triplets
list | passage
stringlengths 56
13.5k
| label_str
stringlengths 5
48
| passage_id
float64 58
38.4k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
529k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Minamoto clan",
"founded by",
"Emperor of Japan"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Minamoto clan<\e1> and <e2>Emperor of Japan<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,568 |
[
"British and Foreign Bible Society",
"founded by",
"William Wilberforce"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>British and Foreign Bible Society<\e1> and <e2>William Wilberforce<\e2>.
The British and Foreign Bible Society, often known in England and Wales as simply the Bible Society, is a non-denominational Christian Bible society with charity status whose purpose is to make the Bible available throughout the world.The Society was formed on 7 March 1804 by a group of people including William Wilberforce and Thomas Charles to encourage the "wider circulation and use" of the Scriptures. | founded by | 34,054 | 102,570 |
[
"Gondor",
"founded by",
"Isildur"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gondor<\e1> and <e2>Isildur<\e2>.
Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age. The third volume of The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, is largely concerned with the events in Gondor during the War of the Ring and with the restoration of the realm afterward. The history of the kingdom is outlined in the appendices of the book.
Gondor was founded by the brothers Isildur and Anárion, exiles from the downfallen island kingdom of Númenor. Along with Arnor in the north, Gondor, the South-kingdom, served as a last stronghold of the Men of the West. After an early period of growth, Gondor gradually declined as the Third Age progressed, being continually weakened by internal strife and conflict with the allies of the Dark Lord Sauron. By the time of the War of the Ring, the throne of Gondor is empty, though its principalities and fiefdoms still pay deference to the absent king by showing their loyalty to the Stewards of Gondor. The kingdom's ascendancy was restored only with Sauron's final defeat and the crowning of Aragorn as king.
Based upon early conceptions, the history and geography of Gondor were developed in stages as Tolkien extended his legendarium while writing The Lord of the Rings. Critics have noted the contrast between the cultured but lifeless Stewards of Gondor, and the simple but vigorous leaders of the Kingdom of Rohan, modelled on Tolkien's favoured Anglo-Saxons. Scholars have noted parallels between Gondor and the Normans, Ancient Rome, the Vikings, the Goths, the Langobards, and the Byzantine Empire.Númenórean kingdom
The shorelands of Gondor were widely colonized by the Númenóreans from the middle of the Second Age, especially by Elf-friends loyal to Elendil. His sons Isildur and Anárion landed in Gondor after the drowning of Númenor, and co-founded the Kingdom of Gondor. Isildur brought with him a seedling of Nimloth (Sindarin: nim, "white" and loth, "blossom") the Fair, the white tree from Númenor. This tree and its descendants came to be called the White Tree of Gondor, and appears on the kingdom's coat of arms. Elendil, who founded the Kingdom of Arnor to the north, was held to be the High King of all the lands of the Dúnedain. Isildur established the city of Minas Ithil (Sindarin: "Tower of the Moon") while Anárion established the city of Minas Anor (Sindarin: "Tower of the Sun").Sauron survived the destruction of Númenor and secretly returned to his realm of Mordor, soon launching a war against the Númenórean kingdoms. He captured Minas Ithil, but Isildur escaped by ship to Arnor; meanwhile, Anárion was able to defend Osgiliath. Elendil and the Elven-king Gil-galad formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, and together with Isildur and Anárion, they besieged and defeated Mordor. Sauron was overthrown; but the One Ring that Isildur took from him was not destroyed, and thus Sauron continued to exist.Both Elendil and Anárion were killed in the war, so Isildur conferred rule of Gondor upon Anárion's son Meneldil, retaining suzerainty over Gondor as High King of the Dúnedain. Isildur and his three elder sons were ambushed and killed by Orcs in the Gladden Fields. Isildur's remaining son Valandil did not attempt to claim his father's place as Gondor's monarch; the kingdom was ruled solely by Meneldil and his descendants until their line died out. | founded by | 34,055 | 102,572 |
[
"Gondor",
"founded by",
"Anárion"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gondor<\e1> and <e2>Anárion<\e2>.
Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age. The third volume of The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, is largely concerned with the events in Gondor during the War of the Ring and with the restoration of the realm afterward. The history of the kingdom is outlined in the appendices of the book.
Gondor was founded by the brothers Isildur and Anárion, exiles from the downfallen island kingdom of Númenor. Along with Arnor in the north, Gondor, the South-kingdom, served as a last stronghold of the Men of the West. After an early period of growth, Gondor gradually declined as the Third Age progressed, being continually weakened by internal strife and conflict with the allies of the Dark Lord Sauron. By the time of the War of the Ring, the throne of Gondor is empty, though its principalities and fiefdoms still pay deference to the absent king by showing their loyalty to the Stewards of Gondor. The kingdom's ascendancy was restored only with Sauron's final defeat and the crowning of Aragorn as king.
Based upon early conceptions, the history and geography of Gondor were developed in stages as Tolkien extended his legendarium while writing The Lord of the Rings. Critics have noted the contrast between the cultured but lifeless Stewards of Gondor, and the simple but vigorous leaders of the Kingdom of Rohan, modelled on Tolkien's favoured Anglo-Saxons. Scholars have noted parallels between Gondor and the Normans, Ancient Rome, the Vikings, the Goths, the Langobards, and the Byzantine Empire.Númenórean kingdom
The shorelands of Gondor were widely colonized by the Númenóreans from the middle of the Second Age, especially by Elf-friends loyal to Elendil. His sons Isildur and Anárion landed in Gondor after the drowning of Númenor, and co-founded the Kingdom of Gondor. Isildur brought with him a seedling of Nimloth (Sindarin: nim, "white" and loth, "blossom") the Fair, the white tree from Númenor. This tree and its descendants came to be called the White Tree of Gondor, and appears on the kingdom's coat of arms. Elendil, who founded the Kingdom of Arnor to the north, was held to be the High King of all the lands of the Dúnedain. Isildur established the city of Minas Ithil (Sindarin: "Tower of the Moon") while Anárion established the city of Minas Anor (Sindarin: "Tower of the Sun").Sauron survived the destruction of Númenor and secretly returned to his realm of Mordor, soon launching a war against the Númenórean kingdoms. He captured Minas Ithil, but Isildur escaped by ship to Arnor; meanwhile, Anárion was able to defend Osgiliath. Elendil and the Elven-king Gil-galad formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, and together with Isildur and Anárion, they besieged and defeated Mordor. Sauron was overthrown; but the One Ring that Isildur took from him was not destroyed, and thus Sauron continued to exist.Both Elendil and Anárion were killed in the war, so Isildur conferred rule of Gondor upon Anárion's son Meneldil, retaining suzerainty over Gondor as High King of the Dúnedain. Isildur and his three elder sons were ambushed and killed by Orcs in the Gladden Fields. Isildur's remaining son Valandil did not attempt to claim his father's place as Gondor's monarch; the kingdom was ruled solely by Meneldil and his descendants until their line died out. | founded by | 34,055 | 102,575 |
[
"Norwegian Research Centre",
"founded by",
"University of Bergen"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Norwegian Research Centre<\e1> and <e2>University of Bergen<\e2>.
The Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE) is a Norwegian government-owned research institute that is majority-owned by the University of Bergen. It is one of the largest research organisations of Norway.NORCE was founded in 2017 through the merger of several university-owned research institutes and has around 900 employees. At the time of establishment the institute was fully owned by three state universities, the University of Bergen, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder. A few other shareholders, notably including the University of Tromsø, have joined the consortium. According to the Brønnøysund Register Centre NORCE is a government-owned limited company (Norwegian: statlig eide aksjeselskaper). NORCE includes research institutes that were part of the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen, the University of Tromsø, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder.
NORCE conducts both basic and applied research and is active in the fields of energy research, technological research, especially maritime technology, climate science, natural resources and environmental research, health research, and the social sciences. The company operates in Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Tromsø, Kristiansand, Grimstad, Alta, Bardu and Svalbard. | founded by | 34,056 | 102,578 |
[
"Norwegian Research Centre",
"founded by",
"University of Stavanger"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Norwegian Research Centre<\e1> and <e2>University of Stavanger<\e2>.
The Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE) is a Norwegian government-owned research institute that is majority-owned by the University of Bergen. It is one of the largest research organisations of Norway.NORCE was founded in 2017 through the merger of several university-owned research institutes and has around 900 employees. At the time of establishment the institute was fully owned by three state universities, the University of Bergen, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder. A few other shareholders, notably including the University of Tromsø, have joined the consortium. According to the Brønnøysund Register Centre NORCE is a government-owned limited company (Norwegian: statlig eide aksjeselskaper). NORCE includes research institutes that were part of the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen, the University of Tromsø, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder.
NORCE conducts both basic and applied research and is active in the fields of energy research, technological research, especially maritime technology, climate science, natural resources and environmental research, health research, and the social sciences. The company operates in Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Tromsø, Kristiansand, Grimstad, Alta, Bardu and Svalbard. | founded by | 34,056 | 102,579 |
[
"Norwegian Research Centre",
"founded by",
"University of Agder"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Norwegian Research Centre<\e1> and <e2>University of Agder<\e2>.
The Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE) is a Norwegian government-owned research institute that is majority-owned by the University of Bergen. It is one of the largest research organisations of Norway.NORCE was founded in 2017 through the merger of several university-owned research institutes and has around 900 employees. At the time of establishment the institute was fully owned by three state universities, the University of Bergen, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder. A few other shareholders, notably including the University of Tromsø, have joined the consortium. According to the Brønnøysund Register Centre NORCE is a government-owned limited company (Norwegian: statlig eide aksjeselskaper). NORCE includes research institutes that were part of the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen, the University of Tromsø, the University of Stavanger and the University of Agder.
NORCE conducts both basic and applied research and is active in the fields of energy research, technological research, especially maritime technology, climate science, natural resources and environmental research, health research, and the social sciences. The company operates in Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Tromsø, Kristiansand, Grimstad, Alta, Bardu and Svalbard. | founded by | 34,056 | 102,581 |
[
"Zirid dynasty",
"founded by",
"Ziri ibn Manad"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Zirid dynasty<\e1> and <e2>Ziri ibn Manad<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,584 |
[
"Russian Liberation Army",
"founded by",
"Andrey Vlasov"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Russian Liberation Army<\e1> and <e2>Andrey Vlasov<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,585 |
[
"Annales school",
"founded by",
"Marc Bloch"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Annales school<\e1> and <e2>Marc Bloch<\e2>.
Origins
The Annales was founded and edited by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre in 1929, while they were teaching at the University of Strasbourg and later in Paris. These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique (many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes. Instead, they pioneered an approach to a study of long-term historical structures (la longue durée) over events and political transformations. Geography, material culture, and what later Annalistes called mentalités, or the psychology of the epoch, are also characteristic areas of study. The goal of the Annales was to undo the work of the Sorbonnistes, to turn French historians away from the narrowly political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and economic history.Co-founder Marc Bloch (1886–1944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845–1918) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks, French Rural History (Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française, 1931) and Feudal Society, were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by Fernand Braudel. | founded by | 34,058 | 102,590 |
[
"Annales school",
"founded by",
"Lucien Febvre"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Annales school<\e1> and <e2>Lucien Febvre<\e2>.
Origins
The Annales was founded and edited by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre in 1929, while they were teaching at the University of Strasbourg and later in Paris. These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique (many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes. Instead, they pioneered an approach to a study of long-term historical structures (la longue durée) over events and political transformations. Geography, material culture, and what later Annalistes called mentalités, or the psychology of the epoch, are also characteristic areas of study. The goal of the Annales was to undo the work of the Sorbonnistes, to turn French historians away from the narrowly political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and economic history.Co-founder Marc Bloch (1886–1944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845–1918) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks, French Rural History (Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française, 1931) and Feudal Society, were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by Fernand Braudel. | founded by | 34,058 | 102,591 |
[
"Military Cross",
"founded by",
"George V"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Military Cross<\e1> and <e2>George V<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,593 |
[
"Amnesty International",
"founded by",
"Peter Benenson"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Amnesty International<\e1> and <e2>Peter Benenson<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,598 |
[
"Caldas da Rainha",
"founded by",
"Eleanor of Viseu"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Caldas da Rainha<\e1> and <e2>Eleanor of Viseu<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,601 |
[
"Medina of Sfax",
"founded by",
"Aghlabids"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Medina of Sfax<\e1> and <e2>Aghlabids<\e2>.
The Sfax medina is the medina quarter of the Tunisian city of Sfax. It was built by Aghlabid prince Abu Abbass Muhammad between 849 and 851. The medina is home to about 113,000 residents, and is dominated by the Great Mosque of Sfax.
On 12 February 2012, the Tunisian government submitted a demand to add it on the UNESCO UNESCO World Heritage List. It is considered one of the rare medieval cities of North Africa to keep its original weft even with all the modifications of its buildings throughout the decades. It represents also the best example of the most conserved Arab-Muslim town planning in all the Mediterranean Basin.
Its monuments are classified as national historical monuments since 1912. | founded by | 34,059 | 102,602 |
[
"Fødselsstiftelsen",
"founded by",
"Frederick V of Denmark"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Fødselsstiftelsen<\e1> and <e2>Frederick V of Denmark<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,604 |
[
"Comdirect Bank",
"founded by",
"Commerzbank AG"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Comdirect Bank<\e1> and <e2>Commerzbank AG<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,605 |
[
"Comdirect Bank",
"owned by",
"Commerzbank AG"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Comdirect Bank<\e1> and <e2>Commerzbank AG<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,606 |
[
"Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum",
"founded by",
"Ernest Renan"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum<\e1> and <e2>Ernest Renan<\e2>.
Notes
References
1867 Initiation: Renan Ernest. Rapport fait à l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres par la commission spéciale chargée de l'examen du projet d'un Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 11e année, 1867. pp. 77–85:
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM SEMITICARUM CABINET Archived 2022-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
René DUSSAUD, La nouvelle Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1795-1914), 2 volumes I et II, Paris, P. Geuthner, 1946–1947, p. 289, 425, 745, 748 entre autres.
André DUPONT-SOMMER, « Renan et le Corpus des Inscriptions sémitiques », Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie, 1968/4, Paris, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, p. 3-14.
André CAQUOT, « L'épigraphie sémitique. Discours de clôture de l'Année épigraphique », Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie, 1988/3, Paris, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, p 10–15.
Jean LECLANT, « Une tradition : l'épigraphie à l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres », Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie, 1988/4, Paris, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, p. 3-21.
Françoise Briquel Chatonnet, Catherine Fauveaud-Brassaud. Ad majorem scientiae fructum. Le Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum dans les correspondances conservées à l'Institut de France. C. Bonnet et V. Krings. S'écrire et écrire sur l'Antiquité. L'apport des correspondances à l'histoire des travaux scientifiques, Jérôme Millon, pp. 215–228, 2008. hal-00334567 | founded by | 34,060 | 102,608 |
[
"The Mahdi Servants Union",
"founded by",
"Yasser Al-Habib"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>The Mahdi Servants Union<\e1> and <e2>Yasser Al-Habib<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,610 |
[
"Smart Voting",
"founded by",
"Alexei Navalny"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Smart Voting<\e1> and <e2>Alexei Navalny<\e2>.
Smart Voting (Russian: Умное голосование, tr. Umnoye golosovaniye) is a tactical voting strategy put forward by the team of Alexei Navalny with the aim of depriving the ruling United Russia party of votes in regional and federal elections. The goal of Smart Voting is to consolidate the votes of those who oppose the party which Navalny dubbed as the "party of crooks and thieves".History
On 28 November 2018, Alexei Navalny launched the Smart Voting project. Initially, the system was mainly aimed at depriving the nominees from the politically dominant United Russia party of their victory in the elections to the post of Governor of St. Petersburg and the Moscow City Duma on 8 September 2019. Navalny explained the strategy as follows (translated from Russian): "The parties themselves cannot agree and nominate a single candidate against United Russia. But we can agree on this. We are different, but we have one policy — we are against the monopoly of United Russia. Everything else is mathematics. If we all act smartly and vote for the strongest candidate, he will win, and United Russia will lose." | founded by | 34,061 | 102,611 |
[
"Navalny Headquarters",
"founded by",
"Alexei Navalny"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Navalny Headquarters<\e1> and <e2>Alexei Navalny<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,614 |
[
"Vibra Energia",
"founded by",
"Petrobras"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Vibra Energia<\e1> and <e2>Petrobras<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,615 |
[
"General American Investors Company",
"founded by",
"Lehman Brothers"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>General American Investors Company<\e1> and <e2>Lehman Brothers<\e2>.
History
The General American Investors investment trust was launched in 1927 under the sponsorship of Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers. In its first year of operation, it earned $1.1 million. In September 1928, Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers launched a second fund, named the Second General American Investors Company. In August 1928, the two funds merged, to form the current General American Investors Company, with Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers underwriting the $40 million deal.The early years of the Great Depression were difficult for the fund, but the fund recovered as the 1930s progressed. The fund had assets valued at $15 million in 1932; at $23.1 million in 1933; and $30.1 million in 1935. Assets dropped to $24.7 million in 1937; $30 million in 1939; then dropped to $25.5 million in 1943; dropping slightly to $25.3 million in 1945. | founded by | 34,062 | 102,616 |
[
"General American Investors Company",
"founded by",
"Lazard"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>General American Investors Company<\e1> and <e2>Lazard<\e2>.
History
The General American Investors investment trust was launched in 1927 under the sponsorship of Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers. In its first year of operation, it earned $1.1 million. In September 1928, Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers launched a second fund, named the Second General American Investors Company. In August 1928, the two funds merged, to form the current General American Investors Company, with Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers underwriting the $40 million deal.The early years of the Great Depression were difficult for the fund, but the fund recovered as the 1930s progressed. The fund had assets valued at $15 million in 1932; at $23.1 million in 1933; and $30.1 million in 1935. Assets dropped to $24.7 million in 1937; $30 million in 1939; then dropped to $25.5 million in 1943; dropping slightly to $25.3 million in 1945. | founded by | 34,062 | 102,617 |
[
"Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line",
"owned by",
"Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line<\e1> and <e2>Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,644 |
[
"Seoul Metro",
"owned by",
"Seoul Metropolitan Government"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Seoul Metro<\e1> and <e2>Seoul Metropolitan Government<\e2>.
Seoul Transportation Corporation, branded as Seoul Metro (Hangul: 서울교통공사), is a municipal-owned corporation owned by Seoul Metropolitan Government, and one of the two major operators of Seoul Metropolitan Subway with Korail. | owned by | 34,136 | 102,977 |
[
"Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun",
"founded by",
"Yung Wing"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun<\e1> and <e2>Yung Wing<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,979 |
[
"Stockholm Palace",
"owned by",
"National Property Board of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Stockholm Palace<\e1> and <e2>National Property Board of Sweden<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,001 |
[
"Barnstaple Castle",
"owned by",
"Juhel de Totnes"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Barnstaple Castle<\e1> and <e2>Juhel de Totnes<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,020 |
[
"MTU Friedrichshafen",
"founded by",
"Wilhelm Maybac"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>MTU Friedrichshafen<\e1> and <e2>Wilhelm Maybac<\e2>.
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I.
The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank.
MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'.
MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation.
Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings.
The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells. | founded by | 34,146 | 103,033 |
[
"MTU Friedrichshafen",
"owned by",
"Rolls-Royce"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>MTU Friedrichshafen<\e1> and <e2>Rolls-Royce<\e2>.
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I.
The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank.
MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'.
MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation.
Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings.
The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells.History
1909: Foundation of Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH in Bissingen an der Enz as part of the Zeppelin corporation. The company manufactures engines for airships.
1912: 1911/12 relocation to Friedrichshafen; the name is changed to Motorenbau GmbH.
1918: Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH. After the end of the First World War the company began to manufacture car engines.
1966: Merger of the two companies Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau Friedrichshafen GmbH and Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH to form Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH.
1969: Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Motoren und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH. The company is a subsidiary of MTU München GmbH which is owned at equal shares by Daimler-Benz AG and MAN AG until 1985.
1989: Incorporation of MTU Friedrichshafen in Deutsche Aero-space AG (DASA), a company of the Daimler-Benz Group.
1994: Cooperation of MTU Friedrichshafen with Detroit Diesel Corporation
1995: MTU Friedrichshafen and MTU München go their separate ways; MTU Friedrichshafen becomes a direct subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG.
2001: MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH is renamed MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH.
2005: In late 2005, the DaimlerChrysler Off-Highway business unit, including MTU Friedrichshafen and the Off-Highway division of Detroit Diesel Corporation, is sold to the Swedish financial investor EQT Partners.
2006: The business is transferred into the new holding company Tognum, with MTU Friedrichshafen as its core company.
2009: MTU Friedrichshafen celebrates its centenary. In the same year introduction of the new Series 1600, rounding off the performance range at the lower end of the product portfolio.
2011: Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG announced they were buying Tognum
2014: Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems
2014: From 26 August Rolls-Royce Power Systems became a 100 per cent subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings | owned by | 34,147 | 103,034 |
[
"Teutonic Order",
"founded by",
"Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Teutonic Order<\e1> and <e2>Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,071 |
[
"La Monnaie",
"owned by",
"Buildings Agency"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>La Monnaie<\e1> and <e2>Buildings Agency<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,188 |
[
"Radio France",
"owned by",
"France"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Radio France<\e1> and <e2>France<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,189 |
[
"Compact disc",
"owned by",
"Sony"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Compact disc<\e1> and <e2>Sony<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,260 |
[
"Alpine F1 Team",
"owned by",
"Renault"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Alpine F1 Team<\e1> and <e2>Renault<\e2>.
Alpine F1 Team, competing as BWT Alpine F1 Team, is a Formula One constructor which made its debut at the start of the 2021 Formula One World Championship. Formerly named Renault F1 Team and owned by the French automotive company Groupe Renault, the team was rebranded for 2021 to promote Renault's sports car brand, Alpine, and continues to serve as Renault's works team. The chassis and managerial side of the team is based in Enstone, Oxfordshire, England, and the engine side of the team is based in Viry-Châtillon, a suburb of Paris, France. The team competes with a French licence. | owned by | 34,185 | 103,267 |
[
"Institut national du service public",
"founded by",
"Emmanuel Macron"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Institut national du service public<\e1> and <e2>Emmanuel Macron<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,275 |
[
"Groove Music",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Groove Music<\e1> and <e2>Microsoft<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,359 |
[
"IBM",
"owned by",
"The Vanguard Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>IBM<\e1> and <e2>The Vanguard Group<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,375 |
[
"IBM",
"owned by",
"Berkshire Hathaway"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>IBM<\e1> and <e2>Berkshire Hathaway<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,378 |
[
"IBM",
"founded by",
"Thomas John Watson, Sr."
]
| Find the relation between <e1>IBM<\e1> and <e2>Thomas John Watson, Sr.<\e2>.
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York and is present in over 175 countries. It specializes in computer hardware, middleware, and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries, and has held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021.IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. For the next several decades, IBM would become an industry leader in several emerging technologies, including electric typewriters, electromechanical calculators, and personal computers. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform, and the company produced 80 percent of computers in the U.S. and 70 percent of computers worldwide.After pioneering the multipurpose microcomputer in the 1980s, which set the standard for personal computers, IBM began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors. Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from commodity production, most notably selling its personal computer division to the Lenovo Group in 2005. IBM has since concentrated on computer services, software, supercomputers, and scientific research. Since 2000, its supercomputers have consistently ranked among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents.As one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several technological innovations, including the automated teller machine (ATM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, and the UPC barcode. The company has made inroads in advanced computer chips, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and data infrastructure. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six Nobel Prizes and six Turing Awards.IBM is a publicly traded company and one of 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It is among the world's largest employers, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 49th largest overall, according to the 2022 Fortune 500. It is also consistently ranked among the world's most recognizable, valuable, and admired brands. | founded by | 34,206 | 103,379 |
[
"IBM",
"owned by",
"State Street Corporation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>IBM<\e1> and <e2>State Street Corporation<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,394 |
[
"IBM",
"founded by",
"Charles Ranlett Flint"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>IBM<\e1> and <e2>Charles Ranlett Flint<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,395 |
[
"DNV",
"owned by",
"Det Norske Veritas Foundation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DNV<\e1> and <e2>Det Norske Veritas Foundation<\e2>.
Summary
DNV's history dates from 1864, when Det Norske Veritas was established in Norway to head technical inspection and evaluation of Norwegian merchant vessels. Germanischer Lloyd was founded in Hamburg in 1867 by a group of 600 ship owners, ship builders and insurers. The company celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2014.On December 20, 2012, the two companies announced the merger, which was approved by competition authorities in South Korea, the US, the EU and China, thus allowing the merger contract between DNV and GL to be signed on September 12, 2013. The independent Det Norske Veritas Foundation owned 63.5% of DNV GL shares and Mayfair Vermögensverwaltung 36.5% until December 2017, when Mayfair sold its shares to the Det Norske Veritas Foundation. DNV GL changed it name to DNV on March 1, 2021.Together with Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping, DNV is one of the three major companies in the classification business with 300 offices in 100 countries. The company is also a key player in strategic innovation and risk management for several other industries including renewable energy (particularly in wind and solar), oil and gas, electric power generation and distribution, petrochemicals, aviation, automotives, finance, food and beverage, healthcare, software and information technology. | owned by | 34,218 | 103,456 |
[
"DNV",
"owned by",
"Det Norske Veritas"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>DNV<\e1> and <e2>Det Norske Veritas<\e2>.
Summary
DNV's history dates from 1864, when Det Norske Veritas was established in Norway to head technical inspection and evaluation of Norwegian merchant vessels. Germanischer Lloyd was founded in Hamburg in 1867 by a group of 600 ship owners, ship builders and insurers. The company celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2014.On December 20, 2012, the two companies announced the merger, which was approved by competition authorities in South Korea, the US, the EU and China, thus allowing the merger contract between DNV and GL to be signed on September 12, 2013. The independent Det Norske Veritas Foundation owned 63.5% of DNV GL shares and Mayfair Vermögensverwaltung 36.5% until December 2017, when Mayfair sold its shares to the Det Norske Veritas Foundation. DNV GL changed it name to DNV on March 1, 2021.Together with Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping, DNV is one of the three major companies in the classification business with 300 offices in 100 countries. The company is also a key player in strategic innovation and risk management for several other industries including renewable energy (particularly in wind and solar), oil and gas, electric power generation and distribution, petrochemicals, aviation, automotives, finance, food and beverage, healthcare, software and information technology. | owned by | 34,218 | 103,458 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"founded by",
"Unification council of the Eastern Orthodox churches of Ukraine"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Orthodox Church of Ukraine<\e1> and <e2>Unification council of the Eastern Orthodox churches of Ukraine<\e2>.
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU), also called Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.The church was established under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople by a unification council that convened in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. The Ecumenical Patriarch — Bartholomew I — granted a tomos of autocephaly (decree of ecclesial independence) to the Church on 5 January 2019. The unification council united two Ukrainian Orthodox major jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC). Two bishops formerly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) also joined. The unification council elected the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva — Epiphanius Dumenko — as its primate and as Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.
It was also agreed by the council that those "Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian provenance in the Orthodox diaspora" should be subject to the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (per (Article 4 of the Statute). This provision is also enshrined in the OCU's tomos of autocephaly. In March 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius said that the transfer of parishes of the dissolved Kyiv Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had already begun. The establishment of the OCU and its recognition by other autocephalic Orthodox Churches has been opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as by the Government of Russia. | founded by | 34,225 | 103,491 |
[
"HexChat",
"founded by",
"Berke Viktor"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>HexChat<\e1> and <e2>Berke Viktor<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,579 |
[
"Intesa Sanpaolo",
"founded by",
"Sanpaolo IMI"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Intesa Sanpaolo<\e1> and <e2>Sanpaolo IMI<\e2>.
Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. is an Italian international banking group. It is Italy's largest bank by total assets and the world's 27th largest. It was formed through the merger of Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI in 2007, but has a corporate identity stretching back to its first foundation as Istituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino in 1583.
In 2020, the bank served approximately 14.6 million customers in Italy and 7.2 million customers in Eastern and Central Europe, the Middle East and North Africa through several brands such as CIB Bank, VÚB Banka and Bank of Alexandria.By 2010 its assets had grown to US$877.66 billion, ranking 26th in Forbes Global 2000. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. | founded by | 34,251 | 103,640 |
[
"Intesa Sanpaolo",
"founded by",
"Banca Intesa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Intesa Sanpaolo<\e1> and <e2>Banca Intesa<\e2>.
Banca Commerciale Italiana
Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI) started in 1894 as a corporate loans lender operating in the commercial industry of Northern Italy. In 1994 Mediobanca purchased an interest in BCI (ironically BCI was one of the 3 banks that formed Mediobanca almost 50 years earlier). BCI tried to acquire Banco Ambrosiano Veneto the same year but was spurned by shareholders who wouldn't accept the US$1.13 billion offer. In 1999 Italy's largest bank Unicredit Group at the time, attempted a hostile takeover of BCI but failed due to Mediobanca's interest in the company (Mediobanca wanted to merge Banca di Roma with BCI). BCI merged with the former Banco Ambrosiano and Cariplo in 1998 to form a financial institution renamed Banca Intesa in 2003. | founded by | 34,252 | 103,642 |
[
"Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad",
"owned by",
"Genesee & Wyoming"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad<\e1> and <e2>Genesee & Wyoming<\e2>.
The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad (reporting mark BPRR) is a Class II railroad operating in New York and Pennsylvania.
The BPRR is owned by Genesee & Wyoming. Its main line runs between Buffalo, New York, and Eidenau, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh. Here, connections are made to the city center via the Allegheny Valley Railroad. The system runs largely on former Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) lines. The entire BPRR system is 728 miles (1,172 km).
Major commodities carried include paper, petroleum products, chemicals, coal, steel, and sand. | owned by | 34,256 | 103,658 |
[
"Kumamoto Castle",
"founded by",
"Katō Kiyomasa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kumamoto Castle<\e1> and <e2>Katō Kiyomasa<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,666 |
[
"Human Rights Watch",
"founded by",
"Robert L. Bernstein"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Human Rights Watch<\e1> and <e2>Robert L. Bernstein<\e2>.
History
Human Rights Watch was co-founded by Robert L. Bernstein, Jeri Laber, and Aryeh Neier as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the then-Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly "naming and shaming" abusive governments through media coverage and direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the region's democratic transformations in the late 1980s.Americas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.
Asia Watch (1985), Africa Watch (1988) and Middle East Watch (1989) were added to what was known as "The Watch Committees". In 1988, these committees united under one umbrella to form Human Rights Watch.On 8 March 2023, Bahrain canceled two HRW staff members' entry permit visas to attend the 146th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Assembly. The permits were issued on 30 January 2023. Holding a constant observer status with IPU, HRW authorities had a permanent access to attend the organization's assemblies. Bahrain held the IPU Meeting from 11-15 March 2023.Criticism
HRW has been criticized for perceived bias by the national governments it has investigated for human rights abuses, by NGO Monitor, and by HRW's founder and former chairman, Robert L. Bernstein. Bias allegations have included undue influence by U.S. government policy, and claims that HRW is biased against Israel (and focuses undue attention on the Arab–Israeli conflict). HRW has also been criticized for poor research methodology and lax fact-checking, and ignoring the human-rights abuses of less-open regimes. HRW has routinely publicly addressed, and often denies, criticism of its reporting and findings.In 2014, two Nobel Peace Laureates wrote a letter signed by 100 other human rights activists and scholars criticizing HRW for its revolving-door hiring practices with the U.S. government, its failure to denounce the U.S. practice of extrajudicial rendition, its endorsement of U.S. 2011 military intervention in Libya, and its silence during the 2004 Haitian coup d'état.In 2020, HRW's board of directors discovered that HRW accepted a $470,000 donation from Saudi real estate magnate Mohamed Bin Issa Al Jaber, owner of a company HRW "had previously identified as complicit in labor rights abuse", under the condition that the donation not be used to support LGBT advocacy in the Middle East and North Africa. After The Intercept reported the donation, it was returned, and HRW issued a statement that accepting it was "deeply regrettable".In August 2020, the Chinese government sanctioned HRW executive director Kenneth Roth—together with the heads of four other U.S.-based democracy and human rights organizations and six U.S. Republican lawmakers—for supporting the Hong Kong pro-democracy movement in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. The leaders of the five organizations saw the sanctioning, whose details were unspecified, as a tit-for-tat measure in response to the earlier U.S. sanctioning of 11 Hong Kong officials. The latter step had in turn been a reaction to the enactment of the Hong Kong National Security Law at the end of June. The New York Times reported in October 2021 that HRW left Hong Kong as a result of the Chinese sanctions, with the situation in Hong Kong henceforth to be monitored by HRW's China team. The decision to leave came amid a wider crackdown on civil society groups in Hong Kong.Academic Immanuel Ness writes that HRW rarely criticizes human rights abuses by the U.S. and its allies, and almost always reaches conclusions consistent with Western foreign policy positions. | founded by | 34,258 | 103,677 |
[
"Human Rights Watch",
"founded by",
"Aryeh Neier"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Human Rights Watch<\e1> and <e2>Aryeh Neier<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,678 |
[
"Human Rights Watch",
"founded by",
"Jeri Laber"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Human Rights Watch<\e1> and <e2>Jeri Laber<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,679 |
[
"Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit",
"owned by",
"Germany"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit<\e1> and <e2>Germany<\e2>.
The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (English: German Agency for International Cooperation GmbH), often simply shortened to GIZ, is the main German development agency. It is headquartered in Bonn and Eschborn and provides services in the field of international development cooperation and international education work. The organization's self-declared goal is to deliver effective solutions that offer people better prospects and sustainably improve their living conditions.GIZ's main commissioning party is Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Other commissioners include European Union institutions, the United Nations, the private sector, and governments of other countries. In its projects GIZ works with partners in national governments, actors from the private sector, civil society and research institutions. Additionally, in cooperation with the German Federal Employment Agency, GIZ operates the Centre for International Migration and Development (CIM), an agency specialized on international cooperation activities related to global labor mobility.GIZ was established on 1 January 2011, through the merger of three German international development organizations: the Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), and Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung (InWEnt). The merger was overseen by Dirk Niebel, federal development minister from 2009 to 2013. His predecessor had previously tried and failed to merge the DED with the KfW. GIZ is one of the world's largest development agencies, with a business volume in excess of €3.1 billion in 2019 as well as 22,199 employees spread over more than 120 countries.Organisation
GIZ's headquarters are located in Bonn and Eschborn. It also has an office in Berlin and at 16 other locations across Germany. Outside Germany, the company has a representation in Brussels and operates 90 offices around the world.Because GIZ is incorporated under German law as a GmbH (limited liability company), it is governed by a management board that acts on behalf of the company's shareholders and is monitored by a supervisory board. Additionally, GIZ also has a board of trustees and a Private Sector Advisory Board. GIZ's management board consists of two managing directors, namely Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel (Chairperson) and Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven.Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel, a former Social Democrat local politician, was previously one of three managing directors. Prior to him, the inaugural chairperson was Tanja Gönner, a former state-level minister of the Christian Democrats, who left politics during protests against the Stuttgart 21 train station project. She came to GIZ without prior experience in international development. She left GIZ in November 2022 to lead the German industry lobby BDI.The Federal Republic of Germany (represented by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF)) is GIZ's sole shareholder. The organization is structured into eight corporate units (Corporate Development; Corporate Communications; Legal Affairs and Insurance; Compliance and Integrity; Auditing; Evaluation; Corporate Security; Academy for International Cooperation (AIZ)) and ten departments (Commissioning Parties and Business Development; Sectoral Development; Sector and Global Programmes; Africa; Asia, Latin America, Caribbean; Europe, Mediterranean, Central Asia; International Services; Human Resources).GIZ holds a 49% share in sequa gGmbH, the implementing partner of the German business community, in line with the company's objective to foster private sector development and cooperate closely with business chambers and associations abroad. Moreover, GIZ is a member of the European Network of Implementing Development Agencies (EUNIDA), which was co-founded by GTZ in 2000. | owned by | 34,273 | 103,737 |
[
"Air Canada",
"owned by",
"Government of Canada"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Air Canada<\e1> and <e2>Government of Canada<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,776 |
[
"MZ Motorrad- und Zweiradwerk",
"founded by",
"Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>MZ Motorrad- und Zweiradwerk<\e1> and <e2>Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 103,858 |
[
"Istanbul nostalgic tramways",
"owned by",
"Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Istanbul nostalgic tramways<\e1> and <e2>Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,906 |
[
"Unter den Linden (Berlin U-Bahn)",
"owned by",
"Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Unter den Linden (Berlin U-Bahn)<\e1> and <e2>Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,924 |
[
"Gaudiya Mission",
"founded by",
"sannyasi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gaudiya Mission<\e1> and <e2>sannyasi<\e2>.
The Gaudiya Mission (Bengali: গৌড়ীয় মিশন) is a Gaudiya Vaishnava monastic and missionary organization whose founder acharya is Srila Prabhupad (6 Feb 1874 — 3 Jan 1937) alias Srimad Bhakti Siddhanta Sarasvati Goswami Maharaja. The organisation has been registered since March 1940 in Calcutta, British India under the supervision of the then Acharya Srila Acharyadev (25 Aug 1895 — 8 March 1958) alias Srimad Bhakti Prasad Puri Goswami Maharaj after accepting sannyasa in 1939/1941. | founded by | 34,299 | 103,927 |
[
"OFD Ostfriesischer-Flug-Dienst",
"owned by",
"Ems"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>OFD Ostfriesischer-Flug-Dienst<\e1> and <e2>Ems<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 103,956 |
[
"Rochester Knighthawks",
"owned by",
"Pegula Sports and Entertainment"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rochester Knighthawks<\e1> and <e2>Pegula Sports and Entertainment<\e2>.
The Rochester Knighthawks (also known as the K-Hawks) are a professional box lacrosse team in the North Division of the National Lacrosse League. They play in Rochester, New York at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial.
The Knighthawks are owned by Pegula Sports and Entertainment who purchased the intellectual property of the team from former owner Curt Styres who moved the previous version of the team to Halifax, Nova Scotia as the Halifax Thunderbirds at the end of the 2018–2019 season. As an expansion team they are not a continuation of the previous Knighthawks. All records and championships followed the original franchise to Halifax. | owned by | 34,313 | 103,989 |
[
"Hamburg Hauptbahnhof",
"owned by",
"Deutsche Bahn"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hamburg Hauptbahnhof<\e1> and <e2>Deutsche Bahn<\e2>.
Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (abbrev. Hamburg Hbf), or Hamburg Central Station in English, is the main railway station of the city of Hamburg, Germany. Opened in 1906 to replace four separate terminal stations, today Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is operated by DB Station&Service AG. With an average of 550,000 passengers a day, it is Germany's busiest railway station and the second-busiest in Europe after the Gare du Nord in Paris. It is classed by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 railway station.The station is a through station with island platforms and is one of Germany's major transportation hubs, connecting long-distance Intercity Express routes to the city's U-Bahn and S-Bahn rapid transit networks. It is centrally located in Hamburg in the Hamburg-Mitte borough. The Wandelhalle shopping centre occupies the north side of the station building. | owned by | 34,323 | 104,045 |
[
"Kenmu Restoration",
"founded by",
"Go-Daigo"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kenmu Restoration<\e1> and <e2>Go-Daigo<\e2>.
The Kenmu Restoration (建武の新政, Kenmu no shinsei) was a three-year period of Imperial rule in Japanese history between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period from 1333 to 1336. The Kenmu Restoration was an effort made by Emperor Go-Daigo to overthrow the ruling Kamakura Shogunate (de facto ruled by Hōjō clan) and restore the Imperial House to power in Japan, returning to civilian government after 148 years of de facto military government from Kamakura. Go-Daigo launched the Genkō War in 1331 against the Kamakura Shogunate but was defeated and forced to exile to the Oki Islands. Go-Daigo launched a second uprising, and with the assistance of the defected Kamakura general Ashikaga Takauji and rebel leader Nitta Yoshisada, defeated the Kamakura Shogunate at the siege of Kamakura in 1333. The Imperial House was restored to power but Go-Daigo's policies failed to satisfy his major samurai supporters and most Japanese people. The Kenmu Restoration was ultimately overthrown when Takauji became Shōgun and founded the Ashikaga Shogunate in 1336, beginning the "Northern and Southern Courts" period and the Muromachi period.The Kenmu Restoration was the last time the Emperor of Japan held significant power until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. | founded by | 34,329 | 104,082 |
[
"Ontario Power Generation",
"owned by",
"Government of Ontario"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ontario Power Generation<\e1> and <e2>Government of Ontario<\e2>.
Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG) is a Crown corporation and "government business enterprise" that is responsible for approximately half of the electricity generation in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is wholly owned by the government of Ontario. Sources of electricity include nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, gas and biomass. Although Ontario has an open electricity market, the provincial government, as OPG's sole shareholder, regulates the price the company receives for its electricity to be less than the market average, in an attempt to stabilize prices. Since 1 April 2008, the company's rates have been regulated by the Ontario Energy Board.
In June 2019, it was announced that a new corporate campus would be built in Clarington, Ontario, that will also house Ontario Power Generation's headquarters. In February 2023, it was announced that OPG would instead purchase the former head office building of General Motors Canada in Oshawa, Ontario, for their new headquarters, planning to open by 2024. | owned by | 34,335 | 104,115 |
[
"Ashikaga shogunate",
"founded by",
"Ashikaga Takauji"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ashikaga shogunate<\e1> and <e2>Ashikaga Takauji<\e2>.
The Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府, Ashikaga bakufu), also known as the Muromachi shogunate (室町幕府, Muromachi bakufu), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.The Ashikaga shogunate was established when Ashikaga Takauji was appointed Shōgun after overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration shortly after having overthrown the Kamakura shogunate in support of Emperor Go-Daigo. The Ashikaga clan governed Japan from the Imperial capital of Heian-kyō (Kyoto) as de facto military dictators along with the daimyō lords of the samurai class. The Ashikaga shogunate began the Nanboku-chō period between the Pro-Ashikaga Northern Court in Kyoto and the Pro-Go-Daigo Southern Court in Yoshino until the South conceded to the North in 1392. The Ashikaga shogunate collapsed upon outbreak of the Ōnin War in 1467, entering a state of constant civil war known as the Sengoku period, and was finally dissolved when Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki was overthrown by Oda Nobunaga in 1573.
The Ashikaga shogunate's alternative name Muromachi and the Muromachi period are derived from the Muromachi district of Kyoto, where the third Shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, established his residence nicknamed the "Flower Palace" (花の御所, Hana no Gosho) on Muromachi Street in 1379.History
Beginning
From 1180 to 1185, the Genpei War was fought between the Taira and Minamoto clans longstanding violent rivalry for influence over the Emperor of Japan and his Imperial Court. The Genpei War ended with victory for the Minamoto under Minamoto no Yoritomo, establishing the Kamakura shogunate after being pronounced Shōgun and beginning the Kamakura period. The Hōjō clan rose to power and governed Japan from the city of Kamakura, while the Emperor and his Imperial Court remained in the official capital city of Heian-kyō as largely symbolic figures. The Hōjō monopoly of power, as well as the lack of a reward of lands after the defeat of the Mongol invasions, led to simmering resentment among Hōjō vassals. In 1333, the Emperor Go-Daigo ordered local governing vassals to oppose Hōjō rule, in favor of Imperial rule in the Kenmu Restoration. The Kamakura shogunate ordered Ashikaga Takauji to squash the uprising, but for reasons that are unclear, Takauji turned against Kamakura and fought on behalf of the Imperial court, successfully overthrowing the shogunate. It is possibly because Takauji was the unofficial leader of the powerless Minamoto clan while the Hōjō clan were from the Taira clan the Minamoto had previously defeated. Japan was returned to Imperial civilian rule, but Emperor Go-Daigo's policies were unpopular and failed to satisfy those who had fought for him. In 1336, Takauji established his own military government in Kyoto, effectively overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration and appointing himself as the new Shōgun.North and South Court
After Ashikaga Takauji established himself as the Shōgun, a dispute arose with Emperor Go-Daigo on the subject of how to govern the country. That dispute led Takauji to cause Prince Yutahito, the second son of Emperor Go-Fushimi, to be installed as Emperor Kōmyō while Go-Daigō fled Kyoto. Japan was subsequently divided between two Imperial courts: the Northern Court located in Kyoto, in favor of Kōmyō under Ashikaga influence, and Southern Court located in Yoshino, in favor of Go-Daigō. The Northern and Southern courts engaged in an ideological struggle for power that continued for 56 years, until the Southern Court gave up during the reign of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1392. | founded by | 34,339 | 104,121 |
[
"Hokuriku Shinkansen",
"owned by",
"Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hokuriku Shinkansen<\e1> and <e2>Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,211 |
[
"Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus",
"founded by",
"Amadeus VIII of Savoy"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus<\e1> and <e2>Amadeus VIII of Savoy<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,245 |
[
"Tongmenghui",
"founded by",
"Sun Yat-sen"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Tongmenghui<\e1> and <e2>Sun Yat-sen<\e2>.
History
Revolutionary era
The Tongmenghui was created through the unification of Sun Yat-sen's Xingzhonghui (Revive China Society), the Guangfuhui (Restoration Society) and many other Chinese revolutionary groups. Among the Tongmenghui's members were Huang Xing, Li Zongren, Zhang Binglin, Chen Tianhua, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, Tao Chengzhang, Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng, Zhang Renjie, and Qiu Jin.
In 1906, a branch of the Tongmenghui was formed in Singapore, following Sun's visit there; this was called the Nanyang branch and served as headquarters of the organization for Southeast Asia. The members of the branch included Wong Hong-kui (黃康衢; Huang Kangqu), Tan Chor Lam (陳楚楠; Chen Chu'nan; 1884–1971) and Teo Eng Hock (張永福; Zhang Yongfu; originally a rubber shoe manufacturer). Tan Chor Lam, Teo Eng Hock and Chan Po-yin (陳步賢; Chen Buxian; 1883–1965) started the revolution-related Chong Shing Chinese Daily Newspaper (中興日報, 中興 meaning China revival), with the inaugural issue on 20 August 1907 and a daily distribution of 1,000 copies. The newspaper ended in 1910, presumably due to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. Working with other Cantonese people, Tan, Teo and Chan opened the revolution-related Kai Ming Bookstore (開明書報社, 開明 meaning open wisdom) in Singapore. For the revolution, Chan Po-yin raised over 30,000 yuan for the purchase and shipment (from Singapore to China) of military equipment and for the support of the expenses of people travelling from Singapore to China for revolutionary work.In 1909, the headquarters of the Nanyang Tongmenghui was transferred to Penang. Sun Yat-Sen himself was based in Penang from July to December 1910. During this time, the 1910 Penang Conference was held to plan the Second Guangzhou Uprising. The high-powered Preparatory Meeting of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's supporters was subsequently held in Ipoh - at the villa of Teh Lay Seng, chairman of Tungmenghui Ipoh at Jalan Sungai Pari - to raise funds. The Ipoh leaders were Teh Lay Seng, Wong I Ek, Lee Guan Swee and Lee Hau Cheong. The leaders launched a major drive for donations across the Malay Peninsula. An amount of $47, 683 Straits Settlement Dollars was raised. The Tongmenghui also started a newspaper, the Kwong Wah Jit Poh, with the first issue published in December 1910 from 120 Armenian Street, Penang.In Henan, some Chinese Muslims were members of the Tongmenghui. | founded by | 34,360 | 104,255 |
[
"Tongmenghui",
"founded by",
"Song Jiaoren"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Tongmenghui<\e1> and <e2>Song Jiaoren<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,259 |
[
"Ordem Militar de Cristo",
"founded by",
"John XXII"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ordem Militar de Cristo<\e1> and <e2>John XXII<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,261 |
[
"Ordem Militar de Cristo",
"founded by",
"Denis I of Portugal"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ordem Militar de Cristo<\e1> and <e2>Denis I of Portugal<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,265 |
[
"Téléphérique du Salève",
"owned by",
"Canton of Geneva"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Téléphérique du Salève<\e1> and <e2>Canton of Geneva<\e2>.
History
The cable car was inaugurated in 1932, replacing a now-disused rack railway (for which one of the tunnels can still be seen walking up). It was shut down in 2021 (delayed from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) for refurbishment, and is scheduled to re-open in 2023. The projected cost is 12 million euros. | owned by | 34,369 | 104,308 |
[
"Téléphérique du Salève",
"owned by",
"Agglomeration community of Annemasse – Les Voirons"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Téléphérique du Salève<\e1> and <e2>Agglomeration community of Annemasse – Les Voirons<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,312 |
[
"Landmark Mortgages",
"owned by",
"Government of the United Kingdom"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Landmark Mortgages<\e1> and <e2>Government of the United Kingdom<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,316 |
[
"Rogers Place",
"owned by",
"Edmonton"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rogers Place<\e1> and <e2>Edmonton<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,318 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Italian Rugby Federation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Italian Rugby Federation<\e2>.
EPCR governance
Board of directors
EPCR is managed through a 9-person Board of Directors, which represents all stakeholders, and includes an independent chairman. The nine shareholders, by country, are listed below:
England - Rugby Football Union, Premiership Rugby Limited
France - Ligue Nationale de Rugby
Italy - Federazione Italiana Rugby
Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa, Wales - United Rugby ChampionshipThe EPCR independent chairman is Dominic McKay, who took over as interim chairman when Simon Halliday stepped down in October 2021. McKay was confirmed as permanent chairman in May 2022. | owned by | 34,372 | 104,320 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Scottish Rugby Union"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Scottish Rugby Union<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,321 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Premiership Rugby Limited"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Premiership Rugby Limited<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,322 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"National Rugby League"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>National Rugby League<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,323 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Rugby Football Union"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Rugby Football Union<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,325 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"French Rugby Federation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>French Rugby Federation<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,326 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Irish Rugby Football Union"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Irish Rugby Football Union<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,327 |
[
"European Professional Club Rugby",
"owned by",
"Welsh Rugby Union"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>European Professional Club Rugby<\e1> and <e2>Welsh Rugby Union<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,328 |
[
"TNT Express",
"owned by",
"FedEx"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>TNT Express<\e1> and <e2>FedEx<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,350 |
[
"Microsoft Bing",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Microsoft Bing<\e1> and <e2>Microsoft<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,382 |
[
"Microsoft Academic",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Microsoft Academic<\e1> and <e2>Microsoft<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,396 |
[
"Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus",
"founded by",
"P. T. Barnum"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus<\e1> and <e2>P. T. Barnum<\e2>.
The Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (also known as the Ringling Bros. Circus, Ringling Bros., the Barnum & Bailey Circus, Barnum & Bailey, or simply Ringling) is an American traveling circus company billed as The Greatest Show on Earth. It and its predecessor shows ran from 1871 to 2017. Known as Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey, the circus started in 1919 when the Barnum & Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth, a circus created by P. T. Barnum and James Anthony Bailey, was merged with the Ringling Bros. World's Greatest Shows. The Ringling brothers had purchased Barnum & Bailey Ltd. following Bailey's death in 1906, but ran the circuses separately until they were merged in 1919.
After 1957, the circus no longer exhibited under its own portable "big top" tents, instead using permanent venues such as sports stadiums and arenas. In 1967, Irvin Feld and his brother Israel, along with Houston Judge Roy Hofheinz, bought the circus from the Ringling family. In 1971, the Felds and Hofheinz sold the circus to Mattel, buying it back from the toy company in 1981. Since the death of Irvin Feld in 1984, the circus had been a part of Feld Entertainment, an international entertainment firm headed by his son Kenneth Feld, with its headquarters in Ellenton, Florida.
With weakening attendance, many animal rights protests, and high operating costs, the circus performed its final show on May 21, 2017, at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum and closed after 146 years.On May 18, 2022, after a five-year hiatus, Feld Entertainment announced that the circus would resume touring in the fall of 2023, but without animals. | founded by | 34,396 | 104,427 |
[
"Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus",
"founded by",
"James Anthony Bailey"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus<\e1> and <e2>James Anthony Bailey<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,429 |
[
"Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus",
"founded by",
"Ringling brothers"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus<\e1> and <e2>Ringling brothers<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,430 |
[
"Sakhalin Railway",
"owned by",
"Russian Railways"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Sakhalin Railway<\e1> and <e2>Russian Railways<\e2>.
Sakhalin Railway (Russian: Сахалинская железная дорога) is one of the railway division under Far Eastern Railway that primarily serves in Sakhalin Island. Due to its island location, the railway becomes the second isolated 1520mm gauge network in Russia, like the Norilsk railway. The only main connection to the mainland is the Vanino–Kholmsk train ferry. The management is located at Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.History
The Treaty of Portsmouth following the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 placed the northern half of Sakhalin under the control of the Russian Empire, whilst the southern half (Karafuto) was under control of Japan.
On the Japanese half of the island, a 42.5-kilometre-long (26.4 mi) railway was built from Korsakov (大泊 (Ōtomari)) to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (豊原 (Toyohara)), with a gauge of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in). This section was later converted to the normal Japanese railway gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in).
In 1911, a 64 km (40 mi) branch was built from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk to Starodubskoye (Sakaehama). Between 1918 and 1921, the towns of Nevelsk (本斗 (Honto)), Kholmsk (真岡 (Maoka)), Chekhov (野田 (Noda)) and Tomari (泊居 (Tomarioru)) were also connected to the network. The Japanese railway network consisted of the Western Karafuto Railway from Naihoro (Gornozavodsk) to Tomarioru, and the Eastern Karafuto Railways from Otomari to Koton (Pobedino) until 1944. Its total length was over 1,225 km (761 mi).
After the Second World War, control of the whole of the island passed to the Soviet Union, including the island's complete rail network and rolling stock. Wagons from the Soviet railways were re-gauged for use on the island. The locomotive factory in Lyudinovo produced diesel locomotives of the models TG16 and TG21 specifically for use on the island's narrow gauge network. Additionally, trains were imported from Japan, such as the purpose-made A1 sets made by Hitachi Rail and Teikoku Sharyo (1958-1960), followed by the D2 sets made by Fuji Heavy Industries (1986) and ex-JNR KiHa 58 railcars, purchased second hand in the early 1990s.
The Soviet era saw the network extend into the north of the island, with a total extent in 1992 of 2,500 km (1,600 mi). By 2006, little-used sections such as Dachnoye–Aniva and Dolinsk–Starodubskoye had been closed, but the network still had a total length of 2,025 km (1,258 mi).
In 1992, the Sakhalin Railway was split from the Far Eastern Railway and made its own administrative entity. It reverted to being part of the Far Eastern Railway in 2010.
In order to allow regular Russian trains to run on the island, the island's rail network underwent conversion to Russian broad gauge starting from 2003. Russian Railways formally completed the regauging work in August 2019. Last scheduled train on 1067mm line Holmsk-77km pk9 was run at 30.09.2020. | owned by | 34,403 | 104,450 |
[
"Dahomeyan Unity Party",
"founded by",
"Hubert Maga"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dahomeyan Unity Party<\e1> and <e2>Hubert Maga<\e2>.
History
The party was established on 13 November 1960 by the merger of the Republican Party of Dahomey (PRD) led by Sourou-Migan Apithy, the Dahomeyan Democratic Rally (RDD) led by Hubert Maga and the National Liberation Movement (MLN) led by Jean Pliya and Albert Teveodjré. The PRD and the RDD had previously merged in 1958 to form the Dahomeyan Progressive Party, but had split the following year. Chabi Mama became the new party's secretary general.Changes to the electoral system made by Maga allowed the PDU to win all 60 seats in the Dahomeyan parliamentary election, 1960. The following year, the main opposition party, the Dahomeyan Democratic Union, was banned and its leader Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin imprisoned. As a result, the PDU became the sole legal party in the country.The party was dissolved on 13 November 1963 by Christophe Soglo after Hubert Maga was overthrown in a coup, and a new party, the Dahomeyan Democratic Party was formed by Apithy and Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin. | founded by | 34,405 | 104,466 |
[
"Dahomeyan Unity Party",
"founded by",
"Sourou-Migan Apithy"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dahomeyan Unity Party<\e1> and <e2>Sourou-Migan Apithy<\e2>.
The Dahomeyan Unity Party (French: Parti Dahoméen de l'Unité, PDU) was a political party in the Republic of Dahomey.History
The party was established on 13 November 1960 by the merger of the Republican Party of Dahomey (PRD) led by Sourou-Migan Apithy, the Dahomeyan Democratic Rally (RDD) led by Hubert Maga and the National Liberation Movement (MLN) led by Jean Pliya and Albert Teveodjré. The PRD and the RDD had previously merged in 1958 to form the Dahomeyan Progressive Party, but had split the following year. Chabi Mama became the new party's secretary general.Changes to the electoral system made by Maga allowed the PDU to win all 60 seats in the Dahomeyan parliamentary election, 1960. The following year, the main opposition party, the Dahomeyan Democratic Union, was banned and its leader Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin imprisoned. As a result, the PDU became the sole legal party in the country.The party was dissolved on 13 November 1963 by Christophe Soglo after Hubert Maga was overthrown in a coup, and a new party, the Dahomeyan Democratic Party was formed by Apithy and Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin. | founded by | 34,406 | 104,467 |
[
"Dahomeyan Unity Party",
"founded by",
"Émile Derlin Zinsou"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dahomeyan Unity Party<\e1> and <e2>Émile Derlin Zinsou<\e2>.
The Dahomeyan Unity Party (French: Parti Dahoméen de l'Unité, PDU) was a political party in the Republic of Dahomey. | founded by | 34,407 | 104,468 |
[
"Dahomeyan Unity Party",
"founded by",
"Albert Tévoédjrè"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dahomeyan Unity Party<\e1> and <e2>Albert Tévoédjrè<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,470 |
[
"Dahomeyan Unity Party",
"founded by",
"Jean Pliya"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dahomeyan Unity Party<\e1> and <e2>Jean Pliya<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,471 |
[
"Jesus Project",
"founded by",
"R. Joseph Hoffmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Jesus Project<\e1> and <e2>R. Joseph Hoffmann<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 104,493 |
[
"Hiroshima Castle",
"owned by",
"Toyotomi Hideyoshi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hiroshima Castle<\e1> and <e2>Toyotomi Hideyoshi<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 104,496 |
[
"Hiroshima Castle",
"founded by",
"Mōri Terumoto"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hiroshima Castle<\e1> and <e2>Mōri Terumoto<\e2>.
History
Mōri Terumoto, one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's council of Five Elders, built Hiroshima castle between 1589 and 1599. It was located on the delta of the Otagawa river. There was no Hiroshima city or town at the time, and the area was called Gokamura, meaning "five villages". Beginning in 1591, Mōri Terumoto moved from Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle and governed nine provinces from this castle, including much of what is now Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama and Hiroshima Prefectures.
When construction on the castle began, Gokamura was renamed Hiroshima, as a more impressive name was called for. "Hiro" was taken from Ōe no Hiromoto, an ancestor of the Mōri family, and "Shima" was taken from Fukushima Motonaga, who helped Mōri Terumoto choose the castle site. Some accounts state that the name "Hiroshima", meaning "wide island", comes from the existence of several large islands in the delta of the Otagawa, near the castle's site.
Following the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Mōri was forced out of the castle, retreating to Hagi in today's Yamaguchi Prefecture. Fukushima Masanori became the lord of Aki and Bingo Provinces (which today make up Hiroshima Prefecture) and of Hiroshima castle. However, the new Tokugawa shogunate forbade any castle construction without permission from Edo; this was part of how the shogunate kept the daimyōs from gaining power and overthrowing the shogunate. When Fukushima repaired the castle following a flood in 1619, he was dispatched to Kawanakajima in today's Nagano Prefecture. Asano Nagaakira then became lord of the castle.
From 1619 until the abolition of the feudal system during the Meiji Restoration (1869), the Asano family were lords of Aki and Bingo Provinces.
After the Meiji Restoration, the castle came to serve as a military facility, and the Imperial General Headquarters was based there during the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895. The foundations of several of the GHQ outbuildings, just a few hundred paces from the castle's main tower, remain today.
During the final months of World War II, the castle served as the headquarters of the 2nd General Army and Fifth Division, stationed there to deter the projected Allied invasion of the Japanese mainland. The castle was destroyed in the atomic bomb blast of August 6, 1945, and for many years, it was believed the castle structure was blown away by the explosion that destroyed Hiroshima, but newly discovered evidence suggests the explosion only destroyed the lower pillars of the castle, and the rest of it collapsed as a result.The present tower, constructed largely of concrete, was completed in 1958. | founded by | 34,412 | 104,497 |
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