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stringlengths 56
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|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Peking University",
"founded by",
"Empress Dowager Cixi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Peking University<\e1> and <e2>Empress Dowager Cixi<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,898 |
[
"Anthroposophy",
"founded by",
"Rudolf Steiner"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Anthroposophy<\e1> and <e2>Rudolf Steiner<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,901 |
[
"Phoniatrics",
"founded by",
"Hermann Gutzmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Phoniatrics<\e1> and <e2>Hermann Gutzmann<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,903 |
[
"Alltagsgeschichte",
"founded by",
"Alf Lüdtke"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Alltagsgeschichte<\e1> and <e2>Alf Lüdtke<\e2>.
Alltagsgeschichte (German; lit. 'history of the everyday' and sometimes translated as 'history of everyday life') is a form of social history that was emerged among West German historians in the 1980s. It was founded by Alf Lüdtke (1943–2019) and Hans Medick (born 1939). Alltagsgeschichte can be considered part of the wider Marxian historical school of 'history from below'. It challenged the well-known framework of Strukturgeschichte ('history of structures'), within the German historical field and advocated for a new model of social history. It is related to microhistory. | founded by | 33,892 | 101,904 |
[
"Alltagsgeschichte",
"founded by",
"Hans Medick"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Alltagsgeschichte<\e1> and <e2>Hans Medick<\e2>.
Alltagsgeschichte (German; lit. 'history of the everyday' and sometimes translated as 'history of everyday life') is a form of social history that was emerged among West German historians in the 1980s. It was founded by Alf Lüdtke (1943–2019) and Hans Medick (born 1939). Alltagsgeschichte can be considered part of the wider Marxian historical school of 'history from below'. It challenged the well-known framework of Strukturgeschichte ('history of structures'), within the German historical field and advocated for a new model of social history. It is related to microhistory. | founded by | 33,892 | 101,905 |
[
"Rocket Internet",
"founded by",
"Samwer brothers"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rocket Internet<\e1> and <e2>Samwer brothers<\e2>.
Rocket Internet SE is a German Internet company headquartered in Berlin. The company builds startups and owns shareholdings in various models of internet retail businesses. The company model is known as a startup studio or a venture builder.It provides office space to new companies at its headquarters in Berlin, with IT support, marketing services and access to investors. As of 2016, Rocket Internet has more than 28,000 employees across its worldwide network of companies, which consists of over 100 entities active in 110 countries. The company's market capitalization was €3.49 billion as of November 3, 2017. On July 12, 2021, the market capitalization was €3.7 billion.History
The company was founded in Berlin in 2007 by three brothers: Marc, Oliver and Alexander Samwer and was once also connected to the European Founders Fund, an associated company.
In 2008, Rocket Internet founded Zalando, emulating the business model of US online retailer Zappos.com.On July 1, 2014, Rocket Internet changed its legal form from a GmbH (private limited company) to an AG (public limited company). The initial public offering took place on October 2, 2014 on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange at €42.50 per share. The company was listed in the Entry Standard and got uplisted in Prime Standard on September 26, 2016. In October 2016 it was announced that Rocket Internet replaces Chorus Clean Energy AG in SDAX. Rocket Internet SE joined the MDAX index of German mid-cap stocks on March 19, 2018. This decision was announced by Deutsche Börse AG (Frankfurt Stock Exchange) on March 5, 2018. On March 18, 2015 the company changed its legal form into an SE (Societas Europaea).In mid-December 2016, Global Founders held 37.1% in Rocket Internet, Kinnevik 13.2%, United Internet 8.3%, Baillie Gifford 6.5%, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company 6.1% and Access Industries 6.0%.Holtzbrinck Ventures held a 1.8% share, with main investors holding shares of 3.4%; 16.3% was held in free float. In January 2017, Rocket Internet Capital Partners announced its final closing of $1 billion dedicated to early stage and growth equity investments. It is the biggest tech fund of any VC firm to date in Europe.On September 1, 2020, Rocket Internet announced its delisting. As of February 2021, Rocket Internet was recognized as one of the top startup studios based on website traffic to its top 3 portfolio companies. | founded by | 33,893 | 101,907 |
[
"Rocket Internet",
"owned by",
"Kinnevik AB"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rocket Internet<\e1> and <e2>Kinnevik AB<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 101,908 |
[
"Heidsieck & Co",
"founded by",
"Florens-Louis Heidsieck"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Heidsieck & Co<\e1> and <e2>Florens-Louis Heidsieck<\e2>.
Heidsieck & Co "Monopole" is a champagne house located in the Champagne region of France.History
It was founded in 1785 by Florens-Louis Heidsieck. Following the death of the founder in 1828, the successors were his relatives Henri-Louis Walbaum, Frédéric-Auguste Delius and Christian Heidsieck.
In 1838 after several disagreements, the three nephews decide to part ways. Henri Louis Walbaum (1813–1883) continued the business alone, joining forces with his brother-in-law Auguste Heidsieck (1796–1870). The company name therefore changed to "Walbaum Heidsieck & Co."In 1860 Henri Louis Walbaum and Auguste Heidsieck established the trademark "Monopole". Following the death of Auguste Heidsieck, in 1870 the company Veuve Heidsieck et Co., heirs to Heidsieck & Co, operated under the leadership of his widow for a few years. Her successor was Florens Walbaum, who became the first chairman of the Syndicat du Commerce des Vins de Champagne from 1882 until his death in 1893.
The company name changed again to "Heidsieck & Co." in 1882 . Following several other name changes, in 1889, the company became "Walbaum, Luling, Goulden & Co, successeurs d'Heidsieck & CO" in 1889. It received an imperial warrant of appointment to the Russian court. In 1907 the company name becomes “Walbaum Goulden & Co, successeurs d’Heidsieck & Co, Maison fondée en 1785″. The company received an imperial and royal warrant of appointment for the Austro-Hungarian court.
In 1923 Édouard Mignot, founder of the grocery store chain “Les Comptoirs Français” acquires the company, which then becomes "Champagne Heidsieck & Co Monopole SA".
1956 After the Second World War, in 1956 the Champagne Academy in London is founded with "Heidsieck & Co Monopole" as one of the founding members.
In 1998, the Hiedsieck cuvée called Diamant bleu vintage 1907 was found in the shipwreck of the Swedish freighter Jönköping in the Gulf of Finland, the ship was chartered to deliver spirits, via neutral Sweden, to the Imperial Court of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. The ship was torpedoed in 1916 by a German submarine during World War I and a majority of the bottles survived in the frigid waters. About 2000 bottles were salvaged from the ship and have been sold at auctions all over the world as a historic novelty.In July 2010, a group of Swedish divers found 168 bottles from the 1830s aboard a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Åland. The bottles were initially claimed to have been produced between 1782 and 1788. They were sent for analysis to France where they were traced to a now-defunct champagne house Juglar. In November 2010 it was reported that the wreck included Veuve Clicquot bottles as well. Veuve Clicquot stated that experts checking branding of the corks "were able to identify with absolute certainty" that three of the bottles were theirs. The other bottles examined were attributed to Juglar.In January 2011 further info about the Åland bottles was released. 95 of them were identified as Juglar, 46 as Veuve Clicquot and at least four as Heidsieck.On November 17 the provincial government of the Åland Islands announced that most of the bottles were to be auctioned off. Two bottles of the Juglar were sold in the first auction, one going for 24,000 euros. Six bottles of the Juglar were sold at a second auction in 2012, along with four of the Veuve Clicquot and one of the Heidsieck. The profit from the auctions is being used for the improvement of water quality in the Baltic Sea and for research in marine archaeology and naval history.Today, Heidsieck is owned by the Vranken-Pommery Monopole Group (located in Reims), which also owns Pommery, Vranken, Château la Gordonne, Domaine Royal de Jarras, and Rozès. The champagne has a lot of pinot noir in the standard cuvée which makes it a little bit heavier in its style. | founded by | 33,894 | 101,910 |
[
"Critical psychology",
"founded by",
"Klaus Holzkamp"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Critical psychology<\e1> and <e2>Klaus Holzkamp<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,911 |
[
"Wilhelmsgymnasium (Munich)",
"founded by",
"Albert V, Duke of Bavaria"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Wilhelmsgymnasium (Munich)<\e1> and <e2>Albert V, Duke of Bavaria<\e2>.
History
The Gymnasium was founded in 1559 by Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria as a "Paedagogium", but was renamed in 1849 after its probable sponsor, Duke Wilhelm V. By 1773, the Gymnasium was overseen by the Jesuits ("Jesuit Gymnasium"). The present building on Thierschstraße (corner of Maximilianstraße) was erected in 1879 in Neo-Renaissance style. In 1893 it was granted Seminarschule status, meaning that it accepted trainee teachers.Much of the school compound was destroyed during the Allied bombing of Munich in 1944 and eventually rebuilt over the years. Girls were admitted during the 1970s. Between 2015 and 2018 the school operated out of a temporary location while the historic building's interior was completely gutted and refurbished with modern facilities. It re-opened for the 2018–19 academic year. | founded by | 33,895 | 101,912 |
[
"Jagdgeschwader 50",
"founded by",
"Hermann Graf"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Jagdgeschwader 50<\e1> and <e2>Hermann Graf<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,916 |
[
"Riohacha",
"founded by",
"Nikolaus Federmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Riohacha<\e1> and <e2>Nikolaus Federmann<\e2>.
Riohacha (Spanish pronunciation: [rjoˈa.tʃa]; Wayuu: Süchiimma) is a city in the Riohacha Municipality in the northern Caribbean Region of Colombia by the mouth of the Ranchería River and the Caribbean Sea. It is the capital city of the La Guajira Department. It has a sandy beach waterfront.
Founded by conquistador Nikolaus Federmann in 1535, Riohacha was named after a local legend, "The legend of the Axe". Because of the powerful rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the area is mostly desertic. It is inhabited primarily by Amerindians, predominantly the Wayuu ethnic group. During colonial times, Riohacha was a very important port, as divers could retrieve vast numbers of pearls from the harbor.
In the second half of the 20th century, the city developed as one of Colombia's medium important, maritime commercial ports. It is also a multicultural center for La Guajira Department. The city is mentioned several times in novels written by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Among his important works are One Hundred Years of Solitude, Love in the Time of Cholera, and Chronicle of a Death Foretold. | founded by | 33,896 | 101,917 |
[
"Friedrich Loeffler Institute",
"founded by",
"Friedrich Loeffler"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Friedrich Loeffler Institute<\e1> and <e2>Friedrich Loeffler<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,919 |
[
"Grand Duchy of Tuscany",
"founded by",
"Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Grand Duchy of Tuscany<\e1> and <e2>Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,922 |
[
"Freenode",
"founded by",
"Rob Levin"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Freenode<\e1> and <e2>Rob Levin<\e2>.
Rob Levin
Robert Levin, also known as lilo, was the founder of the Freenode IRC network and Executive Director of the PDPC charity that helped fund Freenode. A computer programmer since 1968, Levin worked as an administrator and an applications programmer from 1978 until his death.From 1994 onwards, Levin worked to encourage the use of IRC for free software and open-source projects. Levin was one of the founders of the Open Projects Network (OPN), and later of the PDPC.
In 2003, The Register (UK) reported that Levin mismanaged funds intended for the OPN, quoting him as writing that they went "to paying bills, to paying the rent, to buying food and necessities."On 12 September 2006, Levin was struck by a car while riding a bicycle at night in Houston, Texas, in a hit-and-run collision. After the collision, Levin was hospitalized for several days. He died on 16 September, at the age of 50. | founded by | 33,898 | 101,924 |
[
"Aqua Virgo",
"founded by",
"Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Aqua Virgo<\e1> and <e2>Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa<\e2>.
The Aqua Virgo was one of the eleven Roman aqueducts that supplied the city of ancient Rome. It was completed in 19 BC by Marcus Agrippa, during the reign of the emperor Augustus and was built mainly to supply the contemporaneous Baths of Agrippa in the Campus Martius.
At its peak, the aqueduct was capable of supplying more than 100,000 cubic metres (100,000,000 L) of water per day.
The name is thought to be derived from the purity and clarity of the water because it does not chalk significantly. According to a legend repeated by Frontinus, thirsty Roman soldiers asked a young girl for water, who directed them to the springs that later supplied the aqueduct; Aqua Virgo was named after her. | founded by | 33,899 | 101,926 |
[
"Community of Sant'Egidio",
"founded by",
"Andrea Riccardi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Community of Sant'Egidio<\e1> and <e2>Andrea Riccardi<\e2>.
The Community of Sant'Egidio (Italian: Comunità di Sant'Egidio) is a lay Catholic association dedicated to social service, founded in 1968 under the leadership of Andrea Riccardi. The group grew and in 1973 was given a home at the former Carmelite monastery and church of Sant'Egidio in Rome, Italy. In 1986, it received recognition from the Roman Curia of the Holy See as an international association of the faithful. Its activities include the Church's evening prayer together daily as a stimulus for lending assistance to a whole spectrum of needy persons: "lonely and non-self-sufficient elderly, immigrants and homeless people, terminally ill and HIV/AIDS patients, children at risk of deviance and marginalization, nomads and the physically and mentally handicapped, drug addicts, victims of war, and prisoners." The community also has a high profile in the area of peace negotiations, in addressing the AIDS epidemic in Africa, and in its opposition to capital punishment. It takes an ecumenical approach in all of its work.
Sant'Egidio is a network of small communities of fraternal life, currently present in 73 countries distributed as follows: Europe (23), Africa (29), Asia (7), North America (8), South America (5). There are an estimated 50,000 members. | founded by | 33,900 | 101,927 |
[
"Donner & Reuschel",
"founded by",
"Corad Hinrich Donner"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Donner & Reuschel<\e1> and <e2>Corad Hinrich Donner<\e2>.
Donner & Reuschel AG is a German bank organised as a limited company (Aktiengesellschaft) and headquartered in Hamburg. Until 2010, it was known as Conrad Hinrich Donner Bank AG. The bank specialises in private banking and has 580 employees in Hamburg, Munich and other offices. It has a subsidiary in Luxembourg, Donner & Reuschel Luxemburg S.A. In 2009 and 2010, it was recognised as Hamburg's best employer.The bank was founded in 1798 by Conrad Hinrich Donner, a Hamburg merchant and ship-owner, and originally named Hamburger Banco. It was originally a merchant house specialising in transportation and shipping.
The bank has around € 9 billion assets under management. | founded by | 33,901 | 101,928 |
[
"Henschel & Son",
"founded by",
"Carl Henschel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Henschel & Son<\e1> and <e2>Carl Henschel<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,930 |
[
"Henschel & Son",
"founded by",
"Werner Henschel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Henschel & Son<\e1> and <e2>Werner Henschel<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,932 |
[
"Reading Abbey",
"founded by",
"Henry I of England"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Reading Abbey<\e1> and <e2>Henry I of England<\e2>.
Reading Abbey is a large, ruined abbey in the centre of the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. It was founded by Henry I in 1121 "for the salvation of my soul, and the souls of King William, my father, and of King William, my brother, and Queen Maud, my wife, and all my ancestors and successors." In its heyday the abbey was one of Europe's largest royal monasteries. The traditions of the Abbey are continued today by the neighbouring St James's Church, which is partly built using stones of the Abbey ruins.Reading Abbey was the focus of a major £3 million project called "Reading Abbey Revealed" which conserved the ruins and Abbey Gateway and resulted in them being re-opened to the public on 16 June 2018. Alongside the conservation, new interpretation of the Reading Abbey Quarter was installed, including a new gallery at Reading Museum, and an extensive activity programme.Abbey Ward of Reading Borough Council takes its name from Reading Abbey, which lies within its boundaries. Now HM Prison Reading is on the site. | founded by | 33,902 | 101,934 |
[
"Diocese of Carlisle",
"founded by",
"Henry I of England"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Diocese of Carlisle<\e1> and <e2>Henry I of England<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,935 |
[
"Fielmann AG",
"founded by",
"Günther Fielmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Fielmann AG<\e1> and <e2>Günther Fielmann<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,937 |
[
"Fielmann AG",
"owned by",
"Günther Fielmann"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Fielmann AG<\e1> and <e2>Günther Fielmann<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 101,938 |
[
"St. Peter's Basilica",
"founded by",
"Julius II"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>St. Peter's Basilica<\e1> and <e2>Julius II<\e2>.
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave that is within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the aging Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture and the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held by the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world", and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom."Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is supposedly directly below the high altar of the basilica, also known as the Altar of the Confession. For this reason, many popes have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period.
St. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage and for its liturgical functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining St. Peter's Square; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the Early Christian Church, the Papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-reformation and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of Major papal basilica, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as bishop of Rome is at Saint John Lateran. | founded by | 33,903 | 101,939 |
[
"Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland",
"founded by",
"William I, Duke of Bavaria"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland<\e1> and <e2>William I, Duke of Bavaria<\e2>.
The Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland is a Dutch waterboard, which is responsible for water management. It covers the municipalities of Delft, Midden-Delfland and The Hague, and is fully located in the province of South Holland. The organization was established in 1289 when William I, Duke of Bavaria (As William V, Count of Holland) authorized the "Heemraden of Delft" to manage water and serve as a court. | founded by | 33,905 | 101,948 |
[
"Amarna",
"founded by",
"Tutankamón"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Amarna<\e1> and <e2>Tutankamón<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,953 |
[
"Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie",
"founded by",
"Alexander Grothendieck"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie<\e1> and <e2>Alexander Grothendieck<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,955 |
[
"Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre",
"founded by",
"Ruth Pfau"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre<\e1> and <e2>Ruth Pfau<\e2>.
Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre (MALC) in Karachi, Pakistan was run by Dr. Ruth Pfau, who was also a Roman Catholic religious sister of the Society of Daughters of the Heart of Mary, originally of German descent. Its social work department was founded 1962 by Dr. I. K. Gill and work for the leprosy patients and their family members was started. A Leprosy Clinic was bought in April 1963 and patients from all over Pakistan and even from Afghanistan came for treatment.In two years' time, MALC was transferred to a proper hospital building and established a full-service leprosy treatment and rehabilitation center, free to patients. Volunteer specialists helped, but the staff consists mainly of former patients trained to diagnose and treat the disease and to keep records. Meanwhile, Dr. Pfau took note of the home districts of her patients and identified Pakistan's leprosy belt-the first step in creating a national program of eradication.Inadequate resources and budget cuts for Pakistan's anti-leprosy program may herald a revival of the disease, especially in poorer areas of the country. Anti-leprosy projects have been integrated into a "multi-purpose health program," depriving them of funds specifically promised for fighting leprosy. Though the new government five-year plan earmarks funds to combat leprosy, the budget shortfall is more than 7 million rupees (US$325,000). Pakistan is on the threshold of achieving a leprosy-free society, the goal is being stifled because of financial constraints.
Though leprosy therapy in use since 1983 is effective, it is expensive and requires patients to receive weekly doses of medicine no longer widely available. The situation is particularly acute in mountainous regions and distant villages with limited access to medicine and doctors. More than 70 relief centers operate in Pakistan. New centers are opening in the North West Frontier Province and Baluchistan, where a large influx of Afghan refugees has brought many patients with leprosy.
Sister Pfau said that if necessary funds and essential facilities are provided, most leprosy patients will eventually be cured.The centre also helped Hermanegild Marcos Antonio Drago start a leprosy center in a room of his clinic in Mirpur Khas for patients who would otherwise need to travel to Karachi for treatment. This has evolved into the Marie Adelaide Drago government leprosy clinic which treats hundreds of patients each year.In 2003, there are an estimated 20,000 leprosy cases still in Pakistan and 12,000 people already disabled remain in need of care.In 2010 the Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre building has grown to eight storeys. Dr. Pfau is being hailed as Pakistan's 'Mother Teresa'. | founded by | 33,906 | 101,957 |
[
"Mono (software)",
"founded by",
"Miguel de Icaza"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mono (software)<\e1> and <e2>Miguel de Icaza<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,961 |
[
"Norton Utilities",
"founded by",
"Peter Norton"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Norton Utilities<\e1> and <e2>Peter Norton<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,962 |
[
"Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm",
"founded by",
"Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm<\e1> and <e2>Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau<\e2>.
The Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm, (German: Dessau-Wörlitzer Gartenreich) is a cultural landscape and World Heritage Site in Germany, located between the city of Dessau and the town of Wörlitz in Central Germany. One of the first and largest English parks in Germany and continental Europe, it was created in the late 18th century under the regency of Duke Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau. Today, the cultural landscape of Dessau-Wörlitz encompasses an area of 142 km2 (55 sq mi) within the Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Because of its exceptional landscape design and testimony to the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm was designated as a world heritage site in 2000.Origin
The Gardens had its origin in the 17th century, when the marriage of Leopold's great-grandfather Prince John George II of Anhalt-Dessau to the Dutch princess Henriette Catharina, daughter of Prince Frederick Henry of Orange (Dutch: Oranje), in 1659 brought a team of engineers and architects from the Low Countries under the supervision of architect Cornelis Ryckwaert to lay out the town, the palace and a Baroque garden in the former settlement of Nischwitz, which was renamed Oranienbaum in 1673. The Dutch influence remained prevalent in the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau for many decades.
In 1758, Prince Leopold III became the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, and five years later he and his friend, the architect Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff, embarked on a Grand Tour across Europe. The tour (in particular the ancient architecture of Italy and the English landscape gardens), and the ideals of The Enlightenment they encountered abroad heavily influenced their artistic tendencies. The two men aimed to move from the formal garden concept of the Baroque era to a more naturalistic landscape, as they had seen at Stourhead Gardens and Ermenonville.As early as 1765, Leopold III began to make architectural and landscape changes to the countryside in order to realize these ideals. The Wörlitz gardens served as the starting point of the programme, becoming the first landscape garden in continental Europe. Over the next 40 years, Leopold adapted or developed several other parks and palaces to fit the Enlightenment aesthetic, including the Oranienbaum Palace, Georgium Castle, Mosigkau Castle, and Großkühnau Castle.Wörlitzer Park
The central Wörlitzer Park lies adjacent to the small town of Wörlitz at an anabranch of the Elbe river, making it rich in water and diversity. It was laid out between 1769 and 1773 as one of the first English gardens on the continent. According to the ideals of Duke Leopold III the park would also serve as an educational institution in architecture, gardening and agriculture, therefore large parts were open to the public from the beginning. Most buildings were designed by Erdmannsdorff, while the gardens were laid out by Johann Friedrich Eyserbeck (1734-1818), a garden architect who was indebted to such English antecedents as Claremont, Stourhead and Stowe Landscape Garden. The gardens are protected from floods of the Elbe river in the north by a dam which is also a belt-walk offering numerous views along the park's sight lines.
Wörlitz Palace finished in 1773, the residence of Duke Leopold and his wife Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt, was the first Neoclassical building in present-day Germany. The palace and its interior with valuable cabinets from the studio of Abraham and David Roentgen as well as a large collection of Wedgwood porcelain were publicly accessible. Louise had her private home in the adjacent Graues Haus (Grey House). At the eastern rim of the palace's garden stands the Wörlitz Synagogue built in 1790 as a rotunda modeled after the ancient "Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy. The building expressing Leopold's religious tolerance was saved from demolition in the 1938 "Kristallnacht" pogrom by the custodian of the park, who thereupon lost his employment. The Neo-Gothic St Peter's Church in the west with its 66 m (217 ft) tall steeple was finished in 1809.
The philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the aesthetic of Johann Joachim Winckelmann underlie the design of the park and will lead to the creation of follies. Rousseau saw agriculture as the basis of everyday life and pointed out to educational functions of the natural landscape. Unsurprisingly, the most elegant landscape in the area is Rousseau Island in Neumark's Garden, scored to imitate the island at Ermenonville Park where the philosopher was buried.
An island on the artificial Wörlitz Lake features Europe's only artificial volcano. When Leopold III went on a grand tour of Europe in the 1760s, he was captivated by a trip to Naples in which he saw a smouldering Mount Vesuvius and would have heard about the newly-discovered town of Pompeii. Twenty-two years later, the German royal set about bringing a piece of Naples to Germany; he had his architect build a brick inner building nearly five stories high and cover it with local boulders. At the top, a hollow cone was made and contained a high chamber, complete with three fireplaces and a roof that contained an "artificial crater" that could be filled with water. He then constructed a lake around the volcano and invited his friends to watch an eruption. Only contemporary accounts detail what the 18th-century artificial eruption would have been like, but the practice still takes place today, complete with modern effects, after the island was restored to its past glory.Minor structures of the Garden Realm, stretching for some 25 km, had far-reaching ramifications in architecture of Central Europe. The "Gothic House", started by Erdmannsdorff in 1774, modeled on the villa of Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill, was one of the first Neo Gothic structures on the continent. The park also features replicas of Roman temples, including the Pantheon built in 1795. In the early years of the following century, the landscape was enriched with the Neo-Gothic churches in the neighbouring villages of Riesigk (1800) and Vockerode (1811).
The grounds, which had been divided into four parts since the construction of a railway line and the Bundesautobahn 9 in the 1930s, were designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. ICOMOS, however, noted that "the overall structure of the landscape has undergone a good deal of deterioration". | founded by | 33,907 | 101,964 |
[
"Midnight Commander",
"founded by",
"Miguel de Icaza"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Midnight Commander<\e1> and <e2>Miguel de Icaza<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,966 |
[
"NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra",
"founded by",
"Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra<\e1> and <e2>Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,968 |
[
"We've had abortions!",
"founded by",
"Alice Schwarzer"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>We've had abortions!<\e1> and <e2>Alice Schwarzer<\e2>.
Wir haben abgetrieben! ("We've had abortions!") was the headline on the cover of the West German magazine Stern on 6 June 1971. 374 women, some, but not all, of whom had a high public profile, publicly confessed that they had had pregnancies terminated, which at that time was illegal.The action was triggered by the feminist (and founder, some years later, of the feminist magazine EMMA) Alice Schwarzer; it targeted Paragraph 218 of the country's penal code (Strafgesetzbuch). It is viewed by many as a milestone in the feminist revival of the 1970s.In addition to the eye-catching headline, the magazine cover incorporated pictures of 28 of the better known participants. These included the journalist Carola Stern and the actresses Senta Berger, Veruschka von Lehndorff, Ursula Noack, Romy Schneider, Sabine Sinjen, Vera Tschechowa, Lis Verhoeven, Hanne Wieder, and Helga Anders. The event caused a particular sensation in West Germany, because it broke a widely respected taboo on public discussion of abortion. It was followed by the founding of several feminist groups, and it provided a focus for opposition to Paragraf 218 of the penal code until 1992, when the legal position changed following German reunification. | founded by | 33,908 | 101,970 |
[
"Orangerie (Kassel)",
"founded by",
"Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Orangerie (Kassel)<\e1> and <e2>Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel<\e2>.
The Orangerie is an orangery in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. It was built under Landgrave Charles between 1703 and 1711. Since then, it forms the northern corner of the Karlsaue park. Today it is used as an astronomy and physical cabinet. | founded by | 33,909 | 101,971 |
[
"MITx",
"founded by",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>MITx<\e1> and <e2>Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,972 |
[
"BBC Radiophonic Workshop",
"founded by",
"Daphne Oram"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BBC Radiophonic Workshop<\e1> and <e2>Daphne Oram<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,975 |
[
"BBC Radiophonic Workshop",
"founded by",
"Desmond Briscoe"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BBC Radiophonic Workshop<\e1> and <e2>Desmond Briscoe<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,976 |
[
"1908 Jubilee Cross",
"founded by",
"Franz Joseph I of Austria"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>1908 Jubilee Cross<\e1> and <e2>Franz Joseph I of Austria<\e2>.
History
The 1908 Jubilee Cross was created by Emperor Franz Josef on 2 December 1908 in order to commemorative medal the mark the 60th anniversary of his accession to the throne of the Habsburg EmpireThe cross was created by Professor Rudolf Marschall (1873-1967) of the Hofkammer, the Imperial Finance Ministry. The cross pattée was 37 mm in diameter. The obverse of the cross bore the portrait of Emperor Franz Josef. On the reverse is written 1848-1908. The cross is suspended from a trifold ribbon.
The cross came in three versions: | founded by | 33,910 | 101,977 |
[
"Connell Sixth Form College",
"founded by",
"Manchester City F.C."
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Connell Sixth Form College<\e1> and <e2>Manchester City F.C.<\e2>.
History
The sixth form college was one of three new free schools to be approved by Education Minister Michael Gove in July 2012, when the name of the educational facility was revealed to be Connell Co-op College, a tribute to the Connell family of Gorton, who founded Manchester City F.C. (in its first incarnation as a church youth team) in the latter part of the 19th century. The announcement also unveiled the link between the new college and Altrincham Grammar School for Girls, which proposed the initiative and had been asked to handle the management and recruitment of staff. Later the same year, Manchester City Football Club announced that the area around the college was to be part of a larger redevelopment, with commercial space as well as community leisure facilities.The college took on its first classes in 2013 using a dedicated area in The East Manchester Academy, and its facilities opened in September 2014.
In July 2018, the college planned to leave Bright Futures Educational Trust (BFET) after government intervention in 2017. Education bosses have been looking for a suitable trust to take over the college. The Co-op Academies Trust has been chosen to run the college. The Co-op Academies Trust bosses say there are no plans to make any roles redundant at the college as a result of the re-brokerage. | founded by | 33,911 | 101,978 |
[
"ACM SIGLOG",
"founded by",
"Dana Scott"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ACM SIGLOG<\e1> and <e2>Dana Scott<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,979 |
[
"ACM SIGLOG",
"founded by",
"Moshe Vardi"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ACM SIGLOG<\e1> and <e2>Moshe Vardi<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,980 |
[
"ACM SIGLOG",
"founded by",
"Prakash Panangaden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ACM SIGLOG<\e1> and <e2>Prakash Panangaden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 101,981 |
[
"Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission",
"founded by",
"Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission<\e1> and <e2>Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party<\e2>.
The Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission or CPLC (Chinese: 中共中央政法委员会), commonly referred to as Zhongyang Zhengfawei (中央政法委, literally "Central Poli-Legal Commission") in Chinese, is the organization under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) responsible for "political and legal affairs". Based on the principles of Leninism and democratic centralism, the organization acts as the overseer and coordinator of all legal enforcement authorities, including the Ministries of State Security, Public Security and Justice, as well as the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. All the CCP committees of provinces, municipalities, counties and autonomous regions establish respective politics and law commissions.
The CPLC functions as "the general chief of staff of the party committees, and represents the party in overseeing the country’s intelligence, law enforcement, judicial, and to a lesser extent, lawmaking systems". Its control of China's justice system has been especially useful and important for the Communist Party since the beginning of Chinese economic reform, because the CPLC has consistently and successfully acted, through judges and prosecutors, to seize the assets and imprison those businesspeople who were becoming economically powerful enough to acquire a base independent from that of the party.The commission is headed by a secretary who is usually a CCP Politburo member. | founded by | 33,912 | 101,982 |
[
"Supreme Court of Sweden",
"founded by",
"Gustav III of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Supreme Court of Sweden<\e1> and <e2>Gustav III of Sweden<\e2>.
History
Historically, all judicial power was vested in the Monarch, but in 1614 Gustavus Adolphus instituted Svea Court of Appeal and authorized it to issue sentences in his name. Those not satisfied with sentencing were able to turn directly to the monarch, and appeals were handled by the Justice Department of the Privy Council (in Swedish: Justitierevisionen), a committee of that council.
Under the rule of King Gustav III, the noble Privy Council was suspended in 1789 after the Riksdag of the estates introduced an addition to the instrument of government from 1772 called the Union and Security Act. After the Riksdag ended, the King on 19 May instituted the King's Supreme Court (Swedish: Konungens högsta domstol) to handle legal matters. There were twelve judges of the court, half of which was to be nobles and half commoners. While in session, no more than eight judges could serve at the same time, and with equal numbers of nobles and commoners. In the court, the king held two votes, as well as the deciding vote in case of a tie. However, this voting right was never exercised, except on the centennial of the court, when King Oscar II took part in the decision of one case.
Under the 1809 Instrument of Government, the judges of the Supreme Court became salaried civil servants, with the title of Councillor of Justice (justitieråd). The earlier Lord High Steward or Justiciar (Riksdrots) became the new Minister of State for Justice (or Prime Minister for Justice) and the foremost member of the court in 1809, but when the modern government ministries were created in 1840, this minister of justice were separated from the court. In 1844 the requirement on equal numbers of noblemen and commoners in service as judges of the court was dropped.
In 1909, the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsrätten) and the Council on Legislation (Lagrådet) were created to assume certain tasks that had been handled by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Administrative Court assumed responsibility for ruling on administrative cases and the Legal Council received the responsibility for judicial review (strictly speaking legal preview). At the same time the monarch lost voting power in the court.
The right to appeal cases to the Supreme Court was limited for the first time in 1915. A special dispensation was required before trying a minor civil or criminal case. Dispensation was to be given when there was a ruling that could become a precedent, and in 1945 this requirement was extended to all cases.
In 1948, the legal procedure was supplemented with oral proceedings and to satisfy the need for additional space the Supreme Court was moved in 1949 from the Royal Palace to the Bonde Palace on Stadsholmen.
By the Instrument of Government of 1974 the Supreme Court discontinued the practice to award sentencing in the name of the Swedish monarch (Kungl Maj:t), as well as announcing them at the Royal Palace where they were adorned with the royal seal. | founded by | 33,914 | 101,985 |
[
"Volvo",
"founded by",
"SKF"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Volvo<\e1> and <e2>SKF<\e2>.
The Volvo Group (Swedish: Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary Volvo Trucks.Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 Volvo Cars has been owned by the automotive company Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum in Sweden.
The corporation was first listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1935, and was on the NASDAQ indices from 1985 to 2007.Volvo was established in 1915 as a subsidiary of SKF, a ball bearing manufacturer; however both the Volvo Group and Volvo Cars regard the rollout of the company's first car series, the Volvo ÖV 4, on 14 April 1927, as their beginning. | founded by | 33,918 | 101,996 |
[
"Oulu",
"founded by",
"Charles IX of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Oulu<\e1> and <e2>Charles IX of Sweden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,017 |
[
"Vaasa",
"founded by",
"Charles IX of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Vaasa<\e1> and <e2>Charles IX of Sweden<\e2>.
Vaasa (Finnish: [ˈʋɑːsɑ]; Swedish: Vasa, Finland Swedish: [ˈvɑːsɑ] (listen), Sweden Swedish: [ˈvɑ̂ːsa] (listen)), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki (Swedish: Nikolajstad; literally meaning "city of Nicholas), is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Vaasa has a population of 68,049 (28 February 2023) (approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten; Finnish: Pohjanmaa). Vaasa is also well known as a major university and college city in Finland.The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities (such as Korsholm and Malax) have a clear Swedish-speaking majority, which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city, making it the most significant cultural center for Swedish-Finns.Vaasa is also known for Tropiclandia Water Park, which is located in the Vaskiluoto Island right next to a local spa hotel. In the immediate vicinity of Tropiclandia was the now deserted Wasalandia Amusement Park, which ceased operations in 2015 due to a small number of visitors.Foundation
The history of Korsholm and also of Vaasa begins in the 14th century, when seafarers from the coastal region in central Sweden disembarked at the present Old Vaasa, and the wasteland owners from Southwest Finland came to guard their land.
In the middle of the century, Saint Mary's Church was built, and in the 1370s the building of the fortress at Korsholm, Crysseborgh, was undertaken, and served as an administrative centre of the Vasa County. King Charles IX of Sweden founded the town of Mustasaari/Mussor on 2 October 1606, around the oldest harbour and trade point around the Korsholm church approximately seven kilometres (4.3 miles) to the southeast from the present city. In 1611, the town was chartered and renamed after the Royal House of Vasa.
Thanks to the sea connections, ship building and trade, especially tar trade, Vaasa flourished in the 17th century and most of the inhabitants earned their living from it.
In 1683, the three-subject or Trivial school moved from Nykarleby to Vaasa, and four years later a new schoolhouse was built in Vaasa. The first library in Finland was founded in Vaasa in 1794. In 1793, Vaasa had 2,178 inhabitants, and in the year of the catastrophic town fire of 1852 the number had risen to 3,200. | founded by | 33,922 | 102,036 |
[
"Royal Swedish Opera",
"founded by",
"Gustav III of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Swedish Opera<\e1> and <e2>Gustav III of Sweden<\e2>.
History
The opera company was founded with the Royal Swedish Academy of Music by King Gustav III and its first performance, Thetis and Phelée with Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin, was given on 18 January 1773; this was the first native speaking opera performed in Sweden.
But the first opera house was not opened until 1782 and served for a century before being replaced at the end of the 19th century. Both houses are officially called the "Royal Opera", however the terms "The Gustavian Opera" and "The Oscarian Opera", or the "Old" and "New" Opera are used when distinction is needed. | founded by | 33,923 | 102,038 |
[
"Royal Dramatic Theatre",
"founded by",
"Gustav III of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Dramatic Theatre<\e1> and <e2>Gustav III of Sweden<\e2>.
History
17th and 18th century
The first Swedish theatre opened in Bollhuset and Lejonkulan in 1667 and employed only foreign companies. While the plays were sometimes open to the public, it remained more or less a court theatre. The first Swedish play, Den Svenska Sprätthöken, was performed in 1737 by the first Swedish theatre company. The Swedish theatre was turned out of their playhouse by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia after the 1753–54 season, and the playhouse was given to a French company. In 1771, king Gustav III fired the French company and encouraged Swedish talents, and thus, the Royal Swedish Opera was founded in Bollhuset. A theatre of spoken drama was founded by Fredrik Ristell in the same building in 1787, but was not to last long. In 1788 Ristell fled the country to escape his creditors. The actors formed a company and asked for the king's protection, which led to the establishment of the national theatre.
Sweden's national stage for dramatic art (spoken drama) was established by King Gustav III in 1788. It was then that the Royal Theatre (Kungliga Teatern) in Sweden was officially split in two, and the Royal Theatre (today known as the Royal Swedish Opera) became thereafter solely an opera stage. For spoken drama a new theatre was built specifically, called Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern—the Royal Dramatic Theatre, to distinguish it from the Royal Theatre (the opera stage).
The king became the formal director and placed the theatre under Royal protection, to be ruled by the actors themselves by votes every fourteenth day under the supervision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. This rule was quite chaotic, and the voting is described as capricious and temperamental: "The male actors arguing with each other, one of the ladies voting yes because another lady voted no, others of them counting their buttons and letting fate decide", and in 1803, the actors themselves asked for the system to be replaced by a director.
The Royal Dramatic Theatre was located in the old premises at Bollhuset during its first years, but in 1792, the old building was deemed to be to run down, and 1 November 1793, the theatre was opened in the Palace of Makalös, also called Arsenalen, where the theatre was to be located for the next thirty years; it was now often commonly called the Arsenal Theatre. In 1798, the theatres and operas of Stockholm were united by a royal monopoly, and the "Two Stages" ruled uncontested over the city for over forty years. | founded by | 33,924 | 102,040 |
[
"Royal Stables (Sweden)",
"founded by",
"Gustav I of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Stables (Sweden)<\e1> and <e2>Gustav I of Sweden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,041 |
[
"Oskarshamn",
"founded by",
"Oscar I of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Oskarshamn<\e1> and <e2>Oscar I of Sweden<\e2>.
History
Etymology
Döderhultsvik was the original name before a town charter was granted in 1856. The name was then changed to Oscarshamn (meaning: Oscar's port) after the king Oscar I of Sweden. The spelling has later changed to Oskarshamn. | founded by | 33,925 | 102,042 |
[
"Montreal (castle)",
"founded by",
"Baldwin I of Jerusalem"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Montreal (castle)<\e1> and <e2>Baldwin I of Jerusalem<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,044 |
[
"Montreal (castle)",
"owned by",
"Baldwin I of Jerusalem"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Montreal (castle)<\e1> and <e2>Baldwin I of Jerusalem<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,045 |
[
"Hagaparken",
"founded by",
"Gustav III of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hagaparken<\e1> and <e2>Gustav III of Sweden<\e2>.
History
The master plan for development was originally designed by architect Fredrik Magnus Piper (1746–1824).
Hagaparken has historically been favoured by Swedish royalty, especially Gustav III who founded it and developed it 1780-1797, and by the famous troubadour Carl Michael Bellman, a contemporary of Gustav III, who is much associated with Haga due to the lyrics of his compositions, poems and his writings. The song Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga (The wingéd butterfly is seen in Haga), one of the best-known of Bellman's Fredman's Songs, is entirely dedicated to the park.In 1935, Hagaparken became a state building monument and has been part of Sweden's first national city park, the Royal National City Park, since 1994. Today it is managed by the State Property Agency (Statens fastighetsverk) and the Royal Djurgården Administration (Kungliga Djurgårdens Förvaltning). | founded by | 33,926 | 102,047 |
[
"Humlegården",
"founded by",
"John III of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Humlegården<\e1> and <e2>John III of Sweden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,050 |
[
"Schwerin",
"founded by",
"Henry the Lion"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Schwerin<\e1> and <e2>Henry the Lion<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,052 |
[
"Munich Re",
"founded by",
"Carl von Thieme"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Munich Re<\e1> and <e2>Carl von Thieme<\e2>.
Munich Re Art Collection
The Munich Re Art Collection's history begins with the company's founding by Carl von Thieme, who commissioned artists such as Reinhold Max Eichler and Fritz Erler to decorate the new company headquarters built on Munich's Königinstraße in 1912-13. The Collection was geared to modern art, which from the outset has been successively expanded over the decades with works by important artists. It includes works by Rudolf Belling, Barbara Hepworth, Rupprecht Geiger (“Concave rounded”, 1973), Norbert Kricke and Joseph Beuys.
Purchases for the Collection increased from the mid-1990s. The Walking Man by Jonathan Borofsky has stood outside a Munich Re building on Leopoldstraße since 1995 and has since become a symbol of Munich. Sculptures and installations from the Munich Re Art Collection by artists such as Olafur Eliasson (“Light Curtain”, 2002) and Roxy Paine (“Discrepancy”, 2011) are also found in the public spaces.
Artists like Angela Bulloch, Keith Sonnier and James Turrell have designed light installations for the extensive network of underground passages that link the company's buildings in Schwabing, Munich. | founded by | 33,927 | 102,055 |
[
"Munich Re",
"owned by",
"BlackRock"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Munich Re<\e1> and <e2>BlackRock<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,056 |
[
"Munich Re",
"founded by",
"Wilhelm von Finck"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Munich Re<\e1> and <e2>Wilhelm von Finck<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,057 |
[
"Beuron Archabbey",
"founded by",
"Maurus Wolter"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Beuron Archabbey<\e1> and <e2>Maurus Wolter<\e2>.
History
It was founded by the brothers Maurus and Placidus Wolter. In 1862, with the assistance and support of Princess Katharina of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, they were able to purchase the former Augustinian monastery in Beuron, vacant since 1802. The foundation was coordinated with the Archbishop of Freiburg. While the settlement in Beuron was still being prepared, Maurus Wolter spent three months at the French Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes in the autumn of 1862. Abbot Prosper Guéranger's approach to Gregorian Chant made a deep impression on Wolter.St. Martin's Abbey opened in 1863 as a daughter-house of the Abbey of St. Paul Outside the Walls, with Maurus Wolter as prior. In 1868 Beuron became an abbey and Maurus Wolter was ordained the first abbot. As St. Martin's Abbey began to distance itself from the motherhouse in Rome, it developed closer links with Abbot Prosper Guéranger and Solesmes. Wolter revived the ancient way of interpreting the Psalter, used it in contemporary form and utilized it in the training of novices.In 1872 St. Martin's was able to found a subsidiary monastery in Maredsous, Belgium, with a few monks. Two years later, Maurus over the management of St. Martin's to his brother Placidus.Between 1875 and 1887 because of political conditions during the "Kulturkampf" ("cultural struggle") the monks had to leave. Most relocated to Volders in Austria. Princess von Hohenzollern took care of the administration of the buildings and lands during their absence until the monks could return in 1887. The monks of Beuron used the opportunity to found new communities elsewhere, such as Erdington Abbey in England. In 1880 the Beuron family took over Emmaus Monastery in Prague. In 1883 Seckau Abbey in Austria was resettled by the Benedictines from Beuron. After approval of the constitutions, in 1884 the Beuronese Congregation was founded. It is a member of the Benedictine Confederation.Beuron Abbey was reopened in 1887 and became the seat of the Archabbot and the venue for the annual General Chapter of the Congregation.
Beuron Abbey was a center of the 19th century Liturgical Movement, with Anselm Schott publishing a German translation of the Roman Missal since 1884. After the forced dissolution in the 1870s, Schott ultimately ended up in Maria Laach. The "Schott" German Missals and Prayers of the Faithful are still standard equipment in German parishes.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Beuron Art School, with its emphasis on early Christian and Byzantine art, was influential on religious art of the period. One of the biggest exhibits of this type of art in the United States is at Conception Abbey in Missouri which was founded on principles established by Beuron.
The abbey continues to be a centre of study. The library is the largest monastic library in Germany, with over 400,000 books. Since 1884 the abbey has published the Missale Romanum, a lay missal originally produced by Father Anselm Schott of Beuron. The abbey also houses the Vetus-Latina-Institut (Ancient Latin Institute), which has for its purpose the collection and publication of all extant Old Latin translations of the Bible. | founded by | 33,928 | 102,060 |
[
"Biltmore Forest School",
"founded by",
"Carl A. Schenck"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Biltmore Forest School<\e1> and <e2>Carl A. Schenck<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,061 |
[
"ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg",
"founded by",
"Gazprom"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg<\e1> and <e2>Gazprom<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,063 |
[
"ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg",
"owned by",
"FC Zenit Saint Petersburg"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg<\e1> and <e2>FC Zenit Saint Petersburg<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,064 |
[
"Brunswick Cathedral",
"founded by",
"Henry the Lion"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Brunswick Cathedral<\e1> and <e2>Henry the Lion<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,065 |
[
"Teddy Award",
"founded by",
"Manfred Salzgeber"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Teddy Award<\e1> and <e2>Manfred Salzgeber<\e2>.
History
In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear.
The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas.
The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners.
They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award. | founded by | 33,929 | 102,068 |
[
"Teddy Award",
"founded by",
"Wieland Speck"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Teddy Award<\e1> and <e2>Wieland Speck<\e2>.
History
In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear.
The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas.
The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners.
They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award. | founded by | 33,929 | 102,070 |
[
"International Youth Library",
"founded by",
"Jella Lepman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>International Youth Library<\e1> and <e2>Jella Lepman<\e2>.
History
The Munich library was founded in 1949 by the journalist and author Jella Lepman. The idea was a huge success because of the youth book exhibition in 1946, from which the exhibition material became the basis for the library's collection. On 14 September 1949, the international youth library opened with a collection of over 8000 volumes. Jella Lepman's idea to promote tolerance, reconciliation and understanding of other life forms and cultures with the help of international child and youth books as influential material, was received by the public with great interest. The international youth library serves as an archive of the valuable and rare collection, as well as a place for children's gathering and interacting and to promote its objectives. | founded by | 33,930 | 102,071 |
[
"Duvdevan Unit",
"founded by",
"Ehud Barak"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Duvdevan Unit<\e1> and <e2>Ehud Barak<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,072 |
[
"Temple of Amenhotep IV",
"founded by",
"Tutankamón"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Temple of Amenhotep IV<\e1> and <e2>Tutankamón<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,073 |
[
"Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza",
"founded by",
"Alfon the Battler"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza<\e1> and <e2>Alfon the Battler<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,076 |
[
"Welteislehre",
"founded by",
"Hanns Hörbiger"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Welteislehre<\e1> and <e2>Hanns Hörbiger<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,078 |
[
"Birger Jarls torn",
"founded by",
"Gustav I of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Birger Jarls torn<\e1> and <e2>Gustav I of Sweden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,079 |
[
"James Joyce Tower and Museum",
"founded by",
"John Huston"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>James Joyce Tower and Museum<\e1> and <e2>John Huston<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,081 |
[
"James Joyce Tower and Museum",
"founded by",
"Michael Scott"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>James Joyce Tower and Museum<\e1> and <e2>Michael Scott<\e2>.
History
The tower was leased from the War Office by Joyce's university friend Oliver St. John Gogarty, with the purpose of "Hellenising" Ireland. Joyce stayed there for six days, from 9 to 14 September in 1904. Gogarty later attributed Joyce's abrupt departure to a midnight incident with a loaded revolver.The opening scenes of Ulysses are set the morning after this incident. Gogarty is immortalised as "Stately, plump Buck Mulligan" (the opening words of the novel).The tower now contains a museum dedicated to Joyce and displays some of his possessions and other ephemera associated with Ulysses (e.g., "Plumtree's Potted Meat" pot). The living space is set up to resemble its 1904 appearance, and contains a ceramic panther to represent one seen in a dream by a resident. It is a place of pilgrimage for Joyce enthusiasts, especially on Bloomsday.It was purchased in 1954 by architect Michael Scott who, in 1937, built his house, Geragh, next door, on a former quarry. In 1962, he donated the tower for the purpose of making it a museum. Michael Scott is co-founder, with financial assistance by John Huston, of the James Joyce Museum at the Joyce Tower.The Tower became a museum opening on 16 June 1962 through the efforts of Dublin artist John Ryan. Ryan also rescued the front door to 7 Eccles Street (now at the James Joyce Centre) from demolition and organised, with Brian O'Nolan, the first Bloomsday Celebration in 1954.The James Joyce Tower is open Thursday-Sunday, 10am-4pm Admission is free, though visits can be booked in advance on the website for a small donation. The museum is run by the Friends of Joyce Tower Society on a voluntary basis.
Joyce Tower | founded by | 33,932 | 102,082 |
[
"Gotland Artillery Regiment",
"founded by",
"Charles XIII of Sweden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gotland Artillery Regiment<\e1> and <e2>Charles XIII of Sweden<\e2>.
History
The regiment origins from the Artillery Conscripts of the Gotland National Conscription (Gotlands nationalbevärings artilleribeväring), which were organized in 1811 as a result of the Russian occupation of Gotland in 1808 and by a convention adopted by the islanders in December 1810, which was ratified by King Charles XIII on 5 February 1811. It consisted then of two artillery batteries and a fortification company with a squad of 100 men, located in Visby. The unit was reorganized in 1861 into Gotland National Conscription Artillery Corps (Gotlands nationalbevärings artillerikår) and was given the designation No 4. In 1887 the corps changed its name to Gotland Artillery Corps (No 4). The Gotland Artillery Corps was redesignated No 7 in 1892 so that the planned Norrland Artillery Regiment could become No 4. In 1914 the name was changed to A 7. In conjunction with the so called OLLI reform, which was carried out by the Swedish Armed Forces in 1973 and in 1975, A units and B units were created. The A units were regiments responsible for a defence district, and the B units were training regiments. In Gotland's case, it distinguished itself from the allotment on the mainland. This when the VII. Military Area was reorganized into Gotland Military Command (MKG) in 1966. The military command constituted a special command and control organization within the Eastern Military District, but did not have the overall responsibility for the administration of the island. Furthermore, the professional mobilization was led on a unit level. Through the reform, the full mobilization and material responsibility within the military command was added, regardless of military branch. This meant that the Gotland Artillery Corps which was included in the Gotland Military Command (MKG) came to be a B unit (training regiment). By the reform, the corps adopted the new name Gotland Artillery Regiment on 1 July 1975.Prior to the Defence Act of 1977 and 1982, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted from the investigation carried out by the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management (Försvarets rationaliseringsinstitut). In the Defence Act of 1977, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted because of regional political conditions. Instead the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management believed that the Småland Artillery Regiment (A 6) with the Artillery Cadet and Aspirant School (Artilleriets kadett- och aspirantskola, ArtKAS) as well as the Miloverkstaden in Jönköping would be disbanded. The Supreme Commander and the Chief of the Army, however, believed that no artillery regiment would be disbanded. However, the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management suggested in their investigation to give the Supreme Commander the task of examining the further development of the OLLI organization. In a further development, it wanted to merge Gotland Regiment (P 18), Gotland Artillery Regiment (A 7) and Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion (Lv 2) into an army regiment. Prior to the Defence Act of 1982, the Boden Artillery Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment, Norrland Artillery Regiment, Wendes Artillery Regiment and the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment were exempted from the review of finding a cost reduction within the artillery. The Gotland Artillery Regiment were exempted from the investigation of disbandment, partly because of regional policy considerations but also demands for the war organization's preparedness and mobilization. The merger proposed by the government to the Riksdag in the previous act had not been implemented. This meant that the government once again proposed to the Riksdag to merge the staffs of the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion with the staff of the Gotland Military Command, and form an authority from 1 July 1982.Through the Defence Act of 1992, the Gotland Military Command was separated from the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps, and formed independent units from 1 July 1994. The military command came to only lead all operations on Gotland, which on the mainland were solved by the defense area staffs, division staffs and naval command staffs. Prior to the Defence Act of 2000, the government proposed in its Bill 1999/2000:30 that only one artillery regiment would remain in the basic organization. The regiments which the government wanted to disband included Gotland Artillery Regiment. This in the light that the government considered it unsuitable to centralize the artillery training to Gotland, not least due to the investment needs and the limited opportunities for long-term manpower. Remaining in the artillery of the new basic organization was the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment, this because the government considered that to be the regiment which had the best conditions for long-term training and practice of artillery units. On 30 June 2000, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was disbanded. On 1 July 2000, the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment took the new name, the Artillery Regiment. | founded by | 33,933 | 102,083 |
[
"Darjeeling",
"founded by",
"East India Company"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Darjeeling<\e1> and <e2>East India Company<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,085 |
[
"Bedford School",
"founded by",
"Edward VI of England"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Bedford School<\e1> and <e2>Edward VI of England<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,086 |
[
"Pozzo di San Patrizio",
"founded by",
"Clement VII"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Pozzo di San Patrizio<\e1> and <e2>Clement VII<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,088 |
[
"Order of the Thistle",
"founded by",
"James II of England"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Order of the Thistle<\e1> and <e2>James II of England<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,091 |
[
"G20",
"founded by",
"Paul Martin"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>G20<\e1> and <e2>Paul Martin<\e2>.
History
The G20 is the latest in a series of post–World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "Bretton Woods twins", the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization.The G20 was foreshadowed at the Cologne summit of the G7 in June 1999, and formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on 26 September 1999 with an inaugural meeting on 15–16 December 1999 in Berlin. Canadian finance minister Paul Martin was chosen as the first chairman and German finance minister Hans Eichel hosted the inaugural meeting.A 2004 report by Colin I. Bradford and Johannes F. Linn of the Brookings Institution asserted the group was founded primarily at the initiative of Eichel, the concurrent chair of the G7. However, Bradford later described then-Finance Minister of Canada (and future Prime Minister of Canada) Paul Martin as "the crucial architect of the formation of the G-20 at finance minister level", and as the one who later "proposed that the G-20 countries move to leaders level summits". Canadian academic and journalistic sources have also identified the G20 as a project initiated by Martin and his American counterpart then-Treasury Secretary Larry Summers. All acknowledge, however, that Germany and the United States played a key role in bringing their vision into reality.
Martin and Summers conceived of the G20 in response to the series of massive debt crises that had spread across emerging markets in the late 1990s, beginning with the Mexican peso crisis and followed by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and eventually impacting the United States, most prominently in the form of the collapse of the prominent hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management in the autumn of 1998. It illustrated to them that in a rapidly globalizing world, the G7, G8, and the Bretton Woods system would be unable to provide financial stability, and they conceived of a new, broader permanent group of major world economies that would give a voice and new responsibilities in providing it.The G20 membership was decided by Eichel's deputy Caio Koch-Weser and Summers's deputy Timothy Geithner. According to the political economist Robert Wade: | founded by | 33,934 | 102,092 |
[
"G20",
"founded by",
"G7"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>G20<\e1> and <e2>G7<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,093 |
[
"Mainfranken Theater Würzburg",
"founded by",
"Julius von Soden"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mainfranken Theater Würzburg<\e1> and <e2>Julius von Soden<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,098 |
[
"École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse",
"founded by",
"Paul Sabatier"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse<\e1> and <e2>Paul Sabatier<\e2>.
History
Founded in 1909 by Paul Sabatier, Nobel prize in chemistry, the institute became ENSAT in 1970 and joined forces with INP-ENSIACET and INP-ENSEEIHT to create the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse. | founded by | 33,935 | 102,099 |
[
"Dachser",
"founded by",
"Thomas Dachser"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dachser<\e1> and <e2>Thomas Dachser<\e2>.
Dachser Group SE & Co. KG is a German freight company founded by Thomas Dachser in 1930. Their headquarters are stationed in Kempten in the Allgäu region. In January 2005, Thomas Dachser's grandson, Bernhard Simon, took over as Head of the Management Board. DACHSER is involved in the European Logistics, Air & Sea Logistics and Food Logistics business segments. In contract logistics, the group provides transport, warehousing and value-added services.History of the company
1930 – 1938: Conventional transport
DACHSER started in 1930 during the Great Depression, transporting Allgäu cheese to the Rhineland region , and opened the company's first subsidiary in Memmingen in 1934. This was followed four years later by the opening of a branch in Neuss in the Rhineland, at which time DACHSER had become the leading transport company in the Allgäu region.1939 – 1950: The war and post-war years
In the Second World War, practically the entire vehicle fleet was requisitioned and the drivers enlisted by the state. All of the company's sites were destroyed during the war. Shortly after the end of the war, DACHSER started trading again and, in 1949, “Thomas Dachser Spedition” was added to the commercial registry.
1951 – 1971: Conventional transport company
Growth of the company took off in the 1950s, with a large number of new branches opening in Germany and the addition of international overland, air and sea freight services. DACHSER opened its first air-freight office at Munich Airport in 1951 and, by the end of the decade, employed more than 1,000 people, generating revenue of more than DM 70 million.
In 1969, the company was a founding member of Kombiverkehr KG, the aim of which was to integrate road and rail transport. One of the purposes of the newly established venture was to organize the rail transport of trucks and swap bodies for their partners. This was one of the reasons behind DACHSER opting to change over its entire fleet to swap-body vehicles by 1971. The outside dimensions chosen for the interchangeable carriers were then taken up by other manufacturers and transport companies and became an industry standard.
1972 – 1989: Logistics as a core function
Following the death of the founder, Thomas Dachser, in 1979, the company was inherited by his daughters, Christa Rohde-Dachser and Annemarie Simon.
In 1982, the company started to offer its customers warehousing and transport of temperature-sensitive food products, which was handled by the newly established Fresh Produce (now Food Logistics) division.
1990 – 1999: Logistics optimizes process chains
In 1994 the company introduced the SSCC (Serial Shipping Container Code) for the identification of packages. This barcode became well-established in transport logistics as a unique identification code. DACHSER acquired the French logistics provider, Graveleau, in 1999, enabling the company to expand its network in Europe and North Africa.
2000 – present: Global logistics networks | founded by | 33,936 | 102,100 |
[
"Triumph International",
"founded by",
"Michael Braun"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Triumph International<\e1> and <e2>Michael Braun<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,103 |
[
"Triumph International",
"founded by",
"Johann Gottfried Spiesshofer"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Triumph International<\e1> and <e2>Johann Gottfried Spiesshofer<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,104 |
[
"HOB GmbH & Co KG",
"founded by",
"Horst Brandstätter"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>HOB GmbH & Co KG<\e1> and <e2>Horst Brandstätter<\e2>.
HOB GmbH & Co. KG is part of the Brandstätter Group, which also owns Playmobil and other companies. HOB GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 1964 as an electronics concern, by Horst Brandstätter. The name HOB is an acronym formed from his name. HOB began developing software and terminals for IBM Mainframe computers in 1981. In 1983, HOB brought the world's first multi-session terminal for Mainframes onto the market, the HOB 78E terminal. Among the company’s major customers were MAN, Munich, the OFD Koblenz (Oberfinanzdirektion = Superior Finance Directorate: the central instance for all financial matters of the German state Rhineland-Palatinate), the automakers BMW and Audi, and the German mail-order giant Quelle. Up until 2001, the company produced hard- and software mainly for IBM Mainframes. With the advent of PC’s, terminal hardware sales dropped and, in 2001, HOB discontinued production of the multi-session terminals. Since then, HOB produces software providing remote connectivity for a range of computer operating systems. HOB also provides network infrastructure consultation services.
In October 2018, HOB GmbH & Co. KG went into bankruptcy and self-administration, shortly after closing down its overseas development branch in Malta. | founded by | 33,937 | 102,105 |
[
"Vinmonopolet",
"founded by",
"Stortinget"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Vinmonopolet<\e1> and <e2>Stortinget<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,106 |
[
"Vinmonopolet",
"owned by",
"Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Vinmonopolet<\e1> and <e2>Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 102,108 |
[
"Schlumberger",
"founded by",
"Schlumberger brothers"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Schlumberger<\e1> and <e2>Schlumberger brothers<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,110 |
[
"Taj Mahal",
"founded by",
"Shah Jahan"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Taj Mahal<\e1> and <e2>Shah Jahan<\e2>.
The Taj Mahal (; lit. 'Crown of the Palace') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2023 would be approximately ₹35 billion. The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahori, the emperor's court architect. Various types of symbolism have been employed in the Taj to reflect natural beauty and divinity.
The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7-8 million visitors a year, and in 2007 it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative. | founded by | 33,938 | 102,112 |
[
"Panguana",
"founded by",
"Maria Koepcke"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Panguana<\e1> and <e2>Maria Koepcke<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,115 |
[
"Panguana",
"founded by",
"Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Panguana<\e1> and <e2>Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,116 |
[
"Porta Latina",
"founded by",
"Honorius"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Porta Latina<\e1> and <e2>Honorius<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,117 |
[
"Lateran Obelisk",
"founded by",
"Thutmose IV"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Lateran Obelisk<\e1> and <e2>Thutmose IV<\e2>.
The Lateran Obelisk is the largest standing ancient Egyptian obelisk in the world, and it is also the tallest obelisk in Italy. It originally weighed 413 tonnes (455 short tons), but after collapsing and being re-erected 4 metres (13 ft) shorter, now weighs around 300 tonnes (330 short tons). It is located in Rome, in the square across from the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran and the San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital.
The obelisk was made around 1400 BC in Karnak, Egypt, during the reigns of Pharaohs Thutmose III and Thutmose IV. Roman Emperor Constantius II had it moved to Alexandria in the early 4th century AD, then in AD 357 had it shipped to Rome and erected at the Circus Maximus. The obelisk collapsed sometime after the Circus's abandonment in the 5th century and was buried under mud. It was dug up and restored in the late 1580s, and by the order of Pope Sixtus V was topped with a Christian cross and installed in its present location near the Lateran Palace. | founded by | 33,940 | 102,118 |
[
"Royal Thai Naval Academy",
"founded by",
"Chulalongkorn"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Thai Naval Academy<\e1> and <e2>Chulalongkorn<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,119 |
[
"League of Assassins",
"founded by",
"Ra's al Ghul"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>League of Assassins<\e1> and <e2>Ra's al Ghul<\e2>.
Fictional team history
Under Ebeneezer Darhk's leadership
The League of Assassins was founded by Ra's al Ghul (at 1013 A.D.) to be "the fang that protects the head" (Batgirl #67, 2005). Members of the League demonstrated willingness to die at a word from Ra's. They have included some of the most dangerous assassins in the world including Lady Shiva, David Cain, and Merlyn. For much of its current history, any member who failed in an assassination was in turn targeted by the League. Indeed, one of its best-known members, the master-archer Merlyn, was eventually forced to flee from the League, fearing for his life, having failed to assassinate Batman. In more recent years, this policy has apparently relaxed somewhat.
Ebeneezer Darcel, aka Doctor Darhk, was the first known individual assigned to head the League of Assassins by Ra's al Ghul. Darhk himself was seconded by the Sensei, a martial arts master from Hong Kong. Although many of the League's leaders over the years have been accomplished martial artists, Darhk himself did not depend on physical prowess, and as an assassin he instead relied upon careful planning and manipulation, ambushes and death traps, as well as a variety of cleverly concealed weapons and poisons. Although the League apparently had an inner circle of elite fighters as well as a large number of warriors trained in the martial arts, the League during Darhk's tenure as leader reflected his personal methodology. Following a "falling out" with Ra's (the exact details of which were never made clear) Darhk kidnapped Ra's daughter, Talia al Ghul. Batman became involved in this matter while attempting to bring the League to justice for a number of recent killings. Although he had connected the League to several assassinations over the years, all previous attempts to investigate had met dead-ends. Batman rescued Talia (the first time the two would meet, laying the foundation for all their future interaction) and Darhk died while trying to kill them.Gotham
The League of Shadows first appear in the Gotham episode "Heroes Rise: Destiny Calling." Known members are Ra's al Ghul, Sensei, Anubis, The Hunter, Leila, and Palden. They are revealed to have manipulated the Court of Owls into doing their bidding. Some of its ninjas attacked Fish Mooney, Oswald Cobblepot/Penguin, Hugo Strange, Victor Fries, and Bridgit Pike at a slaughterhouse where Hugo Strange's earlier cures for Alice Tetch's poisonous blood was being held. Most of the ninjas there were killed by Jim Gordon which also ended with Fish Mooney accidentally getting killed. Other ninjas from the League of Assassins were present at the Yuyaun Building when Bruce Wayne first meets Ra's al Ghul. In the episode "A Dark Knight: "One of My Three Soups", the energy that Ra's al Ghul placed in Barbara Kean served as a beacon that called the League of Shadows to her. After the unnamed captain of the League of Shadows (portrayed by Ethan Herschenfeld) doubted Barbara Kean leading them as a female has never led them before, Barbara Kean killed him when he tried to take the title from her. After a brief blackout, the female members (named Sisters of the League) of the League of Shadows led by Leila massacred the weaker members as Barbara plans to make use of the League of Shadows. In the episode "A Dark Knight: To Our Deaths and Beyond", Ra's' loyal followers led by Palden manage to resurrect him. In the episode "A Dark Knight: No Man's Land", the League of Assassins and Jeremiah destroy the bridges out of town, isolating Gotham from the rest of the world. After Gotham City has been evacuated and following Ra's al Ghul's second death, Palden and those with him want to swear their allegiance to Barbara. After Barbara hears from Tabitha about Penguin shooting Butch Gilzean, she states that man is the problem that the world has and has Leila and her female League of Assassins teammates kill Palden and his teammates while using their bodies to establish an all-female territory. In season 5, the Sisters continue to support Barbara following Gotham becoming a No Man's Land. In the episode "Legend of the Dark Knight: I Am Bane", Ra's al Ghul's daughter Nyssa al Ghul arrives to exact revenge on Barbara and Bruce for her father's death while also being the benefactor of Bane's mercenary squad, Delta Force. Nyssa goes to the Sirens Club and kills all of the Sisters for betraying their original leader's goals. Nyssa states the League is "everywhere". This implies there are members stationed around the world despite the deaths of the Sisters and the loyalists. | founded by | 33,941 | 102,120 |
[
"Cai (state)",
"founded by",
"Du of Cai"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Cai (state)<\e1> and <e2>Du of Cai<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 102,121 |
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