is formed between the first extension portion and the first support on a plane;
wherein a second inclination angle is formed between the first support and the second support; and wherein elastic deformation between the first extension portion and the second extension portion, elastic deformation between the second extension portion and the first support, and elastic deformation between the first support and the second support are performed, and the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are temporally changed while the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded. 5. (canceled) 6. An eyeglass temple comprising:
a hinge axis disposed in an up and down direction; a first extension portion extending in one side direction from a lower end portion of the hinge axis; a second extension portion extending in an opposite direction to a direction in which the hinge axis extends from an end portion of the first extension portion; a first support connected to one end portion of the second extension portion and extending in a direction that crosses a direction in which the second extension portion extends; and a second support connected to the first support in a bending form and extending in a backward direction compared with the first support, wherein support through the hinge axis in a first region, support through the second extension portion and the first support in a second region, and support through the second support in a third region are performed, wherein a distance to the first support from a center of the hinge axis and a distance to the second support from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein a distance to a portion at which the first support and the second support are bent from the center of the hinge axis is greater than a distance to the first support from the center of the hinge axis and the distance to the second support from the center of the hinge axis; and wherein, when the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded, if the first support and the second support are caught by a predetermined flange resistance region, elastic restoring force through elastic distortion deformation of the second extension portion and elastic restoring force through elastic deformation of an interval or an inclination angle between the first support and the second support are caused. 7. The eyeglass temple of claim 6, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other in a right and left direction;
wherein the first extension portion and the first support are spaced apart from each other in an up and down direction; and wherein the first support and the hinge axis are spaced apart from each other in a forward and backward direction. 8. The eyeglass temple of claim 6, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other and are arranged in parallel to each other; and
wherein the second extension portion is a torsion bar providing elastic restraint or elastic restoring force against distortion between the first extension portion and the first support when the eyeglass temple is rotated. 9. The eyeglass temple of claim 8, wherein a first inclination angle is formed between the first extension portion and the first support on a plane;
wherein a second inclination angle is formed between the first support and the second support; and wherein elastic deformation between the first extension portion and the second extension portion, elastic deformation between the second extension portion and the first support, and elastic deformation between the first support and the second support are performed, and the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are temporally changed while the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded. 10. (canceled) | The present invention relates to eyeglasses including eyeglass temples having a hinge structure, and eyeglass temples mounted thereto, and more particularly, to eyeglasses in which a state in which eyeglass temples are folded or unfolded can be stably maintained and the eyeglass temples and eyeglass frame can be connected by even a simple configuration. The present invention provides eyeglasses and eyeglass temples mounted thereto, the eyeglasses being characterized by including: an eyeglass frame into which lenses can be inserted; hinge shafts rotatably inserted into hinge holes of the eyeglass frame; first extension parts extending toward one side from an end of each of the hinge shafts; second extension parts extending upward from an end of each of the first extension parts; first support parts that are connected to the second extension parts and can be supported on the front surface or side surface of the eyeglass frame; and second support parts that are connected to the first support parts in a bent shape and can be supported on the side surfaces or rear surfaces of the eyeglass frame, wherein support is provided in a first area by each of the hinge shafts, in a second area by each of the second extension parts and the first support parts, and in a third area by each of the second support parts.1. Glasses comprising:
a glass frame into which a lens is inserted; a hinge axis rotatably inserted into a hinge hole of the glass frame; a first extension portion extending in one side direction from a lower end portion of the hinge axis; a second extension portion extending upward from an end portion of the first extension portion; and a first support connected to the second extension portion and supported against a front or lateral surface of the glass frame; and a second support connected to the first support in a bending form and supported against a lateral or rear surface of the glass frame, wherein support through the hinge axis in a first region, support through the second extension portion and the first support in a second region, and support through the second support in a third region are performed, wherein the glass frame includes a front surface portion, a lateral flange groove, a rear flange groove, a first edge between the front surface portion and the lateral flange groove, and a second edge between the lateral flange groove and the rear flange groove; wherein a distance to the front surface portion from a center of the hinge axis, a distance to a lateral flange groove from the center of the hinge axis, and a distance to the rear flange groove from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein a distance to the first edge from the center of the hinge axis and a distance to the second edge from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein the distance to the first edge from the center of the hinge axis and the distance to the second edge from the center of the hinge axis are greater than the distance to the front surface portion from a center of the hinge axis, the distance to the lateral flange groove from the center of the hinge axis, and the distance to the rear flange groove from the center of the hinge axis; and wherein, when the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded, the first and second edges act as resistance and cause elastic restoring force through elastic distortion deformation of the second extension portion and elastic restoring force through elastic deformation of an interval or an inclination angle between the first support and the second support. 2. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other in a right and left direction;
wherein the first extension portion and the first support are spaced apart from each other in an up and down direction; and wherein the first support and the hinge axis are spaced apart from each other in a forward and backward direction. 3. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other and are arranged in parallel to each other; and
wherein the second extension portion is a torsion bar providing elastic restraint or elastic restoring force against distortion between the first extension portion and the first support when the eyeglass temple is rotated. 4. The glasses of claim 3, wherein a first inclination angle is formed between the first extension portion and the first support on a plane;
wherein a second inclination angle is formed between the first support and the second support; and wherein elastic deformation between the first extension portion and the second extension portion, elastic deformation between the second extension portion and the first support, and elastic deformation between the first support and the second support are performed, and the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are temporally changed while the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded. 5. (canceled) 6. An eyeglass temple comprising:
a hinge axis disposed in an up and down direction; a first extension portion extending in one side direction from a lower end portion of the hinge axis; a second extension portion extending in an opposite direction to a direction in which the hinge axis extends from an end portion of the first extension portion; a first support connected to one end portion of the second extension portion and extending in a direction that crosses a direction in which the second extension portion extends; and a second support connected to the first support in a bending form and extending in a backward direction compared with the first support, wherein support through the hinge axis in a first region, support through the second extension portion and the first support in a second region, and support through the second support in a third region are performed, wherein a distance to the first support from a center of the hinge axis and a distance to the second support from the center of the hinge axis are the same; wherein a distance to a portion at which the first support and the second support are bent from the center of the hinge axis is greater than a distance to the first support from the center of the hinge axis and the distance to the second support from the center of the hinge axis; and wherein, when the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded, if the first support and the second support are caught by a predetermined flange resistance region, elastic restoring force through elastic distortion deformation of the second extension portion and elastic restoring force through elastic deformation of an interval or an inclination angle between the first support and the second support are caused. 7. The eyeglass temple of claim 6, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other in a right and left direction;
wherein the first extension portion and the first support are spaced apart from each other in an up and down direction; and wherein the first support and the hinge axis are spaced apart from each other in a forward and backward direction. 8. The eyeglass temple of claim 6, wherein the hinge axis and the second extension portion are spaced apart from each other and are arranged in parallel to each other; and
wherein the second extension portion is a torsion bar providing elastic restraint or elastic restoring force against distortion between the first extension portion and the first support when the eyeglass temple is rotated. 9. The eyeglass temple of claim 8, wherein a first inclination angle is formed between the first extension portion and the first support on a plane;
wherein a second inclination angle is formed between the first support and the second support; and wherein elastic deformation between the first extension portion and the second extension portion, elastic deformation between the second extension portion and the first support, and elastic deformation between the first support and the second support are performed, and the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are temporally changed while the eyeglass temple is folded or unfolded. 10. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,603 | 16,641,653 | 3,794 | Disclosed is a method and device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera. The method comprises: acquiring an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; recognizing an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; comparing the actual definition with a preset definition, the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity, and the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and adjusting an imaging focal length according to a comparison result, and completing regulation of the imaging accuracy. In this way, the method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera of the present invention can obtain an infrared speckle pattern having required imaging accuracy. Thus, the quality of a depth map formed by conversion from the infrared speckle pattern can be highly improved, which provides a high-quality data source for subsequent skeleton-based recognition and gesture recognition. | 1. A method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera, the method comprising:
S110: acquiring an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; S120. based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; S130: comparing the actual definition with a preset definition; and when the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition, proceeding to step S140, or when the actual definition is inconsistent with the preset definition, adjusting an imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S130; S140: comparing the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity; and when the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity, proceeding to step S150, or when the actual speckle regularity is inconsistent with the preset speckle regularity, adjusting the imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S140; and S150: comparing the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and when the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness, completing regulation of the imaging accuracy of the motion-sensing camera, or when the actual central region brightness is inconsistent with the preset brightness, adjusting the imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S150. 2. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following step before step S110:
S101: configuring a light source unit, to emit infrared light to the target infrared scene, wherein the light source unit comprises at least one light source. 3. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein the light source comprises a structured light source. 4. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 5. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 6. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 7. A device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera, the motion-sensing camera comprising an infrared CMOS camera module, the regulating device comprising a recognition module, an infrared speckle definition module, an infrared speckle regularity module, an infrared speckle center brightness module, and an imaging accuracy regulating module, wherein
the infrared CMOS camera module is configured to acquire an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; the infrared speckle definition module is configured to compare the actual definition with a preset definition; and when the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition, send a definition matching signal to the infrared speckle regularity module, or when the actual definition is inconsistent with the preset definition, send a definition mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; the infrared speckle regularity module is configured to compare the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity; and when the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity, send a speckle regularity matching signal to the infrared speckle center brightness module, or when the actual speckle regularity is inconsistent with the preset speckle regularity, send a speckle regularity mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; the infrared speckle center brightness module is configured to compare the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and when the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness, complete regulation of the imaging accuracy of the infrared CMOS camera module, or when the actual central region brightness is inconsistent with the preset brightness, send a brightness mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; and the imaging accuracy regulating module is configured to adjust an imaging focal length of the infrared CMOS camera module according to the definition mismatching signal, the speckle regularity mismatching signal, and the brightness mismatching signal. 8. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 7, wherein the motion-sensing camera also comprises an infrared emission module which comprises a light source unit, configured to emit infrared light to the target infrared scene, the light source unit comprising at least one light source. 9. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 7 wherein
the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the grey gradient as the actual definition;
the recognition module is configured to divide the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region, recognize a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and use the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; and
the recognition module is configured to select a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and
calculate a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness. 10. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 9, wherein
the infrared speckle definition module is configured to compare the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determine that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition; the infrared speckle regularity module is configured to compare the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determine that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity; and the infrared speckle center brightness module is configured to compare the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determine that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 11. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 12. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 13. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 14. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 15. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 16. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 17. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 8, wherein
the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the grey gradient as the actual definition; the recognition module is configured to divide the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region, recognize a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and use the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; and the recognition module is configured to select a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and calculate a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness. | Disclosed is a method and device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera. The method comprises: acquiring an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; recognizing an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; comparing the actual definition with a preset definition, the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity, and the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and adjusting an imaging focal length according to a comparison result, and completing regulation of the imaging accuracy. In this way, the method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera of the present invention can obtain an infrared speckle pattern having required imaging accuracy. Thus, the quality of a depth map formed by conversion from the infrared speckle pattern can be highly improved, which provides a high-quality data source for subsequent skeleton-based recognition and gesture recognition.1. A method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera, the method comprising:
S110: acquiring an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; S120. based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; S130: comparing the actual definition with a preset definition; and when the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition, proceeding to step S140, or when the actual definition is inconsistent with the preset definition, adjusting an imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S130; S140: comparing the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity; and when the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity, proceeding to step S150, or when the actual speckle regularity is inconsistent with the preset speckle regularity, adjusting the imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S140; and S150: comparing the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and when the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness, completing regulation of the imaging accuracy of the motion-sensing camera, or when the actual central region brightness is inconsistent with the preset brightness, adjusting the imaging focal length of the motion-sensing camera and repeating steps S110 to S150. 2. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following step before step S110:
S101: configuring a light source unit, to emit infrared light to the target infrared scene, wherein the light source unit comprises at least one light source. 3. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein the light source comprises a structured light source. 4. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 5. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 6. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 7. A device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera, the motion-sensing camera comprising an infrared CMOS camera module, the regulating device comprising a recognition module, an infrared speckle definition module, an infrared speckle regularity module, an infrared speckle center brightness module, and an imaging accuracy regulating module, wherein
the infrared CMOS camera module is configured to acquire an infrared speckle pattern in a target infrared scene; the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an actual definition, an actual speckle regularity, and an actual central region brightness of the infrared speckle pattern; the infrared speckle definition module is configured to compare the actual definition with a preset definition; and when the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition, send a definition matching signal to the infrared speckle regularity module, or when the actual definition is inconsistent with the preset definition, send a definition mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; the infrared speckle regularity module is configured to compare the actual speckle regularity with a preset speckle regularity; and when the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity, send a speckle regularity matching signal to the infrared speckle center brightness module, or when the actual speckle regularity is inconsistent with the preset speckle regularity, send a speckle regularity mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; the infrared speckle center brightness module is configured to compare the actual central region brightness with a preset brightness; and when the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness, complete regulation of the imaging accuracy of the infrared CMOS camera module, or when the actual central region brightness is inconsistent with the preset brightness, send a brightness mismatching signal to the imaging accuracy regulating module; and the imaging accuracy regulating module is configured to adjust an imaging focal length of the infrared CMOS camera module according to the definition mismatching signal, the speckle regularity mismatching signal, and the brightness mismatching signal. 8. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 7, wherein the motion-sensing camera also comprises an infrared emission module which comprises a light source unit, configured to emit infrared light to the target infrared scene, the light source unit comprising at least one light source. 9. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 7 wherein
the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the grey gradient as the actual definition;
the recognition module is configured to divide the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region, recognize a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and use the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; and
the recognition module is configured to select a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and
calculate a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness. 10. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 9, wherein
the infrared speckle definition module is configured to compare the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determine that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition; the infrared speckle regularity module is configured to compare the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determine that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity; and the infrared speckle center brightness module is configured to compare the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determine that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 11. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 12. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognizing an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the grey gradient as the actual definition; step S130 comprises: comparing the edge grey gradient with a preset grey gradient, and when the edge grey gradient is consistent with the preset grey gradient, determining that the actual definition is consistent with the preset definition. 13. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 14. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: dividing the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region; and recognizing a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and using the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; step S140 comprises: comparing the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region with a preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, and when the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region is consistent with the preset speckle distribution and/or preset speckle shape, determining that the actual speckle regularity is consistent with the preset speckle regularity. 15. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 2, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 16. The method for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 3, wherein
step S120 comprises: selecting a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern; and calculating a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and using the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness; step S150 comprises: comparing the whole brightness average value with a preset regional brightness threshold, and when the whole brightness average value is consistent with the preset regional brightness threshold, determining that the actual central region brightness is consistent with the preset brightness. 17. The device for regulating imaging accuracy of a motion-sensing camera according to claim 8, wherein
the recognition module is configured to, based on the infrared speckle pattern, recognize an edge grey gradient of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the grey gradient as the actual definition; the recognition module is configured to divide the infrared speckle pattern into at least one target detection region, recognize a speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in each of the target detection region, and use the speckle distribution and/or speckle shape in the target detection region as the actual speckle regularity; and the recognition module is configured to select a predetermined range from a central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and calculate a whole brightness average value of the predetermined range in the central region of the infrared speckle pattern, and use the whole brightness average value as the actual central region brightness. | 3,700 |
338,604 | 16,641,655 | 3,794 | The invention relates to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device and a manufacturing method thereof. In the invention, a first retaining wall corresponding to a bending region is configured to include first retaining wall units spaced apart from each other, and a first buffer structure is formed in a gap provided between the first retaining wall units and is alternately connected to a left side and a right side of the first retaining wall units. This can prevent excessive stress concentration on the retaining wall in the bending region due to its special configuration, which causes a phenomenon of film layer detachment. Therefore, a failure of the OLED display device is prevented. | 1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device, comprising:
a substrate; a functional layer disposed on the substrate; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the functional layer; wherein the functional layer is provided with a first retaining wall and a second retaining wall spaced from each other; and wherein at least one section of the first retaining wall comprises first retaining wall units spaced from each other and a first buffer structure filled between the first retaining wall units. 2. The OLED display device according to claim 1, further comprising a bending region and a non-bending region defined by the OLED display device, wherein the first retaining wall in the bending region comprises the first retaining wall units spaced from each other and the first buffer structure filled between the first retaining wall units. 3. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein the first buffer structure is alternately connected to a left side and a right side of the first retaining wall units. 4. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a length of the first retaining wall units ranges from 10 to 50 μm. 5. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the first retaining wall units ranges from 10 to 50 μm. 6. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a constituent material of the first buffer structure comprises one or more of an acrylic organic material and an epoxy resin organic material. 7. The OLED display device according to claim 2, wherein the second retaining wall in the bending region comprises second retaining wall units spaced from each other and a second buffer structure filled between the second retaining wall units. 8. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer comprises:
a first inorganic layer disposed on the functional layer, and an outer edge of the first inorganic layer disposed on a side of the second retaining wall away from the first retaining wall; an organic layer disposed on the first inorganic layer, and an outer edge of the organic layer disposed on a side of the second retaining wall toward the first retaining wall; and a second inorganic layer disposed on the organic layer, and an outer edge of the second inorganic layer disposed on a side of an outer edge of the first inorganic layer away from the second retaining wall. 9. A method of manufacturing the OLED display device according to claim 1, comprising following steps:
Step S1, providing a substrate, and forming a functional layer on the substrate; Step S2, forming an encapsulation layer on the functional layer; wherein the Step S1 comprises forming a first retaining wall and a second retaining wall spaced from each other on the substrate, configuring at least a section of the first retaining wall to first retaining wall units spaced from each other, and filling a first buffer structure between the first retaining wall units adjacent to each other. 10. The method of manufacturing the OLED display device according to claim 9, wherein the first buffer structure is filled between the first retaining wall units adjacent to each other by an inkjet printing technique. | The invention relates to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device and a manufacturing method thereof. In the invention, a first retaining wall corresponding to a bending region is configured to include first retaining wall units spaced apart from each other, and a first buffer structure is formed in a gap provided between the first retaining wall units and is alternately connected to a left side and a right side of the first retaining wall units. This can prevent excessive stress concentration on the retaining wall in the bending region due to its special configuration, which causes a phenomenon of film layer detachment. Therefore, a failure of the OLED display device is prevented.1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device, comprising:
a substrate; a functional layer disposed on the substrate; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the functional layer; wherein the functional layer is provided with a first retaining wall and a second retaining wall spaced from each other; and wherein at least one section of the first retaining wall comprises first retaining wall units spaced from each other and a first buffer structure filled between the first retaining wall units. 2. The OLED display device according to claim 1, further comprising a bending region and a non-bending region defined by the OLED display device, wherein the first retaining wall in the bending region comprises the first retaining wall units spaced from each other and the first buffer structure filled between the first retaining wall units. 3. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein the first buffer structure is alternately connected to a left side and a right side of the first retaining wall units. 4. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a length of the first retaining wall units ranges from 10 to 50 μm. 5. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the first retaining wall units ranges from 10 to 50 μm. 6. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein a constituent material of the first buffer structure comprises one or more of an acrylic organic material and an epoxy resin organic material. 7. The OLED display device according to claim 2, wherein the second retaining wall in the bending region comprises second retaining wall units spaced from each other and a second buffer structure filled between the second retaining wall units. 8. The OLED display device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer comprises:
a first inorganic layer disposed on the functional layer, and an outer edge of the first inorganic layer disposed on a side of the second retaining wall away from the first retaining wall; an organic layer disposed on the first inorganic layer, and an outer edge of the organic layer disposed on a side of the second retaining wall toward the first retaining wall; and a second inorganic layer disposed on the organic layer, and an outer edge of the second inorganic layer disposed on a side of an outer edge of the first inorganic layer away from the second retaining wall. 9. A method of manufacturing the OLED display device according to claim 1, comprising following steps:
Step S1, providing a substrate, and forming a functional layer on the substrate; Step S2, forming an encapsulation layer on the functional layer; wherein the Step S1 comprises forming a first retaining wall and a second retaining wall spaced from each other on the substrate, configuring at least a section of the first retaining wall to first retaining wall units spaced from each other, and filling a first buffer structure between the first retaining wall units adjacent to each other. 10. The method of manufacturing the OLED display device according to claim 9, wherein the first buffer structure is filled between the first retaining wall units adjacent to each other by an inkjet printing technique. | 3,700 |
338,605 | 16,641,670 | 2,115 | The present invention achieves high speed safe response performance. A safety controller (100) includes a first voltage monitoring circuit (12) and a second voltage monitoring circuit (22). The first voltage monitoring circuit (12) is an AD converter which operates upon receiving electric power from a second electric power source (21) and which transmits, to a second MPU (20), a signal that gives notification of occurrence of an anomaly in a first voltage value. The second voltage monitoring circuit (22) is an AD converter which operates upon receiving electric power from a first electric power source (11) and which transmits, to a first MPU (10), a signal that gives notification of occurrence of an anomaly in a second voltage value. | 1. A safety controller comprising:
a first MPU and a second MPU connected to each other via a serial bus; a first electric power source and a second electric power source, connected via electric power supply lines to the first MPU and the second MPU, respectively, for supplying electric power to the first MPU and the second MPU, respectively; a first voltage monitoring circuit (1) electrically connected to an electric power supply line extending from the first electric power source to the first MPU, (2) connected to the second MPU via a signal line, (3) connected to the second electric power source via an electric power supply line, and (4) including a first AD converter that operates with use of operating electric power obtained from the second electric power source; and a second voltage monitoring circuit (1) electrically connected to an electric power supply line extending from the second electric power source to the second MPU, (2) connected to the first MPU via a signal line, (3) connected to the first electric power source via an electric power supply line, and (4) including a second AD converter that operates with use of operating electric power obtained from the first electric power source, the first MPU and the second MPU communicating with each other in conformity to an Ethernet protocol without via any Ether PHY while a buffer for creating a clock delay is provided in a clock line between the first MPU and the second MPU, the first voltage monitoring circuit (1) monitoring a first voltage value, which is a voltage of electric power supplied from the first electric power source to the first MPU, with use of a digital signal that indicates the first voltage value and is outputted by the first AD converter which has received an analogue signal that indicates the first voltage value, and (2) upon sensing an anomaly in the first voltage value, transmitting, to the second MPU, a signal that gives notification of occurrence of the anomaly, and the second voltage monitoring circuit (1) monitoring a second voltage value, which is a voltage of electric power supplied from the second electric power source to the second MPU, with use of a digital signal that indicates the second voltage value and is outputted by the second AD converter which has received an analogue signal that indicates the second voltage value, and (2) upon sensing an anomaly in the second voltage value, transmitting, to the first MPU, a signal that gives notification of occurrence of the anomaly. 2. A safety controller as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of displays; a display control substrate (i) including a serial-parallel conversion integrated circuit (IC) that receives a display control signal transmitted, in a form of a serial signal, from at least one of the first MPU and the second MPU, and (ii) configured to control a display of each of the plurality of displays with use of an output of the serial-parallel conversion IC; a first watchdog timer (WDT) configured to transmit a sensing signal upon sensing at least one of an anomaly and a reset of the first MPU; and a second WDT configured to transmit a sensing signal upon sensing at least one of an anomaly and a reset of the second MPU, the serial-parallel conversion IC having a reset state upon receiving the sensing signal from at least one of the first WDT and the second WDT. | The present invention achieves high speed safe response performance. A safety controller (100) includes a first voltage monitoring circuit (12) and a second voltage monitoring circuit (22). The first voltage monitoring circuit (12) is an AD converter which operates upon receiving electric power from a second electric power source (21) and which transmits, to a second MPU (20), a signal that gives notification of occurrence of an anomaly in a first voltage value. The second voltage monitoring circuit (22) is an AD converter which operates upon receiving electric power from a first electric power source (11) and which transmits, to a first MPU (10), a signal that gives notification of occurrence of an anomaly in a second voltage value.1. A safety controller comprising:
a first MPU and a second MPU connected to each other via a serial bus; a first electric power source and a second electric power source, connected via electric power supply lines to the first MPU and the second MPU, respectively, for supplying electric power to the first MPU and the second MPU, respectively; a first voltage monitoring circuit (1) electrically connected to an electric power supply line extending from the first electric power source to the first MPU, (2) connected to the second MPU via a signal line, (3) connected to the second electric power source via an electric power supply line, and (4) including a first AD converter that operates with use of operating electric power obtained from the second electric power source; and a second voltage monitoring circuit (1) electrically connected to an electric power supply line extending from the second electric power source to the second MPU, (2) connected to the first MPU via a signal line, (3) connected to the first electric power source via an electric power supply line, and (4) including a second AD converter that operates with use of operating electric power obtained from the first electric power source, the first MPU and the second MPU communicating with each other in conformity to an Ethernet protocol without via any Ether PHY while a buffer for creating a clock delay is provided in a clock line between the first MPU and the second MPU, the first voltage monitoring circuit (1) monitoring a first voltage value, which is a voltage of electric power supplied from the first electric power source to the first MPU, with use of a digital signal that indicates the first voltage value and is outputted by the first AD converter which has received an analogue signal that indicates the first voltage value, and (2) upon sensing an anomaly in the first voltage value, transmitting, to the second MPU, a signal that gives notification of occurrence of the anomaly, and the second voltage monitoring circuit (1) monitoring a second voltage value, which is a voltage of electric power supplied from the second electric power source to the second MPU, with use of a digital signal that indicates the second voltage value and is outputted by the second AD converter which has received an analogue signal that indicates the second voltage value, and (2) upon sensing an anomaly in the second voltage value, transmitting, to the first MPU, a signal that gives notification of occurrence of the anomaly. 2. A safety controller as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of displays; a display control substrate (i) including a serial-parallel conversion integrated circuit (IC) that receives a display control signal transmitted, in a form of a serial signal, from at least one of the first MPU and the second MPU, and (ii) configured to control a display of each of the plurality of displays with use of an output of the serial-parallel conversion IC; a first watchdog timer (WDT) configured to transmit a sensing signal upon sensing at least one of an anomaly and a reset of the first MPU; and a second WDT configured to transmit a sensing signal upon sensing at least one of an anomaly and a reset of the second MPU, the serial-parallel conversion IC having a reset state upon receiving the sensing signal from at least one of the first WDT and the second WDT. | 2,100 |
338,606 | 16,641,657 | 2,822 | The present application discloses a display panel, including an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a control chip, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is connected to a zero potential point of the control chip. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light-emitting layer; wherein the light-emitting layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the array layer close to the touch layer. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising a thin-film encapsulation layer, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer comprises a first inorganic layer, an organic layer, and a second inorganic layer;
the first inorganic layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and covers the light-emitting layer, the organic layer and the second inorganic layer are disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure, the organic layer is positioned between the electromagnetic shielding structure and the touch layer, and the second inorganic layer covers the organic layer and the electromagnetic shielding structure. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a barrier layer;
wherein the barrier layer is disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the electromagnetic shielding structure away from the touch layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, further comprising a base substrate;
wherein the base substrate is disposed on a side of the barrier layer away from the electromagnetic shielding structure. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer;
the second conductive layer extends to a periphery of the first conductive layer to connect with the first conductive layer to enclose an accommodation space, and the array layer is disposed in the accommodation space. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein materials of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are same, and the materials comprise aluminum, silver, copper, magnesium, a metal alloy, or indium tin oxide. 8. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is a hollow mesh structure. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein a mesh of the hollow mesh structure is square, rectangular, or rhombic. 10. A display panel, comprising:
an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising a light-emitting layer; wherein the light-emitting layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the array layer close to the touch layer. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising a thin-film encapsulation layer, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer comprises a first inorganic layer, an organic layer, and a second inorganic layer;
the first inorganic layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and covers the light-emitting layer, the organic layer and the second inorganic layer are disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure, the organic layer is positioned between the electromagnetic shielding structure and the touch layer, and the second inorganic layer covers the organic layer and the electromagnetic shielding structure. 13. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising a barrier layer;
wherein the barrier layer is disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the electromagnetic shielding structure away from the touch layer. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, further comprising a base substrate;
wherein the base substrate is disposed on a side of the barrier layer away from the electromagnetic shielding structure. 15. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer;
the second conductive layer extends to a periphery of the first conductive layer to connect with the first conductive layer to enclose an accommodation space, and the array layer is disposed in the accommodation space. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein materials of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are same, and the materials comprise aluminum, silver, copper, magnesium, a metal alloy, or indium tin oxide. 17. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is a hollow mesh structure. 18. The display panel according to claim 17, wherein a mesh of the hollow mesh structure is square, rectangular, or rhombic. | The present application discloses a display panel, including an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure.1. A display panel, comprising:
an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a control chip, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is connected to a zero potential point of the control chip. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light-emitting layer; wherein the light-emitting layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the array layer close to the touch layer. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising a thin-film encapsulation layer, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer comprises a first inorganic layer, an organic layer, and a second inorganic layer;
the first inorganic layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and covers the light-emitting layer, the organic layer and the second inorganic layer are disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure, the organic layer is positioned between the electromagnetic shielding structure and the touch layer, and the second inorganic layer covers the organic layer and the electromagnetic shielding structure. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a barrier layer;
wherein the barrier layer is disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the electromagnetic shielding structure away from the touch layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, further comprising a base substrate;
wherein the base substrate is disposed on a side of the barrier layer away from the electromagnetic shielding structure. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer;
the second conductive layer extends to a periphery of the first conductive layer to connect with the first conductive layer to enclose an accommodation space, and the array layer is disposed in the accommodation space. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein materials of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are same, and the materials comprise aluminum, silver, copper, magnesium, a metal alloy, or indium tin oxide. 8. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is a hollow mesh structure. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein a mesh of the hollow mesh structure is square, rectangular, or rhombic. 10. A display panel, comprising:
an electromagnetic shielding structure; an array layer disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure; and a touch layer disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and positioned on one side of the electromagnetic shielding structure. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising a light-emitting layer; wherein the light-emitting layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the array layer close to the touch layer. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising a thin-film encapsulation layer, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer comprises a first inorganic layer, an organic layer, and a second inorganic layer;
the first inorganic layer is disposed inside the electromagnetic shielding structure and covers the light-emitting layer, the organic layer and the second inorganic layer are disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure, the organic layer is positioned between the electromagnetic shielding structure and the touch layer, and the second inorganic layer covers the organic layer and the electromagnetic shielding structure. 13. The display panel according to claim 10, further comprising a barrier layer;
wherein the barrier layer is disposed outside the electromagnetic shielding structure and is positioned on a side of the electromagnetic shielding structure away from the touch layer. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, further comprising a base substrate;
wherein the base substrate is disposed on a side of the barrier layer away from the electromagnetic shielding structure. 15. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer;
the second conductive layer extends to a periphery of the first conductive layer to connect with the first conductive layer to enclose an accommodation space, and the array layer is disposed in the accommodation space. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein materials of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are same, and the materials comprise aluminum, silver, copper, magnesium, a metal alloy, or indium tin oxide. 17. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic shielding structure is a hollow mesh structure. 18. The display panel according to claim 17, wherein a mesh of the hollow mesh structure is square, rectangular, or rhombic. | 2,800 |
338,607 | 16,627,369 | 2,822 | A method and a device for securing a cache against side channel attacks are provided. An allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field is added to each cache entry in the present disclosure. Whenever an entry is allocated in the cache, the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is filled into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry. When accessing the cache, the cache entry can be hit only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field in the cache entry. If the cache entry to be replaced is invalid or its ALLOCATOR field is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor, then the existing entry in the cache is replaced directly; otherwise, the entire cache is emptied. | 1. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining an operation request for the cache, wherein each entry of the cache comprises an allocator identifier field ALLOCATOR; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating an entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy: filling the identifier of the software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocated entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy: hitting a cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is in invalid state, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the entire cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 2. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the identifier of the software domain in step 2) specifically refers to one or a combination of a current privilege level, a virtual machine identifier (ID), a process ID, and an in-process software domain partition ID. 3. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the step of not hitting the cache entry in step 3) further comprises: waiting for a predetermined number of T clock cycles, and then using data stored in the cache entry, and then changing the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor. 4. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the step of clearing the cache in step 4) comprises: if the cache employs a fully-associative method, then directly replacing the cache entry to be replaced; and if the cache employs a set-associative method, then invalidating the entire cache. 5. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) reading a unified hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G, and obtaining an operation request for the cache, wherein the cache entry comprises an allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating the entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: filling an identifier of a software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: hitting the cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is invalid, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 6. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining an operation request for the cache, and reading a hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB corresponding to the cache of the operation request; wherein an entry of the cache comprises an allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating the entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: filling an identifier of a software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: hitting the cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is invalid, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 7-9. (canceled) | A method and a device for securing a cache against side channel attacks are provided. An allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field is added to each cache entry in the present disclosure. Whenever an entry is allocated in the cache, the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is filled into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry. When accessing the cache, the cache entry can be hit only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field in the cache entry. If the cache entry to be replaced is invalid or its ALLOCATOR field is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor, then the existing entry in the cache is replaced directly; otherwise, the entire cache is emptied.1. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining an operation request for the cache, wherein each entry of the cache comprises an allocator identifier field ALLOCATOR; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating an entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy: filling the identifier of the software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocated entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy: hitting a cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is in invalid state, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the entire cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 2. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the identifier of the software domain in step 2) specifically refers to one or a combination of a current privilege level, a virtual machine identifier (ID), a process ID, and an in-process software domain partition ID. 3. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the step of not hitting the cache entry in step 3) further comprises: waiting for a predetermined number of T clock cycles, and then using data stored in the cache entry, and then changing the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor. 4. The method for securing the cache against the side channel attacks according to claim 1, wherein, the step of clearing the cache in step 4) comprises: if the cache employs a fully-associative method, then directly replacing the cache entry to be replaced; and if the cache employs a set-associative method, then invalidating the entire cache. 5. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) reading a unified hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G, and obtaining an operation request for the cache, wherein the cache entry comprises an allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating the entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: filling an identifier of a software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: hitting the cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_G is turned on: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is invalid, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 6. A method for securing a cache against side channel attacks, comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining an operation request for the cache, and reading a hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB corresponding to the cache of the operation request; wherein an entry of the cache comprises an allocator identifier ALLOCATOR field; when the operation request is to allocate an entry, skipping to perform step 2); when the operation request is to access an entry, skipping to perform step 3); and when the operation request is to replace an entry, skipping to perform step 4); 2) allocating the entry based on the operation request, and executing an allocation of a cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: filling an identifier of a software domain currently running on a processor into the ALLOCATOR field of the allocation entry; ending and exiting; 3) accessing the cache based on the operation request, and executing an access of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: hitting the cache entry only if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is identical to the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; not hitting the cache entry if the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor is different from the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry; ending and exiting; and 4) replacing the cache based on the operation request, and executing a replacement of the cache securing strategy if the hardware control bit SC_HARDEN_EN_TLB is turned on: replacing directly if the cache entry to be replaced is invalid, or the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is identical to the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; clearing the cache if the cache entry to be replaced is valid and the ALLOCATOR field of the cache entry to be replaced is different from the identifier of the software domain currently running on the processor; ending and exiting. 7-9. (canceled) | 2,800 |
338,608 | 16,618,751 | 2,822 | A process for direct synthesis of light olefins uses syngas as the feed raw material. This catalytic conversion process is conducted in a fixed bed or a moving bed using a composite catalyst containing components A and B (A+B). The active ingredient of catalyst A is metal oxide; and catalyst B is an oxide supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3 having hierarchical pores; the zeolite is one or more of CHA and AEI structures. The loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-5. The total selectivity of the light olefins comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane byproduct is less than 15%. | 1. A catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a composite catalyst composed of A+B; the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B are compounded by mechanical mixing method; the active ingredients of the catalyst component A are active metal oxides; the catalyst component B are supported zeolites; the carrier is at least one of porous Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3; the zeolite is at least one of CHA and AEI structures; the loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt; and the active metal oxide is at least one of MnO, MnCr2O4, MnAl2O4, MnZrO4, ZnO, ZnCr2O4, ZnAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and FeAl2O4. 2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein at least one of porous Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3 in the catalyst component B is used as the carrier; specific surface area is 30-250 m2/g; pore volume is 0.25-0.80 ml/g; through calculation according to the specific surface area, mesoporous specific surface area occupies 30-75% and macroporous specific surface area occupies 25-70%; and the zeolite is used as an active component and dispersed on the carrier by in situ growth or physical mixing mode. 3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein component A is at least one of MnO, MnCr2O4, MnAl2O4, MnZrO4, ZnAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and FeAl2O4. 4. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio between the active ingredient in the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B is within the range of 0.1-20. 5. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the active metal oxide is composed of crystals with a size of 5-30 nm, and a large amount of oxygen vacancies exist within a distance range of 0.3 nm from the surfaces of the crystals to the internal direction of the crystals, wherein the molar weight of oxygen atoms occupies a value less than 80% of the oxygen molar content in theoretical stoichiometric ratio. 6. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a dispersing agent is also added to the catalyst A; the dispersing agent is at least one of Al2O3, SiO2, Cr2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2; the active metal oxide is dispersed on the dispersing agent; and the content of the dispersing agent in the catalyst A is 0.05-90 wt %, and the balance is the active metal oxide. 7. A method for synthesis of light olefins directly from syngas, wherein syngas is used as raw material; the conversion process is conducted on a fixed bed or a moving bed; and the adopted catalyst is the catalyst of claim 1;
tpressure of the syngas is 0.5-10 MPa; reaction temperature is 300-600° C.; space velocity is 300-10000 h−1; and the ratio of syngas H2/CO for reaction is 0.2-3.5. 8. The catalyst according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio between the active ingredient in the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B is within the range of 0.3-5. 9. The catalyst according to claim 5, wherein the molar weight of oxygen atoms occupies a value of 10%-80% of the oxygen molar content in theoretical stoichiometric ratio. 10. The catalyst according to claim 5, wherein a surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 20-90%, wherein surface oxygen vacancy is a percentage of the molar weight of oxygen atoms over a stoichiometric molar weight of oxygen; and corresponding more preferably 40-90% and most preferably 50-90%. 11. The catalyst according to claim 10, wherein the surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 40-90%. 12. The catalyst according to claim 11, wherein the surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 50-90%. | A process for direct synthesis of light olefins uses syngas as the feed raw material. This catalytic conversion process is conducted in a fixed bed or a moving bed using a composite catalyst containing components A and B (A+B). The active ingredient of catalyst A is metal oxide; and catalyst B is an oxide supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3 having hierarchical pores; the zeolite is one or more of CHA and AEI structures. The loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-5. The total selectivity of the light olefins comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane byproduct is less than 15%.1. A catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a composite catalyst composed of A+B; the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B are compounded by mechanical mixing method; the active ingredients of the catalyst component A are active metal oxides; the catalyst component B are supported zeolites; the carrier is at least one of porous Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3; the zeolite is at least one of CHA and AEI structures; the loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt; and the active metal oxide is at least one of MnO, MnCr2O4, MnAl2O4, MnZrO4, ZnO, ZnCr2O4, ZnAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and FeAl2O4. 2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein at least one of porous Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO and Ga2O3 in the catalyst component B is used as the carrier; specific surface area is 30-250 m2/g; pore volume is 0.25-0.80 ml/g; through calculation according to the specific surface area, mesoporous specific surface area occupies 30-75% and macroporous specific surface area occupies 25-70%; and the zeolite is used as an active component and dispersed on the carrier by in situ growth or physical mixing mode. 3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein component A is at least one of MnO, MnCr2O4, MnAl2O4, MnZrO4, ZnAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and FeAl2O4. 4. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio between the active ingredient in the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B is within the range of 0.1-20. 5. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the active metal oxide is composed of crystals with a size of 5-30 nm, and a large amount of oxygen vacancies exist within a distance range of 0.3 nm from the surfaces of the crystals to the internal direction of the crystals, wherein the molar weight of oxygen atoms occupies a value less than 80% of the oxygen molar content in theoretical stoichiometric ratio. 6. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a dispersing agent is also added to the catalyst A; the dispersing agent is at least one of Al2O3, SiO2, Cr2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2; the active metal oxide is dispersed on the dispersing agent; and the content of the dispersing agent in the catalyst A is 0.05-90 wt %, and the balance is the active metal oxide. 7. A method for synthesis of light olefins directly from syngas, wherein syngas is used as raw material; the conversion process is conducted on a fixed bed or a moving bed; and the adopted catalyst is the catalyst of claim 1;
tpressure of the syngas is 0.5-10 MPa; reaction temperature is 300-600° C.; space velocity is 300-10000 h−1; and the ratio of syngas H2/CO for reaction is 0.2-3.5. 8. The catalyst according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio between the active ingredient in the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B is within the range of 0.3-5. 9. The catalyst according to claim 5, wherein the molar weight of oxygen atoms occupies a value of 10%-80% of the oxygen molar content in theoretical stoichiometric ratio. 10. The catalyst according to claim 5, wherein a surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 20-90%, wherein surface oxygen vacancy is a percentage of the molar weight of oxygen atoms over a stoichiometric molar weight of oxygen; and corresponding more preferably 40-90% and most preferably 50-90%. 11. The catalyst according to claim 10, wherein the surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 40-90%. 12. The catalyst according to claim 11, wherein the surface oxygen vacancy concentration is 50-90%. | 2,800 |
338,609 | 16,641,660 | 2,892 | The present application provides an array substrate and a manufacturing method of the same, the array substrate includes a display region, the display region includes a thin film transistor structure layer including a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material including one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La. | 1. An array substrate comprising a display region, wherein the display region comprises:
a thin film transistor structure layer comprising a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material comprising one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La. 2. The array substrate of claim 1 further comprises a non-display region surrounding the display region, the non-display region comprises a binding region and a fan out region disposed between the binding region and the display region, and the display region comprises a main display region and an auxiliary region disposed between the main display region and the fan out region; wherein the thin film transistor structure layer further comprises:
a substrate extending from the display region to the non-display region;
a barrier layer formed on the substrate and extending from the display region to the non-display region;
a buffer layer formed on the barrier layer and extending from the display region to the non-display region;
an active layer formed on the buffer layer of the main display region; and
a first insulating layer formed on the buffer layer, covering the active layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the gate electrode layer comprises a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer; and
the first gate electrode layer is formed on the first insulating layer;
a second insulating layer formed on the first insulating layer, covering the first gate electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the second gate electrode layer is formed on the second insulating layer; and
a third insulating layer formed on the second insulating layer, covering the second gate electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the source drain electrode layer comprises:
a first source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the main display region and penetrating through the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer to connect the active layer; and
a planarization layer formed on the third insulating layer, covering the source drain electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region. 3. The array substrate of claim 1, wherein a hole is disposed in the binding region, the hole penetrates through the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the planarization layer, the hole comprises a bottom surface, the bottom surface attaches the substrate. 4. The array substrate of claim 2, wherein the first gate electrode layer comprises:
a first metal section disposed in the main display region and corresponding to the active layer; and a second metal section extending from the fan out region to the binding region and covering an inside surface of the hole; the second gate electrode layer comprises: a third metal section disposed in the main display region and corresponding to the active layer; a fourth metal section disposed on the second insulating layer of the auxiliary region; and a fifth metal section disposed on second insulating layer of the fan out region, wherein a projection shape of the second gate electrode layer projected on the substrate is a mesh structure, the mesh structure comprises a plurality of hollow out areas and a wirings area surrounding the plurality of the hollow out areas. 5. The array substrate of claim 2, wherein the source drain electrode layer further comprises:
a second source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the auxiliary region, penetrating through the third insulating layer to correspondingly connect to the fourth metal section; a third source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the fan out region, wherein the third source drain electrode layer is connected to the second metal section and the fifth metal section of the fan out region. 6. The array substrate of claim 3 further comprises:
an anode layer formed on the planarization layer of the main display region, penetrating through the planarization layer, and connected to the first source drain electrode layer;
a pixel defining layer formed on the planarization layer, covering the anode layer, and extending to the non-display region, a light emitting hole is disposed in the pixel defining layer and corresponds to the anode layer, the light emitting hole comprises a bottom surface, the bottom surface is defined at one side of the anode layer far away from the planarization layer; and
an organic layer filled into the hole, wherein one side of the organic layer far away from the hole is aligned over one side of the third insulating layer near the planarization layer. 7. A manufacturing method of an array substrate, wherein the array substrate comprises a display region, and further comprises a non-display region surrounding the display region, the non-display region comprises a binding region and a fan out region disposed between the binding region and the display region, the display region comprises a main display region and an auxiliary region disposed between the main display region and the fan out region, the fan out region is disposed between the display region and the binding region, wherein the method comprises:
a step S1) of forming a thin film transistor structure layer, wherein the thin film transistor structure layer comprising a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material comprising one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La. 8. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 7, wherein in the step S1), a manufacturing process of the thin film transistor structure layer comprises:
a step S101) of providing a substrate; a step S102) of depositing a barrier layer on the barrier layer; a step S103) of depositing a buffer layer on the barrier layer; a step S104) of depositing a first insulating layer on the buffer layer of the main display region, wherein the first insulating layer covers the active layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S105) of forming a first gate electrode layer on the first insulating layer; a step S106) of depositing a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer covers the first gate electrode layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S107) of forming a second gate electrode layer on the second insulating layer; a step S108) of depositing a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer, wherein the third insulating layer covers the second gate electrode layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S109) of employing a hole etching process to the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer, a layer of a first source drain electrode layer is formed on the third insulating layer of the main display region, the first source drain electrode layer penetrates through the hole disposed in the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer to connect to the active layer; a step S110) of forming a planarization layer on the third insulating layer and extending to the non-display region, wherein the planarization layer covers the source drain electrode layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 8 further comprises:
a step S2) of disposing a through hole in the planarization layer corresponding to the first source drain electrode layer, and depositing an anode layer on the planarization layer, wherein the anode layer is connected to the first source drain electrode layer by the through hole;
a step S3) of depositing a pixel defining layer on the planarization layer, wherein the pixel defining layer covers the anode layer;
a step S4) of disposing a light emitting hole in the pixel defining layer corresponding to a region of the anode layer, wherein a bottom surface of the light emitting hole is totally on the anode layer. 10. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 9, wherein in the step S109), further comprises: etching the binding region to form a hole, wherein the hole penetrates through the first insulating layer, the buffer layer, and the barrier layer to make a bottom surface of the hole attach the substrate, and an organic matter is filled into the hole to form an organic layer, wherein one side of the organic layer far away from the hole is aligned over one side of the third insulating layer near the planarization layer
wherein in the step S105), a manufacturing process of the first gate electrode layer comprises: forming a first metal section on the first insulating layer of the main display region, wherein the first metal section corresponds to the active layer; and forming a second metal section on the first insulating layer from the fan out region to the binding region, wherein the second metal section covers an inside surface of the hole from the first insulating layer; and wherein in the step S107), a manufacturing process of the second gate electrode layer comprises: forming a third metal section on the second insulating layer of the display region, wherein the third metal section corresponds to the first metal section; forming a fourth metal section on the second insulating layer of the auxiliary region; and forming a fifth metal section on the second insulating layer of the fan out region. | The present application provides an array substrate and a manufacturing method of the same, the array substrate includes a display region, the display region includes a thin film transistor structure layer including a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material including one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La.1. An array substrate comprising a display region, wherein the display region comprises:
a thin film transistor structure layer comprising a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material comprising one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La. 2. The array substrate of claim 1 further comprises a non-display region surrounding the display region, the non-display region comprises a binding region and a fan out region disposed between the binding region and the display region, and the display region comprises a main display region and an auxiliary region disposed between the main display region and the fan out region; wherein the thin film transistor structure layer further comprises:
a substrate extending from the display region to the non-display region;
a barrier layer formed on the substrate and extending from the display region to the non-display region;
a buffer layer formed on the barrier layer and extending from the display region to the non-display region;
an active layer formed on the buffer layer of the main display region; and
a first insulating layer formed on the buffer layer, covering the active layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the gate electrode layer comprises a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer; and
the first gate electrode layer is formed on the first insulating layer;
a second insulating layer formed on the first insulating layer, covering the first gate electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the second gate electrode layer is formed on the second insulating layer; and
a third insulating layer formed on the second insulating layer, covering the second gate electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region;
wherein the source drain electrode layer comprises:
a first source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the main display region and penetrating through the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer to connect the active layer; and
a planarization layer formed on the third insulating layer, covering the source drain electrode layer, and extending to the non-display region. 3. The array substrate of claim 1, wherein a hole is disposed in the binding region, the hole penetrates through the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the planarization layer, the hole comprises a bottom surface, the bottom surface attaches the substrate. 4. The array substrate of claim 2, wherein the first gate electrode layer comprises:
a first metal section disposed in the main display region and corresponding to the active layer; and a second metal section extending from the fan out region to the binding region and covering an inside surface of the hole; the second gate electrode layer comprises: a third metal section disposed in the main display region and corresponding to the active layer; a fourth metal section disposed on the second insulating layer of the auxiliary region; and a fifth metal section disposed on second insulating layer of the fan out region, wherein a projection shape of the second gate electrode layer projected on the substrate is a mesh structure, the mesh structure comprises a plurality of hollow out areas and a wirings area surrounding the plurality of the hollow out areas. 5. The array substrate of claim 2, wherein the source drain electrode layer further comprises:
a second source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the auxiliary region, penetrating through the third insulating layer to correspondingly connect to the fourth metal section; a third source drain electrode layer formed on the third insulating layer of the fan out region, wherein the third source drain electrode layer is connected to the second metal section and the fifth metal section of the fan out region. 6. The array substrate of claim 3 further comprises:
an anode layer formed on the planarization layer of the main display region, penetrating through the planarization layer, and connected to the first source drain electrode layer;
a pixel defining layer formed on the planarization layer, covering the anode layer, and extending to the non-display region, a light emitting hole is disposed in the pixel defining layer and corresponds to the anode layer, the light emitting hole comprises a bottom surface, the bottom surface is defined at one side of the anode layer far away from the planarization layer; and
an organic layer filled into the hole, wherein one side of the organic layer far away from the hole is aligned over one side of the third insulating layer near the planarization layer. 7. A manufacturing method of an array substrate, wherein the array substrate comprises a display region, and further comprises a non-display region surrounding the display region, the non-display region comprises a binding region and a fan out region disposed between the binding region and the display region, the display region comprises a main display region and an auxiliary region disposed between the main display region and the fan out region, the fan out region is disposed between the display region and the binding region, wherein the method comprises:
a step S1) of forming a thin film transistor structure layer, wherein the thin film transistor structure layer comprising a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, wherein the gate electrode layer and the source drain electrode layer are made of an alloy material comprising one or a group selected from Al, Ge, Nd, Ta, Zr, Ni, or La. 8. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 7, wherein in the step S1), a manufacturing process of the thin film transistor structure layer comprises:
a step S101) of providing a substrate; a step S102) of depositing a barrier layer on the barrier layer; a step S103) of depositing a buffer layer on the barrier layer; a step S104) of depositing a first insulating layer on the buffer layer of the main display region, wherein the first insulating layer covers the active layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S105) of forming a first gate electrode layer on the first insulating layer; a step S106) of depositing a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer covers the first gate electrode layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S107) of forming a second gate electrode layer on the second insulating layer; a step S108) of depositing a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer, wherein the third insulating layer covers the second gate electrode layer and extends to the non-display region; a step S109) of employing a hole etching process to the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer, a layer of a first source drain electrode layer is formed on the third insulating layer of the main display region, the first source drain electrode layer penetrates through the hole disposed in the third insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer to connect to the active layer; a step S110) of forming a planarization layer on the third insulating layer and extending to the non-display region, wherein the planarization layer covers the source drain electrode layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 8 further comprises:
a step S2) of disposing a through hole in the planarization layer corresponding to the first source drain electrode layer, and depositing an anode layer on the planarization layer, wherein the anode layer is connected to the first source drain electrode layer by the through hole;
a step S3) of depositing a pixel defining layer on the planarization layer, wherein the pixel defining layer covers the anode layer;
a step S4) of disposing a light emitting hole in the pixel defining layer corresponding to a region of the anode layer, wherein a bottom surface of the light emitting hole is totally on the anode layer. 10. The manufacturing method of the array substrate of claim 9, wherein in the step S109), further comprises: etching the binding region to form a hole, wherein the hole penetrates through the first insulating layer, the buffer layer, and the barrier layer to make a bottom surface of the hole attach the substrate, and an organic matter is filled into the hole to form an organic layer, wherein one side of the organic layer far away from the hole is aligned over one side of the third insulating layer near the planarization layer
wherein in the step S105), a manufacturing process of the first gate electrode layer comprises: forming a first metal section on the first insulating layer of the main display region, wherein the first metal section corresponds to the active layer; and forming a second metal section on the first insulating layer from the fan out region to the binding region, wherein the second metal section covers an inside surface of the hole from the first insulating layer; and wherein in the step S107), a manufacturing process of the second gate electrode layer comprises: forming a third metal section on the second insulating layer of the display region, wherein the third metal section corresponds to the first metal section; forming a fourth metal section on the second insulating layer of the auxiliary region; and forming a fifth metal section on the second insulating layer of the fan out region. | 2,800 |
338,610 | 16,486,862 | 2,892 | A CD20-targeted antibody coupling pharmaceutical preparation, specifically a preparation comprising a CD20-targeted antibody coupling medication represented by formula I and an excipient. The antibody coupling pharmaceutical preparation has prominent antitumor effect. | 1. An antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation, wherein the preparation comprises:
(a) antibody-drug conjugates with a structure as shown in formula I:
mAb-(L-D)n I
wherein,
mAb represents a recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which is rituximab or a biosimilar thereof;
D represents a small molecule toxin, which is one or more monomethyl auristatin;
L is a linker connecting the antibody and the small molecule toxin;
n is the average number of the small molecule toxins conjugated to the antibody;
and n is an integer or non-integer of 4.2±1; and
“—” is a bond; and
(b) a carrier or excipient. 2. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein D is monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE), monomethyl auristatin-D (MMAD), monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF), or a combination thereof. 3. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein L is maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl. 4. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the structure of the antibody-drug conjugate is shown as the following formula: 5. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is an injection. 6. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is a solution or a lyophilized agent. 7. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the carrier or excipient is selected from the group consisting of a pH buffer, an osmotic pressure regulator, a lyophilized powder excipient, a protein protecting agent, a solubilizer, and water for injection. 8. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation method for the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the following steps:
(1) performing a reduction reaction between the recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and a reducing agent, thereby obtaining a reaction system comprising a reduced recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; and the molar ratio of the monoclonal antibody to the reducing agent is 1:2.9 to 1:3.1; and (2) performing a coupling reaction between the reaction system of step (1) and a solution of a small molecule toxin in acetonitrile and water to form the antibody-drug conjugates according to claim 1; and the molar ratio of the monoclonal antibody in step (1) to the small molecule toxin is 1:7.0 to 1:8.0. 9. Use of the antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 for preparing anti-tumor drugs. 10. A non-therapeutic method for inhibiting tumor cells, wherein the method comprises the step of adding the antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 to a tumor cell-containing system. | A CD20-targeted antibody coupling pharmaceutical preparation, specifically a preparation comprising a CD20-targeted antibody coupling medication represented by formula I and an excipient. The antibody coupling pharmaceutical preparation has prominent antitumor effect.1. An antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation, wherein the preparation comprises:
(a) antibody-drug conjugates with a structure as shown in formula I:
mAb-(L-D)n I
wherein,
mAb represents a recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which is rituximab or a biosimilar thereof;
D represents a small molecule toxin, which is one or more monomethyl auristatin;
L is a linker connecting the antibody and the small molecule toxin;
n is the average number of the small molecule toxins conjugated to the antibody;
and n is an integer or non-integer of 4.2±1; and
“—” is a bond; and
(b) a carrier or excipient. 2. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein D is monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE), monomethyl auristatin-D (MMAD), monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF), or a combination thereof. 3. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein L is maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl. 4. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the structure of the antibody-drug conjugate is shown as the following formula: 5. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is an injection. 6. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is a solution or a lyophilized agent. 7. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the carrier or excipient is selected from the group consisting of a pH buffer, an osmotic pressure regulator, a lyophilized powder excipient, a protein protecting agent, a solubilizer, and water for injection. 8. The antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation method for the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the following steps:
(1) performing a reduction reaction between the recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and a reducing agent, thereby obtaining a reaction system comprising a reduced recombinant anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; and the molar ratio of the monoclonal antibody to the reducing agent is 1:2.9 to 1:3.1; and (2) performing a coupling reaction between the reaction system of step (1) and a solution of a small molecule toxin in acetonitrile and water to form the antibody-drug conjugates according to claim 1; and the molar ratio of the monoclonal antibody in step (1) to the small molecule toxin is 1:7.0 to 1:8.0. 9. Use of the antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 for preparing anti-tumor drugs. 10. A non-therapeutic method for inhibiting tumor cells, wherein the method comprises the step of adding the antibody-drug conjugate pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 to a tumor cell-containing system. | 2,800 |
338,611 | 16,641,666 | 2,892 | An aqueous polymer composition comprising a multiethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monohydrazide and a keto-functionalized polymer, and an aqueous coating composition comprising such aqueous polymer composition and providing coatings with improved water resistance and alcohol resistance without compromising early block resistance. | 1. An aqueous polymer composition, comprising:
a polymer comprising structural units of a keto-containing (meth)acrylamide; and a multiethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C5-C36 carboxylic acid monohydrazide. 2. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide has the structure of formula (I) or (II), 3. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide is a monohydrazide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of eleostearic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and stearidonic acid. 4. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide is present, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.1% to 10% by weight. 5. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.1% to 20% by weight of structural units of the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide. 6. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide is selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, and diacetone ethacrylamide. 7. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer has a glass transition temperature of from −30° C. to 40° C. 8. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a multistage polymer comprising:
a polymer (i) comprising: structural units of a multiethylenically unsaturated monomer, structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer, present in an amount of from 0 to 10% by weight of the polymer (i), and structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer; and a polymer (ii) comprising: structural units of the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide, structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer, present in an amount of from 5% to 15% by weight of the polymer (ii), and structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer. 9. Use of a multiethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C5-C36 carboxylic acid monohydrazide as a crosslinker in an aqueous coating composition comprising a polymer, wherein the polymer comprises structural units of a keto-containing (meth)acrylamide. 10. An aqueous coating composition comprising the aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a coalescent, a wetting agent, a thickener, a defoamer, a matting agent, a pigment, and an extender. 11. The aqueous coating composition of claim 10 having a pigment volume concentration of from 0 to 40%. | An aqueous polymer composition comprising a multiethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monohydrazide and a keto-functionalized polymer, and an aqueous coating composition comprising such aqueous polymer composition and providing coatings with improved water resistance and alcohol resistance without compromising early block resistance.1. An aqueous polymer composition, comprising:
a polymer comprising structural units of a keto-containing (meth)acrylamide; and a multiethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C5-C36 carboxylic acid monohydrazide. 2. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide has the structure of formula (I) or (II), 3. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide is a monohydrazide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of eleostearic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and stearidonic acid. 4. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid monohydrazide is present, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.1% to 10% by weight. 5. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises, based on the weight of the polymer, from 0.1% to 20% by weight of structural units of the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide. 6. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide is selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, and diacetone ethacrylamide. 7. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer has a glass transition temperature of from −30° C. to 40° C. 8. The aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a multistage polymer comprising:
a polymer (i) comprising: structural units of a multiethylenically unsaturated monomer, structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer, present in an amount of from 0 to 10% by weight of the polymer (i), and structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer; and a polymer (ii) comprising: structural units of the keto-containing (meth)acrylamide, structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer, present in an amount of from 5% to 15% by weight of the polymer (ii), and structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer. 9. Use of a multiethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C5-C36 carboxylic acid monohydrazide as a crosslinker in an aqueous coating composition comprising a polymer, wherein the polymer comprises structural units of a keto-containing (meth)acrylamide. 10. An aqueous coating composition comprising the aqueous polymer composition of claim 1, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a coalescent, a wetting agent, a thickener, a defoamer, a matting agent, a pigment, and an extender. 11. The aqueous coating composition of claim 10 having a pigment volume concentration of from 0 to 40%. | 2,800 |
338,612 | 16,641,678 | 2,696 | An image-capturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a camera, a lighting section, a sensor section, and an image-shooting controller. The lighting section includes a light entrance that at least a portion of external light enters, and an object for calibration that is irradiated with the external light entering the light entrance. The sensor section detects a state of the object for calibration irradiated with the external light. The image-shooting controller controls the camera according to a result of the detection performed by the sensor section. | 1. An image-capturing apparatus comprising:
a camera; a lighting section that includes a light entrance that at least a portion of external light enters, and an object for calibration that is irradiated with the external light entering the light entrance; a sensor section that detects a state of the object for calibration irradiated with the external light; and an image-shooting controller that controls the camera according to a result of the detection performed by the sensor section. 2. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the external light includes illumination light that is emitted from a light source that illuminates an image-shooting range of the camera. 3. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a change section that is capable of changing an image-shooting direction of the camera, wherein
according to the image-shooting direction changed by the change section, the sensor section variably sets, with respect to the object for calibration, a detection region that is a detection target. 4. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the change section rotates the camera about a specified axis, the object for calibration is arranged to surround the specified axis, and the sensor section includes a sensor that is rotatable about the specified axis, and rotates the sensor such that a rotational position of the sensor with respect to the specified axis substantially coincides with a rotational position of the camera with respect to the specified axis. 5. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the change section rotates the camera about a specified axis, the object for calibration is arranged to surround the specified axis, and the sensor section sets, to be the detection region, a region of the object for calibration depending on a rotational position of the camera with respect to the specified axis. 6. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the subject for calibration includes a tapered surface that is tilted in a direction away from the specified axis. 7. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor section includes a camera for detection that performs image-shooting on the object for calibration, and the image-shooting controller controls the camera using an image signal generated by the camera for detection. 8. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the image-shooting controller controls at least one of a white balance or an ISO speed of an image shot using the camera. 9. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a casing that includes an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein
the light entrance is provided to the upper portion of the casing. 10. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the casing includes a lateral portion, and the camera is provided to the lower portion or the lateral portion. 11. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the object for calibration includes a white plate. 12. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the external light includes sunlight. | An image-capturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a camera, a lighting section, a sensor section, and an image-shooting controller. The lighting section includes a light entrance that at least a portion of external light enters, and an object for calibration that is irradiated with the external light entering the light entrance. The sensor section detects a state of the object for calibration irradiated with the external light. The image-shooting controller controls the camera according to a result of the detection performed by the sensor section.1. An image-capturing apparatus comprising:
a camera; a lighting section that includes a light entrance that at least a portion of external light enters, and an object for calibration that is irradiated with the external light entering the light entrance; a sensor section that detects a state of the object for calibration irradiated with the external light; and an image-shooting controller that controls the camera according to a result of the detection performed by the sensor section. 2. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the external light includes illumination light that is emitted from a light source that illuminates an image-shooting range of the camera. 3. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a change section that is capable of changing an image-shooting direction of the camera, wherein
according to the image-shooting direction changed by the change section, the sensor section variably sets, with respect to the object for calibration, a detection region that is a detection target. 4. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the change section rotates the camera about a specified axis, the object for calibration is arranged to surround the specified axis, and the sensor section includes a sensor that is rotatable about the specified axis, and rotates the sensor such that a rotational position of the sensor with respect to the specified axis substantially coincides with a rotational position of the camera with respect to the specified axis. 5. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the change section rotates the camera about a specified axis, the object for calibration is arranged to surround the specified axis, and the sensor section sets, to be the detection region, a region of the object for calibration depending on a rotational position of the camera with respect to the specified axis. 6. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the subject for calibration includes a tapered surface that is tilted in a direction away from the specified axis. 7. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor section includes a camera for detection that performs image-shooting on the object for calibration, and the image-shooting controller controls the camera using an image signal generated by the camera for detection. 8. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the image-shooting controller controls at least one of a white balance or an ISO speed of an image shot using the camera. 9. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a casing that includes an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein
the light entrance is provided to the upper portion of the casing. 10. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the casing includes a lateral portion, and the camera is provided to the lower portion or the lateral portion. 11. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the object for calibration includes a white plate. 12. The image-capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the external light includes sunlight. | 2,600 |
338,613 | 16,641,685 | 2,846 | The present invention easily inhibits an influence of a dead time on voltage control without requiring a user to consider a specific usage condition or the like of each motor control device. A control circuit (10) controls a step-down converter circuit (40) to step down a DC voltage to be applied to an inverter circuit (60) so that a duty of a PWM signal becomes greater than a dead time (Td). | 1. A motor control device comprising:
an inverter circuit which drives a motor based on ON and OFF states of each of switching elements, the ON and OFF states being switched by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal; and a control circuit which is connected to the inverter circuit via a signal line, the control circuit supplying the PWM signal to the inverter circuit, the control circuit controlling a voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit such that a duty of the PWM signal becomes greater than a dead time which is predetermined for preventing short circuit caused due to the switching elements. 2. The motor control device as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a step-down converter circuit which is connected to the control circuit via a signal line and is connected to the inverter circuit via a power feed line, the step-down converter circuit applying a DC voltage to the inverter circuit, the control circuit (i) calculating a command voltage which is a voltage to be applied from the inverter circuit to the motor and (ii) controlling the step-down converter circuit to step down, in accordance with the command voltage, the voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit. 3. The motor control device as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
in a case where the command voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the control circuit controls the step-down converter circuit to step down, in accordance with the command voltage, the voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit. | The present invention easily inhibits an influence of a dead time on voltage control without requiring a user to consider a specific usage condition or the like of each motor control device. A control circuit (10) controls a step-down converter circuit (40) to step down a DC voltage to be applied to an inverter circuit (60) so that a duty of a PWM signal becomes greater than a dead time (Td).1. A motor control device comprising:
an inverter circuit which drives a motor based on ON and OFF states of each of switching elements, the ON and OFF states being switched by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal; and a control circuit which is connected to the inverter circuit via a signal line, the control circuit supplying the PWM signal to the inverter circuit, the control circuit controlling a voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit such that a duty of the PWM signal becomes greater than a dead time which is predetermined for preventing short circuit caused due to the switching elements. 2. The motor control device as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a step-down converter circuit which is connected to the control circuit via a signal line and is connected to the inverter circuit via a power feed line, the step-down converter circuit applying a DC voltage to the inverter circuit, the control circuit (i) calculating a command voltage which is a voltage to be applied from the inverter circuit to the motor and (ii) controlling the step-down converter circuit to step down, in accordance with the command voltage, the voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit. 3. The motor control device as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
in a case where the command voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the control circuit controls the step-down converter circuit to step down, in accordance with the command voltage, the voltage to be applied to the inverter circuit. | 2,800 |
338,614 | 16,641,676 | 2,846 | Lateral flow device pump housings and methods of making such housings are provided. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A lateral flow device pump housing comprising:
a base comprising a cavity for housing a pump, the pump comprising a compressed absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and a cup nested inside the cavity, wherein a cup side wall is attached to a pump housing side wall in the base. 22. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup exerts a pressure on the pump. 23. The housing of claim 22, wherein the pressure is:
a) at least about 1000 Newtons per square meter; b) between about 1000 Newtons per square meter and about 11,000 Newtons per square meter; c) between about 1800 Newtons per square meter and about 5000 Newtons per square meter; d) between about 2200 Newtons per square meter and about 4400 Newtons per square meter; e) about 1800 Newtons per square meter; f) about 2200 Newtons per square meter; or g) about 4400 Newtons per square meter. 24. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup side wall comprises a first set of ratchet teeth complementary to a second set of ratchet teeth in the pump housing side wall. 25. The housing of claim 21, wherein a bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing comprises a rib. 26. The housing of claim 25, wherein the rib is parallel to the longest dimension of the bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing. 27. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup comprises a length and a width substantially the same as a respective length and width of the pump. 28. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup and the base are formed from at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyester, and polycarbonate. 29. A lateral flow device pump housing comprising:
a base comprising a region for placing a pump, the pump comprising a compressed absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and a pump cover, wherein the cover is attached to the base with spring loaded hooks. 30. The housing of claim 29, wherein the cover exerts a pressure on the pump. 31. A lateral flow device comprising the housing of claim 21. 32. A method of making a lateral flow device pump housing, the method comprising;
providing a pump, a base comprising a cavity for housing the pump, and a cup nested inside the cavity, wherein the pump comprises a compressible absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and attaching a cup side wall to a pump housing side wall in the base while applying a pressure to the pump with the cup, thereby compressing the pump with the cup. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall by a method selected from the group consisting of heat welding, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, ultrasonication, and laser welding. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall with rivets or screws. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall by a complementary ratchet-like feature molded into the cup side wall and the pump housing side wall. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup comprises a length and a width substantially the same as a respective length and width of the pump. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein a bottom surface of the cup and/or the base comprises a rib. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the rib is parallel to the longest dimension of the bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup and the base are formed from at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyester, and polycarbonate. 40. A method of making a lateral flow device pump housing, the method comprising;
providing a pump, a base comprising a region for placing the pump, and a pump cover, wherein the pump comprises a compressible absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and attaching spring loaded hooks in the cover to the base while applying a pressure to the pump with the cover, thereby compressing the pump with the cover. | Lateral flow device pump housings and methods of making such housings are provided.1-20. (canceled) 21. A lateral flow device pump housing comprising:
a base comprising a cavity for housing a pump, the pump comprising a compressed absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and a cup nested inside the cavity, wherein a cup side wall is attached to a pump housing side wall in the base. 22. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup exerts a pressure on the pump. 23. The housing of claim 22, wherein the pressure is:
a) at least about 1000 Newtons per square meter; b) between about 1000 Newtons per square meter and about 11,000 Newtons per square meter; c) between about 1800 Newtons per square meter and about 5000 Newtons per square meter; d) between about 2200 Newtons per square meter and about 4400 Newtons per square meter; e) about 1800 Newtons per square meter; f) about 2200 Newtons per square meter; or g) about 4400 Newtons per square meter. 24. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup side wall comprises a first set of ratchet teeth complementary to a second set of ratchet teeth in the pump housing side wall. 25. The housing of claim 21, wherein a bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing comprises a rib. 26. The housing of claim 25, wherein the rib is parallel to the longest dimension of the bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing. 27. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup comprises a length and a width substantially the same as a respective length and width of the pump. 28. The housing of claim 21, wherein the cup and the base are formed from at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyester, and polycarbonate. 29. A lateral flow device pump housing comprising:
a base comprising a region for placing a pump, the pump comprising a compressed absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and a pump cover, wherein the cover is attached to the base with spring loaded hooks. 30. The housing of claim 29, wherein the cover exerts a pressure on the pump. 31. A lateral flow device comprising the housing of claim 21. 32. A method of making a lateral flow device pump housing, the method comprising;
providing a pump, a base comprising a cavity for housing the pump, and a cup nested inside the cavity, wherein the pump comprises a compressible absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and attaching a cup side wall to a pump housing side wall in the base while applying a pressure to the pump with the cup, thereby compressing the pump with the cup. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall by a method selected from the group consisting of heat welding, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, ultrasonication, and laser welding. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall with rivets or screws. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup side wall is attached to the pump housing side wall by a complementary ratchet-like feature molded into the cup side wall and the pump housing side wall. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup comprises a length and a width substantially the same as a respective length and width of the pump. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein a bottom surface of the cup and/or the base comprises a rib. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the rib is parallel to the longest dimension of the bottom surface of the cup and/or the pump housing. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the cup and the base are formed from at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyester, and polycarbonate. 40. A method of making a lateral flow device pump housing, the method comprising;
providing a pump, a base comprising a region for placing the pump, and a pump cover, wherein the pump comprises a compressible absorbent pad in contact with an end of a wicking pad; and attaching spring loaded hooks in the cover to the base while applying a pressure to the pump with the cover, thereby compressing the pump with the cover. | 2,800 |
338,615 | 16,641,654 | 3,746 | The present invention discloses a power head of a vertical reciprocating pump with multi-spherical connection, and a water injection pump using the same, which includes a hydraulic end, a centralizing sleeve, an adjustable ball seat, a circular pull-back plate, pull rods of the power head, and a hydraulic end, an integrated base and the alike. By using the structure with multiple movable spherical surfaces, the error of the oblique disk during its motion along the elliptic trajectory can be eliminated. The power end can be linked with hydraulic ends and can be applied to boosting water injection processes for feeding liquid at low pressure or feeding liquid at high pressure in oil fields and various high-pressure liquid delivery fields. The fast on-site installation of the water injection pump of the present invention can be realized by the integrated base, so as to save the investment and improve the safety factor. | 1. A power head of a vertical reciprocating pump with multi-spherical connection, comprising:
a machine body which is a vertical cylinder shape; an oblique plate which is connected to an output shaft of a power source and has a shaft portion and a planar cam portion which is beveled; a centralizing sleeve which is disposed below the planar cam portion of the oblique plate, a thrust ball bearing being disposed between opposite surfaces of the centralizing sleeve and the oblique plate; an adjustable ball seat which is slidingly disposed on a shaft portion of the oblique plate, and a bottom of which is provided with a reset spring capable of automatically resetting the adjustable ball seat; a pull-back plate which is disc shape and has a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the circumference, the pull-back plate being disposed below the centralizing sleeve through the adjustable ball seat, and the adjustable ball seat being in spherical sliding fit with the pull-back plate; pull rods, a number of which is the same as a number of plungers of hydraulic ends, each of the pull rods having a lower end connected to the plunger of each of the hydraulic ends of the reciprocating pump and an upper end arranged in the through hole on the pull-back plate, head portions of the pull rods being convex spherical surfaces capable of rotating and sliding, and opposite surfaces of the pull rods and the centralizing sleeve being linked by movable balls; wherein, the oblique plate, the centralizing sleeve, the adjustable ball seat, the pull-back plate and the pull rods are all disposed in the machine body, and an upper portion of the machine body is connected to a power source while a lower portion thereof is connected to the hydraulic end of the reciprocating pump; and, under rotation of the oblique plate, the pull-back plate is driven to swing up and down during its reciprocating motion by the thrust ball bearing, the centralizing sleeve and the movable balls, so that the pull rods and the plungers are driven to reciprocate up and down. 2. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises:
a positioning sleeve, which is sheathed outside the oblique plate and the centralizing sleeve, and a lower end of which is fixed to the pull-back plate; a planar bearing device, which is disposed on an outer slope of the planar cam portion of the oblique plate, and the planar bearing device comprises a synchronous-rotation bearing seat disposed on the outer slope, an upper bearing rail and a steel ball disposed on a holder between the bearing seat and the upper bearing rail; the upper bearing rail and an upper end of the positioning sleeve are fixed together, in this way, the pull-back plate and the oblique plate are fixed as a whole by the positioning sleeve; a gap pad disposed between the upper bearing rail and the positioning sleeve according to a requirement of an axial gap. 3. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein a sliding seat is disposed between the pull-back plate and each of the pull rods, and a concave spherical surface in sliding fit with the convex spherical head portion of the pull rod is formed on the sliding seat. 4. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein
the planar cam portion of the oblique plate is of a uniform-thickness structure, and a groove for accommodating the thrust ball bearing is formed on an inner slope of the planar cam portion; two ends of the shaft portion are positioned in an inner hole of the machine body and in an inner hole of the pump body at the hydraulic end, and an inner hole and an inner key, to which a output shaft of a motor is directly connected, are formed on the top of the shaft portion; and, upper and lower bearings are disposed on an outer diameter of the shaft portion. 5. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 4, wherein the centralizing sleeve is an annular ring having an upper plane and a lower plane;
a groove is formed on the upper plane for accommodating a lower seat of the thrust ball bearing; and, hemispherical surfaces is formed on the lower plane for accommodating the movable balls. 6. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein a convex spherical surface of the adjustable ball seat is in sliding fit with a spherical surface of the pull-back plate;
a number of self-rotating rollers are disposed on a lower end surface of the adjustable ball seat to form a planar bearing; accordingly, an inner hole in the center of the pull-back plate is configured as an inner sphere that is in fit with the convex spherical surface of the adjustable ball seat. 7. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein the convex spherical head portions of the pull rods are hemispheres, and hemispherical surfaces for accommodating the movable balls are formed on upper planes of the convex spherical head portions. 8. A water injection pump, wherein the water injection pump comprising:
a power head of claim 1; a hydraulic end integrally linked with the power head, the hydraulic end comprises; a pump body, in which plungers and combined valves each having a liquid feed valve and a liquid discharge valve integrated with each other are disposed according to a number of cylinders; an annular liquid feed cavity and an annular liquid discharge cavity are disposed at a lower central portion of the pump body; the annular liquid feed cavity is communicated with a suction port of each of the combined valves; the annular liquid discharge cavity is disposed below the annular liquid feed cavity and communicated with a liquid discharge port of each of the combined valves; a liquid feed flange and a liquid discharge flange, which are respectively connected to external feed and discharge manifolds, are arranged on an outer circle of the pump body; and an integrated base, by which the water injection pump is integrally mounted at a predetermined position. 9. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein
the feed manifold and the discharge manifold are connected to a water injection manifold on an edge of an oil well tree; the liquid feed flange is linked with a high-pressure pipeline gate valve in a low-pressure pipeline or water injection manifold through a gate valve, an elbow and a feed pipeline to serve as a low-in-high-out or high-in-high-out water feed source and an inlet for linking a water pump, respectively; and, the liquid discharge flange is connected to the high-pressure pipeline gate valve in the water injection manifold through a check valve, a high-pressure pipeline, an elbow and a high-pressure gate valve, so that high-pressure liquid pressurized in a low-in-high-out or high-in-high-out manner is injected into the water injection manifold. 10. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein the integrated base comprises a prefabricated concrete block, an embedded bolt and concrete dry powder slurry;
a bottom of the pump body is fixed with the prefabricated concrete block through the embedded bolt; the prefabricated concrete block is cylindrical, and a spiral groove is formed on an outer circle of the prefabricated concrete block. 11. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein the pull rods and the plungers are positioned and linked by clamps;
an outer circle of each of the pull rods is cylindrical and each of the pull rods is provided with a sliding sleeve mechanism having a guide effect. | The present invention discloses a power head of a vertical reciprocating pump with multi-spherical connection, and a water injection pump using the same, which includes a hydraulic end, a centralizing sleeve, an adjustable ball seat, a circular pull-back plate, pull rods of the power head, and a hydraulic end, an integrated base and the alike. By using the structure with multiple movable spherical surfaces, the error of the oblique disk during its motion along the elliptic trajectory can be eliminated. The power end can be linked with hydraulic ends and can be applied to boosting water injection processes for feeding liquid at low pressure or feeding liquid at high pressure in oil fields and various high-pressure liquid delivery fields. The fast on-site installation of the water injection pump of the present invention can be realized by the integrated base, so as to save the investment and improve the safety factor.1. A power head of a vertical reciprocating pump with multi-spherical connection, comprising:
a machine body which is a vertical cylinder shape; an oblique plate which is connected to an output shaft of a power source and has a shaft portion and a planar cam portion which is beveled; a centralizing sleeve which is disposed below the planar cam portion of the oblique plate, a thrust ball bearing being disposed between opposite surfaces of the centralizing sleeve and the oblique plate; an adjustable ball seat which is slidingly disposed on a shaft portion of the oblique plate, and a bottom of which is provided with a reset spring capable of automatically resetting the adjustable ball seat; a pull-back plate which is disc shape and has a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the circumference, the pull-back plate being disposed below the centralizing sleeve through the adjustable ball seat, and the adjustable ball seat being in spherical sliding fit with the pull-back plate; pull rods, a number of which is the same as a number of plungers of hydraulic ends, each of the pull rods having a lower end connected to the plunger of each of the hydraulic ends of the reciprocating pump and an upper end arranged in the through hole on the pull-back plate, head portions of the pull rods being convex spherical surfaces capable of rotating and sliding, and opposite surfaces of the pull rods and the centralizing sleeve being linked by movable balls; wherein, the oblique plate, the centralizing sleeve, the adjustable ball seat, the pull-back plate and the pull rods are all disposed in the machine body, and an upper portion of the machine body is connected to a power source while a lower portion thereof is connected to the hydraulic end of the reciprocating pump; and, under rotation of the oblique plate, the pull-back plate is driven to swing up and down during its reciprocating motion by the thrust ball bearing, the centralizing sleeve and the movable balls, so that the pull rods and the plungers are driven to reciprocate up and down. 2. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises:
a positioning sleeve, which is sheathed outside the oblique plate and the centralizing sleeve, and a lower end of which is fixed to the pull-back plate; a planar bearing device, which is disposed on an outer slope of the planar cam portion of the oblique plate, and the planar bearing device comprises a synchronous-rotation bearing seat disposed on the outer slope, an upper bearing rail and a steel ball disposed on a holder between the bearing seat and the upper bearing rail; the upper bearing rail and an upper end of the positioning sleeve are fixed together, in this way, the pull-back plate and the oblique plate are fixed as a whole by the positioning sleeve; a gap pad disposed between the upper bearing rail and the positioning sleeve according to a requirement of an axial gap. 3. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein a sliding seat is disposed between the pull-back plate and each of the pull rods, and a concave spherical surface in sliding fit with the convex spherical head portion of the pull rod is formed on the sliding seat. 4. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein
the planar cam portion of the oblique plate is of a uniform-thickness structure, and a groove for accommodating the thrust ball bearing is formed on an inner slope of the planar cam portion; two ends of the shaft portion are positioned in an inner hole of the machine body and in an inner hole of the pump body at the hydraulic end, and an inner hole and an inner key, to which a output shaft of a motor is directly connected, are formed on the top of the shaft portion; and, upper and lower bearings are disposed on an outer diameter of the shaft portion. 5. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 4, wherein the centralizing sleeve is an annular ring having an upper plane and a lower plane;
a groove is formed on the upper plane for accommodating a lower seat of the thrust ball bearing; and, hemispherical surfaces is formed on the lower plane for accommodating the movable balls. 6. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein a convex spherical surface of the adjustable ball seat is in sliding fit with a spherical surface of the pull-back plate;
a number of self-rotating rollers are disposed on a lower end surface of the adjustable ball seat to form a planar bearing; accordingly, an inner hole in the center of the pull-back plate is configured as an inner sphere that is in fit with the convex spherical surface of the adjustable ball seat. 7. The power head of a vertical reciprocating pump of claim 1, wherein the convex spherical head portions of the pull rods are hemispheres, and hemispherical surfaces for accommodating the movable balls are formed on upper planes of the convex spherical head portions. 8. A water injection pump, wherein the water injection pump comprising:
a power head of claim 1; a hydraulic end integrally linked with the power head, the hydraulic end comprises; a pump body, in which plungers and combined valves each having a liquid feed valve and a liquid discharge valve integrated with each other are disposed according to a number of cylinders; an annular liquid feed cavity and an annular liquid discharge cavity are disposed at a lower central portion of the pump body; the annular liquid feed cavity is communicated with a suction port of each of the combined valves; the annular liquid discharge cavity is disposed below the annular liquid feed cavity and communicated with a liquid discharge port of each of the combined valves; a liquid feed flange and a liquid discharge flange, which are respectively connected to external feed and discharge manifolds, are arranged on an outer circle of the pump body; and an integrated base, by which the water injection pump is integrally mounted at a predetermined position. 9. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein
the feed manifold and the discharge manifold are connected to a water injection manifold on an edge of an oil well tree; the liquid feed flange is linked with a high-pressure pipeline gate valve in a low-pressure pipeline or water injection manifold through a gate valve, an elbow and a feed pipeline to serve as a low-in-high-out or high-in-high-out water feed source and an inlet for linking a water pump, respectively; and, the liquid discharge flange is connected to the high-pressure pipeline gate valve in the water injection manifold through a check valve, a high-pressure pipeline, an elbow and a high-pressure gate valve, so that high-pressure liquid pressurized in a low-in-high-out or high-in-high-out manner is injected into the water injection manifold. 10. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein the integrated base comprises a prefabricated concrete block, an embedded bolt and concrete dry powder slurry;
a bottom of the pump body is fixed with the prefabricated concrete block through the embedded bolt; the prefabricated concrete block is cylindrical, and a spiral groove is formed on an outer circle of the prefabricated concrete block. 11. The water injection pump of claim 8, wherein the pull rods and the plungers are positioned and linked by clamps;
an outer circle of each of the pull rods is cylindrical and each of the pull rods is provided with a sliding sleeve mechanism having a guide effect. | 3,700 |
338,616 | 16,641,648 | 3,732 | The utility model relates to the elements for footwear decoration. A detachable shoe adornment comprises a decorative element (1) and an attachment element in the form of at least one flexible tongue (2) which is either an immediate extension of the decorative element or is connected with the decorative element at one end. Flexible tongue or tongues are affixed securely onto the inner surface of the shoe in a manner that the tongue is hidden inside the shoe while the decorative element remains outside. Flexible tongues are made of thin fabric, natural or artificial leather or silicone. A securing element in the form of a layer of adhesive material, a magnet, or a hook is arranged at the surface of the tongue directly in contact with the shoe surface. The tongue can also be in the form of a loop made of a thin elastic ribbon, which is put around the metatarsophalangeal area or the toes of the user's foot before the shoes are put on. | 1. A detachable shoe adornment comprising a decorative element and an attachment element in the form of at least one flexible tongue which is either an immediate extension of the decorative element or is connected with the decorative element, and which is to be inserted into the shoe, then affixed securely onto the inner surface of the shoe by means of a securing element at the surface of the tongue in contact with the surface of the shoe, in a manner that the tongue is hidden inside the shoe while the decorative element remains outside. 2. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the flexible tongue is made of thin fabric, natural or artificial leather or silicone. 3. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is in the form of a layer of adhesive material. 4. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is in the form of a fine plate or coating of magnet or magnetic metal. 5. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is a hook. 6. (canceled) | The utility model relates to the elements for footwear decoration. A detachable shoe adornment comprises a decorative element (1) and an attachment element in the form of at least one flexible tongue (2) which is either an immediate extension of the decorative element or is connected with the decorative element at one end. Flexible tongue or tongues are affixed securely onto the inner surface of the shoe in a manner that the tongue is hidden inside the shoe while the decorative element remains outside. Flexible tongues are made of thin fabric, natural or artificial leather or silicone. A securing element in the form of a layer of adhesive material, a magnet, or a hook is arranged at the surface of the tongue directly in contact with the shoe surface. The tongue can also be in the form of a loop made of a thin elastic ribbon, which is put around the metatarsophalangeal area or the toes of the user's foot before the shoes are put on.1. A detachable shoe adornment comprising a decorative element and an attachment element in the form of at least one flexible tongue which is either an immediate extension of the decorative element or is connected with the decorative element, and which is to be inserted into the shoe, then affixed securely onto the inner surface of the shoe by means of a securing element at the surface of the tongue in contact with the surface of the shoe, in a manner that the tongue is hidden inside the shoe while the decorative element remains outside. 2. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the flexible tongue is made of thin fabric, natural or artificial leather or silicone. 3. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is in the form of a layer of adhesive material. 4. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is in the form of a fine plate or coating of magnet or magnetic metal. 5. A detachable shoe adornment of claim 1, wherein the securing element on the tongue is a hook. 6. (canceled) | 3,700 |
338,617 | 16,641,650 | 3,711 | A training device comprises at least three cross-members (10) that are connected to each other by means of support columns (20) and said connection is provided by means of a pin (30). | 1. A training device comprising:
at least three cross-members with an opening at each end of the cross-member; at least four support columns connecting and supporting the cross-members; a pin provided for each support column in order to connect the cross-member or cross-members to the corresponding support column, characterized in that an end opening of the cross-member comprises a cylindrical protrusion with an end circumference, and an annular step formed on the cylindrical protrusion thereby forming the cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of one cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the another cross-member; the support column comprises a cross-wall, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the support column, with a cross-wall opening in the centre of the cross-wall in order to receive the pin; wherein the cross-wall opening of the support column has a cylindrical protrusion towards the longitudinal axis of the support column, wherein an annular step is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion, forming a cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the support column; wherein the pin comprises a head and a core with a free end, wherein at the free end of the core are sequentially arranged at least two annular snap-fitting beads formed so to pass through the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening and the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening in snap-fit manner creating a demountable snap-fit. 2. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut is formed in the core of the pin extending from the free end of the pin through the section of the core in the area where the annular snap-fitting beads are located. 3. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut of the pin at the free end of the pin comprises a cross-bar formed between two surfaces of the longitudinal cut connecting thereof. 4. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the cross-member a deepening is provided for receiving the support column, wherein at least three ribs are allocated along a circumference of a base of the deepening for mating with the circumference of the upper end of the support column. 5. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening forms the end opening with two different diameters, where the end opening of a smaller diameter is allocated towards the end circumference of the end opening and adapted for the free passage of the snap-fitting beads of the pin, but not for the head of the pin, wherein the end opening of a bigger diameter is adapted for receiving and supporting the head of the pin. 6. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening is conically narrowed towards the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion, so that, by pushing the pin with a snap-fitting beads through it, the demountable snap-fit is formed. 7. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column, there is a gap between the cross-member and the support column. 8. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member positioned below, there is a gap between the upper and lower cross-members. 9. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin are made of plastic. 10. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin each separately are made as a single-piece members. | A training device comprises at least three cross-members (10) that are connected to each other by means of support columns (20) and said connection is provided by means of a pin (30).1. A training device comprising:
at least three cross-members with an opening at each end of the cross-member; at least four support columns connecting and supporting the cross-members; a pin provided for each support column in order to connect the cross-member or cross-members to the corresponding support column, characterized in that an end opening of the cross-member comprises a cylindrical protrusion with an end circumference, and an annular step formed on the cylindrical protrusion thereby forming the cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of one cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the another cross-member; the support column comprises a cross-wall, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the support column, with a cross-wall opening in the centre of the cross-wall in order to receive the pin; wherein the cross-wall opening of the support column has a cylindrical protrusion towards the longitudinal axis of the support column, wherein an annular step is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion, forming a cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the support column; wherein the pin comprises a head and a core with a free end, wherein at the free end of the core are sequentially arranged at least two annular snap-fitting beads formed so to pass through the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening and the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening in snap-fit manner creating a demountable snap-fit. 2. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut is formed in the core of the pin extending from the free end of the pin through the section of the core in the area where the annular snap-fitting beads are located. 3. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut of the pin at the free end of the pin comprises a cross-bar formed between two surfaces of the longitudinal cut connecting thereof. 4. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the cross-member a deepening is provided for receiving the support column, wherein at least three ribs are allocated along a circumference of a base of the deepening for mating with the circumference of the upper end of the support column. 5. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening forms the end opening with two different diameters, where the end opening of a smaller diameter is allocated towards the end circumference of the end opening and adapted for the free passage of the snap-fitting beads of the pin, but not for the head of the pin, wherein the end opening of a bigger diameter is adapted for receiving and supporting the head of the pin. 6. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening is conically narrowed towards the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion, so that, by pushing the pin with a snap-fitting beads through it, the demountable snap-fit is formed. 7. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column, there is a gap between the cross-member and the support column. 8. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member positioned below, there is a gap between the upper and lower cross-members. 9. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin are made of plastic. 10. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin each separately are made as a single-piece members. | 3,700 |
338,618 | 62,980,850 | 3,711 | A training device comprises at least three cross-members (10) that are connected to each other by means of support columns (20) and said connection is provided by means of a pin (30). | 1. A training device comprising:
at least three cross-members with an opening at each end of the cross-member; at least four support columns connecting and supporting the cross-members; a pin provided for each support column in order to connect the cross-member or cross-members to the corresponding support column, characterized in that an end opening of the cross-member comprises a cylindrical protrusion with an end circumference, and an annular step formed on the cylindrical protrusion thereby forming the cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of one cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the another cross-member; the support column comprises a cross-wall, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the support column, with a cross-wall opening in the centre of the cross-wall in order to receive the pin; wherein the cross-wall opening of the support column has a cylindrical protrusion towards the longitudinal axis of the support column, wherein an annular step is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion, forming a cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the support column; wherein the pin comprises a head and a core with a free end, wherein at the free end of the core are sequentially arranged at least two annular snap-fitting beads formed so to pass through the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening and the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening in snap-fit manner creating a demountable snap-fit. 2. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut is formed in the core of the pin extending from the free end of the pin through the section of the core in the area where the annular snap-fitting beads are located. 3. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut of the pin at the free end of the pin comprises a cross-bar formed between two surfaces of the longitudinal cut connecting thereof. 4. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the cross-member a deepening is provided for receiving the support column, wherein at least three ribs are allocated along a circumference of a base of the deepening for mating with the circumference of the upper end of the support column. 5. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening forms the end opening with two different diameters, where the end opening of a smaller diameter is allocated towards the end circumference of the end opening and adapted for the free passage of the snap-fitting beads of the pin, but not for the head of the pin, wherein the end opening of a bigger diameter is adapted for receiving and supporting the head of the pin. 6. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening is conically narrowed towards the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion, so that, by pushing the pin with a snap-fitting beads through it, the demountable snap-fit is formed. 7. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column, there is a gap between the cross-member and the support column. 8. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member positioned below, there is a gap between the upper and lower cross-members. 9. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin are made of plastic. 10. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin each separately are made as a single-piece members. | A training device comprises at least three cross-members (10) that are connected to each other by means of support columns (20) and said connection is provided by means of a pin (30).1. A training device comprising:
at least three cross-members with an opening at each end of the cross-member; at least four support columns connecting and supporting the cross-members; a pin provided for each support column in order to connect the cross-member or cross-members to the corresponding support column, characterized in that an end opening of the cross-member comprises a cylindrical protrusion with an end circumference, and an annular step formed on the cylindrical protrusion thereby forming the cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of one cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the another cross-member; the support column comprises a cross-wall, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the support column, with a cross-wall opening in the centre of the cross-wall in order to receive the pin; wherein the cross-wall opening of the support column has a cylindrical protrusion towards the longitudinal axis of the support column, wherein an annular step is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion, forming a cylindrical protrusion with two different diameters, wherein the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening may be supported on the annular step of the support column; wherein the pin comprises a head and a core with a free end, wherein at the free end of the core are sequentially arranged at least two annular snap-fitting beads formed so to pass through the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening and the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening in snap-fit manner creating a demountable snap-fit. 2. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut is formed in the core of the pin extending from the free end of the pin through the section of the core in the area where the annular snap-fitting beads are located. 3. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal cut of the pin at the free end of the pin comprises a cross-bar formed between two surfaces of the longitudinal cut connecting thereof. 4. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the cross-member a deepening is provided for receiving the support column, wherein at least three ribs are allocated along a circumference of a base of the deepening for mating with the circumference of the upper end of the support column. 5. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening forms the end opening with two different diameters, where the end opening of a smaller diameter is allocated towards the end circumference of the end opening and adapted for the free passage of the snap-fitting beads of the pin, but not for the head of the pin, wherein the end opening of a bigger diameter is adapted for receiving and supporting the head of the pin. 6. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column cross-wall opening is conically narrowed towards the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion, so that, by pushing the pin with a snap-fitting beads through it, the demountable snap-fit is formed. 7. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the support column, there is a gap between the cross-member and the support column. 8. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end circumference of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member end opening is protruded to such a distance, that in assembled state, when the end circumference is supported on the annular step of the cylindrical protrusion of the cross-member positioned below, there is a gap between the upper and lower cross-members. 9. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin are made of plastic. 10. The training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member, the support column and the pin each separately are made as a single-piece members. | 3,700 |
338,619 | 16,641,656 | 3,711 | The present application discloses a mobile terminal having a shared radio frequency antenna, comprising a PCB; the PCB is provided thereon with a distance sensing module, a radio frequency module, a filtering module for preventing a signal, that is not needed by the operation of the distance sensing module, from passing, and a radio frequency antenna module for generating a resonance frequency that is needed by the operation of the distance sensing module and a resonance frequency that is needed by the operation of the radio frequency module; the distance sensing module is connected to the radio frequency antenna module by means of the filtering module; and the radio frequency antenna module is further connected to the radio frequency module. | 1. A mobile terminal with a shared radio frequency (RF) antenna, the mobile terminal comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a distance sensing module, configured to perform a distance sensing operation;
a radio frequency (RF) module, configured to perform an RF transceiving operation;
a filter module, configured to filter out a unwanted portion of an input signal of the distance sensing module; and
an RF antenna module, electrically connected to the RF distance sensing module through the filter module and electrically connected to the RF module, configured to generate a resonant frequency for the distance sensing module and a resonant frequency for the RF module. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the filter module comprises:
a first resistor; a first capacitor; and a first inductor; wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the RF antenna, and another end of the first resistor is electrically connected to a ground through the first capacitor and is electrically connected to the distance sensing module through the first inductor. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the first inductor has an inductance between 39-100 nh. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the RF antenna comprises:
an RF antenna; and a second resistor; wherein an end of the RF antenna is electrically connected to the ground through the second resistor and is electrically connected to the end of the first resistor. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein the RF module comprises:
an RF chip; a third resistor; a fourth resistor; and a second capacitor; wherein an end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the end of the RF antenna, another end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the second capacitor and is electrically connected to a signal pin of the RF chip through the fourth resistor, and the GND pin of the RF chip is electrically connected to the ground. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 5, wherein a model type of the RF chip is RF1662. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the distance sensing module comprises:
a distance sensing chip; a fifth resistor; a sixth resistor; and a third capacitor; wherein one end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the another end of the first resistor through the first inductor, another end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the third capacitor and is electrically connected to an RX pin of the distance sensing chip through the sixth resistor, a GND pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to the ground, and a VDD pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to a 3.3V voltage source. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 7, wherein a model type of the distance sensing chip is LDJ18829M24AC002. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the first resistor is installed near the antenna feeding point and the first inductor is installed near the distance sensing chip. 10. A mobile terminal with a shared radio frequency (RF) antenna, the mobile terminal comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a distance sensing module, configured to perform a distance sensing operation;
a radio frequency (RF) module, configured to perform an RF transceiving operation;
a filter module, configured to filter out a unwanted portion of an input signal of the distance sensing module; and
an RF antenna module, electrically connected to the RF distance sensing module through the filter module and electrically connected to the RF module, configured to generate a resonant frequency for the distance sensing module and a resonant frequency for the RF module;
wherein the RF antenna module generates a working signal when the mobile terminal is working in a communication mode, and the working signal is respectively transmitted to the RF module and the filter module; the RF module receives the working signal and works accordingly; and the filter module receives the working signal and filters out a high frequency portion from the working signal such that the distance sensing module and the RF module share an antenna to prevent from incorrectly triggering the distance sensing module and ensure that the distance sensing module is correctly triggered when the distance sensing operation is required. 11. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the filter module comprises:
a first resistor; a first capacitor; and a first inductor; wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the RF antenna, and another end of the first resistor is electrically connected to a ground through the first capacitor and is electrically connected to the distance sensing module through the first inductor. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the first inductor has an inductance between 39-100 nh. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the RF antenna comprises:
an RF antenna; and a second resistor; wherein an end of the RF antenna is electrically connected to the ground through the second resistor and is electrically connected to the end of the first resistor. 14. The mobile terminal of claim 13, wherein the RF module comprises:
an RF chip; a third resistor; a fourth resistor; and a second capacitor; wherein an end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the end of the RF antenna, another end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the second capacitor and is electrically connected to a signal pin of the RF chip through the fourth resistor, and the GND pin of the RF chip is electrically connected to the ground. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 14, wherein a model type of the RF chip is RF1662. 16. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the distance sensing module comprises:
a distance sensing chip; a fifth resistor; a sixth resistor; and a third capacitor; wherein one end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the another end of the first resistor through the first inductor, another end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the third capacitor and is electrically connected to an RX pin of the distance sensing chip through the sixth resistor, a GND pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to the ground, and a VDD pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to a 3.3V voltage source. 17. The mobile terminal of claim 16, wherein a model type of the distance sensing chip is LDJ18829M24AC002. 18. The mobile terminal of claim 13, wherein an antenna feeding point is at the end of the RF antenna. 19. The mobile terminal of claim 18, wherein the first resistor is installed near the antenna feeding point and the first inductor is installed near the distance sensing chip. 20. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the first capacitor is a filter capacitor for filtering out a signal portion having a frequency higher than 600 MHz. | The present application discloses a mobile terminal having a shared radio frequency antenna, comprising a PCB; the PCB is provided thereon with a distance sensing module, a radio frequency module, a filtering module for preventing a signal, that is not needed by the operation of the distance sensing module, from passing, and a radio frequency antenna module for generating a resonance frequency that is needed by the operation of the distance sensing module and a resonance frequency that is needed by the operation of the radio frequency module; the distance sensing module is connected to the radio frequency antenna module by means of the filtering module; and the radio frequency antenna module is further connected to the radio frequency module.1. A mobile terminal with a shared radio frequency (RF) antenna, the mobile terminal comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a distance sensing module, configured to perform a distance sensing operation;
a radio frequency (RF) module, configured to perform an RF transceiving operation;
a filter module, configured to filter out a unwanted portion of an input signal of the distance sensing module; and
an RF antenna module, electrically connected to the RF distance sensing module through the filter module and electrically connected to the RF module, configured to generate a resonant frequency for the distance sensing module and a resonant frequency for the RF module. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the filter module comprises:
a first resistor; a first capacitor; and a first inductor; wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the RF antenna, and another end of the first resistor is electrically connected to a ground through the first capacitor and is electrically connected to the distance sensing module through the first inductor. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the first inductor has an inductance between 39-100 nh. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the RF antenna comprises:
an RF antenna; and a second resistor; wherein an end of the RF antenna is electrically connected to the ground through the second resistor and is electrically connected to the end of the first resistor. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein the RF module comprises:
an RF chip; a third resistor; a fourth resistor; and a second capacitor; wherein an end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the end of the RF antenna, another end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the second capacitor and is electrically connected to a signal pin of the RF chip through the fourth resistor, and the GND pin of the RF chip is electrically connected to the ground. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 5, wherein a model type of the RF chip is RF1662. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the distance sensing module comprises:
a distance sensing chip; a fifth resistor; a sixth resistor; and a third capacitor; wherein one end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the another end of the first resistor through the first inductor, another end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the third capacitor and is electrically connected to an RX pin of the distance sensing chip through the sixth resistor, a GND pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to the ground, and a VDD pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to a 3.3V voltage source. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 7, wherein a model type of the distance sensing chip is LDJ18829M24AC002. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 2, wherein the first resistor is installed near the antenna feeding point and the first inductor is installed near the distance sensing chip. 10. A mobile terminal with a shared radio frequency (RF) antenna, the mobile terminal comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a distance sensing module, configured to perform a distance sensing operation;
a radio frequency (RF) module, configured to perform an RF transceiving operation;
a filter module, configured to filter out a unwanted portion of an input signal of the distance sensing module; and
an RF antenna module, electrically connected to the RF distance sensing module through the filter module and electrically connected to the RF module, configured to generate a resonant frequency for the distance sensing module and a resonant frequency for the RF module;
wherein the RF antenna module generates a working signal when the mobile terminal is working in a communication mode, and the working signal is respectively transmitted to the RF module and the filter module; the RF module receives the working signal and works accordingly; and the filter module receives the working signal and filters out a high frequency portion from the working signal such that the distance sensing module and the RF module share an antenna to prevent from incorrectly triggering the distance sensing module and ensure that the distance sensing module is correctly triggered when the distance sensing operation is required. 11. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the filter module comprises:
a first resistor; a first capacitor; and a first inductor; wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the RF antenna, and another end of the first resistor is electrically connected to a ground through the first capacitor and is electrically connected to the distance sensing module through the first inductor. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the first inductor has an inductance between 39-100 nh. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the RF antenna comprises:
an RF antenna; and a second resistor; wherein an end of the RF antenna is electrically connected to the ground through the second resistor and is electrically connected to the end of the first resistor. 14. The mobile terminal of claim 13, wherein the RF module comprises:
an RF chip; a third resistor; a fourth resistor; and a second capacitor; wherein an end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the end of the RF antenna, another end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the second capacitor and is electrically connected to a signal pin of the RF chip through the fourth resistor, and the GND pin of the RF chip is electrically connected to the ground. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 14, wherein a model type of the RF chip is RF1662. 16. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the distance sensing module comprises:
a distance sensing chip; a fifth resistor; a sixth resistor; and a third capacitor; wherein one end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the another end of the first resistor through the first inductor, another end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground through the third capacitor and is electrically connected to an RX pin of the distance sensing chip through the sixth resistor, a GND pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to the ground, and a VDD pin of the distance sensing chip is electrically connected to a 3.3V voltage source. 17. The mobile terminal of claim 16, wherein a model type of the distance sensing chip is LDJ18829M24AC002. 18. The mobile terminal of claim 13, wherein an antenna feeding point is at the end of the RF antenna. 19. The mobile terminal of claim 18, wherein the first resistor is installed near the antenna feeding point and the first inductor is installed near the distance sensing chip. 20. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the first capacitor is a filter capacitor for filtering out a signal portion having a frequency higher than 600 MHz. | 3,700 |
338,620 | 16,641,665 | 1,773 | A water-using household appliance includes a pump sump, a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump, and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump. The nozzle unit produces an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A water-using household appliance, in particular a household dishwasher, said water-using household appliance comprising:
a pump sump; a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump; and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump, said nozzle unit configured to produce an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. 17. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the filter element comprises a tubular microfilter having a microfilter inner side to enclose an inner compartment of the microfilter, and a microfilter outer side, said nozzle unit configured to produce the annular flow around the microfilter outer side, so that dirt is removed from the microfilter inner side to the inner compartment. 18. The water-using household appliance of claim 17, further comprising a drain pump configured to suck out washing liquor together with dirt directly from the inner compartment. 19. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the pump sump has a side wall which surrounds the filter element, so that an annular gap is formed between the filter element and the side wall. 20. The water-using household appliance of claim 19, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a first nozzle section which projects from above into the annular gap. 21. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a second nozzle section, onto which the first nozzle section is integrally molded and which extends away from the annular gap. 22. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the first nozzle section is curved around the filter element. 23. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, further comprising a water switch configured to interrupt a supply of fluid to the nozzle unit and thereby interrupt the annular flow. 24. The water-using household appliance of claim 23, further comprising a spray device for spraying fluid into an interior of the household appliance, said water switch interrupting and/or controlling a supply of fluid to the spray device. 25. The water-using household appliance of claim 24, wherein the spray device is a member selected from the group consisting of a spray arm, two spray arms, a ceiling spray device, and any combination thereof. 26. A method for operating a water-using household device, comprising producing with a nozzle unit an annular flow between a pump sump and a filter element of the water-using household device such that the annular flow flows around the filter element only in one direction of flow to thereby remove dirt from the filter element. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 20 and 240 seconds. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 40 and 220 seconds. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 60 and 180 seconds. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
performing a first wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household device, and performing after the first wash cycle a first suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump, 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the annular flow is produced during the first wash cycle, in particular at an end of the first wash cycle. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
performing after the first suction removal a second wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household appliance, and performing after the second wash cycle a second suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with the drain pump, wherein the annular flow is produced during the second wash cycle. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the annular flow is produced at an end of the second wash cycle. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced during a suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising switching a water switch to actuate the annular flow. | A water-using household appliance includes a pump sump, a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump, and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump. The nozzle unit produces an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow.1-15. (canceled) 16. A water-using household appliance, in particular a household dishwasher, said water-using household appliance comprising:
a pump sump; a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump; and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump, said nozzle unit configured to produce an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. 17. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the filter element comprises a tubular microfilter having a microfilter inner side to enclose an inner compartment of the microfilter, and a microfilter outer side, said nozzle unit configured to produce the annular flow around the microfilter outer side, so that dirt is removed from the microfilter inner side to the inner compartment. 18. The water-using household appliance of claim 17, further comprising a drain pump configured to suck out washing liquor together with dirt directly from the inner compartment. 19. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the pump sump has a side wall which surrounds the filter element, so that an annular gap is formed between the filter element and the side wall. 20. The water-using household appliance of claim 19, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a first nozzle section which projects from above into the annular gap. 21. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a second nozzle section, onto which the first nozzle section is integrally molded and which extends away from the annular gap. 22. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the first nozzle section is curved around the filter element. 23. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, further comprising a water switch configured to interrupt a supply of fluid to the nozzle unit and thereby interrupt the annular flow. 24. The water-using household appliance of claim 23, further comprising a spray device for spraying fluid into an interior of the household appliance, said water switch interrupting and/or controlling a supply of fluid to the spray device. 25. The water-using household appliance of claim 24, wherein the spray device is a member selected from the group consisting of a spray arm, two spray arms, a ceiling spray device, and any combination thereof. 26. A method for operating a water-using household device, comprising producing with a nozzle unit an annular flow between a pump sump and a filter element of the water-using household device such that the annular flow flows around the filter element only in one direction of flow to thereby remove dirt from the filter element. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 20 and 240 seconds. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 40 and 220 seconds. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 60 and 180 seconds. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
performing a first wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household device, and performing after the first wash cycle a first suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump, 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the annular flow is produced during the first wash cycle, in particular at an end of the first wash cycle. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
performing after the first suction removal a second wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household appliance, and performing after the second wash cycle a second suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with the drain pump, wherein the annular flow is produced during the second wash cycle. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the annular flow is produced at an end of the second wash cycle. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced during a suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising switching a water switch to actuate the annular flow. | 1,700 |
338,621 | 62,980,988 | 1,773 | A water-using household appliance includes a pump sump, a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump, and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump. The nozzle unit produces an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A water-using household appliance, in particular a household dishwasher, said water-using household appliance comprising:
a pump sump; a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump; and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump, said nozzle unit configured to produce an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. 17. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the filter element comprises a tubular microfilter having a microfilter inner side to enclose an inner compartment of the microfilter, and a microfilter outer side, said nozzle unit configured to produce the annular flow around the microfilter outer side, so that dirt is removed from the microfilter inner side to the inner compartment. 18. The water-using household appliance of claim 17, further comprising a drain pump configured to suck out washing liquor together with dirt directly from the inner compartment. 19. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the pump sump has a side wall which surrounds the filter element, so that an annular gap is formed between the filter element and the side wall. 20. The water-using household appliance of claim 19, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a first nozzle section which projects from above into the annular gap. 21. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a second nozzle section, onto which the first nozzle section is integrally molded and which extends away from the annular gap. 22. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the first nozzle section is curved around the filter element. 23. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, further comprising a water switch configured to interrupt a supply of fluid to the nozzle unit and thereby interrupt the annular flow. 24. The water-using household appliance of claim 23, further comprising a spray device for spraying fluid into an interior of the household appliance, said water switch interrupting and/or controlling a supply of fluid to the spray device. 25. The water-using household appliance of claim 24, wherein the spray device is a member selected from the group consisting of a spray arm, two spray arms, a ceiling spray device, and any combination thereof. 26. A method for operating a water-using household device, comprising producing with a nozzle unit an annular flow between a pump sump and a filter element of the water-using household device such that the annular flow flows around the filter element only in one direction of flow to thereby remove dirt from the filter element. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 20 and 240 seconds. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 40 and 220 seconds. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 60 and 180 seconds. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
performing a first wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household device, and performing after the first wash cycle a first suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump, 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the annular flow is produced during the first wash cycle, in particular at an end of the first wash cycle. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
performing after the first suction removal a second wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household appliance, and performing after the second wash cycle a second suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with the drain pump, wherein the annular flow is produced during the second wash cycle. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the annular flow is produced at an end of the second wash cycle. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced during a suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising switching a water switch to actuate the annular flow. | A water-using household appliance includes a pump sump, a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump, and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump. The nozzle unit produces an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow.1-15. (canceled) 16. A water-using household appliance, in particular a household dishwasher, said water-using household appliance comprising:
a pump sump; a filter element arranged at least partially in the pump sump; and a nozzle unit arranged on the pump sump, said nozzle unit configured to produce an annular flow between the pump sump and the filter element in order to remove dirt from the filter element, with the annular flow flowing around the filter element only in one direction of flow. 17. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the filter element comprises a tubular microfilter having a microfilter inner side to enclose an inner compartment of the microfilter, and a microfilter outer side, said nozzle unit configured to produce the annular flow around the microfilter outer side, so that dirt is removed from the microfilter inner side to the inner compartment. 18. The water-using household appliance of claim 17, further comprising a drain pump configured to suck out washing liquor together with dirt directly from the inner compartment. 19. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, wherein the pump sump has a side wall which surrounds the filter element, so that an annular gap is formed between the filter element and the side wall. 20. The water-using household appliance of claim 19, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a first nozzle section which projects from above into the annular gap. 21. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a second nozzle section, onto which the first nozzle section is integrally molded and which extends away from the annular gap. 22. The water-using household appliance of claim 20, wherein the first nozzle section is curved around the filter element. 23. The water-using household appliance of claim 16, further comprising a water switch configured to interrupt a supply of fluid to the nozzle unit and thereby interrupt the annular flow. 24. The water-using household appliance of claim 23, further comprising a spray device for spraying fluid into an interior of the household appliance, said water switch interrupting and/or controlling a supply of fluid to the spray device. 25. The water-using household appliance of claim 24, wherein the spray device is a member selected from the group consisting of a spray arm, two spray arms, a ceiling spray device, and any combination thereof. 26. A method for operating a water-using household device, comprising producing with a nozzle unit an annular flow between a pump sump and a filter element of the water-using household device such that the annular flow flows around the filter element only in one direction of flow to thereby remove dirt from the filter element. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 20 and 240 seconds. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 40 and 220 seconds. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced for a time period between 60 and 180 seconds. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
performing a first wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household device, and performing after the first wash cycle a first suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump, 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the annular flow is produced during the first wash cycle, in particular at an end of the first wash cycle. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
performing after the first suction removal a second wash cycle for circulating washing liquor within the water-using household appliance, and performing after the second wash cycle a second suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with the drain pump, wherein the annular flow is produced during the second wash cycle. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the annular flow is produced at an end of the second wash cycle. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the annular flow is produced during a suction removal of washing liquor together with dirt with a drain pump. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising switching a water switch to actuate the annular flow. | 1,700 |
338,622 | 16,635,509 | 1,773 | A service providing system (1) includes an authentication device (200) that includes an information communicator that receives authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use a service. The authentication device (200) further includes a number authenticator that, when there is an incoming call from a terminal (300), performs authentication of the terminal (300) on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call. The service providing system (1) further includes a service providing device (100) that provides the service when the authentication is successful. | 1. A service providing system comprising:
an authentication device including
an information communicator that receives authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use a service, and (ii) a first authentication request and a second authentication request for seeking authentication using the authentication information,
a request rejection determiner that determines to reject the second authentication request when the second authentication request is received from when the first authentication request is received to when a predetermined amount of time has elapsed or to when the authentication based on the first authentication request is successful, and
a number authenticator that performs, when there is an incoming call from a terminal after the authentication information is received, the authentication of the terminal on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call; and
a service providing device that provides the service when the authentication is successful. 2. (canceled) 3. The service providing system according to claim 1, wherein the authentication device further includes
a table in which the authentication information is set as a key that identifies a record, an adder that attempts to add, to the table, a record in which the received authentication information is saved, and a deleter that, when the authentication based on the authentication information is successful or when the predetermined amount of time has elapsed from receipt or addition of the authentication information, deletes the record for which the addition has succeeded from the table, wherein the request rejection determiner of the authentication device determines to reject the second authentication request when the addition of the record fails. 4. The service providing system according to claim 3, wherein the number authenticator of the authentication device authenticates the terminal on the basis of whether a record in which authentication information identical to the information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the notified phone number, has been added to the table. 5. The service providing system according to any one of claim 1, wherein the authentication device further includes a voice communicator that, when the authentication of the terminal fails, answers the incoming call from the terminal. 6. A service providing method executed by a service providing system including an authentication device that performs authentication of a terminal, and a service providing device that provides a service when the authentication is successful, the method comprising:
an information communication step of receiving, by the authentication device, (i) authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use the service and (ii) a first authentication request and a second authentication request for seeking authentication using the authentication information; a request rejection determination step of determining to reject the second authentication request when the second authentication request is received from when the first authentication request is received to when a predetermined amount of time has elapsed or to when the authentication based on the first authentication request is successful; and a number authentication step of performing by the authentication device, when there is an incoming call from the terminal after the authentication information is received, authentication of the terminal on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call. | A service providing system (1) includes an authentication device (200) that includes an information communicator that receives authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use a service. The authentication device (200) further includes a number authenticator that, when there is an incoming call from a terminal (300), performs authentication of the terminal (300) on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call. The service providing system (1) further includes a service providing device (100) that provides the service when the authentication is successful.1. A service providing system comprising:
an authentication device including
an information communicator that receives authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use a service, and (ii) a first authentication request and a second authentication request for seeking authentication using the authentication information,
a request rejection determiner that determines to reject the second authentication request when the second authentication request is received from when the first authentication request is received to when a predetermined amount of time has elapsed or to when the authentication based on the first authentication request is successful, and
a number authenticator that performs, when there is an incoming call from a terminal after the authentication information is received, the authentication of the terminal on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call; and
a service providing device that provides the service when the authentication is successful. 2. (canceled) 3. The service providing system according to claim 1, wherein the authentication device further includes
a table in which the authentication information is set as a key that identifies a record, an adder that attempts to add, to the table, a record in which the received authentication information is saved, and a deleter that, when the authentication based on the authentication information is successful or when the predetermined amount of time has elapsed from receipt or addition of the authentication information, deletes the record for which the addition has succeeded from the table, wherein the request rejection determiner of the authentication device determines to reject the second authentication request when the addition of the record fails. 4. The service providing system according to claim 3, wherein the number authenticator of the authentication device authenticates the terminal on the basis of whether a record in which authentication information identical to the information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the notified phone number, has been added to the table. 5. The service providing system according to any one of claim 1, wherein the authentication device further includes a voice communicator that, when the authentication of the terminal fails, answers the incoming call from the terminal. 6. A service providing method executed by a service providing system including an authentication device that performs authentication of a terminal, and a service providing device that provides a service when the authentication is successful, the method comprising:
an information communication step of receiving, by the authentication device, (i) authentication information obtained by performing a predetermined processing on a phone number of a user that has a right to use the service and (ii) a first authentication request and a second authentication request for seeking authentication using the authentication information; a request rejection determination step of determining to reject the second authentication request when the second authentication request is received from when the first authentication request is received to when a predetermined amount of time has elapsed or to when the authentication based on the first authentication request is successful; and a number authentication step of performing by the authentication device, when there is an incoming call from the terminal after the authentication information is received, authentication of the terminal on the basis of the received authentication information, and information obtained by performing the predetermined processing on the phone number that is notified together with the incoming call. | 1,700 |
338,623 | 16,641,681 | 1,773 | A liquid crystal display panel, a fabrication method therefor and a display device, wherein by means of providing a plurality of concave-convex structures in a region, corresponding to frame sealing glue, of at least one film layer in a passivation layer and a planarization layer, the area of contact between the frame sealing glue and the planarization layer and/or the passivation layer may be increased, the adhesion between the frame sealing glue and the planarization layer and/or the passivation layer may be enhanced, and the concave-convex structures may effectively prevent external moisture from entering into a liquid crystal box, thus improving the moisture-resistant capabilities of the liquid display panel. | 1. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
an array substrate and a color filter substrate opposite to each other; and a sealant between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; wherein a contact surface of at least one of the array substrate and the color filter substrate in contact with the sealant is provided with a concave-convex structure. 2. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the array substrate comprises a first base substrate and a passivation layer at one side of the first base substrate facing the color filter substrate; and
the concave-convex structure comprises a first concave-convex structure on a contact surface of the passivation layer in contact with the sealant. 3. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the color filter substrate comprises a second base substrate and a planarization layer at one side of the second base substrate facing the array substrate; and
the concave-convex structure comprises a second concave-convex structure on a contact surface of the planarization layer in contact with the sealant. 4. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the color filter substrate further comprises a black matrix layer between the second base substrate and the planarization layer;
a contact surface of the black matrix layer in contact with the planarization layer is provided with a third concave-convex structure corresponding to the second concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant; and a thickness of the planarization layer is uniform in the region corresponding to the sealant. 5. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the concave-convex structure comprises a first concave-convex structure and a second concave-convex structure;
the first concave-convex structure is on the contact surface of the array substrate in contact with the sealant, and the second concave-convex structure is on the contact surface of the color filter substrate in contact with the sealant; and a position of a concave part of the first concave-convex structure is opposite to a position of a concave part of the second concave-convex structure. 6. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein an orthographic projection of the concave part of the first concave-convex structure on the color filter substrate is superposed with the concave part of the second concave-convex structure. 7. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1. 8. A fabrication method of a liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
forming an array substrate and a color filter substrate, wherein a concave-convex structure is formed in a region of at least one of the substrates corresponding to a sealant to be formed when the array substrate and the color filter substrate are formed; and forming the sealant between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. 9. The fabrication method according to claim 8, wherein forming the concave-convex structure in the region of the array substrate corresponding the sealant to be formed comprises:
forming a pattern of a passivation layer on a first base substrate, wherein the passivation layer is provided with a first concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant. 10. The fabrication method according to claim 8, wherein forming the concave-convex structure in the region of the color filter substrate corresponding to the sealant to be formed comprises:
forming a pattern of a black matrix layer on a second base substrate, wherein the black matrix layer is provided with a third concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant; and coating a planarization layer on the black matrix layer, wherein the planarization layer is provided with a second concave-convex structure corresponding to the third concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant, and a thickness of the planarization layer is uniform in the region corresponding to the sealant. | A liquid crystal display panel, a fabrication method therefor and a display device, wherein by means of providing a plurality of concave-convex structures in a region, corresponding to frame sealing glue, of at least one film layer in a passivation layer and a planarization layer, the area of contact between the frame sealing glue and the planarization layer and/or the passivation layer may be increased, the adhesion between the frame sealing glue and the planarization layer and/or the passivation layer may be enhanced, and the concave-convex structures may effectively prevent external moisture from entering into a liquid crystal box, thus improving the moisture-resistant capabilities of the liquid display panel.1. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
an array substrate and a color filter substrate opposite to each other; and a sealant between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; wherein a contact surface of at least one of the array substrate and the color filter substrate in contact with the sealant is provided with a concave-convex structure. 2. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the array substrate comprises a first base substrate and a passivation layer at one side of the first base substrate facing the color filter substrate; and
the concave-convex structure comprises a first concave-convex structure on a contact surface of the passivation layer in contact with the sealant. 3. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the color filter substrate comprises a second base substrate and a planarization layer at one side of the second base substrate facing the array substrate; and
the concave-convex structure comprises a second concave-convex structure on a contact surface of the planarization layer in contact with the sealant. 4. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the color filter substrate further comprises a black matrix layer between the second base substrate and the planarization layer;
a contact surface of the black matrix layer in contact with the planarization layer is provided with a third concave-convex structure corresponding to the second concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant; and a thickness of the planarization layer is uniform in the region corresponding to the sealant. 5. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the concave-convex structure comprises a first concave-convex structure and a second concave-convex structure;
the first concave-convex structure is on the contact surface of the array substrate in contact with the sealant, and the second concave-convex structure is on the contact surface of the color filter substrate in contact with the sealant; and a position of a concave part of the first concave-convex structure is opposite to a position of a concave part of the second concave-convex structure. 6. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein an orthographic projection of the concave part of the first concave-convex structure on the color filter substrate is superposed with the concave part of the second concave-convex structure. 7. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1. 8. A fabrication method of a liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
forming an array substrate and a color filter substrate, wherein a concave-convex structure is formed in a region of at least one of the substrates corresponding to a sealant to be formed when the array substrate and the color filter substrate are formed; and forming the sealant between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. 9. The fabrication method according to claim 8, wherein forming the concave-convex structure in the region of the array substrate corresponding the sealant to be formed comprises:
forming a pattern of a passivation layer on a first base substrate, wherein the passivation layer is provided with a first concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant. 10. The fabrication method according to claim 8, wherein forming the concave-convex structure in the region of the color filter substrate corresponding to the sealant to be formed comprises:
forming a pattern of a black matrix layer on a second base substrate, wherein the black matrix layer is provided with a third concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant; and coating a planarization layer on the black matrix layer, wherein the planarization layer is provided with a second concave-convex structure corresponding to the third concave-convex structure in a region corresponding to the sealant, and a thickness of the planarization layer is uniform in the region corresponding to the sealant. | 1,700 |
338,624 | 16,641,684 | 1,773 | The present invention allows a user to easily grasp which light receiving section is in what light reception state. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor (10) includes: a plurality of light receiving sections (110); a display section (120) which is provided in the vicinity of a corresponding light receiving section among the plurality of light receiving sections (110), the display section (120) displaying a light reception state of the corresponding light receiving section; and a display control section (103) which causes the display section (220) and the display section (120) to simultaneously display the light reception state. | 1. A multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor comprising:
a light projector; a light receiver; a plurality of light receiving sections; a light receiver display section which is provided in the vicinity of a corresponding light receiving section among the plurality of light receiving sections, the light receiver display section displaying a light reception state of the corresponding light receiving section; a light projector display section which displays the light reception state; and a display synchronizing section which causes the light projector display section and the light receiver display section to simultaneously display the light reception state. 2. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the display synchronizing section is provided in the light receiver. 3. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of light receiving sections are arranged in a row; and the light receiver display section is provided in parallel with a direction, in which the row extends, such that one light receiver display section corresponds to two or more light receiving sections, the one light receiver display section being said light receiver display section, and the two or more light receiving sections being included in the plurality of light receiving sections. 4. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of light receiving sections carries out a light-receiving process in predetermined cycles; and the light receiver display section displays, in a current cycle, a light reception state of one previous cycle. 5. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 4, wherein the light receiver carries out (i) transmission of an instruction on causing the light projector display section to display the light reception state of the one previous cycle in parallel with (ii) a process relating to reception of light in the current cycle. 6. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one of the light receiver display section and the light projector display section carries out display by changing colors to be displayed, by switching between lighting and blinking, or by combining these, in accordance with the light reception state. | The present invention allows a user to easily grasp which light receiving section is in what light reception state. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor (10) includes: a plurality of light receiving sections (110); a display section (120) which is provided in the vicinity of a corresponding light receiving section among the plurality of light receiving sections (110), the display section (120) displaying a light reception state of the corresponding light receiving section; and a display control section (103) which causes the display section (220) and the display section (120) to simultaneously display the light reception state.1. A multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor comprising:
a light projector; a light receiver; a plurality of light receiving sections; a light receiver display section which is provided in the vicinity of a corresponding light receiving section among the plurality of light receiving sections, the light receiver display section displaying a light reception state of the corresponding light receiving section; a light projector display section which displays the light reception state; and a display synchronizing section which causes the light projector display section and the light receiver display section to simultaneously display the light reception state. 2. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the display synchronizing section is provided in the light receiver. 3. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of light receiving sections are arranged in a row; and the light receiver display section is provided in parallel with a direction, in which the row extends, such that one light receiver display section corresponds to two or more light receiving sections, the one light receiver display section being said light receiver display section, and the two or more light receiving sections being included in the plurality of light receiving sections. 4. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of light receiving sections carries out a light-receiving process in predetermined cycles; and the light receiver display section displays, in a current cycle, a light reception state of one previous cycle. 5. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 4, wherein the light receiver carries out (i) transmission of an instruction on causing the light projector display section to display the light reception state of the one previous cycle in parallel with (ii) a process relating to reception of light in the current cycle. 6. The multiple-optical-axis photoelectric sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one of the light receiver display section and the light projector display section carries out display by changing colors to be displayed, by switching between lighting and blinking, or by combining these, in accordance with the light reception state. | 1,700 |
338,625 | 16,641,680 | 1,773 | A method for producing a three-dimensional object comprising computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of the object, defining a sequence of patterns of light using the back-projections, and irradiating with each of the patterns of light at the respective corresponding orientation angle. According to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material is capable of altering its material phase, upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive medium which physically reproduces the three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object. | 1-47. (canceled) 48. A method for producing a three-dimensional object comprising:
a. computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object, b. defining a sequence of patterns of light using said back-projections, and c. irradiating with each of said patterns of light at a respective corresponding orientation angle and, according to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material that is capable of alteration of its material phase upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive material which physically reproduces said three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein said photoresponsive material comprises a concentration of said photo-initiator such that at most 90% of an intensity of said patterns of light is absorbed by a largest thickness of a volume of said photoresponsive material through which said patterns of light are propagating. 50. The method of claim 48, with further steps for producing a multi-material three-dimensional object, comprising:
removing uncured parts of said photoresponsive material and immersing said three-dimensional object into another photoresponsive material, and repeating the steps of calculating, irradiating and removing until said multi-material three-dimensional object is produced. 51. A system for producing a three-dimensional object from a photoresponsive material, the system comprising:
a first projection unit capable of emitting controlled spatial patterns of light; a means for computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object; and said back-projections being used to define said controlled patterns of light; a vessel optically transparent to said patterns of light, said vessel intended to contain a volume of photoresponsive material, and said vessel and the intended photoresponsive material defining a build volume; whereby the first projection unit is arranged in the system to irradiate said build volume with said controlled patterns of light; and a direction varying means operatively associated with said first projection unit, for controllably varying a direction of incidence of said patterns of light relative to said build volume, either by rotating the build volume within a field of illumination of the first projection unit, or by rotating the first projection unit relative to the build volume, or a combination of both of these rotations, and for executing the computed sequence of back-projections by irradiating the photoresponsive material with the controlled patterns of light from directions corresponding to the different orientation angles thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations of the photoresponsive material, and creating the three-dimensional object. 52. The system of claim 51 wherein, additionally to said first projection unit, the system comprises a second projection unit capable of generating patterns of light at a second wavelength of light. 53. The system of claim 52, wherein directions of illumination of the first and the second projection units are parallel to a plane of rotation of the build volume, or the direction of illumination of any one of the first and second projection units is parallel to the plane of rotation of the build volume and the illumination direction of the other projection unit is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the build volume. 54. The system of claim 52, further configured such that said build volume is illuminated with a first sequence of spatial light patterns at a first wavelength, and concurrently said build volume is illuminated with a second sequence of spatial light patterns at second wavelength, until the three-dimensional object is formed. 55. The system of claim 52, where said photoresponsive material comprises a photo-inhibitor selected from the list consisting of a photoinitiator that interacts with said second wavelength of light to selectively hinder an ability of the first wavelength of light to alter the phase of said photoresponsive material, and a two-stage photo-initiator such that said photoresponsive material is locally altered upon local simultaneous or successive illumination with said first and second wavelengths of light but not altered if locally illuminated with only one of the wavelengths of light. 56. The system of claim 51 wherein said photoresponsive material is seeded with cells or loaded with solid particles. 57. The system of claim 51 wherein a controller is operatively associated with said build volume for vertically displacing the build volume relative to a field of illumination of the projection unit or projection units. 58. The system of claim 51, wherein the light patterns are corrected for effects selected from the list consisting of a sedimentation of the photoresponsive material, a misalignment of the build volume relative to the direction of incidence of the light patterns, and an absorption of light within said photoresponsive material. 59. The system of claim 51, further configured such that after the formation of the three-dimensional object:
said three-dimensional object is kept into the build volume while a remaining photoresponsive material is removed from the build volume; a second photoresponsive material, different from the said first photoresponsive material, is filled into the said optically transparent vessel; and a second three-dimensional object is formed from the second photoresponsive material by the method comprising: a. computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object, b. defining a sequence of patterns of light using said back-projections, and c. irradiating with each of said patterns of light at a respective corresponding orientation angle and, according to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material that is capable of alteration of its material phase upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive material which physically reproduces said three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object. 60. The system of claim 51, further configured so that the alterations of said photoresponsive material are recorded at regular intervals during the irradiation with said patterns of light, and these recordings are used as feedback to correct subsequent patterns of light in order to produce said three-dimensional object with improved accuracy. 61. The system of claim 51, wherein said photoresponsive material is loaded with biological cells before or by injection after forming the three dimensional object around said biological cells. 62. A formed biological organ created as a result of a biological process of cell growths from said biological cells in said formed three dimensional object produced following claim 61. | A method for producing a three-dimensional object comprising computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of the object, defining a sequence of patterns of light using the back-projections, and irradiating with each of the patterns of light at the respective corresponding orientation angle. According to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material is capable of altering its material phase, upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive medium which physically reproduces the three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object.1-47. (canceled) 48. A method for producing a three-dimensional object comprising:
a. computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object, b. defining a sequence of patterns of light using said back-projections, and c. irradiating with each of said patterns of light at a respective corresponding orientation angle and, according to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material that is capable of alteration of its material phase upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive material which physically reproduces said three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein said photoresponsive material comprises a concentration of said photo-initiator such that at most 90% of an intensity of said patterns of light is absorbed by a largest thickness of a volume of said photoresponsive material through which said patterns of light are propagating. 50. The method of claim 48, with further steps for producing a multi-material three-dimensional object, comprising:
removing uncured parts of said photoresponsive material and immersing said three-dimensional object into another photoresponsive material, and repeating the steps of calculating, irradiating and removing until said multi-material three-dimensional object is produced. 51. A system for producing a three-dimensional object from a photoresponsive material, the system comprising:
a first projection unit capable of emitting controlled spatial patterns of light; a means for computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object; and said back-projections being used to define said controlled patterns of light; a vessel optically transparent to said patterns of light, said vessel intended to contain a volume of photoresponsive material, and said vessel and the intended photoresponsive material defining a build volume; whereby the first projection unit is arranged in the system to irradiate said build volume with said controlled patterns of light; and a direction varying means operatively associated with said first projection unit, for controllably varying a direction of incidence of said patterns of light relative to said build volume, either by rotating the build volume within a field of illumination of the first projection unit, or by rotating the first projection unit relative to the build volume, or a combination of both of these rotations, and for executing the computed sequence of back-projections by irradiating the photoresponsive material with the controlled patterns of light from directions corresponding to the different orientation angles thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations of the photoresponsive material, and creating the three-dimensional object. 52. The system of claim 51 wherein, additionally to said first projection unit, the system comprises a second projection unit capable of generating patterns of light at a second wavelength of light. 53. The system of claim 52, wherein directions of illumination of the first and the second projection units are parallel to a plane of rotation of the build volume, or the direction of illumination of any one of the first and second projection units is parallel to the plane of rotation of the build volume and the illumination direction of the other projection unit is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the build volume. 54. The system of claim 52, further configured such that said build volume is illuminated with a first sequence of spatial light patterns at a first wavelength, and concurrently said build volume is illuminated with a second sequence of spatial light patterns at second wavelength, until the three-dimensional object is formed. 55. The system of claim 52, where said photoresponsive material comprises a photo-inhibitor selected from the list consisting of a photoinitiator that interacts with said second wavelength of light to selectively hinder an ability of the first wavelength of light to alter the phase of said photoresponsive material, and a two-stage photo-initiator such that said photoresponsive material is locally altered upon local simultaneous or successive illumination with said first and second wavelengths of light but not altered if locally illuminated with only one of the wavelengths of light. 56. The system of claim 51 wherein said photoresponsive material is seeded with cells or loaded with solid particles. 57. The system of claim 51 wherein a controller is operatively associated with said build volume for vertically displacing the build volume relative to a field of illumination of the projection unit or projection units. 58. The system of claim 51, wherein the light patterns are corrected for effects selected from the list consisting of a sedimentation of the photoresponsive material, a misalignment of the build volume relative to the direction of incidence of the light patterns, and an absorption of light within said photoresponsive material. 59. The system of claim 51, further configured such that after the formation of the three-dimensional object:
said three-dimensional object is kept into the build volume while a remaining photoresponsive material is removed from the build volume; a second photoresponsive material, different from the said first photoresponsive material, is filled into the said optically transparent vessel; and a second three-dimensional object is formed from the second photoresponsive material by the method comprising: a. computing a sequence of back-projections describing the three-dimensional object to be formed from different orientation angles of said object, b. defining a sequence of patterns of light using said back-projections, and c. irradiating with each of said patterns of light at a respective corresponding orientation angle and, according to the defined sequence, a photoresponsive material that is capable of alteration of its material phase upon irradiation by light, thereby creating a three-dimensional distribution of alterations within the photoresponsive material which physically reproduces said three-dimensional object, thereby creating the three-dimensional object. 60. The system of claim 51, further configured so that the alterations of said photoresponsive material are recorded at regular intervals during the irradiation with said patterns of light, and these recordings are used as feedback to correct subsequent patterns of light in order to produce said three-dimensional object with improved accuracy. 61. The system of claim 51, wherein said photoresponsive material is loaded with biological cells before or by injection after forming the three dimensional object around said biological cells. 62. A formed biological organ created as a result of a biological process of cell growths from said biological cells in said formed three dimensional object produced following claim 61. | 1,700 |
338,626 | 16,641,700 | 1,773 | Formed, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg products are prepared by mixing a liquid egg composition comprising liquid egg in an amount sufficient so that the liquid egg composition is flowable at 35° F. with solid food inclusions, wherein at least 50% of the solid food inclusions have a longest dimension size of from 0.6 to 12 cm. At least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of less than 34° F. at the time of mixing. The resulting extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from 50 wt % to 90 wt % of the solid food inclusions, and is formed into a predetermined shape to provide a shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product that is self-supporting for at least two minutes at an ambient temperature of 40° F. The shaped, ready-to-cook egg product may then be cooked. | 1. A method of preparing formed, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg products comprising,
a) providing a liquid egg composition comprising from about 60 wt % to 100 wt % of liquid egg based on the total weight of the liquid egg composition, and optional viscosity increasing ingredients in an amount sufficient so that the liquid egg composition is flowable at 35° F.; b) providing solid food inclusions, wherein at least 50% of the solid food inclusions have a longest dimension size of from 0.6 to 12 cm; c) mixing the liquid egg composition with the solid food inclusions to provide a extrudable egg-based matrix having an egg content of from about 15 wt % to 96 wt % based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix, and comprising from 50 wt % to 90 wt % of the solid food inclusions including both egg-based solid food inclusions and non-egg-based solid food inclusions, wherein at least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of less than 34° F. at the time of mixing; and d) forming the extrudable egg-based matrix into a predetermined shape to provide a shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product that is self-supporting for at least two minutes at an ambient temperature of 40° F. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg is selected from egg white and egg yolk or a mixture thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg is whole egg. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises 75 wt % to 100 wt % of liquid egg based on the total weight of the liquid egg composition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises a texturizing component selected from the group consisting of starches, hydrocolloids, gums and mixtures thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises cooked egg portions. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid food inclusions are selected from the group consisting of cooked meats, vegetable pieces, grains and legumes, cheese, and mixtures thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the solid food inclusions comprises egg-based solid food inclusions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from about 30 wt % to 80 wt % of egg based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from about 40 wt % to 60 wt % of egg based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product has the shape of a patty. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the patty has a shape selected from a) generally of a rectangular prism and b) generally of a cylinder. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product has a generally spherical shape. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is pumped into a forming plate to define the predetermined shape of the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product and removed from the forming plate to provide the self-supporting, shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition and the solid food inclusions are cooled during the mixing step. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is cooled during the forming step. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is at a temperature of from 16-34° F. during the forming step. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of cooking the shaped egg product to form a cooked, shaped egg product. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the shaped egg product is deposited onto a continuous belt which conveys the shaped egg product through a continuous line oven to cook the shaped egg product. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein at least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of from about −40 to 0° F. at the time of mixing with the liquid egg composition to provide a extrudable egg-based matrix. 21-22. (canceled) | Formed, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg products are prepared by mixing a liquid egg composition comprising liquid egg in an amount sufficient so that the liquid egg composition is flowable at 35° F. with solid food inclusions, wherein at least 50% of the solid food inclusions have a longest dimension size of from 0.6 to 12 cm. At least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of less than 34° F. at the time of mixing. The resulting extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from 50 wt % to 90 wt % of the solid food inclusions, and is formed into a predetermined shape to provide a shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product that is self-supporting for at least two minutes at an ambient temperature of 40° F. The shaped, ready-to-cook egg product may then be cooked.1. A method of preparing formed, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg products comprising,
a) providing a liquid egg composition comprising from about 60 wt % to 100 wt % of liquid egg based on the total weight of the liquid egg composition, and optional viscosity increasing ingredients in an amount sufficient so that the liquid egg composition is flowable at 35° F.; b) providing solid food inclusions, wherein at least 50% of the solid food inclusions have a longest dimension size of from 0.6 to 12 cm; c) mixing the liquid egg composition with the solid food inclusions to provide a extrudable egg-based matrix having an egg content of from about 15 wt % to 96 wt % based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix, and comprising from 50 wt % to 90 wt % of the solid food inclusions including both egg-based solid food inclusions and non-egg-based solid food inclusions, wherein at least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of less than 34° F. at the time of mixing; and d) forming the extrudable egg-based matrix into a predetermined shape to provide a shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product that is self-supporting for at least two minutes at an ambient temperature of 40° F. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg is selected from egg white and egg yolk or a mixture thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg is whole egg. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises 75 wt % to 100 wt % of liquid egg based on the total weight of the liquid egg composition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises a texturizing component selected from the group consisting of starches, hydrocolloids, gums and mixtures thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition comprises cooked egg portions. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid food inclusions are selected from the group consisting of cooked meats, vegetable pieces, grains and legumes, cheese, and mixtures thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the solid food inclusions comprises egg-based solid food inclusions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from about 30 wt % to 80 wt % of egg based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix comprises from about 40 wt % to 60 wt % of egg based on the total extrudable egg-based matrix. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product has the shape of a patty. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the patty has a shape selected from a) generally of a rectangular prism and b) generally of a cylinder. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product has a generally spherical shape. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is pumped into a forming plate to define the predetermined shape of the shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product and removed from the forming plate to provide the self-supporting, shaped, ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat egg product. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid egg composition and the solid food inclusions are cooled during the mixing step. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is cooled during the forming step. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the extrudable egg-based matrix is at a temperature of from 16-34° F. during the forming step. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of cooking the shaped egg product to form a cooked, shaped egg product. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the shaped egg product is deposited onto a continuous belt which conveys the shaped egg product through a continuous line oven to cook the shaped egg product. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein at least about 50% of the solid food inclusions are at a temperature of from about −40 to 0° F. at the time of mixing with the liquid egg composition to provide a extrudable egg-based matrix. 21-22. (canceled) | 1,700 |
338,627 | 16,641,677 | 1,773 | Methods of controlling a patterning process are disclosed. In one arrangement, tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate is obtained. The tilt represents a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer. The tilt data is used to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer. | 1. A method of controlling a patterning process, the method comprising:
obtaining tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate, the tilt representing a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer; and using the tilt data to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterning process comprises an etching process and the tilt data is used to control the etching process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process is applied during formation, by the etching process, of a pattern in a layer above the target layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process is applied during formation, by the etching process, of a pattern in a layer in or on, a subsequently formed instance of the structure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process comprises controlling one or more selected from: a thermal pattern across a substrate, a chemical concentration pattern in plasma used in the etching process, an electric field pattern surrounding a substrate during the etching process, and/or a voltage applied to one or more electrodes during the etching process. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the patterning process comprises a lithographic pattern transfer step in which a patterning device is used to impart a radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to define a pattern to be transferred by the lithographic pattern transfer step; and the tilt data is used to control the lithographic pattern transfer step. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step is applied during formation, by the lithographic pattern transfer step, of a pattern in a layer above the target layer. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step comprises modifying one or more selected from a dose applied by the radiation beam, a focus of the radiation beam, and/or one or more optical aberrations applied to the radiation beam. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step comprises changing a nominal overlay between a pattern formed in a layer by the lithographic pattern transfer step and a pattern in a different layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure is formed by an etching process comprising:
a first etching step in which a pattern is etched into a layer above the target layer; and a second etching step in which a pattern is etched into the target layer, wherein the pattern etched into the layer above the target layer defines the pattern etched into the target layer. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring overlay between patterns in different layers of the structure independently of the measurement of tilt in the etching path through the target layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the measured overlay is used in combination with the measured tilt in the target layer to deduce a tilt in an etching path in the layer etched by the first etching step. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the deduced tilt is used to control the first etching process during formation of a subsequently formed instance of the structure. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein a nominal overlay between the target layer and a different layer is changed to compensate for the deduced tilt. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement of tilt comprises a non-destructive measurement of tilt. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement of tilt comprises illuminating the structure with radiation and detecting radiation redirected by the structure. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the detected radiation is primarily zeroth order radiation. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the tilt is extracted from an asymmetric component of a detected representation of radiation redirected by the structure. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a device structure. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer non-transitory readable medium having instructions therein, the instructions, upon execution by a computer system, configured to cause the computer system to at least:
obtain tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate, the tilt representing a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer; and using the tilt data to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer. | Methods of controlling a patterning process are disclosed. In one arrangement, tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate is obtained. The tilt represents a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer. The tilt data is used to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer.1. A method of controlling a patterning process, the method comprising:
obtaining tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate, the tilt representing a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer; and using the tilt data to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterning process comprises an etching process and the tilt data is used to control the etching process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process is applied during formation, by the etching process, of a pattern in a layer above the target layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process is applied during formation, by the etching process, of a pattern in a layer in or on, a subsequently formed instance of the structure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the control of the etching process comprises controlling one or more selected from: a thermal pattern across a substrate, a chemical concentration pattern in plasma used in the etching process, an electric field pattern surrounding a substrate during the etching process, and/or a voltage applied to one or more electrodes during the etching process. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the patterning process comprises a lithographic pattern transfer step in which a patterning device is used to impart a radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to define a pattern to be transferred by the lithographic pattern transfer step; and the tilt data is used to control the lithographic pattern transfer step. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step is applied during formation, by the lithographic pattern transfer step, of a pattern in a layer above the target layer. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step comprises modifying one or more selected from a dose applied by the radiation beam, a focus of the radiation beam, and/or one or more optical aberrations applied to the radiation beam. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the control of the lithographic pattern transfer step comprises changing a nominal overlay between a pattern formed in a layer by the lithographic pattern transfer step and a pattern in a different layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure is formed by an etching process comprising:
a first etching step in which a pattern is etched into a layer above the target layer; and a second etching step in which a pattern is etched into the target layer, wherein the pattern etched into the layer above the target layer defines the pattern etched into the target layer. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring overlay between patterns in different layers of the structure independently of the measurement of tilt in the etching path through the target layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the measured overlay is used in combination with the measured tilt in the target layer to deduce a tilt in an etching path in the layer etched by the first etching step. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the deduced tilt is used to control the first etching process during formation of a subsequently formed instance of the structure. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein a nominal overlay between the target layer and a different layer is changed to compensate for the deduced tilt. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement of tilt comprises a non-destructive measurement of tilt. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement of tilt comprises illuminating the structure with radiation and detecting radiation redirected by the structure. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the detected radiation is primarily zeroth order radiation. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the tilt is extracted from an asymmetric component of a detected representation of radiation redirected by the structure. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a device structure. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer non-transitory readable medium having instructions therein, the instructions, upon execution by a computer system, configured to cause the computer system to at least:
obtain tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate, the tilt representing a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer; and using the tilt data to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer. | 1,700 |
338,628 | 16,641,682 | 1,773 | A domestic compact article folding machine (10) configured for autonomous article folding includes first, second and third primary conveyors (CI, C2, C3), at least two of which in a stacked formation, each includes two primary rollers (32) and a primary belt (34) which extends thereabout. First and second holding conveyors (Ul, U2), each includes at least three holding rollers (32) and a holding belt (34) which extends thereabout. Each of the holding conveyors engages each of the first and second primary conveyors respectively. The folding machine further includes at least a first width-folder (38) which is configured for creating a width-fold in the article and at least a first length-folder (64) which is configured for creating a length-fold in the article. | 1. A domestic compact article folding machine (10, 210) configured for autonomous article folding and comprising:
first, second and third primary conveyors (C1, C2, C3), at least two of which being in a stacked formation, each comprising two primary rollers (32) and a primary belt (34) extending thereabout; first and second holding conveyors (U1, U2), each comprising at least three holding rollers (32) and a holding belt (34) extending thereabout, each of the holding conveyors (Ul, U2) being in engagement with each of the first and second primary conveyors (CI, C2) respectively; at least a first width-folder (38, 238) being configured creating a width-fold in the article; and at least a first length-folder 264) being configured for creating a length-fold in the article. 2. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) comprises only a single first width-folder (40) and only a single first length-folder (64). 3. The folding machine (10, 210) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a second width-folder (40, 240) configured for creating a width-fold in the article. 4. The folding machine (10, 210) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a second length-folder (66, 266) configured for creating a length-fold in the article. 5. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein said engagement between each primary and holding conveyor (C, U) is configured for pulling, reversing and reducing thickness of articles. 6. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first width-folder (38) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located at the first primary conveyor (CI). 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first length-folder (64) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located between the third primary conveyor (C3) and the second holding conveyor (U2). 10. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a fourth primary conveyor (C4) and a third holding conveyor (U3). 11. The folding machine (10) according to claim 10, wherein the first length-folder (64) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located between the fourth primary conveyor (C4) and the third holding conveyor (U3). 12. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein, the first width folder (38) comprises width adjustable female and male members (46, 48) configured to passively fold excess fabric in a lateral direction as the article is being pulled thereacross in the longitudinal direction. 13. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein, the second width folder (40) comprises folding arms (58) configured to throw and fold excess fabric in a lateral direction as the article is being conveyed in the longitudinal direction. 14. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein in a vertical direction, at least portions of each holding conveyor are located both above and under an associated primary conveyor. 15. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of exactly one roller (32) of each primary conveyor is located between two holding rollers (32) of each associated holding conveyor, and the primary belt (34) engages the holding belt (34) and forces it inwards, towards the third roller (32) of the same holding conveyor. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein in a view in a vertical direction, each pair of adjacent primary, conveyors have at least 50 percent overlap therebetween. 19. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the article is length-folded for the first time between a primary conveyor and a moving receiving surface located therebeneath. 20. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) has a box-shaped enclosure (18) which comprises machine top and bottom surfaces (20, 22) and a machine peripheral surface (24) which extends therebetween; and in an operative mode, a the loading system (14) protrudes outwardly from the machine peripheral surface (24). 21. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) includes a loading system (14) which comprises an active hanger (68) assembly which is adjustable in width and configured to receive various article sizes from a machine user. 22-25. (canceled) 26. The folding machine (10) according to claim 21, wherein an unloading system (16) is located on the same side of folding machine (10) as the loading system (14). 27. The folding machine (10) according to claim 21, wherein the loading system (14) is retractable, and folds inside the machine in a non-operative, or folded mode. 28. The folding machine (10) according to claim 26, wherein the unloading system (16) comprises a conveyor or other means which moves back and forth in the longitudinal direction and configured for stacking articles by being in semi-independent relationship with a primary conveyor located thereabove. 29-34. (canceled) 35. An article folding method using a folding machine (210) according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) receiving an article from the user into the active hanger (268) with an article hack facing the folding machine (210) and an article front facing the user or upwards in the vertical direction;
(b) pulling the article using the active hanger (268) via the first width-folder (238) and performing a first width-fold;
(c) pulling the article using the active hanger (268) and dropping it onto the first primary conveyor (CI);
(d) performing the second width-fold using the second width-folder (240);
(e) conveying the article and reversing it between the first holding conveyor (Ul) and the first primary conveyor (CI) and onto the second primary conveyor (C2);
(f) conveying the article and reversing it between the second holding conveyor U2 and the second primary conveyor (C2) and at least partially conveying the article onto the active third primary conveyor (C3);
(g) folding the first length-fold by conveying the article, at least partially, through the folding space (FS) between the second holding conveyor (U2) and the third primary conveyor (C3) and onto the fourth primary conveyor (C4) rotating in a first direction;
(h) folding the second length-fold by conveying the article in a direction opposite the first direction via the fourth primary conveyor (C4); and
(i) conveying the article to an unloading system. | A domestic compact article folding machine (10) configured for autonomous article folding includes first, second and third primary conveyors (CI, C2, C3), at least two of which in a stacked formation, each includes two primary rollers (32) and a primary belt (34) which extends thereabout. First and second holding conveyors (Ul, U2), each includes at least three holding rollers (32) and a holding belt (34) which extends thereabout. Each of the holding conveyors engages each of the first and second primary conveyors respectively. The folding machine further includes at least a first width-folder (38) which is configured for creating a width-fold in the article and at least a first length-folder (64) which is configured for creating a length-fold in the article.1. A domestic compact article folding machine (10, 210) configured for autonomous article folding and comprising:
first, second and third primary conveyors (C1, C2, C3), at least two of which being in a stacked formation, each comprising two primary rollers (32) and a primary belt (34) extending thereabout; first and second holding conveyors (U1, U2), each comprising at least three holding rollers (32) and a holding belt (34) extending thereabout, each of the holding conveyors (Ul, U2) being in engagement with each of the first and second primary conveyors (CI, C2) respectively; at least a first width-folder (38, 238) being configured creating a width-fold in the article; and at least a first length-folder 264) being configured for creating a length-fold in the article. 2. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) comprises only a single first width-folder (40) and only a single first length-folder (64). 3. The folding machine (10, 210) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a second width-folder (40, 240) configured for creating a width-fold in the article. 4. The folding machine (10, 210) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a second length-folder (66, 266) configured for creating a length-fold in the article. 5. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein said engagement between each primary and holding conveyor (C, U) is configured for pulling, reversing and reducing thickness of articles. 6. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first width-folder (38) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located at the first primary conveyor (CI). 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first length-folder (64) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located between the third primary conveyor (C3) and the second holding conveyor (U2). 10. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) further comprises a fourth primary conveyor (C4) and a third holding conveyor (U3). 11. The folding machine (10) according to claim 10, wherein the first length-folder (64) is arranged, and configured, to fold articles located between the fourth primary conveyor (C4) and the third holding conveyor (U3). 12. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein, the first width folder (38) comprises width adjustable female and male members (46, 48) configured to passively fold excess fabric in a lateral direction as the article is being pulled thereacross in the longitudinal direction. 13. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein, the second width folder (40) comprises folding arms (58) configured to throw and fold excess fabric in a lateral direction as the article is being conveyed in the longitudinal direction. 14. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein in a vertical direction, at least portions of each holding conveyor are located both above and under an associated primary conveyor. 15. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of exactly one roller (32) of each primary conveyor is located between two holding rollers (32) of each associated holding conveyor, and the primary belt (34) engages the holding belt (34) and forces it inwards, towards the third roller (32) of the same holding conveyor. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein in a view in a vertical direction, each pair of adjacent primary, conveyors have at least 50 percent overlap therebetween. 19. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the article is length-folded for the first time between a primary conveyor and a moving receiving surface located therebeneath. 20. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) has a box-shaped enclosure (18) which comprises machine top and bottom surfaces (20, 22) and a machine peripheral surface (24) which extends therebetween; and in an operative mode, a the loading system (14) protrudes outwardly from the machine peripheral surface (24). 21. The folding machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the folding machine (10) includes a loading system (14) which comprises an active hanger (68) assembly which is adjustable in width and configured to receive various article sizes from a machine user. 22-25. (canceled) 26. The folding machine (10) according to claim 21, wherein an unloading system (16) is located on the same side of folding machine (10) as the loading system (14). 27. The folding machine (10) according to claim 21, wherein the loading system (14) is retractable, and folds inside the machine in a non-operative, or folded mode. 28. The folding machine (10) according to claim 26, wherein the unloading system (16) comprises a conveyor or other means which moves back and forth in the longitudinal direction and configured for stacking articles by being in semi-independent relationship with a primary conveyor located thereabove. 29-34. (canceled) 35. An article folding method using a folding machine (210) according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) receiving an article from the user into the active hanger (268) with an article hack facing the folding machine (210) and an article front facing the user or upwards in the vertical direction;
(b) pulling the article using the active hanger (268) via the first width-folder (238) and performing a first width-fold;
(c) pulling the article using the active hanger (268) and dropping it onto the first primary conveyor (CI);
(d) performing the second width-fold using the second width-folder (240);
(e) conveying the article and reversing it between the first holding conveyor (Ul) and the first primary conveyor (CI) and onto the second primary conveyor (C2);
(f) conveying the article and reversing it between the second holding conveyor U2 and the second primary conveyor (C2) and at least partially conveying the article onto the active third primary conveyor (C3);
(g) folding the first length-fold by conveying the article, at least partially, through the folding space (FS) between the second holding conveyor (U2) and the third primary conveyor (C3) and onto the fourth primary conveyor (C4) rotating in a first direction;
(h) folding the second length-fold by conveying the article in a direction opposite the first direction via the fourth primary conveyor (C4); and
(i) conveying the article to an unloading system. | 1,700 |
338,629 | 16,641,674 | 1,773 | A method for counting photons using a photomultiplier includes obtaining a measurement signal from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier by correcting the raw signal for a noise signal and/or an offset, wherein an incident photon produces a pulse in the raw signal. The measurement signal is integrated over time to form an analog integrated measurement signal. A number of photons that are incident in the photomultiplier is ascertained by comparing a value of the analog integrated measurement signal to an integral proportionality value which corresponds to a specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier. | 1: A method for counting photons using a photomultiplier, the method comprising:
obtaining a measurement signal from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier by correcting the raw signal for a noise signal and/or an offset, wherein an incident photon produces a pulse in the raw signal, integrating the measurement signal over time to form an analog integrated measurement signal, and ascertaining a number of photons that are incident in the photomultiplier by comparing a value of the analog integrated measurement signal to an integral proportionality value which corresponds to a specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier. 2: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the noise signal and/or the offset is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier in darkness. 3: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral proportionality value which corresponds to the specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier is determined by integrating a calibration signal, which is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier, over time to form an integrated calibration signal, and wherein a number of photons that were incident in the photomultiplier during the integration time is determined. 4: The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the photons incident in the photomultiplier is determined by comparing the calibration signal to a predetermined photon detection threshold value. 5: The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising determining a normalized integral proportionality value that corresponds to a single photon incident in the photomultiplier. 6: The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calibration signal is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier at a low photon rate and/or in darkness. 7: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the photons is determined by incrementing a counting value of the number of the photons each time the value of the analog integrated measurement signal has increased by the integral proportionality value. 8: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral proportionality value is subtracted from the analog integrated measurement signal each time the value of the analog integrated measurement signal reaches the integral proportionality value or exceeds it. 9: The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the number of the photons is determined by incrementing a counting value of the number of the photons each time the integral proportionality value is subtracted from the analog integrated measurement signal. 10: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photomultiplier is a semiconductor or silicon photomultiplier. 11: The method as claimed in claim 1, used wherein the method is performed in a microscope system, confocal microscope system, or scanning confocal microscope system. 12: An arrangement comprising a photomultiplier and a computing unit and being configured to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 13. (canceled) 14: A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having a computer program comprising commands that cause an arrangement comprising a photomultiplier and a computing unit to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 15: A microscope system, confocal microscope system, or scanning confocal microscope system having the arrangement as claimed in claim 12. | A method for counting photons using a photomultiplier includes obtaining a measurement signal from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier by correcting the raw signal for a noise signal and/or an offset, wherein an incident photon produces a pulse in the raw signal. The measurement signal is integrated over time to form an analog integrated measurement signal. A number of photons that are incident in the photomultiplier is ascertained by comparing a value of the analog integrated measurement signal to an integral proportionality value which corresponds to a specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier.1: A method for counting photons using a photomultiplier, the method comprising:
obtaining a measurement signal from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier by correcting the raw signal for a noise signal and/or an offset, wherein an incident photon produces a pulse in the raw signal, integrating the measurement signal over time to form an analog integrated measurement signal, and ascertaining a number of photons that are incident in the photomultiplier by comparing a value of the analog integrated measurement signal to an integral proportionality value which corresponds to a specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier. 2: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the noise signal and/or the offset is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier in darkness. 3: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral proportionality value which corresponds to the specific number of photons incident in the photomultiplier is determined by integrating a calibration signal, which is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier, over time to form an integrated calibration signal, and wherein a number of photons that were incident in the photomultiplier during the integration time is determined. 4: The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the photons incident in the photomultiplier is determined by comparing the calibration signal to a predetermined photon detection threshold value. 5: The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising determining a normalized integral proportionality value that corresponds to a single photon incident in the photomultiplier. 6: The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calibration signal is obtained from a raw signal produced by the photomultiplier at a low photon rate and/or in darkness. 7: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the photons is determined by incrementing a counting value of the number of the photons each time the value of the analog integrated measurement signal has increased by the integral proportionality value. 8: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral proportionality value is subtracted from the analog integrated measurement signal each time the value of the analog integrated measurement signal reaches the integral proportionality value or exceeds it. 9: The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the number of the photons is determined by incrementing a counting value of the number of the photons each time the integral proportionality value is subtracted from the analog integrated measurement signal. 10: The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photomultiplier is a semiconductor or silicon photomultiplier. 11: The method as claimed in claim 1, used wherein the method is performed in a microscope system, confocal microscope system, or scanning confocal microscope system. 12: An arrangement comprising a photomultiplier and a computing unit and being configured to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 13. (canceled) 14: A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having a computer program comprising commands that cause an arrangement comprising a photomultiplier and a computing unit to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 15: A microscope system, confocal microscope system, or scanning confocal microscope system having the arrangement as claimed in claim 12. | 1,700 |
338,630 | 16,641,695 | 1,773 | The invention relates to a method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus by pressurization with ammonia gas to constant pressure. In this way, phosgene residues in the apparatus to be cleaned are decomposed effectively. | 1. A method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus which has at least one feed conduit which can be shut off and at least one discharge conduit which can be shut off, comprising:
a) lowering the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned to a value of less than or equal to 900 mbar(abs.); b) shutting off all conduits connected to the apparatus to be cleaned with the exception of at least one feed conduit for gaseous ammonia; c) introducing gaseous ammonia from an ammonia gas source through the at least one feed conduit which has not been shut off until a predetermined pressure of greater than or equal to 1.01 bar(abs.) is built up in the apparatus to be cleaned; d) measuring the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned, continuously or at intervals of at most 1 hour, and, as soon as the pressure drops by more than 5.0% below the predetermined pressure, returning the pressure to the predetermined pressure or to a value deviating at most ±2.0% from the predetermined pressure by introducing further gaseous ammonia; and e) once the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned remains in a fluctuation range of ±5.0% around the predetermined pressure, for a period of more than 1.0 hour, separating the ammonia gas source from the apparatus to be cleaned, optionally, lowering the pressure in the apparatus, releasing the shutting-off of at least one discharge conduit, followed by passing an inert gas through the apparatus to be cleaned. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a) is preceded by:
aa) passing carbon monoxide through the apparatus to be cleaned. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
ab) an inert gas is passed through the apparatus to be cleaned after step aa) and before step a). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step a). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 50.0° C. to 80.0° C. during steps c) and d). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein step e) is followed by:
f) passing an aqueous stream through the apparatus to be cleaned, followed by drying by passing air or an inert gas through. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is, after step e), either opened or taken into operation without an aqueous stream being passed through the apparatus to be cleaned before the opening or the taking into operation. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned comprises:
a reactor for preparing phosgene, a reactor for reacting phosgene with a reactive starting material, a work-up apparatus for purifying products produced using phosgene, or peripheral equipment. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is a reactor filled with activated carbon suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the reactor filled with activated carbon suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine is part of a production plant for preparing a chemical product by reacting a phosgene-reactive starting material with phosgene. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the phosgene-reactive starting material is a compound having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups or a compound having two or more primary amino groups. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the production plant for preparing a chemical product has n reactors suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine which are filled with activated carbon and can be regulated independently of one another, where n is a natural number from 2 to 10, with phosgene being prepared from carbon monoxide and chlorine in m reactors, where m is a natural number in the range from 1 to n−1, while the steps aa), optionally ab), and a) to e) are carried out in at least one reactor. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the carbon monoxide-containing gas leaving the apparatus to be cleaned in step aa) is fed to a process for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein step e) or, if carried out, step f) is followed by:
g) removing the activated carbon from the reactor and adding fresh activated carbon to the reactor. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined pressure in step c) is in the range from 1.02 bar(abs.) to 4.00 bar(abs.). 16. The method according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step aa). 17. The method according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step ab). 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein
ab) an inert gas is passed through the apparatus to be cleaned before step a). | The invention relates to a method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus by pressurization with ammonia gas to constant pressure. In this way, phosgene residues in the apparatus to be cleaned are decomposed effectively.1. A method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus which has at least one feed conduit which can be shut off and at least one discharge conduit which can be shut off, comprising:
a) lowering the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned to a value of less than or equal to 900 mbar(abs.); b) shutting off all conduits connected to the apparatus to be cleaned with the exception of at least one feed conduit for gaseous ammonia; c) introducing gaseous ammonia from an ammonia gas source through the at least one feed conduit which has not been shut off until a predetermined pressure of greater than or equal to 1.01 bar(abs.) is built up in the apparatus to be cleaned; d) measuring the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned, continuously or at intervals of at most 1 hour, and, as soon as the pressure drops by more than 5.0% below the predetermined pressure, returning the pressure to the predetermined pressure or to a value deviating at most ±2.0% from the predetermined pressure by introducing further gaseous ammonia; and e) once the pressure in the apparatus to be cleaned remains in a fluctuation range of ±5.0% around the predetermined pressure, for a period of more than 1.0 hour, separating the ammonia gas source from the apparatus to be cleaned, optionally, lowering the pressure in the apparatus, releasing the shutting-off of at least one discharge conduit, followed by passing an inert gas through the apparatus to be cleaned. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a) is preceded by:
aa) passing carbon monoxide through the apparatus to be cleaned. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
ab) an inert gas is passed through the apparatus to be cleaned after step aa) and before step a). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step a). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 50.0° C. to 80.0° C. during steps c) and d). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein step e) is followed by:
f) passing an aqueous stream through the apparatus to be cleaned, followed by drying by passing air or an inert gas through. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is, after step e), either opened or taken into operation without an aqueous stream being passed through the apparatus to be cleaned before the opening or the taking into operation. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned comprises:
a reactor for preparing phosgene, a reactor for reacting phosgene with a reactive starting material, a work-up apparatus for purifying products produced using phosgene, or peripheral equipment. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is a reactor filled with activated carbon suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the reactor filled with activated carbon suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine is part of a production plant for preparing a chemical product by reacting a phosgene-reactive starting material with phosgene. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the phosgene-reactive starting material is a compound having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups or a compound having two or more primary amino groups. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the production plant for preparing a chemical product has n reactors suitable for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine which are filled with activated carbon and can be regulated independently of one another, where n is a natural number from 2 to 10, with phosgene being prepared from carbon monoxide and chlorine in m reactors, where m is a natural number in the range from 1 to n−1, while the steps aa), optionally ab), and a) to e) are carried out in at least one reactor. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the carbon monoxide-containing gas leaving the apparatus to be cleaned in step aa) is fed to a process for preparing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein step e) or, if carried out, step f) is followed by:
g) removing the activated carbon from the reactor and adding fresh activated carbon to the reactor. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined pressure in step c) is in the range from 1.02 bar(abs.) to 4.00 bar(abs.). 16. The method according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step aa). 17. The method according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus to be cleaned is brought to a temperature in the range from 60.0° C. to 140.0° C. during step ab). 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein
ab) an inert gas is passed through the apparatus to be cleaned before step a). | 1,700 |
338,631 | 16,641,673 | 1,773 | Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an organic thin film pattern, an organic thin film pattern, an array substrate, and a display device. The method for manufacturing the organic thin film pattern includes the steps of forming a liquid droplet in a recessed portion of a thin film definition layer on a substrate, the liquid droplet being a solution containing an organic functional material, gelatinizing the liquid droplet, and performing a drying process on gelatinized liquid droplet to form an organic thin film pattern. | 1. A method for manufacturing an organic thin film pattern, comprising:
forming a liquid droplet in a recessed portion of a thin film definition layer on a substrate, the liquid droplet being a solution containing an organic functional material; gelatinizing the liquid droplet; and performing a drying process on gelatinized liquid droplet to form an organic thin film pattern. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein forming the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
using a solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the solution process is one of an ink jet printing process and a screen printing process. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein using the solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
using an ink jet printing process to print a first ink droplet containing the organic functional material into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; and using an ink jet printing process to print a second ink droplet as a gel system solvent into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; the first ink droplet and the second ink droplet being mutually soluble, thereby forming the liquid droplet. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a volume of the second ink droplet is 10%˜40% of a volume of the first ink droplet. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein using the solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
applying a liquid droplet of a mixed solution into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; the mixed solution comprising the organic functional material and a gel system solvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein gelatinizing the liquid droplet comprises:
gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature comprises:
gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature of an operation platform. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing the drying process on the gelatinized liquid droplet to form the organic thin film pattern comprises:
performing a vacuum freeze-drying process on the gelatinized liquid droplet to form the organic thin film pattern. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 11. An organic thin film pattern formed by using the method according to claim 1. 12. An array substrate comprising a plurality of organic light emitting diodes; wherein each of the plurality of organic light emitting diodes comprises an organic light emitting functional layer, and the organic light emitting functional layer is the organic thin film pattern according to claim 11. 13. A display device comprising the array substrate according to claim 12. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 16. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 17. The method according to claim 5, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 18. The method according to claim 6, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 19. The method according to claim 7, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 20. The method according to claim 8, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. | Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an organic thin film pattern, an organic thin film pattern, an array substrate, and a display device. The method for manufacturing the organic thin film pattern includes the steps of forming a liquid droplet in a recessed portion of a thin film definition layer on a substrate, the liquid droplet being a solution containing an organic functional material, gelatinizing the liquid droplet, and performing a drying process on gelatinized liquid droplet to form an organic thin film pattern.1. A method for manufacturing an organic thin film pattern, comprising:
forming a liquid droplet in a recessed portion of a thin film definition layer on a substrate, the liquid droplet being a solution containing an organic functional material; gelatinizing the liquid droplet; and performing a drying process on gelatinized liquid droplet to form an organic thin film pattern. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein forming the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
using a solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the solution process is one of an ink jet printing process and a screen printing process. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein using the solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
using an ink jet printing process to print a first ink droplet containing the organic functional material into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; and using an ink jet printing process to print a second ink droplet as a gel system solvent into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; the first ink droplet and the second ink droplet being mutually soluble, thereby forming the liquid droplet. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a volume of the second ink droplet is 10%˜40% of a volume of the first ink droplet. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein using the solution process to form the liquid droplet in the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer on the substrate comprises:
applying a liquid droplet of a mixed solution into the recessed portion of the thin film definition layer; the mixed solution comprising the organic functional material and a gel system solvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein gelatinizing the liquid droplet comprises:
gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature comprises:
gelatinizing the liquid droplet by lowering a temperature of an operation platform. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing the drying process on the gelatinized liquid droplet to form the organic thin film pattern comprises:
performing a vacuum freeze-drying process on the gelatinized liquid droplet to form the organic thin film pattern. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 11. An organic thin film pattern formed by using the method according to claim 1. 12. An array substrate comprising a plurality of organic light emitting diodes; wherein each of the plurality of organic light emitting diodes comprises an organic light emitting functional layer, and the organic light emitting functional layer is the organic thin film pattern according to claim 11. 13. A display device comprising the array substrate according to claim 12. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 16. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 17. The method according to claim 5, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 18. The method according to claim 6, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 19. The method according to claim 7, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. 20. The method according to claim 8, wherein at least a part of a lateral surface of the recessed portion close to the substrate is lyophilic. | 1,700 |
338,632 | 16,638,344 | 1,773 | A menu generation system that stores a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in association with each other; receives a selected first menu item property in the first language, the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal, extracts the first menu item property, and transmits, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. | 1-18: (canceled) 19: A menu generation system that generates a menu of a restaurant in multiple languages, the menu generation system comprising:
a memory that stores a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in association with each other and that stores each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in association with each other; and processing circuitry that: receives a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory, the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal, extracts the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language, and transmits, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. 20: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels including a primary level relating to a primary node and a lower level relating to one or more second menu item properties associated with lower levels than the primary level, the memory stores a property value of each second menu item property that belongs to any one of the plurality of levels and a property value of a corresponding one of the first menu item properties in association with each other, and the processing circuitry: identifies a second menu item as the primary node, extracts the primary node and one or more second menu item properties in the one or more lower levels, and transmits the extracted primary node and the one or more second menu item properties to the user terminal. 21: The menu generation system according to claim 20, wherein
the first menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels, and the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels. 22: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein the user terminal transmits language specification information for specifying a language in which text information is shown in the user terminal as the second language. 23: The menu generation system according to claim 22, wherein the language in which the text information is shown in the user terminal is determined based on a location of the user terminal at a particular point in time. 24: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein the memory stores each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the first language and a second menu item property in association with each other. 25: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the first menu item property is a cooking style, and the second menu item property is an ingredient. 26: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the first menu item property is an ingredient, and the second menu item property is a cooking style. 27: A menu generation method that is executed by a computer, the computer including a memory, the computer including processing circuitry being configured to generate a menu of a restaurant in one or more languages, the menu generation method comprising:
storing a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in the memory in association with each other and storing each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in the memory in association with each other; receiving a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal; extracting the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language; and transmitting, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. 28: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein
the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels including a primary level relating to a primary node and a lower level relating to one or more second menu item properties associated with lower levels than the primary level, and a property value of each second menu item property that belongs to any one of the plurality of levels and a property value of a corresponding one of the first menu item properties are stored in the memory in association with each other. 29: The menu generating method according to claim 28, further comprising:
identifying a second menu item as the primary node; extracting the primary node and one or more second menu item properties in the one or more lower levels; and transmitting the extracted primary node and the one or more second menu item properties to the user terminal. 30: The menu generation method according to claim 29, wherein
the first menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels, and the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels. 31: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein the user terminal transmits language specification information for specifying a language in which text information is shown in the user terminal as the second language. 32: The menu generation method according to claim 31, wherein the language in which the text information is shown in the user terminal is determined based on a location of the user terminal at a particular point in time. 33: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the first language and a second menu item property are stored in the memory in association with each other. 34: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein
the first menu item property is a cooking style, and the second menu item property is an ingredient. 35: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein:
the first menu item property is an ingredient, and the second menu item property is a cooking style. 36: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a menu generation program, the menu generation program which when executed by a computer of an information processing system causing the computer, including a memory and configured to generate a menu of a restaurant in one or more languages, to perform a menu generation method, the menu generation method comprising:
storing a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in the memory in association with each other and storing each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in the memory in association with each other; receiving a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal; extracting the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language; and transmitting, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. | A menu generation system that stores a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in association with each other; receives a selected first menu item property in the first language, the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal, extracts the first menu item property, and transmits, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish.1-18: (canceled) 19: A menu generation system that generates a menu of a restaurant in multiple languages, the menu generation system comprising:
a memory that stores a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in association with each other and that stores each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in association with each other; and processing circuitry that: receives a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory, the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal, extracts the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language, and transmits, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. 20: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels including a primary level relating to a primary node and a lower level relating to one or more second menu item properties associated with lower levels than the primary level, the memory stores a property value of each second menu item property that belongs to any one of the plurality of levels and a property value of a corresponding one of the first menu item properties in association with each other, and the processing circuitry: identifies a second menu item as the primary node, extracts the primary node and one or more second menu item properties in the one or more lower levels, and transmits the extracted primary node and the one or more second menu item properties to the user terminal. 21: The menu generation system according to claim 20, wherein
the first menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels, and the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels. 22: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein the user terminal transmits language specification information for specifying a language in which text information is shown in the user terminal as the second language. 23: The menu generation system according to claim 22, wherein the language in which the text information is shown in the user terminal is determined based on a location of the user terminal at a particular point in time. 24: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein the memory stores each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the first language and a second menu item property in association with each other. 25: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the first menu item property is a cooking style, and the second menu item property is an ingredient. 26: The menu generation system according to claim 19, wherein
the first menu item property is an ingredient, and the second menu item property is a cooking style. 27: A menu generation method that is executed by a computer, the computer including a memory, the computer including processing circuitry being configured to generate a menu of a restaurant in one or more languages, the menu generation method comprising:
storing a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in the memory in association with each other and storing each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in the memory in association with each other; receiving a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal; extracting the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language; and transmitting, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. 28: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein
the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels including a primary level relating to a primary node and a lower level relating to one or more second menu item properties associated with lower levels than the primary level, and a property value of each second menu item property that belongs to any one of the plurality of levels and a property value of a corresponding one of the first menu item properties are stored in the memory in association with each other. 29: The menu generating method according to claim 28, further comprising:
identifying a second menu item as the primary node; extracting the primary node and one or more second menu item properties in the one or more lower levels; and transmitting the extracted primary node and the one or more second menu item properties to the user terminal. 30: The menu generation method according to claim 29, wherein
the first menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels, and the second menu item properties have a tree structure with a plurality of levels. 31: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein the user terminal transmits language specification information for specifying a language in which text information is shown in the user terminal as the second language. 32: The menu generation method according to claim 31, wherein the language in which the text information is shown in the user terminal is determined based on a location of the user terminal at a particular point in time. 33: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the first language and a second menu item property are stored in the memory in association with each other. 34: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein
the first menu item property is a cooking style, and the second menu item property is an ingredient. 35: The menu generation method according to claim 27, wherein:
the first menu item property is an ingredient, and the second menu item property is a cooking style. 36: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a menu generation program, the menu generation program which when executed by a computer of an information processing system causing the computer, including a memory and configured to generate a menu of a restaurant in one or more languages, to perform a menu generation method, the menu generation method comprising:
storing a first menu item property in a first language and a plurality of first menu item properties in a second language in the memory in association with each other and storing each of the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language and a second menu item property in the memory in association with each other; receiving a selected and input first menu item property from a user terminal in the first language and a selected and input second menu item property for a predetermined dish from among menu item properties stored in the memory the first language being based on a setting of the user terminal; extracting the first menu item property in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received second menu item property, from among the plurality of first menu item properties in the second language, stored in the memory in association with the received first menu item property in the first language; and transmitting, to the user terminal, the extracted first menu item property in the second language for the predetermined dish. | 1,700 |
338,633 | 16,641,671 | 1,773 | An ablation catheter (100) for ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia is provided. The catheter comprises a shaft (102) which is capable of being guided to the tissue to be ablated. An ablation element (104) for ablating tissue is mounted on the shaft. The catheter further comprises a plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays (106) for obtaining images of myocardial tissue. The arrays are positioned separately from each other around the circumference of the shaft. The catheter can adopt a folded configuration and a deployed configuration. In the folded configuration, the arrays are positioned against or close to the shaft thereby facilitating insertion and guiding of the catheter. In the deployed configuration, the arrays are more separated from the shaft than in the folded configuration. Further provided is a catheter arrangement including the ablation catheter, and a system for providing ablative treatment comprising the ablation catheter or catheter arrangement. | 1. An ablation catheter for ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia comprising:
a shaft; an ablation element mounted on said shaft; a plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays for obtaining images of myocardial tissue, the arrays being spaced relative to each other around the shaft, wherein the catheter is configurable to adopt a folded configuration in which the arrays extend along the shaft, and a deployed configuration in which the arrays are more separated from the shaft than in the folded configuration and wherein each of the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays is coupled to the shaft by a hinge, pivoting of said hinge enabling configuring of said catheter. 2. The ablation catheter of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducer arrays extend outwardly from the shaft in the deployed configuration. 3. The ablation catheter of claim 1, comprising at least three ultrasound transducer arrays. 4. The ablation catheter of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducer arrays are evenly spaced relative to each other around the shaft in the deployed configuration. 5. The ablation catheter of claim 4, comprising a balloon positioned between the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays and the shaft, said deployed configuration being adopted upon inflation of said balloon. 6. The ablation catheter of claim 5, wherein the balloon comprises a bulbous shape when inflated which extends from the shaft outwardly towards outer peripheries of the ultrasound transducer arrays. 7. The ablation catheter of claim 5, wherein the balloon comprises a compliant material for conforming to anatomical features when said balloon is inflated. 8. The ablation catheter of claim 5, comprising a plurality of sensing electrodes for measuring electrograms mounted on the balloon, said sensing electrodes being spatially separated relative to each other when the balloon is inflated. 9. The ablation catheter of claim 1, comprising a guide catheter having a bore dimensioned to receive the ablation catheter in the folded configuration and an expandable basket on which the plurality of ultrasound transducers arrays is mounted, said expandable basket comprising a plurality of flexible curved splines configured to bulge outwards from the shaft when a distal portion of the ablation catheter emerges from the guide catheter, said deployed configuration being adopted upon expansion of said basket, optionally wherein a plurality of sensing electrodes for measuring electrograms are mounted on the basket, said sensing electrodes being spatially separated relative to each other when the basket is expanded. 10. The ablation catheter of claim 9, wherein the ablation element comprises a tip electrode for applying radiofrequency energy to tissue, the tip electrode being mounted on an end of said shaft. 11. The ablation catheter of claim 10, comprising at least one location sensor for tracking the position of said ablation element. 12. The ablation catheter of claim 11, comprising at least one aperture for supplying cooling fluid to an area being subject to said ablative treatment. 13. A catheter arrangement comprising:
an ablation catheter of claim 1; and a guide catheter having a bore dimensioned to receive the ablation catheter in said folded configuration. 14. A system for providing ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia comprising:
an ablation catheter or a catheter arrangement of claim 13; and a display for displaying image data received by the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays. | An ablation catheter (100) for ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia is provided. The catheter comprises a shaft (102) which is capable of being guided to the tissue to be ablated. An ablation element (104) for ablating tissue is mounted on the shaft. The catheter further comprises a plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays (106) for obtaining images of myocardial tissue. The arrays are positioned separately from each other around the circumference of the shaft. The catheter can adopt a folded configuration and a deployed configuration. In the folded configuration, the arrays are positioned against or close to the shaft thereby facilitating insertion and guiding of the catheter. In the deployed configuration, the arrays are more separated from the shaft than in the folded configuration. Further provided is a catheter arrangement including the ablation catheter, and a system for providing ablative treatment comprising the ablation catheter or catheter arrangement.1. An ablation catheter for ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia comprising:
a shaft; an ablation element mounted on said shaft; a plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays for obtaining images of myocardial tissue, the arrays being spaced relative to each other around the shaft, wherein the catheter is configurable to adopt a folded configuration in which the arrays extend along the shaft, and a deployed configuration in which the arrays are more separated from the shaft than in the folded configuration and wherein each of the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays is coupled to the shaft by a hinge, pivoting of said hinge enabling configuring of said catheter. 2. The ablation catheter of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducer arrays extend outwardly from the shaft in the deployed configuration. 3. The ablation catheter of claim 1, comprising at least three ultrasound transducer arrays. 4. The ablation catheter of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducer arrays are evenly spaced relative to each other around the shaft in the deployed configuration. 5. The ablation catheter of claim 4, comprising a balloon positioned between the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays and the shaft, said deployed configuration being adopted upon inflation of said balloon. 6. The ablation catheter of claim 5, wherein the balloon comprises a bulbous shape when inflated which extends from the shaft outwardly towards outer peripheries of the ultrasound transducer arrays. 7. The ablation catheter of claim 5, wherein the balloon comprises a compliant material for conforming to anatomical features when said balloon is inflated. 8. The ablation catheter of claim 5, comprising a plurality of sensing electrodes for measuring electrograms mounted on the balloon, said sensing electrodes being spatially separated relative to each other when the balloon is inflated. 9. The ablation catheter of claim 1, comprising a guide catheter having a bore dimensioned to receive the ablation catheter in the folded configuration and an expandable basket on which the plurality of ultrasound transducers arrays is mounted, said expandable basket comprising a plurality of flexible curved splines configured to bulge outwards from the shaft when a distal portion of the ablation catheter emerges from the guide catheter, said deployed configuration being adopted upon expansion of said basket, optionally wherein a plurality of sensing electrodes for measuring electrograms are mounted on the basket, said sensing electrodes being spatially separated relative to each other when the basket is expanded. 10. The ablation catheter of claim 9, wherein the ablation element comprises a tip electrode for applying radiofrequency energy to tissue, the tip electrode being mounted on an end of said shaft. 11. The ablation catheter of claim 10, comprising at least one location sensor for tracking the position of said ablation element. 12. The ablation catheter of claim 11, comprising at least one aperture for supplying cooling fluid to an area being subject to said ablative treatment. 13. A catheter arrangement comprising:
an ablation catheter of claim 1; and a guide catheter having a bore dimensioned to receive the ablation catheter in said folded configuration. 14. A system for providing ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia comprising:
an ablation catheter or a catheter arrangement of claim 13; and a display for displaying image data received by the plurality of ultrasound transducer arrays. | 1,700 |
338,634 | 16,641,672 | 1,773 | A touch electrode driving circuit, a touch electrode driver, and a touch display device. The touch electrode driving circuit being operable to output touch scan signals to two touch electrodes. The touch electrode driving circuit includes an input terminal, a reset terminal, a first voltage terminal, a second voltage terminal, a third voltage terminal, a fourth voltage terminal, a common voltage signal terminal, a first common voltage signal control terminal, a second common voltage signal control terminal, a first clock signal terminal, a second clock signal terminal, a third clock signal terminal, a fourth clock signal terminal, a touch signal terminal, a touch control signal terminal, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a third output terminal. | 1. A touch electrode driving circuit, comprising:
an input terminal, operable to receive an input pulse; a reset terminal, operable to receive a reset pulse; a first voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a first voltage; a second voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a second voltage; a third voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a third voltage; a fourth voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a fourth voltage; a common voltage signal terminal, operable to be applied with a common voltage signal; a first common voltage signal control terminal, operable to be applied with a first common voltage control signal; a second common voltage signal control terminal, operable to be applied with a second common voltage control signal; a first clock signal terminal, operable to receive a first clock signal; a second clock signal terminal, operable to receive a second clock signal; a third clock signal terminal, operable to receive a third clock signal; a fourth clock signal terminal, operable to receive a fourth clock signal; a touch signal terminal, operable to receive a touch scan signal; a touch control signal terminal, operable to receive a touch control signal; a first output terminal, operable to output a first output signal; a second output terminal, operable to output a second output signal; a third output terminal, operable to output a third output signal; an input circuit, configured to: bring the first voltage terminal into conduction with a first node in response to the input pulse received at the input terminal being active; and bring the second voltage terminal into conduction with the first node in response to the reset pulse received at the reset terminal being active; a first control circuit, configured to: bring the first voltage terminal into conduction with a second node in response to the third clock signal received at the third clock signal terminal being active; and bring the second voltage terminal into conduction with the second node in response to the fourth clock signal received at the fourth clock signal terminal being active; a second control circuit, configured to: bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the first node in response to the second node being at an active potential; a third control circuit, configured to: bring the first clock signal terminal into conduction with a third node in response to the first node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the third node in response to the second node being at an active potential; a fourth control circuit, configured to: bring the second clock signal terminal into conduction with a fourth node in response to the first node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the fourth node in response to the second node being at an active potential; wherein the fourth node is connected with the third output terminal; a fifth control circuit, configured to: bring a fifth node into conduction with the touch control signal terminal in response to the third node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the fifth node in response to the first common voltage control signal received at the first common voltage signal control terminal being active; a sixth control circuit, configured to: bring a sixth node into conduction with the touch control signal terminal in response to the fourth node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the sixth node in response to the second common voltage control signal received at the second common voltage signal control terminal being active; a first output circuit, configured to: bring the first output terminal into conduction with the touch signal terminal in response to the fifth node being at an active potential; and bring the common voltage signal terminal into conduction with the first output terminal in response to the fifth node being at an inactive potential; and a second output circuit, configured to: bring the second output terminal into conduction with the touch signal terminal in response to the sixth node being at an active potential; and bring the common voltage signal terminal into conduction with the second output terminal in response to the sixth node being at an inactive potential. 2. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit comprises:
a first transistor, comprising a gate connected to the input terminal, a first electrode connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second electrode connected to the first node; a second transistor, comprising a gate connected to the reset terminal, a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the second voltage terminal; and a first capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 3. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first control circuit comprises:
a third transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third clock signal terminal, a first electrode connected to the first voltage terminal; a fourth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fourth clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the second voltage terminal; a fifth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a first electrode connected to the second node; and wherein a second electrode of the third transistor, a first electrode of the fourth transistor and a second electrode of the fifth transistor are connected together. 4. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second control circuit comprises a sixth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 5. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein the second control circuit further comprises a second capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 6. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the third control circuit comprises:
a seventh transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a second electrode connected to the first node; a ninth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the third node; a tenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the third node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a third capacitor, comprising a second electrode connected to the third node; and wherein a first electrode of the seventh transistor, a gate of the ninth transistor and a first electrode of the third capacitor are connected together. 7. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 6, wherein the third control circuit further comprises an eleventh transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first node, a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal, wherein the eleventh transistor supplies the fourth voltage at the fourth voltage terminal to the second node in response to the first node being at an active potential. 8. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the fourth control circuit comprises:
an eighth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a second electrode connected to the first node; a twelfth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the fourth node; a fourteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the fourth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a fourth capacitor, comprising a second electrode connected to the fourth node; and wherein a first electrode of the eighth transistor, a gate of the twelfth transistor and a first electrode of the fourth capacitor are connected together. 9. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 8, wherein the fourth control circuit further comprises a thirteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first node, a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal, wherein the thirteenth transistor supplies the fourth voltage at the fourth voltage terminal to the second node in response to the first node being at an active potential. 10. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the fifth control circuit comprises:
a fifteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third node, a first electrode connected to the touch control signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the fifth node; and a sixteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first common voltage signal control terminal, a first electrode connected to the fifth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 11. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sixth control circuit comprises:
a twenty-first transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fourth node, a first electrode connected to the touch control signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the sixth node; and a twenty-second transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second common voltage signal control terminal, a first electrode connected to the sixth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 12. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first output circuit comprises:
a seventeenth transistor, comprising a gate and a first electrode both connected to the third voltage terminal; an eighteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fifth node, a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a nineteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fifth node, a first electrode connected to the touch signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the first output terminal; a twentieth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first output terminal, a second electrode connected to the common voltage signal terminal; and wherein a second electrode of the seventeenth transistor, a first electrode of the eighteenth transistor and a gate of the twentieth transistor are connected together. 13. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 12, wherein the first output circuit further comprises a fifth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the fifth node, and a second electrode connected to the first output terminal. 14. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the first output circuit further comprises a sixth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the gate of the twentieth transistor, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 15. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second output circuit comprises:
a twenty-third transistor, comprising a gate and a first electrode both connected to the third voltage terminal; a twenty-fourth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the sixth node, a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a twenty-fifth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the sixth node, a first electrode connected to the touch signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the second output terminal; a twenty-sixth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second output terminal, a second electrode connected to the common voltage signal terminal; and wherein a second electrode of the twenty-third transistor, a first electrode of the twenty-fourth transistor and a gate of the twenty-sixth transistor are connected together. 16. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 15, wherein the second output circuit further comprises a seventh capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the sixth node, and a second electrode connected to the second output terminal. 17. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the second output circuit further comprises an eighth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the gate of the twenty-sixth transistor, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 18. A touch electrode driver, comprising:
a first voltage line, operable to transfer a first voltage; a second voltage line, operable to transfer a second voltage; a third voltage line, operable to transfer a third voltage; a fourth voltage line, operable to transfer a fourth voltage; a common voltage signal line, operable to be applied with a common voltage signal; a first common voltage signal control line, operable to be applied with a first common voltage control signal; a second common voltage signal control line, operable to be applied with a second common voltage control signal; a first clock line, operable to receive a first clock signal; a second clock line, operable to receive a second clock signal; a third clock line, operable to receive a third clock signal; a fourth clock line, operable to receive a fourth clock signal; a touch signal line, operable to receive a touch scan signal; a touch control signal line, operable to receive a touch control signal; N touch electrode driving circuits according to claim 1 connected in cascade, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, wherein a third output terminal of the m-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to an input terminal of the (m+1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits, m being an integer and 1≤m<N, and wherein a third output terminal of the n-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to a reset terminal of the (n−1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits, n being an integer and 1<n≤N, wherein:
each of first voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first voltage line;
each of second voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the second voltage line;
each of third voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the third voltage line;
each of fourth voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the fourth voltage line;
each of common voltage signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the common voltage signal line;
each of first common voltage signal control terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first common voltage signal control line;
each of second common voltage signal control terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the second common voltage signal control line;
each of touch signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the touch signal line;
each of touch control signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the touch control signal line;
a first clock signal terminal of the (2k−1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first clock line, a second clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the second clock line, a third clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the third clock line, and a fourth clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the fourth clock line; a first clock signal terminal of the (2k)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the third clock line, a second clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the fourth clock line, a third clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the first clock line, and a fourth clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the second clock line; wherein k is a positive integer and 2k≤N. 19. A touch display device, comprising:
the touch electrode driver according to claim 18; a timing sequence controller, configured to: supply the first clock signal, the second clock signal, the third clock signal and the fourth clock signal to the first clock line, the second clock line, the third clock line and the fourth clock line respectively, and provide the first common voltage control signal to the first common voltage signal control line, provide the second common voltage control signal to the second common voltage signal control line, provide the touch control signal to the touch control signal line, and provide the touch signal to the touch signal line; a voltage generator, configured to at least supply the first voltage, the second voltage, the third voltage, the fourth voltage and the common voltage signal to the first voltage line, the second voltage line, the third voltage line, the fourth voltage line and the common voltage signal line respectively; and a touch display panel, configured to display received image data and sense touch operations of a user. | A touch electrode driving circuit, a touch electrode driver, and a touch display device. The touch electrode driving circuit being operable to output touch scan signals to two touch electrodes. The touch electrode driving circuit includes an input terminal, a reset terminal, a first voltage terminal, a second voltage terminal, a third voltage terminal, a fourth voltage terminal, a common voltage signal terminal, a first common voltage signal control terminal, a second common voltage signal control terminal, a first clock signal terminal, a second clock signal terminal, a third clock signal terminal, a fourth clock signal terminal, a touch signal terminal, a touch control signal terminal, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a third output terminal.1. A touch electrode driving circuit, comprising:
an input terminal, operable to receive an input pulse; a reset terminal, operable to receive a reset pulse; a first voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a first voltage; a second voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a second voltage; a third voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a third voltage; a fourth voltage terminal, operable to be applied with a fourth voltage; a common voltage signal terminal, operable to be applied with a common voltage signal; a first common voltage signal control terminal, operable to be applied with a first common voltage control signal; a second common voltage signal control terminal, operable to be applied with a second common voltage control signal; a first clock signal terminal, operable to receive a first clock signal; a second clock signal terminal, operable to receive a second clock signal; a third clock signal terminal, operable to receive a third clock signal; a fourth clock signal terminal, operable to receive a fourth clock signal; a touch signal terminal, operable to receive a touch scan signal; a touch control signal terminal, operable to receive a touch control signal; a first output terminal, operable to output a first output signal; a second output terminal, operable to output a second output signal; a third output terminal, operable to output a third output signal; an input circuit, configured to: bring the first voltage terminal into conduction with a first node in response to the input pulse received at the input terminal being active; and bring the second voltage terminal into conduction with the first node in response to the reset pulse received at the reset terminal being active; a first control circuit, configured to: bring the first voltage terminal into conduction with a second node in response to the third clock signal received at the third clock signal terminal being active; and bring the second voltage terminal into conduction with the second node in response to the fourth clock signal received at the fourth clock signal terminal being active; a second control circuit, configured to: bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the first node in response to the second node being at an active potential; a third control circuit, configured to: bring the first clock signal terminal into conduction with a third node in response to the first node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the third node in response to the second node being at an active potential; a fourth control circuit, configured to: bring the second clock signal terminal into conduction with a fourth node in response to the first node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the fourth node in response to the second node being at an active potential; wherein the fourth node is connected with the third output terminal; a fifth control circuit, configured to: bring a fifth node into conduction with the touch control signal terminal in response to the third node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the fifth node in response to the first common voltage control signal received at the first common voltage signal control terminal being active; a sixth control circuit, configured to: bring a sixth node into conduction with the touch control signal terminal in response to the fourth node being at an active potential; and bring the fourth voltage terminal into conduction with the sixth node in response to the second common voltage control signal received at the second common voltage signal control terminal being active; a first output circuit, configured to: bring the first output terminal into conduction with the touch signal terminal in response to the fifth node being at an active potential; and bring the common voltage signal terminal into conduction with the first output terminal in response to the fifth node being at an inactive potential; and a second output circuit, configured to: bring the second output terminal into conduction with the touch signal terminal in response to the sixth node being at an active potential; and bring the common voltage signal terminal into conduction with the second output terminal in response to the sixth node being at an inactive potential. 2. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit comprises:
a first transistor, comprising a gate connected to the input terminal, a first electrode connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second electrode connected to the first node; a second transistor, comprising a gate connected to the reset terminal, a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the second voltage terminal; and a first capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 3. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first control circuit comprises:
a third transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third clock signal terminal, a first electrode connected to the first voltage terminal; a fourth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fourth clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the second voltage terminal; a fifth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a first electrode connected to the second node; and wherein a second electrode of the third transistor, a first electrode of the fourth transistor and a second electrode of the fifth transistor are connected together. 4. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second control circuit comprises a sixth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the first node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 5. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein the second control circuit further comprises a second capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 6. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the third control circuit comprises:
a seventh transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a second electrode connected to the first node; a ninth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the third node; a tenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the third node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a third capacitor, comprising a second electrode connected to the third node; and wherein a first electrode of the seventh transistor, a gate of the ninth transistor and a first electrode of the third capacitor are connected together. 7. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 6, wherein the third control circuit further comprises an eleventh transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first node, a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal, wherein the eleventh transistor supplies the fourth voltage at the fourth voltage terminal to the second node in response to the first node being at an active potential. 8. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the fourth control circuit comprises:
an eighth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third voltage terminal, a second electrode connected to the first node; a twelfth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second clock signal terminal, a second electrode connected to the fourth node; a fourteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second node, a first electrode connected to the fourth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a fourth capacitor, comprising a second electrode connected to the fourth node; and wherein a first electrode of the eighth transistor, a gate of the twelfth transistor and a first electrode of the fourth capacitor are connected together. 9. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 8, wherein the fourth control circuit further comprises a thirteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first node, a first electrode connected to the second node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal, wherein the thirteenth transistor supplies the fourth voltage at the fourth voltage terminal to the second node in response to the first node being at an active potential. 10. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the fifth control circuit comprises:
a fifteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the third node, a first electrode connected to the touch control signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the fifth node; and a sixteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the first common voltage signal control terminal, a first electrode connected to the fifth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 11. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sixth control circuit comprises:
a twenty-first transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fourth node, a first electrode connected to the touch control signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the sixth node; and a twenty-second transistor, comprising a gate connected to the second common voltage signal control terminal, a first electrode connected to the sixth node, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 12. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first output circuit comprises:
a seventeenth transistor, comprising a gate and a first electrode both connected to the third voltage terminal; an eighteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fifth node, a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a nineteenth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the fifth node, a first electrode connected to the touch signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the first output terminal; a twentieth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the first output terminal, a second electrode connected to the common voltage signal terminal; and wherein a second electrode of the seventeenth transistor, a first electrode of the eighteenth transistor and a gate of the twentieth transistor are connected together. 13. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 12, wherein the first output circuit further comprises a fifth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the fifth node, and a second electrode connected to the first output terminal. 14. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the first output circuit further comprises a sixth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the gate of the twentieth transistor, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 15. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second output circuit comprises:
a twenty-third transistor, comprising a gate and a first electrode both connected to the third voltage terminal; a twenty-fourth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the sixth node, a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal; a twenty-fifth transistor, comprising a gate connected to the sixth node, a first electrode connected to the touch signal terminal, and a second electrode connected to the second output terminal; a twenty-sixth transistor, comprising a first electrode connected to the second output terminal, a second electrode connected to the common voltage signal terminal; and wherein a second electrode of the twenty-third transistor, a first electrode of the twenty-fourth transistor and a gate of the twenty-sixth transistor are connected together. 16. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 15, wherein the second output circuit further comprises a seventh capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the sixth node, and a second electrode connected to the second output terminal. 17. The touch electrode driving circuit according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the second output circuit further comprises an eighth capacitor, comprising a first electrode connected to the gate of the twenty-sixth transistor, and a second electrode connected to the fourth voltage terminal. 18. A touch electrode driver, comprising:
a first voltage line, operable to transfer a first voltage; a second voltage line, operable to transfer a second voltage; a third voltage line, operable to transfer a third voltage; a fourth voltage line, operable to transfer a fourth voltage; a common voltage signal line, operable to be applied with a common voltage signal; a first common voltage signal control line, operable to be applied with a first common voltage control signal; a second common voltage signal control line, operable to be applied with a second common voltage control signal; a first clock line, operable to receive a first clock signal; a second clock line, operable to receive a second clock signal; a third clock line, operable to receive a third clock signal; a fourth clock line, operable to receive a fourth clock signal; a touch signal line, operable to receive a touch scan signal; a touch control signal line, operable to receive a touch control signal; N touch electrode driving circuits according to claim 1 connected in cascade, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, wherein a third output terminal of the m-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to an input terminal of the (m+1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits, m being an integer and 1≤m<N, and wherein a third output terminal of the n-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to a reset terminal of the (n−1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits, n being an integer and 1<n≤N, wherein:
each of first voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first voltage line;
each of second voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the second voltage line;
each of third voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the third voltage line;
each of fourth voltage terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the fourth voltage line;
each of common voltage signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the common voltage signal line;
each of first common voltage signal control terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first common voltage signal control line;
each of second common voltage signal control terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the second common voltage signal control line;
each of touch signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the touch signal line;
each of touch control signal terminals of the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the touch control signal line;
a first clock signal terminal of the (2k−1)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the first clock line, a second clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the second clock line, a third clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the third clock line, and a fourth clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the fourth clock line; a first clock signal terminal of the (2k)-th touch electrode driving circuit in the N touch electrode driving circuits is connected to the third clock line, a second clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the fourth clock line, a third clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the first clock line, and a fourth clock signal terminal thereof is connected to the second clock line; wherein k is a positive integer and 2k≤N. 19. A touch display device, comprising:
the touch electrode driver according to claim 18; a timing sequence controller, configured to: supply the first clock signal, the second clock signal, the third clock signal and the fourth clock signal to the first clock line, the second clock line, the third clock line and the fourth clock line respectively, and provide the first common voltage control signal to the first common voltage signal control line, provide the second common voltage control signal to the second common voltage signal control line, provide the touch control signal to the touch control signal line, and provide the touch signal to the touch signal line; a voltage generator, configured to at least supply the first voltage, the second voltage, the third voltage, the fourth voltage and the common voltage signal to the first voltage line, the second voltage line, the third voltage line, the fourth voltage line and the common voltage signal line respectively; and a touch display panel, configured to display received image data and sense touch operations of a user. | 1,700 |
338,635 | 16,641,698 | 1,773 | A composition contains an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B). In the composition, it is preferable that the component (A) contains components (A-1) and (A-2) below. The component (A-1) is at least one melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate. The component (A-2) is at least one piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. It is possible to provide a composition that can impart a drip prevention effect and excellent flame retardancy to a resin and can provide a molded article with good surface smoothness, by being mixed with the resin. | 1. A composition comprising an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B). 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) contains components (A-1) and (A-2) below:
the component (A-1) being at least one melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate; and the component (A-2) being at least one piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of a total of the components (A-1) and (A-2). 4. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 5. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 6. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 1. 7. A flame retardant resin composition comprising a resin and the flame retardant agent according to claim 6 in an amount of 10 to 400 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin. 8. A molded article formed from the flame retardant resin composition according to claim 7. 9. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a resin, the method comprising mixing a composition that contains an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B) with a resin. 10. (canceled) 11. The composition according to claim 2, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 12. The composition according to claim 3, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 13. The composition according to claim 2, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 14. The composition according to claim 3, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 15. The composition according to claim 4, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 16. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 2. 17. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 3. 18. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 4. 19. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 5. 20. The composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 21. The composition according to claim 12, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). | A composition contains an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B). In the composition, it is preferable that the component (A) contains components (A-1) and (A-2) below. The component (A-1) is at least one melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate. The component (A-2) is at least one piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. It is possible to provide a composition that can impart a drip prevention effect and excellent flame retardancy to a resin and can provide a molded article with good surface smoothness, by being mixed with the resin.1. A composition comprising an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B). 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) contains components (A-1) and (A-2) below:
the component (A-1) being at least one melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate; and the component (A-2) being at least one piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of a total of the components (A-1) and (A-2). 4. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 5. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 6. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 1. 7. A flame retardant resin composition comprising a resin and the flame retardant agent according to claim 6 in an amount of 10 to 400 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin. 8. A molded article formed from the flame retardant resin composition according to claim 7. 9. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a resin, the method comprising mixing a composition that contains an amine phosphate (A) and melamine cyanurate (B) with a resin. 10. (canceled) 11. The composition according to claim 2, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 12. The composition according to claim 3, further comprising zinc oxide (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 13. The composition according to claim 2, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 14. The composition according to claim 3, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 15. The composition according to claim 4, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 16. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 2. 17. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 3. 18. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 4. 19. A flame retardant agent comprising the composition according to claim 5. 20. The composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). 21. The composition according to claim 12, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, an epoxy-based coupling agent, a hydrotalcite, and a lubricant as a component (D) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). | 1,700 |
338,636 | 16,613,605 | 1,773 | A clamping chamber in a reactor or fuel cell architecture having a stack of elementary units is above the clamping fittings. The clamping chamber, in which a gas other than the reactive gases will flow, is substantially at the same pressure as the reactive gases in the stack. The pressure of the gas flowing in the clamping chamber above the stack of elementary units will then balance the pressure created by the reactive gases and the gases produced within the stack. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. An electrochemical device, forming an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or an SOFC fuel cell, configured to operate at high temperature, comprising:
a stack of electrochemical cells based on SOEC/SOFC solid oxides; two end plates, called terminal plates, between which the stack is placed; two clamping plates of the stack, between which the end plates and the stack are placed; clamping means between the clamping plates, the clamping means being adapted to clamp the stack and keep the stack clamped between the terminal plates, regardless of the temperature between the ambient temperature and the high operating temperatures of the device; and a clamping chamber delimited between one of the terminal plates and the adjacent clamping plate, the clamping chamber being connected to a clamping gas circuit at a higher pressure than the inside of the stack. 25. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is independent of the reactive gas circuits. 26. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is not passing through the stack. 27. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 26, wherein the clamping gas circuit comprises two opening conduits, pierced directly through the thickness of the terminal plate delimiting the clamping chamber. 28. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is passing through the stack. 29. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 28,
wherein the stack is a stack of elementary units, each elementary unit comprising:
an elementary electrochemical cell formed by a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte intercalated between the cathode and the anode,
a first and a second device, each forming an electrical and fluid interconnector, each consisting of a component of electronically conductive, gas-tight material, the first and second interconnectors being placed on either side of the elementary cell, the first interconnector being pierced by a water vapor supply conduit opening into the cell on the cathode side, and by a conduit for recovering the hydrogen produced, opening on the periphery of the cell on the cathode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the water vapor supplied and the hydrogen produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; the second interconnector being pierced by a conduit for recovering the oxygen produced, opening on the periphery of the cell on the anode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the oxygen produced to the recovery conduit;
a first sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the elementary cell, bearing against the first interconnector and the second interconnector simultaneously;
a second sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the anode of the elementary cell, bearing against the second interconnector and the electrolyte simultaneously, the first and second sealing gaskets being glass- and/or glass ceramic-based;
an insulating and sealing device placed on the periphery of the first sealing gasket and bearing against the first and the second interconnector respectively; and
at least one supply conduit and at least one recovery conduit for the clamping gas, formed in the first and second interconnectors, each opening into the space delimited between the first gasket and the insulating and sealing device, so as to provide uniform distribution of the clamping gas from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit, the clamping gas thus also forming a balancing gas for balancing the pressures on either side of the first sealing gasket during the pressurized operation of the reactor;
wherein the supply and recovery conduits of the clamping and balancing gas circuit open into the clamping chamber. 30. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 29, wherein the second interconnector is pierced by a conduit for supplying drainage gas to the cell on the anode side, so as to provide a uniform distribution of the supplied drainage gas and of the oxygen produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit. 31. The SOFC fuel cell according to claim 27, wherein the stack is a stack of elementary units, each elementary unit comprising:
an elementary electrolytic cell formed by a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte intercalated between the cathode and the anode, a first and a second device, each forming an electrical and fluid interconnector, each consisting of a component of electronically conductive, gas-tight material, the first and second interconnectors being placed on either side of the elementary cell, the first interconnector being pierced by a fuel supply conduit opening into the cell on the anode side, and by a conduit for recovering the water produced, on the periphery of the cell on the anode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the fuel supplied and the water produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; the second interconnector being pierced by a conduit for supplying air or oxygen, opening into the cell on the cathode side, and by a conduit for recovering the surplus air or oxygen, opening on the periphery of the cell on the cathode side so as to provide uniform distribution of the air or oxygen from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; a first sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the elementary cell, bearing against the first interconnector and the second interconnector simultaneously; a second sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the cathode of the elementary cell, bearing against the second interconnector and the electrolyte simultaneously; the first and second sealing gaskets being glass- and/or glass ceramic-based; an insulating and sealing device placed on the periphery of the first sealing gasket and bearing against the first and the second interconnector respectively; and at least one supply conduit and at least one recovery conduit for the clamping gas, formed in the first and second interconnectors, each opening into the space delimited between the first gasket and the insulating and sealing device, so as to provide uniform distribution of the clamping gas from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit, the clamping gas thus also forming a balancing gas for balancing the pressures on either side of the first sealing gasket during the pressurized operation of the cell; wherein the supply and recovery conduits of the clamping and balancing gas circuit open into the clamping chamber. 32. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the general shape of the stack, of the end plates and of the clamping chamber is axisymmetric. 33. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping chamber is delimited above the stack, between the upper terminal plate and the upper clamping plate, separated by an electrical insulation plate. 34. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 32, wherein the clamping chamber is delimited by the top of the upper terminal plate forming the bottom, by a solid plate forming the cover, and by a ring forming the side wall, the bottom, the cover and the side wall of the chamber being assembled to one another by welding. 35. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 28, wherein each insulating and sealing device consists of an insulating washer and of third and fourth metal gaskets on either side of the insulating washer. 36. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping means comprise two clamping bolts placed so that they pass through the clamping plates. 37. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 36, wherein each clamping bolt comprises:
a threaded clamping shank, a first clamping nut associated with a first clamping washer, both of which are configured to interact by screwing with the threaded clamping shank inserted through a clamping aperture in the upper clamping plate, the first clamping washer being placed between the first clamping nut and the upper clamping plate; and a second clamping nut associated with a second clamping washer, both of which are configured to interact by screwing with the threaded clamping shank inserted through a clamping aperture in the lower clamping plate, the second clamping washer being placed between the second clamping nut and the lower clamping plate. 38. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 37, further comprising an electrically insulating tube placed between the clamping shank and the clamping aperture of the lower clamping plate, the second clamping washer also being electrically insulating. 39. An operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 28, comprising:
supplying the supply conduits with water vapor or with a mixture of water vapor and another gas selected from carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and simultaneously supplying the supply conduits with clamping and balancing gas, the pressure of the water vapor or of the mixture supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas; and recovering the hydrogen, or the hydrogen and carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide, produced by electrolysis or co-electrolysis of the water vapor, and recovering at the same time the balancing gas that has circulated in the clamping chamber, in their respective recovery conduits. 40. The operating method according to claim 39, wherein supplying the supply conduits with drainage gas, the pressure of the drainage gas supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas, and recovering the oxygen produced. 41. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein the temperature of the clamping and balancing gas is raised or lowered in the supply conduits so as to raise or lower, respectively, the temperature of the stack. 42. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein, during operation, the pressure of the clamping and balancing gas in the supply conduits is increased while the pressure of the reactive gases is maintained, the difference between the increased pressure of the clamping and balancing gas and the pressure of the reactive gases being equal to not more than 500 mbar. 43. The operating method for the operation of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein any presence of fuel leaks in the clamping and balancing circuit containing air is detected. 44. An operating method for the operation of an SOFC fuel cell according to claim 31, comprising:
supplying the supply conduits with fuel such as hydrogen or methane, and simultaneously supplying the supply conduits with clamping and balancing gas; supplying the supply conduits with air or oxygen, the pressure of the fuel and of the air or oxygen supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas; and recovering the surplus fuel, the clamping and balancing gas that has circulated in the clamping chamber, and the water produced, on the one hand, and the surplus air or oxygen, on the other hand, in their respective recovery conduits. 45. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein the temperature of the clamping and balancing gas is raised or lowered in the supply conduits so as to raise or lower, respectively, the temperature of the stack. 46. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein, during operation, the pressure of the clamping and balancing gas in the supply conduits is increased while the pressure of the reactive gases is maintained, the difference between the increased pressure of the clamping and balancing gas and the pressure of the reactive gases being equal to not more than 500 mbar. 47. The operating method for the operation of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein any presence of fuel leaks in the clamping and balancing circuit containing air is detected. | A clamping chamber in a reactor or fuel cell architecture having a stack of elementary units is above the clamping fittings. The clamping chamber, in which a gas other than the reactive gases will flow, is substantially at the same pressure as the reactive gases in the stack. The pressure of the gas flowing in the clamping chamber above the stack of elementary units will then balance the pressure created by the reactive gases and the gases produced within the stack.1-23. (canceled) 24. An electrochemical device, forming an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or an SOFC fuel cell, configured to operate at high temperature, comprising:
a stack of electrochemical cells based on SOEC/SOFC solid oxides; two end plates, called terminal plates, between which the stack is placed; two clamping plates of the stack, between which the end plates and the stack are placed; clamping means between the clamping plates, the clamping means being adapted to clamp the stack and keep the stack clamped between the terminal plates, regardless of the temperature between the ambient temperature and the high operating temperatures of the device; and a clamping chamber delimited between one of the terminal plates and the adjacent clamping plate, the clamping chamber being connected to a clamping gas circuit at a higher pressure than the inside of the stack. 25. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is independent of the reactive gas circuits. 26. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is not passing through the stack. 27. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 26, wherein the clamping gas circuit comprises two opening conduits, pierced directly through the thickness of the terminal plate delimiting the clamping chamber. 28. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping gas circuit is passing through the stack. 29. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 28,
wherein the stack is a stack of elementary units, each elementary unit comprising:
an elementary electrochemical cell formed by a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte intercalated between the cathode and the anode,
a first and a second device, each forming an electrical and fluid interconnector, each consisting of a component of electronically conductive, gas-tight material, the first and second interconnectors being placed on either side of the elementary cell, the first interconnector being pierced by a water vapor supply conduit opening into the cell on the cathode side, and by a conduit for recovering the hydrogen produced, opening on the periphery of the cell on the cathode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the water vapor supplied and the hydrogen produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; the second interconnector being pierced by a conduit for recovering the oxygen produced, opening on the periphery of the cell on the anode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the oxygen produced to the recovery conduit;
a first sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the elementary cell, bearing against the first interconnector and the second interconnector simultaneously;
a second sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the anode of the elementary cell, bearing against the second interconnector and the electrolyte simultaneously, the first and second sealing gaskets being glass- and/or glass ceramic-based;
an insulating and sealing device placed on the periphery of the first sealing gasket and bearing against the first and the second interconnector respectively; and
at least one supply conduit and at least one recovery conduit for the clamping gas, formed in the first and second interconnectors, each opening into the space delimited between the first gasket and the insulating and sealing device, so as to provide uniform distribution of the clamping gas from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit, the clamping gas thus also forming a balancing gas for balancing the pressures on either side of the first sealing gasket during the pressurized operation of the reactor;
wherein the supply and recovery conduits of the clamping and balancing gas circuit open into the clamping chamber. 30. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 29, wherein the second interconnector is pierced by a conduit for supplying drainage gas to the cell on the anode side, so as to provide a uniform distribution of the supplied drainage gas and of the oxygen produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit. 31. The SOFC fuel cell according to claim 27, wherein the stack is a stack of elementary units, each elementary unit comprising:
an elementary electrolytic cell formed by a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte intercalated between the cathode and the anode, a first and a second device, each forming an electrical and fluid interconnector, each consisting of a component of electronically conductive, gas-tight material, the first and second interconnectors being placed on either side of the elementary cell, the first interconnector being pierced by a fuel supply conduit opening into the cell on the anode side, and by a conduit for recovering the water produced, on the periphery of the cell on the anode side, so as to provide uniform distribution of the fuel supplied and the water produced, respectively, from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; the second interconnector being pierced by a conduit for supplying air or oxygen, opening into the cell on the cathode side, and by a conduit for recovering the surplus air or oxygen, opening on the periphery of the cell on the cathode side so as to provide uniform distribution of the air or oxygen from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit; a first sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the elementary cell, bearing against the first interconnector and the second interconnector simultaneously; a second sealing gasket placed on the periphery of the cathode of the elementary cell, bearing against the second interconnector and the electrolyte simultaneously; the first and second sealing gaskets being glass- and/or glass ceramic-based; an insulating and sealing device placed on the periphery of the first sealing gasket and bearing against the first and the second interconnector respectively; and at least one supply conduit and at least one recovery conduit for the clamping gas, formed in the first and second interconnectors, each opening into the space delimited between the first gasket and the insulating and sealing device, so as to provide uniform distribution of the clamping gas from the supply conduit to the recovery conduit, the clamping gas thus also forming a balancing gas for balancing the pressures on either side of the first sealing gasket during the pressurized operation of the cell; wherein the supply and recovery conduits of the clamping and balancing gas circuit open into the clamping chamber. 32. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the general shape of the stack, of the end plates and of the clamping chamber is axisymmetric. 33. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping chamber is delimited above the stack, between the upper terminal plate and the upper clamping plate, separated by an electrical insulation plate. 34. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 32, wherein the clamping chamber is delimited by the top of the upper terminal plate forming the bottom, by a solid plate forming the cover, and by a ring forming the side wall, the bottom, the cover and the side wall of the chamber being assembled to one another by welding. 35. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 28, wherein each insulating and sealing device consists of an insulating washer and of third and fourth metal gaskets on either side of the insulating washer. 36. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 24, wherein the clamping means comprise two clamping bolts placed so that they pass through the clamping plates. 37. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 36, wherein each clamping bolt comprises:
a threaded clamping shank, a first clamping nut associated with a first clamping washer, both of which are configured to interact by screwing with the threaded clamping shank inserted through a clamping aperture in the upper clamping plate, the first clamping washer being placed between the first clamping nut and the upper clamping plate; and a second clamping nut associated with a second clamping washer, both of which are configured to interact by screwing with the threaded clamping shank inserted through a clamping aperture in the lower clamping plate, the second clamping washer being placed between the second clamping nut and the lower clamping plate. 38. The SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 37, further comprising an electrically insulating tube placed between the clamping shank and the clamping aperture of the lower clamping plate, the second clamping washer also being electrically insulating. 39. An operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor according to claim 28, comprising:
supplying the supply conduits with water vapor or with a mixture of water vapor and another gas selected from carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and simultaneously supplying the supply conduits with clamping and balancing gas, the pressure of the water vapor or of the mixture supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas; and recovering the hydrogen, or the hydrogen and carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide, produced by electrolysis or co-electrolysis of the water vapor, and recovering at the same time the balancing gas that has circulated in the clamping chamber, in their respective recovery conduits. 40. The operating method according to claim 39, wherein supplying the supply conduits with drainage gas, the pressure of the drainage gas supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas, and recovering the oxygen produced. 41. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein the temperature of the clamping and balancing gas is raised or lowered in the supply conduits so as to raise or lower, respectively, the temperature of the stack. 42. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein, during operation, the pressure of the clamping and balancing gas in the supply conduits is increased while the pressure of the reactive gases is maintained, the difference between the increased pressure of the clamping and balancing gas and the pressure of the reactive gases being equal to not more than 500 mbar. 43. The operating method for the operation of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein any presence of fuel leaks in the clamping and balancing circuit containing air is detected. 44. An operating method for the operation of an SOFC fuel cell according to claim 31, comprising:
supplying the supply conduits with fuel such as hydrogen or methane, and simultaneously supplying the supply conduits with clamping and balancing gas; supplying the supply conduits with air or oxygen, the pressure of the fuel and of the air or oxygen supplied being substantially equal to that of the clamping and balancing gas; and recovering the surplus fuel, the clamping and balancing gas that has circulated in the clamping chamber, and the water produced, on the one hand, and the surplus air or oxygen, on the other hand, in their respective recovery conduits. 45. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein the temperature of the clamping and balancing gas is raised or lowered in the supply conduits so as to raise or lower, respectively, the temperature of the stack. 46. The operating method of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein, during operation, the pressure of the clamping and balancing gas in the supply conduits is increased while the pressure of the reactive gases is maintained, the difference between the increased pressure of the clamping and balancing gas and the pressure of the reactive gases being equal to not more than 500 mbar. 47. The operating method for the operation of an SOEC electrolysis or co-electrolysis reactor or SOFC fuel cell according to claim 44, wherein any presence of fuel leaks in the clamping and balancing circuit containing air is detected. | 1,700 |
338,637 | 16,641,664 | 1,773 | An example electronic device includes a communication interface; an embedded subscriber identity module; a processor electrically connected to the communication interface and the embedded subscriber identity module; and memory electrically connected to the processor. The memory, if during execution the processor determines the type of subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identity module and the subscriber identification information is the shared subscriber identification information according to the determination result, confirms at least one communication service providing server connectable in the electronic device among a plurality of communication service providing servers, and can store instructions for accessing a communication service providing server selected from at least one communication service providing server with has been confirmed, by means of the communication interface. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface; an embedded subscriber identification module configured to store shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing at least one communication service provision server; a processor electrically connected to the communication interface and the embedded subscriber identification module; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions that when executed enable the processor to: determine a type of subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identification module; if a result of determination indicates that the subscriber identification information is the shared subscriber identification information, determine at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable, from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; and access a communication service provision server selected from the at least one communication service provision server, via the communication interface. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions enable the processor to automatically select a communication service provision server retrieved first from among the at least one connectable communication service provision server. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a display, wherein the instructions enable the processor to: display a list of the at least one connectable communication service provision server on the display; and access a communication service provision server selected by a user input from the displayed list. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
transmit the shared subscriber identification information to the selected communication service provision server; and receive grant of access from the communication service provision server, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information. 5. An electronic device, comprising:
a network interface; an embedded subscriber identification module configured to store shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing at least one communication service provision server; a processor electrically connected to the network interface; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions that when executed enable the processor to: identify the shared subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identification module; transmit the identified shared subscriber identification information to a first server via at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; receive access information associated with a second server that provides a provisioning profile, from the first server, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information; and request the provisioning profile from the second server, on the basis of the received access information associated with the second server. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to further receive event identification information corresponding to the provisioning profile from the first server, and to transmit, to the second server, the event identification information received from the first server so as to request the provisioning profile. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to perform mutual authentication with the first server. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
receive the provisioning profile from the second server; request an operational profile from a server that stores the operational profile, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; and receive the operational profile from the server in response to the request. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
receive the provisioning profile from the second server; display a list of at least one profile on a screen of the electronic device in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; request an operational profile corresponding to a profile selected by a user input from the displayed list, from a server that stores the operational profile; and receive the operational profile from the server in response to the request. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions enable the processor to assign a priority to a profile corresponding to a communication service provision server to which the electronic device connects first, from among the at least one profile. 11. A method of remotely providing a profile to an electronic device, the method comprising:
determining whether subscriber identification information stored in a subscriber identification module embedded in the electronic device is shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing a communication service provision server; transmitting the shared subscriber identification information to a first server, via at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; receiving, from the first server, access information associated with a second server that provides a provisioning profile, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information; and requesting the provisioning profile from the second server, on the basis of the received access information associated with the second server. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
further receiving event identification information corresponding to the provisioning profile from the first server; and transmitting, to the second server, the event identification information received from the first server, so as to request the provisioning profile. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the electronic device performs mutual authentication with the first server. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the provisioning profile from the second server; requesting an operational profile from a server that stores the operational profile, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; and receiving the operational profile from the server, in response to the request. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the provisioning profile from the second server; displaying a list of at least one profile on a screen of the electronic device, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; requesting an operational profile corresponding to a profile selected by a user input from the displayed list, from a server that stores the operational profile; and receiving the operational profile from the server, in response to the request. | An example electronic device includes a communication interface; an embedded subscriber identity module; a processor electrically connected to the communication interface and the embedded subscriber identity module; and memory electrically connected to the processor. The memory, if during execution the processor determines the type of subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identity module and the subscriber identification information is the shared subscriber identification information according to the determination result, confirms at least one communication service providing server connectable in the electronic device among a plurality of communication service providing servers, and can store instructions for accessing a communication service providing server selected from at least one communication service providing server with has been confirmed, by means of the communication interface.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface; an embedded subscriber identification module configured to store shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing at least one communication service provision server; a processor electrically connected to the communication interface and the embedded subscriber identification module; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions that when executed enable the processor to: determine a type of subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identification module; if a result of determination indicates that the subscriber identification information is the shared subscriber identification information, determine at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable, from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; and access a communication service provision server selected from the at least one communication service provision server, via the communication interface. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions enable the processor to automatically select a communication service provision server retrieved first from among the at least one connectable communication service provision server. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a display, wherein the instructions enable the processor to: display a list of the at least one connectable communication service provision server on the display; and access a communication service provision server selected by a user input from the displayed list. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
transmit the shared subscriber identification information to the selected communication service provision server; and receive grant of access from the communication service provision server, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information. 5. An electronic device, comprising:
a network interface; an embedded subscriber identification module configured to store shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing at least one communication service provision server; a processor electrically connected to the network interface; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions that when executed enable the processor to: identify the shared subscriber identification information stored in the embedded subscriber identification module; transmit the identified shared subscriber identification information to a first server via at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; receive access information associated with a second server that provides a provisioning profile, from the first server, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information; and request the provisioning profile from the second server, on the basis of the received access information associated with the second server. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to further receive event identification information corresponding to the provisioning profile from the first server, and to transmit, to the second server, the event identification information received from the first server so as to request the provisioning profile. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to perform mutual authentication with the first server. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
receive the provisioning profile from the second server; request an operational profile from a server that stores the operational profile, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; and receive the operational profile from the server in response to the request. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the instructions enable the processor to:
receive the provisioning profile from the second server; display a list of at least one profile on a screen of the electronic device in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; request an operational profile corresponding to a profile selected by a user input from the displayed list, from a server that stores the operational profile; and receive the operational profile from the server in response to the request. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions enable the processor to assign a priority to a profile corresponding to a communication service provision server to which the electronic device connects first, from among the at least one profile. 11. A method of remotely providing a profile to an electronic device, the method comprising:
determining whether subscriber identification information stored in a subscriber identification module embedded in the electronic device is shared subscriber identification information which is usable by accessing a communication service provision server; transmitting the shared subscriber identification information to a first server, via at least one communication service provision server to which the electronic device is connectable from among a plurality of communication service provision servers; receiving, from the first server, access information associated with a second server that provides a provisioning profile, in response to the transmission of the shared subscriber identification information; and requesting the provisioning profile from the second server, on the basis of the received access information associated with the second server. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
further receiving event identification information corresponding to the provisioning profile from the first server; and transmitting, to the second server, the event identification information received from the first server, so as to request the provisioning profile. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the electronic device performs mutual authentication with the first server. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the provisioning profile from the second server; requesting an operational profile from a server that stores the operational profile, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; and receiving the operational profile from the server, in response to the request. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the provisioning profile from the second server; displaying a list of at least one profile on a screen of the electronic device, in response to execution of the received provisioning profile; requesting an operational profile corresponding to a profile selected by a user input from the displayed list, from a server that stores the operational profile; and receiving the operational profile from the server, in response to the request. | 1,700 |
338,638 | 16,641,675 | 3,616 | The invention relates to a spring element (10) for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14), having a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first free spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from the tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second free spring end (26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26) and is displaceable in an actuating direction (x) toward the connecting section (28), and wherein the spring sections (16, 22) are shaped such that the free spring ends (20, 26) move toward each other or away from each other during a displacement of the tool access point (P) in the actuating direction (x) if the first bearing point (18) and the second bearing point (24) are held substantially non-displaceably in the actuating direction (x). | 1. A spring element for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14), comprising:
a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first free spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from the tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second free spring end (26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26) and is displaceable in an actuating direction (x) toward the connecting section (28), wherein the spring sections (16, 22) are shaped such that the free spring ends (20, 26) move toward each other or away from each other during displacement of the tool access point (P) in the actuating direction (x), if the first bearing point (18) and the second bearing point (24) are held substantially non-displaceably in the actuating direction (x). 2. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the two spring sections (16, 22) are substantially symmetric with respect to a spring axis (A) extending through the tool access point (P), especially wherein the actuating direction (x) coincides with an axial direction of the spring axis (A). 3. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein between the two bearing points (18, 24) at least one coiled spring section (30) is provided. 4. The spring element according to claim 3, wherein the tool access point (P) is provided at the at least one coiled spring section (30). 5. The spring element according to claim 3, wherein between the two bearing points (18, 24) two coiled spring sections (30) are provided, with the tool access point (P) being arranged between the coiled spring sections (30). 6. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the first spring section (16) and the second spring section (22) intersect. 7. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the spring element (10) is made from bent wire as a one-piece component. 8. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein a respective spring leg (38, 40) which includes a retaining portion (42, 44) extends between the bearing point (18, 24) and the associated free spring end (20, 26) of the spring sections (16, 22), especially wherein the retaining portion (42, 44) abuts on the free spring end (20, 26). 9. The spring element according to claim 8, wherein a space (46) between the bearing point (18, 24) and the retaining portion (42, 44) is larger, especially at least three times larger, than a space (48) between the bearing point (18, 24) and the tool access point (P). 10. The spring element according to claim 8, wherein the spring leg (38, 40) is substantially Z-shaped. 11. A spring element for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14) comprising:
a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second spring end (26), wherein the two spring sections (16, 22) intersect between the tool access point (P) and their spring ends (20, 26), especially between their bearing points (18, 24) and their spring ends (20, 26). 12. A steering wheel assembly of a vehicle, comprising:
a spring element (10) according to claim 1, and an assembly component to which the spring element (10) is fastened, wherein the assembly component includes a spring bearing (52) abutting on the first bearing point (18) and another spring bearing (54) abutting on the second bearing point (24), especially wherein the spring bearings (52, 54) are in the form of pivot bearings. 13. The steering wheel assembly according to claim 12, wherein the assembly component is a steering wheel skeleton (36), an airbag module (12) or a separate fastening element (34) which can be tightly mounted to the steering wheel skeleton (36) or to the airbag module (12). | The invention relates to a spring element (10) for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14), having a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first free spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from the tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second free spring end (26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26) and is displaceable in an actuating direction (x) toward the connecting section (28), and wherein the spring sections (16, 22) are shaped such that the free spring ends (20, 26) move toward each other or away from each other during a displacement of the tool access point (P) in the actuating direction (x) if the first bearing point (18) and the second bearing point (24) are held substantially non-displaceably in the actuating direction (x).1. A spring element for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14), comprising:
a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first free spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from the tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second free spring end (26), wherein the tool access point (P) is spaced apart from a connecting section (28) between the two free spring ends (20, 26) and is displaceable in an actuating direction (x) toward the connecting section (28), wherein the spring sections (16, 22) are shaped such that the free spring ends (20, 26) move toward each other or away from each other during displacement of the tool access point (P) in the actuating direction (x), if the first bearing point (18) and the second bearing point (24) are held substantially non-displaceably in the actuating direction (x). 2. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the two spring sections (16, 22) are substantially symmetric with respect to a spring axis (A) extending through the tool access point (P), especially wherein the actuating direction (x) coincides with an axial direction of the spring axis (A). 3. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein between the two bearing points (18, 24) at least one coiled spring section (30) is provided. 4. The spring element according to claim 3, wherein the tool access point (P) is provided at the at least one coiled spring section (30). 5. The spring element according to claim 3, wherein between the two bearing points (18, 24) two coiled spring sections (30) are provided, with the tool access point (P) being arranged between the coiled spring sections (30). 6. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the first spring section (16) and the second spring section (22) intersect. 7. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein the spring element (10) is made from bent wire as a one-piece component. 8. The spring element according to claim 1, wherein a respective spring leg (38, 40) which includes a retaining portion (42, 44) extends between the bearing point (18, 24) and the associated free spring end (20, 26) of the spring sections (16, 22), especially wherein the retaining portion (42, 44) abuts on the free spring end (20, 26). 9. The spring element according to claim 8, wherein a space (46) between the bearing point (18, 24) and the retaining portion (42, 44) is larger, especially at least three times larger, than a space (48) between the bearing point (18, 24) and the tool access point (P). 10. The spring element according to claim 8, wherein the spring leg (38, 40) is substantially Z-shaped. 11. A spring element for fastening an airbag module (12) to a vehicle steering wheel (14) comprising:
a first spring section (16) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a first bearing point (18) as far as a first spring end (20), and a second spring section (22) which extends from a tool access point (P) via a second bearing point (24) as far as a second spring end (26), wherein the two spring sections (16, 22) intersect between the tool access point (P) and their spring ends (20, 26), especially between their bearing points (18, 24) and their spring ends (20, 26). 12. A steering wheel assembly of a vehicle, comprising:
a spring element (10) according to claim 1, and an assembly component to which the spring element (10) is fastened, wherein the assembly component includes a spring bearing (52) abutting on the first bearing point (18) and another spring bearing (54) abutting on the second bearing point (24), especially wherein the spring bearings (52, 54) are in the form of pivot bearings. 13. The steering wheel assembly according to claim 12, wherein the assembly component is a steering wheel skeleton (36), an airbag module (12) or a separate fastening element (34) which can be tightly mounted to the steering wheel skeleton (36) or to the airbag module (12). | 3,600 |
338,639 | 16,641,669 | 3,616 | Provided is a method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt, which is capable of efficiently and selectively separating copper, and nickel and cobalt from an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt such as a highly anticorrosive alloy that is obtained by subjecting a waste lithium ion battery to a dry treatment and contains copper, nickel and cobalt. According to the present invention, an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is brought into contact with an acid in the coexistence of a sulfurization agent, thereby obtaining a solid that contains copper and a leachate that contains nickel and cobalt. | 1. A method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt, the method comprising bringing an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt into contact with an acid in coexistence of a sulfurization agent to obtain a solid containing copper and a leachate containing nickel and cobalt. 2. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid. 3. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the sulfurization agent is one or more kinds selected from sulfur, hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfide. 4. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 5. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 6. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 7. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 8. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 7, wherein copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed by one or more methods selected from sulfurization, electrolytic winning and neutralization precipitation. 9. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the sulfurization agent is one or more kinds selected from sulfur, hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfide. 10. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 11. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 12. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 13. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 14. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 15. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 16. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 17. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 18. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 19. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 20. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. | Provided is a method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt, which is capable of efficiently and selectively separating copper, and nickel and cobalt from an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt such as a highly anticorrosive alloy that is obtained by subjecting a waste lithium ion battery to a dry treatment and contains copper, nickel and cobalt. According to the present invention, an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is brought into contact with an acid in the coexistence of a sulfurization agent, thereby obtaining a solid that contains copper and a leachate that contains nickel and cobalt.1. A method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt, the method comprising bringing an alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt into contact with an acid in coexistence of a sulfurization agent to obtain a solid containing copper and a leachate containing nickel and cobalt. 2. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid. 3. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the sulfurization agent is one or more kinds selected from sulfur, hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfide. 4. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 5. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 6. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 7. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 1, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 8. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 7, wherein copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed by one or more methods selected from sulfurization, electrolytic winning and neutralization precipitation. 9. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the sulfurization agent is one or more kinds selected from sulfur, hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfide. 10. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 11. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the acid and the sulfurization agent are brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt at the same time or the sulfurization agent is brought into contact with the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt and then the acid is brought into contact with the alloy. 12. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 13. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 14. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is an alloy obtained by heat-melting and reducing scraps of a lithium ion battery. 15. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 16. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 17. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is a powdery material and a particle size of the alloy containing copper, nickel and cobalt is 300 μm or less. 18. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 2, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 19. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 3, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. 20. The method for separating copper from nickel and cobalt according to claim 4, wherein the solid containing copper and the leachate containing nickel and cobalt are separated, and then copper remaining in the leachate containing nickel and cobalt is removed. | 3,600 |
338,640 | 16,641,662 | 3,616 | A breather device and a snow removal machine having the breather device have a casing into which blowby gas of an engine flows, an air suction port for letting out gas from the inside of the casing, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism for separating moisture contained in the blowby gas. The gas-liquid separation mechanism separates an inlet, which allows the blowby gas to flow in, and the air suction port by a predetermined distance, and has the air suction port positioned above a liquid path through which the moisture flows. A gas path allows the blowby gas to flow from the inlet to the air suction port without passing through an air cleaner element. | 1. A breather apparatus comprising:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows; a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows; an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element. 2. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism comprises
an inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the inside of the chassis from the flow section and
an outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the outlet opening from the chassis. 3. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism includes an inflow member that is provided between the flow portion and the chassis and guides the blowby gas from the flow portion to the inside of the chassis. 4. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member includes a blocking wall that blocks the flow of the moisture to the outflow opening. 5. The breather apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the inflow member includes a guide space that is provided inside the chassis and causes the blowby gas to flow in a direction different from the direction in the gas passage that is toward the outflow opening. 6. The breather apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the inflow member includes a protruding portion that protrudes into the guide space and causes the blowby gas to flow out toward a wall portion that forms the guide space from the flow portion. 7. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member is attached to an outer side of the chassis and takes in external air and causes the external air to flow to the chassis along with the blowby gas, a flow space from the inflow opening to a through-hole that penetrates through the chassis is formed with a zigzag shape, and the liquid passage is in communication with the flow space. 8. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism is a protruding portion having the outflow opening arranged at a position higher than a floor surface of the chassis. 9. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a groove portion through which the moisture is discharged to the outside of the chassis. 10. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism is configured such that the flow section is shaped as a pipe and protrudes from a floor portion of the chassis toward a ceiling portion and the inflow opening opposes the ceiling portion. 11. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the chassis includes an intake opening that takes in external air, mixes the external air with the blowby gas, and guides the resulting mixed gas to the outflow opening. 12. A snow removal machine comprising:
a breather apparatus including:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows;
a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows;
an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and
a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element; and
an engine. | A breather device and a snow removal machine having the breather device have a casing into which blowby gas of an engine flows, an air suction port for letting out gas from the inside of the casing, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism for separating moisture contained in the blowby gas. The gas-liquid separation mechanism separates an inlet, which allows the blowby gas to flow in, and the air suction port by a predetermined distance, and has the air suction port positioned above a liquid path through which the moisture flows. A gas path allows the blowby gas to flow from the inlet to the air suction port without passing through an air cleaner element.1. A breather apparatus comprising:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows; a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows; an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element. 2. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism comprises
an inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the inside of the chassis from the flow section and
an outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the outlet opening from the chassis. 3. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism includes an inflow member that is provided between the flow portion and the chassis and guides the blowby gas from the flow portion to the inside of the chassis. 4. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member includes a blocking wall that blocks the flow of the moisture to the outflow opening. 5. The breather apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the inflow member includes a guide space that is provided inside the chassis and causes the blowby gas to flow in a direction different from the direction in the gas passage that is toward the outflow opening. 6. The breather apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the inflow member includes a protruding portion that protrudes into the guide space and causes the blowby gas to flow out toward a wall portion that forms the guide space from the flow portion. 7. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member is attached to an outer side of the chassis and takes in external air and causes the external air to flow to the chassis along with the blowby gas, a flow space from the inflow opening to a through-hole that penetrates through the chassis is formed with a zigzag shape, and the liquid passage is in communication with the flow space. 8. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism is a protruding portion having the outflow opening arranged at a position higher than a floor surface of the chassis. 9. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a groove portion through which the moisture is discharged to the outside of the chassis. 10. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism is configured such that the flow section is shaped as a pipe and protrudes from a floor portion of the chassis toward a ceiling portion and the inflow opening opposes the ceiling portion. 11. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the chassis includes an intake opening that takes in external air, mixes the external air with the blowby gas, and guides the resulting mixed gas to the outflow opening. 12. A snow removal machine comprising:
a breather apparatus including:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows;
a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows;
an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and
a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element; and
an engine. | 3,600 |
338,641 | 15,929,232 | 3,616 | A breather device and a snow removal machine having the breather device have a casing into which blowby gas of an engine flows, an air suction port for letting out gas from the inside of the casing, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism for separating moisture contained in the blowby gas. The gas-liquid separation mechanism separates an inlet, which allows the blowby gas to flow in, and the air suction port by a predetermined distance, and has the air suction port positioned above a liquid path through which the moisture flows. A gas path allows the blowby gas to flow from the inlet to the air suction port without passing through an air cleaner element. | 1. A breather apparatus comprising:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows; a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows; an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element. 2. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism comprises
an inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the inside of the chassis from the flow section and
an outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the outlet opening from the chassis. 3. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism includes an inflow member that is provided between the flow portion and the chassis and guides the blowby gas from the flow portion to the inside of the chassis. 4. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member includes a blocking wall that blocks the flow of the moisture to the outflow opening. 5. The breather apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the inflow member includes a guide space that is provided inside the chassis and causes the blowby gas to flow in a direction different from the direction in the gas passage that is toward the outflow opening. 6. The breather apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the inflow member includes a protruding portion that protrudes into the guide space and causes the blowby gas to flow out toward a wall portion that forms the guide space from the flow portion. 7. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member is attached to an outer side of the chassis and takes in external air and causes the external air to flow to the chassis along with the blowby gas, a flow space from the inflow opening to a through-hole that penetrates through the chassis is formed with a zigzag shape, and the liquid passage is in communication with the flow space. 8. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism is a protruding portion having the outflow opening arranged at a position higher than a floor surface of the chassis. 9. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a groove portion through which the moisture is discharged to the outside of the chassis. 10. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism is configured such that the flow section is shaped as a pipe and protrudes from a floor portion of the chassis toward a ceiling portion and the inflow opening opposes the ceiling portion. 11. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the chassis includes an intake opening that takes in external air, mixes the external air with the blowby gas, and guides the resulting mixed gas to the outflow opening. 12. A snow removal machine comprising:
a breather apparatus including:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows;
a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows;
an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and
a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element; and
an engine. | A breather device and a snow removal machine having the breather device have a casing into which blowby gas of an engine flows, an air suction port for letting out gas from the inside of the casing, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism for separating moisture contained in the blowby gas. The gas-liquid separation mechanism separates an inlet, which allows the blowby gas to flow in, and the air suction port by a predetermined distance, and has the air suction port positioned above a liquid path through which the moisture flows. A gas path allows the blowby gas to flow from the inlet to the air suction port without passing through an air cleaner element.1. A breather apparatus comprising:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows; a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows; an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element. 2. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism comprises
an inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the inside of the chassis from the flow section and
an outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates the moisture while the blowby gas is guided to the outlet opening from the chassis. 3. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the inflow gas-liquid separation mechanism includes an inflow member that is provided between the flow portion and the chassis and guides the blowby gas from the flow portion to the inside of the chassis. 4. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member includes a blocking wall that blocks the flow of the moisture to the outflow opening. 5. The breather apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the inflow member includes a guide space that is provided inside the chassis and causes the blowby gas to flow in a direction different from the direction in the gas passage that is toward the outflow opening. 6. The breather apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the inflow member includes a protruding portion that protrudes into the guide space and causes the blowby gas to flow out toward a wall portion that forms the guide space from the flow portion. 7. The breather apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the inflow member is attached to an outer side of the chassis and takes in external air and causes the external air to flow to the chassis along with the blowby gas, a flow space from the inflow opening to a through-hole that penetrates through the chassis is formed with a zigzag shape, and the liquid passage is in communication with the flow space. 8. The breather apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the outflow gas-liquid separation mechanism is a protruding portion having the outflow opening arranged at a position higher than a floor surface of the chassis. 9. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a groove portion through which the moisture is discharged to the outside of the chassis. 10. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism is configured such that the flow section is shaped as a pipe and protrudes from a floor portion of the chassis toward a ceiling portion and the inflow opening opposes the ceiling portion. 11. The breather apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the chassis includes an intake opening that takes in external air, mixes the external air with the blowby gas, and guides the resulting mixed gas to the outflow opening. 12. A snow removal machine comprising:
a breather apparatus including:
a flow portion through which blowby gas of an engine flows;
a chassis into which the blowby gas that has flowed through the flow portion flows;
an outflow opening through which gas flows out from inside the chassis; and
a gas-liquid separation mechanism that separates moisture included in the blowby gas, wherein
the gas-liquid separation mechanism separates the outflow opening and an inflow opening through which the blowby gas flows in from the flow portion from each other by a prescribed distance and has the outflow opening arranged farther upward than a fluid passage through which the moisture flows, and
the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a gas passage through which the blowby gas flows to the outlet opening from the inlet opening without passing through an air cleaner element; and
an engine. | 3,600 |
338,642 | 16,635,744 | 3,616 | A novel cosmetic complex for bioactive hydration of the skin, particularly from the body and face, is provided. The cosmetic complex comprises vegetable butter and vegetable oils. | 1. A cosmetic complex for bioactive hydration comprising at least one vegetable butter and at least two vegetable oils. 2. The complex according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable butter comprises cupuaçu butter. 3. The complex according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oils comprise fevilea oil and canola oil. 4. The complex according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) from about 0.2 to about 2% cupuacu butter,
(b) from about 0.05 to about 2% fevilea oil, and
(c) from about 0.5 to about 3% canola oil. 5. The complex according to claim 1, further comprising glycerin. 6. The use of the complex as defined in complex according to claim 1, wherein the complex is configured for the manufacture of a cosmetic composition for bioactive hydration. 7. The complex according to claim 6, wherein the complex is configured for:
stimulating molecules that retain water in the deeper layers of the skin; stimulating molecules that retain water on the skin surface; stimulating the production and metabolism of lipids on the skin surface; stimulating an adequate and balanced removal of dead cells from the skin surface; and stimulating molecules that carry water and mineral salts to maintain the skin osmotic balance. 8. A method for bioactive hydration of the skin, method comprising applying the cosmetic complex according to claim 1 to the skin. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein applying the cosmetic complex according to claim 1 to the skin:
stimulates molecules that retain water in the deeper layers of the skin;
stimulates molecules that retain water on the skin surface;
stimulates the production and metabolism of lipids on the skin surface;
stimulates an adequate and balanced removal of dead cells from the skin surface; and
stimulates molecules that carry water and mineral salts to maintain the skin osmotic balance. | A novel cosmetic complex for bioactive hydration of the skin, particularly from the body and face, is provided. The cosmetic complex comprises vegetable butter and vegetable oils.1. A cosmetic complex for bioactive hydration comprising at least one vegetable butter and at least two vegetable oils. 2. The complex according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable butter comprises cupuaçu butter. 3. The complex according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oils comprise fevilea oil and canola oil. 4. The complex according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) from about 0.2 to about 2% cupuacu butter,
(b) from about 0.05 to about 2% fevilea oil, and
(c) from about 0.5 to about 3% canola oil. 5. The complex according to claim 1, further comprising glycerin. 6. The use of the complex as defined in complex according to claim 1, wherein the complex is configured for the manufacture of a cosmetic composition for bioactive hydration. 7. The complex according to claim 6, wherein the complex is configured for:
stimulating molecules that retain water in the deeper layers of the skin; stimulating molecules that retain water on the skin surface; stimulating the production and metabolism of lipids on the skin surface; stimulating an adequate and balanced removal of dead cells from the skin surface; and stimulating molecules that carry water and mineral salts to maintain the skin osmotic balance. 8. A method for bioactive hydration of the skin, method comprising applying the cosmetic complex according to claim 1 to the skin. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein applying the cosmetic complex according to claim 1 to the skin:
stimulates molecules that retain water in the deeper layers of the skin;
stimulates molecules that retain water on the skin surface;
stimulates the production and metabolism of lipids on the skin surface;
stimulates an adequate and balanced removal of dead cells from the skin surface; and
stimulates molecules that carry water and mineral salts to maintain the skin osmotic balance. | 3,600 |
338,643 | 16,641,661 | 3,616 | A saddle type electric vehicle (1) includes a charging cord (245) that is connectable to an external power supply, a cord accommodating section (230) configured to accommodate a charging cord (245), and a step floor (9) on which an occupant places his/her legs, a center tunnel (CT) bulging above the step floor (9) is provided in front of a front end of a seat (8) and below a handle (2), and the cord accommodating section (230) is disposed in the center tunnel (CT). | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. A saddle type electric vehicle comprising:
a charging cord that is connectable to an external power supply; a cord accommodating section configured to accommodate the charging cord; a lid provided on the cord accommodating section to be opened and closed; a lid opening/closing detection unit configured to detect an open/closed state of the lid; a vehicle state detection unit configured to detect a traveling state and a stopped state of the vehicle; and a control part configured to control the vehicle on the basis of detection results of the lid opening/closing detection unit and the vehicle state detection unit, wherein the control part is configured to prohibit traveling of the vehicle after the vehicle is stopped when the vehicle state detection unit detects a traveling state of the vehicle and the lid opening/closing detection unit detects an open state of the lid. 11. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising:
a vehicle body cover flush and continuous with the lid when the lid is in a closed state, wherein the lid opening/closing detection unit is configured to determine that the lid is in an open state when a gap generated between the lid and the vehicle body cover is equal to or larger than a minimum outer diameter dimension of the charging cord, and determine that the lid is in a closed state when the gap is less than the minimum outer diameter dimension of the charging cord. 12. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising a reporting means configured to perform reporting to an occupant on the basis of a detection result of the lid opening/closing detection unit. 13. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising: a step floor on which an occupant places his/her legs,
wherein a center tunnel bulging above the step floor is provided in front of a front end of a seat and below a handle, the cord accommodating section is disposed in the center tunnel, and the lid is disposed on an upper section of the center tunnel. 14. A saddle type electric vehicle comprising:
a charging cord that is connectable to an external power supply; a cord accommodating section configured to accommodate the charging cord; a lid provided on the cord accommodating section to be opened and closed; a lid opening/closing detection unit configured to detect an open/closed state of the lid; and a control part configured to detect a connection state between the external power supply and the charging cord and determine that the lid opening/closing detection unit has malfunctioned when the lid opening/closing detection unit detects a closed state of the lid. 15. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 14, wherein the lid opening/closing detection unit is configured to detect that the lid is in a closed state regardless of whether the lid is open or closed in a state in which the external power supply and the charging cord are not connected, and
the control part is configured to determine whether the lid opening/closing detection unit has malfunctioned after the state in which the external power supply and the charging cord are not connected is detected. | A saddle type electric vehicle (1) includes a charging cord (245) that is connectable to an external power supply, a cord accommodating section (230) configured to accommodate a charging cord (245), and a step floor (9) on which an occupant places his/her legs, a center tunnel (CT) bulging above the step floor (9) is provided in front of a front end of a seat (8) and below a handle (2), and the cord accommodating section (230) is disposed in the center tunnel (CT).1.-9. (canceled) 10. A saddle type electric vehicle comprising:
a charging cord that is connectable to an external power supply; a cord accommodating section configured to accommodate the charging cord; a lid provided on the cord accommodating section to be opened and closed; a lid opening/closing detection unit configured to detect an open/closed state of the lid; a vehicle state detection unit configured to detect a traveling state and a stopped state of the vehicle; and a control part configured to control the vehicle on the basis of detection results of the lid opening/closing detection unit and the vehicle state detection unit, wherein the control part is configured to prohibit traveling of the vehicle after the vehicle is stopped when the vehicle state detection unit detects a traveling state of the vehicle and the lid opening/closing detection unit detects an open state of the lid. 11. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising:
a vehicle body cover flush and continuous with the lid when the lid is in a closed state, wherein the lid opening/closing detection unit is configured to determine that the lid is in an open state when a gap generated between the lid and the vehicle body cover is equal to or larger than a minimum outer diameter dimension of the charging cord, and determine that the lid is in a closed state when the gap is less than the minimum outer diameter dimension of the charging cord. 12. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising a reporting means configured to perform reporting to an occupant on the basis of a detection result of the lid opening/closing detection unit. 13. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising: a step floor on which an occupant places his/her legs,
wherein a center tunnel bulging above the step floor is provided in front of a front end of a seat and below a handle, the cord accommodating section is disposed in the center tunnel, and the lid is disposed on an upper section of the center tunnel. 14. A saddle type electric vehicle comprising:
a charging cord that is connectable to an external power supply; a cord accommodating section configured to accommodate the charging cord; a lid provided on the cord accommodating section to be opened and closed; a lid opening/closing detection unit configured to detect an open/closed state of the lid; and a control part configured to detect a connection state between the external power supply and the charging cord and determine that the lid opening/closing detection unit has malfunctioned when the lid opening/closing detection unit detects a closed state of the lid. 15. The saddle type electric vehicle according to claim 14, wherein the lid opening/closing detection unit is configured to detect that the lid is in a closed state regardless of whether the lid is open or closed in a state in which the external power supply and the charging cord are not connected, and
the control part is configured to determine whether the lid opening/closing detection unit has malfunctioned after the state in which the external power supply and the charging cord are not connected is detected. | 3,600 |
338,644 | 16,641,713 | 3,616 | A substrate processing apparatus includes: a processing unit including a holder that holds a substrate and rotates the substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive piping unit that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; a controller that causes the processing unit to execute a liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder, and a measuring unit that measures a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the piping unit. The controller monitors the liquid processing based on a measurement result by the measuring unit. | 1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a processing unit including a holder that holds and rotates a substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive pipe that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; a controller that causes the processing unit to execute a liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder, and a gauge that measures a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the pipe, wherein the controller monitors the liquid processing based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. 2. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage that stores flowing current information in which a processing condition of the liquid processing is associated with a value of the flowing current, wherein the controller detects an abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 3. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controller detects at least one of rupture of the pipe, breakage of the substrate, and insulation of the holder as an abnormality of the liquid processing. 4. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the flowing current information includes a type of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a concentration abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 5. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the flowing current information includes a temperature of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a temperature abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 6. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller detects an occurrence of discharge during the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 7. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller detects a timing at which the processing liquid on the substrate is replaced from a first processing liquid to a second processing liquid based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 8. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a mover that moves the nozzle along a diametrical direction of the substrate, wherein the controller causes the processing unit to execute the liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder while moving the nozzle using the mover along the diametrical direction of the substrate, and estimates a distribution of a charge amount in the diametrical direction of the substrate based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 9. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a current supply that supplies a current in a direction opposite to the flowing current to a conduction path of the flowing current, wherein the controller controls an output of the current supply based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. 10. A substrate processing method comprising:
providing a processing unit including a holder that holds and rotates a substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive pipe that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; holding and rotating the substrate with the holder; supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate while the substrate is being rotated; measuring a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the pipe; and monitoring the liquid processing based on a measurement result obtained in the measuring. 11. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flowing current information includes a type of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a concentration abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 12. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flowing current information includes a temperature of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a temperature abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 13. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller detects an occurrence of discharge during the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 14. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller detects a timing at which the processing liquid on the substrate is replaced from a first processing liquid to a second processing liquid based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 15. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a mover that moves the nozzle along a diametrical direction of the substrate, wherein the controller causes the processing unit to execute the liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder while moving the nozzle using the mover along the diametrical direction of the substrate, and estimates a distribution of a charge amount in the diametrical direction of the substrate based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 16. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a current supply that supplies a current in a direction opposite to the flowing current to a conduction path of the flowing current, wherein the controller controls an output of the current supply based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. | A substrate processing apparatus includes: a processing unit including a holder that holds a substrate and rotates the substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive piping unit that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; a controller that causes the processing unit to execute a liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder, and a measuring unit that measures a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the piping unit. The controller monitors the liquid processing based on a measurement result by the measuring unit.1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a processing unit including a holder that holds and rotates a substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive pipe that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; a controller that causes the processing unit to execute a liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder, and a gauge that measures a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the pipe, wherein the controller monitors the liquid processing based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. 2. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage that stores flowing current information in which a processing condition of the liquid processing is associated with a value of the flowing current, wherein the controller detects an abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 3. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controller detects at least one of rupture of the pipe, breakage of the substrate, and insulation of the holder as an abnormality of the liquid processing. 4. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the flowing current information includes a type of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a concentration abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 5. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the flowing current information includes a temperature of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a temperature abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 6. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller detects an occurrence of discharge during the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 7. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller detects a timing at which the processing liquid on the substrate is replaced from a first processing liquid to a second processing liquid based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 8. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a mover that moves the nozzle along a diametrical direction of the substrate, wherein the controller causes the processing unit to execute the liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder while moving the nozzle using the mover along the diametrical direction of the substrate, and estimates a distribution of a charge amount in the diametrical direction of the substrate based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 9. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a current supply that supplies a current in a direction opposite to the flowing current to a conduction path of the flowing current, wherein the controller controls an output of the current supply based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. 10. A substrate processing method comprising:
providing a processing unit including a holder that holds and rotates a substrate, a nozzle that ejects a processing liquid, and a conductive pipe that supplies the processing liquid to the nozzle; holding and rotating the substrate with the holder; supplying the processing liquid from the nozzle to the substrate while the substrate is being rotated; measuring a flowing current generated by the processing liquid flowing through the pipe; and monitoring the liquid processing based on a measurement result obtained in the measuring. 11. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flowing current information includes a type of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a concentration abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 12. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flowing current information includes a temperature of the processing liquid as the processing condition of the liquid processing, and
the controller detects a temperature abnormality of the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge and the flowing current information. 13. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller detects an occurrence of discharge during the liquid processing based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 14. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller detects a timing at which the processing liquid on the substrate is replaced from a first processing liquid to a second processing liquid based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 15. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a mover that moves the nozzle along a diametrical direction of the substrate, wherein the controller causes the processing unit to execute the liquid processing in which the substrate is processed by supplying the processing liquid from nozzle to the substrate that is held and rotated by the holder while moving the nozzle using the mover along the diametrical direction of the substrate, and estimates a distribution of a charge amount in the diametrical direction of the substrate based on the measurement result obtained by the gauge. 16. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a current supply that supplies a current in a direction opposite to the flowing current to a conduction path of the flowing current, wherein the controller controls an output of the current supply based on a measurement result obtained by the gauge. | 3,600 |
338,645 | 16,641,707 | 3,616 | The present invention is directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, Ashwagandha, coenzyme Q10, L-Tirosine, Rhodiola, Bacopa monnieri, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine (preferably GMO free), and piperine (i.e. blackpepper extract). The present invention is also directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, coenzyme Q10, citrulline malate, Siberian Ginseng, L-Tyrosine, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Hericium erinaceus (Lion's mane), Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, Resveratrol and piperine (blackpepper extract). | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Shilajit, Ashwagandha, Phosphatidylserine, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), and piperine (blackpepper 5 extract). 16. The chewing gum according to claim 15, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Bacopa monnieri, L-Tyrosine, vitamin B6, Folic acid, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), L-Citrullin, Resveratrol, Folic acid, L-Theanine, Vinpocetine, Vitamin C, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, and Pterostilbene. 17. The chewing gum according to claim 16, wherein the additional active ingredient comprises Bacopa monnieri. 18. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Shilajit, Coenzyme Q10, Phosphatidylserine, Siberian Ginseng, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 19. The chewing gum according to claim 18, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Glycerophosphocholine, Hericum erinaceus (Lion's mane), Zinc, Iodine, Magnesium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12. 20. The chewing gum according to claim 19, wherein said additional active ingredient comprises Glycerophosphocholine. 21. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine, and piperine. 22. The chewing gum according to claim 21, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, L-Theanine, Oat extract (Avena sativa), vitamin B6, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Bacopa monnieri, Lion's Mane, L-Citrullin, Vinpocetine, and Pterostilbene. 23. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, L-Theanine, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), and piperine (blackpepper extract). 24. The chewing gum according to claim 23, further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, Oat extract (Avena sativa), Phosphatidylserine, vitamin B6, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), Guayusa, Bacopa monnieri, Lion's Mane, L-Citrullin, Vinpocetine, Pterostilbene, and Phosphatidylserine. 25. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least citrulline malate, L-Tyrosine, Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 26. The chewing gum according to claim 25, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: alpha-glycerylphosphorycholine, Quercus robur wood extract, Vinpocetine, vitamin B6, CoQ10, Lion's mane, and Reishi. 27. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least citrulline malate, alpha-glycerylphosphorycholine, Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 28. The chewing gum according to claim 27, further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, Quercus robur wood extract, Vinpocetine, vitamin B6, CoQ10, Lion's mane, and Reishi. | The present invention is directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, Ashwagandha, coenzyme Q10, L-Tirosine, Rhodiola, Bacopa monnieri, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine (preferably GMO free), and piperine (i.e. blackpepper extract). The present invention is also directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, coenzyme Q10, citrulline malate, Siberian Ginseng, L-Tyrosine, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Hericium erinaceus (Lion's mane), Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, Resveratrol and piperine (blackpepper extract).1-14. (canceled) 15. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Shilajit, Ashwagandha, Phosphatidylserine, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), and piperine (blackpepper 5 extract). 16. The chewing gum according to claim 15, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Bacopa monnieri, L-Tyrosine, vitamin B6, Folic acid, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), L-Citrullin, Resveratrol, Folic acid, L-Theanine, Vinpocetine, Vitamin C, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, and Pterostilbene. 17. The chewing gum according to claim 16, wherein the additional active ingredient comprises Bacopa monnieri. 18. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Shilajit, Coenzyme Q10, Phosphatidylserine, Siberian Ginseng, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 19. The chewing gum according to claim 18, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Glycerophosphocholine, Hericum erinaceus (Lion's mane), Zinc, Iodine, Magnesium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12. 20. The chewing gum according to claim 19, wherein said additional active ingredient comprises Glycerophosphocholine. 21. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine, and piperine. 22. The chewing gum according to claim 21, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, L-Theanine, Oat extract (Avena sativa), vitamin B6, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Bacopa monnieri, Lion's Mane, L-Citrullin, Vinpocetine, and Pterostilbene. 23. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, L-Theanine, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), and piperine (blackpepper extract). 24. The chewing gum according to claim 23, further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, Oat extract (Avena sativa), Phosphatidylserine, vitamin B6, Catsclaw root extract (Uncaria tomentosa), Guayusa, Bacopa monnieri, Lion's Mane, L-Citrullin, Vinpocetine, Pterostilbene, and Phosphatidylserine. 25. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least citrulline malate, L-Tyrosine, Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 26. The chewing gum according to claim 25, further comprising an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: alpha-glycerylphosphorycholine, Quercus robur wood extract, Vinpocetine, vitamin B6, CoQ10, Lion's mane, and Reishi. 27. A chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients effective in providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients comprise at least citrulline malate, alpha-glycerylphosphorycholine, Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, and piperine (blackpepper extract). 28. The chewing gum according to claim 27, further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: L-Tyrosine, Quercus robur wood extract, Vinpocetine, vitamin B6, CoQ10, Lion's mane, and Reishi. | 3,600 |
338,646 | 16,641,718 | 3,616 | Provide is a loading vehicle capable of quickly operating an object handling device in the upward direction while traveling forward. | 1. A loading vehicle, comprising:
an engine; a variable displacement traveling hydraulic pump driven by the engine; a variable displacement traveling hydraulic motor connected to the traveling hydraulic pump through a closed circuit to transmit driving force of the engine to wheels; an object handling device provided at a front portion of a vehicle body to be rotatable in a vertical direction; an object handling hydraulic pump driven by the engine to supply hydraulic oil to the object handling device; and an operation device for operating the object handling device, wherein the loading vehicle further comprises:
a traveling state sensor configured to detect a traveling state of the vehicle body;
an operation state sensor configured to detect an operation state of the object handling device by the operation device; and
a controller configured to control the engine, the traveling hydraulic pump, and the traveling hydraulic motor, and
the controller is configured to: based on the traveling state detected by the traveling state sensor and the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether a specific condition for specifying lifting operation of the object handling device during forward traveling of the vehicle body is satisfied, and in a case of having determined that the specific condition is satisfied, increase maximum rotational speed of the engine to a predetermined value which is greater than the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and adjust displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic pump or displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic motor so as to limit maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to a predetermined value which is smaller than the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. 2. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the operation state sensor is at least one of an operation signal sensor configured to detect an operation signal from the operation device, an operation amount sensor configured to detect an operation amount of the operation device, and a discharge pressure sensor configured to detect discharge pressure of the object handling hydraulic pump. 3. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to increase minimum displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic motor so as to limit the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body. 4. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to increase the maximum rotational speed of the engine and limit the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body only at a low speed stage which is selected in a case where the vehicle body is traveling toward a loading destination during loading work. 5. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
based on the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether the lifting operation of the object handling device is stopped; and in a case of having determined that the lifting operation of the object handling device is stopped, return the increased maximum rotational speed of the engine to the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and return the limited maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. 6. A loading vehicle, comprising:
an engine; a generator driven by the engine; an electric motor connected to the generator to transmit driving force of the engine to wheels; an object handling device provided at a front portion of a vehicle body to be rotatable in a vertical direction; an object handling hydraulic pump driven by the engine to supply hydraulic oil to the object handling device; and an operation device for operating the object handling device, wherein the loading vehicle further comprises:
a traveling state sensor configured to detect a traveling state of the vehicle body;
an operation state sensor configured to detect an operation state of the object handling device by the operation device; and
a controller configured to control the engine and the electric motor, and
the controller is configured to: based on the traveling state detected by the traveling state sensor and the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether a specific condition for specifying lifting operation of the object handling device during forward traveling of the vehicle body is satisfied, and in a case of having determined that the specific condition is satisfied, increase maximum rotational speed of the engine to a predetermined value which is greater than the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and decrease rotational speed of the electric motor so as to limit maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to a predetermined value which is smaller than the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. | Provide is a loading vehicle capable of quickly operating an object handling device in the upward direction while traveling forward.1. A loading vehicle, comprising:
an engine; a variable displacement traveling hydraulic pump driven by the engine; a variable displacement traveling hydraulic motor connected to the traveling hydraulic pump through a closed circuit to transmit driving force of the engine to wheels; an object handling device provided at a front portion of a vehicle body to be rotatable in a vertical direction; an object handling hydraulic pump driven by the engine to supply hydraulic oil to the object handling device; and an operation device for operating the object handling device, wherein the loading vehicle further comprises:
a traveling state sensor configured to detect a traveling state of the vehicle body;
an operation state sensor configured to detect an operation state of the object handling device by the operation device; and
a controller configured to control the engine, the traveling hydraulic pump, and the traveling hydraulic motor, and
the controller is configured to: based on the traveling state detected by the traveling state sensor and the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether a specific condition for specifying lifting operation of the object handling device during forward traveling of the vehicle body is satisfied, and in a case of having determined that the specific condition is satisfied, increase maximum rotational speed of the engine to a predetermined value which is greater than the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and adjust displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic pump or displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic motor so as to limit maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to a predetermined value which is smaller than the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. 2. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the operation state sensor is at least one of an operation signal sensor configured to detect an operation signal from the operation device, an operation amount sensor configured to detect an operation amount of the operation device, and a discharge pressure sensor configured to detect discharge pressure of the object handling hydraulic pump. 3. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to increase minimum displacement volume of the traveling hydraulic motor so as to limit the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body. 4. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to increase the maximum rotational speed of the engine and limit the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body only at a low speed stage which is selected in a case where the vehicle body is traveling toward a loading destination during loading work. 5. The loading vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
based on the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether the lifting operation of the object handling device is stopped; and in a case of having determined that the lifting operation of the object handling device is stopped, return the increased maximum rotational speed of the engine to the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and return the limited maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. 6. A loading vehicle, comprising:
an engine; a generator driven by the engine; an electric motor connected to the generator to transmit driving force of the engine to wheels; an object handling device provided at a front portion of a vehicle body to be rotatable in a vertical direction; an object handling hydraulic pump driven by the engine to supply hydraulic oil to the object handling device; and an operation device for operating the object handling device, wherein the loading vehicle further comprises:
a traveling state sensor configured to detect a traveling state of the vehicle body;
an operation state sensor configured to detect an operation state of the object handling device by the operation device; and
a controller configured to control the engine and the electric motor, and
the controller is configured to: based on the traveling state detected by the traveling state sensor and the operation state of the object handling device detected by the operation state sensor, determine whether a specific condition for specifying lifting operation of the object handling device during forward traveling of the vehicle body is satisfied, and in a case of having determined that the specific condition is satisfied, increase maximum rotational speed of the engine to a predetermined value which is greater than the maximum rotational speed of the engine during traveling of the vehicle body on a flat ground with the object handling device being in a non-operating state, and decrease rotational speed of the electric motor so as to limit maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body to a predetermined value which is smaller than the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle body prior to the lifting operation of the object handling device. | 3,600 |
338,647 | 16,641,719 | 3,616 | The invention provides a system and related equipment for the precise measurement of the output characteristic of a light source, e.g., a dental light curing unit (LCU) or light for photodynamic therapy, using a light collector, a light detector, and a computer programmed to deliver the value of the output characteristic of the light source to the user. The systems allow for the determination of a proper exposure time or the selection of a light source as needed for a specific application. | 1. A system for the determination of an output characteristic of a light source, the system comprising:
a) a light collector; b) a non-spectral light detector configured to produce a signal from the light collector; and c) a computer programmed to provide the output characteristic of the light source from the signal produced by the light detector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is programmed with a neural network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the neural network is trained with the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the neural network is further trained with a plurality of input values for an optical characteristic of the light detector. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 6. The system of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the input data for the neural network is normalized to values between 0-1. 7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a mobile device that communicates with the computer to provide the output characteristic of the light source. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 9. The system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the light detector is a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, a CCD array, a CMOS sensor, a thermopile, or a photovoltaic device. 10. The system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the light detector. 11. The system of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 12. A computer programmed with a neural network whose input data is a function of a signal produced by a light detector to determine an output characteristic of a light source, the neural network comprising:
a) a plurality of input nodes, wherein each input node is configured to contain at least one data point; b) a plurality of hidden nodes grouped in a plurality of layers, wherein each of the plurality of hidden nodes receives as input all of the at least one data points from the plurality of input nodes; and c) an output node, 13. The computer of claim 12, wherein the hidden nodes and output node are further trained with an optical characteristic of the light detector. 14. The computer of claim 12 or 13, wherein the data on each of the plurality of hidden nodes is summed before being passed to the plurality of hidden nodes in the next layer. 15. The computer of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the data passed between hidden nodes is statistically weighted using the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source and the optical characteristic of the light detector. 16. The computer of any one of claim 13 or 15, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 17. The computer of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the plurality of hidden nodes further comprises a transfer function to calculate the output characteristic of the light source. 18. The computer of claim 17, wherein the derivative of the transfer function is used to update the statistical weights of each of the plurality of hidden nodes. 19. The computer of claim 17 or 18, wherein the transfer function is a sigmoid function or rectifier function. 20. The computer of any one of claims 12-19, wherein the data from the plurality of hidden nodes in the last of the plurality of layers are passed to the output node. 21. The computer of any one of claims 12-20, wherein the output node further comprises a sigmoid or rectifier transfer function. 22. The computer of any one of claims 12-21, wherein the output node returns a value representative of the output characteristic of the light source. 23. The computer of any one of claims 12-22, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 24. A system for the determination of an output characteristic of a light source, the system comprising:
a) a light collector; b) a light detector configured to produce a signal from the light collector; and c) a computer programmed with a neural network to provide the output characteristic of the light source from input data corresponding to the signal produced by the light detector. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the neural network is trained with the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source. 26. The system of claim 24 or 25, wherein the neural network is further trained with a plurality of input values for an optical characteristic of the light detector. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 28. The system of any one of claims 24-27, wherein the input data for the neural network is normalized to values between 0-1. 29. The system of any one of claims 24-28, further comprising a mobile device that communicates with the computer to provide the output characteristic of the light source. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 31. The system of any one of claims 24-30, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 32. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) collecting light from a light source with a light collector and light detector to produce a signal; b) sending the signal to a computer programmed with a neural network to determine the output characteristic of the light source; and c) providing the output characteristic to a user. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly to the light detector. 34. The method of claim 33 or 34, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the mobile device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 36. The method of any one of claims 32-35, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 37. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) collecting light from a light source with a light collector and non-spectral light detector to produce a signal; b) sending the signal to a computer programmed to determine the output characteristic of the light source; and c) providing the output characteristic to a user. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the signal produced from the non-spectral light detector is a voltage. 39. The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly to the non-spectral light detector. 40. The method of any one of claims 37-39, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the mobile device. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 42. The method of any one of claims 37-41, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 43. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) receiving a signal from light collected from a light source with a light collector and non-spectral light detector; and b) using the signal in a computer programmed to determine the output characteristic of the light source. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising providing the output characteristic to a user. 45. The method of any one of claim 43 or 44, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 46. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) receiving a signal from light collected from a light source with a light collector and light detector; and b) using the signal in a computer programmed with a neural network to determine the output characteristic of the light source. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising providing the output characteristic to a user. 48. The method of any one of claim 46 or 47, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 49. A device comprising a light diffusing element comprising an element comprising
i) a top portion comprising a screen; ii) a bottom portion comprising an inner surface that is substantially hemispherical, and iii) a side portion comprising an inner surface that is substantially cylindrical and an outlet port, 50. The device of claim 49, further comprising a filter above or below the screen. 51. The device of claim 49 or 50, further comprising a light detector configured to produce a signal from the light in the outlet port. 52. The device of any one of claims 49-51, wherein the light diffusing element prevents light from penetrating through the side portion or the bottom portion except via the outlet port. 53. The device of any one of claims 49-52, wherein the light diffusing element allows for substantially uniform light diffusion across the inner surfaces. 54. The device of any one of claims 49-53, wherein the inner surfaces comprise polytetrafluoroethylene, barium sulfate, or polyoxymethylene. 55. The device of any one of claims 49-54, wherein the screen comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, barium sulfate, or polyoxymethylene. 56. The device of any one of claims 49-55, wherein the screen comprises a transparent or translucent material. 57. The device of any one of claims 49-56, wherein the screen is coated with a translucent Lambertian coating. 58. The device of any one of claims 49-57, wherein the height of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion is between 1 mm and 50 mm. 59. The device of any one of claims 49-58, wherein the height of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion is between 1 mm and 15 mm. 60. The device of any one of claims 49-59, wherein the top portion further comprises an aperture. 61. The device of claim 60, wherein the aperture in the top portion of the light diffusing element has a diameter between 1 mm and 300 mm. 62. The device of claim 60, wherein the aperture in the top portion of the light diffusing element has a diameter between 4 mm and 30 mm. 63. The device of any one of claims 49-62, wherein the outlet port has a diameter between 1 and 20 mm. 64. The device of any one of claims 49-63, wherein the outlet port has a diameter between 5 and 15 mm. 65. The device of any one of claims 49-64, wherein the diameter of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion and/or the substantially hemispherical inner surface of the bottom portion is between 1 and 30 mm. 66. The device of any one of claims 49-65, wherein the diameter of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion and/or the substantially hemispherical inner surface of the bottom portion is between 15 and 25 mm. | The invention provides a system and related equipment for the precise measurement of the output characteristic of a light source, e.g., a dental light curing unit (LCU) or light for photodynamic therapy, using a light collector, a light detector, and a computer programmed to deliver the value of the output characteristic of the light source to the user. The systems allow for the determination of a proper exposure time or the selection of a light source as needed for a specific application.1. A system for the determination of an output characteristic of a light source, the system comprising:
a) a light collector; b) a non-spectral light detector configured to produce a signal from the light collector; and c) a computer programmed to provide the output characteristic of the light source from the signal produced by the light detector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is programmed with a neural network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the neural network is trained with the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the neural network is further trained with a plurality of input values for an optical characteristic of the light detector. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 6. The system of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the input data for the neural network is normalized to values between 0-1. 7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a mobile device that communicates with the computer to provide the output characteristic of the light source. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 9. The system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the light detector is a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, a CCD array, a CMOS sensor, a thermopile, or a photovoltaic device. 10. The system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the light detector. 11. The system of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 12. A computer programmed with a neural network whose input data is a function of a signal produced by a light detector to determine an output characteristic of a light source, the neural network comprising:
a) a plurality of input nodes, wherein each input node is configured to contain at least one data point; b) a plurality of hidden nodes grouped in a plurality of layers, wherein each of the plurality of hidden nodes receives as input all of the at least one data points from the plurality of input nodes; and c) an output node, 13. The computer of claim 12, wherein the hidden nodes and output node are further trained with an optical characteristic of the light detector. 14. The computer of claim 12 or 13, wherein the data on each of the plurality of hidden nodes is summed before being passed to the plurality of hidden nodes in the next layer. 15. The computer of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the data passed between hidden nodes is statistically weighted using the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source and the optical characteristic of the light detector. 16. The computer of any one of claim 13 or 15, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 17. The computer of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the plurality of hidden nodes further comprises a transfer function to calculate the output characteristic of the light source. 18. The computer of claim 17, wherein the derivative of the transfer function is used to update the statistical weights of each of the plurality of hidden nodes. 19. The computer of claim 17 or 18, wherein the transfer function is a sigmoid function or rectifier function. 20. The computer of any one of claims 12-19, wherein the data from the plurality of hidden nodes in the last of the plurality of layers are passed to the output node. 21. The computer of any one of claims 12-20, wherein the output node further comprises a sigmoid or rectifier transfer function. 22. The computer of any one of claims 12-21, wherein the output node returns a value representative of the output characteristic of the light source. 23. The computer of any one of claims 12-22, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 24. A system for the determination of an output characteristic of a light source, the system comprising:
a) a light collector; b) a light detector configured to produce a signal from the light collector; and c) a computer programmed with a neural network to provide the output characteristic of the light source from input data corresponding to the signal produced by the light detector. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the neural network is trained with the spectral profiles of a plurality of light sources including the light source. 26. The system of claim 24 or 25, wherein the neural network is further trained with a plurality of input values for an optical characteristic of the light detector. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the optical characteristic is the responsivity curve of the light detector. 28. The system of any one of claims 24-27, wherein the input data for the neural network is normalized to values between 0-1. 29. The system of any one of claims 24-28, further comprising a mobile device that communicates with the computer to provide the output characteristic of the light source. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 31. The system of any one of claims 24-30, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 32. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) collecting light from a light source with a light collector and light detector to produce a signal; b) sending the signal to a computer programmed with a neural network to determine the output characteristic of the light source; and c) providing the output characteristic to a user. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly to the light detector. 34. The method of claim 33 or 34, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the mobile device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 36. The method of any one of claims 32-35, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 37. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) collecting light from a light source with a light collector and non-spectral light detector to produce a signal; b) sending the signal to a computer programmed to determine the output characteristic of the light source; and c) providing the output characteristic to a user. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the signal produced from the non-spectral light detector is a voltage. 39. The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly to the non-spectral light detector. 40. The method of any one of claims 37-39, wherein the computer communicates wirelessly with the mobile device. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the mobile device is a handheld device. 42. The method of any one of claims 37-41, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 43. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) receiving a signal from light collected from a light source with a light collector and non-spectral light detector; and b) using the signal in a computer programmed to determine the output characteristic of the light source. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising providing the output characteristic to a user. 45. The method of any one of claim 43 or 44, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 46. A method of determining an output characteristic of a light source, comprising:
a) receiving a signal from light collected from a light source with a light collector and light detector; and b) using the signal in a computer programmed with a neural network to determine the output characteristic of the light source. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising providing the output characteristic to a user. 48. The method of any one of claim 46 or 47, wherein the output characteristic is output power, output energy, output flux, a calculated spectrum, irradiance, calculated light source age, or calculated exposure time. 49. A device comprising a light diffusing element comprising an element comprising
i) a top portion comprising a screen; ii) a bottom portion comprising an inner surface that is substantially hemispherical, and iii) a side portion comprising an inner surface that is substantially cylindrical and an outlet port, 50. The device of claim 49, further comprising a filter above or below the screen. 51. The device of claim 49 or 50, further comprising a light detector configured to produce a signal from the light in the outlet port. 52. The device of any one of claims 49-51, wherein the light diffusing element prevents light from penetrating through the side portion or the bottom portion except via the outlet port. 53. The device of any one of claims 49-52, wherein the light diffusing element allows for substantially uniform light diffusion across the inner surfaces. 54. The device of any one of claims 49-53, wherein the inner surfaces comprise polytetrafluoroethylene, barium sulfate, or polyoxymethylene. 55. The device of any one of claims 49-54, wherein the screen comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, barium sulfate, or polyoxymethylene. 56. The device of any one of claims 49-55, wherein the screen comprises a transparent or translucent material. 57. The device of any one of claims 49-56, wherein the screen is coated with a translucent Lambertian coating. 58. The device of any one of claims 49-57, wherein the height of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion is between 1 mm and 50 mm. 59. The device of any one of claims 49-58, wherein the height of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion is between 1 mm and 15 mm. 60. The device of any one of claims 49-59, wherein the top portion further comprises an aperture. 61. The device of claim 60, wherein the aperture in the top portion of the light diffusing element has a diameter between 1 mm and 300 mm. 62. The device of claim 60, wherein the aperture in the top portion of the light diffusing element has a diameter between 4 mm and 30 mm. 63. The device of any one of claims 49-62, wherein the outlet port has a diameter between 1 and 20 mm. 64. The device of any one of claims 49-63, wherein the outlet port has a diameter between 5 and 15 mm. 65. The device of any one of claims 49-64, wherein the diameter of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion and/or the substantially hemispherical inner surface of the bottom portion is between 1 and 30 mm. 66. The device of any one of claims 49-65, wherein the diameter of the substantially cylindrical inner surface of the side portion and/or the substantially hemispherical inner surface of the bottom portion is between 15 and 25 mm. | 3,600 |
338,648 | 16,641,703 | 3,616 | Disclosed are a display apparatus and a control method thereof. The display apparatus includes a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer and a grate-like structure. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source. The grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The grate-like structure is reused as both an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer and a grating. The backlight source includes a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate. The grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer distal from the light guide plate and reused as both an electrode configured to control the refractive index of the liquid crystal and a grating. | 1. A display apparatus, comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure; wherein:
the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof. 2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array;
wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, and each of the sub-pixel regions comprises at least two grate-like electrodes. 3. The display apparatus according to claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array;
wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode structure disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the backlight source. 4. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode structure comprises a plurality of first electrodes;
wherein the plurality of first electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the grate-like structure covers on a side of the liquid crystal layer distal from the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is an integral structure. 5. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes;
wherein the plurality of grate-like electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the first electrode structure is an electrode layer which covers the side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the backlight source. 6. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes;
wherein the plurality of grate-like electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the first electrode structure comprises a plurality of first electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions. 7. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; and an electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly comprises a second electrode structure disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure; wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, the plurality of grate-like electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the second electrode structure and the grate-like structure are insulated from each other. 8. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a material of the grate-like structure comprises a reflective and conductive material. 9. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter substrate, wherein the color filter substrate is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure. 10. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting substrate is a color filter substrate, the color filter substrate comprising a transparent base substrate and a color filter layer which is disposed on a side of the transparent base substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. 11. The display apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate. 12. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grate-like structure satisfies a diffraction grating formula, and the diffraction grating formula is:
n i sin θi −n d sin θd =m*λ/Λ(m=0,+/−1,+/−2, . . . )
wherein ni is an incident spatial refractive index, nd is an emitting spatial refractive index, θi is an incident angle, θd is an emitting angle, m is a grating order, λ is a light wavelength, and Λ is a grating period of the grate-like structure. 13. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; and a second electrode structure disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure; wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, the plurality of grate-like electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the second electrode structure and the grate-like structure are insulated from each other; a material of the grate-like structure comprises a reflective and conductive material; the light-transmitting substrate is a color filter substrate, the color filter substrate comprising a transparent base substrate and a color filter layer which is disposed on a side of the transparent base substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate; and the grate-like structure satisfies a diffraction grating formula:
n i sin θi −n d sin θd =m*λ/Λ(m=0,+/−1,+/−2, . . . )
wherein ni is an incident spatial refractive index, nd is an emitting spatial refractive index, θi is an incident angle, θd is an emitting angle, m is a grating order, λ is a light wavelength, and Λ is a grating period of the grate-like structure. 14. A control method of a display apparatus, applied to the display apparatus as defined in claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure; wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof;
the method comprising: acquiring a control instruction, wherein the control instruction is configured to instruct a designated display area for light control in a display area of the display apparatus; upon activation of a collimated light source, changing an equivalent refractive index of a liquid crystal layer of the designated display area by a grate-like structure, such that light from the collimated light source is emitted from an orthographic projection area of the designated display area in the light guide plate into the liquid crystal layer. 15. The control method according to claim 14, wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and upon the activation of the collimated light source, changing the equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer of the designated display area by the grate-like structure, such that the light from the collimated light source is emitted from the orthographic projection area of the designated display area in the light guide plate into the liquid crystal layer comprises:
controlling a deflection angle of liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer by the grate-like structure or by the grate-like structure and the electrode assembly to adjust a light emitting efficiency of the display apparatus. 16. The control method according to claim 14, wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and upon acquiring the control instruction, the method further comprises:
controlling a deflection long axis of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer of the display area of the display apparatus other than the designated display area by the grate-like structure or by the grate-like structure and the electrode assembly, such that that an angle defined between the deflection long axis and the light guide plate is equal to an incident angle of the light in the light guide plate. 17. A display device, comprising the display apparatus as defined claim 1, wherein the display apparatus comprises a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure: wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the display device is a virtual reality device or an augmented reality device. 19. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate. | Disclosed are a display apparatus and a control method thereof. The display apparatus includes a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer and a grate-like structure. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source. The grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The grate-like structure is reused as both an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer and a grating. The backlight source includes a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate. The grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer distal from the light guide plate and reused as both an electrode configured to control the refractive index of the liquid crystal and a grating.1. A display apparatus, comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure; wherein:
the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof. 2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array;
wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, and each of the sub-pixel regions comprises at least two grate-like electrodes. 3. The display apparatus according to claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array;
wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode structure disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the backlight source. 4. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode structure comprises a plurality of first electrodes;
wherein the plurality of first electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the grate-like structure covers on a side of the liquid crystal layer distal from the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is an integral structure. 5. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes;
wherein the plurality of grate-like electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the first electrode structure is an electrode layer which covers the side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the backlight source. 6. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes;
wherein the plurality of grate-like electrodes are respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the first electrode structure comprises a plurality of first electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions. 7. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; and an electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly comprises a second electrode structure disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure; wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, the plurality of grate-like electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the second electrode structure and the grate-like structure are insulated from each other. 8. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a material of the grate-like structure comprises a reflective and conductive material. 9. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter substrate, wherein the color filter substrate is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure. 10. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting substrate is a color filter substrate, the color filter substrate comprising a transparent base substrate and a color filter layer which is disposed on a side of the transparent base substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. 11. The display apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate. 12. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grate-like structure satisfies a diffraction grating formula, and the diffraction grating formula is:
n i sin θi −n d sin θd =m*λ/Λ(m=0,+/−1,+/−2, . . . )
wherein ni is an incident spatial refractive index, nd is an emitting spatial refractive index, θi is an incident angle, θd is an emitting angle, m is a grating order, λ is a light wavelength, and Λ is a grating period of the grate-like structure. 13. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; and a second electrode structure disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the grate-like structure; wherein the grate-like structure comprises a plurality of grate-like electrodes, the plurality of grate-like electrodes being respectively disposed in each of the sub-pixel regions, and the second electrode structure and the grate-like structure are insulated from each other; a material of the grate-like structure comprises a reflective and conductive material; the light-transmitting substrate is a color filter substrate, the color filter substrate comprising a transparent base substrate and a color filter layer which is disposed on a side of the transparent base substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate; and the grate-like structure satisfies a diffraction grating formula:
n i sin θi −n d sin θd =m*λ/Λ(m=0,+/−1,+/−2, . . . )
wherein ni is an incident spatial refractive index, nd is an emitting spatial refractive index, θi is an incident angle, θd is an emitting angle, m is a grating order, λ is a light wavelength, and Λ is a grating period of the grate-like structure. 14. A control method of a display apparatus, applied to the display apparatus as defined in claim 1, the display apparatus comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure; wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof;
the method comprising: acquiring a control instruction, wherein the control instruction is configured to instruct a designated display area for light control in a display area of the display apparatus; upon activation of a collimated light source, changing an equivalent refractive index of a liquid crystal layer of the designated display area by a grate-like structure, such that light from the collimated light source is emitted from an orthographic projection area of the designated display area in the light guide plate into the liquid crystal layer. 15. The control method according to claim 14, wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and upon the activation of the collimated light source, changing the equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer of the designated display area by the grate-like structure, such that the light from the collimated light source is emitted from the orthographic projection area of the designated display area in the light guide plate into the liquid crystal layer comprises:
controlling a deflection angle of liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer by the grate-like structure or by the grate-like structure and the electrode assembly to adjust a light emitting efficiency of the display apparatus. 16. The control method according to claim 14, wherein the display apparatus comprises an electrode assembly, and upon acquiring the control instruction, the method further comprises:
controlling a deflection long axis of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer of the display area of the display apparatus other than the designated display area by the grate-like structure or by the grate-like structure and the electrode assembly, such that that an angle defined between the deflection long axis and the light guide plate is equal to an incident angle of the light in the light guide plate. 17. A display device, comprising the display apparatus as defined claim 1, wherein the display apparatus comprises a light-transmitting substrate, a backlight source, a liquid crystal layer, and a grate-like structure: wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate and the backlight source, and the grate-like structure is disposed on a side of the light-transmitting substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer and reused as a grating and an electrode configured to control an equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer; and the backlight source comprises a light guide plate and a collimated light source which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate other than two larger surfaces thereof. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the display device is a virtual reality device or an augmented reality device. 19. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the color filter substrate is a quantum dot color filter substrate. | 3,600 |
338,649 | 16,641,701 | 3,616 | The invention relates to a personal care composition, more particularly to a composition for use to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body. The composition could be delivered in the form of a skin, scalp, hair or oral care product, more particularly a skin care product. The benefit is delivered via a combination of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof and a vitamin B3 compound wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:15 to 1:500. | 1. A personal care composition to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body, comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a vitamin B3 compound; and (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:20 to 1:100. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PUFA or ester thereof is DHA or EPA. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the vitamin B3 compound is niacinamide. 4. The composition for as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% PUFA or ester thereof by weight of the composition. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% vitamin B3 compound by weight of the composition. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cosmetically acceptable base comprises water, oil, surfactant, emulsion, gel or combinations thereof. 7. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claim 1 in the form of an oral care, or a skin, scalp or hair care product. 8. A non-therapeutic method of reducing or preventing inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body comprising the step of applying a composition on to the surface, said composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a vitamin B3 compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:20 to 1:100. 9. The non-therapeutic method of claim 8 wherein the composition further comprises a sunscreen. | The invention relates to a personal care composition, more particularly to a composition for use to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body. The composition could be delivered in the form of a skin, scalp, hair or oral care product, more particularly a skin care product. The benefit is delivered via a combination of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof and a vitamin B3 compound wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:15 to 1:500.1. A personal care composition to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body, comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a vitamin B3 compound; and (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:20 to 1:100. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PUFA or ester thereof is DHA or EPA. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the vitamin B3 compound is niacinamide. 4. The composition for as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% PUFA or ester thereof by weight of the composition. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% vitamin B3 compound by weight of the composition. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cosmetically acceptable base comprises water, oil, surfactant, emulsion, gel or combinations thereof. 7. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claim 1 in the form of an oral care, or a skin, scalp or hair care product. 8. A non-therapeutic method of reducing or preventing inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body comprising the step of applying a composition on to the surface, said composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or an ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a vitamin B3 compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the vitamin B3 compound is 1:20 to 1:100. 9. The non-therapeutic method of claim 8 wherein the composition further comprises a sunscreen. | 3,600 |
338,650 | 16,641,720 | 3,616 | The invention relates to a process and apparatus for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate and a carrier at specific locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier, the process comprising the steps of: | 1. A process for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate, comprising a plurality of electronic components (integrated circuits (ICs)) each comprising a respective group of terminals, and a carrier at specific locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent transfer of the flexible substrate, comprising a plurality of electronic components, directly from the carrier onto a respective first portion comprising a respective group of contact pads (contacts), the process comprising the steps of:
providing a flexible substrate comprising a plurality of integrated circuits thereon; providing a carrier for the flexible substrate, the flexible substrate being adhered to the carrier creating an interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier; changing the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at one or more selected locations by non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) so as to decrease or increase the adhesion force between a portion of the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). 2-57. (canceled) 58. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s), or wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). 59. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s) and the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the remaining areas (i.e. the untreated areas making up the area other than the selected location(s)) is sufficient to retain contact between the substrate and the carrier during storage and handling and to allow removal of the flexible substrate directly from the carrier during an IC transfer process. 60. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s) and the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the selected location(s) is sufficient to retain contact between the substrate and the carrier during storage and handling and to allow removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier during an IC transfer process, optionally, wherein following the step of non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier so as to increase the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s), the method further comprises a subsequent step of uniformly treating the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) so as to decrease the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in all remaining areas except the selected location(s). 61. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one part of the flexible substrate comprising an IC and reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one further part of the flexible substrate comprising the same IC, or wherein the non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) increases adhesion between the flexible substrate and the carrier in a plurality of parts of the flexible substrate wherein each part comprises an IC and reduces adhesion between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one further portion of the same plurality of parts of the flexible substrate, wherein each part comprises the same IC. 62. A process according to claim 1, wherein the interface comprises an interlayer. 63. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer comprises one or more of: an epoxy adhesive; titanium metal; an adhesive, optionally, wherein the adhesive is one or more of an engineering adhesive which adsorbs electromagnetic radiation at a particular wavelength or a thermally activated adhesive; and a primer layer, optionally, wherein the primer layer comprises an adhesion promoter, further optionally, wherein the adhesion promoter is a silane-based material. 64. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer is patterned, optionally, wherein the interlayer provides a portion, portions or the whole of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier. 65. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer forms one or more of: the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least the selected areas; the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier along one or more edges of the, or each, IC; the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the area of the flexible substrate including the, or each, IC and excluding one or more edges of the, or each, IC. 66. A process according to claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate is formed of a plurality of die, each comprising an IC, optionally, wherein flexible substrate is cut (e.g. by laser ablation) into a plurality of die each comprising an IC. 67. A process according to claim 1, wherein the one or more selected locations comprise a portion but not all of each die of the flexible substrate. 68. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment of the flexible substrate with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) comprises avoiding the selected areas, or reducing the power of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source in the selected areas, or scanning the electromagnetic radiation across the flexible substrate in a non-step wise manner, thus changing the adhesion profile spatially between the flexible substrate and the carrier, optionally, wherein the change in adhesion force is a perforated pattern of consecutive ablation and non- or partial-ablation of the flexible substrate between each die, further optionally, wherein the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is changed to control ablation of the substrate material and/or the interlayer (if present) at the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier. 69. A process according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of ICs are arranged as a regular array on the carrier, with a repetition interval of a distance D1 in a first direction, optionally, wherein the non-uniform treatment changes the adhesion force between groups of ICs and the carrier with a treatment repetition interval (distance, period) of n×D1 in the corresponding first direction. 70. A process according to claim 1, wherein the selected locations are one or more of: one or more edge(s) of a, or each die, the corners of a, or each die (when the die is polygonal), and a leading and/or trailing edge of a, or each die. 71. An apparatus for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate and a carrier at one or more selected locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier, the apparatus comprising:
a carriage configured to support an assembly comprising a flexible substrate adhered to a carrier and having an interface therebetween, the flexible substrate comprising a plurality of integrated circuits thereon, an electromagnetic radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation of a pre-selected wavelength and to direct same at one or more selected locations of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier so as to change the adhesion force between a portion of the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). | The invention relates to a process and apparatus for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate and a carrier at specific locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier, the process comprising the steps of:1. A process for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate, comprising a plurality of electronic components (integrated circuits (ICs)) each comprising a respective group of terminals, and a carrier at specific locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent transfer of the flexible substrate, comprising a plurality of electronic components, directly from the carrier onto a respective first portion comprising a respective group of contact pads (contacts), the process comprising the steps of:
providing a flexible substrate comprising a plurality of integrated circuits thereon; providing a carrier for the flexible substrate, the flexible substrate being adhered to the carrier creating an interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier; changing the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at one or more selected locations by non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) so as to decrease or increase the adhesion force between a portion of the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). 2-57. (canceled) 58. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s), or wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). 59. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s) and the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the remaining areas (i.e. the untreated areas making up the area other than the selected location(s)) is sufficient to retain contact between the substrate and the carrier during storage and handling and to allow removal of the flexible substrate directly from the carrier during an IC transfer process. 60. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s) and the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the selected location(s) is sufficient to retain contact between the substrate and the carrier during storage and handling and to allow removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier during an IC transfer process, optionally, wherein following the step of non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier so as to increase the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s), the method further comprises a subsequent step of uniformly treating the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) so as to decrease the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in all remaining areas except the selected location(s). 61. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment increases the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one part of the flexible substrate comprising an IC and reduces the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one further part of the flexible substrate comprising the same IC, or wherein the non-uniform treatment of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) increases adhesion between the flexible substrate and the carrier in a plurality of parts of the flexible substrate wherein each part comprises an IC and reduces adhesion between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least one further portion of the same plurality of parts of the flexible substrate, wherein each part comprises the same IC. 62. A process according to claim 1, wherein the interface comprises an interlayer. 63. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer comprises one or more of: an epoxy adhesive; titanium metal; an adhesive, optionally, wherein the adhesive is one or more of an engineering adhesive which adsorbs electromagnetic radiation at a particular wavelength or a thermally activated adhesive; and a primer layer, optionally, wherein the primer layer comprises an adhesion promoter, further optionally, wherein the adhesion promoter is a silane-based material. 64. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer is patterned, optionally, wherein the interlayer provides a portion, portions or the whole of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier. 65. A process according to claim 62, wherein the interlayer forms one or more of: the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier in at least the selected areas; the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier along one or more edges of the, or each, IC; the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier in the area of the flexible substrate including the, or each, IC and excluding one or more edges of the, or each, IC. 66. A process according to claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate is formed of a plurality of die, each comprising an IC, optionally, wherein flexible substrate is cut (e.g. by laser ablation) into a plurality of die each comprising an IC. 67. A process according to claim 1, wherein the one or more selected locations comprise a portion but not all of each die of the flexible substrate. 68. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform treatment of the flexible substrate with an electromagnetic radiation source (e.g. a laser, flashlamp, high powered LED, an infrared radiation source, an ultraviolet radiation source or the like) comprises avoiding the selected areas, or reducing the power of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source in the selected areas, or scanning the electromagnetic radiation across the flexible substrate in a non-step wise manner, thus changing the adhesion profile spatially between the flexible substrate and the carrier, optionally, wherein the change in adhesion force is a perforated pattern of consecutive ablation and non- or partial-ablation of the flexible substrate between each die, further optionally, wherein the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is changed to control ablation of the substrate material and/or the interlayer (if present) at the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier. 69. A process according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of ICs are arranged as a regular array on the carrier, with a repetition interval of a distance D1 in a first direction, optionally, wherein the non-uniform treatment changes the adhesion force between groups of ICs and the carrier with a treatment repetition interval (distance, period) of n×D1 in the corresponding first direction. 70. A process according to claim 1, wherein the selected locations are one or more of: one or more edge(s) of a, or each die, the corners of a, or each die (when the die is polygonal), and a leading and/or trailing edge of a, or each die. 71. An apparatus for selectively changing adhesion strength between a flexible substrate and a carrier at one or more selected locations in order to facilitate shipping and subsequent removal of the flexible substrate from the carrier, the apparatus comprising:
a carriage configured to support an assembly comprising a flexible substrate adhered to a carrier and having an interface therebetween, the flexible substrate comprising a plurality of integrated circuits thereon, an electromagnetic radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation of a pre-selected wavelength and to direct same at one or more selected locations of the interface between the flexible substrate and the carrier so as to change the adhesion force between a portion of the flexible substrate and the carrier at the selected location(s). | 3,600 |
338,651 | 16,641,711 | 3,616 | The present disclosure provides a filter structure, a filter layer and a display panel. The filter structure includes a first transflective layer, a second transflective layer and a transparent film between the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer. The filter structure is configured to make light of a specific wavelength range in incident light incident from the first transflective layer into the filter structure be emergent from the second transflective layer by adjusting at least one of a thickness and the refractive index of the transparent film, a thickness and the refractive index of the first transflective layer, and a thickness and the refractive index of the second transflective layer, and make a transmittance of the light of the specific wavelength range be not less than 90%, by adjusting at least one of the thickness, the refractive index, and an extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer. | 1. A filter structure, comprising:
a first transflective layer; a second transflective layer, opposite to the first transflective layer, a refractive index of the second transflective layer being substantially the same as a refractive index of the first transflective layer; and a transparent film, located between the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, and in contact with surfaces of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, a refractive index of the transparent film being smaller than that of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, wherein the filter structure is configured to make light of a specific wavelength range in incident light that is incident from the first transflective layer into the filter structure be emergent from the second transflective layer by adjusting at least one of a thickness and the refractive index of the transparent film, a thickness and the refractive index of the first transflective layer, and a thickness and the refractive index of the second transflective layer, and make a transmittance of the light of the specific wavelength range be not less than 90%, by adjusting at least one of the thickness, the refractive index, and an extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer. 2. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein an optical thickness of the transparent film and a central wavelength of the light of the specific wavelength range satisfy a formula below:
λ=2nh/m,m=k+(φ1+φ2)/2π,k=0,1,2 . . . ,
where, n is the refractive index of the transparent film; h is the thickness of the transparent film, k is an interference order; φ1 and φ2 are respectively reflection phases of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer; and λ is the central wavelength of the light of the specific wavelength range. 3. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the first transflective layer and the refractive index of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 3.5 to 4.5. 4. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer and the thickness of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 200 angstroms to 400 angstroms. 5. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein an extinction coefficient of the first transflective layer and the extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer are not greater than 0.1. 6. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the transparent film is 1.3 to 2.0. 7. The filter structure according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the transparent film is in a range of 1600 angstroms to 2800 angstroms. 8. The filter structure according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer is equal to the thickness of the second transflective layer. 9. The filter structure according to claim 3, wherein a material of the first transflective layer is the same as a material of the second transflective layer. 10. The filter structure according to claim 9, wherein the material of the first transflective layer and the material of the second transflective layer comprise metal or silicon; or the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer both comprise multiple transparent dielectric films, the multiple transparent dielectric films comprise first optical films and second optical films which have a count of N and are alternately arranged, where, N is an even number; and a refractive index of each of the first optical films is larger than a refractive index of each of the second optical films. 11. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the light of the specific wavelength range is monochromatic light, and the monochromatic light is one of red light, green light, blue light, cyan light, yellow light and magenta light. 12. A filter layer, comprising a plurality of filter structures arranged in an array, each of the filter structures being the filter structure according to claim 1,
wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of filter structures is parallel to a plane where the transparent film is located. 13. A display panel, comprising the filter layer according to claim 12. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the filter layer is configured to exit light of specific wavelength ranges of different colors, and the plurality of filter structures included in the filter layer and a plurality of sub-pixels included in the display panel are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the display panel comprises a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, a cyan sub-pixel, a yellow sub-pixel and a magenta sub-pixel, and the filter layer is configured to exit red light, green light, blue light, cyan light, yellow light and magenta light. 16. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the display panel comprises a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel, and the filter layer is configured to exit red light, green light and blue light. 17. The filter structure according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer and the thickness of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 200 angstroms to 400 angstroms. 18. The filter structure according to claim 17, wherein an extinction coefficient of the first transflective layer and the extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer are not greater than 0.1. 19. The filter structure according to claim 18, wherein the refractive index of the transparent film is 1.3 to 2.0. 20. The filter structure according to claim 19, wherein the thickness of the transparent film is in a range of 1600 angstroms to 2800 angstroms. | The present disclosure provides a filter structure, a filter layer and a display panel. The filter structure includes a first transflective layer, a second transflective layer and a transparent film between the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer. The filter structure is configured to make light of a specific wavelength range in incident light incident from the first transflective layer into the filter structure be emergent from the second transflective layer by adjusting at least one of a thickness and the refractive index of the transparent film, a thickness and the refractive index of the first transflective layer, and a thickness and the refractive index of the second transflective layer, and make a transmittance of the light of the specific wavelength range be not less than 90%, by adjusting at least one of the thickness, the refractive index, and an extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer.1. A filter structure, comprising:
a first transflective layer; a second transflective layer, opposite to the first transflective layer, a refractive index of the second transflective layer being substantially the same as a refractive index of the first transflective layer; and a transparent film, located between the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, and in contact with surfaces of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, a refractive index of the transparent film being smaller than that of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer, wherein the filter structure is configured to make light of a specific wavelength range in incident light that is incident from the first transflective layer into the filter structure be emergent from the second transflective layer by adjusting at least one of a thickness and the refractive index of the transparent film, a thickness and the refractive index of the first transflective layer, and a thickness and the refractive index of the second transflective layer, and make a transmittance of the light of the specific wavelength range be not less than 90%, by adjusting at least one of the thickness, the refractive index, and an extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer. 2. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein an optical thickness of the transparent film and a central wavelength of the light of the specific wavelength range satisfy a formula below:
λ=2nh/m,m=k+(φ1+φ2)/2π,k=0,1,2 . . . ,
where, n is the refractive index of the transparent film; h is the thickness of the transparent film, k is an interference order; φ1 and φ2 are respectively reflection phases of the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer; and λ is the central wavelength of the light of the specific wavelength range. 3. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the first transflective layer and the refractive index of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 3.5 to 4.5. 4. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer and the thickness of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 200 angstroms to 400 angstroms. 5. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein an extinction coefficient of the first transflective layer and the extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer are not greater than 0.1. 6. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the transparent film is 1.3 to 2.0. 7. The filter structure according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the transparent film is in a range of 1600 angstroms to 2800 angstroms. 8. The filter structure according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer is equal to the thickness of the second transflective layer. 9. The filter structure according to claim 3, wherein a material of the first transflective layer is the same as a material of the second transflective layer. 10. The filter structure according to claim 9, wherein the material of the first transflective layer and the material of the second transflective layer comprise metal or silicon; or the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer both comprise multiple transparent dielectric films, the multiple transparent dielectric films comprise first optical films and second optical films which have a count of N and are alternately arranged, where, N is an even number; and a refractive index of each of the first optical films is larger than a refractive index of each of the second optical films. 11. The filter structure according to claim 1, wherein the light of the specific wavelength range is monochromatic light, and the monochromatic light is one of red light, green light, blue light, cyan light, yellow light and magenta light. 12. A filter layer, comprising a plurality of filter structures arranged in an array, each of the filter structures being the filter structure according to claim 1,
wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of filter structures is parallel to a plane where the transparent film is located. 13. A display panel, comprising the filter layer according to claim 12. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the filter layer is configured to exit light of specific wavelength ranges of different colors, and the plurality of filter structures included in the filter layer and a plurality of sub-pixels included in the display panel are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the display panel comprises a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, a cyan sub-pixel, a yellow sub-pixel and a magenta sub-pixel, and the filter layer is configured to exit red light, green light, blue light, cyan light, yellow light and magenta light. 16. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the display panel comprises a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel, and the filter layer is configured to exit red light, green light and blue light. 17. The filter structure according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first transflective layer and the thickness of the second transflective layer are in a range of about 200 angstroms to 400 angstroms. 18. The filter structure according to claim 17, wherein an extinction coefficient of the first transflective layer and the extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer are not greater than 0.1. 19. The filter structure according to claim 18, wherein the refractive index of the transparent film is 1.3 to 2.0. 20. The filter structure according to claim 19, wherein the thickness of the transparent film is in a range of 1600 angstroms to 2800 angstroms. | 3,600 |
338,652 | 16,641,699 | 3,616 | The invention sets out a method where a critical loading related to jitter associated with a link between the access point and a client device is determined. This critical load is the load beyond which retransmissions are insufficient for the client device to repair the video stream. The critical load is determined by sending data at varying transmission rates during a calibration mode, and measuring the jitter and packet loss rate. A safe load is then set as a fraction of this critical load. The loading associated with a multicast stream is then monitored with reference to this safe load, and if the safe load is met or exceeded, then action is taken to avoid packet loss increasing to a critical level. One action may be to adjust the transmission rate of the multicast stream for example, such that the load is reduced to below the safe load level. | 1. A method of operating an access point for streaming a media sequence in a wireless network, said method comprising:
transmitting data packets of a test sequence at a plurality of transmission rates from an access point to a first client device over a wireless network connection; determining, for each of the transmission rates, the jitter of the data packets received at the first client device and a packet loss rate at the first client device; determining the transmission rate at which the packet loss rate exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is a limit for packet loss experienced by the test sequence transmitted from the access point to the first client device, beyond which packet retransmissions are insufficient to repair the test sequence before playout; identifying a critical jitter level as the jitter associated with the identified transmission rate; setting a safe jitter level as a fraction of the critical jitter level; and transmitting the media sequence from the access point to the first client device, wherein the transmission rate of the media sequence is adjusted such that the associated jitter does not exceed the safe jitter level. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting data packets from the access point to a second client device, and adjusting the transmission rate of the data packets from the access point to the second client device if the jitter associated with the first client device exceeds the safe jitter level. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting data packets from the access point to a second client device, and adjusting the transmission rate of the media sequence from the access point to the first client device if the jitter associated with the first client device exceeds the safe jitter level. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second client has an associated safe jitter level. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jitter is an average jitter over a period of time. 6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the media sequence is a multicast media stream. 7. An access point configured to:
transmit data packets of a test sequence at a plurality of transmission rates to a first client device over a wireless network connection, and to: determine, for each of the transmission rates, the jitter of the data packets received at the first client device and a packet loss rate at the first client device; determine the transmission rate at which the packet loss rate exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is a limit for packet loss experienced by the test sequence transmitted from the access point to the first client device, beyond which packet retransmissions are insufficient to repair the test sequence before playout; identify a critical jitter level as the jitter associated with the identified transmission rate; set a safe jitter level as a fraction of the critical jitter level; and transmit the media sequence from the access point to the first client device, wherein the transmission rate of the media sequence is adjusted such that the associated jitter does not exceed the safe jitter level. | The invention sets out a method where a critical loading related to jitter associated with a link between the access point and a client device is determined. This critical load is the load beyond which retransmissions are insufficient for the client device to repair the video stream. The critical load is determined by sending data at varying transmission rates during a calibration mode, and measuring the jitter and packet loss rate. A safe load is then set as a fraction of this critical load. The loading associated with a multicast stream is then monitored with reference to this safe load, and if the safe load is met or exceeded, then action is taken to avoid packet loss increasing to a critical level. One action may be to adjust the transmission rate of the multicast stream for example, such that the load is reduced to below the safe load level.1. A method of operating an access point for streaming a media sequence in a wireless network, said method comprising:
transmitting data packets of a test sequence at a plurality of transmission rates from an access point to a first client device over a wireless network connection; determining, for each of the transmission rates, the jitter of the data packets received at the first client device and a packet loss rate at the first client device; determining the transmission rate at which the packet loss rate exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is a limit for packet loss experienced by the test sequence transmitted from the access point to the first client device, beyond which packet retransmissions are insufficient to repair the test sequence before playout; identifying a critical jitter level as the jitter associated with the identified transmission rate; setting a safe jitter level as a fraction of the critical jitter level; and transmitting the media sequence from the access point to the first client device, wherein the transmission rate of the media sequence is adjusted such that the associated jitter does not exceed the safe jitter level. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting data packets from the access point to a second client device, and adjusting the transmission rate of the data packets from the access point to the second client device if the jitter associated with the first client device exceeds the safe jitter level. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting data packets from the access point to a second client device, and adjusting the transmission rate of the media sequence from the access point to the first client device if the jitter associated with the first client device exceeds the safe jitter level. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second client has an associated safe jitter level. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jitter is an average jitter over a period of time. 6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the media sequence is a multicast media stream. 7. An access point configured to:
transmit data packets of a test sequence at a plurality of transmission rates to a first client device over a wireless network connection, and to: determine, for each of the transmission rates, the jitter of the data packets received at the first client device and a packet loss rate at the first client device; determine the transmission rate at which the packet loss rate exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is a limit for packet loss experienced by the test sequence transmitted from the access point to the first client device, beyond which packet retransmissions are insufficient to repair the test sequence before playout; identify a critical jitter level as the jitter associated with the identified transmission rate; set a safe jitter level as a fraction of the critical jitter level; and transmit the media sequence from the access point to the first client device, wherein the transmission rate of the media sequence is adjusted such that the associated jitter does not exceed the safe jitter level. | 3,600 |
338,653 | 16,641,688 | 3,616 | A system and method of combusting aluminium comprising i) feeding aluminium wire to a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising a. a first low-temperature section in communication with b. a second high-temperature section ii) forming aluminium particles with an average particle size ranging from 1 μιη to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire in said first section iii) feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section to provide an oxidizer for oxidizing said aluminium particles in the second section iv) conveying aluminium particles from the first section to the second section v) oxidizing said aluminium particles in the presence of steam in said second section. | 1. Method of combusting aluminium characterized in that the method comprises
i) feeding aluminium wire to a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising
a. a first low-temperature section in communication with
b. a second high-temperature section
ii) forming aluminium particles with an average particle size ranging from 1 μιη to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire in said first section iii) feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section to provide an oxidizer for oxidizing said aluminium particles in the second section iv) conveying aluminium particles from the first section to the second section v) oxidizing said aluminium particles in the presence of steam in said second section. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium wire has a cross sectional area ranging from 0.1 to 50 mm2. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein aluminium particles are formed by means of
a) milling b) ultrasonic radiation c) intermixing steam and aluminium in a convergent-divergent nozzle; or d) rotary disc. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the formed aluminium particles range from 10 to 70 μιη. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium wire is fed to said first section at a speed ranging from 1 to 300 g/second. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first low-temperature section ranges from 300 to 1000° C. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first low-temperature section ranges from 300 to 700° C. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the second high-temperature section is preheated to a temperature ranging from 1600 to 3500° C. before oxidation of aluminium particles is initiated. 9. Method according to claim 1, wherein a plasma arc controls the temperature in the furnace. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein water and/or steam is fed to the furnace at a temperature ranging from 250 to 1100° C. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the furnace ranges from 0.1 to 30 MPa. 12. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the furnace ranges from 1 to 3 MPa. 13. Method according to claim 9, wherein a plasma arc is switched off if the temperature is maintained within a predetermined range. 14. Method according to claim 1, wherein the furnace is equipped with cooling means to maintain the oxidation temperature within a predetermined temperature range. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the retention time of aluminium in the furnace before oxidation ranges from 0.1 to 10 ms. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein a heating barrier is provided between the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section of the furnace. 17. System for oxidizing aluminium characterized in that it comprises a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising
i) a first low-temperature section adapted for maintaining a temperature ranging from 300 to 1000° C. in communication with ii) a second high-temperature section adapted for oxidizing aluminium at a temperature ranging from 1300 to 3500° C. iii) means for feeding aluminium wire to said first section at a controlled speed iv) inlet for receiving aluminium wire to said first section v) means for forming aluminium particles ranging from 1 to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire (11) in said first section vi) means for feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section of the furnace vii) inlet for receiving water and/or steam to the furnace viii) means for oxidizing the aluminium particles in the presence of steam in the high-temperature section of the furnace to provide aluminium oxide. 18. System according to claim 17 comprising means for transferring energy formed in said system to an underwater vehicle. 19. System according to claim 17 comprising a heating barrier controlling heat and mass transfer between the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section. 20. Use of energy obtained from the system according to claim 17 in a Stirling engine, steam engine, or a gas engine. | A system and method of combusting aluminium comprising i) feeding aluminium wire to a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising a. a first low-temperature section in communication with b. a second high-temperature section ii) forming aluminium particles with an average particle size ranging from 1 μιη to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire in said first section iii) feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section to provide an oxidizer for oxidizing said aluminium particles in the second section iv) conveying aluminium particles from the first section to the second section v) oxidizing said aluminium particles in the presence of steam in said second section.1. Method of combusting aluminium characterized in that the method comprises
i) feeding aluminium wire to a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising
a. a first low-temperature section in communication with
b. a second high-temperature section
ii) forming aluminium particles with an average particle size ranging from 1 μιη to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire in said first section iii) feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section to provide an oxidizer for oxidizing said aluminium particles in the second section iv) conveying aluminium particles from the first section to the second section v) oxidizing said aluminium particles in the presence of steam in said second section. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium wire has a cross sectional area ranging from 0.1 to 50 mm2. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein aluminium particles are formed by means of
a) milling b) ultrasonic radiation c) intermixing steam and aluminium in a convergent-divergent nozzle; or d) rotary disc. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the formed aluminium particles range from 10 to 70 μιη. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium wire is fed to said first section at a speed ranging from 1 to 300 g/second. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first low-temperature section ranges from 300 to 1000° C. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the first low-temperature section ranges from 300 to 700° C. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the second high-temperature section is preheated to a temperature ranging from 1600 to 3500° C. before oxidation of aluminium particles is initiated. 9. Method according to claim 1, wherein a plasma arc controls the temperature in the furnace. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein water and/or steam is fed to the furnace at a temperature ranging from 250 to 1100° C. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the furnace ranges from 0.1 to 30 MPa. 12. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the furnace ranges from 1 to 3 MPa. 13. Method according to claim 9, wherein a plasma arc is switched off if the temperature is maintained within a predetermined range. 14. Method according to claim 1, wherein the furnace is equipped with cooling means to maintain the oxidation temperature within a predetermined temperature range. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the retention time of aluminium in the furnace before oxidation ranges from 0.1 to 10 ms. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein a heating barrier is provided between the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section of the furnace. 17. System for oxidizing aluminium characterized in that it comprises a substantially oxygen-free furnace comprising
i) a first low-temperature section adapted for maintaining a temperature ranging from 300 to 1000° C. in communication with ii) a second high-temperature section adapted for oxidizing aluminium at a temperature ranging from 1300 to 3500° C. iii) means for feeding aluminium wire to said first section at a controlled speed iv) inlet for receiving aluminium wire to said first section v) means for forming aluminium particles ranging from 1 to 200 μιη from said aluminium wire (11) in said first section vi) means for feeding water and/or steam to said first and/or second section of the furnace vii) inlet for receiving water and/or steam to the furnace viii) means for oxidizing the aluminium particles in the presence of steam in the high-temperature section of the furnace to provide aluminium oxide. 18. System according to claim 17 comprising means for transferring energy formed in said system to an underwater vehicle. 19. System according to claim 17 comprising a heating barrier controlling heat and mass transfer between the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section. 20. Use of energy obtained from the system according to claim 17 in a Stirling engine, steam engine, or a gas engine. | 3,600 |
338,654 | 16,641,702 | 3,616 | An embodiment of the present invention relates to a flow generating device comprising: a main body comprising a first suction part and a second suction part disposed at sides opposite to each other, a first inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the first suction part passes, a second inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the second suction part passes, and at least one outer discharge part through which air passing through the first inner discharge part and air passing through the second inner discharge part are discharged to the outside; a first fan disposed between the first suction part and the first inner discharge part; and a second fan disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part. | 1. A flow generating device comprising:
a main body comprising a first suction part and a second suction part disposed at sides opposite to each other, a first inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the first suction part passes, a second inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the second suction part passes, and at least one outer discharge part through which air passing through the first inner discharge part and air passing through the second inner discharge part are discharged to the outside; a first fan disposed between the first suction part and the first inner discharge part; and a second fan disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part. 2. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the outer discharge part is opened in the main body in a radial direction. 3. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein an opening direction of the outer discharge part intersects with each of an opening direction of the first suction part and an opening direction of the second suction part. 4. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the outer discharge part is opened in the main body in a horizontal direction. 5. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the outer discharge part is smaller than the sum of a size of the first suction part and a size of the second suction part. 6. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises:
a first fan housing in which the first inner discharge part is formed; a second fan housing in which the second inner discharge part is formed; and a connector coupling the first fan housing and the second fan housing such that a discharge passage is formed between the first fan housing and the second fan housing. 7. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the outer discharge part communicates with the discharge passage. 8. The flow generating device according to claim 5, the connector is coupled to the first fan housing and the second fan housing such that the first fan housing and the second fan housing are disposed in parallel. 9. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the main body further comprises an outer discharge body which surrounds at least a portion of an outer circumference of the connector and in which the outer discharge part is formed. 10. The flow generating device according to claim 9, wherein the main body comprises:
a first cover in which the first suction part is formed; and a second cover in which the second suction part is formed, wherein the outer discharge body is disposed between the first cover and the second cover. 11. The flow generating device according to claim 9, wherein the outer discharge body defines an inner curved surface guiding the air passing through the first inner discharge part and the air passing through the second inner discharge part toward the outer discharge part. 12. The flow generating device according to claim 11, wherein the inner curved surface contacts the outer circumference of the connector. 13. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the connector comprises:
a first air guide defining a first discharge passage through which the air passing through the first inner discharge part passes; and a second air guide defining a second discharge passage through which the air passing through the second inner discharge part passes, wherein the outer discharge part communicates with each of the first discharge passage and the second discharge passage. 14. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the connector comprises:
a first air guide defining a first discharge passage through which the air passing through the first inner discharge part passes; and a second air guide defining a second discharge passage through which the air passing through the second inner discharge part passes, wherein the outer discharge part comprises: a first outer discharge part communicating with the first discharge passage; and a second outer discharge part communicating with the second discharge passage. 15. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the flow generating device comprises:
a first air treating unit disposed between the first suction part and the second inner discharge part; and a second air treating unit disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part, one of the first air treating unit and the second air treating unit is one of a temperature regulator, a cleanliness regulator, and a humidity regulator, and the other of the first air treating unit and the second air treating unit is the other of the temperature regulator, the cleanliness regulator, and the humidity regulator. 16. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal width of the main body is reduced from a central portion toward upper and lower portions. 17. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the main body further comprises:
an upper cover surrounding an outer circumference of the first fan; an inlet cover disposed above the upper cover and defining an upper suction hole; and a top cover disposed above the inlet cover and shielding the upper suction hole. 18. The flow generating device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a base; and a leg provided below the main body and extending downward from the main body to be coupled to the base, wherein the second suction part faces the base in a vertical direction. 19. The flow generating device according to claim 18, wherein the leg comprises:
a leg main body coupled to the base and extending upward; and at least one leg extension part extending upward from the leg main body, wherein at least a portion of the at least one leg extension part is disposed below the second suction part. 20. The flow generating device according to claim 19, wherein the at least one leg extension part comprises:
a first leg extension part extending from the leg main body in one direction; and a second leg extension part extending from the leg main body in another direction different from the direction of the first leg extension part, wherein a gap is formed between the first leg extension part and the second leg extension part. | An embodiment of the present invention relates to a flow generating device comprising: a main body comprising a first suction part and a second suction part disposed at sides opposite to each other, a first inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the first suction part passes, a second inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the second suction part passes, and at least one outer discharge part through which air passing through the first inner discharge part and air passing through the second inner discharge part are discharged to the outside; a first fan disposed between the first suction part and the first inner discharge part; and a second fan disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part.1. A flow generating device comprising:
a main body comprising a first suction part and a second suction part disposed at sides opposite to each other, a first inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the first suction part passes, a second inner discharge part through which air suctioned into the second suction part passes, and at least one outer discharge part through which air passing through the first inner discharge part and air passing through the second inner discharge part are discharged to the outside; a first fan disposed between the first suction part and the first inner discharge part; and a second fan disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part. 2. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the outer discharge part is opened in the main body in a radial direction. 3. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein an opening direction of the outer discharge part intersects with each of an opening direction of the first suction part and an opening direction of the second suction part. 4. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the outer discharge part is opened in the main body in a horizontal direction. 5. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the outer discharge part is smaller than the sum of a size of the first suction part and a size of the second suction part. 6. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises:
a first fan housing in which the first inner discharge part is formed; a second fan housing in which the second inner discharge part is formed; and a connector coupling the first fan housing and the second fan housing such that a discharge passage is formed between the first fan housing and the second fan housing. 7. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the outer discharge part communicates with the discharge passage. 8. The flow generating device according to claim 5, the connector is coupled to the first fan housing and the second fan housing such that the first fan housing and the second fan housing are disposed in parallel. 9. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the main body further comprises an outer discharge body which surrounds at least a portion of an outer circumference of the connector and in which the outer discharge part is formed. 10. The flow generating device according to claim 9, wherein the main body comprises:
a first cover in which the first suction part is formed; and a second cover in which the second suction part is formed, wherein the outer discharge body is disposed between the first cover and the second cover. 11. The flow generating device according to claim 9, wherein the outer discharge body defines an inner curved surface guiding the air passing through the first inner discharge part and the air passing through the second inner discharge part toward the outer discharge part. 12. The flow generating device according to claim 11, wherein the inner curved surface contacts the outer circumference of the connector. 13. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the connector comprises:
a first air guide defining a first discharge passage through which the air passing through the first inner discharge part passes; and a second air guide defining a second discharge passage through which the air passing through the second inner discharge part passes, wherein the outer discharge part communicates with each of the first discharge passage and the second discharge passage. 14. The flow generating device according to claim 6, wherein the connector comprises:
a first air guide defining a first discharge passage through which the air passing through the first inner discharge part passes; and a second air guide defining a second discharge passage through which the air passing through the second inner discharge part passes, wherein the outer discharge part comprises: a first outer discharge part communicating with the first discharge passage; and a second outer discharge part communicating with the second discharge passage. 15. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the flow generating device comprises:
a first air treating unit disposed between the first suction part and the second inner discharge part; and a second air treating unit disposed between the second suction part and the second inner discharge part, one of the first air treating unit and the second air treating unit is one of a temperature regulator, a cleanliness regulator, and a humidity regulator, and the other of the first air treating unit and the second air treating unit is the other of the temperature regulator, the cleanliness regulator, and the humidity regulator. 16. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal width of the main body is reduced from a central portion toward upper and lower portions. 17. The flow generating device according to claim 1, wherein the main body further comprises:
an upper cover surrounding an outer circumference of the first fan; an inlet cover disposed above the upper cover and defining an upper suction hole; and a top cover disposed above the inlet cover and shielding the upper suction hole. 18. The flow generating device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a base; and a leg provided below the main body and extending downward from the main body to be coupled to the base, wherein the second suction part faces the base in a vertical direction. 19. The flow generating device according to claim 18, wherein the leg comprises:
a leg main body coupled to the base and extending upward; and at least one leg extension part extending upward from the leg main body, wherein at least a portion of the at least one leg extension part is disposed below the second suction part. 20. The flow generating device according to claim 19, wherein the at least one leg extension part comprises:
a first leg extension part extending from the leg main body in one direction; and a second leg extension part extending from the leg main body in another direction different from the direction of the first leg extension part, wherein a gap is formed between the first leg extension part and the second leg extension part. | 3,600 |
338,655 | 16,641,697 | 3,616 | The present invention provides a process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase, the process comprising injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. | 1. A process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase, the process comprising:
(a) injecting a quenching liquid in the quenching zone by passing the quenching liquid through spray nozzles for the quenching liquid arranged at the entrance to the quenching zone, thereby partially condensing the gaseous reaction mixture; and (b) injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing zone has a height in the range of 1.5 centimeters to 5 meters. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles through which the deposit preventing liquid is passed are arranged at equal distances along the circumference of the entrance of the deposit preventing zone. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles through which the quenching liquid is passed are arranged at equal distances along the circumference of the entrance of the quenching zone. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, but not (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone, but not (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing liquid is a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing liquid is a solution of the product diisocyanate dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene, wherein the solvent or mixture of solvents represents 40% to 99% by mass, based on the total mass of the solution. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the deposit preventing liquid is −20° C. to 200° C. 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the quenching liquid is a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising consisting of toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene. 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the quenching liquid is a solution of the product diisocyanate dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene, wherein the solvent or mixture of different solvents represents 10% to 99% by mass, based on the total mass of the solution. 13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is −20° C. to 200° C. 14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process for quenching the gaseous reaction mixture is part of a process for preparing a diisocyanate by phosgenation of a diamine comprising:
providing a gaseous stream comprising the diamine and a gaseous stream comprising phosgene, and mixing the gaseous stream comprising the diamine and the gaseous stream comprising phosgene, and guiding the mixed gaseous streams through the reaction zone, thereby forming the gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the diisocyanate is isolated from the condensed reaction mixture leaving the quenching zone by distillation. | The present invention provides a process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase, the process comprising injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone.1. A process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase, the process comprising:
(a) injecting a quenching liquid in the quenching zone by passing the quenching liquid through spray nozzles for the quenching liquid arranged at the entrance to the quenching zone, thereby partially condensing the gaseous reaction mixture; and (b) injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing zone has a height in the range of 1.5 centimeters to 5 meters. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles through which the deposit preventing liquid is passed are arranged at equal distances along the circumference of the entrance of the deposit preventing zone. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles through which the quenching liquid is passed are arranged at equal distances along the circumference of the entrance of the quenching zone. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, but not (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone, but not (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing liquid is a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the deposit preventing liquid is a solution of the product diisocyanate dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene, wherein the solvent or mixture of solvents represents 40% to 99% by mass, based on the total mass of the solution. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the deposit preventing liquid is −20° C. to 200° C. 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the quenching liquid is a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising consisting of toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene. 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the quenching liquid is a solution of the product diisocyanate dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of different solvents comprising toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorobenzene, xylene or chloronaphthalene, wherein the solvent or mixture of different solvents represents 10% to 99% by mass, based on the total mass of the solution. 13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is −20° C. to 200° C. 14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process for quenching the gaseous reaction mixture is part of a process for preparing a diisocyanate by phosgenation of a diamine comprising:
providing a gaseous stream comprising the diamine and a gaseous stream comprising phosgene, and mixing the gaseous stream comprising the diamine and the gaseous stream comprising phosgene, and guiding the mixed gaseous streams through the reaction zone, thereby forming the gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the diisocyanate is isolated from the condensed reaction mixture leaving the quenching zone by distillation. | 3,600 |
338,656 | 16,641,691 | 3,616 | An apparatus includes an electrical connector. The electrical connector is configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line. The electrical connector includes a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. The first electrical conductor is disposed around a center axis. The first electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. The second electrical conductor is disposed around the center axis and around the first electrical conductor. The second electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. Faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along the center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a second plane. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
an electrical connector configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line, the electrical connector comprising: an inner electrical conductor; an outer electrical conductor; and a dielectric region between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor, the dielectric region and the outer electrical conductor being disposed concentrically around the inner electrical conductor, wherein faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along a center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the outer electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the outer electrical conductor in a second plane; and an enclosure which encloses the signal transmission line, and which electrically isolates radio frequency (RF) signals from the other signal transmission line, 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in an opening through the enclosure. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an outer enclosure; and an electrically thin resistive layer disposed between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor. 4. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the electrically thin resistive layer comprises a pattern of non-adjacent sections substantially formed in a plurality of different planes and perpendicular to electrical field components of an intended mode. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional profile of the electrical connector is a rectangle or a square. 6. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein a cross-sectional profile of the electrical connector is an ellipse or a circle. 7. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the faces on the opposing ends of the electrical connector comprise metal. 8. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in place by a fixture fixed to an enclosure. 9. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to physically pass through an opening in a radio frequency enclosure. 10. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in place in the opening in the radio frequency enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein one of the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line comprises a coaxial cable, and the other of the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line comprises a co-planar waveguide. 12. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector has a cross-sectional diameter greater than 1 millimeter (mm), and the electrical connector is configured to carry signals with frequencies above 110 gigahertz (GHz). 13. An enclosure that isolates radio frequency signals, comprising:
at least one wall with an opening provided therein and comprising an upper edge and a lower edge; a roof connected to an upper edge of the at least one wall; a floor connected to the lower edge of the at least one wall; and an electrical connector configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line inside the enclosure to another signal transmission line outside of the enclosure, the electrical connector comprising: an inner electrical conductor; an outer electrical conductor; and a dielectric region between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor, the dielectric region and the outer electrical conductor being disposed concentrically around the inner electrical conductor, wherein faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along a center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line inside the enclosure and the outer electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line outside of the enclosure and the outer electrical conductor in a second plane. 14. The enclosure of claim 13,
wherein the electrical connector is interchangeably fixed in place. 15. The enclosure of claim 13,
wherein the signal transmission line inside the enclosure comprises a multi-layer three-dimensional structure. 16. The enclosure of claim 13, further comprising:
a substrate above the floor; and circuitry on the substrate, wherein the signal transmission line inside the enclosure comprises a transition from the circuitry to the electrical connector. 17. The enclosure of claim 16,
wherein the circuitry comprises a co-planar waveguide. 18. The enclosure of claim 13, further comprising:
a clamp that clamps the electrical connector to the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line. | An apparatus includes an electrical connector. The electrical connector is configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line. The electrical connector includes a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. The first electrical conductor is disposed around a center axis. The first electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. The second electrical conductor is disposed around the center axis and around the first electrical conductor. The second electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. Faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along the center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a second plane.1. An apparatus, comprising:
an electrical connector configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line, the electrical connector comprising: an inner electrical conductor; an outer electrical conductor; and a dielectric region between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor, the dielectric region and the outer electrical conductor being disposed concentrically around the inner electrical conductor, wherein faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along a center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the outer electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the outer electrical conductor in a second plane; and an enclosure which encloses the signal transmission line, and which electrically isolates radio frequency (RF) signals from the other signal transmission line, 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in an opening through the enclosure. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an outer enclosure; and an electrically thin resistive layer disposed between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor. 4. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the electrically thin resistive layer comprises a pattern of non-adjacent sections substantially formed in a plurality of different planes and perpendicular to electrical field components of an intended mode. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional profile of the electrical connector is a rectangle or a square. 6. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein a cross-sectional profile of the electrical connector is an ellipse or a circle. 7. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the faces on the opposing ends of the electrical connector comprise metal. 8. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in place by a fixture fixed to an enclosure. 9. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to physically pass through an opening in a radio frequency enclosure. 10. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein the electrical connector is configured to be fixed in place in the opening in the radio frequency enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein one of the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line comprises a coaxial cable, and the other of the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line comprises a co-planar waveguide. 12. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the electrical connector has a cross-sectional diameter greater than 1 millimeter (mm), and the electrical connector is configured to carry signals with frequencies above 110 gigahertz (GHz). 13. An enclosure that isolates radio frequency signals, comprising:
at least one wall with an opening provided therein and comprising an upper edge and a lower edge; a roof connected to an upper edge of the at least one wall; a floor connected to the lower edge of the at least one wall; and an electrical connector configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line inside the enclosure to another signal transmission line outside of the enclosure, the electrical connector comprising: an inner electrical conductor; an outer electrical conductor; and a dielectric region between the inner electrical conductor and the outer electrical conductor, the dielectric region and the outer electrical conductor being disposed concentrically around the inner electrical conductor, wherein faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along a center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line inside the enclosure and the outer electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line outside of the enclosure and the outer electrical conductor in a second plane. 14. The enclosure of claim 13,
wherein the electrical connector is interchangeably fixed in place. 15. The enclosure of claim 13,
wherein the signal transmission line inside the enclosure comprises a multi-layer three-dimensional structure. 16. The enclosure of claim 13, further comprising:
a substrate above the floor; and circuitry on the substrate, wherein the signal transmission line inside the enclosure comprises a transition from the circuitry to the electrical connector. 17. The enclosure of claim 16,
wherein the circuitry comprises a co-planar waveguide. 18. The enclosure of claim 13, further comprising:
a clamp that clamps the electrical connector to the signal transmission line and the other signal transmission line. | 3,600 |
338,657 | 16,641,705 | 3,616 | A heat shield for shielding hot regions of a component is described. The component may be an exhaust manifold with a heat shield and also an internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold or heat shield. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A heat shield for shielding hot regions of a component, comprising:
at least one metallic shielding layer and a single-layer metallic sealing element, wherein the shielding layer and the sealing element in each case have at least one media throughflow opening, wherein the media throughflow openings are arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of throughflow, wherein the sealing element is arranged at least in portions on both sides along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and has at least one overlap portion which is arranged overlapping with the shielding layer at least in portions along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and has a sealing portion which is arranged in encircling manner within the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer at least in portions along the inner peripheral edge. 19. The heat shield according to the claim 18, wherein the sealing portion in each case forms a sealing line running along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and/or of the sealing element, which sealing lines are arranged on different sides of the layer plane (EA) of the shielding layer. 20. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing portion has a transition portion spaced apart from but adjacent to the overlap portion, which transition portion extends through the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer. 21. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing portion in cross-section in the direction pointing from the overlap portion to the passage has in succession an outer portion, a middle portion and an inner portion which merge into one another by way of two successive breaks directed in opposite directions, and in each case have a first, non-curved, straight portion. 22. The heat shield according to claim 21, wherein in the installed state of the heat shield the inner portion lies in surface-to-surface contact against a first adjacent component and the outer portion lies in surface-to-surface contact against a second adjacent component,
or 23. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least one sealing line formed by the sealing portion is arranged in completely encircling manner around the media throughflow opening. 24. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing element consists of a metal sheet with a tensile strength of at least 1000 N/mm2. 25. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the at least one shielding layer(s), including all of the at least one shielding layer(s), comprises a metal sheet with a tensile strength of less than 800 N/mm2. 26. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the media throughflow openings of the sealing element and of the at least one shielding layer are arranged coaxially or with centre lines running parallel to each other. 27. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the shielding layer has at least one fastening region for screw holes for fastening the heat shield to a component. 28. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the total of the thicknesses of the at least one shielding layer DA relative to the thickness of the sealing element DD is formed in such a way that 10≥DA/DD≥≥1.5, including 8≥DA/DD≥1.8, including 6≥DA/DD≥2. 29. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer and the sealing element in each case have a plurality of media throughflow openings, with in each case one media throughflow opening of the at least one shielding layer and one media throughflow opening of the sealing element being arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of throughflow. 30. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least for some of the media throughflow openings the axes through the media throughflow openings intersect a line which runs perpendicularly to the axes. 31. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer is undivided in its surface plane and the sealing element consists of a single element. 32. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer is undivided in its surface plane and the sealing element consists of a plurality of elements arranged next to one another in the face of the sealing element, each element having at least one media throughflow opening. | A heat shield for shielding hot regions of a component is described. The component may be an exhaust manifold with a heat shield and also an internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold or heat shield.1-17. (canceled) 18. A heat shield for shielding hot regions of a component, comprising:
at least one metallic shielding layer and a single-layer metallic sealing element, wherein the shielding layer and the sealing element in each case have at least one media throughflow opening, wherein the media throughflow openings are arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of throughflow, wherein the sealing element is arranged at least in portions on both sides along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and has at least one overlap portion which is arranged overlapping with the shielding layer at least in portions along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and has a sealing portion which is arranged in encircling manner within the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer at least in portions along the inner peripheral edge. 19. The heat shield according to the claim 18, wherein the sealing portion in each case forms a sealing line running along the inner peripheral edge of the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer and/or of the sealing element, which sealing lines are arranged on different sides of the layer plane (EA) of the shielding layer. 20. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing portion has a transition portion spaced apart from but adjacent to the overlap portion, which transition portion extends through the media throughflow opening of the shielding layer. 21. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing portion in cross-section in the direction pointing from the overlap portion to the passage has in succession an outer portion, a middle portion and an inner portion which merge into one another by way of two successive breaks directed in opposite directions, and in each case have a first, non-curved, straight portion. 22. The heat shield according to claim 21, wherein in the installed state of the heat shield the inner portion lies in surface-to-surface contact against a first adjacent component and the outer portion lies in surface-to-surface contact against a second adjacent component,
or 23. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least one sealing line formed by the sealing portion is arranged in completely encircling manner around the media throughflow opening. 24. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the sealing element consists of a metal sheet with a tensile strength of at least 1000 N/mm2. 25. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the at least one shielding layer(s), including all of the at least one shielding layer(s), comprises a metal sheet with a tensile strength of less than 800 N/mm2. 26. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the media throughflow openings of the sealing element and of the at least one shielding layer are arranged coaxially or with centre lines running parallel to each other. 27. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the shielding layer has at least one fastening region for screw holes for fastening the heat shield to a component. 28. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the total of the thicknesses of the at least one shielding layer DA relative to the thickness of the sealing element DD is formed in such a way that 10≥DA/DD≥≥1.5, including 8≥DA/DD≥1.8, including 6≥DA/DD≥2. 29. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer and the sealing element in each case have a plurality of media throughflow openings, with in each case one media throughflow opening of the at least one shielding layer and one media throughflow opening of the sealing element being arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of throughflow. 30. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein at least for some of the media throughflow openings the axes through the media throughflow openings intersect a line which runs perpendicularly to the axes. 31. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer is undivided in its surface plane and the sealing element consists of a single element. 32. The heat shield according to claim 18, wherein the at least one shielding layer is undivided in its surface plane and the sealing element consists of a plurality of elements arranged next to one another in the face of the sealing element, each element having at least one media throughflow opening. | 3,600 |
338,658 | 16,641,689 | 3,616 | A drill is a long drill that is provided with a discharge groove having a helix angle of 25 degrees, in which a groove length is 30D or more. Thinning processing is performed on a leading end portion of the drill and a gash portion that is connected to the discharge groove further to an inner side in the radial direction than an outer peripheral surface. A circular arc groove is formed in a section connecting a thinning face and a gash face, and a chip discharge performance is improved. When forming a deep hole, in a guide hole forming process, a guide hole with an inner diameter d of D+0.03 mm or less and with a depth W of 3D or more, is formed (S2 to S6). In an insertion process, the drill is rotated in a reverse direction and is inserted into the guide hole to a position just before a bottom portion of the guide hole (S11 to S13). In a deep hole forming process, the drill is rotated in a positive direction, cutting is performed from the bottom portion of the guide hole, and a deep hole is formed (S16 to S18). | 1. A deep hole machining method for forming a deep hole in a workpiece using a machine tool on which a drill is mounted, 2. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
a groove length L of the discharge groove is 30 D or more. 3. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
the inner diameter d of the guide hole is D+0.03 mm or less, and the depth W is 3D or more. 4. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
the drill includes a circular arc groove having a circular arc shaped cross section that is provided in a section that connects a thinning face, which is a rake face of the thinning edge and which connects the thinning edge and the discharge groove, with a gash face of the gash portion, and the helix angle of the discharge groove is 25 degrees. | A drill is a long drill that is provided with a discharge groove having a helix angle of 25 degrees, in which a groove length is 30D or more. Thinning processing is performed on a leading end portion of the drill and a gash portion that is connected to the discharge groove further to an inner side in the radial direction than an outer peripheral surface. A circular arc groove is formed in a section connecting a thinning face and a gash face, and a chip discharge performance is improved. When forming a deep hole, in a guide hole forming process, a guide hole with an inner diameter d of D+0.03 mm or less and with a depth W of 3D or more, is formed (S2 to S6). In an insertion process, the drill is rotated in a reverse direction and is inserted into the guide hole to a position just before a bottom portion of the guide hole (S11 to S13). In a deep hole forming process, the drill is rotated in a positive direction, cutting is performed from the bottom portion of the guide hole, and a deep hole is formed (S16 to S18).1. A deep hole machining method for forming a deep hole in a workpiece using a machine tool on which a drill is mounted, 2. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
a groove length L of the discharge groove is 30 D or more. 3. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
the inner diameter d of the guide hole is D+0.03 mm or less, and the depth W is 3D or more. 4. The deep hole machining method according to claim 1, wherein
the drill includes a circular arc groove having a circular arc shaped cross section that is provided in a section that connects a thinning face, which is a rake face of the thinning edge and which connects the thinning edge and the discharge groove, with a gash face of the gash portion, and the helix angle of the discharge groove is 25 degrees. | 3,600 |
338,659 | 16,641,683 | 3,616 | A hydraulic drive unit includes: a pump; a pair of supply-discharge lines; a valve block; a sealed tank; a suction line that leads hydraulic oil in the sealed tank to the pump; a connecting line that connects an air vent port of the pump to the suction line; and a gas-liquid separator that separates air and the hydraulic oil flowing through the connecting line from each other. The pump is disposed upward of the valve block and the sealed tank in a vertical direction. | 1. A hydraulic drive unit for driving a hydraulic actuator including a pair of supply-discharge ports, the hydraulic drive unit comprising:
a pump including a casing, a pair of pump ports, and an air vent port from which air in the casing is discharged to an outside of the casing together with hydraulic oil; a pair of supply-discharge lines that connects between the pair of pump ports and the pair of supply-discharge ports; a valve block that incorporates at least one valve therein, the at least one valve being provided on the pair of supply-discharge lines and/or oil passages connected to the pair of supply-discharge lines; a sealed tank that is connected to the pair of supply-discharge lines, the sealed tank storing the hydraulic oil; a suction line that leads the hydraulic oil in the sealed tank to the pump; a connecting line that connects the air vent port to the suction line; and a gas-liquid separator that separates air and the hydraulic oil flowing through the connecting line from each other, the gas-liquid separator supplying the separated hydraulic oil to the suction line while releasing the separated air from the connecting line, wherein the pump is disposed upward of the valve block and the sealed tank in a vertical direction. 2. The hydraulic drive unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a frame to which the pump and the valve block are mounted; and a tank support mechanism that supports a bottom portion of the sealed tank from below, wherein the sealed tank is disposed such that a hydraulic oil inlet/outlet of the sealed tank faces upward, and such that the sealed tank is mountable to and detachable from the frame without disassembling a framework of the frame, the tank support mechanism includes:
a fixing member fixed to the frame; and
a movable member that is movable in an upward and downward direction relative to the fixing member, and
an upper end portion of the movable member contacts the bottom portion of the sealed tank from below. 3. The hydraulic drive unit according to claim 2, wherein
the sealed tank is a pressure-sealed tank, the bottom portion of the sealed tank is provided with a gas pressure adjusting port for adjusting an internal gas pressure of the sealed tank, the upper end portion of the movable member includes a tubular member that surrounds the gas pressure adjusting port, the tubular member contacting the bottom portion of the sealed tank, and the tubular member is made of a material having a lower hardness than that of the sealed tank. | A hydraulic drive unit includes: a pump; a pair of supply-discharge lines; a valve block; a sealed tank; a suction line that leads hydraulic oil in the sealed tank to the pump; a connecting line that connects an air vent port of the pump to the suction line; and a gas-liquid separator that separates air and the hydraulic oil flowing through the connecting line from each other. The pump is disposed upward of the valve block and the sealed tank in a vertical direction.1. A hydraulic drive unit for driving a hydraulic actuator including a pair of supply-discharge ports, the hydraulic drive unit comprising:
a pump including a casing, a pair of pump ports, and an air vent port from which air in the casing is discharged to an outside of the casing together with hydraulic oil; a pair of supply-discharge lines that connects between the pair of pump ports and the pair of supply-discharge ports; a valve block that incorporates at least one valve therein, the at least one valve being provided on the pair of supply-discharge lines and/or oil passages connected to the pair of supply-discharge lines; a sealed tank that is connected to the pair of supply-discharge lines, the sealed tank storing the hydraulic oil; a suction line that leads the hydraulic oil in the sealed tank to the pump; a connecting line that connects the air vent port to the suction line; and a gas-liquid separator that separates air and the hydraulic oil flowing through the connecting line from each other, the gas-liquid separator supplying the separated hydraulic oil to the suction line while releasing the separated air from the connecting line, wherein the pump is disposed upward of the valve block and the sealed tank in a vertical direction. 2. The hydraulic drive unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a frame to which the pump and the valve block are mounted; and a tank support mechanism that supports a bottom portion of the sealed tank from below, wherein the sealed tank is disposed such that a hydraulic oil inlet/outlet of the sealed tank faces upward, and such that the sealed tank is mountable to and detachable from the frame without disassembling a framework of the frame, the tank support mechanism includes:
a fixing member fixed to the frame; and
a movable member that is movable in an upward and downward direction relative to the fixing member, and
an upper end portion of the movable member contacts the bottom portion of the sealed tank from below. 3. The hydraulic drive unit according to claim 2, wherein
the sealed tank is a pressure-sealed tank, the bottom portion of the sealed tank is provided with a gas pressure adjusting port for adjusting an internal gas pressure of the sealed tank, the upper end portion of the movable member includes a tubular member that surrounds the gas pressure adjusting port, the tubular member contacting the bottom portion of the sealed tank, and the tubular member is made of a material having a lower hardness than that of the sealed tank. | 3,600 |
338,660 | 16,641,679 | 3,616 | The present invention is directed to compounds of the formula (I) wherein all substituents are defined herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of the invention and methods of using said compositions in the treatment of various disorders. | 1. A compound of the formula 2. The compound according to claim 1 of formula I 3. The compound according to claim 1 of formula I 4. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 5. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 6. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 7-10. (canceled) 11. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 12-15. (canceled) 16. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 17-24. (canceled) 25. A compound according to claim 1 selected from the following 26. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 27. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 28. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 29. (canceled) 30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients. 31. (canceled) 32. A method of treating diseases and conditions in which the modulation of STING is indicated in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 33. A method of treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the cancer is small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, bladder cancer, esophageal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast cancers, urinary carcinoma, glioblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mesothelioma, and other solid tumors or other hematological cancers. 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the cancer is small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma or bladder cancer. 36. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
in combination with the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more immuno-oncology agents. 37. A method for treating a subject afflicted with cancer comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of:
a) a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and b) an anti-cancer agent which is an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof that binds specifically to a Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor and inhibits PD-1 activity. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab. | The present invention is directed to compounds of the formula (I) wherein all substituents are defined herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of the invention and methods of using said compositions in the treatment of various disorders.1. A compound of the formula 2. The compound according to claim 1 of formula I 3. The compound according to claim 1 of formula I 4. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 5. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 6. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 7-10. (canceled) 11. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 12-15. (canceled) 16. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula 17-24. (canceled) 25. A compound according to claim 1 selected from the following 26. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 27. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 28. A compound according to claim 25 selected from 29. (canceled) 30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients. 31. (canceled) 32. A method of treating diseases and conditions in which the modulation of STING is indicated in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 33. A method of treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the cancer is small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, bladder cancer, esophageal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast cancers, urinary carcinoma, glioblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mesothelioma, and other solid tumors or other hematological cancers. 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the cancer is small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma or bladder cancer. 36. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
in combination with the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more immuno-oncology agents. 37. A method for treating a subject afflicted with cancer comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of:
a) a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and b) an anti-cancer agent which is an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof that binds specifically to a Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor and inhibits PD-1 activity. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab. | 3,600 |
338,661 | 16,641,724 | 3,616 | The invention relates to a cardiac lead extraction device, comprising: a handle; an elongated body having a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a first lumen extending from said first proximal end toward said first distal end, said lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; a controllable bendable flexible portion more flexible that said elongated body and having a second proximal end, a second distal end and a second lumen extending from said second proximal end toward said second distal end, said lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; said second proximal end interconnected to said first distal end; said second distal end interconnected to an operational distal end; wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool, said lead extraction helping tool is activated by a motor located at said handle or proximally to said handle. | 1-50. (canceled) 51. A cardiac lead extraction system, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable flexible portion comprising a first lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; said bendable flexible portion being more flexible than said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion; wherein said bendable portion is configured to bend to a bending radius of less than 4 cm while keeping said first lumen open; and wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool, said operational distal end comprising a second lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead, said second lumen being in communication with said first lumen, and said first lumen comprises an inner diameter of from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein said system further comprises a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end. 53. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion is configured to bend to a minimum bending radius of from about 2 mm to about 15 mm. 54. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion comprises at least one articulated structure configured to maintain said first lumen open. 55. The system of claim 51, wherein a size of said inner diameter is selected from the group consisting of:
a. from about 2 mm to about 8 mm; and b. from about 4 mm to about 6 mm. 56. The system of claim 51, wherein the outer diameter of said cardiac lead extraction system is from about 5 mm to about 8 mm. 57. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable flexible portion bends to a maximal angle of from about 35 degrees to about 150 degrees. 58. The system of claim 57, wherein an inner diameter of said bendable flexible portion changes in length from about 0% to about 10% during said maximal angle. 59. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable flexible portion is configured to perform a movement from 0 degrees to about 180 degrees. 60. The system of claim 57, wherein one or more of the following is true:
a. said bendable flexible portion is capable of bending to said maximal angle during active deflection of the system while withstanding forces up to 3000 gf; b. said bendable flexible portion is capable of bending to said maximal angle during passive deflection of the system while withstanding forces up to 500 gf. 61. The system of claim 51, wherein:
a. said elongated body comprises a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a third lumen extending from said first proximal end toward said first distal end, said third lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; and b. said bendable flexible portion comprises a second proximal end, a second distal end and said first lumen extending from said second proximal end toward said second distal end, said second lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead. 62. The system of claim 51, further comprising a motor. 63. The system of claim 62, wherein said motor is located at said handle. 64. The system of claim 51, further comprising a pedal in communication with said handle. 65. The system of claim 62, wherein said motor is located at said pedal. 66. The system of claim 64, wherein said pedal is used to activate and control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 67. The system of claim 51, wherein said handle is used to activate and control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 68. The system of claim 51, wherein at least one lead extraction assistive tool comprises one or more components configured to perform repeatable movement at a repetition rate of from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz. 69. The system of claim 68, wherein said repetition rate is from about 5 Hz to about 60 Hz. 70. The system of claim 51, wherein said lead extraction assistive tool comprises a tissue cutter. 71. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least one movable blade. 72. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least one transmission attached to said motor; said transmission adapted to transfer motion from said motor to said at least one movable blade. 73. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is linear. 74. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is circular. 75. The system of claim 72, wherein said movement of said transmission is configured to provide said at least one movable blade with a linear movement comprising an impact force to apply on the tissue. 76. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is a combination of linear movement and circular movement. 77. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is characterized by a frequency from about 0.5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 78. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is characterized by a frequency from about 1 Hz to about 15 Hz. 79. The system of claim 72, wherein said at least one movable blade comprises a retracted state where said at least one movable blade is not exposed thereby minimizing said at least one movable blade from damaging tissue. 80. The system of claim 72, wherein said at least one movable blade exits distally said operational distal end from about 0.15 mm to about 2 mm. 81. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least two movable blades. 82. The system of claim 81, wherein a relative movement of said at least two movable blades provides cutting by shearing. 83. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion comprises at least one internal structure configured to transmit motion from said handle to said operational distal end through said elongated body. 84. The system of claim 51, wherein said lead extraction assistive tool comprises a lead cutter. 85. The system of claim 52, wherein said controllable steering mechanism comprises at least one wire that runs from said handle to said operational distal end, and wherein said at least one wire runs inside a counter sleeve on said elongated body. 86. A cardiac lead extraction system, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable portion being more flexible that said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion; wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool comprising one or more components configured to perform repeatable movement at a repetition rate of from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz. 87. The system of claim 86, further comprising a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end. 88. The system of claim 86, further comprising a motor configured to actuate said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 89. The system of claim 86, further comprising one or more internal components configured to perform repeatable linear movement. 90. The system of claim 86, wherein said repetition rate is from about 5 Hz to about 60 Hz. 91. A cardiac lead extraction system configured to be operated by a single operator, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable portion being more flexible that said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion, said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool; wherein said system comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: e. an automatic lead tensioning mechanism configured to automatically pull said lead, thereby allowing a single operator to operate said system; f. a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end; g. a motor configured to actuate said at least one lead extraction assistive tool; h. a lead cutter assistive component; i. an operational distal end accessory, instead of said operational distal end, said operational distal end accessory comprising:
I. a body configured to be mounted on a distal end of said elongated body;
II. said at least one lead extraction assistive tool; and
III. a hand controller configured to control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. | The invention relates to a cardiac lead extraction device, comprising: a handle; an elongated body having a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a first lumen extending from said first proximal end toward said first distal end, said lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; a controllable bendable flexible portion more flexible that said elongated body and having a second proximal end, a second distal end and a second lumen extending from said second proximal end toward said second distal end, said lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; said second proximal end interconnected to said first distal end; said second distal end interconnected to an operational distal end; wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool, said lead extraction helping tool is activated by a motor located at said handle or proximally to said handle.1-50. (canceled) 51. A cardiac lead extraction system, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable flexible portion comprising a first lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; said bendable flexible portion being more flexible than said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion; wherein said bendable portion is configured to bend to a bending radius of less than 4 cm while keeping said first lumen open; and wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool, said operational distal end comprising a second lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead, said second lumen being in communication with said first lumen, and said first lumen comprises an inner diameter of from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein said system further comprises a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end. 53. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion is configured to bend to a minimum bending radius of from about 2 mm to about 15 mm. 54. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion comprises at least one articulated structure configured to maintain said first lumen open. 55. The system of claim 51, wherein a size of said inner diameter is selected from the group consisting of:
a. from about 2 mm to about 8 mm; and b. from about 4 mm to about 6 mm. 56. The system of claim 51, wherein the outer diameter of said cardiac lead extraction system is from about 5 mm to about 8 mm. 57. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable flexible portion bends to a maximal angle of from about 35 degrees to about 150 degrees. 58. The system of claim 57, wherein an inner diameter of said bendable flexible portion changes in length from about 0% to about 10% during said maximal angle. 59. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable flexible portion is configured to perform a movement from 0 degrees to about 180 degrees. 60. The system of claim 57, wherein one or more of the following is true:
a. said bendable flexible portion is capable of bending to said maximal angle during active deflection of the system while withstanding forces up to 3000 gf; b. said bendable flexible portion is capable of bending to said maximal angle during passive deflection of the system while withstanding forces up to 500 gf. 61. The system of claim 51, wherein:
a. said elongated body comprises a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a third lumen extending from said first proximal end toward said first distal end, said third lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead; and b. said bendable flexible portion comprises a second proximal end, a second distal end and said first lumen extending from said second proximal end toward said second distal end, said second lumen sized and shaped to fit over a cardiac lead. 62. The system of claim 51, further comprising a motor. 63. The system of claim 62, wherein said motor is located at said handle. 64. The system of claim 51, further comprising a pedal in communication with said handle. 65. The system of claim 62, wherein said motor is located at said pedal. 66. The system of claim 64, wherein said pedal is used to activate and control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 67. The system of claim 51, wherein said handle is used to activate and control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 68. The system of claim 51, wherein at least one lead extraction assistive tool comprises one or more components configured to perform repeatable movement at a repetition rate of from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz. 69. The system of claim 68, wherein said repetition rate is from about 5 Hz to about 60 Hz. 70. The system of claim 51, wherein said lead extraction assistive tool comprises a tissue cutter. 71. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least one movable blade. 72. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least one transmission attached to said motor; said transmission adapted to transfer motion from said motor to said at least one movable blade. 73. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is linear. 74. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is circular. 75. The system of claim 72, wherein said movement of said transmission is configured to provide said at least one movable blade with a linear movement comprising an impact force to apply on the tissue. 76. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is a combination of linear movement and circular movement. 77. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is characterized by a frequency from about 0.5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 78. The system of claim 72, wherein said motion of said at least one movable blade is characterized by a frequency from about 1 Hz to about 15 Hz. 79. The system of claim 72, wherein said at least one movable blade comprises a retracted state where said at least one movable blade is not exposed thereby minimizing said at least one movable blade from damaging tissue. 80. The system of claim 72, wherein said at least one movable blade exits distally said operational distal end from about 0.15 mm to about 2 mm. 81. The system of claim 70, wherein said tissue cutter comprises at least two movable blades. 82. The system of claim 81, wherein a relative movement of said at least two movable blades provides cutting by shearing. 83. The system of claim 51, wherein said bendable portion comprises at least one internal structure configured to transmit motion from said handle to said operational distal end through said elongated body. 84. The system of claim 51, wherein said lead extraction assistive tool comprises a lead cutter. 85. The system of claim 52, wherein said controllable steering mechanism comprises at least one wire that runs from said handle to said operational distal end, and wherein said at least one wire runs inside a counter sleeve on said elongated body. 86. A cardiac lead extraction system, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable portion being more flexible that said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion; wherein said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool comprising one or more components configured to perform repeatable movement at a repetition rate of from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz. 87. The system of claim 86, further comprising a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end. 88. The system of claim 86, further comprising a motor configured to actuate said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. 89. The system of claim 86, further comprising one or more internal components configured to perform repeatable linear movement. 90. The system of claim 86, wherein said repetition rate is from about 5 Hz to about 60 Hz. 91. A cardiac lead extraction system configured to be operated by a single operator, comprising:
a. a handle; b. an elongated body in communication with said handle; c. a bendable flexible portion in communication with said elongated body, said bendable portion being more flexible that said elongated body; d. an operational distal end in communication with said bendable flexible portion, said operational distal end comprises at least one lead extraction assistive tool; wherein said system comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: e. an automatic lead tensioning mechanism configured to automatically pull said lead, thereby allowing a single operator to operate said system; f. a controllable steering mechanism configured to orient said operational distal end; g. a motor configured to actuate said at least one lead extraction assistive tool; h. a lead cutter assistive component; i. an operational distal end accessory, instead of said operational distal end, said operational distal end accessory comprising:
I. a body configured to be mounted on a distal end of said elongated body;
II. said at least one lead extraction assistive tool; and
III. a hand controller configured to control said at least one lead extraction assistive tool. | 3,600 |
338,662 | 16,641,706 | 3,616 | The present application provides a reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler, comprising a controller, a handle, an adapter and a cable component; the adapter is connected with the handle; one end of the cable component is detachably connected with the controller, the other end is detachably connected with the handle to be used for transmitting electric energy and command signals; the controller can be reused for many times, and the cable component can be reused for many times after being sterilized. According to the reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler disclosed by the present application, at least one or multiple components of a core component can be sterilized repeatedly, and can be used for many times, thereby not only greatly lowering the treatment expense of patients, but also greatly reducing the risk of cross infection when instruments are used, improving the use safety and reliability of the instruments, and greatly lightening the overall mass, so that a doctor can operate more conveniently. | 1. A reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler, comprising:
a controller; a handle; an adapter; and a cable component, wherein the adapter is detachably connected with the handle, one end of the cable component is detachably connected with the controller and another end is detachably connected with the handle, and wherein the controller and the cable component can be reused after being sterilized. 2. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter is disposable, and the handle can be reused after being sterilized. 3. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter and the handle is reused after being sterilized. 4. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter and the handle are disposable. 5. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a battery pack and a control module which are detachably connected, the battery pack and the adapter being disposable, and wherein the handle is reused after being sterilized. 6. (canceled) 7. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the handle acquires electric energy from the controller, operates the adapter in accordance with an instruction from the controller, including firing or withdrawing a blade, firing blade and indicating a location and direction, and a residual use time of the handle. 8. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a handle case, a firing handle, a safety trigger, a return button, a stroke indicator light, a residual use time indicator light, and a direction indicator light. 9. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter comprises an outer tube, a rotation collar, and a rotation knob, and wherein a cartridge is disposed at a far end of the outer tube. 10. A reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler comprising:
a controller; a handle; and an adapter, wherein the adapter is connected with the handle, the controller is directly mounted and detachably connected with the handle, and wherein the controller includes a battery pack and a control module, the adapter and the battery pack being disposable, and the handle being reusable after being sterilized. 11. (canceled) 12. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein wherein the handle acquires electric energy from the controller, operates the adapter in accordance with an instruction from the controller, including firing or withdrawing a blade, firing blade and indicating a location and direction, and a residual use time of the handle. 13. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein the handle comprises a handle case, a firing handle, a safety trigger, a return button, a stroke indicator light, a residual use time indicator light, and a direction indicator light. 14. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein the adapter comprises an outer tube, a rotation collar, and a rotation knob, and wherein a cartridge is disposed at a far end of the outer tube. | The present application provides a reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler, comprising a controller, a handle, an adapter and a cable component; the adapter is connected with the handle; one end of the cable component is detachably connected with the controller, the other end is detachably connected with the handle to be used for transmitting electric energy and command signals; the controller can be reused for many times, and the cable component can be reused for many times after being sterilized. According to the reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler disclosed by the present application, at least one or multiple components of a core component can be sterilized repeatedly, and can be used for many times, thereby not only greatly lowering the treatment expense of patients, but also greatly reducing the risk of cross infection when instruments are used, improving the use safety and reliability of the instruments, and greatly lightening the overall mass, so that a doctor can operate more conveniently.1. A reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler, comprising:
a controller; a handle; an adapter; and a cable component, wherein the adapter is detachably connected with the handle, one end of the cable component is detachably connected with the controller and another end is detachably connected with the handle, and wherein the controller and the cable component can be reused after being sterilized. 2. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter is disposable, and the handle can be reused after being sterilized. 3. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter and the handle is reused after being sterilized. 4. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter and the handle are disposable. 5. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a battery pack and a control module which are detachably connected, the battery pack and the adapter being disposable, and wherein the handle is reused after being sterilized. 6. (canceled) 7. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the handle acquires electric energy from the controller, operates the adapter in accordance with an instruction from the controller, including firing or withdrawing a blade, firing blade and indicating a location and direction, and a residual use time of the handle. 8. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a handle case, a firing handle, a safety trigger, a return button, a stroke indicator light, a residual use time indicator light, and a direction indicator light. 9. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 1, wherein the adapter comprises an outer tube, a rotation collar, and a rotation knob, and wherein a cartridge is disposed at a far end of the outer tube. 10. A reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler comprising:
a controller; a handle; and an adapter, wherein the adapter is connected with the handle, the controller is directly mounted and detachably connected with the handle, and wherein the controller includes a battery pack and a control module, the adapter and the battery pack being disposable, and the handle being reusable after being sterilized. 11. (canceled) 12. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein wherein the handle acquires electric energy from the controller, operates the adapter in accordance with an instruction from the controller, including firing or withdrawing a blade, firing blade and indicating a location and direction, and a residual use time of the handle. 13. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein the handle comprises a handle case, a firing handle, a safety trigger, a return button, a stroke indicator light, a residual use time indicator light, and a direction indicator light. 14. The reusable powered endoscopic cutter stapler according to claim 10, wherein the adapter comprises an outer tube, a rotation collar, and a rotation knob, and wherein a cartridge is disposed at a far end of the outer tube. | 3,600 |
338,663 | 16,641,687 | 3,616 | A method of fit testing includes providing a respirator; providing a sensor having a sensing element removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader. | 1. A method of fit testing comprising:
providing a respirator; providing a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor, and wherein the sensor is removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein no component of the sensor and no component of a sensor attachment system penetrate a surface of the respirator in contact with an exterior gas space. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8-9. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensing device. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the sensing element is a fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element configured such that the condensing vapor does not condense uniformly on the surface of the element. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element is further configured such that condensed vapor in contact with at least one electrode does not form a continuous condensed phase to at least one other electrode. 18-27. (canceled) 28. A method of fit testing comprising:
providing a respirator; providing a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor, and wherein the sensor is removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader; and capturing an image of the correct fit position on the user's face once the sensor indicates a pre-determined fit assessment data value has been reached. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the fit assessment data value is below a threshold value. 30. The method according to claim 28, further comprising comparing a current fit image with the correct fit position image. 31. The method according to claim 30, further comprising adjusting the current fit until the current fit matches the correct fit position image. | A method of fit testing includes providing a respirator; providing a sensor having a sensing element removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader.1. A method of fit testing comprising:
providing a respirator; providing a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor, and wherein the sensor is removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit of the respirator on a wearer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein no component of the sensor and no component of a sensor attachment system penetrate a surface of the respirator in contact with an exterior gas space. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and is configured to sense a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8-9. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensing device. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the sensing element is a fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element configured such that the condensing vapor does not condense uniformly on the surface of the element. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the fluid ionizable particulate matter detection element is further configured such that condensed vapor in contact with at least one electrode does not form a continuous condensed phase to at least one other electrode. 18-27. (canceled) 28. A method of fit testing comprising:
providing a respirator; providing a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor, and wherein the sensor is removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader; and capturing an image of the correct fit position on the user's face once the sensor indicates a pre-determined fit assessment data value has been reached. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the fit assessment data value is below a threshold value. 30. The method according to claim 28, further comprising comparing a current fit image with the correct fit position image. 31. The method according to claim 30, further comprising adjusting the current fit until the current fit matches the correct fit position image. | 3,600 |
338,664 | 16,641,704 | 3,616 | A voice control method, includes: acquiring a voice input information; recognizing the voice input information to obtain a voice command; based on the voice command, determining a control corresponding to the voice command by a test framework calling unit, where the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and executing a function corresponding to the control. A voice control device and a computer-executable non-volatile storage medium are further provided. | 1. A voice control method, comprising:
acquiring a voice input information; recognizing the voice input information to obtain a voice command; determining a control corresponding to the voice command by a test framework calling unit based on the voice command, wherein the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and executing a function corresponding to the control. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command comprises:
acquiring a control in an application program that is in a foreground running state on a current user interface by the test framework calling unit; acquiring a character string of the control or a description character string of the control; and matching the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the voice command further comprises a command parameter,
wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
acquiring a position of the control in the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface by the test framework calling unit; and
determining whether an edit box is located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control by the test framework calling unit, and in a case where one or more of edit boxes are determined, inputting the command parameter into any of the edit boxes; and
wherein executing the function corresponding to the control comprises: 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining whether the edit box is located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control comprises:
searching all edit boxes on the current user interface; recognizing a boundary of each of the edit boxes; and based on the boundary, determining a position of an edit box located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein recognizing the voice input information to obtain the voice command comprises:
converting the voice input information into a character string; matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with a preset voice command; and based on a matching result, determining a voice command corresponding to the voice input information. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with the preset voice command comprises:
establishing a corresponding relationship set of character strings and preset voice commands; based on template matching or deep learning, determining a voice command matched with the character string which is obtained by the converting in the set; and matching the character string with the voice command which is determined. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command comprises:
based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of an application program that is in a foreground running state on a current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control is unsuccessful, based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the control icon is unsuccessful, acquiring a control in the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface by the test framework calling unit; acquiring a character string of the control or a description character string of the control; and matching the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein recognizing the image to determine the control icon in the image comprises:
performing contour extraction on the image to obtain at least one control region; and performing image recognizing on the at least one control region to determine the control icon in the control region. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command comprises:
converting the control icon into a character string corresponding to a function of the control, and matching the character string which is corresponding to the function of the control with the voice command; or, converting the voice command into an icon corresponding to the voice command, and matching the icon which is corresponding to the voice command with the control icon. 12. The method according to claim 1, before acquiring the voice input information, the method further comprising:
acquiring an application program starting command; and based on the application program starting command, starting the application program in which the control is coded. 13. A voice control device, comprising:
a voice recognizing and semantic parsing unit, configured to acquire a voice input information, and to recognize the voice input information to obtain a voice command; a test framework calling unit, configured to, based on the voice command, determine a control corresponding to the voice command, wherein the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and an execution unit, configured to execute a function corresponding to the control. 14. The device according to claim 13, further comprising:
an image recognizing unit, configured to recognize an image in an application program in which the control is coded on a current user interface to determine a control icon in the image, wherein the test framework calling unit is further configured to match the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the voice recognizing and semantic parsing unit is in a first module,
the test framework calling unit and the image recognizing unit are in a second module, respectively, and the first module and the second module communicate with each other through inter-process communication. 16. A voice control device, comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein instructions are stored in the memory, and in a case where the processor processes the instructions, the processor executes the method according to claim 1. 17. A computer-executable non-volatile storage medium, in which computer program instructions are sorted, wherein in a case where a processor processes the instructions, the processor executes the method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 2, wherein recognizing the voice input information to obtain the voice command comprises:
converting the voice input information into a character string; matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with a preset voice command; and based on a matching result, determining a voice command corresponding to the voice input information. 19. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control is unsuccessful, based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 20. The method according to claim 2, before acquiring the voice input information, the method further comprising:
acquiring an application program starting command; and based on the application program starting command, starting the application program in which the control is coded. | A voice control method, includes: acquiring a voice input information; recognizing the voice input information to obtain a voice command; based on the voice command, determining a control corresponding to the voice command by a test framework calling unit, where the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and executing a function corresponding to the control. A voice control device and a computer-executable non-volatile storage medium are further provided.1. A voice control method, comprising:
acquiring a voice input information; recognizing the voice input information to obtain a voice command; determining a control corresponding to the voice command by a test framework calling unit based on the voice command, wherein the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and executing a function corresponding to the control. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command comprises:
acquiring a control in an application program that is in a foreground running state on a current user interface by the test framework calling unit; acquiring a character string of the control or a description character string of the control; and matching the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the voice command further comprises a command parameter,
wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
acquiring a position of the control in the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface by the test framework calling unit; and
determining whether an edit box is located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control by the test framework calling unit, and in a case where one or more of edit boxes are determined, inputting the command parameter into any of the edit boxes; and
wherein executing the function corresponding to the control comprises: 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining whether the edit box is located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control comprises:
searching all edit boxes on the current user interface; recognizing a boundary of each of the edit boxes; and based on the boundary, determining a position of an edit box located on at least one position adjacent to the position of the control. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein recognizing the voice input information to obtain the voice command comprises:
converting the voice input information into a character string; matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with a preset voice command; and based on a matching result, determining a voice command corresponding to the voice input information. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with the preset voice command comprises:
establishing a corresponding relationship set of character strings and preset voice commands; based on template matching or deep learning, determining a voice command matched with the character string which is obtained by the converting in the set; and matching the character string with the voice command which is determined. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command comprises:
based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of an application program that is in a foreground running state on a current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control is unsuccessful, based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the control icon is unsuccessful, acquiring a control in the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface by the test framework calling unit; acquiring a character string of the control or a description character string of the control; and matching the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein recognizing the image to determine the control icon in the image comprises:
performing contour extraction on the image to obtain at least one control region; and performing image recognizing on the at least one control region to determine the control icon in the control region. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command comprises:
converting the control icon into a character string corresponding to a function of the control, and matching the character string which is corresponding to the function of the control with the voice command; or, converting the voice command into an icon corresponding to the voice command, and matching the icon which is corresponding to the voice command with the control icon. 12. The method according to claim 1, before acquiring the voice input information, the method further comprising:
acquiring an application program starting command; and based on the application program starting command, starting the application program in which the control is coded. 13. A voice control device, comprising:
a voice recognizing and semantic parsing unit, configured to acquire a voice input information, and to recognize the voice input information to obtain a voice command; a test framework calling unit, configured to, based on the voice command, determine a control corresponding to the voice command, wherein the test framework calling unit is not in an application program in which the control is coded; and an execution unit, configured to execute a function corresponding to the control. 14. The device according to claim 13, further comprising:
an image recognizing unit, configured to recognize an image in an application program in which the control is coded on a current user interface to determine a control icon in the image, wherein the test framework calling unit is further configured to match the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the voice recognizing and semantic parsing unit is in a first module,
the test framework calling unit and the image recognizing unit are in a second module, respectively, and the first module and the second module communicate with each other through inter-process communication. 16. A voice control device, comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein instructions are stored in the memory, and in a case where the processor processes the instructions, the processor executes the method according to claim 1. 17. A computer-executable non-volatile storage medium, in which computer program instructions are sorted, wherein in a case where a processor processes the instructions, the processor executes the method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 2, wherein recognizing the voice input information to obtain the voice command comprises:
converting the voice input information into a character string; matching the character string which is obtained by the converting with a preset voice command; and based on a matching result, determining a voice command corresponding to the voice input information. 19. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining the control corresponding to the voice command by the test framework calling unit based on the voice command further comprises:
in a case where a matching process of the voice command with the character string of the control or the description character string of the control is unsuccessful, based on a test framework called by the test framework calling unit, acquiring an image of the application program that is in the foreground running state on the current user interface; recognizing the image to determine a control icon in the image; and matching the voice command with the control icon to determine the control corresponding to the voice command. 20. The method according to claim 2, before acquiring the voice input information, the method further comprising:
acquiring an application program starting command; and based on the application program starting command, starting the application program in which the control is coded. | 3,600 |
338,665 | 16,641,725 | 3,616 | Process for the preparation of very low haze and color stable styrenic polymers by anionic polymerization wherein the obtained terminated polymer solution is passed through a first filter, fed to a dispersing device to which water is added, fed to a buffer vessel and then is impregnated in a static mixer by addition of further water, carbon dioxide and one or more stabilizers. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A process for the preparation of homopolymers or block copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers by anionic polymerization comprising the following steps:
(i) polymerization of at least one vinyl aromatic monomer and optionally at least one conjugated diene in an inert non-polar solvent in the presence of an organometal initiator in a reactor, and subsequent deactivation of the obtained “living” polymer chains with a terminating agent to obtain a polymer solution; (ii) passing the polymer solution obtained in step (i) through a first filter; (iii) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (ii) to a dispersing device to which water is added in a continuous or in a discontinuous mode; (iv) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (iii) to a buffer vessel; and (v) feeding the continuously withdrawn polymer solution from the buffer vessel into a static mixer for impregnation by addition of further water, carbon dioxide, and one or more stabilizers; 21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the reactor is a batch reactor. 22. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a filter. 23. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process flow part in which the polymer solution has a transitional flow with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 4000. 24. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 1.0 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 80° C. 25. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 5 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 95° C. 26. The process according to claim 20, wherein in steps (ii) and (iii), the filter is a bagfilter. 27. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (ii), the mesh size of the filter is 500 to 1000 μm. 28. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the water is added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.20 l/m3 polymer solution. 29. The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymer solution obtained in step (v) is fed to a further buffer vessel. 30. The process according to claim 20, wherein prior to step (v), the polymer solution continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel is filtered by a third filter. 31. The process according to claim 30, wherein the third filter is a cartridge filter with a mesh size between 50 μm and 300 μm. 32. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are added as a solution with a flow rate of 1 to 8 l/m3 polymer solution. 33. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are dissolved in a nonpolar solvent where the concentration of each of the one or more stabilizers is in the range of from 3.5 to 15 wt.-%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.-%. 34. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), a plasticizer is added with an injection flow of 0.1 to 30 l/m3 polymer solution. 35. The process according to claim 23, wherein the process flow part is a tube or pipe. | Process for the preparation of very low haze and color stable styrenic polymers by anionic polymerization wherein the obtained terminated polymer solution is passed through a first filter, fed to a dispersing device to which water is added, fed to a buffer vessel and then is impregnated in a static mixer by addition of further water, carbon dioxide and one or more stabilizers.1-19. (canceled) 20. A process for the preparation of homopolymers or block copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers by anionic polymerization comprising the following steps:
(i) polymerization of at least one vinyl aromatic monomer and optionally at least one conjugated diene in an inert non-polar solvent in the presence of an organometal initiator in a reactor, and subsequent deactivation of the obtained “living” polymer chains with a terminating agent to obtain a polymer solution; (ii) passing the polymer solution obtained in step (i) through a first filter; (iii) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (ii) to a dispersing device to which water is added in a continuous or in a discontinuous mode; (iv) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (iii) to a buffer vessel; and (v) feeding the continuously withdrawn polymer solution from the buffer vessel into a static mixer for impregnation by addition of further water, carbon dioxide, and one or more stabilizers; 21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the reactor is a batch reactor. 22. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a filter. 23. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process flow part in which the polymer solution has a transitional flow with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 4000. 24. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 1.0 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 80° C. 25. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 5 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 95° C. 26. The process according to claim 20, wherein in steps (ii) and (iii), the filter is a bagfilter. 27. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (ii), the mesh size of the filter is 500 to 1000 μm. 28. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the water is added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.20 l/m3 polymer solution. 29. The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymer solution obtained in step (v) is fed to a further buffer vessel. 30. The process according to claim 20, wherein prior to step (v), the polymer solution continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel is filtered by a third filter. 31. The process according to claim 30, wherein the third filter is a cartridge filter with a mesh size between 50 μm and 300 μm. 32. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are added as a solution with a flow rate of 1 to 8 l/m3 polymer solution. 33. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are dissolved in a nonpolar solvent where the concentration of each of the one or more stabilizers is in the range of from 3.5 to 15 wt.-%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.-%. 34. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), a plasticizer is added with an injection flow of 0.1 to 30 l/m3 polymer solution. 35. The process according to claim 23, wherein the process flow part is a tube or pipe. | 3,600 |
338,666 | 16,641,734 | 1,629 | Process for the preparation of very low haze and color stable styrenic polymers by anionic polymerization wherein the obtained terminated polymer solution is passed through a first filter, fed to a dispersing device to which water is added, fed to a buffer vessel and then is impregnated in a static mixer by addition of further water, carbon dioxide and one or more stabilizers. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A process for the preparation of homopolymers or block copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers by anionic polymerization comprising the following steps:
(i) polymerization of at least one vinyl aromatic monomer and optionally at least one conjugated diene in an inert non-polar solvent in the presence of an organometal initiator in a reactor, and subsequent deactivation of the obtained “living” polymer chains with a terminating agent to obtain a polymer solution; (ii) passing the polymer solution obtained in step (i) through a first filter; (iii) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (ii) to a dispersing device to which water is added in a continuous or in a discontinuous mode; (iv) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (iii) to a buffer vessel; and (v) feeding the continuously withdrawn polymer solution from the buffer vessel into a static mixer for impregnation by addition of further water, carbon dioxide, and one or more stabilizers; 21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the reactor is a batch reactor. 22. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a filter. 23. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process flow part in which the polymer solution has a transitional flow with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 4000. 24. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 1.0 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 80° C. 25. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 5 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 95° C. 26. The process according to claim 20, wherein in steps (ii) and (iii), the filter is a bagfilter. 27. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (ii), the mesh size of the filter is 500 to 1000 μm. 28. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the water is added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.20 l/m3 polymer solution. 29. The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymer solution obtained in step (v) is fed to a further buffer vessel. 30. The process according to claim 20, wherein prior to step (v), the polymer solution continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel is filtered by a third filter. 31. The process according to claim 30, wherein the third filter is a cartridge filter with a mesh size between 50 μm and 300 μm. 32. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are added as a solution with a flow rate of 1 to 8 l/m3 polymer solution. 33. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are dissolved in a nonpolar solvent where the concentration of each of the one or more stabilizers is in the range of from 3.5 to 15 wt.-%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.-%. 34. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), a plasticizer is added with an injection flow of 0.1 to 30 l/m3 polymer solution. 35. The process according to claim 23, wherein the process flow part is a tube or pipe. | Process for the preparation of very low haze and color stable styrenic polymers by anionic polymerization wherein the obtained terminated polymer solution is passed through a first filter, fed to a dispersing device to which water is added, fed to a buffer vessel and then is impregnated in a static mixer by addition of further water, carbon dioxide and one or more stabilizers.1-19. (canceled) 20. A process for the preparation of homopolymers or block copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers by anionic polymerization comprising the following steps:
(i) polymerization of at least one vinyl aromatic monomer and optionally at least one conjugated diene in an inert non-polar solvent in the presence of an organometal initiator in a reactor, and subsequent deactivation of the obtained “living” polymer chains with a terminating agent to obtain a polymer solution; (ii) passing the polymer solution obtained in step (i) through a first filter; (iii) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (ii) to a dispersing device to which water is added in a continuous or in a discontinuous mode; (iv) feeding the polymer solution obtained in step (iii) to a buffer vessel; and (v) feeding the continuously withdrawn polymer solution from the buffer vessel into a static mixer for impregnation by addition of further water, carbon dioxide, and one or more stabilizers; 21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the reactor is a batch reactor. 22. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a filter. 23. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process flow part in which the polymer solution has a transitional flow with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 4000. 24. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 1.0 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 80° C. 25. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the dispersing device is a process tube having a characteristic length of from 0.05 to 5 m, and the polymer solution has a velocity of from 1.0 to 10.0 m/s, density of from 750 to 900 kg/m3, and a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 10 Ns/m2 at a temperature of from 60 to 95° C. 26. The process according to claim 20, wherein in steps (ii) and (iii), the filter is a bagfilter. 27. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (ii), the mesh size of the filter is 500 to 1000 μm. 28. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (iii), the water is added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.20 l/m3 polymer solution. 29. The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymer solution obtained in step (v) is fed to a further buffer vessel. 30. The process according to claim 20, wherein prior to step (v), the polymer solution continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel is filtered by a third filter. 31. The process according to claim 30, wherein the third filter is a cartridge filter with a mesh size between 50 μm and 300 μm. 32. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are added as a solution with a flow rate of 1 to 8 l/m3 polymer solution. 33. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), the stabilizers are dissolved in a nonpolar solvent where the concentration of each of the one or more stabilizers is in the range of from 3.5 to 15 wt.-%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.-%. 34. The process according to claim 20, wherein in step (v), a plasticizer is added with an injection flow of 0.1 to 30 l/m3 polymer solution. 35. The process according to claim 23, wherein the process flow part is a tube or pipe. | 1,600 |
338,667 | 16,641,708 | 1,629 | A ray detector and a ray detection panel. The ray detector includes a base substrate, a thin film transistor, a scintillator, and a photodetector; the scintillator is located on aside of the photodetector that is away from the base substrate; the photodetector includes: a first conductive structure; a semiconductor layer; a second conductive structure; a first dielectric layer; and a second dielectric layer, the second conductive structure is electrically connected with source electrode; the thin film transistor is located between the base substrate and the photodetector; and an orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate at least partially falls into an orthographic projection of the photodetector on the base substrate. | 1. A ray detector, comprising:
a base substrate; a thin film transistor, comprising a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a scintillator, configured to convert a ray into a visible light; and a photodetector, configured to detect the visible light converted by the scintillator and convert the visible light into an electrical signal, wherein the scintillator is located on a side of the photodetector that is away from the base substrate, the photodetector comprises: a first conductive structure; a semiconductor layer; a second conductive structure; a first dielectric layer, located between the first conductive structure and the semiconductor layer; and a second dielectric layer, located between the second conductive structure and the semiconductor layer; the second conductive structure is electrically connected with the source electrode; the thin film transistor is located between the base substrate and the photodetector; and an orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate at least partially falls into an orthographic projection of the photodetector on the base substrate. 2. The ray detector according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride. 3. The ray detector according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are provided in a same layer; and the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure form an interdigitated structure. 4. The ray detector according to claim 3, wherein the first conductive structure comprises a plurality of first metal bars and a first connecting portion connected with the plurality of first metal bars; the second conductive structure comprises a plurality of second metal bars and a second connecting portion connected with the plurality of second metal bars; and the plurality of first metal bars and the plurality of second metal bars are alternately arranged at intervals to form the interdigitated structure. 5. The ray detector according to claim 3, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are a same dielectric layer, and completely cover the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure; the semiconductor layer is located on a side of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer that is away from the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure; and the scintillator is located on a side of the semiconductor layer that is away from the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. 6. The ray detector according to claim 1, comprising:
a gate electrode layer, located on the base substrate; a gate insulating layer, located on a side of the gate electrode layer that is away from the base substrate; an active layer, located on a side of the gate insulating layer that is away from the gate electrode layer; a source-drain metal layer, located on a side of the active layer that is away from the gate insulating layer; wherein the gate electrode is a portion of the gate electrode layer; and the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively a portion of the source-drain metal layer. 7. The ray detector according to claim 6, wherein an orthographic projection of the source electrode on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 8. The ray detector according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first insulating layer, located on a side of the source-drain metal layer that is away from the active layer and the gate insulating layer; and a conductive layer, located on a side of the first insulating layer that is away from the source-drain metal layer, wherein the conductive layer comprises a light shielding structure; and the orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the light shielding structure on the base substrate. 9. The ray detector according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second insulating layer, located on a side of the conductive layer that is away from the first insulating layer, wherein the photodetector is located on a side of the second insulating layer that is away from the conductive layer; the first insulating layer comprises a first via hole; the conductive layer comprises a connection electrode at least partially located in the first via hole; the second insulating layer comprises a second via hole; and the second conductive structure is electrically connected with the connection electrode through the second via hole. 10. The ray detector according to claim 9, wherein orthographic projections of the first via hole and the second via hole on the base substrate fall into an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 11. The ray detector according to claim 10, wherein the orthographic projection of the first via hole on the base substrate and the orthographic projection of the second via hole on the base substrate do not overlap with each other. 12. The ray detector according to claim 8, wherein the gate electrode layer further comprises a gate line; the source-drain metal layer further comprises a data line; the data line is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the thin film transistor; and an orthographic projection of the data line on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first conductive structure on the base substrate have an overlapping region,
the conductive layer further comprises a first portion and a second portion; an orthographic projection of the gate line on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the first portion on the base substrate; and the overlapping region falls into an orthographic projection of the second portion on the base substrate; the data line comprises an extension portion located between the gate line and the overlapping region; the extension portion is located on a side of the gate line that is close to the source electrode; and an orthographic projection of the extension portion on the base substrate does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the base substrate. 13. The ray detector according to claim 12, wherein the gate electrode layer further comprises a third conductive structure; and an orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 14. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the base substrate substantially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the source electrode on the base substrate. 15. The ray detector according to claim 13, further comprising a bias signal terminal, electrically connected with at least one of the third conductive structure and the first portion. 16. A ray detection panel, comprising a plurality of the ray detectors according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of ray detectors are arranged in an array. 17. The ray detection panel according to claim 16, wherein the ray detection panel comprises a detection region and a peripheral region surrounding the detection region; the ray detector comprises a gate electrode layer and a conductive layer; the gate electrode layer further comprises a third conductive structure; the conductive layer comprises a first portion; and the ray detection panel further comprises:
a first connection line, electrically connecting third conductive structures of a row of the ray detectors, wherein the first connection line extends from the detection region to the peripheral region; first portions of a row of the ray detectors are connected with each other in series to form a second connection line; and the second connection line also extends from the detection region to the peripheral region. 18. The ray detection panel according to claim 17, wherein the ray detector comprises a source-drain metal layer, and the peripheral region further comprises:
a metal block, provided in a same layer and formed by using a same patterning process as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor, wherein the metal block is insulated from the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the second connection line is electrically connected with the metal block. 19. The ray detection panel according to claim 17, further comprising:
a first lead, located in the peripheral region and connecting a plurality of the first connection lines of a plurality of columns of the ray detectors; and a second lead, located in the peripheral region and connecting a plurality of the second connection lines of a plurality of columns of the ray detectors, wherein, in a region where the first connection line and the second lead overlap with each other, the second lead comprises at least one opening. 20. The ray detection panel according to claim 19, wherein the first lead is provided in a same layer and formed by using a same patterning process as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor. | A ray detector and a ray detection panel. The ray detector includes a base substrate, a thin film transistor, a scintillator, and a photodetector; the scintillator is located on aside of the photodetector that is away from the base substrate; the photodetector includes: a first conductive structure; a semiconductor layer; a second conductive structure; a first dielectric layer; and a second dielectric layer, the second conductive structure is electrically connected with source electrode; the thin film transistor is located between the base substrate and the photodetector; and an orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate at least partially falls into an orthographic projection of the photodetector on the base substrate.1. A ray detector, comprising:
a base substrate; a thin film transistor, comprising a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a scintillator, configured to convert a ray into a visible light; and a photodetector, configured to detect the visible light converted by the scintillator and convert the visible light into an electrical signal, wherein the scintillator is located on a side of the photodetector that is away from the base substrate, the photodetector comprises: a first conductive structure; a semiconductor layer; a second conductive structure; a first dielectric layer, located between the first conductive structure and the semiconductor layer; and a second dielectric layer, located between the second conductive structure and the semiconductor layer; the second conductive structure is electrically connected with the source electrode; the thin film transistor is located between the base substrate and the photodetector; and an orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate at least partially falls into an orthographic projection of the photodetector on the base substrate. 2. The ray detector according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride. 3. The ray detector according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are provided in a same layer; and the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure form an interdigitated structure. 4. The ray detector according to claim 3, wherein the first conductive structure comprises a plurality of first metal bars and a first connecting portion connected with the plurality of first metal bars; the second conductive structure comprises a plurality of second metal bars and a second connecting portion connected with the plurality of second metal bars; and the plurality of first metal bars and the plurality of second metal bars are alternately arranged at intervals to form the interdigitated structure. 5. The ray detector according to claim 3, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are a same dielectric layer, and completely cover the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure; the semiconductor layer is located on a side of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer that is away from the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure; and the scintillator is located on a side of the semiconductor layer that is away from the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. 6. The ray detector according to claim 1, comprising:
a gate electrode layer, located on the base substrate; a gate insulating layer, located on a side of the gate electrode layer that is away from the base substrate; an active layer, located on a side of the gate insulating layer that is away from the gate electrode layer; a source-drain metal layer, located on a side of the active layer that is away from the gate insulating layer; wherein the gate electrode is a portion of the gate electrode layer; and the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively a portion of the source-drain metal layer. 7. The ray detector according to claim 6, wherein an orthographic projection of the source electrode on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 8. The ray detector according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first insulating layer, located on a side of the source-drain metal layer that is away from the active layer and the gate insulating layer; and a conductive layer, located on a side of the first insulating layer that is away from the source-drain metal layer, wherein the conductive layer comprises a light shielding structure; and the orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the light shielding structure on the base substrate. 9. The ray detector according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second insulating layer, located on a side of the conductive layer that is away from the first insulating layer, wherein the photodetector is located on a side of the second insulating layer that is away from the conductive layer; the first insulating layer comprises a first via hole; the conductive layer comprises a connection electrode at least partially located in the first via hole; the second insulating layer comprises a second via hole; and the second conductive structure is electrically connected with the connection electrode through the second via hole. 10. The ray detector according to claim 9, wherein orthographic projections of the first via hole and the second via hole on the base substrate fall into an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 11. The ray detector according to claim 10, wherein the orthographic projection of the first via hole on the base substrate and the orthographic projection of the second via hole on the base substrate do not overlap with each other. 12. The ray detector according to claim 8, wherein the gate electrode layer further comprises a gate line; the source-drain metal layer further comprises a data line; the data line is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the thin film transistor; and an orthographic projection of the data line on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first conductive structure on the base substrate have an overlapping region,
the conductive layer further comprises a first portion and a second portion; an orthographic projection of the gate line on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the first portion on the base substrate; and the overlapping region falls into an orthographic projection of the second portion on the base substrate; the data line comprises an extension portion located between the gate line and the overlapping region; the extension portion is located on a side of the gate line that is close to the source electrode; and an orthographic projection of the extension portion on the base substrate does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the base substrate. 13. The ray detector according to claim 12, wherein the gate electrode layer further comprises a third conductive structure; and an orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the base substrate. 14. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the base substrate substantially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the source electrode on the base substrate. 15. The ray detector according to claim 13, further comprising a bias signal terminal, electrically connected with at least one of the third conductive structure and the first portion. 16. A ray detection panel, comprising a plurality of the ray detectors according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of ray detectors are arranged in an array. 17. The ray detection panel according to claim 16, wherein the ray detection panel comprises a detection region and a peripheral region surrounding the detection region; the ray detector comprises a gate electrode layer and a conductive layer; the gate electrode layer further comprises a third conductive structure; the conductive layer comprises a first portion; and the ray detection panel further comprises:
a first connection line, electrically connecting third conductive structures of a row of the ray detectors, wherein the first connection line extends from the detection region to the peripheral region; first portions of a row of the ray detectors are connected with each other in series to form a second connection line; and the second connection line also extends from the detection region to the peripheral region. 18. The ray detection panel according to claim 17, wherein the ray detector comprises a source-drain metal layer, and the peripheral region further comprises:
a metal block, provided in a same layer and formed by using a same patterning process as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor, wherein the metal block is insulated from the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the second connection line is electrically connected with the metal block. 19. The ray detection panel according to claim 17, further comprising:
a first lead, located in the peripheral region and connecting a plurality of the first connection lines of a plurality of columns of the ray detectors; and a second lead, located in the peripheral region and connecting a plurality of the second connection lines of a plurality of columns of the ray detectors, wherein, in a region where the first connection line and the second lead overlap with each other, the second lead comprises at least one opening. 20. The ray detection panel according to claim 19, wherein the first lead is provided in a same layer and formed by using a same patterning process as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor. | 1,600 |
338,668 | 16,641,693 | 1,629 | A method of forming a part from sheet metal and a part formed by said method. The method comprising the steps of: (a) heating a metal sheet to a temperature T; and (b) forming the sheet into the part between dies while applying cooling means to the sheet, where in step a) the metal sheet is heated at a rate of at least 50° C.s−1, and temperature T is above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a critical microstructure change temperature of said metal sheet. | 1.-19. (canceled) 20. A method of forming a part from a metal sheet, the method comprising the steps of:
heating said metal sheet to a temperature T at a rate of at least 50° C.s-1 from 50° C.s-1 to 300° C.s-1;
said temperature T being above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a critical microstructure change temperature of said metal sheet;
providing a cooling means for cooling said metal sheet; forming in a first forming step the metal sheet into the part between at least one of a plurality of dies while simultaneously applying said cooling means to the metal sheet in a first cooling step. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said cooling means conducts said first cooling step at a rate of at least from 10° C.s-1 to 300° C.s-1 between 100 to 300° C. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said temperature T is from 50 to 600° C. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
said heating to said temperature T is conducted by at least one of a contact heater, an infra-red heater, an induction heater, and a resistance-heater. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein:
said step of forming in said first forming step further comprises a step of:
closing said plurality of dies with a force within a critical contact pressure range. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
said force in said critical contact pressure range is between 15 MPa to 300 MPa. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein:
said step of forming further comprises a second step of post-forming where said metal sheet is held between said plurality of dies; said first forming step is conducted with said force between 20 MPa to 50 MPa; and said second step of post-forming is conducted with said force between 50 MPa to 150 MPa. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said first cooling step applied during said first forming step is between 10%-20% of a total cooling applied to said metal sheet; conducting a second cooling step of said metal sheet after said first forming step while said metal sheet is between said plurality of dies; and said second cooling step being an in-die quenching and being 80% to 90% of said total cooling applied to said metal sheet. 28. The method of claim of claim 20, wherein:
said heating and forming occurs in from 2 to 60 seconds. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein:
said forming occurs in from 1 to 3 seconds and said second cooling step occurs in from 1 to 4 seconds. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the metal sheet is a material selected from a group consisting of: aluminum, magnesium, titanium, an alloy of aluminum, an alloy of magnesium, and an alloy of titanium. 31. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said metal sheet is an alloy of iron; said alloy of iron is steel; said steel is an ultra-high strength steel (UHSS); and said ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) is a martensitic steel. 32. A formed part product formed according to the method of claim 20. 33. A method of forming a part from a metal sheet, the method comprising the steps of:
heating said metal sheet to a temperature T at a rate of at least 50° C.s−1 from 50° C.s−1 to 300° C.s−1;
said temperature T being above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a temperature which would cause changes to the microstructure of said metal sheet; and
forming in a forming step the metal sheet into the part between at least one of a plurality of dies. | A method of forming a part from sheet metal and a part formed by said method. The method comprising the steps of: (a) heating a metal sheet to a temperature T; and (b) forming the sheet into the part between dies while applying cooling means to the sheet, where in step a) the metal sheet is heated at a rate of at least 50° C.s−1, and temperature T is above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a critical microstructure change temperature of said metal sheet.1.-19. (canceled) 20. A method of forming a part from a metal sheet, the method comprising the steps of:
heating said metal sheet to a temperature T at a rate of at least 50° C.s-1 from 50° C.s-1 to 300° C.s-1;
said temperature T being above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a critical microstructure change temperature of said metal sheet;
providing a cooling means for cooling said metal sheet; forming in a first forming step the metal sheet into the part between at least one of a plurality of dies while simultaneously applying said cooling means to the metal sheet in a first cooling step. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said cooling means conducts said first cooling step at a rate of at least from 10° C.s-1 to 300° C.s-1 between 100 to 300° C. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said temperature T is from 50 to 600° C. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
said heating to said temperature T is conducted by at least one of a contact heater, an infra-red heater, an induction heater, and a resistance-heater. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein:
said step of forming in said first forming step further comprises a step of:
closing said plurality of dies with a force within a critical contact pressure range. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
said force in said critical contact pressure range is between 15 MPa to 300 MPa. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein:
said step of forming further comprises a second step of post-forming where said metal sheet is held between said plurality of dies; said first forming step is conducted with said force between 20 MPa to 50 MPa; and said second step of post-forming is conducted with said force between 50 MPa to 150 MPa. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said first cooling step applied during said first forming step is between 10%-20% of a total cooling applied to said metal sheet; conducting a second cooling step of said metal sheet after said first forming step while said metal sheet is between said plurality of dies; and said second cooling step being an in-die quenching and being 80% to 90% of said total cooling applied to said metal sheet. 28. The method of claim of claim 20, wherein:
said heating and forming occurs in from 2 to 60 seconds. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein:
said forming occurs in from 1 to 3 seconds and said second cooling step occurs in from 1 to 4 seconds. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the metal sheet is a material selected from a group consisting of: aluminum, magnesium, titanium, an alloy of aluminum, an alloy of magnesium, and an alloy of titanium. 31. The method of claim 20, wherein:
said metal sheet is an alloy of iron; said alloy of iron is steel; said steel is an ultra-high strength steel (UHSS); and said ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) is a martensitic steel. 32. A formed part product formed according to the method of claim 20. 33. A method of forming a part from a metal sheet, the method comprising the steps of:
heating said metal sheet to a temperature T at a rate of at least 50° C.s−1 from 50° C.s−1 to 300° C.s−1;
said temperature T being above a critical forming temperature and does not exceed a temperature which would cause changes to the microstructure of said metal sheet; and
forming in a forming step the metal sheet into the part between at least one of a plurality of dies. | 1,600 |
338,669 | 16,641,714 | 1,629 | An operator of a hydraulic excavator and a worker working outside of the hydraulic excavator carry a worker tag that sends a radio-wave signal including a magnetic field ID, a tag ID, and positional information obtained by a GNSS receiving section in case the worker tag receives a magnetic field signal generated by a magnetic field detecting device mounted on the hydraulic excavator. Based on positional information of the hydraulic excavator that is obtained from an GNSS receiving device and positional information of the worker tag, the position of the worker tag is calculated. In case the worker tag is detected in a proximity notification target area, a notification command is generated for notifying the operator of the hydraulic excavator of the detection of the worker tag, and output to a notification device in the cabin of the hydraulic excavator. Thus, a worker who is in proximity to the work machine is accurately detected, and the operator is prevented from being excessively alerted. | 1. A work machine having a machine body with a propulsive device, a multi-joint work implement mounted on the machine body and including a plurality of front members that are angularly movably interconnected, and an operating device for outputting operating signals for operating the work implement, the work machine comprising:
a GNSS receiving device mounted on the machine body for acquiring positional information of the work machine; at least one magnetic field generating device fixed to the machine body at a predetermined position, for generating a magnetic field signal including a magnetic field ID for identifying a source for generating the magnetic field signal; a tag information receiving device for receiving a radio-wave signal sent from at least one worker tag carried by the operator of the work machine and a worker working outside of the work machine and having a GNSS receiving section for acquiring positional information of the worker tag, the worker tag being responsive to the magnetic field signal generated by the magnetic field generating device for sending the radio-wave signal that includes at least the magnetic field ID included in the received magnetic field signal, a tag ID for allowing the worker tag that has received the magnetic field signal to identify itself, and positional information of the worker tag; a tag detecting device controller for controlling the magnetic field generating device with a detection command, acquiring information included in the radio-wave signal received by the tag information receiving device, and outputting the acquired information as detected tag information; and a controller for determining a detection target area where a position of a worker tag with respect to the work machine is a detection target, and a proximity notification target area where proximity of a worker tag is a proximity notification target in the detection target area, calculating the position of a worker tag based on the positional information of the work machine, the positional information of the worker tag, the detected tag information acquired by the tag detecting device control section, and the detection target area, and generating a notification command and outputting the generated notification command to a notification device to notify the operator of the work machine of the detection of the worker tag in case the worker tag is detected in the proximity notification target area. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine using the positional information of the work machine acquired by the GNSS receiving device and the positional information of the worker tag included in the detected tag information output from the tag detecting device control section, evaluates the likelihood of the position of the worker tag on a basis of the detection target area, and calculates the position of the worker tag on a basis of an evaluated result. 3. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein
the worker tag sends a radio-wave signal including positioning quality information representing an index of accuracy and reliability of the positional information of the worker tag acquired by the GNSS receiving section, in addition to the magnetic field ID included in the received magnetic field signal, the tag ID for allowing the worker tag that has received the magnetic field signal to identify itself, and the positional information of the worker tag, the tag detecting device control section acquires information including at least the tag ID, the positional information of the worker tag, the magnetic field ID, and the positioning quality information, as information included in the radio-wave signal received by the tag information receiving device, and outputs the acquired information as the detected tag information, and the GNSS receiving device outputs, in addition to the positional information of the work machine, the positioning quality information representing the index of the accuracy and the reliability of the positional information of the work machine acquired by the GNSS receiving section. 4. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein
in case the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine is within the detection target area, the controller decides that the likelihood of the position of the worker tag is high and outputs the position of the worker tag as a worker presence area, in case the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine is outside of the detection target area, the controller decides that the likelihood of the position of the worker tag is low and outputs the detection target area as the worker presence area, and in case it is decided that at least one of the GNSS receiving device and the GNSS receiving section of the worker tag has not acquired positional information from the positional information of the work machine that is output from the GNSS receiving device and the positional information of the worker tag included in the detected tag information that is acquired by the tag detecting device control section, the controller uses the detection target rea as the worker presence area. 5. The work machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
an operation state detecting device for detecting a working state of the work machine, wherein the controller determines the detection target area and the proximity notification target area on a basis of a detected result from the operation state detecting device, and outputs the detection command including information of the detection target area to the tag detecting device control section, and generates the notification command according to the detected result from the operation state detecting device and outputs the notification command to the notification device. 6. The work machine according to claim 5, wherein
the machine body has a lower track structure and an upper swing structure swingably mounted on the lower track structure, the multi-joint work implement having a proximal end mounted on the upper swing structure, the operation state detecting device includes
a posture sensor for detecting a posture of the work implement, and
a machine operation state sensor that detects an operation state of the work machine, and
the controller,
calculates a turning radius that represents distance from a center of swinging motion of the upper swing structure of the work machine with respect to the lower track structure to a farthest end of the work implement,
determines the operation state of the work machine on a basis of a detected result from the operation state detecting device, and
determines the detection target area and the proximity notification target area using the calculated turning radius and the determined operation state of the work machine. 7. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the notification device includes
a display device for indicating the position of the worker tag and the proximity thereof to the work machine through visual information on a basis of a display command as one type of the notification command, and
an alerting device for indicating the proximity of the worker tag to the work machine through audio information on a basis of an alert command as another type of the notification command, and
the controller generates the display command for displaying the detection target area and the position of the worker tag and outputs the display command to the display device, and generates and outputs the alert command to the alerting device in case the worker tag is present in the proximity notification target area. | An operator of a hydraulic excavator and a worker working outside of the hydraulic excavator carry a worker tag that sends a radio-wave signal including a magnetic field ID, a tag ID, and positional information obtained by a GNSS receiving section in case the worker tag receives a magnetic field signal generated by a magnetic field detecting device mounted on the hydraulic excavator. Based on positional information of the hydraulic excavator that is obtained from an GNSS receiving device and positional information of the worker tag, the position of the worker tag is calculated. In case the worker tag is detected in a proximity notification target area, a notification command is generated for notifying the operator of the hydraulic excavator of the detection of the worker tag, and output to a notification device in the cabin of the hydraulic excavator. Thus, a worker who is in proximity to the work machine is accurately detected, and the operator is prevented from being excessively alerted.1. A work machine having a machine body with a propulsive device, a multi-joint work implement mounted on the machine body and including a plurality of front members that are angularly movably interconnected, and an operating device for outputting operating signals for operating the work implement, the work machine comprising:
a GNSS receiving device mounted on the machine body for acquiring positional information of the work machine; at least one magnetic field generating device fixed to the machine body at a predetermined position, for generating a magnetic field signal including a magnetic field ID for identifying a source for generating the magnetic field signal; a tag information receiving device for receiving a radio-wave signal sent from at least one worker tag carried by the operator of the work machine and a worker working outside of the work machine and having a GNSS receiving section for acquiring positional information of the worker tag, the worker tag being responsive to the magnetic field signal generated by the magnetic field generating device for sending the radio-wave signal that includes at least the magnetic field ID included in the received magnetic field signal, a tag ID for allowing the worker tag that has received the magnetic field signal to identify itself, and positional information of the worker tag; a tag detecting device controller for controlling the magnetic field generating device with a detection command, acquiring information included in the radio-wave signal received by the tag information receiving device, and outputting the acquired information as detected tag information; and a controller for determining a detection target area where a position of a worker tag with respect to the work machine is a detection target, and a proximity notification target area where proximity of a worker tag is a proximity notification target in the detection target area, calculating the position of a worker tag based on the positional information of the work machine, the positional information of the worker tag, the detected tag information acquired by the tag detecting device control section, and the detection target area, and generating a notification command and outputting the generated notification command to a notification device to notify the operator of the work machine of the detection of the worker tag in case the worker tag is detected in the proximity notification target area. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine using the positional information of the work machine acquired by the GNSS receiving device and the positional information of the worker tag included in the detected tag information output from the tag detecting device control section, evaluates the likelihood of the position of the worker tag on a basis of the detection target area, and calculates the position of the worker tag on a basis of an evaluated result. 3. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein
the worker tag sends a radio-wave signal including positioning quality information representing an index of accuracy and reliability of the positional information of the worker tag acquired by the GNSS receiving section, in addition to the magnetic field ID included in the received magnetic field signal, the tag ID for allowing the worker tag that has received the magnetic field signal to identify itself, and the positional information of the worker tag, the tag detecting device control section acquires information including at least the tag ID, the positional information of the worker tag, the magnetic field ID, and the positioning quality information, as information included in the radio-wave signal received by the tag information receiving device, and outputs the acquired information as the detected tag information, and the GNSS receiving device outputs, in addition to the positional information of the work machine, the positioning quality information representing the index of the accuracy and the reliability of the positional information of the work machine acquired by the GNSS receiving section. 4. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein
in case the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine is within the detection target area, the controller decides that the likelihood of the position of the worker tag is high and outputs the position of the worker tag as a worker presence area, in case the position of the worker tag with respect to the work machine is outside of the detection target area, the controller decides that the likelihood of the position of the worker tag is low and outputs the detection target area as the worker presence area, and in case it is decided that at least one of the GNSS receiving device and the GNSS receiving section of the worker tag has not acquired positional information from the positional information of the work machine that is output from the GNSS receiving device and the positional information of the worker tag included in the detected tag information that is acquired by the tag detecting device control section, the controller uses the detection target rea as the worker presence area. 5. The work machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
an operation state detecting device for detecting a working state of the work machine, wherein the controller determines the detection target area and the proximity notification target area on a basis of a detected result from the operation state detecting device, and outputs the detection command including information of the detection target area to the tag detecting device control section, and generates the notification command according to the detected result from the operation state detecting device and outputs the notification command to the notification device. 6. The work machine according to claim 5, wherein
the machine body has a lower track structure and an upper swing structure swingably mounted on the lower track structure, the multi-joint work implement having a proximal end mounted on the upper swing structure, the operation state detecting device includes
a posture sensor for detecting a posture of the work implement, and
a machine operation state sensor that detects an operation state of the work machine, and
the controller,
calculates a turning radius that represents distance from a center of swinging motion of the upper swing structure of the work machine with respect to the lower track structure to a farthest end of the work implement,
determines the operation state of the work machine on a basis of a detected result from the operation state detecting device, and
determines the detection target area and the proximity notification target area using the calculated turning radius and the determined operation state of the work machine. 7. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the notification device includes
a display device for indicating the position of the worker tag and the proximity thereof to the work machine through visual information on a basis of a display command as one type of the notification command, and
an alerting device for indicating the proximity of the worker tag to the work machine through audio information on a basis of an alert command as another type of the notification command, and
the controller generates the display command for displaying the detection target area and the position of the worker tag and outputs the display command to the display device, and generates and outputs the alert command to the alerting device in case the worker tag is present in the proximity notification target area. | 1,600 |
338,670 | 16,641,686 | 1,629 | A system for effectively removing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) from wastewater has integrated multiple physiochemical and biological treatment processes into one unit. This system includes a primary DAF unit, anoxic bio-media treatment zone, and a secondary DAF unit. The bio-media treatment zones may be used to remove BOD and TN and may be divided into a number of functional zones. Each functional zone can develop and accumulate optimized bacteria species and microorganisms based on incoming wastewater BOD and nutrient levels. | 1. A system comprising:
a central column configured to receive wastewater; a primary dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit in fluid communication with the central column, such that the central column effluent may be received and treated by the primary DAF unit; an anoxic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the primary DAF unit, such that primary DAF unit effluent may be received and treated by the anoxic bio-media reactor zone; a first aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the anoxic bio-media reactor zone, such that anoxic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone; a second aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that first aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone; a third aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that second aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone; and a secondary DAF unit in fluid communication with the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that third aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the secondary DAF unit. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the central column and the primary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the primary DAF unit effluent; and wherein the central column includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the primary DAF unit effluent with the wastewater. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the primary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the primary DAF unit effluent; and wherein the primary DAF unit includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the primary DAF unit effluent with the wastewater. 4. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a weir tank in fluid communication with the secondary DAF unit for receiving treated effluent from the secondary DAF unit, and for controlling the system fluid level. 5. The system as recited in claim 4, further comprising
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the weir tank and the secondary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the treated unit effluent; and wherein the secondary DAF unit includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the treated effluent with the third aerobic bio-media reactor effluent. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a blower system to provide air to the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone, the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone, and the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone. 7. The system as recited in claim 6, wherein:
the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one first coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone; the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one second coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone; and the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one third coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone. 8. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a scum collection assembly mounted over the primary DAF unit and the secondary DAF unit, the scum collection assembly including:
a drive motor for rotating the scum collection assembly; a primary scum scraper mounting arm; a secondary scum scraper mounting arm; a primary scraper mounted to the bottom of the primary scum scraper mounting arm, the primary scraper mounted to push floated particles on a surface of the primary DAF unit into a scum collection chute; and a secondary scraper mounted to the bottom of the secondary scum scraper mounting arm, the secondary scraper mounted to push the floated particles on a surface of the secondary DAF unit into the scum collection chute. 9. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising an internal recycle pump to recycle a portion of the third stage aerobic bio-media reactor effluent into the anoxic bio-media reactor zone. 10. A bio dissolved air flotation system (DAF) system comprising:
a central column configured to receive wastewater and first fluid having dissolved gases, the wastewater to mix with the fluid in the central column; a primary DAF unit to receive central column effluent and a second fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the first fluid and the second fluid to form microbubbles within the primary DAF unit; a bio-media treatment unit to receive primary DAF unit effluent and to treat the primary DAF unit effluent using at least one bacteria species; and a secondary DAF unit to receive bio-media reactor effluent and a third fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the third fluid to form microbubbles within the secondary DAF unit. 11. The system as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
a primary gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve the gases in the first fluid and the second fluid; and a secondary gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve the gases in the third fluid. 12. The system as recited in claim 10, wherein:
the primary DAF unit is formed as a single substantially circular ring and positioned physically adjacent to and around the central column; and the secondary DAF unit is formed as a single substantially circular ring and positioned physically adjacent to and around the primary DAF unit. 13. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the bio-media treatment unit is substantially circular and positioned physically adjacent to and around the secondary DAF unit. 14. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the bio-media treatment unit is divided into four zones by four partition walls. 15. The system as recited in claim 10, wherein the bio-media treatment unit comprises:
an anoxic bio-media reactor to receive primary DAF unit effluent, the first aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate first bacteria species; a first aerobic bio-media reactor to receive anoxic bio-media reactor effluent and air from a blower, the first aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate second bacteria species; a second aerobic bio-media reactor to receive first aerobic bio-media reactor effluent and air from the blower, the second aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate third bacteria species; and a third aerobic bio-media reactor to receive second aerobic bio-media reactor effluent and air from the blower, the third aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate fourth bacteria species. 16. A bio dissolved air flotation system (DAF) system comprising:
a substantially circular primary DAF unit to receive wastewater and a first fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the first fluid to form microbubbles within the substantially circular primary DAF unit, the microbubbles to cause fats, oils and grease to buoy up to a surface of the substantially circular primary DAF unit; a substantially circular bio-media treatment unit in fluid communication with the substantially circular primary DAF unit to receive primary DAF unit effluent, the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit including one or more zones to treat the primary DAF unit effluent using bacteria species; and a substantially circular secondary DAF unit in fluid communication with the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit to receive bio-media reactor effluent and a second fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the second fluid to form microbubbles within the substantially circular secondary DAF unit to cause remaining biomass to buoy up to a surface of the substantially circular secondary DAF unit, the substantially circular secondary DAF unit positioned between an exterior wall of the substantially circular primary DAF unit and an interior wall of the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising a central column configured to receive wastewater via an inlet pipe, the central column in fluid communication with the substantially circular primary DAF unit, the circular primary DAF unit positioned physically around the central column. 18. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit is partitioned into four zones, the zones comprising:
an anoxic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate first bacteria species; a first aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate second bacteria species; a second aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate third bacteria species; and a third aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate fourth bacteria species. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein each of the four zones are substantially triangular. 20. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising a scum collection assembly mounted over the substantially circular primary DAF unit and the substantially circular secondary DAF unit, the scum collection assembly including:
a drive motor for rotating the scum collection assembly; a primary scum scraper mounting arm; a secondary scum scraper mounting arm; a primary scraper mounted to the bottom of the primary scum scraper mounting arm, the primary scraper mounted to push the floated fats, oil, and grease on the surface of the substantially circular primary DAF unit into a scum collection chute; and a secondary scraper mounted to the bottom of the secondary scum scraper mounting arm, the secondary scraper mounted to push the floated fats, oil, and grease on the surface of the substantially circular secondary DAF unit into the scum collection chute. | A system for effectively removing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) from wastewater has integrated multiple physiochemical and biological treatment processes into one unit. This system includes a primary DAF unit, anoxic bio-media treatment zone, and a secondary DAF unit. The bio-media treatment zones may be used to remove BOD and TN and may be divided into a number of functional zones. Each functional zone can develop and accumulate optimized bacteria species and microorganisms based on incoming wastewater BOD and nutrient levels.1. A system comprising:
a central column configured to receive wastewater; a primary dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit in fluid communication with the central column, such that the central column effluent may be received and treated by the primary DAF unit; an anoxic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the primary DAF unit, such that primary DAF unit effluent may be received and treated by the anoxic bio-media reactor zone; a first aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the anoxic bio-media reactor zone, such that anoxic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone; a second aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that first aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone; a third aerobic bio-media reactor zone in fluid communication with the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that second aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone; and a secondary DAF unit in fluid communication with the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone, such that third aerobic bio-media reactor effluent may be received and treated by the secondary DAF unit. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the central column and the primary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the primary DAF unit effluent; and wherein the central column includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the primary DAF unit effluent with the wastewater. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the primary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the primary DAF unit effluent; and wherein the primary DAF unit includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the primary DAF unit effluent with the wastewater. 4. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a weir tank in fluid communication with the secondary DAF unit for receiving treated effluent from the secondary DAF unit, and for controlling the system fluid level. 5. The system as recited in claim 4, further comprising
a gaseous material dissolving system in fluid communication with the weir tank and the secondary DAF unit, the gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve gases into a portion of the treated unit effluent; and wherein the secondary DAF unit includes at least one diffuser for mixing the portion of the treated effluent with the third aerobic bio-media reactor effluent. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a blower system to provide air to the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone, the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone, and the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone. 7. The system as recited in claim 6, wherein:
the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one first coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the first aerobic bio-media reactor zone; the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one second coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the second aerobic bio-media reactor zone; and the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone includes at least one third coarse air diffuser to distribute the air into the third aerobic bio-media reactor zone. 8. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a scum collection assembly mounted over the primary DAF unit and the secondary DAF unit, the scum collection assembly including:
a drive motor for rotating the scum collection assembly; a primary scum scraper mounting arm; a secondary scum scraper mounting arm; a primary scraper mounted to the bottom of the primary scum scraper mounting arm, the primary scraper mounted to push floated particles on a surface of the primary DAF unit into a scum collection chute; and a secondary scraper mounted to the bottom of the secondary scum scraper mounting arm, the secondary scraper mounted to push the floated particles on a surface of the secondary DAF unit into the scum collection chute. 9. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising an internal recycle pump to recycle a portion of the third stage aerobic bio-media reactor effluent into the anoxic bio-media reactor zone. 10. A bio dissolved air flotation system (DAF) system comprising:
a central column configured to receive wastewater and first fluid having dissolved gases, the wastewater to mix with the fluid in the central column; a primary DAF unit to receive central column effluent and a second fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the first fluid and the second fluid to form microbubbles within the primary DAF unit; a bio-media treatment unit to receive primary DAF unit effluent and to treat the primary DAF unit effluent using at least one bacteria species; and a secondary DAF unit to receive bio-media reactor effluent and a third fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the third fluid to form microbubbles within the secondary DAF unit. 11. The system as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
a primary gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve the gases in the first fluid and the second fluid; and a secondary gaseous material dissolving system to dissolve the gases in the third fluid. 12. The system as recited in claim 10, wherein:
the primary DAF unit is formed as a single substantially circular ring and positioned physically adjacent to and around the central column; and the secondary DAF unit is formed as a single substantially circular ring and positioned physically adjacent to and around the primary DAF unit. 13. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the bio-media treatment unit is substantially circular and positioned physically adjacent to and around the secondary DAF unit. 14. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the bio-media treatment unit is divided into four zones by four partition walls. 15. The system as recited in claim 10, wherein the bio-media treatment unit comprises:
an anoxic bio-media reactor to receive primary DAF unit effluent, the first aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate first bacteria species; a first aerobic bio-media reactor to receive anoxic bio-media reactor effluent and air from a blower, the first aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate second bacteria species; a second aerobic bio-media reactor to receive first aerobic bio-media reactor effluent and air from the blower, the second aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate third bacteria species; and a third aerobic bio-media reactor to receive second aerobic bio-media reactor effluent and air from the blower, the third aerobic bio-media reactor configured to cultivate fourth bacteria species. 16. A bio dissolved air flotation system (DAF) system comprising:
a substantially circular primary DAF unit to receive wastewater and a first fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the first fluid to form microbubbles within the substantially circular primary DAF unit, the microbubbles to cause fats, oils and grease to buoy up to a surface of the substantially circular primary DAF unit; a substantially circular bio-media treatment unit in fluid communication with the substantially circular primary DAF unit to receive primary DAF unit effluent, the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit including one or more zones to treat the primary DAF unit effluent using bacteria species; and a substantially circular secondary DAF unit in fluid communication with the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit to receive bio-media reactor effluent and a second fluid having dissolved gases, the dissolved gases in the second fluid to form microbubbles within the substantially circular secondary DAF unit to cause remaining biomass to buoy up to a surface of the substantially circular secondary DAF unit, the substantially circular secondary DAF unit positioned between an exterior wall of the substantially circular primary DAF unit and an interior wall of the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising a central column configured to receive wastewater via an inlet pipe, the central column in fluid communication with the substantially circular primary DAF unit, the circular primary DAF unit positioned physically around the central column. 18. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the substantially circular bio-media treatment unit is partitioned into four zones, the zones comprising:
an anoxic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate first bacteria species; a first aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate second bacteria species; a second aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate third bacteria species; and a third aerobic bio-media reactor zone to cultivate fourth bacteria species. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein each of the four zones are substantially triangular. 20. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising a scum collection assembly mounted over the substantially circular primary DAF unit and the substantially circular secondary DAF unit, the scum collection assembly including:
a drive motor for rotating the scum collection assembly; a primary scum scraper mounting arm; a secondary scum scraper mounting arm; a primary scraper mounted to the bottom of the primary scum scraper mounting arm, the primary scraper mounted to push the floated fats, oil, and grease on the surface of the substantially circular primary DAF unit into a scum collection chute; and a secondary scraper mounted to the bottom of the secondary scum scraper mounting arm, the secondary scraper mounted to push the floated fats, oil, and grease on the surface of the substantially circular secondary DAF unit into the scum collection chute. | 1,600 |
338,671 | 16,641,690 | 1,629 | The present technology relates to an information processor, an information processing method, and a program that are able to convey information with a higher reliability. An information processor according to an aspect of the present technology generates a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person, and outputs information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. The present technology is applicable to an agent apparatus that assists an action of a user. | 1. An information processor comprising:
a generator that generates a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and an output controller that outputs information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. 2. The information processor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a task manager that manages a task inputted by a predetermined user; and a controller that selects, among a plurality of the conveyance routes, the conveyance route including, as the node of the conveyance destination, an executor of the task, wherein the output controller outputs information regarding the task along the selected conveyance route. 3. The information processor according to claim 2, further comprising an information manager that manages information regarding the device owned by each of users,
wherein the generator generates the conveyance route on a basis of the information managed by the information manager. 4. The information processor according to claim 3, further comprising a predictor that predicts a location of each of users,
wherein the generator generates the conveyance route on a basis of a location of a user. 5. The information processor according to claim 4, wherein the generator updates the conveyance route in accordance with a situation of each of users including a location that has been predicted. 6. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein
the task manager manages information that indicates achievability of the task on a basis of a situation of a user selected as the executor of the task, and the controller switches the executor of the task to another user on a basis of the information that indicates the achievability and selects the conveyance route including, as the node of the conveyance destination, the executor of the task having been switched to. 7. The information processor according to claim 6, wherein the controller switches the executor of the task to the other user in a case where a value that represents the achievability managed by the task manager falls below a threshold. 8. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein
the controller selects an output scheme in accordance with at least one of a situation or attributes of the person corresponding to the transit node, and the output controller outputs the information that indicates the conveyance content in accordance with the output scheme that has been selected. 9. The information processor according to claim 8, wherein the controller selects output by voice as the output scheme in a case where the person corresponding to the transit node is in same space as the information processor is installed. 10. The information processor according to claim 8, wherein the controller selects output by voice as the output scheme in a case where the person corresponding to the transit node is younger than a predetermined age. 11. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein the task manager verifies validity of executing the task that has been inputted, on a basis of information regarding a past situation or on a basis of information corresponding to a criterion for determination set in advance. 12. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein the task manager manages the task inputted by voice or the task inputted using text data. 13. An information processing method performed by an information processor, the method comprising:
generating a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and outputting information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. 14. A program that enables a computer to execute a process, the process including:
generating a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and outputting information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. | The present technology relates to an information processor, an information processing method, and a program that are able to convey information with a higher reliability. An information processor according to an aspect of the present technology generates a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person, and outputs information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. The present technology is applicable to an agent apparatus that assists an action of a user.1. An information processor comprising:
a generator that generates a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and an output controller that outputs information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. 2. The information processor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a task manager that manages a task inputted by a predetermined user; and a controller that selects, among a plurality of the conveyance routes, the conveyance route including, as the node of the conveyance destination, an executor of the task, wherein the output controller outputs information regarding the task along the selected conveyance route. 3. The information processor according to claim 2, further comprising an information manager that manages information regarding the device owned by each of users,
wherein the generator generates the conveyance route on a basis of the information managed by the information manager. 4. The information processor according to claim 3, further comprising a predictor that predicts a location of each of users,
wherein the generator generates the conveyance route on a basis of a location of a user. 5. The information processor according to claim 4, wherein the generator updates the conveyance route in accordance with a situation of each of users including a location that has been predicted. 6. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein
the task manager manages information that indicates achievability of the task on a basis of a situation of a user selected as the executor of the task, and the controller switches the executor of the task to another user on a basis of the information that indicates the achievability and selects the conveyance route including, as the node of the conveyance destination, the executor of the task having been switched to. 7. The information processor according to claim 6, wherein the controller switches the executor of the task to the other user in a case where a value that represents the achievability managed by the task manager falls below a threshold. 8. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein
the controller selects an output scheme in accordance with at least one of a situation or attributes of the person corresponding to the transit node, and the output controller outputs the information that indicates the conveyance content in accordance with the output scheme that has been selected. 9. The information processor according to claim 8, wherein the controller selects output by voice as the output scheme in a case where the person corresponding to the transit node is in same space as the information processor is installed. 10. The information processor according to claim 8, wherein the controller selects output by voice as the output scheme in a case where the person corresponding to the transit node is younger than a predetermined age. 11. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein the task manager verifies validity of executing the task that has been inputted, on a basis of information regarding a past situation or on a basis of information corresponding to a criterion for determination set in advance. 12. The information processor according to claim 2, wherein the task manager manages the task inputted by voice or the task inputted using text data. 13. An information processing method performed by an information processor, the method comprising:
generating a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and outputting information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. 14. A program that enables a computer to execute a process, the process including:
generating a conveyance route as a route to a node of a conveyance destination, the conveyance route including, as transit nodes, a node of a device and a node of a person; and outputting information that indicates a conveyance content along the conveyance route. | 1,600 |
338,672 | 16,641,731 | 1,629 | The present application provides a beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages to a consumer. The beverage dispenser may include a graphical user interface for the consumer to make a beverage selection, a nozzle to dispense the beverage selection, and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer without individually identifying the consumer. | 1. A beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages to a consumer, comprising:
a graphical user interface for the consumer to make a beverage selection; a nozzle to dispense the beverage selection; and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer without individually identifying the consumer. 2. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the consumer demographic identification system comprises a characteristic recognition system. 3. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises one or more sensors. 4. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise one or more cameras. 5. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a plurality of cameras. 6. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise cameras, optical sensors, RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging), IR (Infrared), NIR (Near Infrared), or RF (Radiofrequency). 7. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises a facial recognition module in communication with a database. 8. The beverage dispenser of claim 7, wherein the one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer are entered in an order record stored in the database. 9. The beverage dispenser of claim 8, wherein the beverage selection is entered in the order record stored in the database. 10. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises one or more facial recognition algorithms. 11. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the beverage dispenser comprises a processor and a network connection. 12. The beverage dispenser of claim 11, wherein beverage dispenser is in communication with a network via the network connection. 13. The beverage dispenser of claim 11, wherein the processor applies machine-learning techniques. 14. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface promotes a beverage selection based on the one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer. 15. A method of operating a beverage dispenser providing a number of different beverages to a consumer, comprising:
sensing physical characteristics of the consumer; matching those physical characteristic of the consumer with demographic characteristics; promoting a beverage selection to the consumer based upon the matched demographic characteristics; and providing a beverage to the consumer. 16. A beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages, comprising:
a dispensing area to dispense the beverage; and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of a user; the consumer demographic identification system comprises one or more sensors and a database. 17. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a crew access system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized crew members. 18. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a pour control system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized users and authorized dispensing parameters. 19. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a consumer loyalty system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized users and loyalty data an authorized user. 20. The beverage dispensing system of claim 19, wherein the consumer loyalty system provides rewards at the dispenser based on the loyalty data of the authorized user. | The present application provides a beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages to a consumer. The beverage dispenser may include a graphical user interface for the consumer to make a beverage selection, a nozzle to dispense the beverage selection, and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer without individually identifying the consumer.1. A beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages to a consumer, comprising:
a graphical user interface for the consumer to make a beverage selection; a nozzle to dispense the beverage selection; and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer without individually identifying the consumer. 2. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the consumer demographic identification system comprises a characteristic recognition system. 3. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises one or more sensors. 4. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise one or more cameras. 5. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a plurality of cameras. 6. The beverage dispenser of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensors comprise cameras, optical sensors, RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging), IR (Infrared), NIR (Near Infrared), or RF (Radiofrequency). 7. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises a facial recognition module in communication with a database. 8. The beverage dispenser of claim 7, wherein the one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer are entered in an order record stored in the database. 9. The beverage dispenser of claim 8, wherein the beverage selection is entered in the order record stored in the database. 10. The beverage dispenser of claim 2, wherein the characteristic recognition system comprises one or more facial recognition algorithms. 11. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the beverage dispenser comprises a processor and a network connection. 12. The beverage dispenser of claim 11, wherein beverage dispenser is in communication with a network via the network connection. 13. The beverage dispenser of claim 11, wherein the processor applies machine-learning techniques. 14. The beverage dispenser of claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface promotes a beverage selection based on the one or more demographic characteristics of the consumer. 15. A method of operating a beverage dispenser providing a number of different beverages to a consumer, comprising:
sensing physical characteristics of the consumer; matching those physical characteristic of the consumer with demographic characteristics; promoting a beverage selection to the consumer based upon the matched demographic characteristics; and providing a beverage to the consumer. 16. A beverage dispenser for dispensing a number of different beverages, comprising:
a dispensing area to dispense the beverage; and a consumer demographic identification system to determine one or more demographic characteristics of a user; the consumer demographic identification system comprises one or more sensors and a database. 17. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a crew access system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized crew members. 18. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a pour control system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized users and authorized dispensing parameters. 19. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising a consumer loyalty system in communication with the consumer demographic identification system to identify authorized users and loyalty data an authorized user. 20. The beverage dispensing system of claim 19, wherein the consumer loyalty system provides rewards at the dispenser based on the loyalty data of the authorized user. | 1,600 |
338,673 | 16,641,692 | 1,629 | The disclosure describes techniques for detecting a crack or defect in a material. A computing device may determine whether a tested material includes a crack or other defect based on a temperature-scaled control data set and a measurement data set. | 1. A method of verifying structural integrity comprising:
determining, by a computing device, a temperature-scaled control data set (Dts) based on a measurement temperature (Tm) associated with a measurement data set (Dm), wherein the measurement data set is associated with a tested material and comprises a plurality of values representative of electrical parameters of the tested material; generating, by the computing device, comparisons of respective values of the measurement data set to corresponding respective values of the temperature-scaled control data set (Dts); and determining, by the computing device, whether the tested material includes a crack or defect based on the comparisons; wherein determining the temperature-scaled control data set comprises: determining, by the computing device, the temperature-scaled control data set (Dts) based on: the measurement temperature (Tm), a first control data set (Dc1) associated with a first control temperature, a second control data set (Dc2) associated with a second control temperature, the first control temperature (Tc1), and the second control temperature (Tc2); 2-3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, the scaling factor using a linear combination based on the measurement temperature, the first control temperature, and the second control temperature according to the formula 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, the scaling factor using a polynomial combination based on the measurement temperature, the first control temperature, and the second control temperature according to the formula
F=A*T m 2 +B*T m +C,
where A, B, and C are experimentally derived constants determined by fitting a polynomial curve to experimental data of conductivity of the tested material versus temperature, wherein the electrical parameter is conductivity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, for each respective electrical contact of a plurality of electrical contacts electrically coupled to the tested material, a respective measurement electrical parameter associated with the measurement temperature, wherein the measurement data set comprises the respective measurement electrical parameters, and wherein the first control data set comprises corresponding respective first control electrical parameters associated with the first control temperature and the second control data set comprises corresponding respective second control electrical parameters associated with the second control temperature. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the respective measurement electrical parameters, the corresponding respective first control electrical parameters, and the corresponding respective second control electrical parameters comprise at least one of respective voltage values or respective electrical impedance values. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, for each respective measurement electrical contact electrically coupled to the tested material, the respective measurement electrical parameter comprises:
controlling, by the computing device, an electrical signal source to output an electrical signal to at least one drive electrical contact, wherein the at least one drive electrical contact is selected from the plurality of electrical contacts electrically coupled to the tested material; and determining, by the computing device, for each respective measurement electrical contact, a respective measurement electrical parameter in response to the electrical signal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrical signal comprises a voltage signal or a current signal. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, for each respective measurement electrical contact electrically coupled to the tested material, the respective measurement electrical parameter comprises:
controlling, by the computing device, an electrical signal source to output an electrical signal to at least one inductor adjacent to the tested material, wherein the inductor is a planar coil; and determining, by the computing device, for each respective measurement electrical contact, a respective measurement electrical parameter in response to the electrical signal. 11-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises an electrically conductive or electrically semiconductive material. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises a ceramic. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises a multilayer material comprising at least one layer comprising a ceramic. 19-42. (canceled) | The disclosure describes techniques for detecting a crack or defect in a material. A computing device may determine whether a tested material includes a crack or other defect based on a temperature-scaled control data set and a measurement data set.1. A method of verifying structural integrity comprising:
determining, by a computing device, a temperature-scaled control data set (Dts) based on a measurement temperature (Tm) associated with a measurement data set (Dm), wherein the measurement data set is associated with a tested material and comprises a plurality of values representative of electrical parameters of the tested material; generating, by the computing device, comparisons of respective values of the measurement data set to corresponding respective values of the temperature-scaled control data set (Dts); and determining, by the computing device, whether the tested material includes a crack or defect based on the comparisons; wherein determining the temperature-scaled control data set comprises: determining, by the computing device, the temperature-scaled control data set (Dts) based on: the measurement temperature (Tm), a first control data set (Dc1) associated with a first control temperature, a second control data set (Dc2) associated with a second control temperature, the first control temperature (Tc1), and the second control temperature (Tc2); 2-3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, the scaling factor using a linear combination based on the measurement temperature, the first control temperature, and the second control temperature according to the formula 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, the scaling factor using a polynomial combination based on the measurement temperature, the first control temperature, and the second control temperature according to the formula
F=A*T m 2 +B*T m +C,
where A, B, and C are experimentally derived constants determined by fitting a polynomial curve to experimental data of conductivity of the tested material versus temperature, wherein the electrical parameter is conductivity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, for each respective electrical contact of a plurality of electrical contacts electrically coupled to the tested material, a respective measurement electrical parameter associated with the measurement temperature, wherein the measurement data set comprises the respective measurement electrical parameters, and wherein the first control data set comprises corresponding respective first control electrical parameters associated with the first control temperature and the second control data set comprises corresponding respective second control electrical parameters associated with the second control temperature. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the respective measurement electrical parameters, the corresponding respective first control electrical parameters, and the corresponding respective second control electrical parameters comprise at least one of respective voltage values or respective electrical impedance values. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, for each respective measurement electrical contact electrically coupled to the tested material, the respective measurement electrical parameter comprises:
controlling, by the computing device, an electrical signal source to output an electrical signal to at least one drive electrical contact, wherein the at least one drive electrical contact is selected from the plurality of electrical contacts electrically coupled to the tested material; and determining, by the computing device, for each respective measurement electrical contact, a respective measurement electrical parameter in response to the electrical signal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrical signal comprises a voltage signal or a current signal. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, for each respective measurement electrical contact electrically coupled to the tested material, the respective measurement electrical parameter comprises:
controlling, by the computing device, an electrical signal source to output an electrical signal to at least one inductor adjacent to the tested material, wherein the inductor is a planar coil; and determining, by the computing device, for each respective measurement electrical contact, a respective measurement electrical parameter in response to the electrical signal. 11-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises an electrically conductive or electrically semiconductive material. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises a ceramic. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the tested material comprises a multilayer material comprising at least one layer comprising a ceramic. 19-42. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,674 | 16,641,727 | 1,629 | A method for providing data for selectively irradiating a powder layer in additive production, the method includes: providing a predefined component geometry for a component; dividing the component geometry into at least one first component layer and an overlying second component layer for additive production, wherein a contour of the second component layer is incongruent with a contour of the first component layer; and continuously defining at least one production parameter for additively producing the second component layer in region of a molten bath of a contour of the first component layer. A corresponding component is produced and a computer program product implements the method. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing data for the selective irradiation of a powder layer in additive production, comprising:
a) providing a predefined component geometry for a component, b) subdividing the component geometry into at least a first component layer and a second component layer lying thereon for the additive production, a contour (B) of the second component layer being nonidentical to a contour (A) of the first component layer, c) continuously defining at least one production parameter for additive production of the second component layer in the region of a melt bath of a contour (A) of the first component layer, the production parameter denoting a geometry of a contour irradiation pattern for the additive production of the component. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the production parameter denotes at least one irradiation parameter for the additive production of the component, comprising a parameter selected from: radiation intensity, energy density, radiation power, radiation power density, irradiation wavelength. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
the continuous definition of a multiplicity of production parameters, comprising at least one parameter selected from: thermal input, melt bath width, beam offset, irradiation speed, size of a beam cross section on the powder bed, irradiation angle, flow rate or flow speed of a protective gas flow, states of gas valves regulating the protective gas flow, ambient pressure, alloy composition of a powder. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the second component layer comprises a region overhanging beyond the first component layer. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4,
wherein overhang production parameters, differing from a standard production parameter set, are assigned to the overhanging region. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the second component layer comprises a supported region, which lies inside the contour (A) of the first component layer and is separated therefrom. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6,
wherein support production parameters, differing from a standard production parameter set, are assigned to the supported region. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the component geometry is subdivided into a multiplicity of component layers arranged above one another, and wherein production parameters of at least some of these component layers are defined continuously in the region of a melt bath of a contour of a respectively underlying component layer. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the method comprises a CAM method for preparing the additive production of the component. 10. A method for the additive production of a component from a powder bed, comprising:
implementing the method as claimed in claim 1 to provide data for the selective irradiation of a powder layer in additive production, irradiating the component with an energy beam, and additively producing the component, according to the continuously defined production parameters. 11. A component produced according to the method as claimed in claim 10, comprising, in comparison with a component of the prior art, a lower density of defects, crack centers and/or a lower likelihood of the formation of defects or hot cracks. 12. A computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising:
the data for the selective irradiation of the powder layer, which are provided by the method as claimed in claim 1. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising:
computer instructions stored thereon which, when run by a data processing device, cause the data processing device to carry out the method as claimed in claim 1. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
additively producing the component by selectively irradiating the powder layer. 15. The method as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the component geometry is subdivided into between 1000 and 10000 component layers. | A method for providing data for selectively irradiating a powder layer in additive production, the method includes: providing a predefined component geometry for a component; dividing the component geometry into at least one first component layer and an overlying second component layer for additive production, wherein a contour of the second component layer is incongruent with a contour of the first component layer; and continuously defining at least one production parameter for additively producing the second component layer in region of a molten bath of a contour of the first component layer. A corresponding component is produced and a computer program product implements the method.1. A computer-implemented method for providing data for the selective irradiation of a powder layer in additive production, comprising:
a) providing a predefined component geometry for a component, b) subdividing the component geometry into at least a first component layer and a second component layer lying thereon for the additive production, a contour (B) of the second component layer being nonidentical to a contour (A) of the first component layer, c) continuously defining at least one production parameter for additive production of the second component layer in the region of a melt bath of a contour (A) of the first component layer, the production parameter denoting a geometry of a contour irradiation pattern for the additive production of the component. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the production parameter denotes at least one irradiation parameter for the additive production of the component, comprising a parameter selected from: radiation intensity, energy density, radiation power, radiation power density, irradiation wavelength. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
the continuous definition of a multiplicity of production parameters, comprising at least one parameter selected from: thermal input, melt bath width, beam offset, irradiation speed, size of a beam cross section on the powder bed, irradiation angle, flow rate or flow speed of a protective gas flow, states of gas valves regulating the protective gas flow, ambient pressure, alloy composition of a powder. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the second component layer comprises a region overhanging beyond the first component layer. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4,
wherein overhang production parameters, differing from a standard production parameter set, are assigned to the overhanging region. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the second component layer comprises a supported region, which lies inside the contour (A) of the first component layer and is separated therefrom. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6,
wherein support production parameters, differing from a standard production parameter set, are assigned to the supported region. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the component geometry is subdivided into a multiplicity of component layers arranged above one another, and wherein production parameters of at least some of these component layers are defined continuously in the region of a melt bath of a contour of a respectively underlying component layer. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the method comprises a CAM method for preparing the additive production of the component. 10. A method for the additive production of a component from a powder bed, comprising:
implementing the method as claimed in claim 1 to provide data for the selective irradiation of a powder layer in additive production, irradiating the component with an energy beam, and additively producing the component, according to the continuously defined production parameters. 11. A component produced according to the method as claimed in claim 10, comprising, in comparison with a component of the prior art, a lower density of defects, crack centers and/or a lower likelihood of the formation of defects or hot cracks. 12. A computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising:
the data for the selective irradiation of the powder layer, which are provided by the method as claimed in claim 1. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising:
computer instructions stored thereon which, when run by a data processing device, cause the data processing device to carry out the method as claimed in claim 1. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
additively producing the component by selectively irradiating the powder layer. 15. The method as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the component geometry is subdivided into between 1000 and 10000 component layers. | 1,600 |
338,675 | 16,641,728 | 1,629 | The compositions and methods are described for generating an immune response to a tumor associated antigen such as MUC-1. The compositions and methods described herein relate to a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding one or more viral antigens for generating a protective immune response to MUC-1 in the subject to which the vector is administered and boosting the immune response by administering a MUC-1 peptide. The compositions and methods of the present invention are useful both prophylactically and therapeutically and may be used to prevent and/or treat neoplasms and associated diseases. | 1. A immunogenic composition comprising:
a) a recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (MVA) viral vector comprising a sequence encoding hypoglycosylated MUC-1 or fragment thereof and a matrix protein sequence, and b) a MUC-1 peptide. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an immunogenic intracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 with sequence 407-475 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an an immunogenic extracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 (for example sequence 20-376 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence TSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:1) 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:2). 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDNRPALGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:3). 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDNRPALGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:4). 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 (SEQ ID NO:6). 10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence SKKKKGCKLFAVWKITYKDTGTSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:7)) wherein the threonine at position 27 is optionally glycosylated with alpha-D-GalNAc. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one recombinant MVA vector expresses the MUC-1, peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. A method of inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an immunogenic intracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 with sequence 407-475 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an an immunogenic extracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 (for example sequence 20-376 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 19. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 (SEQ ID NO:6). 21. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence SKKKKGCKLFAVWKITYKDTGTSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:7)) wherein the threonine at position 27 is optionally glycosylated with alpha-D-GalNAc. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the immune response is a humoral immune response, a cellular immune response or a combination thereof. 23. The method of claim 12, wherein the immune response comprises: (i) production of binding antibodies or neutralizing antibodies against MUC-1, (ii) production of non-neutralizing antibodies against MUC-1; and/or (iii) production of a cell-mediated immune response against MUC-1. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. A method of preventing or reducing the growth of a neoplasm comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. 27. A method of treating cancer comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. | The compositions and methods are described for generating an immune response to a tumor associated antigen such as MUC-1. The compositions and methods described herein relate to a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding one or more viral antigens for generating a protective immune response to MUC-1 in the subject to which the vector is administered and boosting the immune response by administering a MUC-1 peptide. The compositions and methods of the present invention are useful both prophylactically and therapeutically and may be used to prevent and/or treat neoplasms and associated diseases.1. A immunogenic composition comprising:
a) a recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (MVA) viral vector comprising a sequence encoding hypoglycosylated MUC-1 or fragment thereof and a matrix protein sequence, and b) a MUC-1 peptide. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an immunogenic intracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 with sequence 407-475 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an an immunogenic extracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 (for example sequence 20-376 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence TSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:1) 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:2). 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDNRPALGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:3). 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence AHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDNRPALGSTAPP (SEQ ID NO:4). 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 (SEQ ID NO:6). 10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence SKKKKGCKLFAVWKITYKDTGTSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:7)) wherein the threonine at position 27 is optionally glycosylated with alpha-D-GalNAc. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one recombinant MVA vector expresses the MUC-1, peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. A method of inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an immunogenic intracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 with sequence 407-475 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises an an immunogenic extracellular domain fragment of MUC-1 (for example sequence 20-376 of GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 19. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence GenBank Protein Accession Number NP_001191214 (SEQ ID NO:6). 21. The method of claim 12 wherein the MUC-1 peptide comprises a sequence SKKKKGCKLFAVWKITYKDTGTSAPDTRPAP (SEQ ID NO:7)) wherein the threonine at position 27 is optionally glycosylated with alpha-D-GalNAc. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the immune response is a humoral immune response, a cellular immune response or a combination thereof. 23. The method of claim 12, wherein the immune response comprises: (i) production of binding antibodies or neutralizing antibodies against MUC-1, (ii) production of non-neutralizing antibodies against MUC-1; and/or (iii) production of a cell-mediated immune response against MUC-1. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. A method of preventing or reducing the growth of a neoplasm comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. 27. A method of treating cancer comprising a) administering at least one recombinant MVA vector expressing MUC-1 to the subject in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, and administering at least one MUC-1 peptide to boost the induced immune response. | 1,600 |
338,676 | 16,641,743 | 1,629 | Various examples disclosed relate to a substrate. The substrate includes a cold-sintered hybrid material. The cold-sintered hybrid material includes a polymer component and a ceramic component. The substrate further includes a conductor at least partially embedded within the cold-sintered hybrid material. The substrate further includes a via attached to the conductor. The cold-sintered hybrid material has a relative density in a range of from about 80% to about 99%. | 1. A substrate comprising:
a cold-sintered hybrid material comprising a mixture of:
a polymer component; and
a ceramic component;
a conductor at least partially embedded within the cold-sintered hybrid material; and a via attached to the conductor, wherein the cold-sintered hybrid material has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99%. 2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polysulfone, a polyketone, a polyformal, a polycarbonate, a polyether, a poly(p-phenylene oxide), a polyether imide, a polymer having a glass transition temperature greater than 200° C., a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. 3. The substrate of any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a branched polymer, a polymer blend, a copolymer, a random copolymer, a block copolymer, a cross-linked polymer, a blend of a cross-linked polymer with a non-crosslinked polymer, a macrocycle, a supramolecular structure, a polymeric ionomer, a dynamic cross-linked polymer, a liquid-crystal polymer, a sol-gel, or a mixture thereof. 4. The substrate of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the polymer component is in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 5. The substrate of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the polymer component is in a range of from about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 6. The substrate of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ceramic component includes one or more ceramic particles. 7. The substrate of claim 6, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are shaped as spheres, whiskers, rods, fibrils, fibers, or platelets. 8. The substrate of any one of clams 6 or 7, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are chosen from oxides, fluorides, chlorides, iodides, carbonates, phosphates, glasses, vanadates, tungstates, molybdates, tellurates, borates or a mixture thereof. 9. The substrate of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are chosen from BaTiO3, Mo2O3, WO3, V2O3, V2O5, ZnO, Bi2O3, CsBr, Li2CO3, CsSO4, LiVO3, Na2Mo2O7, K2Mo2O7, ZnMoO4, Li2MoO4, Na2WO4, K2WO4, Gd2(MoO4)3, Bi2VO4, AgVO3, Na2ZrO3, LiFeP2O4, LiCoP2O4, KH2PO4, Ge(PO4)3, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, ZrO2, ZnO—B2O3—SiO2, PbO—B2O3—SiO2, 3ZnO-2B2O3, SiO2, 27B2O3-35Bi2O3-6SiO2-32ZnO, Bi24Si2O40, BiVO4, Mg3(VO4)2, Ba2V2O7, Sr2V2O7, Ca2V2O7, Mg2V2O7, Zn2V2O7, Ba3TiV4O15, Ba3ZrV4O15, NaCa2Mg2V3O12, LiMg4V3O12, Ca5Zn4(VO4)6, LiMgVO4, LiZnVO4, BaV2O6, Ba3V4O13, Na2BiMg2V3O12, CaV2O6, Li2WO4, LiBiW2O8, Li2Mn2W3O12, Li2Zn2W3O12, PbO—WO3, Bi2O3-4MoO3, Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2O-2.2MoO3, Bi2Mo2O9, Bi2MoO6, 1.3Bi2O3—MoO3, 3Bi2O3-2MoO3, 7Bi2O3—MoO3, Li2Mo4O13, Li3BiMo3O12, Li8Bi2Mo7O28, Li2O—Bi2O3—MoO3, Na2MoO4, Na6MoO11O36, TiTe3O8, TiTeO3, CaTe2O5, SeTe2O5, BaO—TeO2, BaTeO3, Ba2TeO8, BaTe4O9, Li3AlB2O6, Bi6B10O24, Bi4B2O9, or a mixture thereof. 10. The substrate of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the ceramic component is in a range of from about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 11. The substrate of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of layers of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 12. The substrate of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the relative density is in a range of from about 90% to about 95%. 13. A method of making a substrate, the method comprising:
depositing a first quantity of a mixture on a first backing layer, the mixture comprising:
a polymer component;
a ceramic component; and
a binder;
at least partially drying the first quantity of the mixture to form an at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture on the first backing layer; removing the first backing layer; printing at least one of a conductor and an electronic component on the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture; contacting the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture with a solvent; and sintering the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to produce a cold-sintered mixture of the polymer component and the ceramic component,
wherein sintering comprises:
raising a pressure in an environment surrounding the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to a range of from about 1 MPa to about 5000 Mpa;
raising a temperature of the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture in a range of from about 1° C. to about 200° C. above a boiling point of the solvent to cold-sinter the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture and produce the substrate,
wherein the cold-sintered mixture has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99%. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising increasing the temperature of the mixture to a temperature sufficient to evaporate a quantity of the binder. 15. The method of any one of claim 13 or 14, further comprising:
cutting the first backing layer to produce a first portion of the mixture and a second portion of the mixture; and
stacking the first portion with respect to the second portion to form a stack, wherein
the first portion forms a first cold-sintered hybrid layer and the second portion forms a second cold-sintered hybrid layer after the stack is sintered. 16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the at least partially dried mixture is sintered at a temperature in a range of from about 100° C. to about 400° C. 17. The method of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the pressure is in a range of from about 200 Psi to about 3000 Psi. 18. The method of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polysulfone, a polyketone, a polyformal, a polycarbonate, a polyether, a poly(p-phenylene oxide), a polyether imide, a polymer having a glass transition temperature greater than 200° C. a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. 19. The method of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the ceramic component includes one or more ceramic particles chosen from BaTiO3, Mo2O3, WO3, V2O3, V2O5, ZnO, Bi2O3, CsBr, Li2CO3, CsSO4, LiVO3, Na2Mo2O7, K2Mo2O7, ZnMoO4, Li2MoO4, Na2WO4, K2WO4, Gd2(MoO4)3, Bi2VO4, AgVO3, Na2ZrO3, LiFeP2O4, LiCoP2O4, KH2PO4, Ge(PO4)3, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, ZrO2, ZnO—B2O3—SiO2, PbO—B2O3—SiO2, 3ZnO-2B2O3, SiO2, 27B2O3-35Bi2O3-6SiO2-32ZnO, Bi24Si2O40, BiVO4, Mg3(VO4)2, Ba2V2O7, Sr2V2O7, Ca2V2O7, Mg2V2O7, Zn2V2O7, Ba3TiV4O15, Ba3ZrV4O15, NaCa2Mg2V3O12, LiMg4V3O12, Ca5Zn4(VO4)6, LiMgVO4, LiZnVO4, BaV2O6, Ba3V4O13, Na2BiMg2V3O12, CaV2O6, Li2WO4, LiBiW2O8, Li2Mn2W3O12, Li2Zn2W3O12, PbO—WO3, Bi2O3-4MoO3, Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2O-2.2MoO3, Bi2Mo2O9, Bi2MoO6, 1.3Bi2O3—MoO3, 3Bi2O3-2MoO3, 7Bi2O3—MoO3, Li2Mo4O13, Li3BiMo3O12, Li8Bi2Mo7O28, Li2O—Bi2O3—MoO3, Na2MoO4, Na6MoO11O36, TiTe3O8, TiTeO3, CaTe2O5, SeTe2O5, BaO—TeO2, BaTeO3, Ba2TeO5, BaTe4O9, Li3AlB2O6, Bi6B10O24, Bi4B2O9 or a mixture thereof. 20. A substrate formed according to a method comprising:
depositing a first quantity of a mixture on a first backing layer, the mixture comprising:
a polymer component;
a ceramic component; and
a binder;
at least partially drying the first quantity of the mixture to form an at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture on the first backing layer; removing the first backing layer; printing at least one of a conductor and an electronic component on the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture; contacting the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture with a solvent; and sintering the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture of the polymer component and the ceramic component, wherein sintering comprises:
raising a pressure in an environment surrounding the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to a range of from about 1 MPa to about 5000 Mpa;
raising a temperature of the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture in a range of from about 1° C. to about 200° C. above a boiling point of the solvent to cold-sinter the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture and produce the substrate, wherein
the cold-sintered mixture has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99% | Various examples disclosed relate to a substrate. The substrate includes a cold-sintered hybrid material. The cold-sintered hybrid material includes a polymer component and a ceramic component. The substrate further includes a conductor at least partially embedded within the cold-sintered hybrid material. The substrate further includes a via attached to the conductor. The cold-sintered hybrid material has a relative density in a range of from about 80% to about 99%.1. A substrate comprising:
a cold-sintered hybrid material comprising a mixture of:
a polymer component; and
a ceramic component;
a conductor at least partially embedded within the cold-sintered hybrid material; and a via attached to the conductor, wherein the cold-sintered hybrid material has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99%. 2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polysulfone, a polyketone, a polyformal, a polycarbonate, a polyether, a poly(p-phenylene oxide), a polyether imide, a polymer having a glass transition temperature greater than 200° C., a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. 3. The substrate of any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a branched polymer, a polymer blend, a copolymer, a random copolymer, a block copolymer, a cross-linked polymer, a blend of a cross-linked polymer with a non-crosslinked polymer, a macrocycle, a supramolecular structure, a polymeric ionomer, a dynamic cross-linked polymer, a liquid-crystal polymer, a sol-gel, or a mixture thereof. 4. The substrate of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the polymer component is in a range of from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 5. The substrate of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the polymer component is in a range of from about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 6. The substrate of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ceramic component includes one or more ceramic particles. 7. The substrate of claim 6, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are shaped as spheres, whiskers, rods, fibrils, fibers, or platelets. 8. The substrate of any one of clams 6 or 7, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are chosen from oxides, fluorides, chlorides, iodides, carbonates, phosphates, glasses, vanadates, tungstates, molybdates, tellurates, borates or a mixture thereof. 9. The substrate of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the one or more ceramic particles are chosen from BaTiO3, Mo2O3, WO3, V2O3, V2O5, ZnO, Bi2O3, CsBr, Li2CO3, CsSO4, LiVO3, Na2Mo2O7, K2Mo2O7, ZnMoO4, Li2MoO4, Na2WO4, K2WO4, Gd2(MoO4)3, Bi2VO4, AgVO3, Na2ZrO3, LiFeP2O4, LiCoP2O4, KH2PO4, Ge(PO4)3, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, ZrO2, ZnO—B2O3—SiO2, PbO—B2O3—SiO2, 3ZnO-2B2O3, SiO2, 27B2O3-35Bi2O3-6SiO2-32ZnO, Bi24Si2O40, BiVO4, Mg3(VO4)2, Ba2V2O7, Sr2V2O7, Ca2V2O7, Mg2V2O7, Zn2V2O7, Ba3TiV4O15, Ba3ZrV4O15, NaCa2Mg2V3O12, LiMg4V3O12, Ca5Zn4(VO4)6, LiMgVO4, LiZnVO4, BaV2O6, Ba3V4O13, Na2BiMg2V3O12, CaV2O6, Li2WO4, LiBiW2O8, Li2Mn2W3O12, Li2Zn2W3O12, PbO—WO3, Bi2O3-4MoO3, Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2O-2.2MoO3, Bi2Mo2O9, Bi2MoO6, 1.3Bi2O3—MoO3, 3Bi2O3-2MoO3, 7Bi2O3—MoO3, Li2Mo4O13, Li3BiMo3O12, Li8Bi2Mo7O28, Li2O—Bi2O3—MoO3, Na2MoO4, Na6MoO11O36, TiTe3O8, TiTeO3, CaTe2O5, SeTe2O5, BaO—TeO2, BaTeO3, Ba2TeO8, BaTe4O9, Li3AlB2O6, Bi6B10O24, Bi4B2O9, or a mixture thereof. 10. The substrate of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the ceramic component is in a range of from about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 11. The substrate of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of layers of the cold-sintered hybrid material. 12. The substrate of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the relative density is in a range of from about 90% to about 95%. 13. A method of making a substrate, the method comprising:
depositing a first quantity of a mixture on a first backing layer, the mixture comprising:
a polymer component;
a ceramic component; and
a binder;
at least partially drying the first quantity of the mixture to form an at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture on the first backing layer; removing the first backing layer; printing at least one of a conductor and an electronic component on the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture; contacting the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture with a solvent; and sintering the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to produce a cold-sintered mixture of the polymer component and the ceramic component,
wherein sintering comprises:
raising a pressure in an environment surrounding the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to a range of from about 1 MPa to about 5000 Mpa;
raising a temperature of the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture in a range of from about 1° C. to about 200° C. above a boiling point of the solvent to cold-sinter the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture and produce the substrate,
wherein the cold-sintered mixture has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99%. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising increasing the temperature of the mixture to a temperature sufficient to evaporate a quantity of the binder. 15. The method of any one of claim 13 or 14, further comprising:
cutting the first backing layer to produce a first portion of the mixture and a second portion of the mixture; and
stacking the first portion with respect to the second portion to form a stack, wherein
the first portion forms a first cold-sintered hybrid layer and the second portion forms a second cold-sintered hybrid layer after the stack is sintered. 16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the at least partially dried mixture is sintered at a temperature in a range of from about 100° C. to about 400° C. 17. The method of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the pressure is in a range of from about 200 Psi to about 3000 Psi. 18. The method of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the polymer component is chosen from a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polysulfone, a polyketone, a polyformal, a polycarbonate, a polyether, a poly(p-phenylene oxide), a polyether imide, a polymer having a glass transition temperature greater than 200° C. a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof. 19. The method of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the ceramic component includes one or more ceramic particles chosen from BaTiO3, Mo2O3, WO3, V2O3, V2O5, ZnO, Bi2O3, CsBr, Li2CO3, CsSO4, LiVO3, Na2Mo2O7, K2Mo2O7, ZnMoO4, Li2MoO4, Na2WO4, K2WO4, Gd2(MoO4)3, Bi2VO4, AgVO3, Na2ZrO3, LiFeP2O4, LiCoP2O4, KH2PO4, Ge(PO4)3, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, ZrO2, ZnO—B2O3—SiO2, PbO—B2O3—SiO2, 3ZnO-2B2O3, SiO2, 27B2O3-35Bi2O3-6SiO2-32ZnO, Bi24Si2O40, BiVO4, Mg3(VO4)2, Ba2V2O7, Sr2V2O7, Ca2V2O7, Mg2V2O7, Zn2V2O7, Ba3TiV4O15, Ba3ZrV4O15, NaCa2Mg2V3O12, LiMg4V3O12, Ca5Zn4(VO4)6, LiMgVO4, LiZnVO4, BaV2O6, Ba3V4O13, Na2BiMg2V3O12, CaV2O6, Li2WO4, LiBiW2O8, Li2Mn2W3O12, Li2Zn2W3O12, PbO—WO3, Bi2O3-4MoO3, Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2O-2.2MoO3, Bi2Mo2O9, Bi2MoO6, 1.3Bi2O3—MoO3, 3Bi2O3-2MoO3, 7Bi2O3—MoO3, Li2Mo4O13, Li3BiMo3O12, Li8Bi2Mo7O28, Li2O—Bi2O3—MoO3, Na2MoO4, Na6MoO11O36, TiTe3O8, TiTeO3, CaTe2O5, SeTe2O5, BaO—TeO2, BaTeO3, Ba2TeO5, BaTe4O9, Li3AlB2O6, Bi6B10O24, Bi4B2O9 or a mixture thereof. 20. A substrate formed according to a method comprising:
depositing a first quantity of a mixture on a first backing layer, the mixture comprising:
a polymer component;
a ceramic component; and
a binder;
at least partially drying the first quantity of the mixture to form an at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture on the first backing layer; removing the first backing layer; printing at least one of a conductor and an electronic component on the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture; contacting the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture with a solvent; and sintering the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture of the polymer component and the ceramic component, wherein sintering comprises:
raising a pressure in an environment surrounding the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture to a range of from about 1 MPa to about 5000 Mpa;
raising a temperature of the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture in a range of from about 1° C. to about 200° C. above a boiling point of the solvent to cold-sinter the at least partially dried first quantity of the mixture and produce the substrate, wherein
the cold-sintered mixture has a relative density within a range of 80% to 99% | 1,600 |
338,677 | 16,641,712 | 1,629 | Provided is a construction machine that can prevent a machine body from being lowered without placing a blade in a floating state when the machine body is jacked up, even if the operator performs an erroneous operation, and that can perform favorable leveling work by placing the blade in the floating state when the machine body is not jacked up. A hydraulic excavator includes a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in a bottom-side oil chamber of a blade cylinder, and a controller that switches between validation and invalidation of a floating command and a lowering command for a blade operation device. In the case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than a predetermined value, the controller switches a solenoid selector valve to an interruption position to invalidate the floating command when a forward stroke of the operation lever is equal to or more than a reference value. In the case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the controller holds the solenoid selector valve in a communication position to validate the floating command when the forward stroke of the operation lever is equal to or more than the reference value. | 1. A construction machine including
a blade provided to be drivable in a vertical direction relative to a machine body, a blade cylinder that is operated by a hydraulic fluid delivered from a hydraulic pump and that drives the blade in the vertical direction, a blade control valve that switches to one of a neutral position for stopping the blade, a raising position for driving the blade in a raising direction, a lowering position for driving the blade in a lowering direction, and a floating position for setting the blade in a floating state, to thereby control a flow of the hydraulic fluid in relation to the blade cylinder, and a blade operation device that has an operation lever, that outputs a raising command for switching the blade control valve to the raising position when the operation lever is operated to one side, that outputs a lowering command for switching the blade control valve to the lowering position when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is less than a reference value, and that outputs a floating command for switching the blade control valve to the floating position when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, the construction machine comprising: a pressure sensor that detects a pressure in a bottom-side oil chamber of the blade cylinder; and a controller that switches between validation and invalidation of the floating command and the lowering command based on a result of detection by the pressure sensor, a predetermined value, preset as a pressure in the bottom-side oil chamber of the blade cylinder to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the blade is jacking up the machine body, being stored in the controller, the controller
validating the floating command when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value, and
invalidating the floating command when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, and invalidating the lowering command until the stroke of the operation lever becomes less than the reference value and the operation lever is operated to the neutral position, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value. 2. The construction machine according to claim 1,
wherein the blade operation device includes
a first pilot valve that generates a first pilot pressure corresponding to the raising command when the operation lever is operated to the one side, and outputs the first pilot pressure to the blade control valve through a first pilot hydraulic line to switch the blade control valve to the raising position, and
a second pilot valve that generates a second pilot pressure corresponding to either of the lowering command and the floating command according to a stroke of the operation lever when the operation lever is operated to the other side, and outputs the second pilot pressure to the blade control valve through a second pilot hydraulic line to switch the blade control valve to either of the lowering position and the floating position,
a solenoid selector valve having a communication position and an interruption position and a pilot pressure sensor for detecting the second pilot pressure are provided in the second pilot hydraulic line, a reference pilot pressure preset as a second pilot pressure to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, and a neutral pilot pressure preset as a second pilot pressure to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the operation lever is operated to the neutral position, are stored in the controller, and the controller
holds the solenoid selector valve in the communication position to validate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value, and
switches the solenoid selector valve to the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, and holds the solenoid selector valve in the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the lowering command until the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor becomes less than the reference pilot pressure and becomes the neutral pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value. 3. The construction machine according to claim 2,
wherein the controller
holds the solenoid selector valve in the communication position to validate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, and switches the solenoid selector valve to the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the lowering command until the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor becomes less than the reference pilot pressure and becomes the neutral pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value. | Provided is a construction machine that can prevent a machine body from being lowered without placing a blade in a floating state when the machine body is jacked up, even if the operator performs an erroneous operation, and that can perform favorable leveling work by placing the blade in the floating state when the machine body is not jacked up. A hydraulic excavator includes a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in a bottom-side oil chamber of a blade cylinder, and a controller that switches between validation and invalidation of a floating command and a lowering command for a blade operation device. In the case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than a predetermined value, the controller switches a solenoid selector valve to an interruption position to invalidate the floating command when a forward stroke of the operation lever is equal to or more than a reference value. In the case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the controller holds the solenoid selector valve in a communication position to validate the floating command when the forward stroke of the operation lever is equal to or more than the reference value.1. A construction machine including
a blade provided to be drivable in a vertical direction relative to a machine body, a blade cylinder that is operated by a hydraulic fluid delivered from a hydraulic pump and that drives the blade in the vertical direction, a blade control valve that switches to one of a neutral position for stopping the blade, a raising position for driving the blade in a raising direction, a lowering position for driving the blade in a lowering direction, and a floating position for setting the blade in a floating state, to thereby control a flow of the hydraulic fluid in relation to the blade cylinder, and a blade operation device that has an operation lever, that outputs a raising command for switching the blade control valve to the raising position when the operation lever is operated to one side, that outputs a lowering command for switching the blade control valve to the lowering position when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is less than a reference value, and that outputs a floating command for switching the blade control valve to the floating position when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, the construction machine comprising: a pressure sensor that detects a pressure in a bottom-side oil chamber of the blade cylinder; and a controller that switches between validation and invalidation of the floating command and the lowering command based on a result of detection by the pressure sensor, a predetermined value, preset as a pressure in the bottom-side oil chamber of the blade cylinder to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the blade is jacking up the machine body, being stored in the controller, the controller
validating the floating command when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value, and
invalidating the floating command when the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, and invalidating the lowering command until the stroke of the operation lever becomes less than the reference value and the operation lever is operated to the neutral position, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value. 2. The construction machine according to claim 1,
wherein the blade operation device includes
a first pilot valve that generates a first pilot pressure corresponding to the raising command when the operation lever is operated to the one side, and outputs the first pilot pressure to the blade control valve through a first pilot hydraulic line to switch the blade control valve to the raising position, and
a second pilot valve that generates a second pilot pressure corresponding to either of the lowering command and the floating command according to a stroke of the operation lever when the operation lever is operated to the other side, and outputs the second pilot pressure to the blade control valve through a second pilot hydraulic line to switch the blade control valve to either of the lowering position and the floating position,
a solenoid selector valve having a communication position and an interruption position and a pilot pressure sensor for detecting the second pilot pressure are provided in the second pilot hydraulic line, a reference pilot pressure preset as a second pilot pressure to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the operation lever is operated to the other side and its stroke is equal to or more than the reference value, and a neutral pilot pressure preset as a second pilot pressure to be a reference for determining as to whether or not the operation lever is operated to the neutral position, are stored in the controller, and the controller
holds the solenoid selector valve in the communication position to validate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value, and
switches the solenoid selector valve to the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, and holds the solenoid selector valve in the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the lowering command until the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor becomes less than the reference pilot pressure and becomes the neutral pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or more than the predetermined value. 3. The construction machine according to claim 2,
wherein the controller
holds the solenoid selector valve in the communication position to validate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the floating command when the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor is equal to or more than the reference pilot pressure, and switches the solenoid selector valve to the interruption position to invalidate the second pilot pressure corresponding to the lowering command until the second pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor becomes less than the reference pilot pressure and becomes the neutral pilot pressure, in a case where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the predetermined value. | 1,600 |
338,678 | 16,641,739 | 1,629 | A driving mechanism for a roll blind capable of shade adjustment is proposed. The driving mechanism includes: a cover housing (212) having a stopper (212 c) protrudingly foamed; a driving shaft (213 a) relatively and rotatably coupled to the cover housing (212); a torsional coil spring (220) wound and tightened around an outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft (213 a); and a clutch wheel (223) integrally rotating with the driving shaft (213 a), wherein, in a case when the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) while the driving shaft (213 a) is rotating, rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked therethrough, whereas the driving shaft (213 a) is continuously rotatable regardless of whether the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked, and wherein the driving mechanism further includes a tilting gear (222) and a tilting wheel (224) rotated in conjunction with the tilting gear (222). | 1. A driving mechanism for a roll blind capable of shade adjustment, the driving mechanism comprising:
a cover housing (212) having a stopper (212 c) protrudingly formed; a driving shaft (213 a) relatively and rotatably coupled to the cover housing (212); a torsional coil spring (220) wound and tightened around an outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft (213 a); and a clutch wheel (223) integrally rotating with the driving shaft (213 a), wherein, in a case when the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) while the driving shaft (213 a) is rotating, rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked thereby, whereas the driving shaft (213 a) is continuously rotatable regardless of whether the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked, wherein the driving mechanism further comprises a tilting gear (222) caught by the torsional coil spring (220) and rotated together therewith, and a tilting wheel (224) rotated in conjunction with the tilting gear (222) via an idle gear (218), and wherein, in a section in which the torsional coil spring (220) rotates together with the driving shaft (213 a) without being caught by the stopper (212 c), the tilting wheel (224) is rotated due to the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220). 2. The driving mechanism of claim 1, further comprising:
a guide ring (221) adjacent to the torsional coil spring (220) and inserted into the driving shaft (213 a) along an axis thereof, wherein the guide ring (221) is caught by the torsional coil spring (220) through a first protrusion (221 b) protrudingly formed at one side of the guide ring (221) in an axial direction and rotated together therewith, and rotation of the guide ring (221) is blocked when being caught by the stopper (212 c) through a second protrusion (221 a) protrudingly formed at the other side thereof in the axial direction, whereby the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) via the guide ring (221). 3. The driving mechanism of claim 2, wherein the driving shaft (213 a) passing through a plate surface of the cover housing (212) is sequentially inserted into the guide ring (221), the torsional coil spring (220), the tilting gear (222), and the clutch wheel (223) along an axis thereof and coupled to one side surface of the cover housing (212), and a shaft cover (213) having the driving shaft (213 a) as a central axis thereof is rotatably coupled to other side surface of the cover housing (212). 4. The driving mechanism of claim 3, further comprising:
a driving wheel (214) having a cavity therein, spaced apart around the driving shaft (213 a), and rotatably coupled to the other side surface of the cover housing (212); and an operating line (211) for rotating the driving wheel (214) in engagement with teeth thereof formed along an outer circumference of the driving wheel (214), wherein the driving wheel (214) is provided with a driving protrusion (214 a) protrudingly famed on an inner circumferential surface thereof, and the shaft cover (213) is provided with a driven protrusion (213 b) protrudingly formed corresponding to the driving protrusion (214 a), whereby the shaft cover (213) is rotated due to pressurization in a circumferential direction by the driving protrusion (214 a) corresponding to the driven protrusion (213 b) when the driving wheel (214) rotates. | A driving mechanism for a roll blind capable of shade adjustment is proposed. The driving mechanism includes: a cover housing (212) having a stopper (212 c) protrudingly foamed; a driving shaft (213 a) relatively and rotatably coupled to the cover housing (212); a torsional coil spring (220) wound and tightened around an outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft (213 a); and a clutch wheel (223) integrally rotating with the driving shaft (213 a), wherein, in a case when the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) while the driving shaft (213 a) is rotating, rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked therethrough, whereas the driving shaft (213 a) is continuously rotatable regardless of whether the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked, and wherein the driving mechanism further includes a tilting gear (222) and a tilting wheel (224) rotated in conjunction with the tilting gear (222).1. A driving mechanism for a roll blind capable of shade adjustment, the driving mechanism comprising:
a cover housing (212) having a stopper (212 c) protrudingly formed; a driving shaft (213 a) relatively and rotatably coupled to the cover housing (212); a torsional coil spring (220) wound and tightened around an outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft (213 a); and a clutch wheel (223) integrally rotating with the driving shaft (213 a), wherein, in a case when the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) while the driving shaft (213 a) is rotating, rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked thereby, whereas the driving shaft (213 a) is continuously rotatable regardless of whether the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220) is blocked, wherein the driving mechanism further comprises a tilting gear (222) caught by the torsional coil spring (220) and rotated together therewith, and a tilting wheel (224) rotated in conjunction with the tilting gear (222) via an idle gear (218), and wherein, in a section in which the torsional coil spring (220) rotates together with the driving shaft (213 a) without being caught by the stopper (212 c), the tilting wheel (224) is rotated due to the rotation of the torsional coil spring (220). 2. The driving mechanism of claim 1, further comprising:
a guide ring (221) adjacent to the torsional coil spring (220) and inserted into the driving shaft (213 a) along an axis thereof, wherein the guide ring (221) is caught by the torsional coil spring (220) through a first protrusion (221 b) protrudingly formed at one side of the guide ring (221) in an axial direction and rotated together therewith, and rotation of the guide ring (221) is blocked when being caught by the stopper (212 c) through a second protrusion (221 a) protrudingly formed at the other side thereof in the axial direction, whereby the torsional coil spring (220) is caught by the stopper (212 c) via the guide ring (221). 3. The driving mechanism of claim 2, wherein the driving shaft (213 a) passing through a plate surface of the cover housing (212) is sequentially inserted into the guide ring (221), the torsional coil spring (220), the tilting gear (222), and the clutch wheel (223) along an axis thereof and coupled to one side surface of the cover housing (212), and a shaft cover (213) having the driving shaft (213 a) as a central axis thereof is rotatably coupled to other side surface of the cover housing (212). 4. The driving mechanism of claim 3, further comprising:
a driving wheel (214) having a cavity therein, spaced apart around the driving shaft (213 a), and rotatably coupled to the other side surface of the cover housing (212); and an operating line (211) for rotating the driving wheel (214) in engagement with teeth thereof formed along an outer circumference of the driving wheel (214), wherein the driving wheel (214) is provided with a driving protrusion (214 a) protrudingly famed on an inner circumferential surface thereof, and the shaft cover (213) is provided with a driven protrusion (213 b) protrudingly formed corresponding to the driving protrusion (214 a), whereby the shaft cover (213) is rotated due to pressurization in a circumferential direction by the driving protrusion (214 a) corresponding to the driven protrusion (213 b) when the driving wheel (214) rotates. | 1,600 |
338,679 | 16,641,694 | 1,629 | The invention relates to a composition comprising: (A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of at least 90 wt % of propylene monomer units and at most 10 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and (B) a copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.850 to 0.910 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 50 dg/min measured in accordance with IS01 133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the copolymer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. | 1. A composition comprising:
(A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of at least 90 wt % of propylene monomer units and at most 10 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.850 to 0.910 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 50 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the melt flow rate of the copolymer (B) is 20 to 50 dg/min. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.910 g/cm3. 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3. 5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.875 to 0.910 g/cm3. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the melt flow rate of the copolymer (B) is 15 to 20 dg/min. 7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.910 g/cm3. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer (B) is an elastomer of ethylene and 1-octene. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the propylene-based polymer (A) is 80 to 99 wt % and the amount of the copolymer (B) is 1 to 20 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 90-99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1-10 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer has a melt flow rate of 10 to 100 dg/min, measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 230° C. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is not a heterophasic propylene copolymer consisting of a propylene-based matrix and a dispersed ethylene-α-olefin copolymer. 14. A process for the preparation of the composition according to claim 1, comprising melt-mixing the propylene-based polymer (A) and the copolymer (B), optionally preceded by dry-blending of (A) and (B). 15. An article comprising the composition according to claim 1. 16. The article according to claim 15, wherein the article is a storage container. 17. (canceled) 18. The composition according to claim 1,
wherein the amount of the propylene-based polymer (A) is 80 to 99 wt % and the amount of the copolymer (B) is 1 to 20 wt %, with respect to the total composition; wherein the propylene-based polymer has a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min, measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 230° C.; and wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 19. A composition comprising:
(A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 20. A composition comprising:
(A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units, and not a heterophasic propylene copolymer consisting of a propylene-based matrix and a dispersed ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. | The invention relates to a composition comprising: (A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of at least 90 wt % of propylene monomer units and at most 10 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and (B) a copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.850 to 0.910 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 50 dg/min measured in accordance with IS01 133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the copolymer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition.1. A composition comprising:
(A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of at least 90 wt % of propylene monomer units and at most 10 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.850 to 0.910 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 50 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the melt flow rate of the copolymer (B) is 20 to 50 dg/min. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.910 g/cm3. 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3. 5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.875 to 0.910 g/cm3. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the melt flow rate of the copolymer (B) is 15 to 20 dg/min. 7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the density of the copolymer (B) is 0.865 to 0.910 g/cm3. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer (B) is an elastomer of ethylene and 1-octene. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the propylene-based polymer (A) is 80 to 99 wt % and the amount of the copolymer (B) is 1 to 20 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 90-99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1-10 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer has a melt flow rate of 10 to 100 dg/min, measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 230° C. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is not a heterophasic propylene copolymer consisting of a propylene-based matrix and a dispersed ethylene-α-olefin copolymer. 14. A process for the preparation of the composition according to claim 1, comprising melt-mixing the propylene-based polymer (A) and the copolymer (B), optionally preceded by dry-blending of (A) and (B). 15. An article comprising the composition according to claim 1. 16. The article according to claim 15, wherein the article is a storage container. 17. (canceled) 18. The composition according to claim 1,
wherein the amount of the propylene-based polymer (A) is 80 to 99 wt % and the amount of the copolymer (B) is 1 to 20 wt %, with respect to the total composition; wherein the propylene-based polymer has a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min, measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 230° C.; and wherein the propylene-based polymer (A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units. 19. A composition comprising:
(A) a propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units and/or an α-olefin monomer units having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. 20. A composition comprising:
(A) is a random propylene-ethylene copolymer consisting of 96 to 99 wt % of propylene monomer units and 1 to 4 wt % of ethylene monomer units, and not a heterophasic propylene copolymer consisting of a propylene-based matrix and a dispersed ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, and (B) an elastomer of ethylene and α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the elastomer has a density of 0.865 to 0.875 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 15 to 20 dg/min measured in accordance with ISO1133 using a 2.16 kg weight and at a temperature of 190° C., wherein the amount of (A) the propylene-based polymer is 60 to 99 wt % and the amount of (B) the elastomer is 1 to 40 wt %, with respect to the total composition. | 1,600 |
338,680 | 16,641,733 | 2,832 | Provided is a fluid flow energy harvester (10) comprising a crankshaft (12) and at least one vane (14) pivoted into a sail portion (18) and a crank portion (20) on respective sides of the pivot (16). Both portions (18) and (20) are operatively oscillatable about the pivot (16) when the crank portion (20) is operatively arranged facing into a fluid flow (22). The crank portion (20) is linked to the crankshaft (12) via a crank (24) so that operative oscillation of the vane (14) imparts rotational force to said crankshaft (12). The harvester (10) also includes a fin arrangement (26) which comprises a fin (28) arranged on, and configured to guide, the sail portion (18) of the vane (14) facing towards or in a direction of the fluid flow (22). The harvester (10) also includes a fin actuator (30) configured to control an orientation of the fin (28) relative to the sail portion (18), so that during oscillation of the sail portion (18), either a surface (32) of the sail portion or a surface of the fin (34) impedes the fluid flow (22) when a surface of the other is parallel to such fluid flow. In this manner, stalling of the vane oscillation is counteracted thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft (12) during fluid flow (22). | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A fluid flow energy harvester operatively arrangeable in a fluid flow, the harvester comprising:
a crankshaft; at least one vane pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such pivot, the sail and crank portions operatively oscillatable about the pivot, the crank portion being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vane imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; and a fin arrangement comprising a fin steerably arranged on the vane with a fin actuator configured to operatively steer an orientation of the fin relative to the vane; wherein the fin actuator including a linkage between the fin and a camming groove defined in the crankshaft or defined in a camshaft driven by the crankshaft, the camming groove being configured to steer or guide an orientation of the fin by way of the linkage as the vane completes one full oscillation so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 26. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the crank portion is operatively arranged facing into oncoming fluid flow with the sail portion facing towards outgoing or trailing fluid flow, or the sail portion is operatively arranged facing into oncoming fluid flow with the crank portion facing towards outgoing or trailing fluid flow. 27. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the fin arrangement is arranged on either the sail portion or the crank portion. 28. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane comprises two or more vanes each with associated fin arrangements, each of the vanes being coaxially pivoted with the crank portions linked to complementary positions on the crankshaft, respectively, so that oscillation of the respective vanes imparts a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 29. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane comprises two or more vanes each with associated fin arrangements, the vanes having parallel axial pivots with the crank portions linked to complementary positions on the crankshaft, respectively, so that oscillation of the respective vanes imparts a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 30. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane is configured so that the crank portion provides a minimal resistance to incoming or outgoing fluid flow and the surface of any one or combination of the sail portion and the fin provides a maximal resistance to the outgoing or incoming fluid flow. 31. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein an axis of the pivot and an axis of the crankshaft are arranged in parallel to facilitate efficient energy transfer. 32. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the crank is linked to both the crankshaft and the crank portion by way of crank pins. 33. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the fin actuator comprises an electronic fluid flow sensor and an electromechanical actuator, or a hydraulic actuator, configured to guide the fin as the vane completes one full oscillation. 34. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25 further comprises a flywheel configured to store angular momentum to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 35. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25 further comprises a yaw system configured for automatically orientating the crank portion or sail portion into the oncoming fluid flow with the sail portion or crank portion, respectively, into the direction of outgoing or trailing fluid flow. 36. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein any one or combination of the vane and the fin defines a predetermined profile operatively presented to the fluid flow. 37. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the predetermined profile is configured to generate lift from the fluid flow. 38. A fluid flow energy harvesting system operatively arrangeable in a fluid flow, the harvester comprising:
a crankshaft; and two or more vanes each pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such respective pivots, the sail and crank portions being operatively oscillatable about the respective pivots, each of the crank portions being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vanes imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; wherein each of the vanes are operably linked to the crankshaft such that during oscillation of the respective sail portions, at least one surface of a sail portion impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is parallel to such fluid flow to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow; wherein the fin actuator including a linkage between the fin and a camming groove defined in the crankshaft or defined in a camshaft driven by the crankshaft, the camming groove being configured to steer or guide an orientation of the fin by way of the linkage as the vane completes one full oscillation so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the vanes are each coaxially pivoted or have parallel axial pivots with their respective crank portions linked to positions on the crankshaft, so that respective oscillations of the vanes impart a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 40. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the crank is linked to both the crankshaft and the crank portion by way of crank pins. 41. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the fin actuator comprises an electronic fluid flow sensor and an electromechanical actuator, or a hydraulic actuator, configured to guide the fin as the vane completes one full oscillation. 42. The system of claim 38 further comprises a flywheel configured to store angular momentum to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 43. The system of claim 38 further comprises a yaw system configured for automatically orientating the crank portions and sail portions into a path of fluid flow. 44. A method of using a fluid flow energy harvester for harvesting energy from a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a fluid flow energy harvester comprising:
a crankshaft;
at least one vane pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such pivot, the sail and crank portions operatively oscillatable about the pivot, the crank portion being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vane imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; and
a fin arrangement comprising a fin steerably arranged on the vane with a fin actuator configured to operatively steer an orientation of the fin relative to the vane;
b) arranging the fluid flow energy harvester into a fluid flow; c) steering the fin by way of the fin actuator to orientate the fin relative to the vane so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow; and d) harvesting energy from the crankshaft when rotating. | Provided is a fluid flow energy harvester (10) comprising a crankshaft (12) and at least one vane (14) pivoted into a sail portion (18) and a crank portion (20) on respective sides of the pivot (16). Both portions (18) and (20) are operatively oscillatable about the pivot (16) when the crank portion (20) is operatively arranged facing into a fluid flow (22). The crank portion (20) is linked to the crankshaft (12) via a crank (24) so that operative oscillation of the vane (14) imparts rotational force to said crankshaft (12). The harvester (10) also includes a fin arrangement (26) which comprises a fin (28) arranged on, and configured to guide, the sail portion (18) of the vane (14) facing towards or in a direction of the fluid flow (22). The harvester (10) also includes a fin actuator (30) configured to control an orientation of the fin (28) relative to the sail portion (18), so that during oscillation of the sail portion (18), either a surface (32) of the sail portion or a surface of the fin (34) impedes the fluid flow (22) when a surface of the other is parallel to such fluid flow. In this manner, stalling of the vane oscillation is counteracted thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft (12) during fluid flow (22).1-24. (canceled) 25. A fluid flow energy harvester operatively arrangeable in a fluid flow, the harvester comprising:
a crankshaft; at least one vane pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such pivot, the sail and crank portions operatively oscillatable about the pivot, the crank portion being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vane imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; and a fin arrangement comprising a fin steerably arranged on the vane with a fin actuator configured to operatively steer an orientation of the fin relative to the vane; wherein the fin actuator including a linkage between the fin and a camming groove defined in the crankshaft or defined in a camshaft driven by the crankshaft, the camming groove being configured to steer or guide an orientation of the fin by way of the linkage as the vane completes one full oscillation so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 26. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the crank portion is operatively arranged facing into oncoming fluid flow with the sail portion facing towards outgoing or trailing fluid flow, or the sail portion is operatively arranged facing into oncoming fluid flow with the crank portion facing towards outgoing or trailing fluid flow. 27. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the fin arrangement is arranged on either the sail portion or the crank portion. 28. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane comprises two or more vanes each with associated fin arrangements, each of the vanes being coaxially pivoted with the crank portions linked to complementary positions on the crankshaft, respectively, so that oscillation of the respective vanes imparts a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 29. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane comprises two or more vanes each with associated fin arrangements, the vanes having parallel axial pivots with the crank portions linked to complementary positions on the crankshaft, respectively, so that oscillation of the respective vanes imparts a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 30. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the vane is configured so that the crank portion provides a minimal resistance to incoming or outgoing fluid flow and the surface of any one or combination of the sail portion and the fin provides a maximal resistance to the outgoing or incoming fluid flow. 31. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein an axis of the pivot and an axis of the crankshaft are arranged in parallel to facilitate efficient energy transfer. 32. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the crank is linked to both the crankshaft and the crank portion by way of crank pins. 33. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein the fin actuator comprises an electronic fluid flow sensor and an electromechanical actuator, or a hydraulic actuator, configured to guide the fin as the vane completes one full oscillation. 34. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25 further comprises a flywheel configured to store angular momentum to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 35. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25 further comprises a yaw system configured for automatically orientating the crank portion or sail portion into the oncoming fluid flow with the sail portion or crank portion, respectively, into the direction of outgoing or trailing fluid flow. 36. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 25, wherein any one or combination of the vane and the fin defines a predetermined profile operatively presented to the fluid flow. 37. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the predetermined profile is configured to generate lift from the fluid flow. 38. A fluid flow energy harvesting system operatively arrangeable in a fluid flow, the harvester comprising:
a crankshaft; and two or more vanes each pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such respective pivots, the sail and crank portions being operatively oscillatable about the respective pivots, each of the crank portions being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vanes imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; wherein each of the vanes are operably linked to the crankshaft such that during oscillation of the respective sail portions, at least one surface of a sail portion impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is parallel to such fluid flow to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow; wherein the fin actuator including a linkage between the fin and a camming groove defined in the crankshaft or defined in a camshaft driven by the crankshaft, the camming groove being configured to steer or guide an orientation of the fin by way of the linkage as the vane completes one full oscillation so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the vanes are each coaxially pivoted or have parallel axial pivots with their respective crank portions linked to positions on the crankshaft, so that respective oscillations of the vanes impart a balanced rotational force on the crankshaft. 40. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the crank is linked to both the crankshaft and the crank portion by way of crank pins. 41. The fluid flow energy harvester of claim 38, wherein the fin actuator comprises an electronic fluid flow sensor and an electromechanical actuator, or a hydraulic actuator, configured to guide the fin as the vane completes one full oscillation. 42. The system of claim 38 further comprises a flywheel configured to store angular momentum to counteract stalling of vane oscillation thereby facilitating continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow. 43. The system of claim 38 further comprises a yaw system configured for automatically orientating the crank portions and sail portions into a path of fluid flow. 44. A method of using a fluid flow energy harvester for harvesting energy from a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a fluid flow energy harvester comprising:
a crankshaft;
at least one vane pivoted into complementary sail and crank portions on respective sides of such pivot, the sail and crank portions operatively oscillatable about the pivot, the crank portion being linked to the crankshaft via a crank so that operative oscillation of the vane imparts rotational force to the crankshaft; and
a fin arrangement comprising a fin steerably arranged on the vane with a fin actuator configured to operatively steer an orientation of the fin relative to the vane;
b) arranging the fluid flow energy harvester into a fluid flow; c) steering the fin by way of the fin actuator to orientate the fin relative to the vane so that, during oscillation of the sail portion, either a surface of the sail portion or of the fin impedes the fluid flow when a surface of the other is substantially parallel to such fluid flow, thereby counteracting stalling of vane oscillation to facilitate continuous rotation of the crankshaft during fluid flow; and d) harvesting energy from the crankshaft when rotating. | 2,800 |
338,681 | 16,641,753 | 2,832 | An electrolyser arrangement with at least one electrolytic cell, having two electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode, each of the two electrodes being in contact with an electrode compartment for filling with a liquid electrolyte, the two electrode compartments being separated by a membrane and a conveying device being provided, one for each of the two electrodes, for conveying the electrolyte in each case in a circuit, a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, through the electrode compartment via at least one collection vessel per circuit and back into the electrode chamber. A device is provided outside the electrolytic cell, for conveying an auxiliary volume flow between the cathode circuit and the anode circuit. | 1. An electrolyzer arrangement having comprising:
at least one electrolysis cell comprising two electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode, wherein each of the two electrodes is in contact with an electrode space for filling with a liquid electrolyte, wherein the two electrode spaces are separated by a membrane, a conveyor apparatus for each of the two electrodes for conveying the electrolyte through the electrode space in a respective circuit, comprising a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, and an apparatus outside the electrolysis cell for conveying a secondary volume flow between the cathode circuit and the anode circuit. 2. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode circuit and the anode circuit each have a collecting container. 3. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first secondary volume flow takes place between a first collecting container and the second collecting container. 4. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a second conveyor apparatus for producing a second secondary volume flow between the two circuits, which takes place in the opposite direction from the first secondary volume flow. 5. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 4,
wherein the second conveyor apparatus for producing the second secondary volume flow is configured in the form of a membrane module. 6. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 5,
wherein both the cathode circuit and the anode circuit pass through the membrane module. 7. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:
a pump apparatus between the collecting containers in order to bring about the second secondary volume flow. 8. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
an overflow or a pump apparatus between the two collecting containers in order to bring about the first partial volume flow. 9. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the membrane between the electrode spaces is a cation permeable membrane. 10. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the secondary volume flow takes place from the cathode circuit to the anode circuit. 11. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a vapor deposition container in the cathode circuit and/or in the anode circuit and there is provision for a connecting line from one of the vapor deposition containers to an educt supply apparatus. 12. A method for operating an electrolyzer having at least one electrolysis cell that in turn has two electrodes, comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein each electrode has an electrode space through which a liquid electrolyte having a conducting salt dissolved therein is conveyed in a respective conveyor circuit namely in a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, in a respective primary volume flow and wherein the two electrode spaces and hence the electrolyte contained therein are separated by a membrane, the method comprising:
conveying the electrolyte from one circuit to a second circuit in a secondary volume flow. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12,
wherein the secondary volume flow is at least 0.01 and at most 10% of the larger of the two primary volume flows. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the secondary volume flow is at least 0.1 and at most 1% of the larger of the two primary volume flows. 15. The method as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a collecting container in each of the two circuits; wherein the electrolyte in the secondary volume flow is conveyed from a first collecting container to a second collecting container. | An electrolyser arrangement with at least one electrolytic cell, having two electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode, each of the two electrodes being in contact with an electrode compartment for filling with a liquid electrolyte, the two electrode compartments being separated by a membrane and a conveying device being provided, one for each of the two electrodes, for conveying the electrolyte in each case in a circuit, a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, through the electrode compartment via at least one collection vessel per circuit and back into the electrode chamber. A device is provided outside the electrolytic cell, for conveying an auxiliary volume flow between the cathode circuit and the anode circuit.1. An electrolyzer arrangement having comprising:
at least one electrolysis cell comprising two electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode, wherein each of the two electrodes is in contact with an electrode space for filling with a liquid electrolyte, wherein the two electrode spaces are separated by a membrane, a conveyor apparatus for each of the two electrodes for conveying the electrolyte through the electrode space in a respective circuit, comprising a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, and an apparatus outside the electrolysis cell for conveying a secondary volume flow between the cathode circuit and the anode circuit. 2. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode circuit and the anode circuit each have a collecting container. 3. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first secondary volume flow takes place between a first collecting container and the second collecting container. 4. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a second conveyor apparatus for producing a second secondary volume flow between the two circuits, which takes place in the opposite direction from the first secondary volume flow. 5. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 4,
wherein the second conveyor apparatus for producing the second secondary volume flow is configured in the form of a membrane module. 6. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 5,
wherein both the cathode circuit and the anode circuit pass through the membrane module. 7. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:
a pump apparatus between the collecting containers in order to bring about the second secondary volume flow. 8. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
an overflow or a pump apparatus between the two collecting containers in order to bring about the first partial volume flow. 9. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the membrane between the electrode spaces is a cation permeable membrane. 10. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the secondary volume flow takes place from the cathode circuit to the anode circuit. 11. The electrolyzer arrangement as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a vapor deposition container in the cathode circuit and/or in the anode circuit and there is provision for a connecting line from one of the vapor deposition containers to an educt supply apparatus. 12. A method for operating an electrolyzer having at least one electrolysis cell that in turn has two electrodes, comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein each electrode has an electrode space through which a liquid electrolyte having a conducting salt dissolved therein is conveyed in a respective conveyor circuit namely in a cathode circuit and an anode circuit, in a respective primary volume flow and wherein the two electrode spaces and hence the electrolyte contained therein are separated by a membrane, the method comprising:
conveying the electrolyte from one circuit to a second circuit in a secondary volume flow. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12,
wherein the secondary volume flow is at least 0.01 and at most 10% of the larger of the two primary volume flows. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the secondary volume flow is at least 0.1 and at most 1% of the larger of the two primary volume flows. 15. The method as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a collecting container in each of the two circuits; wherein the electrolyte in the secondary volume flow is conveyed from a first collecting container to a second collecting container. | 2,800 |
338,682 | 16,641,757 | 2,832 | A color filter, a method for manufacturing a color filter, a color filter substrate, and a display device are disclosed. The color filter includes a first quantum dot light emitting layer and a first reflective layer. The first quantum dot light emitting layer has a light incident surface; and the first reflective layer is on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, the first quantum dot light emitting layer includes a plurality of first quantum dots, the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of a second wavelength, and the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength. | 1: A color filter, comprising:
a first quantum dot light emitting layer, having a light incident surface; and a first reflective layer, on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer comprises a plurality of first quantum dots, the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of a second wavelength, and the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength. 2: The color filter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second quantum dot light emitting layer between the first quantum dot light emitting layer and the first reflective layer, wherein the second quantum dot light emitting layer comprises a plurality of second quantum dots and a plurality of light absorbing materials, the second quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of the first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of the second wavelength, and the light absorbing materials are configured to absorb the light of the first wavelength. 3: The color filter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second reflective layer, on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. 4: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein the light of the first wavelength is blue light, and the light of the second wavelength is red light or green light. 5: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein the first reflective layer comprises a plurality of first sub-reflective layers in a sequential arrangement, each of the first sub-reflective layers comprises a first refractive index layer and a second refractive index layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the light incident surface to the first reflective layer, and
a refractive index of the first refractive index layer is greater than a refractive index of the second refractive index layer. 6: The color filter according to claim 2, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer is in contact with the second quantum dot light emitting layer. 7: The color filter according to claim 3, wherein the second reflective layer comprises a plurality of second sub-reflective layers in a sequential arrangement, each of the second sub-reflective layers comprises a third refractive index layer and a fourth refractive index layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the light incident surface to the first reflective layer, and
a refractive index of the third refractive index layer is less than a refractive index of the fourth refractive index layer. 8: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first reflective layer is in a range of 400 nm to 600 nm. 9: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein a particle size of each of the first quantum dots is in a range of 7 nm to 10 nm. 10: A color filter substrate, comprising the color filter according to claim 1. 11: The color filter substrate according to claim 10, further comprising: a blue filter region,
wherein the blue filter region is configured to transmit blue light. 12: A display device, comprising the color filter according to claim 1. 13: A method for manufacturing a color filter, comprising:
mixing a plurality of first quantum dots into a first organic solvent to form a first light emitting layer material; using the first light emitting layer material to form a first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer has a light incident surface, and the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength to emit light of a second wavelength; and forming a first reflective layer on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, wherein the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength. 14: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 13, further comprising:
mixing a plurality of second quantum dots and a plurality of light absorbing materials into a second organic solvent to form a second light emitting layer material, wherein the second quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of the first wavelength to emit light of the second wavelength, and the light absorbing materials are configured to absorb the light of the first wavelength; and using the second light emitting layer material to form a second quantum dot light emitting layer between the first quantum dot light emitting layer and the first reflective layer. 15: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of a mass percentage of the second quantum dots to a mass percentage of the light absorbing materials in the second light emitting layer material is in a range of 1 to 2. 16: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a second reflective layer on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. 17: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 13, wherein the first light emitting layer material further comprises a resin, a photoinitiator, and an additive, and
a total mass percentage of the first quantum dots, the resin, the photoinitiator, and the additive in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 15% to 30%. 18: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 17, wherein a mass percentage of the first quantum dots in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 5% to 10%, and a mass percentage of the resin in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 5% to 25%. 19: The color filter according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second reflective layer, on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. | A color filter, a method for manufacturing a color filter, a color filter substrate, and a display device are disclosed. The color filter includes a first quantum dot light emitting layer and a first reflective layer. The first quantum dot light emitting layer has a light incident surface; and the first reflective layer is on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, the first quantum dot light emitting layer includes a plurality of first quantum dots, the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of a second wavelength, and the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength.1: A color filter, comprising:
a first quantum dot light emitting layer, having a light incident surface; and a first reflective layer, on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer comprises a plurality of first quantum dots, the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of a second wavelength, and the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength. 2: The color filter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second quantum dot light emitting layer between the first quantum dot light emitting layer and the first reflective layer, wherein the second quantum dot light emitting layer comprises a plurality of second quantum dots and a plurality of light absorbing materials, the second quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of the first wavelength from the light incident surface to emit light of the second wavelength, and the light absorbing materials are configured to absorb the light of the first wavelength. 3: The color filter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second reflective layer, on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. 4: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein the light of the first wavelength is blue light, and the light of the second wavelength is red light or green light. 5: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein the first reflective layer comprises a plurality of first sub-reflective layers in a sequential arrangement, each of the first sub-reflective layers comprises a first refractive index layer and a second refractive index layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the light incident surface to the first reflective layer, and
a refractive index of the first refractive index layer is greater than a refractive index of the second refractive index layer. 6: The color filter according to claim 2, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer is in contact with the second quantum dot light emitting layer. 7: The color filter according to claim 3, wherein the second reflective layer comprises a plurality of second sub-reflective layers in a sequential arrangement, each of the second sub-reflective layers comprises a third refractive index layer and a fourth refractive index layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the light incident surface to the first reflective layer, and
a refractive index of the third refractive index layer is less than a refractive index of the fourth refractive index layer. 8: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first reflective layer is in a range of 400 nm to 600 nm. 9: The color filter according to claim 1, wherein a particle size of each of the first quantum dots is in a range of 7 nm to 10 nm. 10: A color filter substrate, comprising the color filter according to claim 1. 11: The color filter substrate according to claim 10, further comprising: a blue filter region,
wherein the blue filter region is configured to transmit blue light. 12: A display device, comprising the color filter according to claim 1. 13: A method for manufacturing a color filter, comprising:
mixing a plurality of first quantum dots into a first organic solvent to form a first light emitting layer material; using the first light emitting layer material to form a first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the first quantum dot light emitting layer has a light incident surface, and the first quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of a first wavelength to emit light of a second wavelength; and forming a first reflective layer on a side of the first quantum dot light emitting layer away from the light incident surface, wherein the first reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the second wavelength and reflect the light of the first wavelength. 14: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 13, further comprising:
mixing a plurality of second quantum dots and a plurality of light absorbing materials into a second organic solvent to form a second light emitting layer material, wherein the second quantum dots are configured to be stimulated by light of the first wavelength to emit light of the second wavelength, and the light absorbing materials are configured to absorb the light of the first wavelength; and using the second light emitting layer material to form a second quantum dot light emitting layer between the first quantum dot light emitting layer and the first reflective layer. 15: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of a mass percentage of the second quantum dots to a mass percentage of the light absorbing materials in the second light emitting layer material is in a range of 1 to 2. 16: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a second reflective layer on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. 17: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 13, wherein the first light emitting layer material further comprises a resin, a photoinitiator, and an additive, and
a total mass percentage of the first quantum dots, the resin, the photoinitiator, and the additive in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 15% to 30%. 18: The method for manufacturing the color filter according to claim 17, wherein a mass percentage of the first quantum dots in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 5% to 10%, and a mass percentage of the resin in the first light emitting layer material is in a range of 5% to 25%. 19: The color filter according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second reflective layer, on a side, where the light incident surface is, of the first quantum dot light emitting layer, wherein the second reflective layer is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength and reflect the light of the second wavelength. | 2,800 |
338,683 | 16,641,736 | 2,832 | A method and arrangement for detecting partial discharges in an electric operating device, wherein electromagnetic pulses are detected by means of a sensor device, a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic pulses is selected by a filter device, the narrow frequency band is amplified by an amplifier device, and signals contained in the narrow frequency band are compared with a threshold value for the amplitude by an evaluation device, wherein a partial discharge is identified in the event that the threshold value is exceeded. | 1. A method for detecting partial discharges for an electrical apparatus, comprising:
capturing electromagnetic pulses with a sensor device, selecting a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic pulses with a filter device, amplifying the narrow frequency band each time with an amplifier device, and comparing signals contained in the narrow frequency band with a threshold value for the amplitude with an evaluation device, wherein a partial discharge is detected when the threshold value is exceeded. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the signal of a detected partial discharge is converted into a digital signal by means of a flipflop output. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the flipflop output used is a Schmitt trigger. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein a sample-and-hold element is used to extend the duration of the signal. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein analog electrical circuits are used each time for the sensor device, the filter device, the amplifier device, the flipflop output, the sample-and-hold element and the evaluation device. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the electromagnetic signals are captured in a frequency range up to 2 GHz and in that a frequency width of no more than 200 MHz is used for the narrow frequency band. 7. The method (1) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein a gas-insulated electrical switchgear unit is used for the apparatus. 8. An arrangement for detecting partial discharges for an electrical apparatus, comprising:
a sensor device for capturing electromagnetic signals, a filter device designed to select a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic signals, an amplifier device designed to amplify the narrow frequency band each time, and an evaluation device designed to compare signals contained in the narrow frequency band with a threshold value for the amplitude, wherein a partial discharge is detected if when the threshold value is exceeded. 9. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a flipflop output designed to convert a partial discharge into a digital signal. 10. The arrangement as claimed in claim 9,
wherein the flipflop output comprises a Schmitt trigger. 11. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a sample-and-hold element for extending the duration of the signal. 12. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the sensor device, the filter device, the amplifier device, the flipflop output, the sample-and-hold element and the evaluation device are each in the form of analog electrical circuits. 13. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the electromagnetic signals have a frequency range of up to 2 GHz and in that the narrow frequency band has a frequency width of no more than 200 MHz. 14. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the apparatus comprises a gas-insulated electrical switchgear unit. | A method and arrangement for detecting partial discharges in an electric operating device, wherein electromagnetic pulses are detected by means of a sensor device, a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic pulses is selected by a filter device, the narrow frequency band is amplified by an amplifier device, and signals contained in the narrow frequency band are compared with a threshold value for the amplitude by an evaluation device, wherein a partial discharge is identified in the event that the threshold value is exceeded.1. A method for detecting partial discharges for an electrical apparatus, comprising:
capturing electromagnetic pulses with a sensor device, selecting a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic pulses with a filter device, amplifying the narrow frequency band each time with an amplifier device, and comparing signals contained in the narrow frequency band with a threshold value for the amplitude with an evaluation device, wherein a partial discharge is detected when the threshold value is exceeded. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the signal of a detected partial discharge is converted into a digital signal by means of a flipflop output. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the flipflop output used is a Schmitt trigger. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein a sample-and-hold element is used to extend the duration of the signal. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein analog electrical circuits are used each time for the sensor device, the filter device, the amplifier device, the flipflop output, the sample-and-hold element and the evaluation device. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the electromagnetic signals are captured in a frequency range up to 2 GHz and in that a frequency width of no more than 200 MHz is used for the narrow frequency band. 7. The method (1) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein a gas-insulated electrical switchgear unit is used for the apparatus. 8. An arrangement for detecting partial discharges for an electrical apparatus, comprising:
a sensor device for capturing electromagnetic signals, a filter device designed to select a narrow frequency band from a frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic signals, an amplifier device designed to amplify the narrow frequency band each time, and an evaluation device designed to compare signals contained in the narrow frequency band with a threshold value for the amplitude, wherein a partial discharge is detected if when the threshold value is exceeded. 9. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a flipflop output designed to convert a partial discharge into a digital signal. 10. The arrangement as claimed in claim 9,
wherein the flipflop output comprises a Schmitt trigger. 11. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a sample-and-hold element for extending the duration of the signal. 12. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the sensor device, the filter device, the amplifier device, the flipflop output, the sample-and-hold element and the evaluation device are each in the form of analog electrical circuits. 13. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the electromagnetic signals have a frequency range of up to 2 GHz and in that the narrow frequency band has a frequency width of no more than 200 MHz. 14. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the apparatus comprises a gas-insulated electrical switchgear unit. | 2,800 |
338,684 | 16,641,721 | 2,832 | A switchgear includes a movable part capable of reciprocating movement, a movable contact coupled to the movable part and capable of reciprocating movement relative to the movable part, a biasing member that biases the movable contact, a latch capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact. When the movable part and the movable contact move in a first direction, after movement for a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch in the first state, and then, when the movable part has moved further in the first direction, the latch is switched to the second state. | 1. A switchgear comprising:
a movable part capable of reciprocating movement including movement in a first direction and movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a movable contact coupled to the movable part on a side of the first direction, the movable contact being capable of reciprocating movement including movement in the first direction and movement in the second direction relative to the movable part; a first biasing member to bias the movable contact in the first direction relative to the movable part; a latch part capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted; and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact, wherein the movable part and the movable contact move in the first direction from initial positions at which the movable contact is away from the fixed contact to closed positions at which the movable contact is in contact with the fixed contact, in a process in which the movable part and the movable contact move from the initial positions to the closed positions, after the movable part and the movable contact have moved a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch part in the first state, and when the movable part has moved further in the first direction against biasing force of the first biasing member after the movement of the movable contact was restricted, the latch part is switched to the second state in which the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, the latch part includes a magnet, and a metallic member, the metallic member being attracted by the magnet from a side of the first direction when the movable part and the movable contact are at the initial positions, the movable contact includes an abutment portion to come into contact with part of the metallic member avoiding the magnet from a side of the second direction when the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted by the latch part, and the switchgear further comprises a second biasing member to bias the metallic member in the second direction. 2. The switchgear according to claim 1, further comprising:
a partition wall to divide a space surrounding the movable contact into a first space containing the fixed contact, the magnet, and the metallic member, and a second space containing the movable part, wherein the movable contact has a distal end passing through the partition wall and entering the first space, the distal end being an end on a side of the first direction, the movable contact is provided with a linear seal enabling reciprocating movement of the movable contact while ensuring airtightness between the first space and the second space, the linear seal being provided on a part, which passes through the partition wall, of the movable contact, and a pressure in the first space is higher than that in the second space. 3. A switchgear comprising:
a movable part capable of reciprocating movement including movement in a first direction and movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a movable contact coupled to the movable part on a side of the first direction, the movable contact being capable of reciprocating movement including movement in the first direction and movement in the second direction relative to the movable part; a first biasing member to bias the movable contact in the first direction relative to the movable part; a latch part capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted; and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact, wherein the movable part and the movable contact move in the first direction from initial positions at which the movable contact is away from the fixed contact to closed positions at which the movable contact is in contact with the fixed contact, in a process in which the movable part and the movable contact move from the initial positions to the closed positions, after the movable part and the movable contact have moved a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch part in the first state, and when the movable part has moved further in the first direction against biasing force of the first biasing member after the movement of the movable contact was restricted, the latch part is switched to the second state in which the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, the latch part includes a magnet, and a metallic member, the metallic member being attracted by the magnet from a side of the first direction when the movable part and the movable contact are at the initial positions, the movable contact includes an abutment portion to come into contact with part of the metallic member avoiding the magnet from a side of the second direction when the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted by the latch part, the switchgear further comprises a partition wall to divide a space surrounding the movable contact into a first space containing the fixed contact, the magnet, and the metallic member, and a second space containing the movable part, the movable contact has a distal end passing through the partition wall and entering the first space, the distal end being an end on a side of the first direction, the movable contact is provided with a linear seal enabling reciprocating movement of the movable contact while ensuring airtightness between the first space and the second space, the linear seal being provided on a part, which passes through the partition wall, of the movable contact, and a pressure in the first space is higher than that in the second space. 4. The switchgear according to claim 1, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. 5. The switchgear according to claim 2, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. 6. The switchgear according to claim 3, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. | A switchgear includes a movable part capable of reciprocating movement, a movable contact coupled to the movable part and capable of reciprocating movement relative to the movable part, a biasing member that biases the movable contact, a latch capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact. When the movable part and the movable contact move in a first direction, after movement for a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch in the first state, and then, when the movable part has moved further in the first direction, the latch is switched to the second state.1. A switchgear comprising:
a movable part capable of reciprocating movement including movement in a first direction and movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a movable contact coupled to the movable part on a side of the first direction, the movable contact being capable of reciprocating movement including movement in the first direction and movement in the second direction relative to the movable part; a first biasing member to bias the movable contact in the first direction relative to the movable part; a latch part capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted; and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact, wherein the movable part and the movable contact move in the first direction from initial positions at which the movable contact is away from the fixed contact to closed positions at which the movable contact is in contact with the fixed contact, in a process in which the movable part and the movable contact move from the initial positions to the closed positions, after the movable part and the movable contact have moved a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch part in the first state, and when the movable part has moved further in the first direction against biasing force of the first biasing member after the movement of the movable contact was restricted, the latch part is switched to the second state in which the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, the latch part includes a magnet, and a metallic member, the metallic member being attracted by the magnet from a side of the first direction when the movable part and the movable contact are at the initial positions, the movable contact includes an abutment portion to come into contact with part of the metallic member avoiding the magnet from a side of the second direction when the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted by the latch part, and the switchgear further comprises a second biasing member to bias the metallic member in the second direction. 2. The switchgear according to claim 1, further comprising:
a partition wall to divide a space surrounding the movable contact into a first space containing the fixed contact, the magnet, and the metallic member, and a second space containing the movable part, wherein the movable contact has a distal end passing through the partition wall and entering the first space, the distal end being an end on a side of the first direction, the movable contact is provided with a linear seal enabling reciprocating movement of the movable contact while ensuring airtightness between the first space and the second space, the linear seal being provided on a part, which passes through the partition wall, of the movable contact, and a pressure in the first space is higher than that in the second space. 3. A switchgear comprising:
a movable part capable of reciprocating movement including movement in a first direction and movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a movable contact coupled to the movable part on a side of the first direction, the movable contact being capable of reciprocating movement including movement in the first direction and movement in the second direction relative to the movable part; a first biasing member to bias the movable contact in the first direction relative to the movable part; a latch part capable of switching between a first state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted and a second state in which movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted; and a fixed contact provided on a side of the first direction with respect to the movable contact, wherein the movable part and the movable contact move in the first direction from initial positions at which the movable contact is away from the fixed contact to closed positions at which the movable contact is in contact with the fixed contact, in a process in which the movable part and the movable contact move from the initial positions to the closed positions, after the movable part and the movable contact have moved a predetermined distance, the movement of the movable contact is restricted by the latch part in the first state, and when the movable part has moved further in the first direction against biasing force of the first biasing member after the movement of the movable contact was restricted, the latch part is switched to the second state in which the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is permitted, the latch part includes a magnet, and a metallic member, the metallic member being attracted by the magnet from a side of the first direction when the movable part and the movable contact are at the initial positions, the movable contact includes an abutment portion to come into contact with part of the metallic member avoiding the magnet from a side of the second direction when the movement of the movable contact in the first direction is restricted by the latch part, the switchgear further comprises a partition wall to divide a space surrounding the movable contact into a first space containing the fixed contact, the magnet, and the metallic member, and a second space containing the movable part, the movable contact has a distal end passing through the partition wall and entering the first space, the distal end being an end on a side of the first direction, the movable contact is provided with a linear seal enabling reciprocating movement of the movable contact while ensuring airtightness between the first space and the second space, the linear seal being provided on a part, which passes through the partition wall, of the movable contact, and a pressure in the first space is higher than that in the second space. 4. The switchgear according to claim 1, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. 5. The switchgear according to claim 2, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. 6. The switchgear according to claim 3, further comprising: a driver to move the movable part. | 2,800 |
338,685 | 16,641,716 | 2,832 | A key exchange technique of performing a key exchange among N (≥2) parties, which can conceal metadata on communication, is provided. A key exchange method includes: a first key generation step in which a communication device Ui generates a first key; a first anonymous broadcast step in which the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key with a set R−{Ui} being designated for i∈{1, . . . , n} and the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key with φ being designated for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}; a second key generation step in which the communication device Ui generates a second key; a second anonymous broadcast step in which the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key with the set R−{Ui} being designated for i∈{1, . . . , n} and the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key with φ being designated for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}; and a session key generation step in which the communication device Ui generates a session key SK for i∈{1, . . . , n} if a predetermined condition is satisfied. | 1. An anonymous broadcast method, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the anonymous broadcast method allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share messages M1, . . . , Mn, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dk1 (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, and ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, and the anonymous broadcast method includes
a cipher text generation step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui generates a signature ωi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (IDi, Mi)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (IDi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi and a message Mi and generates cipher text Ci←(Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, (IDi, ωi, Mi), (R−{Ui})) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, plaintext (IDi, ωi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi, the signature ωi, and the message Mi, and a set R−{Ui}, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui generates cipher text Ci which is a dummy message,
a cipher text obtaining step in which, for i∈{1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui obtains cipher text {C1, . . . , CN} obtained by a shuffle performed by a mix-net, and
a message reconstruction step in which, for i∈{1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui generates a message (IDk, ωk, Mk)←(Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j), Ck) from a decryption key Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j) and cipher text Ck (1≤k≤N) and, if Ui∈R−{Uk}, generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, Mk, ωk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj and the message (IDk, ωk, Mk), and, if a signature (Ok is successfully verified, regards a message Mk as a message transmitted from a communication device Uk with an identifier IDk and the communication device Ui∈R obtains the messages M1, . . . , Mn. 2. A key exchange method, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the key exchange method allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share a session key SK, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dki (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, G is assumed to be a finite cyclic group of prime number order p with generators g and h, and ∥ is assumed to be a concatenation operator, secret strings sti and st′i j are recorded on a recording unit of the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N), and the key exchange method includes
a first key generation step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui calculates ri, ki, and si using the secret strings sti and st′i by a twisted pseudo-random function and generates a first key (Ri, ci) by calculating Ri=gr_i and ci=gk_ihs_i, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui randomly selects Ri, ci∈RG and generates a first key (Ri, ci),
a first anonymous broadcast step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key (Ri, ci) with a set R−{Ui} being designated, and
for i∈(n+1, . . . , N), the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key (Ri, ci) with φ, which means no recipient, being designated,
a second key generation step in which
for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui calculates a session ID sid using ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Ri−1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, Ri+1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ti by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and Ki (r), randomly selects T′i∈RZp 2, generates a signature σi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (R, Ri, c1, ki, si, Ti, T′i)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (R, Ri, ci, ki, si, Ti, T′i), and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
for i=1, a communication device U1 calculates a session ID sid from ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Rn r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, R2 r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates T1 by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and K1 (r), calculates T′ by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and k1∥s1, randomly selects k″1, s″1∈RZp, generates a signature σ1←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), (R, Ri, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′)) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j) and a message (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, Ti, T′), and generates a second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1), and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui randomly selects ki, si∈RZp, Ti, T′i∈RZp 2, and σi∈RΣ (where Σ is a signature space) and generates a second key (ki, si, T1, T′i, σi),
a second anonymous broadcast step in which
for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σ1) with the set R−{Ui} being designated,
for i=1, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) with a set R−{U1} being designated, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σ1) with the φ being designated, and
a session key generation step in which
for i∈{2, n}, when the communication device Ui obtains the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) and a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n, k≠i), the communication device Ui generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk, if the signature σk is successfully verified, calculates K1 (l) by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and an exclusive OR of Tj (1≤j≤i−1), calculates k1∥s1 by an exclusive OR of T′ and K1 (l), and, if ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function, and
for i=1, when the communication device U1 obtains a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n), the communication device U1 generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk and, if the signature σk is successfully verified and ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function. 3. An anonymous broadcast system, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the anonymous broadcast system allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share messages M1, . . . , Mn, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dk1 (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, and ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N) includes an anonymous broadcast unit, and the anonymous broadcast unit includes
a cipher text generation unit that
generates, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, a signature ωi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (IDi, Mi)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (IDi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi and a message Mi and generates cipher text Ci←(Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, (IDi, ωi, Mi), (R−{Ui})) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, plaintext (IDi, ωi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi, the signature σi, and the message Mi, and a set R−{Ui}, and
generates, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, cipher text Q which is a dummy message,
a cipher text obtaining unit that obtains cipher text {C1, . . . , CN}obtained by a shuffle performed by a mix-net, and
a message reconstruction unit that
generates a message (IDk, ωk, Mk)←(Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j), Ck) from a decryption key Σj=1, . . . , Ldk1 (j) and cipher text Ck (1≤k≤N),
generates, for i∈{1, . . . , n} (where i≠k), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, Mk, ωk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj and the message (IDk, ωk, Mk) and, if a signature ωk is successfully verified, regards a message Mk as a message transmitted from a communication device Uk with an identifier IDk, and
obtains, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the messages M1, . . . , Mn. 4. A key exchange system, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the key exchange system allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share a session key SK, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dki (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, G is assumed to be a finite cyclic group of prime number order p with generators g and h, and ∥ is assumed to be a concatenation operator, and the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N) includes
a recording unit on which secret strings sti and st′i are recorded,
a first key generation unit that
calculates, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, ri, ki, and si using the secret strings sti and st′i by a twisted pseudo-random function and generates a first key (Ri, ci) by calculating Ri=gr_i and ci=gk_ihs_i, and
randomly selects, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, Ri, ci∈RG and generates a first key (Ri, ci),
a first anonymous broadcast unit that
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the first key (Ri, ci) with a set R−{Ui} being designated, and
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the first key (Ri, ci) with φ, which means no recipient, being designated,
a second key generation unit that
calculates, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, a session ID sid using ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Ri−1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, Ri+1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ti by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and Ki (r), randomly selects T′i∈RZp 2, generates a signature σi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (R, Ri, ci, ki, si, Ti, T′i)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (R, Ri, ci, ki, S1, Ti, T′i), and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
calculates, for i=1, a session ID sid from ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Rn r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, R2 r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates T1 by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and K1 (r), calculates T′ by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and k1∥s1, randomly selects k″1, s″1∈RZp, generates a signature σ1←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′)) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), and a message (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′), and generates a second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1), and
randomly selects, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, ki, si∈RZp, Ti, T′i∈RZp 2, and σi∈RΣ (where Σ is a signature space) and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
a second anonymous broadcast unit that
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi) with the set R−{Ui} being designated,
anonymously broadcasts, for i=1, the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) with a set R−{U1} being designated, and
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi) with the φ being designated, and
a session key generation unit that
generates, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, when obtaining the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) and a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n, k≠i), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk, if the signature σk is successfully verified, calculates K1 (l) by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and an exclusive OR of Tj (1≤j≤i−1), calculates k1∥s1 by an exclusive OR of T′ and K1 (l), and, if ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function, and
generates, for i=1, when obtaining a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk and, if the signature σk is successfully verified and ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function. 5. A communication device with which the anonymous broadcast system according to claim 3 or the key exchange system according to claim 4 is configured. 6. A program for making a computer function as a communication device with which the anonymous broadcast system according to claim 3 or the key exchange system according to claim 4 is configured. | A key exchange technique of performing a key exchange among N (≥2) parties, which can conceal metadata on communication, is provided. A key exchange method includes: a first key generation step in which a communication device Ui generates a first key; a first anonymous broadcast step in which the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key with a set R−{Ui} being designated for i∈{1, . . . , n} and the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key with φ being designated for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}; a second key generation step in which the communication device Ui generates a second key; a second anonymous broadcast step in which the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key with the set R−{Ui} being designated for i∈{1, . . . , n} and the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key with φ being designated for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}; and a session key generation step in which the communication device Ui generates a session key SK for i∈{1, . . . , n} if a predetermined condition is satisfied.1. An anonymous broadcast method, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the anonymous broadcast method allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share messages M1, . . . , Mn, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dk1 (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, and ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, and the anonymous broadcast method includes
a cipher text generation step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui generates a signature ωi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (IDi, Mi)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (IDi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi and a message Mi and generates cipher text Ci←(Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, (IDi, ωi, Mi), (R−{Ui})) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, plaintext (IDi, ωi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi, the signature ωi, and the message Mi, and a set R−{Ui}, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui generates cipher text Ci which is a dummy message,
a cipher text obtaining step in which, for i∈{1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui obtains cipher text {C1, . . . , CN} obtained by a shuffle performed by a mix-net, and
a message reconstruction step in which, for i∈{1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui generates a message (IDk, ωk, Mk)←(Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j), Ck) from a decryption key Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j) and cipher text Ck (1≤k≤N) and, if Ui∈R−{Uk}, generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, Mk, ωk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj and the message (IDk, ωk, Mk), and, if a signature (Ok is successfully verified, regards a message Mk as a message transmitted from a communication device Uk with an identifier IDk and the communication device Ui∈R obtains the messages M1, . . . , Mn. 2. A key exchange method, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the key exchange method allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share a session key SK, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dki (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, G is assumed to be a finite cyclic group of prime number order p with generators g and h, and ∥ is assumed to be a concatenation operator, secret strings sti and st′i j are recorded on a recording unit of the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N), and the key exchange method includes
a first key generation step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui calculates ri, ki, and si using the secret strings sti and st′i by a twisted pseudo-random function and generates a first key (Ri, ci) by calculating Ri=gr_i and ci=gk_ihs_i, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui randomly selects Ri, ci∈RG and generates a first key (Ri, ci),
a first anonymous broadcast step in which
for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key (Ri, ci) with a set R−{Ui} being designated, and
for i∈(n+1, . . . , N), the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the first key (Ri, ci) with φ, which means no recipient, being designated,
a second key generation step in which
for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui calculates a session ID sid using ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Ri−1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, Ri+1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ti by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and Ki (r), randomly selects T′i∈RZp 2, generates a signature σi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (R, Ri, c1, ki, si, Ti, T′i)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (R, Ri, ci, ki, si, Ti, T′i), and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
for i=1, a communication device U1 calculates a session ID sid from ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Rn r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, R2 r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates T1 by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and K1 (r), calculates T′ by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and k1∥s1, randomly selects k″1, s″1∈RZp, generates a signature σ1←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), (R, Ri, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′)) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j) and a message (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, Ti, T′), and generates a second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1), and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui randomly selects ki, si∈RZp, Ti, T′i∈RZp 2, and σi∈RΣ (where Σ is a signature space) and generates a second key (ki, si, T1, T′i, σi),
a second anonymous broadcast step in which
for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σ1) with the set R−{Ui} being designated,
for i=1, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) with a set R−{U1} being designated, and
for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the communication device Ui anonymously broadcasts the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σ1) with the φ being designated, and
a session key generation step in which
for i∈{2, n}, when the communication device Ui obtains the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) and a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n, k≠i), the communication device Ui generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk, if the signature σk is successfully verified, calculates K1 (l) by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and an exclusive OR of Tj (1≤j≤i−1), calculates k1∥s1 by an exclusive OR of T′ and K1 (l), and, if ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function, and
for i=1, when the communication device U1 obtains a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n), the communication device U1 generates a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk and, if the signature σk is successfully verified and ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function. 3. An anonymous broadcast system, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the anonymous broadcast system allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share messages M1, . . . , Mn, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dk1 (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, and ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N) includes an anonymous broadcast unit, and the anonymous broadcast unit includes
a cipher text generation unit that
generates, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, a signature ωi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (IDi, Mi)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (IDi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi and a message Mi and generates cipher text Ci←(Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, (IDi, ωi, Mi), (R−{Ui})) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LMPKj, plaintext (IDi, ωi, Mi) which is a tuple of the identifier IDi, the signature σi, and the message Mi, and a set R−{Ui}, and
generates, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, cipher text Q which is a dummy message,
a cipher text obtaining unit that obtains cipher text {C1, . . . , CN}obtained by a shuffle performed by a mix-net, and
a message reconstruction unit that
generates a message (IDk, ωk, Mk)←(Σj=1, . . . , Ldki (j), Ck) from a decryption key Σj=1, . . . , Ldk1 (j) and cipher text Ck (1≤k≤N),
generates, for i∈{1, . . . , n} (where i≠k), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, Mk, ωk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj and the message (IDk, ωk, Mk) and, if a signature ωk is successfully verified, regards a message Mk as a message transmitted from a communication device Uk with an identifier IDk, and
obtains, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the messages M1, . . . , Mn. 4. A key exchange system, wherein
N is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and L is assumed to be an integer greater than or equal to 1, the key exchange system allows communication devices of N communication devices U1, . . . , UN, the communication devices included in a set R of communication devices={U1, . . . , Un} (2≤n≤N), to share a session key SK, IDi (1≤i≤N) is assumed to be an identifier of a communication device Ui, MPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, SMPKj (1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a master public key of an ID-based signature scheme, dki (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a decryption key of the anonymous ID-based broadcast encryption scheme, ski (j) (1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤L) is assumed to be a signature key of the ID-based signature scheme, G is assumed to be a finite cyclic group of prime number order p with generators g and h, and ∥ is assumed to be a concatenation operator, and the communication device Ui (1≤i≤N) includes
a recording unit on which secret strings sti and st′i are recorded,
a first key generation unit that
calculates, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, ri, ki, and si using the secret strings sti and st′i by a twisted pseudo-random function and generates a first key (Ri, ci) by calculating Ri=gr_i and ci=gk_ihs_i, and
randomly selects, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, Ri, ci∈RG and generates a first key (Ri, ci),
a first anonymous broadcast unit that
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{1, . . . , n}, the first key (Ri, ci) with a set R−{Ui} being designated, and
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the first key (Ri, ci) with φ, which means no recipient, being designated,
a second key generation unit that
calculates, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, a session ID sid using ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Ri−1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, Ri+1 r_i) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ti by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and Ki (r), randomly selects T′i∈RZp 2, generates a signature σi←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), (R, Ri, ci, ki, si, Ti, T′i)) from a master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lski (j), and a message (R, Ri, ci, ki, S1, Ti, T′i), and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
calculates, for i=1, a session ID sid from ck (1≤k≤n) by a target-collision resistant hash function, calculates Ki (l) using (sid, Rn r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates Ki (r) using (sid, R2 r_1) by a pseudo-random function, calculates T1 by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and K1 (r), calculates T′ by an exclusive OR of K1 (l) and k1∥s1, randomly selects k″1, s″1∈RZp, generates a signature σ1←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′)) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a signature key Σj=1, . . . , Lsk1 (j), and a message (R, R1, c1, k″1, s″1, T1, T′), and generates a second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1), and
randomly selects, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, ki, si∈RZp, Ti, T′i∈RZp 2, and σi∈RΣ (where Σ is a signature space) and generates a second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi),
a second anonymous broadcast unit that
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi) with the set R−{Ui} being designated,
anonymously broadcasts, for i=1, the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) with a set R−{U1} being designated, and
anonymously broadcasts, for i∈{n+1, . . . , N}, the second key (ki, si, Ti, T′i, σi) with the φ being designated, and
a session key generation unit that
generates, for i∈{2, . . . , n}, when obtaining the second key (k″1, s″1, T1, T′, σ1) and a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n, k≠i), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk, if the signature σk is successfully verified, calculates K1 (l) by an exclusive OR of Ki (l) and an exclusive OR of Tj (1≤j≤i−1), calculates k1∥s1 by an exclusive OR of T′ and K1 (l), and, if ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function, and
generates, for i=1, when obtaining a second key (kk, sk, Tk, T′k, σk) (2≤k≤n), a verification result Verk←(Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, IDk, (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), σk) from the master public key Σj=1, . . . , LSMPKj, a message (R, Rk, ck, kk, sk, Tk, T′k), and a signature σk and, if the signature σk is successfully verified and ck=gk_khs_k holds for k that satisfies 1≤k≤n, generates the session key SK using the sid and an exclusive OR of the ki (1≤i≤n) by a pseudo-random function. 5. A communication device with which the anonymous broadcast system according to claim 3 or the key exchange system according to claim 4 is configured. 6. A program for making a computer function as a communication device with which the anonymous broadcast system according to claim 3 or the key exchange system according to claim 4 is configured. | 2,800 |
338,686 | 16,641,729 | 2,832 | A method and device (1) for producing and machining screwed-in brushes (2). In the method and in the device, at least one grinding sleeve (4) is used to grind down free bristle ends (5) of a brush (2) to be machined and thus remove edges and/or burrs on the free bristle ends (5). | 1. A method for machining screwed-in brushes (2), the method comprising: abrading free bristle ends (5) of a screwed-in brush (2) with an abrasive sleeve (4). 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising before the abrading of the bristle ends (5), introducing the brush (2) at least with a set of bristles (6) thereof into the abrasive sleeve (4), and at least one of moving the abrasive sleeve (4) relative to the brush (2) or moving the brush (2) relative to the abrasive sleeve (4), in order to produce an abrasive movement. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising rotating at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) about a longitudinal center axis of the brush (2) or of the abrasive sleeve (4). 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising moving at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) linearly or axially with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4). 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) being first rotated in a first direction of rotation and subsequently rotated in a second opposite direction of rotation. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising machining the brush (2) successively by at least two of the abrasive sleeves (4). 7. A device (1) for machining screwed-in brushes (2), the device (1) comprising at least one clamping device (3) for a screwed-in brush (2) and at least one abrasive sleeve (4) configured to abrade free bristle ends (5) of a brush (2) clamped in the clamping device (3). 8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the abrasive sleeve (4) is configured at least for receiving at least one set of bristles (6) of the brush (2), and at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is configured to move in order to produce an abrasion movement for machining the free bristle ends (5) of the brush (2). 9. The device (1) as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is (a) rotatable about a longitudinal center axis of at least one of the brush (2), the abrasive sleeve (4), or the clamping device (3), and (b) movable linearly with respect to the longitudinal center axis of at least one of the brush (2), the abrasive sleeve (4), or the clamping device (3). 10. The device (1) as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a rotation drive (7) with which the at least one of abrasive sleeve (4) or the clamping device (3) is set into rotation, and a linear drive (9) with which at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is movable linearly or axially. 11. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a suction device (13) with at least one suction opening (14) which is assigned to at least one of the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) or to the at least one clamping device (3). 12. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a carousel machine (15) which includes a plurality of the clamping devices (3) revolving along a closed path (16), with the clamping devices (3) arranged on a common holding ring (17), said common holding ring being movable about an axis of rotation (19) of the device (1) by a carousel drive (18). 13. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein there are at least two different ones of the abrasive sleeves (4). 14. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising at least one of a cleaning device (20) for machined brushes (2), or a cleaning station (21) for the at least one clamping device (3). 15. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has an inner abrasive surface (23) that is at least one of provided or coated with an abrasive material. 16. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises abrasive block or of an abrasive paper wound to form a sleeve, or is sintered or 3D-printed. 17. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has at least one cross-sectional constriction (24) on an inner circumferential wall (25) thereof, and the cross-sectional constriction (24) runs helically or two or more cross-sectional constrictions (24) are arranged or formed at an axial distance from each other in the abrasive sleeve (4). 18. The device (1) as claimed in claim 17, wherein between the at least one cross-sectional constriction (24) and an inner circumferential wall (25) of the abrasive sleeve (4), said inner circumferential wall being adjacent to the cross-sectional constriction (24), at least one oblique surface (26) is formed which connects the cross-sectional constriction (24) and the inner circumferential wall (25) to each other. 19. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein an inside diameter of the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) is smaller than an outside diameter of a set of bristles (6) of the brush (2) which is to be machined with the device (1). 20. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises a single-part abrasive sleeve (4), or the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises a multi-part abrasive sleeve (4) including two or more partial sleeves (4 a). 21. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has an introducing cone, and the device (1) further comprises a funnel plate (27) arranged between the at least one clamping device (3) and the at least one abrasive sleeve (4), the funnel plate (27) has an introducing cone (28) which tapers toward the at least one abrasive sleeve (4), and a longitudinal center axis of the introducing cone (28) is congruent with a longitudinal center axis of the abrasive sleeve (4) arranged therebehind. 22. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has at least one inner suction opening (29) which opens into the abrasive sleeve (4). 23. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising at least one of an input device (30) or a removal device (31) for at least one of inputting or removing brushes (2). 24. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the clamping device (3) comprises at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) with which a handle (37) of one of the brushes (2) can be supported during the machining of the brush (2), and at least one holder (39) for the stabilizing sleeve (38), wherein the stabilizing sleeve at a distal end (40) thereof facing a set of bristles (6) of the brush (2) in the use position has an outer bevel (41) which forms an encircling supporting surface for bristle filaments (42) of the brush (2), said bristle filaments being arranged proximally in the set of bristles (6). 25. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has a clamp configured for the clamping of the brush (2), the clamp is arranged adjacent to a plug-in opening (44) of the stabilizing sleeve (38), through which the brush (2) is introducible by a handle (37) thereof into the stabilizing sleeve (38). 26. The device (1) as claimed in claim 25, wherein the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has a clamping sleeve (43) as the clamp, and clamping sleeve is movable relative to the stabilizing sleeve (38) into a clamping position by an adjusting force of an adjusting element (45), with the adjusting force being oriented into the clamping position. 27. The device (1) as claimed in claim 26, wherein the clamping sleeve (43) has at least one slot (43 a), is arranged within the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38), or has the at least one slot and is arranged within the stabilizing sleeve, and the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has, in an interior thereof, a clamping bevel (46) for deforming the clamp, and the clamping bevel (46) is arranged adjacent to the plug-in opening (44) of the stabilizing sleeve (38). 28. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one clamping device (3) comprises at least the holder (39) for the stabilizing sleeve (38), and at least one of an adjusting element (45) or a pressure transmission element (47) connected to the clamping sleeve (43) is arranged in or on the holder (39). 29. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, comprising a roller machine which has a clamping block (48) which is rotatable about a rotation axis (R) and on which a plurality of the clamping devices (3) are arranged. 30. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one clamping device (3) has at least one rapid clamp on the holder (39). 31. The device (1) as claimed in claim 23, wherein at least one of the input device (30) or the removal device (31) is configured to simultaneously input or remove a plurality of brushes (2) within one working cycle. 32. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device (52) configured to monitor at least one of an inputting, removal, or clamping of the at least one brush (2). 33. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a rapid clamping device (58) for the at least one abrasive sleeve (4). 34. The device (1) as claimed in claim 23, wherein at least one of the input device (30) is configured to be connected via at least one supply line (59) for brushes (2) to a station clamped upstream of the device (1), or the removal device (31) is configured to be connected via at least one supply line (59) for brushes (2) to a station clamped downstream of the device (1). | A method and device (1) for producing and machining screwed-in brushes (2). In the method and in the device, at least one grinding sleeve (4) is used to grind down free bristle ends (5) of a brush (2) to be machined and thus remove edges and/or burrs on the free bristle ends (5).1. A method for machining screwed-in brushes (2), the method comprising: abrading free bristle ends (5) of a screwed-in brush (2) with an abrasive sleeve (4). 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising before the abrading of the bristle ends (5), introducing the brush (2) at least with a set of bristles (6) thereof into the abrasive sleeve (4), and at least one of moving the abrasive sleeve (4) relative to the brush (2) or moving the brush (2) relative to the abrasive sleeve (4), in order to produce an abrasive movement. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising rotating at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) about a longitudinal center axis of the brush (2) or of the abrasive sleeve (4). 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising moving at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) linearly or axially with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4). 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the at least one of the brush (2) or the abrasive sleeve (4) being first rotated in a first direction of rotation and subsequently rotated in a second opposite direction of rotation. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising machining the brush (2) successively by at least two of the abrasive sleeves (4). 7. A device (1) for machining screwed-in brushes (2), the device (1) comprising at least one clamping device (3) for a screwed-in brush (2) and at least one abrasive sleeve (4) configured to abrade free bristle ends (5) of a brush (2) clamped in the clamping device (3). 8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the abrasive sleeve (4) is configured at least for receiving at least one set of bristles (6) of the brush (2), and at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is configured to move in order to produce an abrasion movement for machining the free bristle ends (5) of the brush (2). 9. The device (1) as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is (a) rotatable about a longitudinal center axis of at least one of the brush (2), the abrasive sleeve (4), or the clamping device (3), and (b) movable linearly with respect to the longitudinal center axis of at least one of the brush (2), the abrasive sleeve (4), or the clamping device (3). 10. The device (1) as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a rotation drive (7) with which the at least one of abrasive sleeve (4) or the clamping device (3) is set into rotation, and a linear drive (9) with which at least one of the clamping device (3) or the abrasive sleeve (4) is movable linearly or axially. 11. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a suction device (13) with at least one suction opening (14) which is assigned to at least one of the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) or to the at least one clamping device (3). 12. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a carousel machine (15) which includes a plurality of the clamping devices (3) revolving along a closed path (16), with the clamping devices (3) arranged on a common holding ring (17), said common holding ring being movable about an axis of rotation (19) of the device (1) by a carousel drive (18). 13. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein there are at least two different ones of the abrasive sleeves (4). 14. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising at least one of a cleaning device (20) for machined brushes (2), or a cleaning station (21) for the at least one clamping device (3). 15. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has an inner abrasive surface (23) that is at least one of provided or coated with an abrasive material. 16. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises abrasive block or of an abrasive paper wound to form a sleeve, or is sintered or 3D-printed. 17. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has at least one cross-sectional constriction (24) on an inner circumferential wall (25) thereof, and the cross-sectional constriction (24) runs helically or two or more cross-sectional constrictions (24) are arranged or formed at an axial distance from each other in the abrasive sleeve (4). 18. The device (1) as claimed in claim 17, wherein between the at least one cross-sectional constriction (24) and an inner circumferential wall (25) of the abrasive sleeve (4), said inner circumferential wall being adjacent to the cross-sectional constriction (24), at least one oblique surface (26) is formed which connects the cross-sectional constriction (24) and the inner circumferential wall (25) to each other. 19. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein an inside diameter of the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) is smaller than an outside diameter of a set of bristles (6) of the brush (2) which is to be machined with the device (1). 20. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises a single-part abrasive sleeve (4), or the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) comprises a multi-part abrasive sleeve (4) including two or more partial sleeves (4 a). 21. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has an introducing cone, and the device (1) further comprises a funnel plate (27) arranged between the at least one clamping device (3) and the at least one abrasive sleeve (4), the funnel plate (27) has an introducing cone (28) which tapers toward the at least one abrasive sleeve (4), and a longitudinal center axis of the introducing cone (28) is congruent with a longitudinal center axis of the abrasive sleeve (4) arranged therebehind. 22. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one abrasive sleeve (4) has at least one inner suction opening (29) which opens into the abrasive sleeve (4). 23. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising at least one of an input device (30) or a removal device (31) for at least one of inputting or removing brushes (2). 24. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the clamping device (3) comprises at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) with which a handle (37) of one of the brushes (2) can be supported during the machining of the brush (2), and at least one holder (39) for the stabilizing sleeve (38), wherein the stabilizing sleeve at a distal end (40) thereof facing a set of bristles (6) of the brush (2) in the use position has an outer bevel (41) which forms an encircling supporting surface for bristle filaments (42) of the brush (2), said bristle filaments being arranged proximally in the set of bristles (6). 25. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has a clamp configured for the clamping of the brush (2), the clamp is arranged adjacent to a plug-in opening (44) of the stabilizing sleeve (38), through which the brush (2) is introducible by a handle (37) thereof into the stabilizing sleeve (38). 26. The device (1) as claimed in claim 25, wherein the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has a clamping sleeve (43) as the clamp, and clamping sleeve is movable relative to the stabilizing sleeve (38) into a clamping position by an adjusting force of an adjusting element (45), with the adjusting force being oriented into the clamping position. 27. The device (1) as claimed in claim 26, wherein the clamping sleeve (43) has at least one slot (43 a), is arranged within the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38), or has the at least one slot and is arranged within the stabilizing sleeve, and the at least one stabilizing sleeve (38) has, in an interior thereof, a clamping bevel (46) for deforming the clamp, and the clamping bevel (46) is arranged adjacent to the plug-in opening (44) of the stabilizing sleeve (38). 28. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one clamping device (3) comprises at least the holder (39) for the stabilizing sleeve (38), and at least one of an adjusting element (45) or a pressure transmission element (47) connected to the clamping sleeve (43) is arranged in or on the holder (39). 29. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, comprising a roller machine which has a clamping block (48) which is rotatable about a rotation axis (R) and on which a plurality of the clamping devices (3) are arranged. 30. The device (1) as claimed in claim 24, wherein the at least one clamping device (3) has at least one rapid clamp on the holder (39). 31. The device (1) as claimed in claim 23, wherein at least one of the input device (30) or the removal device (31) is configured to simultaneously input or remove a plurality of brushes (2) within one working cycle. 32. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device (52) configured to monitor at least one of an inputting, removal, or clamping of the at least one brush (2). 33. The device (1) as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a rapid clamping device (58) for the at least one abrasive sleeve (4). 34. The device (1) as claimed in claim 23, wherein at least one of the input device (30) is configured to be connected via at least one supply line (59) for brushes (2) to a station clamped upstream of the device (1), or the removal device (31) is configured to be connected via at least one supply line (59) for brushes (2) to a station clamped downstream of the device (1). | 2,800 |
338,687 | 16,641,715 | 1,625 | Provided are an aminopyrimidine compound as shown in formula (I), a polymorph, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a stereoisomer, an isotopic variant, a hydrate or a solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same and the use thereof. The aminopyrimidine compound and the composition containing the same have excellent inhibition to protein kinases, and at the same time have better pharmacokinetic parameter characteristics, and can improve the drug concentration of the compound in animals, and thereby improve the efficacy and safety of the drug. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. An aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or a polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof: 14. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13, wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, are hydrogen. 15. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 14, wherein R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22 and R23 are hydrogen. 16. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are hydrogen. 17. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen. 18. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein X and Y are CH3. 19. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein Z is CD3. 20. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein X and Y are independently methyl substituted with one or more deuteriums. 21. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are D. 22. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 20, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are D. 23. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R6, R7 and R8 are D. 24. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13, wherein the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I) is selected from any one of the following structures: 25. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or a polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13. 26. A method of treating at least one of the EGFR-mutant diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the at least one EGFR mutant is del19, L858R or T790M. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the at least one EGFR mutant is selected from at least one double mutant of del19/T790M or L858R/T790M. 29. A method of treating the one of the following diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13: cancer, cell proliferative disease, inflammation, infection, immune disease, organ transplantation, viral disease, cardiovascular disease or metabolic disease. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cancer is selected from non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, kidney cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer or colorectal cancer, the immune disease or inflammation is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gout, asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis, and the cell proliferative disease is selected from lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, kidney cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer or colorectal cancer. 31. A method of treating one of the following inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13: arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal arthritis, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, other arthritic conditions, lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), skin-related disease, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, pain, lung disease, pulmonary inflammation, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary sarcoidosis, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, urticaria, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, organ transplantion rejection, xenotransplantation, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes-related disease, inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease, allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchitis, allergic sinusitis, leukemia, lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, myeloma, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), hairy cell leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. | Provided are an aminopyrimidine compound as shown in formula (I), a polymorph, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a stereoisomer, an isotopic variant, a hydrate or a solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same and the use thereof. The aminopyrimidine compound and the composition containing the same have excellent inhibition to protein kinases, and at the same time have better pharmacokinetic parameter characteristics, and can improve the drug concentration of the compound in animals, and thereby improve the efficacy and safety of the drug.1.-12. (canceled) 13. An aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or a polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof: 14. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13, wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, are hydrogen. 15. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 14, wherein R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22 and R23 are hydrogen. 16. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are hydrogen. 17. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen. 18. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein X and Y are CH3. 19. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein Z is CD3. 20. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein X and Y are independently methyl substituted with one or more deuteriums. 21. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are D. 22. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 20, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are D. 23. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein R6, R7 and R8 are D. 24. The aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13, wherein the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I) is selected from any one of the following structures: 25. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or a polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13. 26. A method of treating at least one of the EGFR-mutant diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the at least one EGFR mutant is del19, L858R or T790M. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the at least one EGFR mutant is selected from at least one double mutant of del19/T790M or L858R/T790M. 29. A method of treating the one of the following diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13: cancer, cell proliferative disease, inflammation, infection, immune disease, organ transplantation, viral disease, cardiovascular disease or metabolic disease. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cancer is selected from non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, kidney cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer or colorectal cancer, the immune disease or inflammation is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gout, asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis, and the cell proliferative disease is selected from lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, kidney cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer or colorectal cancer. 31. A method of treating one of the following inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the aminopyrimidine compound of formula (I), or the polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, stereoisomer, isotopic variants, hydrate or solvate thereof according to claim 13: arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal arthritis, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, other arthritic conditions, lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), skin-related disease, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, pain, lung disease, pulmonary inflammation, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary sarcoidosis, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, urticaria, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, organ transplantion rejection, xenotransplantation, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes-related disease, inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease, allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchitis, allergic sinusitis, leukemia, lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, myeloma, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), hairy cell leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. | 1,600 |
338,688 | 16,641,740 | 1,625 | A windscreen wiper arm, particularly for automobiles, is provided. The windscreen wiper arm is, at one end thereof, arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft and, at another end thereof, arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped. The windscreen wiper arm can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position. The windscreen wiper arm is provided with a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of the windscreen wiper arm. The tab is connected to a nozzle for spraying a washing liquid onto the windscreen to be wiped. | 1. A windscreen wiper arm comprising:
a first arm member arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft; a second arm member connected to said first arm member and arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped, wherein said windscreen wiper arm can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position; a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of said first arm member; and a nozzle connected to said tab for spraying a washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 2. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said tab extends downwardly from an exterior longitudinal edge of said top wall. 3. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is detachably connected to said tab through a snapping connection. 4. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 3, wherein said nozzle is provided with a resilient tongue arranged to snap into a correspondingly shaped opening in said tab. 5. A windscreen wiper arm EWE according to claim 4, wherein said resilient tongue is hingeable around a hinge in use facing away from said windscreen to be wiped. 6. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises a guiding groove for slidingly guiding said nozzle onto said tab. 7. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is at least partly covered by said top wall and said tab. 8. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of said windscreen wiper arm is made integrally from a single sheet material, wherein portions of said sheet material are folded outwardly to form a pair of legs of a U-shaped cross-section of said windscreen wiper arm on, and wherein, at the location of its connection to said nozzle, one of said legs forms said tab. 9. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 8, wherein said leg forming said tab has a larger length than the other leg of said U-shaped cross-section of said windscreen wiper arm. 10. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises a spraying head detachably connected thereto. 11. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 10, wherein said spraying head is detachably connected to said nozzle through a snapping connection. 12. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 10, wherein said spraying head is rotatable between a first position and a second position relative to said nozzle in order to adjust a spraying angle of said washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 13. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 12, wherein said nozzle and said spraying head are provided with mutually cooperating tooth/groove means to fixate said spraying head relative to said nozzle in said first or said second position. 14. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said second arm member is arranged to be pivotally connected through a bayonet connection to an elongated wiper blade (4) of the flat blade type. 15. (canceled) 16. A windscreen wiper arm comprising:
an arm member having a first end and a second end, where said first end is arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft, wherein said second end is arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped, wherein said arm member can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position; a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of said arm member; and a nozzle connected to said tab for spraying a washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 17. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle is provided with a resilient tongue arranged to snap into a correspondingly shaped opening in said tab. 18. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 4, wherein said resilient tongue is hingeable around a hinge in use facing away from said windscreen to be wiped. 19. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein at least a part of said arm member is made integrally from a single sheet material, wherein portions of said sheet material are folded outwardly to form a pair of legs of a U-shaped cross-section of said arm member, and wherein, at the location of its connection to said nozzle, one of said legs forms said tab. 20. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle comprises a spraying head detachably connected thereto. 21. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle comprises a guiding groove for slidingly guiding said nozzle onto said tab. | A windscreen wiper arm, particularly for automobiles, is provided. The windscreen wiper arm is, at one end thereof, arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft and, at another end thereof, arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped. The windscreen wiper arm can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position. The windscreen wiper arm is provided with a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of the windscreen wiper arm. The tab is connected to a nozzle for spraying a washing liquid onto the windscreen to be wiped.1. A windscreen wiper arm comprising:
a first arm member arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft; a second arm member connected to said first arm member and arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped, wherein said windscreen wiper arm can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position; a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of said first arm member; and a nozzle connected to said tab for spraying a washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 2. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said tab extends downwardly from an exterior longitudinal edge of said top wall. 3. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is detachably connected to said tab through a snapping connection. 4. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 3, wherein said nozzle is provided with a resilient tongue arranged to snap into a correspondingly shaped opening in said tab. 5. A windscreen wiper arm EWE according to claim 4, wherein said resilient tongue is hingeable around a hinge in use facing away from said windscreen to be wiped. 6. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises a guiding groove for slidingly guiding said nozzle onto said tab. 7. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is at least partly covered by said top wall and said tab. 8. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of said windscreen wiper arm is made integrally from a single sheet material, wherein portions of said sheet material are folded outwardly to form a pair of legs of a U-shaped cross-section of said windscreen wiper arm on, and wherein, at the location of its connection to said nozzle, one of said legs forms said tab. 9. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 8, wherein said leg forming said tab has a larger length than the other leg of said U-shaped cross-section of said windscreen wiper arm. 10. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises a spraying head detachably connected thereto. 11. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 10, wherein said spraying head is detachably connected to said nozzle through a snapping connection. 12. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 10, wherein said spraying head is rotatable between a first position and a second position relative to said nozzle in order to adjust a spraying angle of said washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 13. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 12, wherein said nozzle and said spraying head are provided with mutually cooperating tooth/groove means to fixate said spraying head relative to said nozzle in said first or said second position. 14. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 1, wherein said second arm member is arranged to be pivotally connected through a bayonet connection to an elongated wiper blade (4) of the flat blade type. 15. (canceled) 16. A windscreen wiper arm comprising:
an arm member having a first end and a second end, where said first end is arranged to be pivotally connected to a mounting head mounted on a drive shaft, wherein said second end is arranged to be pivotally connected to an elongated wiper blade to be placed in abutment with a windscreen to be wiped, wherein said arm member can oscillate to-and-from between a first reversal position and a second reversal position; a tab extending downwardly from a top wall of said arm member; and a nozzle connected to said tab for spraying a washing liquid onto said windscreen to be wiped. 17. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle is provided with a resilient tongue arranged to snap into a correspondingly shaped opening in said tab. 18. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 4, wherein said resilient tongue is hingeable around a hinge in use facing away from said windscreen to be wiped. 19. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein at least a part of said arm member is made integrally from a single sheet material, wherein portions of said sheet material are folded outwardly to form a pair of legs of a U-shaped cross-section of said arm member, and wherein, at the location of its connection to said nozzle, one of said legs forms said tab. 20. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle comprises a spraying head detachably connected thereto. 21. A windscreen wiper arm according to claim 16, wherein said nozzle comprises a guiding groove for slidingly guiding said nozzle onto said tab. | 1,600 |
338,689 | 16,641,696 | 1,625 | An adenovirus comprising a sequence of formula (I) 5′ITR-B1-BA-B2-BX-BB-BY-B3-3′ITR wherein By comprises a transgene cassette containing four transgenes, said genes encoding a FAP-BITE, CXL10, CXL9, and IFN. The disclosure also extends to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus, and use of the virus or formulation in treatment. | 1. An adenovirus comprising a sequence of formula (I):
5′ITR-B1-BA-B2-BX-BB-BY-B3-3′ITR (I)
wherein: B1 is a bond or comprises: E1A, E1B or E1A-E1B; BA comprises-E2B-L1-L2-L3-E2A-L4; B2 is a bond or comprises: E3; BX is a bond or a DNA sequence comprising: a restriction site, one or more transgenes or both; BB comprises L5; By comprises a transgene cassette containing four transgenes, said genes encoding a FAP-BITE, CXCL10, CXCL9, and IFN; B3 is a bond or comprises: E4. 2. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the encoded FAB-BITE comprises an anti-CD3 shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 3. An adenovirus according to claim 1 wherein the FAP-BITE comprises an anti-FAP shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 4. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the encoded FAB-BITE comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 75, 76 or a sequence at least 95% identical to any one thereof. 5. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes CXCL10 shown in SEQ ID NO: 100 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 6. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes CXCL9 shown in SEQ ID NO: 99 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 7. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes IFNα shown in SEQ ID NO: 98 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 8. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgenes are operably linked. 9. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgenes are separated by 3 different high efficiency self-cleavage peptides. 10. An adenovirus according to claim 9, wherein the self-cleavage peptides are independently selected from E2A, F2A, P2A and T2A. 11. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the relative order of the transgenes from L5 to E4 is FAP-BITE, CXCL10, CXCL9 and IFNα. 12. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette has a polynucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 95 or a polynucleotide encoding the same amino acid sequence. 13. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus comprises SEQ ID NO: 84. 14. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus is replication competent. 15. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus is oncolytic. 16. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the virus has a hexon and fibre from Ad11. 17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an adenovirus according to claim 1 and an excipient, diluent or carrier. 18. (canceled) 19. A method of treating a patient comprising administering an adenovirus according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17. 20. (canceled) | An adenovirus comprising a sequence of formula (I) 5′ITR-B1-BA-B2-BX-BB-BY-B3-3′ITR wherein By comprises a transgene cassette containing four transgenes, said genes encoding a FAP-BITE, CXL10, CXL9, and IFN. The disclosure also extends to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus, and use of the virus or formulation in treatment.1. An adenovirus comprising a sequence of formula (I):
5′ITR-B1-BA-B2-BX-BB-BY-B3-3′ITR (I)
wherein: B1 is a bond or comprises: E1A, E1B or E1A-E1B; BA comprises-E2B-L1-L2-L3-E2A-L4; B2 is a bond or comprises: E3; BX is a bond or a DNA sequence comprising: a restriction site, one or more transgenes or both; BB comprises L5; By comprises a transgene cassette containing four transgenes, said genes encoding a FAP-BITE, CXCL10, CXCL9, and IFN; B3 is a bond or comprises: E4. 2. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the encoded FAB-BITE comprises an anti-CD3 shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 3. An adenovirus according to claim 1 wherein the FAP-BITE comprises an anti-FAP shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 4. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the encoded FAB-BITE comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 75, 76 or a sequence at least 95% identical to any one thereof. 5. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes CXCL10 shown in SEQ ID NO: 100 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 6. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes CXCL9 shown in SEQ ID NO: 99 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 7. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette encodes IFNα shown in SEQ ID NO: 98 or a sequence at least 95% identical thereto. 8. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgenes are operably linked. 9. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgenes are separated by 3 different high efficiency self-cleavage peptides. 10. An adenovirus according to claim 9, wherein the self-cleavage peptides are independently selected from E2A, F2A, P2A and T2A. 11. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the relative order of the transgenes from L5 to E4 is FAP-BITE, CXCL10, CXCL9 and IFNα. 12. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the transgene cassette has a polynucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 95 or a polynucleotide encoding the same amino acid sequence. 13. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus comprises SEQ ID NO: 84. 14. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus is replication competent. 15. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the adenovirus is oncolytic. 16. An adenovirus according to claim 1, wherein the virus has a hexon and fibre from Ad11. 17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an adenovirus according to claim 1 and an excipient, diluent or carrier. 18. (canceled) 19. A method of treating a patient comprising administering an adenovirus according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17. 20. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,690 | 16,641,709 | 1,625 | The invention relates to a personal care composition, more particularly to a composition for application to a topical surface that prevents or reduces inflammation. The composition could be delivered in the form of a skin, scalp, hair or oral care product, more particularly a skin care product. The benefit is delivered via a combination of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof and a 4-substituted resorcinol compound, wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5. | 1. A personal care composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base,
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is a 4-linear alkyl resorcinol, 4-branched alkyl resorcinol, 4-cycloalkyl resorcinol, mixtures thereof and acylated forms thereof. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol is selected from 4-methyl resorcinol, 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-propyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol, 4-butyl resorcinol, 4-pentyl resorcinol, 4-hexyl resorcinol, 4-heptyl resorcinol, 4-octyl resorcinol, 4-nonyl resorcinol, 4-decyl resorcinol, 4-undecyl resorcinol, 4-dodecyl resorcinol, 4-cyclopentyl resorcinol, 4-cyclohexyl resorcinol, 4-cycloheptyl resorcinol, 4-cycloactyl resorcinol, and mixtures thereof. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol is selected from 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-propyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol, 4-butyl resorcinol, 4-pentyl resorcinol, or 4-hexyl resorcinol. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PUFA or ester thereof is DHA, DGLA or DGLA ethyl ester. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% PUFA or ester thereof by weight of the composition. 7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% 4-substituted resorcinol compound by weight of the composition. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cosmetically acceptable base comprises water, oil, surfactant, emulsion, gel or combinations thereof. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said composition is in the form of an oral care, or a skin, scalp or hair care product. 10. A non-therapeutic method of reducing or preventing inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body comprising the step of applying the composition as claimed in claim 1 on to the surface. 11. The non-therapeutic method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises niacinamide. 12. The non-therapeutic method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises sunscreen. 13. The non-therapeutic method, as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises green tea extract, ascorbic acid or both. 14. A personal care composition comprising:
a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5, for use to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body. 15. A personal care composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5, for use to improve a skin condition including skin aging, pigmentation, photo-damage and skin irritation and inflammation. | The invention relates to a personal care composition, more particularly to a composition for application to a topical surface that prevents or reduces inflammation. The composition could be delivered in the form of a skin, scalp, hair or oral care product, more particularly a skin care product. The benefit is delivered via a combination of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof and a 4-substituted resorcinol compound, wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5.1. A personal care composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base,
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is a 4-linear alkyl resorcinol, 4-branched alkyl resorcinol, 4-cycloalkyl resorcinol, mixtures thereof and acylated forms thereof. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol is selected from 4-methyl resorcinol, 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-propyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol, 4-butyl resorcinol, 4-pentyl resorcinol, 4-hexyl resorcinol, 4-heptyl resorcinol, 4-octyl resorcinol, 4-nonyl resorcinol, 4-decyl resorcinol, 4-undecyl resorcinol, 4-dodecyl resorcinol, 4-cyclopentyl resorcinol, 4-cyclohexyl resorcinol, 4-cycloheptyl resorcinol, 4-cycloactyl resorcinol, and mixtures thereof. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the 4-substituted resorcinol is selected from 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-propyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol, 4-butyl resorcinol, 4-pentyl resorcinol, or 4-hexyl resorcinol. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PUFA or ester thereof is DHA, DGLA or DGLA ethyl ester. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% PUFA or ester thereof by weight of the composition. 7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.01 to 10% 4-substituted resorcinol compound by weight of the composition. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cosmetically acceptable base comprises water, oil, surfactant, emulsion, gel or combinations thereof. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said composition is in the form of an oral care, or a skin, scalp or hair care product. 10. A non-therapeutic method of reducing or preventing inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body comprising the step of applying the composition as claimed in claim 1 on to the surface. 11. The non-therapeutic method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises niacinamide. 12. The non-therapeutic method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises sunscreen. 13. The non-therapeutic method, as claimed in claim 10 wherein the composition further comprises green tea extract, ascorbic acid or both. 14. A personal care composition comprising:
a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5, for use to reduce or prevent inflammation on a topical surface of a human or animal body. 15. A personal care composition comprising:
(i) a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or ester thereof selected from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-ethyl ester, EPA-ethyl ester, DHA-triglyceride, EPA-triglyceride, dihomogamma-Linolenic Acid (DGLA), DGLA-ethyl ester, DGLA-triglyceride or combinations thereof; (ii) a 4-substituted resorcinol compound; and, (iii) a cosmetically acceptable base
wherein the mole ratio of the PUFA or ester thereof to the 4-substituted resorcinol compound is 5:1 to 1:5, for use to improve a skin condition including skin aging, pigmentation, photo-damage and skin irritation and inflammation. | 1,600 |
338,691 | 16,641,751 | 1,625 | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an action selection neural network used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment. One of the systems includes (i) a plurality of actor computing units, in which each of the actor computing units is configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network and to perform a plurality of actor operations, and (ii) one or more learner computing units, in which each of the one or more learner computing units is configured to perform a plurality of learner operations. | 1. A system for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the system comprising:
a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network and to perform actor operations comprising:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple; and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the actor computing units; and
one or more learner computing units, wherein each of the one or more learner computing units is configured to perform learner operations comprising:
sampling a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the priority for the experience tuple comprises:
determining a learning error for the selected action according to the reinforcement learning technique; and determining the priority from the learning error. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the priority is an absolute value of the learning error. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein two or more of the actor computing units select actions using different exploration policies. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the different exploration policies are epsilon-greedy policies with different values of epsilon. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining for each sampled experience tuple a respective updated priority; and updating the shared memory to associate the updated priorities with the sampled experience tuples. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining whether criteria for removing any experience tuples from the shared memory are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, updating the shared memory to remove one or more of the tuples. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an n-step Q learning technique. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an actor-critic technique. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining whether criteria for updating the actor computing units are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, transmitting updated parameter values to the actor computing units. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action comprises:
selecting additional actions to be performed by the agent in response to subsequent observations using the action selection neural network replica to generate an n-step transition. 12. One or more computer readable storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the operations comprising:
maintaining a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network; for each of the plurality of actor computing units:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting, using the actor computing unit, an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple, and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the plurality of actor computing units;
maintaining one or more learner computing units; for each of the one or more learner computing units:
sampling, using the learner computing unit, a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 13. A method for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network; for each of the plurality of actor computing units:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting, using the actor computing unit, an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple, and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the plurality of actor computing units;
maintaining one or more learner computing units; for each of the one or more learner computing units:
sampling, using the learner computing unit, a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the priority for the experience tuple comprises:
determining a learning error for the selected action according to the reinforcement learning technique; and determining the priority from the learning error. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining for each sampled experience tuple a respective updated priority; and updating, using the learner computing unit, the shared memory to associate the updated priorities with the sampled experience tuples. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining whether criteria for removing any experience tuples from the shared memory are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, updating, using the learner computing unit, the shared memory to remove one or more of the tuples. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an n-step Q learning technique. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an actor-critic technique. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining whether criteria for updating the actor computing units are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, transmitting updated parameter values to the actor computing units. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action comprises:
selecting additional actions to be performed by the agent in response to subsequent observations using the action selection neural network replica to generate an n-step transition. | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an action selection neural network used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment. One of the systems includes (i) a plurality of actor computing units, in which each of the actor computing units is configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network and to perform a plurality of actor operations, and (ii) one or more learner computing units, in which each of the one or more learner computing units is configured to perform a plurality of learner operations.1. A system for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the system comprising:
a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network and to perform actor operations comprising:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple; and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the actor computing units; and
one or more learner computing units, wherein each of the one or more learner computing units is configured to perform learner operations comprising:
sampling a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the priority for the experience tuple comprises:
determining a learning error for the selected action according to the reinforcement learning technique; and determining the priority from the learning error. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the priority is an absolute value of the learning error. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein two or more of the actor computing units select actions using different exploration policies. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the different exploration policies are epsilon-greedy policies with different values of epsilon. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining for each sampled experience tuple a respective updated priority; and updating the shared memory to associate the updated priorities with the sampled experience tuples. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining whether criteria for removing any experience tuples from the shared memory are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, updating the shared memory to remove one or more of the tuples. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an n-step Q learning technique. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an actor-critic technique. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the learner operations further comprise:
determining whether criteria for updating the actor computing units are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, transmitting updated parameter values to the actor computing units. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action comprises:
selecting additional actions to be performed by the agent in response to subsequent observations using the action selection neural network replica to generate an n-step transition. 12. One or more computer readable storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the operations comprising:
maintaining a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network; for each of the plurality of actor computing units:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting, using the actor computing unit, an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple, and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the plurality of actor computing units;
maintaining one or more learner computing units; for each of the one or more learner computing units:
sampling, using the learner computing unit, a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 13. A method for training an action selection neural network having a plurality of network parameters and used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of actor computing units, each of the actor computing units configured to maintain a respective replica of the action selection neural network; for each of the plurality of actor computing units:
receiving an observation characterizing a current state of an instance of the environment,
selecting, using the actor computing unit, an action to be performed by the agent using the action selection neural network replica and in accordance with current values of the network parameters,
obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action,
generating an experience tuple from the observation, the selected action, and the transition data,
determining a priority for the experience tuple, and
storing the experience tuple in association with the priority in a shared memory that is accessible to each of the plurality of actor computing units;
maintaining one or more learner computing units; for each of the one or more learner computing units:
sampling, using the learner computing unit, a batch of experience tuples from the shared memory, wherein the sampling is biased by the priorities for the experience tuples in the shared memory; and
determining, using the sampled experience tuples, an update to the network parameters using a reinforcement learning technique. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the priority for the experience tuple comprises:
determining a learning error for the selected action according to the reinforcement learning technique; and determining the priority from the learning error. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining for each sampled experience tuple a respective updated priority; and updating, using the learner computing unit, the shared memory to associate the updated priorities with the sampled experience tuples. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining whether criteria for removing any experience tuples from the shared memory are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, updating, using the learner computing unit, the shared memory to remove one or more of the tuples. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an n-step Q learning technique. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the reinforcement learning technique is an actor-critic technique. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein for each of the one or more learner computing units, the method further comprises:
determining whether criteria for updating the actor computing units are satisfied; and when the criteria are satisfied, transmitting updated parameter values to the actor computing units. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein obtaining transition data characterizing the environment instance subsequent to the agent performing the selected action comprises:
selecting additional actions to be performed by the agent in response to subsequent observations using the action selection neural network replica to generate an n-step transition. | 1,600 |
338,692 | 16,641,723 | 3,753 | The present invention relates to a liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps which is formed by a main longitudinal conduit (2) with a first and second opposite ends (2.1, 2.2) comprising a fluid inlet (3) at the first end (2.1) located perpendicular thereto, a first outlet (4) at the second end (2.2), and a first connection (5) to backpressure control means (6), a second connection (7) to safety means (8), acting in parallel and in an independent manner, and a second overpressure outlet (9), arranged in one and the same connecting section (10), and where said connecting section (10) has an inclined wall (11) allowing the fluid to exit through the first outlet (4) for a fluid pressure equal to or greater than a fixed backpressure value and the fluid to exit through the second outlet (9) for a pressure greater than a fixed value. | 1. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps, characterized in that it is formed by a main longitudinal conduit (2) with a first and second opposite ends (2.1, 2.2) comprising
a fluid inlet (3) suitable for the connection thereof to a metering pump, arranged at the first end (2.1) of the main conduit (2) in a manner perpendicular thereto; a first backpressure fluid outlet (4) arranged at the second end (2.2) of the main conduit (2), and; a first connection (5) to backpressure control means (6), a second connection (7) to safety means (8) and a second overpressure fluid outlet (9), arranged in one and the same connecting section (10) of the main conduit (2) close to the second end (2.2) thereof, where said first and second connections (5, 7) are located opposite one another with respect to the axis of the main conduit (2) such that the backpressure control means (6) and the safety means (8) act in parallel and in an independent manner, and where the main conduit (2) has inside said connecting section (10) an inclined wall (11) for concentrically distributing the fluid to the backpressure control means (6) and to the safety means (8) and allows the fluid to exit through the first outlet (4) when the fluid pressure is equal to or greater than a fixed backpressure pressure value and the fluid to be discharged through the second outlet (9), when the fluid pressure is equal to or greater than a fixed safety value. 2. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that the backpressure control means (6) comprise a leaktight membrane (12) in attachment with the first connection (5), a spring element (13) secured at a first end to a first part (14) arranged adjacent to the leaktight membrane (12) and at a second end to a second part (15) arranged opposite the first part and connected to the backpressure means (6) by threading means, and means for indicating the presence or absence of the metering of fluid through the first backpressure fluid outlet (4). 3. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for indicating the presence or absence of the metering of fluid are formed by a visual element (17) secured to the threading means and connected to the first part (14) by means of a connecting shaft (18), such that it has a first visible, elevated position when the fluid pressure is greater than the fixed backpressure pressure value and a second hidden position when the pressure is less than the fixed backpressure pressure value. 4. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety means (8) comprise a leaktight membrane (19) in attachment with the second connection (7), a spring element (20) secured at a first end to a first part (21) arranged adjacent to said leaktight membrane (19) and at a second end to a second part (22) arranged opposite the first part and connected to the safety means (8) by means, and depressurizing means of the device, formed by a handle (23) connected to the first part (21). 5. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a series of additional connections arranged between the first end (2.1) of the main conduit (2) and the first and second connections (5, 7) thereof. 6. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a gas release mechanism integrated in a first additional connection (25) arranged before the first and second connections (5, 7) according to the direction of the fluid. 7. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a dampener connected in a second additional connection (27) arranged at the first end (2.1) of the main body (2), perpendicular to the axis thereof and opposite the fluid inlet (3). 8. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a pressure-gauge connected in a third additional connection (28) located after the first end (2.1) and has a membrane separating same from said pressure-gauge. 9. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises fixing means (29) for fixing to a securing element formed by at least two projections located between the first and second ends (2.1, 2.2) of the main body (2) which have a metal insert suitable for being connected to a screwed element. | The present invention relates to a liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps which is formed by a main longitudinal conduit (2) with a first and second opposite ends (2.1, 2.2) comprising a fluid inlet (3) at the first end (2.1) located perpendicular thereto, a first outlet (4) at the second end (2.2), and a first connection (5) to backpressure control means (6), a second connection (7) to safety means (8), acting in parallel and in an independent manner, and a second overpressure outlet (9), arranged in one and the same connecting section (10), and where said connecting section (10) has an inclined wall (11) allowing the fluid to exit through the first outlet (4) for a fluid pressure equal to or greater than a fixed backpressure value and the fluid to exit through the second outlet (9) for a pressure greater than a fixed value.1. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps, characterized in that it is formed by a main longitudinal conduit (2) with a first and second opposite ends (2.1, 2.2) comprising
a fluid inlet (3) suitable for the connection thereof to a metering pump, arranged at the first end (2.1) of the main conduit (2) in a manner perpendicular thereto; a first backpressure fluid outlet (4) arranged at the second end (2.2) of the main conduit (2), and; a first connection (5) to backpressure control means (6), a second connection (7) to safety means (8) and a second overpressure fluid outlet (9), arranged in one and the same connecting section (10) of the main conduit (2) close to the second end (2.2) thereof, where said first and second connections (5, 7) are located opposite one another with respect to the axis of the main conduit (2) such that the backpressure control means (6) and the safety means (8) act in parallel and in an independent manner, and where the main conduit (2) has inside said connecting section (10) an inclined wall (11) for concentrically distributing the fluid to the backpressure control means (6) and to the safety means (8) and allows the fluid to exit through the first outlet (4) when the fluid pressure is equal to or greater than a fixed backpressure pressure value and the fluid to be discharged through the second outlet (9), when the fluid pressure is equal to or greater than a fixed safety value. 2. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that the backpressure control means (6) comprise a leaktight membrane (12) in attachment with the first connection (5), a spring element (13) secured at a first end to a first part (14) arranged adjacent to the leaktight membrane (12) and at a second end to a second part (15) arranged opposite the first part and connected to the backpressure means (6) by threading means, and means for indicating the presence or absence of the metering of fluid through the first backpressure fluid outlet (4). 3. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for indicating the presence or absence of the metering of fluid are formed by a visual element (17) secured to the threading means and connected to the first part (14) by means of a connecting shaft (18), such that it has a first visible, elevated position when the fluid pressure is greater than the fixed backpressure pressure value and a second hidden position when the pressure is less than the fixed backpressure pressure value. 4. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety means (8) comprise a leaktight membrane (19) in attachment with the second connection (7), a spring element (20) secured at a first end to a first part (21) arranged adjacent to said leaktight membrane (19) and at a second end to a second part (22) arranged opposite the first part and connected to the safety means (8) by means, and depressurizing means of the device, formed by a handle (23) connected to the first part (21). 5. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a series of additional connections arranged between the first end (2.1) of the main conduit (2) and the first and second connections (5, 7) thereof. 6. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a gas release mechanism integrated in a first additional connection (25) arranged before the first and second connections (5, 7) according to the direction of the fluid. 7. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a dampener connected in a second additional connection (27) arranged at the first end (2.1) of the main body (2), perpendicular to the axis thereof and opposite the fluid inlet (3). 8. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a pressure-gauge connected in a third additional connection (28) located after the first end (2.1) and has a membrane separating same from said pressure-gauge. 9. Liquid metering device (1) for metering pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises fixing means (29) for fixing to a securing element formed by at least two projections located between the first and second ends (2.1, 2.2) of the main body (2) which have a metal insert suitable for being connected to a screwed element. | 3,700 |
338,693 | 16,641,722 | 3,753 | This disclosure relates to immunogenic peptides that are specific to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and methods of use thereof. | 1. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 13-17, or differs by 1 to 4 amino acid residues, wherein the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NOs: 13-17 is unaltered. 2. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 13. 3. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 14. 4. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 15. 5. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 16. 6. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 17. 7. A peptide comprising a first amino acid sequence consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 60% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-17; and a second amino acid sequence that is heterologous to the first amino acid sequence. 8. The peptide of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the peptide binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MEW) molecule. 9. The peptide of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the peptide, in association with a MEW molecule, is recognized by an antigen specific T cell receptor on a T cell. 10. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an MEW class I molecule. 11. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an MEW class II molecule. 12. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an HLA-A2 molecule or a HLA-A24 molecule. 13. A composition comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1-12 and a second agent. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is an immune stimulatory agent. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is a T helper epitope. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the T helper epitope is a PADRE sequence or a universal Tetanus Toxoid T helper (TT Th) epitope. 17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is an adjuvant. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, alum, a ligand for a Toll receptor, QS21, RIBI, cholera toxin (CT), E. coli heat labile toxin (LT), mutant CT (MCT), and mutant E. coli heat labile toxin (MLT). 19. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is a toll like receptor-3 ligand (e.g., Poly ICLC), interferon alfa (IFNα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-GITR antibody, or Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1-12 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 21. A nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 22. A vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 23. The vector of claim 22, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter, a regulatory element, or an expression control sequence. 24. A cultured cell comprising the vector of claim 23. 25. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. 26. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is a human cell. 27. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is an immune cell. 28. A virus comprising a nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 29. The virus of claim 28, wherein the virus is a lentivirus, an adenovirus, or an adeno-associated virus. 30. A combination of at least two different peptides, wherein the at least two different peptides are selected from the group of peptides having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-17. 31. The combination of claim 30, where the combination comprises at least 3, 4, or all 5 peptides having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-17. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising
the combination of claim 30 or 31; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 33. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an immune agonist. 34. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 33, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 35. A composition comprising an isolated dendritic cell, wherein the dendritic cell presents a peptide sequence on its surface, wherein the peptide sequence comprises at least one major histocompatibility complex (MEW) class I peptide epitope of one or both of BCMA antigen (SEQ ID NO: 18) and TACI antigen (SEQ ID NO: 19). 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the MEW class I peptide epitope is an HLA-A2 peptide epitope. 37. The composition of claim 35, wherein the dendritic cell acquires the peptide sequence in vitro by exposure to a synthetic peptide comprising the peptide sequence. 38. The composition of claim 35, wherein the peptide sequence is a synthetic peptide sequence. 39. The composition of claim 35, wherein the peptide sequence is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-12 and SEQ ID NO: 13-17. 40. The composition of claim 35, wherein the composition comprises between 105 and 108 dendritic cells. 41. A method of inducing an immune response against BCMA- and/or TACI-expressing cancer cells in a human subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the human subject a peptide of any one of claims 1-12, or a composition of any one of claims 13-20. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the subject has a cancer, and the immune response is against a cancer cell. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is a hematological cancer. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is multiple myeloma. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell is a cancerous plasma cell. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell expresses BCMA, and the level of BCMA in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a plasma cell in a healthy human subject. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell expresses TACI, and the level of TACI in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a plasma cell in a healthy human subject. 48. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further comprises administering to the human subject an immune agonist. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 50. The method of claim 41, further comprising, after administering to the human subject the peptide or the composition, determining whether an immune response against BCMA and/or TACI-expressing cancers occurred in the human subject. 51. A method of treating a human subject having a cancer or a pre-malignant disease, the method comprising administering to the human subject the peptide of any one of claims 1-12, or the composition of any one of claims 13-20. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the cancer is a hematologic cancer. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein the cancer is multiple myeloma, leukemia, or lymphoma. 54. The method of claim 51, wherein the pre-malignant disease is monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering multiple myeloma. 55. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises
detecting that one or more cancer cells in the human subject expresses or overexpress BCMA and/or TACI. 56. The method of claim 51, wherein the human subject has one or more cancer cells that overexpress BCMA and/or TACI, wherein the level of BCMA and/or TACI in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a normal cell. 57. The method of claim 51, wherein the subject has one or more cancer cells that express a MHC molecule. 58. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises administering to the human subject an immune agonist. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 60. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises
administering a chemotherapy or a radiotherapy to the human subject. 61. A method of generating and/or proliferating BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells, the method comprising
contacting one or more cytotoxic T cells with one or more antigen presenting cells pulsed with a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are memory cytotoxic T cells. 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are effector cytotoxic T cells. 64. The method of claim 61, wherein the antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells. 65. A method of generating TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells, the method comprising contacting one or more cytotoxic T cells with one or more antigen presenting cells pulsed with a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 15-17. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are memory cytotoxic T cells. 67. The method of claim 65, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are effector cytotoxic T cells. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells. 69. A method of killing a target cell, the method comprising
contacting the target cell with one or more BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells, wherein the target cell expresses or overexpresses BCMA, and expresses HLA-A. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the method further comprises contacting the one or more BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells with an immune agonist. 71. The method of claim 69, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 73. A method of killing a target cell, the method comprising
contacting the target cell with one or more TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells, wherein the target cell expresses or overexpresses TACI, and expresses HLA-A. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the method further comprises contacting the one or more TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells with an immune agonist. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 76. The method of claim 74, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 77. A method of treating a human subject having a cancer, the method comprising administering a plurality of BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells or TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells to the human subject. 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the method further comprises administering to the subject an immune agonist. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 80. The method of claim 78, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 81. The method of claim 77, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are derived from the cells of the human subject. 82. The method of claim 77, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. 83. A process comprising,
(a) obtaining bone marrow derived mononuclear cells from a subject; (b) culturing the mononuclear cells in vitro under a condition in which mononuclear cells become adherent to a culture vessel; (c) selecting adherent mononuclear cells; (d) culturing the adherent mononuclear cells in the presence of one or more cytokines under a condition in which the cells differentiate into antigen present cells; and (e) contacting the antigen presenting cells with the peptide of any one of claims 1-12, thereby generating antigen presenting cells that present the peptide on a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the major histocompatibility complex molecule is a MHC class I molecule. 85. The process of claim 83, wherein the one or more cytokines comprise granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). 86. The process of claim 83, wherein the one or more cytokines comprise tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). 87. The process of claim 83, wherein the bone marrow derived cells are obtained from a subject diagnosed with multiple myeloma. 88. A method of identifying a T cell antigen receptor sequence for BCMA, the method comprising
(a) generating and/or proliferating BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells by the method of claim 61; (b) determining the T cell antigen receptor sequence for BCMA in the BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells. 89. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject a composition comprising a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), wherein the CAR-T cell expresses a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor binds to BCMA. 90. A method of identifying a T cell antigen receptor sequence for TACI, the method comprising
(a) generating and/or proliferating TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells by the method of claim 65; (b) determining the T cell antigen receptor sequence for TACI in the TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells. 91. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject a composition comprising a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), wherein the CAR-T cell expresses a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor binds to TACI. 92. A composition comprising:
a nanoparticle, and a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 60% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-17. 93. The composition of claim 92, wherein the peptide is encapsulated in the nanoparticle. 94. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a biodegradable polymer. 95. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). 96. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) copolymer. 97. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle is a liposome. 98. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 13. 99. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 14. 100. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 15. 101. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 16. 102. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 17. 103. The composition of any one of claims 92-102, wherein the nanoparticle comprises an adjuvant. 104. The composition of any one of claims 95-103, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a Toll-like receptor agonist (e.g., R848 or unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide). 105. The composition of any one of claims 92-104, further comprising an adjuvant, an immune agonist (e.g., anti-OX40 antibody, anti-GITR antibody), a checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., anti-LAG3 antibody), lenalidomide, or any combination thereof. 106. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject the composition of any one of claims 95-105. | This disclosure relates to immunogenic peptides that are specific to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and methods of use thereof.1. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 13-17, or differs by 1 to 4 amino acid residues, wherein the amino acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NOs: 13-17 is unaltered. 2. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 13. 3. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 14. 4. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 15. 5. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 16. 6. The peptide of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 17. 7. A peptide comprising a first amino acid sequence consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 60% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-17; and a second amino acid sequence that is heterologous to the first amino acid sequence. 8. The peptide of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the peptide binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MEW) molecule. 9. The peptide of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the peptide, in association with a MEW molecule, is recognized by an antigen specific T cell receptor on a T cell. 10. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an MEW class I molecule. 11. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an MEW class II molecule. 12. The peptide of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the MEW molecule is an HLA-A2 molecule or a HLA-A24 molecule. 13. A composition comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1-12 and a second agent. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is an immune stimulatory agent. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is a T helper epitope. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the T helper epitope is a PADRE sequence or a universal Tetanus Toxoid T helper (TT Th) epitope. 17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is an adjuvant. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, alum, a ligand for a Toll receptor, QS21, RIBI, cholera toxin (CT), E. coli heat labile toxin (LT), mutant CT (MCT), and mutant E. coli heat labile toxin (MLT). 19. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second agent is a toll like receptor-3 ligand (e.g., Poly ICLC), interferon alfa (IFNα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-GITR antibody, or Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1-12 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 21. A nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 22. A vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 23. The vector of claim 22, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter, a regulatory element, or an expression control sequence. 24. A cultured cell comprising the vector of claim 23. 25. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. 26. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is a human cell. 27. The cultured cell of claim 24, wherein the cell is an immune cell. 28. A virus comprising a nucleic acid encoding the peptide of any one of claims 1-12. 29. The virus of claim 28, wherein the virus is a lentivirus, an adenovirus, or an adeno-associated virus. 30. A combination of at least two different peptides, wherein the at least two different peptides are selected from the group of peptides having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-17. 31. The combination of claim 30, where the combination comprises at least 3, 4, or all 5 peptides having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-17. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising
the combination of claim 30 or 31; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 33. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an immune agonist. 34. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 33, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 35. A composition comprising an isolated dendritic cell, wherein the dendritic cell presents a peptide sequence on its surface, wherein the peptide sequence comprises at least one major histocompatibility complex (MEW) class I peptide epitope of one or both of BCMA antigen (SEQ ID NO: 18) and TACI antigen (SEQ ID NO: 19). 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the MEW class I peptide epitope is an HLA-A2 peptide epitope. 37. The composition of claim 35, wherein the dendritic cell acquires the peptide sequence in vitro by exposure to a synthetic peptide comprising the peptide sequence. 38. The composition of claim 35, wherein the peptide sequence is a synthetic peptide sequence. 39. The composition of claim 35, wherein the peptide sequence is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-12 and SEQ ID NO: 13-17. 40. The composition of claim 35, wherein the composition comprises between 105 and 108 dendritic cells. 41. A method of inducing an immune response against BCMA- and/or TACI-expressing cancer cells in a human subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the human subject a peptide of any one of claims 1-12, or a composition of any one of claims 13-20. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the subject has a cancer, and the immune response is against a cancer cell. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is a hematological cancer. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is multiple myeloma. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell is a cancerous plasma cell. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell expresses BCMA, and the level of BCMA in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a plasma cell in a healthy human subject. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer cell expresses TACI, and the level of TACI in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a plasma cell in a healthy human subject. 48. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further comprises administering to the human subject an immune agonist. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 50. The method of claim 41, further comprising, after administering to the human subject the peptide or the composition, determining whether an immune response against BCMA and/or TACI-expressing cancers occurred in the human subject. 51. A method of treating a human subject having a cancer or a pre-malignant disease, the method comprising administering to the human subject the peptide of any one of claims 1-12, or the composition of any one of claims 13-20. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the cancer is a hematologic cancer. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein the cancer is multiple myeloma, leukemia, or lymphoma. 54. The method of claim 51, wherein the pre-malignant disease is monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering multiple myeloma. 55. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises
detecting that one or more cancer cells in the human subject expresses or overexpress BCMA and/or TACI. 56. The method of claim 51, wherein the human subject has one or more cancer cells that overexpress BCMA and/or TACI, wherein the level of BCMA and/or TACI in the cancer cell is at least 20% more than a normal cell. 57. The method of claim 51, wherein the subject has one or more cancer cells that express a MHC molecule. 58. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises administering to the human subject an immune agonist. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 60. The method of claim 51, wherein the method further comprises
administering a chemotherapy or a radiotherapy to the human subject. 61. A method of generating and/or proliferating BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells, the method comprising
contacting one or more cytotoxic T cells with one or more antigen presenting cells pulsed with a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are memory cytotoxic T cells. 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are effector cytotoxic T cells. 64. The method of claim 61, wherein the antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells. 65. A method of generating TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells, the method comprising contacting one or more cytotoxic T cells with one or more antigen presenting cells pulsed with a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 15-17. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are memory cytotoxic T cells. 67. The method of claim 65, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are effector cytotoxic T cells. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells. 69. A method of killing a target cell, the method comprising
contacting the target cell with one or more BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells, wherein the target cell expresses or overexpresses BCMA, and expresses HLA-A. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the method further comprises contacting the one or more BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells with an immune agonist. 71. The method of claim 69, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 73. A method of killing a target cell, the method comprising
contacting the target cell with one or more TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells, wherein the target cell expresses or overexpresses TACI, and expresses HLA-A. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the method further comprises contacting the one or more TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells with an immune agonist. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 76. The method of claim 74, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 77. A method of treating a human subject having a cancer, the method comprising administering a plurality of BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells or TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells to the human subject. 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the method further comprises administering to the subject an immune agonist. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the immune agonist is an OX40 agonist or an GITR agonist. 80. The method of claim 78, wherein the immune agonist is an anti-OX40 antibody or an anti-GITR antibody. 81. The method of claim 77, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are derived from the cells of the human subject. 82. The method of claim 77, wherein the cytotoxic T cells are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. 83. A process comprising,
(a) obtaining bone marrow derived mononuclear cells from a subject; (b) culturing the mononuclear cells in vitro under a condition in which mononuclear cells become adherent to a culture vessel; (c) selecting adherent mononuclear cells; (d) culturing the adherent mononuclear cells in the presence of one or more cytokines under a condition in which the cells differentiate into antigen present cells; and (e) contacting the antigen presenting cells with the peptide of any one of claims 1-12, thereby generating antigen presenting cells that present the peptide on a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the major histocompatibility complex molecule is a MHC class I molecule. 85. The process of claim 83, wherein the one or more cytokines comprise granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). 86. The process of claim 83, wherein the one or more cytokines comprise tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). 87. The process of claim 83, wherein the bone marrow derived cells are obtained from a subject diagnosed with multiple myeloma. 88. A method of identifying a T cell antigen receptor sequence for BCMA, the method comprising
(a) generating and/or proliferating BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells by the method of claim 61; (b) determining the T cell antigen receptor sequence for BCMA in the BCMA-specific cytotoxic T cells. 89. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject a composition comprising a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), wherein the CAR-T cell expresses a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor binds to BCMA. 90. A method of identifying a T cell antigen receptor sequence for TACI, the method comprising
(a) generating and/or proliferating TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells by the method of claim 65; (b) determining the T cell antigen receptor sequence for TACI in the TACI-specific cytotoxic T cells. 91. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject a composition comprising a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), wherein the CAR-T cell expresses a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor binds to TACI. 92. A composition comprising:
a nanoparticle, and a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 60% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-17. 93. The composition of claim 92, wherein the peptide is encapsulated in the nanoparticle. 94. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a biodegradable polymer. 95. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). 96. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle comprises poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) copolymer. 97. The composition of claim 92, wherein the nanoparticle is a liposome. 98. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 13. 99. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 14. 100. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 15. 101. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 16. 102. The composition of any one of claims 92-97, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 17. 103. The composition of any one of claims 92-102, wherein the nanoparticle comprises an adjuvant. 104. The composition of any one of claims 95-103, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a Toll-like receptor agonist (e.g., R848 or unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide). 105. The composition of any one of claims 92-104, further comprising an adjuvant, an immune agonist (e.g., anti-OX40 antibody, anti-GITR antibody), a checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., anti-LAG3 antibody), lenalidomide, or any combination thereof. 106. A method for treating a human subject having a cancer, comprising:
administering to the human subject the composition of any one of claims 95-105. | 3,700 |
338,694 | 16,641,773 | 1,618 | There is described a method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised target molecule, wherein said molecule comprises at least one —OH, —NH or —SH moiety, via proton exchange from a polarisable molecule, said method comprising the steps of: | 1. A method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised target molecule, wherein said molecule comprises at least one —OH, —NH or —SH moiety, via proton exchange from a polarisable molecule, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) preparing a fluid containing a transfer catalyst; parahydrogen; and a polarisable molecule containing at least one exchangeable proton, such as, an —OH, —NH or —SH moiety;
(ii) applying a magnetic field or radio frequency excitation such that hyperpolarisation is transferred from parahydrogen to the polarisable molecule when bound to the magnetisation transfer catalyst;
(iii) separately or simultaneously introducing a target molecule, wherein said target molecule contains at least one —OH, —NH or —SH exchangeable proton, enabling hyperpolarisation transfer via proton exchange with the polarisable molecule. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the target molecule comprises a non-hydrogenatable hydrocarbon moiety and the hyperpolarisation of the target molecule occurs by the proton exchange RELAY effect. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hyperpolarisation is achieved by polarisation transfer through spin refrigeration, DNP, para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP), SABRE or from a suitable molecule in a singlet state. 7.-13. (canceled) 14. A method according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic field is an ultra-low magnetic field which is <<1 G (<10−6 T). 15.-20. (canceled) 21. A method according to claim 1 wherein the polarisable molecule contains at least one —SH moiety. 22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the polarisable molecule comprises a thiol or thioamide moiety. 23.-30. (canceled) 31. A method according to claim 1 wherein the target molecule contains at least one —SH moiety. 32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the target molecule comprises a thiol or thioamide moiety. 33. A method according to claim 31 wherein the target molecule comprises:
(i) HSR wherein R represents H, alkylC1-20, aryl, vinyls, or any combination thereof; and
(ii) thioamides, thioacids, thioureas and xanthates. 34. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hyperpolarisation transfer catalyst comprises a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, W, Pd and Pt. 35. (canceled) 36. A method according to claim 34 wherein the hyperpolarisation transfer catalyst comprises a metal atom is iridium with at least one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. 37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand is selected from: 38.-40. (canceled) 41. A method according to claim 1 wherein a biphasic element is introduced into the solvent in order to separate the hyperpolarised target molecule from the transfer catalyst. 42. A method according to claim 41 wherein a biphasic element comprises preparing a fluid containing two separate components, wherein a first solvent is a polar solvent, e.g. DMSO and a second solvent is an immiscible co-solvent e.g. a non-polar solvent, such as, toluene, chloroform or dichloromethane. 43. A method according to claim 41 wherein the ratio of solvent phases is selected to:
(i) maximise the degree of target hyperpolarisation; and/or
(ii) maximise the speed of phase separation. 44. A method according to claim 41 wherein the solvent mixture combination is used to maximise the relaxation time of the hyperpolarised target molecule in the solution by:
(i) employing D2O;
(ii) employing a D2O/H2O mixture of suitable proportion e.g. 1:1; and/or
(iii) adding a further co-solvent to an appropriate aqueous phase such as ethanol or d6-ethanol. 45. A method according to claim 41 wherein a solvent phase-separation promoter e.g. NaCl or NaO2CCH3 or NaOH or NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 or ethanol, at a suitable concentration is added to the system. 46. A method according to claim 45 wherein the concentration of the phase-separation promoter is an amount suitable to:
(i) achieve physiological conditions;
(ii) vary the solutions pH to achieve optimal SABRE;
(iii) optimise organic phase extraction; and/or
(iv) optimise the speed of phase-separation. 47. A method according to claim 45 wherein the phase-separation promoter is suitable for in vivo use and suitable to achieve physiological conditions. 48. A method according to claim 45 wherein the phase-separation promoter is suitable to withstand variations in pH which may be desirable to achieve optimal SABRE. 49.-66. (canceled) | There is described a method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised target molecule, wherein said molecule comprises at least one —OH, —NH or —SH moiety, via proton exchange from a polarisable molecule, said method comprising the steps of:1. A method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised target molecule, wherein said molecule comprises at least one —OH, —NH or —SH moiety, via proton exchange from a polarisable molecule, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) preparing a fluid containing a transfer catalyst; parahydrogen; and a polarisable molecule containing at least one exchangeable proton, such as, an —OH, —NH or —SH moiety;
(ii) applying a magnetic field or radio frequency excitation such that hyperpolarisation is transferred from parahydrogen to the polarisable molecule when bound to the magnetisation transfer catalyst;
(iii) separately or simultaneously introducing a target molecule, wherein said target molecule contains at least one —OH, —NH or —SH exchangeable proton, enabling hyperpolarisation transfer via proton exchange with the polarisable molecule. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the target molecule comprises a non-hydrogenatable hydrocarbon moiety and the hyperpolarisation of the target molecule occurs by the proton exchange RELAY effect. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hyperpolarisation is achieved by polarisation transfer through spin refrigeration, DNP, para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP), SABRE or from a suitable molecule in a singlet state. 7.-13. (canceled) 14. A method according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic field is an ultra-low magnetic field which is <<1 G (<10−6 T). 15.-20. (canceled) 21. A method according to claim 1 wherein the polarisable molecule contains at least one —SH moiety. 22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the polarisable molecule comprises a thiol or thioamide moiety. 23.-30. (canceled) 31. A method according to claim 1 wherein the target molecule contains at least one —SH moiety. 32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the target molecule comprises a thiol or thioamide moiety. 33. A method according to claim 31 wherein the target molecule comprises:
(i) HSR wherein R represents H, alkylC1-20, aryl, vinyls, or any combination thereof; and
(ii) thioamides, thioacids, thioureas and xanthates. 34. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hyperpolarisation transfer catalyst comprises a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, W, Pd and Pt. 35. (canceled) 36. A method according to claim 34 wherein the hyperpolarisation transfer catalyst comprises a metal atom is iridium with at least one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. 37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand is selected from: 38.-40. (canceled) 41. A method according to claim 1 wherein a biphasic element is introduced into the solvent in order to separate the hyperpolarised target molecule from the transfer catalyst. 42. A method according to claim 41 wherein a biphasic element comprises preparing a fluid containing two separate components, wherein a first solvent is a polar solvent, e.g. DMSO and a second solvent is an immiscible co-solvent e.g. a non-polar solvent, such as, toluene, chloroform or dichloromethane. 43. A method according to claim 41 wherein the ratio of solvent phases is selected to:
(i) maximise the degree of target hyperpolarisation; and/or
(ii) maximise the speed of phase separation. 44. A method according to claim 41 wherein the solvent mixture combination is used to maximise the relaxation time of the hyperpolarised target molecule in the solution by:
(i) employing D2O;
(ii) employing a D2O/H2O mixture of suitable proportion e.g. 1:1; and/or
(iii) adding a further co-solvent to an appropriate aqueous phase such as ethanol or d6-ethanol. 45. A method according to claim 41 wherein a solvent phase-separation promoter e.g. NaCl or NaO2CCH3 or NaOH or NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 or ethanol, at a suitable concentration is added to the system. 46. A method according to claim 45 wherein the concentration of the phase-separation promoter is an amount suitable to:
(i) achieve physiological conditions;
(ii) vary the solutions pH to achieve optimal SABRE;
(iii) optimise organic phase extraction; and/or
(iv) optimise the speed of phase-separation. 47. A method according to claim 45 wherein the phase-separation promoter is suitable for in vivo use and suitable to achieve physiological conditions. 48. A method according to claim 45 wherein the phase-separation promoter is suitable to withstand variations in pH which may be desirable to achieve optimal SABRE. 49.-66. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,695 | 16,641,742 | 1,618 | A system includes a respirator, a sensor including a sensing element, and a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. The sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator. | 1. A system comprising:
a respirator; a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator, and a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit the respirator on a wearer. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein no component of the sensor and no component of a sensor attachment system penetrate a surface of the respirator in contact with an exterior gas space. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and the sensor senses a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is removably positioned within the interior gas space. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the communication between the reader and the sensor is via electromagnetic communication. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via magnetic field. 12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via Near Field Communication. 13. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via Bluetooth Low Energy. 14. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via optical illumination and detection. 15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 16. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 17. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 18. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 19. The system of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 20. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensing device. 21-29. (canceled) | A system includes a respirator, a sensor including a sensing element, and a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. The sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator.1. A system comprising:
a respirator; a sensor comprising a sensing element, wherein the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator, and a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not interfere with a wearer's use of the respirator. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein a size of the sensor and a weight of the sensor are selected such that the sensor does not alter the fit the respirator on a wearer. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein no component of the sensor and no component of a sensor attachment system penetrate a surface of the respirator in contact with an exterior gas space. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is in electrical communication with the sensing element and the sensor senses a change in an electrical property of the sensing element. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to sense fluid-soluble particulate matter when a liquid layer is disposed in a gap on at least a part of the surface of the sensing element, wherein a fluid ionizable particle may at least partially dissolve and may at least partially ionize in the liquid layer, resulting in a change in an electrical property between at least two electrodes of the sensing element. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to detect leakage of unfiltered air into the interior gas space. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is removably positioned within the interior gas space. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is in removable communication with the sensor. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the communication between the reader and the sensor is via electromagnetic communication. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via magnetic field. 12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via Near Field Communication. 13. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via Bluetooth Low Energy. 14. The system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic communication is via optical illumination and detection. 15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about one or more constituents of a gas or aerosol within the interior gas space. 16. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate with one another about physical properties related to a gas within the interior gas space. 17. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor and reader communicate parameters used to assess physiological conditions of a wearer of the respirator. 18. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one component of the liquid layer is provided by human breath. 19. The system of claim 6, wherein interaction of the fluid ionizable particle with the sensing element is at least partially influenced by human breath. 20. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element is configured to be mechanically separable from the sensing device. 21-29. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,696 | 16,641,769 | 1,618 | Provided is a wheel loader in which the speed position of the transmission can be easily changed with a small number of switches. The wheel loader 1 includes a tilting angle sensor 9 for detecting the tilting angle of the vehicle body. In case that the vehicle body is traveling on an uphill or a downhill with a transmission 33 in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle sensor 9 is not smaller than a prescribed threshold value, a transmission control device 45 sends the transmission 33 a command to downshift the transmission 33 one speed position by each operation of a shiftdown switch 62. | 1. A work vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body with a pair of wheels attached to each of a front and a rear; a working device provided on the vehicle body; an engine configured to generate a travel driving force for the vehicle body; a transmission with a plurality of speed positions to which the driving force of the engine is transmitted through a torque converter; a shiftdown switch configured to give the transmission a command to downshift the speed position by operation; a speed sensor configured to detect a speed of the vehicle body; and a transmission control device configured to control the speed position of the transmission according to a command signal given from the shiftdown switch or the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor, wherein a tilting angle detector configured to detect an inclination of the vehicle body is provided, and the transmission control device takes the command signal given to the transmission by a single operation of the shiftdown switch as a command to downshift one speed position at a time or a command to downshift to a lowest speed position, according to the speed position of the transmission during traveling of the vehicle body, the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector. 2. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission to the lowest speed position by a single operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate neither an uphill nor a downhill. 3. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate an uphill or a downhill. 4. The work vehicle according to claim 1, comprising:
a shift mode changeover switch which changes between a first mode to send the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch and a second mode to send the transmission a command to downshift to the lowest speed position by a single operation of the shiftdown switch, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate an uphill or a downhill, even if the second mode is selected by the shift mode changeover switch. | Provided is a wheel loader in which the speed position of the transmission can be easily changed with a small number of switches. The wheel loader 1 includes a tilting angle sensor 9 for detecting the tilting angle of the vehicle body. In case that the vehicle body is traveling on an uphill or a downhill with a transmission 33 in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle sensor 9 is not smaller than a prescribed threshold value, a transmission control device 45 sends the transmission 33 a command to downshift the transmission 33 one speed position by each operation of a shiftdown switch 62.1. A work vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body with a pair of wheels attached to each of a front and a rear; a working device provided on the vehicle body; an engine configured to generate a travel driving force for the vehicle body; a transmission with a plurality of speed positions to which the driving force of the engine is transmitted through a torque converter; a shiftdown switch configured to give the transmission a command to downshift the speed position by operation; a speed sensor configured to detect a speed of the vehicle body; and a transmission control device configured to control the speed position of the transmission according to a command signal given from the shiftdown switch or the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor, wherein a tilting angle detector configured to detect an inclination of the vehicle body is provided, and the transmission control device takes the command signal given to the transmission by a single operation of the shiftdown switch as a command to downshift one speed position at a time or a command to downshift to a lowest speed position, according to the speed position of the transmission during traveling of the vehicle body, the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector. 2. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission to the lowest speed position by a single operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate neither an uphill nor a downhill. 3. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate an uphill or a downhill. 4. The work vehicle according to claim 1, comprising:
a shift mode changeover switch which changes between a first mode to send the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch and a second mode to send the transmission a command to downshift to the lowest speed position by a single operation of the shiftdown switch, wherein the transmission control device sends the transmission a command to downshift the speed position of the transmission one speed position by each operation of the shiftdown switch in case that the vehicle body travels with the transmission in a higher speed position than the lowest speed position and the speed of the vehicle body detected by the speed sensor is smaller than a prescribed vehicle speed threshold value, and the tilting angle detected by the tilting angle detector is decided to indicate an uphill or a downhill, even if the second mode is selected by the shift mode changeover switch. | 1,600 |
338,697 | 16,641,758 | 1,618 | An engine combustion chamber structure includes a combustion chamber of an engine and a fuel injection valve. The fuel injection valve injects fuel toward a cavity in a crown face of a piston. The cavity includes a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face with a first bottom having a first depth, a second cavity provided in an outer side of the first cavity with a second bottom having a second depth being smaller than the first depth, a connecting portion, and a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity. The second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, of the connecting portion. A lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region. | 1. An engine combustion chamber structure comprising:
a combustion chamber of an engine, the combustion chamber being formed by a lower face of a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a crown face of a piston; and a fuel injection valve that injects fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the crown face of the piston is provided with a cavity, the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the cavity and is disposed at or near a radial center of the combustion chamber, the cavity includes
a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face and includes a first bottom having a first depth in a cylinder axial direction,
a second cavity that is provided in the crown face to be in an outer side of an outer circumference of the first cavity and includes a second bottom having a second depth in the cylinder axial direction, the second depth being smaller than the first depth,
a connecting portion that connects the first cavity to the second cavity, and
a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity,
the second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, regarding a cylinder axial direction, of the connecting portion, and a lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region. 2. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first cavity includes, in a cross-section including a cylinder axis, a first section having an arc shape and located farthermost from the fuel injection valve, a second section provided between the first section and the connecting portion, and a third section extending from the first section toward a radially inner side, and the second section and the third section each has an arc shape, and a radius of the arc decreases from the second section to the first section and increases from the first section to the third section. 3. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel injection valve includes an injection hole to inject fuel, and the injection hole has an injection axis along which fuel is injected toward the connecting portion at a predetermined crank angle. 4. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, further comprising
a fuel injection controller that controls fuel injection performed by the fuel injection valve, wherein the fuel injection controller causes the fuel injection valve to perform at least a main injection performed at a timing when the piston is near a top dead center of compression and a pilot injection at a timing earlier than the timing of the main injection, and the injection hole has an injection axis along which fuel is injected toward the connecting portion at a crank angle at which the pilot injection is performed. 5. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 4, wherein
the fuel injection controller performs the pilot injection in an operating range where an engine operates under a middle load. 6. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, wherein
the cavity includes a tapered region extending from the upper end of the connecting portion to the second bottom of the second cavity, and the tapered region has a face having an inclination along the injection axis. 7. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, further comprising
a fuel injection controller that controls fuel injection performed by the fuel injection valve, wherein the fuel injection controller performs the pilot injection in an operating range where an engine operates under a middle load. 8. An engine combustion chamber structure comprising:
a combustion chamber of an engine, the combustion chamber being formed by a lower face of a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a crown face of a piston; and a fuel injection valve that injects fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the crown face of the piston is provided with a cavity and an annular flat portion disposed further in a radially outer side than the cavity, the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the cavity and is disposed at or near a radial center of the combustion chamber, the cavity includes
a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face and includes a first bottom having a first depth from the crown face in a cylinder axial direction,
a second cavity that is provided in the crown face to be in an outer side of an outer circumference of the first cavity and includes a second bottom having a second depth from the crown face in the cylinder axial direction, the second depth being smaller than the first depth,
a connecting portion that connects the first cavity to the second cavity and has a convex shape formed of a curved face having a first radius in a cross-section along the cylinder axial direction, and
a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity,
the second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, regarding a cylinder axial direction, of the connecting portion,
a lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region,
the second cavity has, in the cross-section along the cylinder axial direction, a concave shape formed of a curved face having a second radius in a region between the second bottom and the standing wall region, and a convex shape formed of a curved face having a third radius in a region between an upper edge of the standing wall region and the annular flat portion, and
a sum of the first radius and the second radius is larger than a first distance, and a sum of the second radius and the third radius is set to be equal to or less than a second distance where the first distance is a distance along the cylinder axial direction between a center of the first radius and a center of the second radius and the second distance is a distance along the cylinder radial direction between the center of the second radius and a center of the third radius. | An engine combustion chamber structure includes a combustion chamber of an engine and a fuel injection valve. The fuel injection valve injects fuel toward a cavity in a crown face of a piston. The cavity includes a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face with a first bottom having a first depth, a second cavity provided in an outer side of the first cavity with a second bottom having a second depth being smaller than the first depth, a connecting portion, and a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity. The second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, of the connecting portion. A lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region.1. An engine combustion chamber structure comprising:
a combustion chamber of an engine, the combustion chamber being formed by a lower face of a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a crown face of a piston; and a fuel injection valve that injects fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the crown face of the piston is provided with a cavity, the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the cavity and is disposed at or near a radial center of the combustion chamber, the cavity includes
a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face and includes a first bottom having a first depth in a cylinder axial direction,
a second cavity that is provided in the crown face to be in an outer side of an outer circumference of the first cavity and includes a second bottom having a second depth in the cylinder axial direction, the second depth being smaller than the first depth,
a connecting portion that connects the first cavity to the second cavity, and
a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity,
the second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, regarding a cylinder axial direction, of the connecting portion, and a lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region. 2. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first cavity includes, in a cross-section including a cylinder axis, a first section having an arc shape and located farthermost from the fuel injection valve, a second section provided between the first section and the connecting portion, and a third section extending from the first section toward a radially inner side, and the second section and the third section each has an arc shape, and a radius of the arc decreases from the second section to the first section and increases from the first section to the third section. 3. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel injection valve includes an injection hole to inject fuel, and the injection hole has an injection axis along which fuel is injected toward the connecting portion at a predetermined crank angle. 4. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, further comprising
a fuel injection controller that controls fuel injection performed by the fuel injection valve, wherein the fuel injection controller causes the fuel injection valve to perform at least a main injection performed at a timing when the piston is near a top dead center of compression and a pilot injection at a timing earlier than the timing of the main injection, and the injection hole has an injection axis along which fuel is injected toward the connecting portion at a crank angle at which the pilot injection is performed. 5. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 4, wherein
the fuel injection controller performs the pilot injection in an operating range where an engine operates under a middle load. 6. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, wherein
the cavity includes a tapered region extending from the upper end of the connecting portion to the second bottom of the second cavity, and the tapered region has a face having an inclination along the injection axis. 7. The engine combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, further comprising
a fuel injection controller that controls fuel injection performed by the fuel injection valve, wherein the fuel injection controller performs the pilot injection in an operating range where an engine operates under a middle load. 8. An engine combustion chamber structure comprising:
a combustion chamber of an engine, the combustion chamber being formed by a lower face of a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a crown face of a piston; and a fuel injection valve that injects fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the crown face of the piston is provided with a cavity and an annular flat portion disposed further in a radially outer side than the cavity, the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the cavity and is disposed at or near a radial center of the combustion chamber, the cavity includes
a first cavity that is provided in a radially central region of the crown face and includes a first bottom having a first depth from the crown face in a cylinder axial direction,
a second cavity that is provided in the crown face to be in an outer side of an outer circumference of the first cavity and includes a second bottom having a second depth from the crown face in the cylinder axial direction, the second depth being smaller than the first depth,
a connecting portion that connects the first cavity to the second cavity and has a convex shape formed of a curved face having a first radius in a cross-section along the cylinder axial direction, and
a standing wall region disposed further in a radially outer side than the second bottom of the second cavity,
the second bottom is provided lower than an upper end, regarding a cylinder axial direction, of the connecting portion,
a lower section of the standing wall region is provided further in a radially inner side than an upper edge of the standing wall region,
the second cavity has, in the cross-section along the cylinder axial direction, a concave shape formed of a curved face having a second radius in a region between the second bottom and the standing wall region, and a convex shape formed of a curved face having a third radius in a region between an upper edge of the standing wall region and the annular flat portion, and
a sum of the first radius and the second radius is larger than a first distance, and a sum of the second radius and the third radius is set to be equal to or less than a second distance where the first distance is a distance along the cylinder axial direction between a center of the first radius and a center of the second radius and the second distance is a distance along the cylinder radial direction between the center of the second radius and a center of the third radius. | 1,600 |
338,698 | 16,641,774 | 1,618 | Provided are transparent molded bodies for use as a scintillator for measuring the type and intensity of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, including an organic polymer and, if desired, at least one additive which, under the influence of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, emits scintillation radiation in the range from UV to IR light, the aim is to improve optical and mechanical properties, robustness against environmental influences and the manufacturability. This was achieved in that the organic polymer at least in part contains a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates and one or more polyfunctional hardener components. | 1. A transparent molded body for use as a plastic scintillator for measuring the type and intensity of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, comprising an organic polymer which, under the influence of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, emits scintillation radiation in the range from UV to IR light, wherein the organic polymer, at least in part, contains a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates with at least one of one or more polyfunctional hardener components and an additive. 2. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body comprises;
≥10% by weight to ≤99.99% by weight of a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates with at least one of polyfunctional alcohols, phenols, amines, amino alcohols and aminophenols, ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight of other organic substances scintillating when irradiated with at least one of ionizing radiation n ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight of an additive which scintillates when irradiated with non-ionizing radiation, ≥0% by weight to ≤5% by weight of substances for stabilizing at least one of the polyaddition product and further auxiliaries. 3. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives which scintillate when irradiated with at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation are at least partially covalently incorporated in or are bound to the polymer structure. 4. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein diisocyanates are used as polyfunctional isocyanates, or diisocyanates having —NCO groups on aliphatic carbon atoms. 5. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the di isocyanates having —NCO groups on aliphatic carbon atoms with aromatic or aliphatic rings are used. 6. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein diisocyanates used are selected from the group comprising isophorone diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethylbenzene, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) as at least one of trans-trans, cis-cis and cis-trans isomer, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane as at least one of trans-trans. cis-cis, cis-trans isomer and mixtures of these diisocyanates. 7. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isocyanates used are the trimerization products of diisocyanates having —NCO groups on at least one of aliphatic carbon atoms and reaction products thereof with a stoichiometric deficit of di- or at least one of trifunctional alcohols, amines and amino alcohols (“prepolymers”). 8. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional alcohols used are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols having ≥2 to ≤20 carbon atoms. 9. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional alcohols used are the reaction products of aromatic dihydroxy compounds with on average ≥1 to ≤20 mol of at least one of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. 10. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dihydroxy compound is selected from the group comprising bisphenol A ethoxylate, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and hydroquinone bis(2 hydroxy ethyl) ether and mixtures thereof. 11. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional amines used are at least one of diamines and triamines having primary or secondary amino groups. 12. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional amine used is at least one of an aliphatic diamine having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and bis(2-aminoethyl)amine. 13. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of the NCO groups to the sum of the OH groups and primary amino groups is between ≥0.9 and ≤1.1, especially between ≥0.95 and ≤1.05. 14. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isocyanates are present at ≥0% by weight to ≤20% by weight, based on the isocyanates, these being present as trifunctional compounds. 15. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modifiers present in the polymer chain are hydroxymethylation products of at least one of aromatic scintillators and lithium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. 16. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives, which scintillate on irradiation with at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, are polynuclear aromatic compound/s, preferably selected from the group comprising 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO), p-terphenyl; 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene (POPOP); 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (bis-MSB); napthalene; biphenyl; 1,1′,4,4′-tetraphenylbutadiene; diphenylstilbene; 2-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazole (α-NPO); 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD); 2,5-di(4-biphenyl)oxazole (BBO); 1,4-di(2-(5-p-tolyloxazolyl))benzene (TOPOT); 1,4-di(2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl))benzene (BiMePOPOP); 2-(diethoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (DF); 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenyl)-1,3-oxazole (BPO); 1,3,5-triphenyl-Δ2-pyrazoline (3P-Δ2); 1,2-di(4-biphenylol)ethylene (BBE); 1-(4-biphenylyl)-2-α-naphthylethylene (BαNE); 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene; 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole; trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. 17. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary or secondary scintillators are present in amounts from ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight or in amounts from ≥0.05% by weight to ≤ 5% by weight. 18. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substance scintillating on irradiation with neutrons is lithium salts, or lithium carbonate, in amounts from ≥0.05% by weight to ≤5% by weight. 19. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein free radical scavengers are present as stabilizer in amounts from ≥0.1% by weight to ≤5% by weight. 20. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein an impact modifier is present as further auxiliary. 21. A process for producing a molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein auxiliaries and additives are dissolved in the hardener component, the hardener component and isocyanate component are mixed, if required a curing catalyst is added and the mixture is allowed to react in a form of the desired geometry until hardening. 22. A radiation measuring device comprising a molded body as claimed in claim 1 as a scintillator. | Provided are transparent molded bodies for use as a scintillator for measuring the type and intensity of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, including an organic polymer and, if desired, at least one additive which, under the influence of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, emits scintillation radiation in the range from UV to IR light, the aim is to improve optical and mechanical properties, robustness against environmental influences and the manufacturability. This was achieved in that the organic polymer at least in part contains a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates and one or more polyfunctional hardener components.1. A transparent molded body for use as a plastic scintillator for measuring the type and intensity of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, comprising an organic polymer which, under the influence of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, emits scintillation radiation in the range from UV to IR light, wherein the organic polymer, at least in part, contains a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates with at least one of one or more polyfunctional hardener components and an additive. 2. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body comprises;
≥10% by weight to ≤99.99% by weight of a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates with at least one of polyfunctional alcohols, phenols, amines, amino alcohols and aminophenols, ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight of other organic substances scintillating when irradiated with at least one of ionizing radiation n ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight of an additive which scintillates when irradiated with non-ionizing radiation, ≥0% by weight to ≤5% by weight of substances for stabilizing at least one of the polyaddition product and further auxiliaries. 3. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives which scintillate when irradiated with at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation are at least partially covalently incorporated in or are bound to the polymer structure. 4. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein diisocyanates are used as polyfunctional isocyanates, or diisocyanates having —NCO groups on aliphatic carbon atoms. 5. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the di isocyanates having —NCO groups on aliphatic carbon atoms with aromatic or aliphatic rings are used. 6. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein diisocyanates used are selected from the group comprising isophorone diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethylbenzene, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) as at least one of trans-trans, cis-cis and cis-trans isomer, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane as at least one of trans-trans. cis-cis, cis-trans isomer and mixtures of these diisocyanates. 7. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isocyanates used are the trimerization products of diisocyanates having —NCO groups on at least one of aliphatic carbon atoms and reaction products thereof with a stoichiometric deficit of di- or at least one of trifunctional alcohols, amines and amino alcohols (“prepolymers”). 8. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional alcohols used are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols having ≥2 to ≤20 carbon atoms. 9. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional alcohols used are the reaction products of aromatic dihydroxy compounds with on average ≥1 to ≤20 mol of at least one of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. 10. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dihydroxy compound is selected from the group comprising bisphenol A ethoxylate, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and hydroquinone bis(2 hydroxy ethyl) ether and mixtures thereof. 11. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional amines used are at least one of diamines and triamines having primary or secondary amino groups. 12. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional amine used is at least one of an aliphatic diamine having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and bis(2-aminoethyl)amine. 13. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of the NCO groups to the sum of the OH groups and primary amino groups is between ≥0.9 and ≤1.1, especially between ≥0.95 and ≤1.05. 14. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isocyanates are present at ≥0% by weight to ≤20% by weight, based on the isocyanates, these being present as trifunctional compounds. 15. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modifiers present in the polymer chain are hydroxymethylation products of at least one of aromatic scintillators and lithium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. 16. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives, which scintillate on irradiation with at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, are polynuclear aromatic compound/s, preferably selected from the group comprising 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO), p-terphenyl; 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene (POPOP); 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (bis-MSB); napthalene; biphenyl; 1,1′,4,4′-tetraphenylbutadiene; diphenylstilbene; 2-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazole (α-NPO); 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD); 2,5-di(4-biphenyl)oxazole (BBO); 1,4-di(2-(5-p-tolyloxazolyl))benzene (TOPOT); 1,4-di(2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl))benzene (BiMePOPOP); 2-(diethoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (DF); 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenyl)-1,3-oxazole (BPO); 1,3,5-triphenyl-Δ2-pyrazoline (3P-Δ2); 1,2-di(4-biphenylol)ethylene (BBE); 1-(4-biphenylyl)-2-α-naphthylethylene (BαNE); 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene; 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole; trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. 17. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary or secondary scintillators are present in amounts from ≥0.01% by weight to ≤90% by weight or in amounts from ≥0.05% by weight to ≤ 5% by weight. 18. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substance scintillating on irradiation with neutrons is lithium salts, or lithium carbonate, in amounts from ≥0.05% by weight to ≤5% by weight. 19. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein free radical scavengers are present as stabilizer in amounts from ≥0.1% by weight to ≤5% by weight. 20. The molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein an impact modifier is present as further auxiliary. 21. A process for producing a molded body as claimed in claim 1, wherein auxiliaries and additives are dissolved in the hardener component, the hardener component and isocyanate component are mixed, if required a curing catalyst is added and the mixture is allowed to react in a form of the desired geometry until hardening. 22. A radiation measuring device comprising a molded body as claimed in claim 1 as a scintillator. | 1,600 |
338,699 | 16,641,760 | 1,618 | A rail vehicle contains a roof, a securing device, and a body. The securing device has at least a first securing unit and at least a second securing unit, and the first securing unit and the second securing unit are arranged offset relative to each other and are configured to secure the roof to the body. The first securing unit contains a fixed bearing, the fixed bearing is configured to prevent a movement of the roof relative to the body, and the second securing unit has a floating bearing, the floating bearing is configured to allow a movement of the roof in a longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle and to prevent a movement of the roof perpendicularly to the vehicle longitudinal direction. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A rail vehicle, comprising:
a roof; a car body; and a fastening installation having at least one first fastening unit and at least one second fastening unit, said first fastening unit and said second fastening unit are disposed so as to be mutually offset and configured so as to fasten said roof to said car body, wherein said first fastening unit having a fixed bearing configured for preventing a movement of said roof relative to said car body, wherein said second fastening unit having a floating bearing, wherein said floating bearing configured for permitting a movement of said roof in a vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle, and for preventing a movement of said roof perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction. 15. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said roof has at least one roof segment; said at least one roof segment in the vehicle longitudinal direction covers a sub-region of the rail vehicle, and in a transverse direction extends across an entire vehicle width of the rail vehicle; said car body has a first car body portion and a second car body portion; said first car body portion and said second car body portion extend so as to be parallel with the vehicle longitudinal direction, and are disposed so as to be mutually offset in the transverse direction; said at least one first fastening unit is one of a plurality of first fastening units; said at least one roof segment is connected to said first car body portion exclusively by way of only one of said first fastening units, and is connected to said second car body portion exclusively by way of only one further one of said first fastening units; and said first fastening units are configured so as to be mutually identical. 16. The rail vehicle according to claim 15, wherein:
said fastening installation has a first row and a second row; each of said first and second rows has in each case a plurality of second fastening units and exclusively precisely said first fastening unit; and said first row fastens said at least one roof segment to said first car body portion, and said second row fastens said at least one roof segment to said second car body portion. 17. The rail vehicle according to claim 16, wherein:
said first fastening units are in each case disposed in a first plane; the first plane is aligned so as to be perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle; said second fastening units are in each case disposed in a second plane which is aligned so as to be perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle; and the first plane in relation to the second plane is disposed so as to be offset in the vehicle longitudinal direction. 18. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said roof has a first through opening formed therein; said fixed bearing has a connecting portion and a fastening element with a penetrating portion which is configured in a manner of a stud and has an external circumferential face; said connecting portion is connected to said penetrating portion; said connecting portion on a side that faces away from said penetrating portion is connected to said car body; said penetrating portion penetrates said first through opening; and said first through opening and said external circumferential face of said penetrating portion are configured without a mutual gap. 19. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said fixed bearing has a force-fitting connection and a first fastening rail; said first fastening rail has a lower side connected to said car body; and said force-fitting connection engages in portions in said first fastening rail and pushes said roof against said first fastening rail. 20. The rail vehicle according to claim 15, wherein:
said floating bearing has a fastening sleeve and a further force-fitting connection with a screw nut and a screw; said roof has a second through opening formed therein; said screw at one side is coupled to said car body, and at an opposite side said screw nut is screwed onto said screw about a screw axis of said screw; said fastening sleeve is disposed between said screw nut and said car body, and has a first sleeve portion, a second sleeve portion which in terms of the screw axis is axially contiguous to said first sleeve portion, and a third through opening formed therein; said second sleeve portion in terms of the screw axis has a larger radial extent than said first sleeve portion; said screw penetrates said third through opening, and said first sleeve portion engages in said second through opening; and said second sleeve portion is disposed between said screw nut and said roof and, by way of said roof impacting on said second sleeve portion, prevents a movement of said roof away from said car body. 21. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said third through opening is disposed so as be centric in relation to said second sleeve portion; and said first sleeve portion is disposed so as to be eccentric in relation to said second sleeve portion. 22. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said third through opening is configured in a manner of an elongate hole; and said third through opening in a direction of wider extent thereof extends transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction. 23. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said second fastening unit has a second fastening rail; said second fastening rail by way of a lower side is fastened to said car body on an upper side; said screw has a screw head which engages in said second fastening rail; said fastening sleeve is braced between said second fastening rail and said screw nut, and said first sleeve portion at a face side bears on an upper side of said second fastening rail; and said second sleeve portion by way of a sleeve lower side holds said roof to said upper side of said second fastening rail. 24. The rail vehicle according to claim 23, wherein disposed between said roof and a face side of said second sleeve portion is an axial gap. 25. The rail vehicle according to claim 23,
further comprising an elastic element disposed between a face side of said second sleeve portion and said roof; wherein said elastic element is configured so as to be disk-shaped and encompasses circumferentially said first sleeve portion; and wherein said elastic element contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of: rubber, silicone, and natural rubber. 26. The rail vehicle according to claim 23, wherein:
said roof segment has a roof portion and a fastening portion; said roof portion extends between said first and second car body portions and conjointly with said first and second car body portions delimits a vehicle interior space; said fastening portion is disposed so as to be laterally contiguous to said roof portion and is connected to said roof portion and extends from the vehicle interior space away toward an outside; said fastening portion is configured so as to be plate-shaped, and said second through opening is disposed in said fastening portion; said fastening portion on a lower side bears on an upper side of said second fastening rail; and said fastening portion is disposed between said upper side of said second fastening rail and said second sleeve portion. 27. The rail vehicle according to claim 19, wherein said force-fitting connection is a screw connection. | A rail vehicle contains a roof, a securing device, and a body. The securing device has at least a first securing unit and at least a second securing unit, and the first securing unit and the second securing unit are arranged offset relative to each other and are configured to secure the roof to the body. The first securing unit contains a fixed bearing, the fixed bearing is configured to prevent a movement of the roof relative to the body, and the second securing unit has a floating bearing, the floating bearing is configured to allow a movement of the roof in a longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle and to prevent a movement of the roof perpendicularly to the vehicle longitudinal direction.1-13. (canceled) 14. A rail vehicle, comprising:
a roof; a car body; and a fastening installation having at least one first fastening unit and at least one second fastening unit, said first fastening unit and said second fastening unit are disposed so as to be mutually offset and configured so as to fasten said roof to said car body, wherein said first fastening unit having a fixed bearing configured for preventing a movement of said roof relative to said car body, wherein said second fastening unit having a floating bearing, wherein said floating bearing configured for permitting a movement of said roof in a vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle, and for preventing a movement of said roof perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction. 15. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said roof has at least one roof segment; said at least one roof segment in the vehicle longitudinal direction covers a sub-region of the rail vehicle, and in a transverse direction extends across an entire vehicle width of the rail vehicle; said car body has a first car body portion and a second car body portion; said first car body portion and said second car body portion extend so as to be parallel with the vehicle longitudinal direction, and are disposed so as to be mutually offset in the transverse direction; said at least one first fastening unit is one of a plurality of first fastening units; said at least one roof segment is connected to said first car body portion exclusively by way of only one of said first fastening units, and is connected to said second car body portion exclusively by way of only one further one of said first fastening units; and said first fastening units are configured so as to be mutually identical. 16. The rail vehicle according to claim 15, wherein:
said fastening installation has a first row and a second row; each of said first and second rows has in each case a plurality of second fastening units and exclusively precisely said first fastening unit; and said first row fastens said at least one roof segment to said first car body portion, and said second row fastens said at least one roof segment to said second car body portion. 17. The rail vehicle according to claim 16, wherein:
said first fastening units are in each case disposed in a first plane; the first plane is aligned so as to be perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle; said second fastening units are in each case disposed in a second plane which is aligned so as to be perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle; and the first plane in relation to the second plane is disposed so as to be offset in the vehicle longitudinal direction. 18. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said roof has a first through opening formed therein; said fixed bearing has a connecting portion and a fastening element with a penetrating portion which is configured in a manner of a stud and has an external circumferential face; said connecting portion is connected to said penetrating portion; said connecting portion on a side that faces away from said penetrating portion is connected to said car body; said penetrating portion penetrates said first through opening; and said first through opening and said external circumferential face of said penetrating portion are configured without a mutual gap. 19. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, wherein:
said fixed bearing has a force-fitting connection and a first fastening rail; said first fastening rail has a lower side connected to said car body; and said force-fitting connection engages in portions in said first fastening rail and pushes said roof against said first fastening rail. 20. The rail vehicle according to claim 15, wherein:
said floating bearing has a fastening sleeve and a further force-fitting connection with a screw nut and a screw; said roof has a second through opening formed therein; said screw at one side is coupled to said car body, and at an opposite side said screw nut is screwed onto said screw about a screw axis of said screw; said fastening sleeve is disposed between said screw nut and said car body, and has a first sleeve portion, a second sleeve portion which in terms of the screw axis is axially contiguous to said first sleeve portion, and a third through opening formed therein; said second sleeve portion in terms of the screw axis has a larger radial extent than said first sleeve portion; said screw penetrates said third through opening, and said first sleeve portion engages in said second through opening; and said second sleeve portion is disposed between said screw nut and said roof and, by way of said roof impacting on said second sleeve portion, prevents a movement of said roof away from said car body. 21. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said third through opening is disposed so as be centric in relation to said second sleeve portion; and said first sleeve portion is disposed so as to be eccentric in relation to said second sleeve portion. 22. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said third through opening is configured in a manner of an elongate hole; and said third through opening in a direction of wider extent thereof extends transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction. 23. The rail vehicle according to claim 20, wherein:
said second fastening unit has a second fastening rail; said second fastening rail by way of a lower side is fastened to said car body on an upper side; said screw has a screw head which engages in said second fastening rail; said fastening sleeve is braced between said second fastening rail and said screw nut, and said first sleeve portion at a face side bears on an upper side of said second fastening rail; and said second sleeve portion by way of a sleeve lower side holds said roof to said upper side of said second fastening rail. 24. The rail vehicle according to claim 23, wherein disposed between said roof and a face side of said second sleeve portion is an axial gap. 25. The rail vehicle according to claim 23,
further comprising an elastic element disposed between a face side of said second sleeve portion and said roof; wherein said elastic element is configured so as to be disk-shaped and encompasses circumferentially said first sleeve portion; and wherein said elastic element contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of: rubber, silicone, and natural rubber. 26. The rail vehicle according to claim 23, wherein:
said roof segment has a roof portion and a fastening portion; said roof portion extends between said first and second car body portions and conjointly with said first and second car body portions delimits a vehicle interior space; said fastening portion is disposed so as to be laterally contiguous to said roof portion and is connected to said roof portion and extends from the vehicle interior space away toward an outside; said fastening portion is configured so as to be plate-shaped, and said second through opening is disposed in said fastening portion; said fastening portion on a lower side bears on an upper side of said second fastening rail; and said fastening portion is disposed between said upper side of said second fastening rail and said second sleeve portion. 27. The rail vehicle according to claim 19, wherein said force-fitting connection is a screw connection. | 1,600 |
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