triplets
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stringlengths 56
13.5k
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38.4k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
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529k
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|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Bushehr",
"founded by",
"Nader Shah"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bushehr<\e1> and <e2>Nader Shah<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,355 |
[
"Jihlava Hospital",
"founded by",
"Vysočina Region"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Jihlava Hospital<\e1> and <e2>Vysočina Region<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,356 |
[
"Integral yoga (Aurobindo)",
"founded by",
"Aurobindo Ghosh"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Integral yoga (Aurobindo)<\e1> and <e2>Aurobindo Ghosh<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,357 |
[
"Fox News (1919–1930)",
"founded by",
"William Fox"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Fox News (1919–1930)<\e1> and <e2>William Fox<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,359 |
[
"Pirate Party (Iceland)",
"founded by",
"Birgitta Jónsdóttir"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Pirate Party (Iceland)<\e1> and <e2>Birgitta Jónsdóttir<\e2>.
History
The Icelandic Pirate Party was founded on 24 November 2012 by Smári McCarthy and several Internet activists, including Birgitta Jónsdóttir (previously a member of the Movement).
The party successfully applied for the ballot list letter Þ (resembling the party's logo) in order to run in the 2013 election. In July 2016, the party requested and was issued the letter P for future elections.
In their first electoral participation, at the 2013 parliamentary election, the Pirate Party won 5.1% of the votes, just above the 5% threshold required to win representation in the Althing. The three members elected, Birgitta Jónsdóttir, Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson, and Jón Þór Ólafsson, were the first pirates elected to any national legislature in the world.Following the Charlie Hebdo shooting on 7 January 2015, the Pirate Party began a campaign to repeal Iceland's blasphemy laws. The laws, which had been introduced in 1940, were successfully repealed in early July 2015. The repeal, introduced by the Pirate Party, read: "Freedom of expression is one of the cornerstones of democracy. It is fundamental to a free society that people should be able to express themselves without fear of punishment, whether from the authorities or from other people". During the vote on the repeal, the three Pirate Party members of the Althing stood and declared "Je suis Charlie", in solidarity with the French satirical magazine.For around a year from April 2015 to April 2016, the party consistently topped polling for the next Icelandic parliamentary election in 2016, with support roughly equal to the Independence Party and the Progressive Party combined, who were at the time partners in a coalition government.An MMR opinion poll published in January 2016 put their public support at 37.8%, significantly above that of all other Icelandic political parties.In April 2016, public protests about the Prime Minister's role in the Panama Papers brought out a significant percentage of the whole population, and may have been among "the largest demonstrations of any kind, in any country, ever (proportionately speaking)". In the wake of the Panama Papers scandal, polls in April 2016 showed the Pirate Party at 43% and the Independence Party at 21.6%.A poll by the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Iceland with data from 14–19 October 2016 put the Pirate Party in first place in the general election on the 29 October 2016 with 22.6% of the vote.The party significantly underperformed in the election. While they saw a major increase in vote-share and seats, they finished in third place behind the Independence Party and Left-Greens with 14.5% of the vote; almost a third of what some had polls shown at the beginning of the year.In the 2017 election held a year later, the Pirates fell to sixth place, winning 9.2% of the vote and losing four seats. The Pirates held pat in the 2021 election, winning six seats and remaining in sixth position. | founded by | 33,995 | 102,361 |
[
"Breakthrough Initiatives",
"founded by",
"Yuri Milner"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Breakthrough Initiatives<\e1> and <e2>Yuri Milner<\e2>.
Breakthrough Initiatives is a science-based program founded in 2015 and funded by Julia and Yuri Milner, also of Breakthrough Prize, to search for extraterrestrial intelligence over a span of at least 10 years. The program is divided into multiple projects. Breakthrough Listen will comprise an effort to search over 1,000,000 stars for artificial radio or laser signals. A parallel project called Breakthrough Message is an effort to create a message "representative of humanity and planet Earth". The project Breakthrough Starshot, co-founded with Mark Zuckerberg, aims to send a swarm of probes to the nearest star at about 20% the speed of light. The project Breakthrough Watch aims to identify and characterize Earth-sized, rocky planets around Alpha Centauri and other stars within 20 light years of Earth. Breakthrough plans to send a mission to Saturn's moon Enceladus, in search for life in its warm ocean, and in 2018 signed a partnership agreement with NASA for the project.History
The Breakthrough Initiatives were announced to the public on 20 July 2015, at London's Royal Society by physicist Stephen Hawking. Russian tycoon Yuri Milner created the Initiatives to search for intelligent extraterrestrial life in the Universe and consider a plan for possibly transmitting messages out into space.
The announcement included an open letter co-signed by multiple scientists, including Hawking, expressing support for an intensified search for alien radio communications. During the public launch, Hawking said: "In an infinite Universe, there must be other life. There is no bigger question. It is time to commit to finding the answer."The US$100 million cash infusion is projected to mark up the pace of SETI research over the early 2000s rate, and will nearly double the rate NASA was spending on SETI research annually in approximately 1973–1993. | founded by | 33,996 | 102,362 |
[
"St. Xavier's Institution",
"founded by",
"Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>St. Xavier's Institution<\e1> and <e2>Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,363 |
[
"Ukrainian Football Amateur Association",
"founded by",
"Football Federation of Ukraine"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ukrainian Football Amateur Association<\e1> and <e2>Football Federation of Ukraine<\e2>.
The Association of Amateur Football of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Асоціація аматорського футболу України, AAFU) is a sports organization that administers national competitions of association football among amateur and children teams. AAFU is a collective member of the Football Federation of Ukraine.
It was established 2 March 1998 and under the association agreement between the Football Federation of Ukraine and the Association, it is authorized to organize the All-Ukrainian National Football Championship and Cup tournaments amongst amateur football teams. The football championship is considered the fourth level of national competition and is the premier competitions for amateur clubs (professionally non-licensed). Current head (formerly presidential post) of the AAFU is Oleksandr Kadenko. | founded by | 33,997 | 102,364 |
[
"Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam",
"founded by",
"C. N. Annadurai"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<\e1> and <e2>C. N. Annadurai<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,366 |
[
"Islamic State",
"founded by",
"Abu Musab al-Zarqawi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Islamic State<\e1> and <e2>Abu Musab al-Zarqawi<\e2>.
History
The group was founded in 1999 by Jordanian Salafi jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi under the name Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād (lit. 'The Organisation of Monotheism and Jihad'). In a letter published by the Coalition Provisional Authority in February 2004, Zarqawi wrote that jihadis should use bombings to start an open sectarian war so that Sunnis from the Islamic world would mobilise against assassinations carried out by Shia, specifically the Badr Brigade, against Ba'athists and Sunnis. | founded by | 34,000 | 102,368 |
[
"Islamic State",
"founded by",
"Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Islamic State<\e1> and <e2>Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi<\e2>.
Leadership and governance
From 2013 to 2019, ISIL was headed and run by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the Islamic State's self-styled Caliph. Before their deaths, he had two deputy leaders, Abu Muslim al-Turkmani for Iraq and Abu Ali al-Anbari (also known as Abu Ala al-Afri) for Syria, both ethnic Turkmen. Advising al-Baghdadi were a cabinet of senior leaders, while its operations in Iraq and Syria are controlled by local 'emirs,' who head semi-autonomous groups which the Islamic State refers to as its provinces. Beneath the leaders are councils on finance, leadership, military matters, legal matters (including decisions on executions) foreign fighters' assistance, security, intelligence and media. In addition, a shura council has the task of ensuring that all decisions made by the governors and councils comply with the group's interpretation of sharia. While al-Baghdadi had told followers to "advise me when I err" in sermons, according to observers "any threat, opposition, or even contradiction is instantly eradicated".According to Iraqis, Syrians, and analysts who study the group, almost all of ISIL's leaders—including the members of its military and security committees and the majority of its emirs and princes—are former Iraqi military and intelligence officers, specifically former members of Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath government who lost their jobs and pensions in the de-Ba'athification process after that regime was overthrown. The former Chief Strategist in the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism of the US State Department, David Kilcullen, has said that "There undeniably would be no Isis if we had not invaded Iraq." It has been reported that Iraqis and Syrians have been given greater precedence over other nationalities within ISIL because the group needs the loyalties of the local Sunni populations in both Syria and Iraq in order to be sustainable. Other reports, however, have indicated that Syrians are at a disadvantage to foreign members, with some native Syrian fighters resenting "favouritism" allegedly shown towards foreigners over pay and accommodation.In August 2016, media reports based on briefings by Western intelligence agencies suggested that ISIL had a multilevel secret service known in Arabic as Emni, established in 2014, that has become a combination of an internal police force and an external operations directorate complete with regional branches. The unit was believed to be under the overall command of ISIL's most senior Syrian operative, spokesman and propaganda chief Abu Mohammad al-Adnani until his death by airstrike in late August 2016.On 27 October 2019, the United States conducted a special operation targeting al-Baghdadi's compound in Barisha, Idlib, Northwest Syria. The attack resulted in al-Baghdadi's death; caught by surprise and unable to escape, al-Baghdadi detonated a suicide vest, deliberately killing both himself and two children who had been living in the compound prior to the assault. U.S. President Donald Trump stated in a televised announcement that Baghdadi had, in fact, died during the operation and that American forces used support from helicopters, jets and drones through airspace controlled by Russia and Turkey. He said that "Russia treated us great... Iraq was excellent. We really had great cooperation" and Turkey knew they were going in. He thanked Turkey, Russia, Syria, Iraq and the Syrian Kurdish forces for their support. The Turkish Defence Ministry also confirmed on Sunday that Turkish and U.S. military authorities exchanged and coordinated information ahead of an attack in Syria's Idlib. Fahrettin Altun, a senior aide to Turkish President Tayyib Erdogan, also stated, among other things, that "Turkey was proud to help the United States, our NATO ally, bring a notorious terrorist to justice" and that Turkey "will continue to work closely with the United States and others to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations." Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov declined to say if the United States had told Russia about the raid in advance but said that its result if confirmed, represented a serious contribution by the United States to combat terrorism. Russia had previously claimed Baghdadi was killed in May 2019 by their airstrike.In September 2019, a statement attributed to ISIL's propaganda arm, the Amaq news agency, claimed that Abdullah Qardash was named as al-Baghdadi's successor. Analysts dismissed this statement as a fabrication, and relatives were reported as saying that Qardash died in 2017. Rita Katz, a terrorism analyst and the co-founder of SITE Intelligence, noted that the alleged statement used a different font when compared to other statements and it was never distributed on Amaq or ISIL channels.On 29 October 2019, Trump stated on social media that al-Baghdadi's "number one replacement" had been killed by American forces, without giving a name. A U.S. official later confirmed that Trump was referring to ISIL spokesman and senior leader Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir, who was killed in a U.S. airstrike in Syria two days earlier. On 31 October, ISIL named Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi al-Qurayshi as Baghdadi's successor. On 3 February 2022, it was reported by a US official that al-Hashimi killed himself and members of his family by triggering an explosive device during a counter-terrorism raid by the US Joint Special Operations Command. On 30 November 2022, ISIL announced that their unidentified leader had been killed in battle and named a successor, providing no additional information other than his pseudonym. A spokesman for U.S. Central Command confirmed that ISIL's leader had been killed in mid-October by anti-government rebels in southern Syria. On 16 February 2023, senior ISIS leader Hamza al-Homsi blew himself up in a U.S.-led raid in Syria. | founded by | 34,002 | 102,379 |
[
"Deutsche Postbank",
"founded by",
"Deutsche Bundespost"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Deutsche Postbank<\e1> and <e2>Deutsche Bundespost<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,384 |
[
"SRT (auto company)",
"founded by",
"Stellantis North America"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>SRT (auto company)<\e1> and <e2>Stellantis North America<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,386 |
[
"SRT (auto company)",
"owned by",
"Stellantis"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>SRT (auto company)<\e1> and <e2>Stellantis<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,387 |
[
"Metropolitan Police",
"founded by",
"Robert Peel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Metropolitan Police<\e1> and <e2>Robert Peel<\e2>.
History
The Metropolitan Police Service was founded in 1829 by Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel under the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 and on 29 September of that year, the first constables of the service appeared on the streets of London. Ten years later, Metropolitan Police Act 1839 consolidated policing within London by expanding the Metropolitan Police District and either abolishing or amalgamating the various other law enforcement entities within London into the Metropolitan Police such as the Thames River Police and the Bow Street Runners. | founded by | 34,004 | 102,389 |
[
"Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad",
"founded by",
"Abu Musab al-Zarqawi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad<\e1> and <e2>Abu Musab al-Zarqawi<\e2>.
Origins
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was a Jordanian Jihadist who traveled to Afghanistan to fight with in the Soviet–Afghan War, but arrived after the departure of the Soviet troops, and soon returned to his homeland. He eventually returned to Afghanistan, where he ran an Islamic militant training camp near Herat.A report released by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy in mid-2014 describes al-Zarqawi, in association with other Jordanians and Sunni Jihadist militants, as starting JTJ in 1999 with its training camp in Herat, and with "a small amount of seed money" from bin Laden "which continued until 9/11". | founded by | 34,005 | 102,392 |
[
"Dictionary of Canadian Biography",
"founded by",
"University of Toronto"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dictionary of Canadian Biography<\e1> and <e2>University of Toronto<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,395 |
[
"Bell Tower of Saint Sophia Cathedral",
"founded by",
"Ivan Mazepa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bell Tower of Saint Sophia Cathedral<\e1> and <e2>Ivan Mazepa<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,397 |
[
"Vorpahavak",
"founded by",
"Zaven I Der Yeghiayan of Constantinople"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Vorpahavak<\e1> and <e2>Zaven I Der Yeghiayan of Constantinople<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,398 |
[
"Atlit detainee camp",
"founded by",
"Mandatory Palestine"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Atlit detainee camp<\e1> and <e2>Mandatory Palestine<\e2>.
The Atlit detainee camp was a concentration camp established by the authorities of Mandatory Palestine in the late 1930s on what is now the Israeli coastal plain, 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Haifa. Under British rule, it was primarily used to hold Jews and Arabs who were in administrative detention; it largely held Jewish immigrants who did not possess official entry permits. Tens of thousands of Jewish refugees were interned at the camp, which was surrounded by barbed wire and watchtowers.
The camp at Atlit now has a museum that covers the history of aliyah by non-permitted Jews. It was declared a National Heritage Site by Israel in 1987. | founded by | 34,008 | 102,399 |
[
"Phi Beta Kappa",
"founded by",
"John Heath"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Phi Beta Kappa<\e1> and <e2>John Heath<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,400 |
[
"Virgin Trains",
"owned by",
"Virgin Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Trains<\e1> and <e2>Virgin Group<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,401 |
[
"Virgin Trains",
"founded by",
"Richard Branson"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Trains<\e1> and <e2>Richard Branson<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,402 |
[
"Virgin Trains",
"owned by",
"Stagecoach Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Trains<\e1> and <e2>Stagecoach Group<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,403 |
[
"Castello Normanno-Svevo (Bari)",
"founded by",
"Roger II of Sicily"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Castello Normanno-Svevo (Bari)<\e1> and <e2>Roger II of Sicily<\e2>.
The Castello Svevo or Swabian Castle (Italian: Castello normanno-svevo), also known as the Houhenstaufen Castle, is a castle in the Apulian city of Bari, Italy. Built around 1132 by Norman King Roger II, it is currently used for exhibitions.History
Probably built in 1132 by Norman King Roger II, it was destroyed in 1156 by king William I of Sicily and rebuilt and reinforced in 1233 by the Holy Roman emperor Fredrick II. During the Angevin domination, it went through several transformation, and after being acquired by Duke Ferdinand of Aragon, was donated to the Sforza family and passed to Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland. After Bona's death, it was returned under the King of Naples and transformed into a prison and barracks.
The castle is surrounded by a moat on all sides, except the northern section, which was bordering the sea and can be accessed from the bridge and the gate on the southern side. It is mainly composed of the Aragon walls and the main Hohenstaufen tower, and is currently used for exhibitions. | founded by | 34,009 | 102,406 |
[
"Virgin Records",
"founded by",
"Richard Branson"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Records<\e1> and <e2>Richard Branson<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,407 |
[
"Virgin Records",
"founded by",
"Tom Newman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Records<\e1> and <e2>Tom Newman<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,408 |
[
"Virgin Records",
"owned by",
"Capitol Music Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Records<\e1> and <e2>Capitol Music Group<\e2>.
Virgin Records America
Virgin Records America, Inc. was the company's North American operations founded in 1986. They are no longer active and were headquartered in Hollywood, California, and operated under the Capitol Music Group imprint, now also owned by UMG, since 2012. The US operations had also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remained on Virgin Records America's roster, which was mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Barbara Pravi, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against. | owned by | 34,010 | 102,410 |
[
"Virgin Records",
"founded by",
"Nik Powell"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Virgin Records<\e1> and <e2>Nik Powell<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,411 |
[
"Focolare Movement",
"founded by",
"Chiara Lubich"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Focolare Movement<\e1> and <e2>Chiara Lubich<\e2>.
Servants of God
Chiara Lubich [Silvia] – (1920–2008), Layperson of the Diocese of Frascati; Founder of the Focolare Movement
Igino Giordani [Foco] – (1894–1980), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Frascati; Cofounder (Italy)
Albertina Violi Zirondoli – (1901–1972), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Fiesole; Consecrated Member (Italy)
Alberto Michelotti – (1958–1980), Young Layperson of the Archdiocese of Genoa; Member (Italy)
Carlo Grisolia [Vir] – (1960–1980), Young Layperson of the Archdiocese of Genoa; Member (Italy)
Maria Cecilia Perrin de Buide – (1957–1985), Married Layperson of the Archdiocese of Bahia Blanca; Member (Argentina)
Margarita Bavosi [Luminosa] – (1941–1985), Layperson of the Archdiocese of Madrid; Consecrated Member (Argentina-Italy)
Renata Borlone – (1930–1990), Layperson of the Diocese of Fiesole; Consecrated Member (Italy)
Santa Scorese – (1968–1991), Young Layperson of the Diocese of Bari-Bitonto; Associate; Martyr (Italy)
Dario Porta – (1930–1996), Priest of the Diocese of Parma; Member (Italy)
Manuel Pascual Perrin – (1925–2000), Married Layperson of the Archdiocese of Bahia Blanca; Member (Argentina)
Ginetta Calliari – (1918–2001), Layperson of the Diocese of Osasco; Consecrated Member (Italy-Brazil)
Domenico Antonio Mangano – (1938–2001), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Albano; Member of the Volunteers of God – Focolare Movement (Italy) | founded by | 34,011 | 102,413 |
[
"Lotte Group",
"founded by",
"Shin Kyuk-ho"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Lotte Group<\e1> and <e2>Shin Kyuk-ho<\e2>.
Lotte Group is a corporate group started by Korean businessman Shin Kyuk-ho in Tokyo on June 28, 1948, starting with the Japanese Lotte Co., composed of Lotte Holdings (Japan) and Lotte Corporation (South Korea). Shin expanded Lotte to his ancestral country, South Korea, with the establishment of Lotte Confectionery in Seoul on April 3, 1967.Name
The source of the company's name is neither Korean nor Japanese, or even Chinese, but German. Shin Kyuk-ho was impressed with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and named his newly founded company Lotte after the character Charlotte in the novel. ("Charlotte" is also the name of premium auditoriums in movie theatres run by Lotte.) Lotte's current marketing slogan in Japan is "The sweetheart of your mouth, Lotte" (お口の恋人,ロッテ, Okuchi no koibito, Rotte). | founded by | 34,013 | 102,419 |
[
"San Miguel de Lillo",
"founded by",
"Ramiro I of Asturias"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>San Miguel de Lillo<\e1> and <e2>Ramiro I of Asturias<\e2>.
St. Michael of Lillo (Spanish: San Miguel de Lillo, Asturian: Samiguel de Lliño) is a Roman Catholic church built on the Naranco mount, near the Church of Santa María del Naranco in Asturias. It was completed in 842 and it was consecrated by Ramiro I of Asturias and his wife Paterna in the year 848. It was originally dedicated to St. Mary until this worship passed to the nearby palace in the 12th century, leaving this church dedicated to Saint Michael. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. | founded by | 34,016 | 102,425 |
[
"Etos",
"founded by",
"Koninklijke Philips NV"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Etos<\e1> and <e2>Koninklijke Philips NV<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,427 |
[
"Etos",
"owned by",
"Ahold Delhaize"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Etos<\e1> and <e2>Ahold Delhaize<\e2>.
History
Etos had a bakery and even fuel pumps, in 1931 the stores went private as Etos.In 1973 Etos was bought by Ahold which reformed the grocery stores to the Albert Heijn formula. The drug stores went on as Etos.
Etos has 546 stores in the Netherlands. 54% of the Etos stores operates as a franchise.
In 2008 Etos was named best drug store of the Netherlands for the first time (the first 11 years this had been drug store "DA"). In 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015 and 2017 it managed to extend this title. | owned by | 34,017 | 102,428 |
[
"České Budějovice",
"founded by",
"Ottokar II of Bohemia"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>České Budějovice<\e1> and <e2>Ottokar II of Bohemia<\e2>.
History
The first written mention of Budějovice is from 1251, when it was only a village. The royal city was founded on its site by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1265. The siting and planning of the city was carried out by the king's knight Hirzo. The German-speaking settlers were coming from the Bohemian Forest and Upper Austria. The royal city was created as a platform of the king's power in South Bohemia and to counterbalance the powerful noble House of Rosenberg, which became extinct in 1611.
In 1341 King John of Bohemia allowed Jewish families to reside within the city walls, and the first synagogue was built in 1380; however several pogroms occurred in the late 15th and early 16th century. Since the Hussite Wars, the city was traditionally a bulwark of the Catholic Church during the long-lasting religious conflicts in the Kingdom of Bohemia. A part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526, České Budějovice remained a loyal supporter of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. České Budějovice underwent a short occupation by Prussia during the Silesian Wars, and the war between the Habsburgs and the French army in 1742.
In 1762 the Piarists established a gymnasium here and Emperor Joseph II founded the diocese in 1785. In 1847, the production of Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth pencils was relocated from Vienna to Budějovice. Aside from Hardtmuth, Adalbert Lanna the Elder belonged among the city's most prominent industrialists of the 19th century. During his time, Budějovice became a major trade hub. The Budweis–Linz Horse-Drawn Railway was built in 1825–1832 and became the second oldest public line in continental Europe (after the St. Étienne-Andrézieux line in France).The city remained a German-speaking enclave until 1880, after which Czechs became the majority. Until the end of World War II, the city contained a significant German minority (about 15.5% in 1930). For example, the ratios between the Germans and the Czechs were in 1880: 11,829 Germans to 11,812 Czechs, in 1890: 11,642 to 16,585, in 1900: 15,400 to 23,400, in 1910: 16,900 to 27,300 and in 1921: 7,415 to 35,800.During World War II, the city was occupied by Nazi Germany. The occupiers operated a Gestapo prison and a forced labour camp in the city. During the final stages of the war, in March 1945, České Budějovice's marshalling yard was twice targeted by United States Army Air Forces raids that greatly damaged the city and caused great loss of life. At the end of the war, on 9 May 1945, Soviet troops liberated the city. The entire German population was expelled in 1945 under the Beneš decrees and the Potsdam Agreement. | founded by | 34,018 | 102,431 |
[
"České Budějovice",
"founded by",
"Hirzo z Klingenbergu"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>České Budějovice<\e1> and <e2>Hirzo z Klingenbergu<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,433 |
[
"Königsberg Castle",
"founded by",
"Ottokar II of Bohemia"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Königsberg Castle<\e1> and <e2>Ottokar II of Bohemia<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,435 |
[
"Peace Palace",
"founded by",
"Wilhelmina of the Netherlands"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Peace Palace<\e1> and <e2>Wilhelmina of the Netherlands<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,436 |
[
"Peace Palace",
"founded by",
"Andrew Carnegie"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Peace Palace<\e1> and <e2>Andrew Carnegie<\e2>.
The Peace Palace (Dutch: Vredespaleis; pronounced [ˈvreːdəspaːˌlɛis], The Hague dialect: [ˈfʁeidəspaːˌlɛːs]) is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), The Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library.
The palace officially opened on 28 August 1913; it was originally built to provide a home for the PCA, a court created to end war by the Hague Convention of 1899. Andrew Dickson White, whose efforts were instrumental in creating the court, secured from Scottish-American steel magnate Andrew Carnegie US$1.5 million ($50,000,000, adjusted for inflation) to build the Peace Palace. The European Heritage Label was awarded to the Peace Palace on 8 April 2014. | founded by | 34,019 | 102,437 |
[
"Peace Palace",
"owned by",
"Carnegie Foundation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Peace Palace<\e1> and <e2>Carnegie Foundation<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,439 |
[
"Mahler Chamber Orchestra",
"founded by",
"Claudio Abbado"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mahler Chamber Orchestra<\e1> and <e2>Claudio Abbado<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,440 |
[
"Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester",
"founded by",
"Claudio Abbado"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester<\e1> and <e2>Claudio Abbado<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,441 |
[
"Court Church",
"founded by",
"Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Court Church<\e1> and <e2>Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor<\e2>.
The Hofkirche (Court Church) is a Gothic church located in the Altstadt (Old Town) section of Innsbruck, Austria. The church was built in 1553 by Emperor Ferdinand I (1503–1564) as a memorial to his grandfather Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519), whose cenotaph within boasts a remarkable collection of German Renaissance sculpture. The church also contains the tomb of Andreas Hofer, Tyrol's national hero.Although Maximilian's will had directed that he be buried in the castle chapel in Wiener Neustadt, it proved impractical to construct there the large memorial whose plans he had supervised in detail, and Ferdinand I as executor planned construction of a new church and monastery in Innsbruck for a suitable memorial. In the end, however, Maximilian's simple tomb remained in Wiener Neustadt and the Hofkirche serves as a cenotaph. | founded by | 34,020 | 102,442 |
[
"Queen Anne's Summer Palace",
"owned by",
"Czech Republic"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Queen Anne's Summer Palace<\e1> and <e2>Czech Republic<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,443 |
[
"Queen Anne's Summer Palace",
"founded by",
"Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Queen Anne's Summer Palace<\e1> and <e2>Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor<\e2>.
History
Ferdinand I commissioned the Summer Palace, built on the eastern edge of the Royal Garden between 1538 and 1560, for his wife Anne Jagiellonica. The garden was founded simultaneously with the Palace. It was initially designed by Italian architect Paolo della Stella, and construction was started by Giovanni Spatio, but both men died before the building was completed, as did Jagiellonica.Upon its completion, the palace was not regularly used until Rudolf II converted its first floor into an astronomical observatory, and used the palace to accommodate his guests. After Rudolf II's death, the palace was again unused for over thirty years. Afterwards, it served as a military base for Swedish soldiers in the Thirty Years War. For over 100 years, an artillery laboratory was based on the grounds until governor count Karel Chotek evicted the artillery.After it was abandoned by the military, Bernard Grueber and Petr Nobile organised the renovation of the building, which included the addition of a picture gallery and a Classicist staircase. Other reconstruction of the building took place in 1860s. In the 1950s, the palace was restored by a Czech architect Pavel Janák and it served as an exhibition hall. It became a National Cultural Monument in 1962. Since then, the building has provided space for exhibitions of fine and applied arts. | founded by | 34,021 | 102,444 |
[
"Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)",
"founded by",
"Ibn Saud"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)<\e1> and <e2>Ibn Saud<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,447 |
[
"Prince of Canino and Musignano",
"founded by",
"Lucien Bonaparte"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Prince of Canino and Musignano<\e1> and <e2>Lucien Bonaparte<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,454 |
[
"Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)",
"founded by",
"Ibn Saud"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)<\e1> and <e2>Ibn Saud<\e2>.
The Ministry of Interior (MoI; Arabic: وزارة الداخلية) is one of the governmental bodies of Saudi Arabia responsible for national security, naturalization, immigration, and customs in Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1926 by King Abdulaziz, but the organization was reformed in 1951 when the combined ministerial body covering financial and interior affairs were separated. The current minister of interior is Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud, who has been in office since 21 June 2017.History
The Ministry of Interior was created in 1926 by King Abdulaziz as a solution to the end of political unrest, tribal conflicts, and statelessness caused by the absence of a powerful central government. The goal of the organization is to serve the citizens and residents of Saudi Arabia, achieving security, stability, and tranquility. | founded by | 34,024 | 102,457 |
[
"General Staff Presidency",
"founded by",
"Ibn Saud"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>General Staff Presidency<\e1> and <e2>Ibn Saud<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,458 |
[
"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)",
"founded by",
"Ibn Saud"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)<\e1> and <e2>Ibn Saud<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,462 |
[
"Gallipoli Star",
"founded by",
"Mehmed V"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gallipoli Star<\e1> and <e2>Mehmed V<\e2>.
The Gallipolli Star is a military decoration awarded by the Ottoman Empire. It was known as the Ottoman War Medal (Turkish: Harp Madalyası) or the Iron Crescent (from German Eiserner Halbmond, in allusion to the Iron Cross). It was instituted by Sultan Mehmed V on 1 March 1915 for gallantry in battle. This decoration was awarded for the duration of World War I to Ottoman and other Central Powers troops, primarily in Ottoman areas of engagement.Design and composition
The award includes a badge, ribbon and campaign bar.
The medal, made of nickel-plated brass, has a vaulted star-shaped badge, 56 mm across the diagonal span of the arms. The tips of the star are capped by ball finials and enclosed in a raised silver edge with the field in red lacquer or enamel. A raised crescent, open at the top, encircles the center of the badge. Inside the crescent is the Tughra or cipher of the decoration's creator, Sultan Mehmed V Reşâd, over the date 1333 AH (AD 1915). The reverse is flat, unadorned and has a straight pin.
Along with the badge came a ribbon with red and white stripes. The dimensions of the ribbon for combatants are: red 2.5 mm; white, 5 mm.; red, 29 mm.; white, 5 mm.; red 2.5 mm. For non-combatant awardees, the colors are reversed.
The campaign bar is a right-pointing parabola of white at 56mm in length and 7mm in height. In the field is red Arabic script denoting the specific campaign: | founded by | 34,026 | 102,464 |
[
"Royal Saudi Air Force",
"founded by",
"Ibn Saud"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Saudi Air Force<\e1> and <e2>Ibn Saud<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,469 |
[
"Shugendō",
"founded by",
"En no Gyōja"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Shugendō<\e1> and <e2>En no Gyōja<\e2>.
History
Shugendō evolved during the seventh century from an amalgamation of beliefs, philosophies, doctrines and ritual systems drawn from local folk-religious practices, Shinto mountain worship and Buddhism. The seventh-century ascetic and mystic En no Gyōja is widely considered as the patriarch of Shugendō, having first organized Shugendō as a doctrine. Shugendō literally means "the path of training and testing" or "the way to spiritual power through discipline." Shugendō practitioners are also said to be descendants of the Kōya Hijiri monks of the eighth and ninth centuries.From the ninth century, elements of Vajrayana Buddhism such as Shingon and Tendai Buddhism were taken into Shugendō and it developed further. In the Heian period, it became very popular among the nobles living in Kyoto to visit Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano Hongū Taisha, Kumano Hayatama Taisha and Kumano Nachi Taisha), which was the common holy place of Shugendō, Shinto and Buddhism.The Meiji government, which erected a barrier between Shinto and Buddhism, ruled that Shugendō was unacceptable because of its amalgamation of the two religions, and officially forbade it in 1872. With the advent of religious freedom in Japan after World War II, Shugendō was revived.In 1907, Yoshitaro Shibasaki and his team successfully climbed Mount Tsurugi, which was regarded as the last unclimbed mountain in Japan. However, they found a metal cane decoration and a sword on the top of the mountain, and it turned out that someone had reached the top before them. A later scientific investigation revealed that the metal cane decoration and sword dated from the late Nara period to the early Heian period and that shugenja had climbed Mount Tsurugi more than 1,000 years ago.The Ōmine mountain range, which stretches 100 km from north to south and connects Yoshino and Kumano, was historically the biggest practice place of Shugendō. The highest peak of the Ōmine mountain range is Mount Hakkyō at an altitude of 1915 m, and there are 75 places for ascetic practices along the mountain trail, and Ōminesan-ji Temple at the top of Mount Ōmine at an altitude of 1719 m is considered to be the highest sacred site of Shugendō. At present, the Ōmine mountain range is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range" and Yoshino-Kumano National Park.In modern times, Shugendō is practiced mainly through Tendai and Shingon temples. Some temples include Kimpusen-ji in Yoshino (Tendai), Ideha Shrine in the Three Mountains of Dewa and Daigo-ji in Kyoto (Shingon). | founded by | 34,028 | 102,481 |
[
"SpaceX Starbase",
"founded by",
"SpaceX"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>SpaceX Starbase<\e1> and <e2>SpaceX<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,483 |
[
"SpaceX Starbase",
"owned by",
"SpaceX"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>SpaceX Starbase<\e1> and <e2>SpaceX<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,484 |
[
"Way of the Five Pecks of Rice",
"founded by",
"Zhang Daoling"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Way of the Five Pecks of Rice<\e1> and <e2>Zhang Daoling<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,485 |
[
"Reading Light",
"founded by",
"Mandatory Palestine"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Reading Light<\e1> and <e2>Mandatory Palestine<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,486 |
[
"Kelmscott Press",
"founded by",
"William Morris"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kelmscott Press<\e1> and <e2>William Morris<\e2>.
Background
Before Morris founded the Kelmscott Press, he had a strong interest in book design. Morris and Burne-Johes both admired illuminated manuscripts, and visited the Bodleian Library often to admire them. They also admired the works of Chaucer and Dürer. Morris carefully studied the techniques of the illuminators and the woodblock carvers in hopes of reviving that type of craftsmanship. Morris had some experience in contributing to and designing books before he founded the Kelmscott Press. He designed and illuminated books by hand, starting in 1870 with an anthology of his own poetry, A Book of Verse. He designed as well as wrote The House of Wolfings (1889) and The Roots of the Mountains (1890); he also designed The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue (1891). He had plans to make a richly illustrated version of his epic poem, The Earthly Paradise. He abandoned the project, but surviving trial pages show that the typefaces and illustrations are "incompatible".Morris was not merely trying to replicate 15th-century printing practices. He preferred the iron hand-press of the 19th century to the medieval wooden ones, because the weaker wooden presses had to print on wet paper to get a print from a woodblock. Printing on wet paper weakened the press and subsequently, the book itself. Conveniently, iron hand-presses were still readily available in the 1890s. While modern rotary presses focused on speed and affordability, Morris did not. Some book dealers and designers disliked the newly popular, poorly-produced books. Talbot Baines Reed, in an 1890 lecture on typography at the Society of Arts, complained that new typefaces were thin, harsh, and lacking dignity compared to old-face typefaces like Caslon and those of Nicholas Jenson. Morris expressed similar opinions. | founded by | 34,029 | 102,487 |
[
"European Court of Human Rights",
"founded by",
"European Convention on Human Rights"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Court of Human Rights<\e1> and <e2>European Convention on Human Rights<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,489 |
[
"OpenWSN",
"founded by",
"University of California, Berkeley"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>OpenWSN<\e1> and <e2>University of California, Berkeley<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,492 |
[
"OpenWSN",
"founded by",
"Open University of Catalonia"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>OpenWSN<\e1> and <e2>Open University of Catalonia<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,493 |
[
"LDS (automobile)",
"founded by",
"Doug Serrurier"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>LDS (automobile)<\e1> and <e2>Doug Serrurier<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,494 |
[
"Goldman Sachs",
"founded by",
"Marcus Goldman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Goldman Sachs<\e1> and <e2>Marcus Goldman<\e2>.
History
Founding and establishment
Goldman Sachs was founded in New York City in 1869 by Marcus Goldman. In 1882, Goldman's son-in-law Samuel Sachs joined the firm. In 1885, Goldman took his son Henry and his son-in-law Ludwig Dreyfuss into the business and the firm adopted its present name, Goldman Sachs & Co. The company pioneered the use of commercial paper for entrepreneurs and joined the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1896. By 1898, the firm's capital stood at $1.6 million.Goldman entered the initial public offering market in 1906 when it took Sears, Roebuck and Company public. The deal was facilitated by Henry Goldman's personal friendship with Julius Rosenwald, an owner of Sears. Other IPOs followed, including F. W. Woolworth and Continental Can. In 1912, Henry S. Bowers became the first non-member of the founding family to become a partner of the company and share in its profits.In 1917, under growing pressure from the other partners in the firm due to his pro-German stance, Henry Goldman resigned. The Sachs family gained full control of the firm until Waddill Catchings joined the company in 1918. By 1928, Catchings was the Goldman partner with the single largest stake in the firm.On December 4, 1928, the firm launched the Goldman Sachs Trading Corp, a closed-end fund. The fund failed during the Stock Market Crash of 1929, amid accusations that Goldman had engaged in share price manipulation and insider trading. | founded by | 34,032 | 102,496 |
[
"Goldman Sachs",
"founded by",
"Samuel Sachs"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Goldman Sachs<\e1> and <e2>Samuel Sachs<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,497 |
[
"Ballets Russes",
"founded by",
"Sergei Diaghilev"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ballets Russes<\e1> and <e2>Sergei Diaghilev<\e2>.
Debut
In 1909, Diaghilev presented his first Paris "Saison Russe" devoted exclusively to ballet (although the company did not use the name "Ballets Russes" until the following year). Most of this original company were resident performers at the Imperial Ballet of Saint Petersburg, hired by Diaghilev to perform in Paris during the Imperial Ballet's summer holidays. The first season's repertory featured a variety of works chiefly choreographed by Michel Fokine, including Le Pavillon d'Armide, the Polovtsian Dances (from Prince Igor), Les Sylphides, and Cléopâtre. The season also included Le Festin, a pastiche set by several choreographers (including Fokine) to music by several Russian composers. | founded by | 34,033 | 102,505 |
[
"Ballets Russes",
"founded by",
"Léon Bakst"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ballets Russes<\e1> and <e2>Léon Bakst<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,506 |
[
"Ballets Russes",
"founded by",
"Alexandre Benois"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ballets Russes<\e1> and <e2>Alexandre Benois<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,507 |
[
"Bukovina",
"founded by",
"Habsburg monarchy"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bukovina<\e1> and <e2>Habsburg monarchy<\e2>.
Name
The name first appears in a document issued by the Voivode of Moldavia Roman I Mușat on 30 March 1392, by which he gives to Ionaș Viteazul three villages, located near the Siret river.The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg monarchy, which became the Austrian Empire in 1804, and Austria-Hungary in 1867.
The official German name of the province under Austrian rule (1775–1918), die Bukowina, was derived from the Polish form Bukowina, which in turn was derived from the common Slavic form of buk, meaning beech tree (compare Ukrainian бук [buk]; German Buche; Hungarian bükkfa). Another German name for the region, das Buchenland, is mostly used in poetry, and means 'beech land', or 'the land of beech trees'. In Romanian, in literary or poetic contexts, the name Țara Fagilor ('the land of beech trees') is sometimes used. In some languages a definite article, sometimes optional, is used before the name: the Bukovina, increasingly an archaism in English, which, however, is found in older literature.
In Ukraine, the name Буковина (Bukovyna) is unofficial, but is common when referring to the Chernivtsi Oblast, as over two thirds of the oblast is the northern part of Bukovina. In Romania, the term Northern Bukovina is sometimes synonymous with the entire Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, while Southern Bukovina refers to the Suceava County of Romania (although 30% of the present-day Suceava County covers territory outside of the historical Bukovina). | founded by | 34,034 | 102,509 |
[
"Speyer Cathedral",
"founded by",
"Conrad II"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Speyer Cathedral<\e1> and <e2>Conrad II<\e2>.
Speyer Cathedral, officially the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen, in Latin: Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae (German: Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer) in Speyer, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Speyer and is suffragan to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg. The cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Mary, patron saint of Speyer ("Patrona Spirensis") and St. Stephen is generally known as the Kaiserdom zu Speyer (Imperial Cathedral of Speyer). Pope Pius XI raised Speyer Cathedral to the rank of a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in 1925.
Begun in 1030 under Conrad II, with the east end and high vault of 1090–1103, the imposing triple-aisled vaulted basilica of red sandstone is the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries". As the burial site for Salian, Staufer and Habsburg emperors and kings the cathedral is regarded as a symbol of imperial power. With the Abbey of Cluny in ruins, it remains the largest Romanesque church. It is considered to be "a turning point in European architecture",
one of the most important architectural monuments of its time and one of the finest Romanesque monuments.In 1981, the cathedral was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List of culturally important sites as "a major monument of Romanesque art in the German Empire". | founded by | 34,035 | 102,511 |
[
"Bank for International Settlements",
"founded by",
"Hjalmar Schacht"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bank for International Settlements<\e1> and <e2>Hjalmar Schacht<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,512 |
[
"Bank for International Settlements",
"founded by",
"Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bank for International Settlements<\e1> and <e2>Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman<\e2>.
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS, German: Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich, French: Banque des règlements internationaux, Italian: Banca dei regolamenti internazionali) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central banks.The BIS carries out its work through its meetings, programmes and through the Basel Process, hosting international groups pursuing global financial stability and facilitating their interaction. It also provides banking services, but only to central banks and other international organizations.
The BIS is based in Basel, Switzerland, with representative offices in Hong Kong and Mexico City. | founded by | 34,036 | 102,513 |
[
"Berlin State Library",
"founded by",
"Frederick William of Brandenburg"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Berlin State Library<\e1> and <e2>Frederick William of Brandenburg<\e2>.
Library of kings
In the early period, the fortunes of the State Library rose and fell on royal whims. In 1658 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg decreed that his private books be organized, cataloged and made available to the public. His library opened in 1661 at Cölln as the "Library of the Elector" (German: Churfürstliche Bibliothek zu Cölln an der Spree). In 1699, Frederick I more than doubled the collection, extended opening hours and introduced the first Prussian legal deposit law. In 1701 it was renamed the "Royal Library" (German: Königliche Bibliothek) upon Frederick I's accession as first King of Prussia. Frederick William I then cancelled the acquisition budget in 1722 and gave away the valuable scientific collection to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1735. Frederick the Great also cared little for the library at first, preferring instead his own literature in the French language. However, in 1770 he granted the library substantial assets and it made several important acquisitions. To avoid the problems caused by its dependence on the crown, Frederick the Great also granted the library considerable autonomy. | founded by | 34,037 | 102,515 |
[
"The Gentleman's Magazine",
"founded by",
"Edward Cave"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>The Gentleman's Magazine<\e1> and <e2>Edward Cave<\e2>.
The Gentleman's Magazine was a monthly magazine founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1922. It was the first to use the term magazine (from the French magazine, meaning "storehouse") for a periodical. Samuel Johnson's first regular employment as a writer was with The Gentleman's Magazine. | founded by | 34,038 | 102,519 |
[
"Weizmann House",
"founded by",
"Chaim Weizmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Weizmann House<\e1> and <e2>Chaim Weizmann<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,520 |
[
"Ministry of Finance (Spain)",
"founded by",
"Philip V of Spain"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of Finance (Spain)<\e1> and <e2>Philip V of Spain<\e2>.
Early period
In 1705 King Felipe V divided the unique Secretariat of the Universal Dispatch in two: one secretariat for War and Treasury and other for "everything else". In 30 November 1714, the Ministry was de facto created as Veeduría General (roughly in English: Inspectorate-General) and headed by the Universal Inspector of the Inspectorate-General (Spanish: Intendente Universal de la Veeduría General), the primitive denomination of the current position of Minister of Finance. This organization lasted a short time and disappeared in 1716. From that moment, the responsibilities of treasury merged with justice and Indies affairs.
In 1 December 1720, they treasury affairs were confirmed as a Secretariat of State. | founded by | 34,040 | 102,523 |
[
"Ōmine Okugakemichi",
"founded by",
"En no Gyōja"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ōmine Okugakemichi<\e1> and <e2>En no Gyōja<\e2>.
Overview
According to tradition, the Ōmine Okugakemichi was established as a training ground for Shugendō, a syncretic religion incorporating aspects of Taoism, Shinto, esoteric Buddhism and traditional Japanese shamanism. by the Asuka period mystic En no Gyōja. It connects Kimpusen-ji in Yoshino district, Nara Prefecture with the Kumano Sanzan in southern Wakayama Prefecture. The route is very rugged and isolated, with a number of demanding sections up to narrow paths on steep slopes and steep climbs on cliffs. Mount Ōmine in the route's name is a specific holy mountain, but originally, the term referred to all of the Yoshino Mountains along the route. Believers took either Kumano or Yoshino as a starting point, depending on their religious orientation. The latter direction has dominated since the Edo period.Along the route are 75 spiritual places called nabiki (靡) in caves, on rocks, at waterfalls, on mountain peaks, etc. are used for prayer or for spiritual exercises. For religious reasons, women have been forbidden to travel most of the route, and Mount Ōmine remains closed to women to this date. The path takes several days to complete, and is mostly wilderness with no settlements, and few possibilities to turn off the path once started.
During the Edo Period, Kishū Domain controlled most of the territory the path traversed, and often viewed Shugendō monks with suspicion. After the Meiji Restoration, Shugendō faced hostility from the Meiji government's separation of Buddhism and Shinto policies, and large portions of the path were lost or reverted to wilderness. In 1936, the area became part of the Yoshino-Kumano National Park, and from the 1980s, amateur historians and hiking groups have worked to restore the trail and to build mountain shelters for hikers and modern Shugendō followers attempting the trail. In 2002, the trail was designated as a National Historic Site, and it was included within the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2004. | founded by | 34,041 | 102,524 |
[
"Fornacalia",
"founded by",
"Numa Pompilius"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Fornacalia<\e1> and <e2>Numa Pompilius<\e2>.
History
The Fornacalia may have been established by Numa Pompillius. Ovid wrote that "the oven was made a goddess, Fornax: the farmers, pleased with her, prayed she’d regulate the grain’s heat." It was held in early February on various dates in different curiae, which in the period of the Roman monarchy and the Roman Republic were the thirty wards of the city of Rome. It was proclaimed every year by the curio maximus, who was a priest who was the head of the curiae. He announced the different part which each curia (sing. of curiae) had to take in the celebration of the festival; "[n]ow the Curio Maximus, in a set form of words, declares the shifting date of the Fornacalia, the Feast of Ovens, and round the Forum hang many tablets, on which every ward displays its own sign." | founded by | 34,042 | 102,526 |
[
"National Pacification Army",
"founded by",
"Zhang Zuolin"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>National Pacification Army<\e1> and <e2>Zhang Zuolin<\e2>.
The National Pacification Army (NPA), also known as the Anguojun or Ankuochun (Chinese: 安國軍), was a warlord coalition led by Fengtian clique General Zhang Zuolin, and was the military arm of the Beiyang government of the Republic of China during its existence.
The army was formed in November 1926 after the Fengtian victory in the Anti-Fengtian War, the NPA was tasked with countering the advance of the Kuomintang (KMT)-aligned National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of Chiang Kai-shek, who had launched the Northern Expedition in June 1926.: 3 In addition to its Fengtian Army core, the NPA also included Zhili clique generals, such as Sun Chuanfang.: 18 The NPA suffered a series of serious military defeats inflicted by Chiang and his warlord allies, including Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren and Yan Xishan. On the southern front, the NPA was pushed back from Jiangsu and Henan after fierce fighting against the Guominjun and the NRA. On the western front, they fought Shanxi forces under Yan Xishan. Following these setbacks, a conference of NPA leaders in June 1927 established a military government and proclaimed Zhang Zuolin as Generalissimo, whereupon all military and civilian power was placed in his hands.
Despite having achieved a few victories in mid-1927 in Jiangsu and extensive victories in Shanxi, the NPA could not defeat the Kuomintang forces and soon retreated north and east of Tianjin. Following Zhang Zuolin's assassination by the Japanese Kwantung Army in the Huanggutun Incident on 4 June 1928, he was succeeded by his son, Zhang Xueliang, who disbanded the National Pacification Army and swore allegiance to the Kuomintang government in Nanjing. | founded by | 34,043 | 102,527 |
[
"Aikikai",
"founded by",
"Morihei Ueshiba"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Aikikai<\e1> and <e2>Morihei Ueshiba<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,528 |
[
"ASMedia",
"founded by",
"ASUS"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ASMedia<\e1> and <e2>ASUS<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,529 |
[
"Tiraspol",
"founded by",
"Alexander Suvorov"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Tiraspol<\e1> and <e2>Alexander Suvorov<\e2>.
Tiraspol (Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол), occasionally also known in Romanian as Tirișpolea, is the de facto capital of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the third largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.
The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying ethnic groups. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October. | founded by | 34,044 | 102,530 |
[
"DBpedia",
"founded by",
"Leipzig University"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DBpedia<\e1> and <e2>Leipzig University<\e2>.
Background
The project was started by people at the Free University of Berlin and Leipzig University in collaboration with OpenLink Software, and is now maintained by people at the University of Mannheim and Leipzig University. The first publicly available dataset was published in 2007. The data is made available under free licences (CC BY-SA), allowing others to reuse the dataset; it doesn't however use an open data license to waive the sui generis database rights.Wikipedia articles consist mostly of free text, but also include structured information embedded in the articles, such as "infobox" tables (the pull-out panels that appear in the top right of the default view of many Wikipedia articles, or at the start of the mobile versions), categorization information, images, geo-coordinates and links to external Web pages. This structured information is extracted and put in a uniform dataset which can be queried. | founded by | 34,045 | 102,532 |
[
"DBpedia",
"owned by",
"Leipzig University"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DBpedia<\e1> and <e2>Leipzig University<\e2>.
Background
The project was started by people at the Free University of Berlin and Leipzig University in collaboration with OpenLink Software, and is now maintained by people at the University of Mannheim and Leipzig University. The first publicly available dataset was published in 2007. The data is made available under free licences (CC BY-SA), allowing others to reuse the dataset; it doesn't however use an open data license to waive the sui generis database rights.Wikipedia articles consist mostly of free text, but also include structured information embedded in the articles, such as "infobox" tables (the pull-out panels that appear in the top right of the default view of many Wikipedia articles, or at the start of the mobile versions), categorization information, images, geo-coordinates and links to external Web pages. This structured information is extracted and put in a uniform dataset which can be queried. | owned by | 34,045 | 102,533 |
[
"DBpedia",
"founded by",
"University of Mannheim"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DBpedia<\e1> and <e2>University of Mannheim<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,534 |
[
"DBpedia",
"owned by",
"University of Mannheim"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DBpedia<\e1> and <e2>University of Mannheim<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,535 |
[
"DBpedia",
"founded by",
"Hasso Plattner Institute"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DBpedia<\e1> and <e2>Hasso Plattner Institute<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,538 |
[
"Lamayuru Monastery",
"founded by",
"Naropa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Lamayuru Monastery<\e1> and <e2>Naropa<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,539 |
[
"Capetian House of Anjou",
"founded by",
"Charles I of Naples"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Capetian House of Anjou<\e1> and <e2>Charles I of Naples<\e2>.
Cadet branches
Hungary
During the Middle Ages, there were several marriages between the Árpád dynasty and the House of Capet. Charles I, founder of the House of Anjou-Sicily, with his first wife, Beatrice of Provence fathered his eldest son, Charles II of Naples. (Their youngest daughter, Elizabeth was given in marriage to the future Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1269, but Ladislaus preferred his mistresses to her, and the marriage remained childless). In 1270, Charles II married Mary of Hungary, daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Cuman. They had fourteen children which provided the House of Anjou-Sicily with a secure position in Naples.
The childless Ladislaus IV of Hungary (1262–1290), was succeeded by Andrew III as King of Hungary. He was the son of Stephen the Posthumous, considered by Stephen's much older half-brothers (Béla IV of Hungary, Coloman of Halych, Andrew II of Halych) a bastard son of infidelity. For this reason, after the death of Ladislaus IV. some of the Árpád dynasty's cognates sought the family as extinct. In Naples, Charles Martel of Anjou, the eldest son of Mary of Hungary announced his claim to the Hungarian crown, backed by his mother, and the Pope. He started to style himself King of Hungary, but he never managed to gain enough support from the Hungarian magnates to realize his claim.
With Andrew III's childless death (1301), the "last golden branch" of the tree of King Saint Stephen's family ended. The Hungarian diet was determined to keep the blood of Saint Stephen (first king of Hungary) on the throne in the maternal line at least. In the upcoming years, a civil war followed between various claimants to the throne. After the short period of rule of Wenceslaus of Bohemia (1301–1305), and Otto of Bavaria (1305–1307) the civil war ended with Charles Robert's (1308–1342) victory, the son of Charles Martel of Anjou, but he was forced to continue fighting against the powerful Hungarian lords up to the early 1320s.
I. Charles I of Anjou 1226/7–1285 king of Sicily(-Naples) = Beatrice of Provence | founded by | 34,046 | 102,540 |
[
"European Jewish Parliament",
"founded by",
"Vadim Rabinovich"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Jewish Parliament<\e1> and <e2>Vadim Rabinovich<\e2>.
The European Jewish Parliament or EJP (formerly known as European Jewish Union or EJU) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Brussels whose stated aim is to be "a uniting structure for all Jewish communities and organizations throughout Western, Eastern and Central Europe as well as establish a permanent relationship with the European Parliament as well as national parliaments."The EJU-backed EJP is the brainchild of Ukrainian billionaire Vadim Rabinovich.European Jewish Union
The EJU group was founded in the Spring of 2011 by Ihor Kolomoyskyi, Vadim Rabinovich and Alexander Zanzer
The EJU hoped to establish a European Jewish Parliament, comprising 120 members modeled on the Israeli Knesset. This group would then represent the concerns of the Jewish community to the European Union.
The European Jewish Parliament was inaugurated on February, 16th 2012.The first EJP annual general assembly was held in Brussels on May 15 and 16 2012. | founded by | 34,047 | 102,544 |
[
"National Archives of Sweden",
"founded by",
"Axel Oxenstierna"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>National Archives of Sweden<\e1> and <e2>Axel Oxenstierna<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,546 |
[
"Anti-Corruption Foundation",
"founded by",
"Alexei Navalny"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Anti-Corruption Foundation<\e1> and <e2>Alexei Navalny<\e2>.
The Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF or FBK; Russian: Фонд борьбы с коррупцией (ФБК), romanized: Fond borby s korruptsiyey (FBK), lit. 'Foundation for combating corruption') is a non-profit organization established in 2011 by Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny. The FBK published investigations into alleged corruption by high-ranking Russian government officials. The organisation was funded by private donations.On 9 October 2019, the FBK was declared a "foreign agent" by the Ministry of Justice. On 9 June 2021, the FBK was designated as an extremist organization and liquidated by the Moscow City Court. On 11 July 2022, while imprisoned, Navalny announced the relaunch of the FBK as an international organization. | founded by | 34,049 | 102,548 |
[
"Cassa per il Mezzogiorno",
"founded by",
"Alcide De Gasperi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Cassa per il Mezzogiorno<\e1> and <e2>Alcide De Gasperi<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,550 |
[
"Later Jin (1616–1636)",
"founded by",
"Nurhaci"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Later Jin (1616–1636)<\e1> and <e2>Nurhaci<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,553 |
[
"Mojang Studios",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mojang Studios<\e1> and <e2>Microsoft<\e2>.
Mojang Studios is a Swedish video game developer based in Stockholm. The studio is best known for developing the sandbox and survival game Minecraft, the best-selling video game of all time.
Mojang Studios was founded by the independent video game designer Markus Persson in 2009 as Mojang Specifications for Minecraft's development. The studio inherited its name from another video game venture Persson had left two years prior. Following the game's initial release, Persson, in conjunction with Jakob Porsér, incorporated the business as Mojang AB in late 2010, and they hired Carl Manneh as the company's chief executive officer. Other early hires included Daniel Kaplan and Jens Bergensten. Minecraft became highly successful, giving Mojang sustained growth. With a desire to move on from the game, Persson offered to sell his share in Mojang, and the company was acquired by Microsoft in November 2014. Persson, Porsér, and Manneh subsequently left Mojang, with Jonas Mårtensson replacing Manneh as CEO. In May 2020, Mojang was rebranded as Mojang Studios.
As of 2021, the company employs approximately 600 people. Helen Chiang is the studio head. Apart from Minecraft, Mojang Studios has developed Caller's Bane, Crown and Council, and further games in the Minecraft franchise: Minecraft Dungeons, Minecraft Legends, and the cancelled Minecraft Earth. It also released smaller games as part of game jams organised by Humble Bundle and published the externally developed Cobalt and Cobalt WASD. | owned by | 34,050 | 102,554 |
[
"Mojang Studios",
"founded by",
"Markus Persson"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mojang Studios<\e1> and <e2>Markus Persson<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,555 |
[
"Valletta",
"founded by",
"Jean Parisot de la Valette"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Valletta<\e1> and <e2>Jean Parisot de la Valette<\e2>.
Valletta (, Maltese: il-Belt Valletta, Maltese pronunciation: [vɐˈlːɛtːɐ]) is an administrative unit and the capital of Malta. Located on the main island, between Marsamxett Harbour to the west and the Grand Harbour to the east, its population within administrative limits in 2014 was 6,444. According to the data from 2020 by Eurostat, the Functional Urban Area and metropolitan region covered the whole island and has a population of 480,134. Valletta is the southernmost capital of Europe, and at just 0.61 square kilometres (0.24 sq mi), it is the European Union's smallest capital city.Valletta's 16th-century buildings were constructed by the Knights Hospitaller. The city was named after Jean Parisot de Valette, who succeeded in defending the island from an Ottoman invasion during the Great Siege of Malta. The city is Baroque in character, with elements of Mannerist, Neo-Classical and Modern architecture, though the Second World War left major scars on the city, particularly the destruction of the Royal Opera House. The city was officially recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980. The city has 320 monuments, all within an area of 0.55 square kilometres (0.21 sq mi), making it one of the most concentrated historic areas in the world. Sometimes called an "open-air museum", Valletta was chosen as the European Capital of Culture in 2018. Valletta is also the sunniest city in Europe.The city is noted for its fortifications, consisting of bastions, curtains and cavaliers, along with the beauty of its Baroque palaces, gardens and churches. | founded by | 34,051 | 102,558 |
[
"Hasegawa Machiko Art Museum",
"founded by",
"Machiko Hasegawa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hasegawa Machiko Art Museum<\e1> and <e2>Machiko Hasegawa<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,561 |
[
"Hasegawa Machiko Art Museum",
"founded by",
"Mariko Hasegawa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hasegawa Machiko Art Museum<\e1> and <e2>Mariko Hasegawa<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,562 |
[
"Parsons School of Design",
"founded by",
"William Merritt Chase"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Parsons School of Design<\e1> and <e2>William Merritt Chase<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,564 |
[
"Independent Order of Odd Fellows",
"founded by",
"Thomas Wildey"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Independent Order of Odd Fellows<\e1> and <e2>Thomas Wildey<\e2>.
History
Precursor
Odd Fellows lodges were first documented in 1730 in England from which many organizations emerged.
While several unofficial Odd Fellows lodges had existed in New York City sometime in the period 1806 to 1818, the American Odd Fellows is regarded as being founded with Washington Lodge No 1 in Baltimore at the Seven Stars Tavern on April 26, 1819, by Thomas Wildey along with some associates who assembled in response to a newspaper advertisement. The following year, the lodge affiliated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity was granted the authority to institute new lodges. Wildey had joined the Grand United Order of Oddfellows in 1804, then joined its splinter order, Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity, before immigrating to the United States in 1817. | founded by | 34,052 | 102,565 |
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