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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Government of Alberta",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Canada"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Government of Alberta",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Alberta"
] | The government of Alberta (French: gouvernement de l'Alberta) is the body responsible for the administration of the Canadian province of Alberta. As a constitutional monarchy, the Crown—represented in the province by the lieutenant governor—is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the Crown-in-Council; the legislature, as the Crown-in-Parliament; and the courts, as the Crown-on-the-Bench. The functions of the government are exercised on behalf of three institutions—the Executive Council; the Legislative Assembly; and the judiciary, respectively. Its powers and structure are partly set out in the Constitution Act, 1867.
Alberta operates in the Westminster system of government. The political party or coalition that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature forms government, and the party's leader becomes premier of Alberta and ministers are selected by the premier.
In modern Canadian use, the term Government of Alberta refers specifically to the executive—political ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet/Executive Council) who are appointed on the advice of the premier. Ministers direct the non-partisan civil service, who staff ministries and agencies to deliver government policies, programs, and services. The executive corporately brands itself as the Government of Alberta, or more formally, His Majesty's Government of Alberta (French: Gouvernement de l’Alberta de Sa Majesté).Executive power
The executive power is vested in the Crown and exercised "in-Council", meaning on the advice of the Executive Council; conventionally, this is the Cabinet, which is chaired by the premier and comprises ministers of the Crown. The term Government of Alberta, or more formally, His Majesty's Government refers to the activities of the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council. The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Alberta are performed by the provincial departments and agencies, staffed by the non-partisan public service, and directed by the elected government.Premier
The premier of Alberta is the primary minister of the Crown. The premier acts as the head of government for the province, chairs and selects the membership of the Cabinet, and advises the Crown on the exercise of executive power and much of the royal prerogative. As premiers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly, they typically sit as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and lead the largest party or a coalition in the Assembly. Once sworn in, the premier holds office until either they resign or removed by the lieutenant governor after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election.Danielle Smith has served as Premier since October 11, 2022, when she won the leadership of her United Conservative Party. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Government of Alberta",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Government of Alberta"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Government of Alberta",
"owner of",
"Alberta Legislature Building"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | The Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety (内閣府特命担当大臣（消費者及び食品安全担当), Naikakufu Tokumei Tantou Daijin Shouhisha Oyobi Shokuhin Anzen Tantou), is the member of the Cabinet of Japan in charge of the Consumer Affairs Agency. The position was created along with the agency on September 1, 2009. As of September 11, 2019, the current minister is Seiichi Eto. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety",
"replaces",
"Minister of State for Consumer Affairs"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety",
"replaces",
"Minister of State for Food Safety"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Driving license in Japan",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | In Japan, a driving license (運転免許, Unten menkyo) is required when operating a car, motorcycle or moped on public roads. Driving licenses are issued by the prefectural governments' public safety commissions and are overseen on a nationwide basis by the National Police Agency.For example: | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | The Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC) (航空・鉄道事故調査委員会, Kōkū-tetsudōjiko chōsa iinkai) was a commission belonging to Japan′s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Members of the commission were appointed by the transport minister to investigate the causes of aircraft and railway accidents and to make recommendations on improvements to prevent similar accidents. It was housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office at 2-1-2 Kasumigasaeki in Chiyoda, Tokyo.It was founded on October 1, 2001, replacing the Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission. After a train accident occurred on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line on March 8, 2000 the former AAIC was restructured to ARAIC to also deal with railway accidents.The Japan Transport Safety Board began on October 1, 2008 as a merger between the Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (JMAIA) and the ARAIC. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission",
"replaces",
"Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Local Autonomy Act",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | The Local Autonomy Law (地方自治法, Chihō-jichi-hō), passed by the House of Representatives and the House of Peers on March 28, 1947 and promulgated as Law No. 67 of 1947 on April 17, is an Act of devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures and administrative divisions, including prefectures, municipalities and other entities. On July 16, 1999, the law was amended to eliminate administrative functions imposed upon local governments by the central governments and to establish Committee for Settling National-Local Disputes. The law and other relevant laws have been amended after the revision to promote decentralization. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Local Autonomy Act",
"replaces",
"Tōkyō tosei"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Local Autonomy Act",
"main subject",
"local public entity"
] | The Local Autonomy Law (地方自治法, Chihō-jichi-hō), passed by the House of Representatives and the House of Peers on March 28, 1947 and promulgated as Law No. 67 of 1947 on April 17, is an Act of devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures and administrative divisions, including prefectures, municipalities and other entities. On July 16, 1999, the law was amended to eliminate administrative functions imposed upon local governments by the central governments and to establish Committee for Settling National-Local Disputes. The law and other relevant laws have been amended after the revision to promote decentralization. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Five Public Notices",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | Contents of the Five Public Notices
Notice #1: Adherence to the five relationships of Confucianism
Notice #2: Prohibition of conspiracy, presenting direct petitions, and abandoning one’s land to escape taxation
Notice #3: Strict prohibition of Christianity
Notice #4: Prohibition of injury to foreigners
Notice #5: Ban on travel outside Japan | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Minister of Digital Government",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Canada"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Minister of Digital Government",
"officeholder",
"Joyce Murray"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Flag of Japan",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Flag of Japan",
"depicts",
"Sun"
] | History
Ancient to medieval
The exact origin of the Hinomaru is unknown, but the rising sun has carried symbolic meaning since the early 7th century (the Japanese archipelago is east of the Asian mainland, and is thus where the sun "rises"). In 607, an official correspondence that began with "from the Emperor of the rising sun" was sent to Chinese Emperor Yang of Sui. Japan is often referred to as "the land of the rising sun".The sun is closely related to the Imperial family, as legend states the imperial throne was descended from the sun goddess Amaterasu. The religion, which is categorized as the ancient Ko-Shintō religion of the Japanese people, includes nature worship and animism, and the faith has been worshiping the sun, especially in agriculture and fishing. The Imperial God, Amaterasu-ōmikami, is the sun goddess. From the Yayoi period (300 BCE) to the Kofun period (250 CE) (Yamato period), the Naiko Kamonkyo (内行花文鏡, a large bronze mirror with patterns like a flower-petal manufactured in Japan) was used as a celebration of the shape of the shining sun and there is a theory that one of the Three Sacred Treasures, Yata no Kagami, is used like this mirror.During the eastern expedition (Jinmu tosei), Emperor Jimmu's brother Itsuse no Mikoto was killed in a battle against the local chieftain Nagasunehiko ("the long-legged man") in Naniwa (modern-day Osaka). Emperor Jimmu realized, as descendants of the sun, that he did not want to fight towards the sun (to the east), but to fight from the sun (to the west). So his clan went to the east side of Kii Peninsula to battle westward. They reached Kumano (or Ise) and went towards Yamato. They were victorious at the second battle with Nagasunehiko and conquered the Kinki region.The use of the sun-shaped flag was thought to have taken place since the emperor's direct imperial rule (親政) was established after the Isshi Incident in 645 (first year of the Taika (era)).The Japanese history text Shoku Nihongi, completed in 797, has the first recorded use of the sun-motif flag by Emperor Monmu's Chōga (朝賀, 'new year's greetings ceremony') in 701 (the first year of the Taihō era). For the decoration of the ceremony hall on New Year's Day the Nissho (日像, 'the flag with the golden sun') was raised.One prominent theory is influenced by the results of the Genpei War (1180–1185). Until the Heian period, the Nishiki flag (Nishiki no mihata 錦の御旗), a symbol of the Imperial Court, had a golden sun circle and a silver moon circle on a red background. At the end of the Heian era, the Taira clan called themselves a government army and used the red flag with a gold circle (赤地金丸) as per the Imperial Court. The Genji (Minamoto clan) were in opposition so they used a white flag with a red circle (白地赤丸) when they fought the Genpei War (1180–1185). When the Taira clan was defeated, the samurai government (bakufu, 幕府) was formed by the Genji. The warlords who came after such as Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu realized they were successors of Genji so they raised the Hinomaru flag in battle.In the 12th-century work, The Tale of the Heike, it was written that different samurai carried drawings of the sun on their fans. One legend related to the national flag is attributed to the Buddhist priest Nichiren. Supposedly, during a 13th-century Mongolian invasion of Japan, Nichiren gave a sun banner to the shōgun to carry into battle.During the Battle of Nagashino (28 June 1575), Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu's allied forces fought Takeda Katsuyori. Both Nobunaga and Ieyasu had their own flags with family crests, but they also held the Hinomaru. On the other hand, the Takeda clan side also raised the Hinomaru. So the Hinomaru was used as a national symbol.One of Japan's oldest flags is housed at the Unpo-ji temple in Kōshū city, Yamanashi Prefecture. Legend states it was given by Emperor Go-Reizei to Minamoto no Yoshimitsu and has been treated as a family treasure by the Takeda clan for the past 1,000 years, and at least it is older than 16th century.
In the 16th century unification period, each daimyō had flags that were used primarily in battle. Most of the flags were long banners usually charged with the mon (family crest) of the daimyō lord. Members of the same family, such as a son, father, and brother, had different flags to carry into battle. The flags served as identification and were displayed by soldiers on their backs and horses. Generals also had their own flags, most of which differed from soldiers' flags due to their square shape.In 1854, during the Tokugawa shogunate, Japanese ships were ordered to hoist the Hinomaru to distinguish themselves from foreign ships. Before then, different types of Hinomaru flags were used on vessels that were trading with the U.S. and Russia. The Hinomaru was decreed the merchant flag of Japan in 1870 and was the legal national flag from 1870 to 1885, making it the first national flag Japan adopted.While the idea of national symbols was strange to the Japanese, the Meiji Government needed them to communicate with the outside world. This became especially important after the landing of U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry in Yokohama Bay. Further Meiji Government implementations gave more identifications to Japan, including the anthem Kimigayo and the imperial seal. In 1885, all previous laws not published in the Official Gazette of Japan were abolished. Because of this ruling by the new cabinet of Japan, the Hinomaru was the de facto national flag since no law was in place after the Meiji Restoration. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Flag of Japan",
"depicts",
"field"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Flag of Japan",
"depicts",
"roundel"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Flag of Japan",
"topic's main category",
"Category:National flag of Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"45th Canadian federal election",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Canada"
] | The 45th Canadian federal election will take place on or before October 20, 2025, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 45th Canadian Parliament.
The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election. In addition to the statutory fixed election date provisions, Canada has a constitutional requirement specified in both section 50 of the Constitution Act, 1867 and section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that elections for the House of Commons must be held no more than five years after the preceding election.
The election may occur before the scheduled date if the governor general dissolves Parliament on the recommendation of the prime minister for a snap election, for example after the House of Commons passes a motion of no confidence in the government. Early elections are more likely to occur during minority governments because the prime minister does not control a majority in the House of Commons.The election will potentially be the first contested using a new 343-constituency electoral map based on the 2021 Canadian census. New electoral boundary sets for each of the ten provinces were finalized between February 14, 2023 and July 8, 2023, and are expected to be officially proclaimed in September 2023. If this schedule is maintained, any election that occurs after April 2024 will use the new boundaries, while any called prior will re-use the 338-seat boundary set presently in force. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"45th Canadian federal election",
"follows",
"2021 Canadian federal election"
] | Background
The 2021 Canadian federal election, held on September 20 that year, resulted in the incumbent Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, retaining government and their minority status parliament, whilst also picking up five more seats than they had at dissolution. On September 27, Annamie Paul announced that she was resigning as the Green Party leader; on November 10, she stated she had formally resigned and left the Green Party. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs",
"main subject",
"freedom of information"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution",
"main subject",
"constitutional amendment"
] | Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution is a clause in the national Constitution of Japan specifying the process for making amendments. Details of the process is determined by the Diet Act and the Act on Procedures for Amendment of the Constitution of Japan. The Constitution has remained unchanged since coming into effect on May 3, 1947, and many politicians are calling for a revision of Article 96 so that they can begin revising other, more central Articles (like Article 9). | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution",
"follows",
"Article 95 of the Japanese Constitution"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution",
"followed by",
"Article 97 of the Japanese Constitution"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"2016 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2016 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"follows",
"2013 Japanese House of Councillors election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2016 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"followed by",
"2019 Japanese House of Councillors election"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Department of Finance Canada",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Canada"
] | The Department of Finance Canada (French: Ministère des Finances Canada) is a central agency of the Government of Canada. The department assists the minister of finance in developing the government's fiscal framework and advises the government on economic and financial issues. A principal role of the department is assisting the government in the development of its annual budget.The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of finance (Chrystia Freeland since August 2020, concurrently serving as the deputy prime minister of Canada) and the associate minister of finance (Randy Boissonnault since October 2021, concurrently serving as the minister of tourism). The day-to-day operations of the department are directed by the deputy minister of finance (a public servant), presently Michael Sabia.The department is headquartered in the James Michael Flaherty Building in downtown Ottawa at the corner of Elgin and Albert. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Department of Finance Canada",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Department of Finance Canada"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"GreenNet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Europe"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"GreenNet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Africa"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"GreenNet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"South Asia"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Date and time notation in Canada",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Canada"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2019 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Japan"
] | House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 21 July 2019 to elect 124 of the 245 members of the House of Councillors, the upper house of the then 710-member bicameral National Diet, for a term of six years.
74 members were elected by single non-transferable vote (SNTV)/First-past-the-post (FPTP) voting in 45 multi- and single-member prefectural electoral districts. The nationwide district elected 50 members by D'Hondt proportional representation with optionally open lists, the previous most open list system was modified in 2018 to give parties the option to prioritize certain candidates over the voters' preferences in the proportional election.The election saw Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's ruling coalition lose the two-thirds majority needed to enact constitutional reform. The Liberal Democratic Party also lost its majority in the House of Councillors, but the LDP maintained control of the House of Councillors with its junior coalition partner Komeito. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"2019 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"followed by",
"2022 Japanese House of Councillors election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2019 Japanese House of Councillors election",
"follows",
"2016 Japanese House of Councillors election"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Norway"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Redningsselskapet"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Judiciary of Norway",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Norway"
] | The judiciary of Norway is hierarchical with the Supreme Court at the apex. The conciliation boards only hear certain types of civil cases. The district courts are deemed to be the first instance of the Courts of Justice. Jury (high) courts are the second instance, and the Supreme Court is the third instance.Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is Norway's highest court of justice and the instance of appeal for verdicts handed down by courts of a lower level. The court is situated in Oslo. The decisions made here are final and cannot be appealed or complained against. The only exception is for cases that can be brought before the Court for Human Rights in Strasbourg. The King of Norway has sole authority to appoint judges to the country’s Supreme Court and other senior courts. He does so on the advice of the country's Judicial Appointments Board, a body whose members are also appointed by the King.Courts of appeal
The country is divided into six appellate districts. Each court of appeal (Norwegian: lagmannsrett) is headed by a senior judge president and each court of appeal has several appellate judges. The courts are:Borgarting Court of Appeal in Oslo
Eidsivating Court of Appeal in Hamar
Agder Court of Appeal in Skien
Gulating Court of Appeal in Bergen
Frostating Court of Appeal in Trondheim
Hålogaland Court of Appeal in TromsøAdministration
The Ministry of Justice and Public Security is the government ministry in charge of justice, police and domestic intelligence.
The Norwegian Courts Administration is the government agency responsible for the management and operations of the courts. It is purely an administrative organisation, and does not interfere with the judicial processes nor the appointment of judges or other judicial positions in the court system.
Norwegian prisons are humane rather than tough with emphasis on rehabilitation. At 20% Norway's reconviction rate is among the lowest in the world. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Judiciary of Norway",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Judiciary of Norway"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Norway"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"State Conciliator of Norway",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Norway"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"English statute mile",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"English statute mile",
"different from",
"mile"
] | The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards. The statute mile was standardised between the British Commonwealth and the United States by an international agreement in 1959, when it was formally redefined with respect to SI units as exactly 1,609.344 metres.
With qualifiers, mile is also used to describe or translate a wide range of units derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman mile (roughly 1.48 km), such as the nautical mile (now 1.852 km exactly), the Italian mile (roughly 1.852 km), and the Chinese mile (now 500 m exactly). The Romans divided their mile into 5,000 pedēs ("feet"), but the greater importance of furlongs in the Elizabethan-era England meant that the statute mile was made equivalent to 8 furlongs or 5,280 feet in 1593. This form of the mile then spread across the British Empire, some successor states of which continue to employ the mile. The US Geological Survey now employs the metre for official purposes, but legacy data from its 1927 geodetic datum has meant that a separate US survey mile (6336/3937 km) continues to see some use, although it was officially phased out in 2022. While most countries replaced the mile with the kilometre when switching to the International System of Units (SI), the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories or have close historical ties with the UK or US. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"English statute mile",
"different from",
"international mile"
] | The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards. The statute mile was standardised between the British Commonwealth and the United States by an international agreement in 1959, when it was formally redefined with respect to SI units as exactly 1,609.344 metres.
With qualifiers, mile is also used to describe or translate a wide range of units derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman mile (roughly 1.48 km), such as the nautical mile (now 1.852 km exactly), the Italian mile (roughly 1.852 km), and the Chinese mile (now 500 m exactly). The Romans divided their mile into 5,000 pedēs ("feet"), but the greater importance of furlongs in the Elizabethan-era England meant that the statute mile was made equivalent to 8 furlongs or 5,280 feet in 1593. This form of the mile then spread across the British Empire, some successor states of which continue to employ the mile. The US Geological Survey now employs the metre for official purposes, but legacy data from its 1927 geodetic datum has meant that a separate US survey mile (6336/3937 km) continues to see some use, although it was officially phased out in 2022. While most countries replaced the mile with the kilometre when switching to the International System of Units (SI), the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories or have close historical ties with the UK or US.Nautical
The nautical mile was originally defined as one minute of arc along a meridian of the Earth. Navigators use dividers to step off the distance between two points on the navigational chart, then place the open dividers against the minutes-of-latitude scale at the edge of the chart, and read off the distance in nautical miles. The Earth is not perfectly spherical but an oblate spheroid, so the length of a minute of latitude increases by 1% from the equator to the poles. Using the WGS84 ellipsoid, the commonly accepted Earth model for many purposes today, one minute of latitude at the WGS84 equator is 6,046 feet and at the poles is 6,107.5 feet. The average is about 6,076 feet (about 1,852 metres or 1.15 statute miles).
In the United States, the nautical mile was defined in the 19th century as 6,080.2 feet (1,853.249 m), whereas in the United Kingdom, the Admiralty nautical mile was defined as 6,080 feet (1,853.184 m) and was about one minute of latitude in the latitudes of the south of the UK. Other nations had different definitions of the nautical mile, but it is now internationally defined to be exactly 1,852 metres (6,076.11548556 feet). | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Portable Antiquities Scheme",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Portable Antiquities Scheme",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Wales"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Devolved English parliament",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | A devolved English parliament is a proposed institution that would give separate decision-making powers to representatives for voters in England, similar to the representation given by the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. A devolved English parliament is an issue in the politics of the United Kingdom.
Public opinion surveys have resulted in widely differing conclusions on public support for the establishment of a devolved English parliament. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Devolved English parliament",
"different from",
"Parliament of England"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Amicable Grant",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Section 213 of the Norwegian Penal Code",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Norway"
] | Section 213 of the Norwegian Penal Code was a provision of the Norwegian Penal Code that defined sexual intercourse between men as well as between people and animals as a crime. The section was repealed on April 21, 1972. It was, among other things, the sodomy law of Norway.
The provision read: | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Injunctions in English law",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | Injunctions in English law are a legal remedy of three types. Prohibitory injunctions prevent an individual or group from beginning or continuing actions which threaten or breach the legal rights of another. Mandatory injunctions are rarer and compel a person to carry out a certain act such as make restitution to an injured party. Freezing injunctions relate to funds such as bank accounts and are commonly Mareva Injunctions which are sought mainly in fraud, breach of trust and confiscatory proceedings. Injunctions are most common in cases involving significant matters of nuisance, privacy and libel (reputational damage); they are relatively common remedies in major employment/agency/distribution, trust and property disputes, especially interim, interlocutory injunctions pending settlement or final hearing, whichever is the earlier where there is a clear and present danger that the matter in dispute between the parties will be wholly frustrated (such as irretrievably removed outside of the jurisdiction) if the injunction is not imposed. A final hearing only may impose a final injunction which may be equivalent to undertakings given in a legally binding settlement document.Types of Injunction
There are a number of different types of injunction available:Freezing injunctions
Search injunction
Springboard injunctions
Orders directing a party to provide information about the location of property or assets
Orders requiring delivery up of property under section 4 of the Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977Privacy
Anonymised injunctions in English law
Super-injunctions in English law
Hyper-injunctions in English law
Contra mundum injunction | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Injunctions in English law",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Injunctions in English law"
] | Privacy
Anonymised injunctions in English law
Super-injunctions in English law
Hyper-injunctions in English law
Contra mundum injunction | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Land Tax (England)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"National Curriculum for England",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | The National Curriculum for England was first introduced by the Education Reform Act 1988. At the time of its introduction the legislation applied to both England and Wales. However, education later became a devolved matter for the Welsh government. The National Curriculum is a set of subjects and standards used by primary and secondary schools so children learn the same things. It covers what subjects are taught and the standards children should reach in each subject.
The statutory National Curriculum in force as of 2022 dates from 2014, when it was introduced to most year groups across primary and secondary education. Some elements were introduced in September 2015. The National Curriculum sets out the content matter which must be taught in a number of subjects in "local authority–maintained schools". | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Marine Management Organisation",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"significant person",
"George Forrest"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"significant person",
"Isaac Bayley Balfour"
] | Notable staff and residents
John Hope, Keeper of the Leith Walk site
John Mackay (1772-1802), laid out the Leith Walk site
Dr William Roxburgh, Keeper in 1814
Francis Buchanan, Keeper from 1814 to 1829
Cosmo Innes, original owner of Inverleith House
Daniel Rutherford, Keeper
William Wright Smith, Regius Keeper
Robert Graham, Regius Keeper
Roland Edgar Cooper, curator
George Taylor, director
John Hutton Balfour, lived in Inverleith House
Isaac Bayley Balfour, linked to site
William Evans, born here (son of William Wilson Evans, Curator)
Harold Roy Fletcher, Regius Keeper
William Gregor MacKenzie, Curator, Chelsea Physic Garden
Matthew Young Orr, botanist
Douglas Mackay Henderson, 12th Regius Keeper | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"significant person",
"Nathaniel Wolff Wallich"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"significant person",
"Isobel Wylie Hutchison"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh",
"significant person",
"Christian Ramsay"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Court of the Lord Lyon",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Court of the Lord Lyon (the Lyon Court) (Scottish Gaelic: Cùirt an Lyon) is a standing court of law, based in New Register House in Edinburgh, which regulates heraldry in Scotland. The Lyon Court maintains the register of grants of arms, known as the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, as well as records of genealogies.
The Lyon Court is a public body, and the fees for grants of arms are paid to HM Treasury. It is headed by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who must be legally qualified, as he has criminal jurisdiction in heraldic matters, and the court is fully integrated into the Scottish legal system, including having a dedicated prosecutor, known in Scotland as a procurator fiscal.
Its equivalent in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, in terms of awarding arms, is the College of Arms, which is a royal corporation and not a court of law. The High Court of Chivalry is a civil court in England and Wales with jurisdiction over cases dealing with heraldry.Lord Lyon
The Lord Lyon King of Arms is the chief heraldic officer of Scotland and Great Officer of State and a judge in the judiciary of Scotland. The Lord Lyon's judicial duties concerning Scottish heraldic business and heraldic laws are conducted through the machinery of the Court of the Lord Lyon. The Court exercises both civil and penal jurisdiction under the old Common Law of Scotland and many Acts of Parliament.The Lord Lyon has administrative functions, and is responsible for granting commissions to Messengers-at-Arms. The power to appoint the Lord Lyon is vested in the Monarch of the United Kingdom by section 3 of the Lyon King of Arms Act 1867. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Court of the Lord Lyon",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Court of the Lord Lyon"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland is a post in Scotland whose main task is to promote and safeguard the rights of children and young people. The position, equivalent to the Children's Ombudsman agencies of many other countries, was established by the Commissioner for Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2003. The current Commissioner is Bruce Adamson. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet is a private society of Scottish solicitors, dating back to 1594 and part of the College of Justice. Writers to the Signet originally had special privileges in relation to the drawing up of documents required to be signeted, but these have since disappeared and the Society is now an independent, non-regulatory association of solicitors. The Society maintains the Category A listed Signet Library, part of the Parliament House complex in Edinburgh, and members of the Society are entitled to the postnominal letters WS.History
Solicitors in Scotland were previously known as "writers"; Writers to the Signet were the solicitors entitled to supervise use of the King's Signet, the private seal of the early Kings of Scots. Records of that use date back to 1369. In 1532, the Writers to the Signet were included as Members in the newly established College of Justice, along with the Faculty of Advocates and the Clerks of the Court of Session. The Society was established in 1594, when the King's Secretary, as Keeper of the Signet, gave commissions to a Deputy Keeper and 18 other writers.Writers to the Signet began as clerks to the Keeper of the Signet, and were afforded the privileges of freedom from taxation by the Burgh of Edinburgh, exemption from military duty, and rights of audience before the bar of the College of Justice. Writers were involved in drawing up summonses to the Court of Session. Writers were, however, de jure prohibited from acting as procurators but de facto this was often ignored.In 1599 it was proposed that the Faculty of Advocates and the Society of Writers be merged into a single organisation, but the Writers were against it. Such an idea was again proposed in 1633, but the Writers again opposed it.In civil actions in the Court of Session a pursuer is required to have his writ stamped with the Signet to give him authority from the monarch to serve the writ on the defender. That conferral, called "passing the Signet," was previously carried out by the Signet Office, the administration of which was one of the Society's responsibilities. In 1976 the Signet Office was merged into the General Department of the Court of Session and the Society was relieved of any responsibility for it. Nevertheless, the requirement of "passing the Signet" survives. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Scottish Fire and Rescue Service",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS; Scottish Gaelic: Seirbheis Smàlaidh agus Teasairginn na h-Alba) is the national fire and rescue service of Scotland. It was formed by the merger of eight regional fire services in the country on 1 April 2013. It thus became the largest fire brigade in the United Kingdom, surpassing the London Fire Brigade. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Scottish Certificate of Education",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Scottish Certificate of Education (or SCE) was a Scottish secondary education certificate, used in schools and sixth form institutions, from 1962 until 1999. It replaced the older Junior Secondary Certificate (JSC) and the Scottish Leaving Certificate (SLC), and it was the Scottish equivalent of the General Certificate of Education (or GCE), used in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. One primary distinction between the Scottish Leaving Certificate and the Scottish Certificate of Education was that the latter had less strict regulations in terms of compulsory subjects and workload of the individual curricula. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Scottish Qualifications Certificate",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Scottish Qualifications Certificate (SQC) is the successor to the Scottish Certificate of Education and the Record of Education and Training, and is the main educational qualification awarded to students in secondary, further, and vocational education. The SQC is awarded by the Scottish Qualifications Authority. It forms part of the wider array of qualifications available in the Scottish education system, including Scottish Vocational Qualifications, Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas. Each level is fully integrated with the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework and the three upper levels are awarded UCAS Tariff Points.
The SQC recognises performance in National Qualifications, Higher National Qualifications, Scottish Vocational Qualifications and other awards. As it is not part of the National Qualifications Framework of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, it is not available to state schools there, but students from other nations do study for the qualification. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Scottish Qualifications Certificate",
"replaces",
"Scottish Certificate of Education"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Sir William Sutherland Cup",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"VisitScotland",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | VisitScotland, formerly the Scottish Tourist Board (Scottish Gaelic: Bòrd Turasachd na h-Alba), is a national tourism organisation for Scotland. It is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government, with offices in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Inverness, and other parts of Scotland.Among the organisation's tasks is the attraction of visitors to Scotland through advertising and promotional campaigns. VisitScotland also manages a number of quality grading schemes for tourist accommodation and attractions. The organisation also operates the VisitScotland.com website which provides bookings and information service for visitors to Scotland. From 2001 this website was operated as a public-private partnership venture, though this venture (and the website) was brought back into public ownership in 2008. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Scottish Ambulance Service",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Scottish Ambulance Service (Scottish Gaelic: Seirbheis Ambaileans na h-Alba) is part of NHS Scotland, which serves all of Scotland's population. The Scottish Ambulance Service is governed by a special health board and is funded directly by the Health and Social Care Directorates of the Scottish Government.It is the sole public emergency medical service covering Scotland's mainland and islands; providing a paramedic-led accident and emergency service to respond to 999 calls, a patient transport service which provides transport to lower-acuity patients, and provides for a wide variety of supporting roles including air medical services, specialist operations including response to HAZCHEM or CBRN incidents and specialist transport and retrieval.History
In 1948, the newly formed Scottish National Health Service (NHS) contracted two voluntary organisations, the St Andrew's Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross, to jointly provide a national ambulance provision for Scotland, known then as the St Andrew's and Red Cross Scottish Ambulance Service.After British Red Cross withdrew from the service in 1967, the service was renamed the St Andrew's Scottish Ambulance Service. In 1974, with the reorganisation of the Scottish health services, ambulance provision in Scotland was taken over by the Scottish NHS, with the organisational title being shortened to the current Scottish Ambulance Service.St. Andrew's First Aid, the trading name of St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, continues as a voluntary organisation and provides first aid training and provision in a private capacity.The organisation was established as a NHS trust on 1 April 1995 when it legally became known as the Scottish Ambulance Service National Health Service Trust. The trust was dissolved on 1 April 1999 and at the same time constituted as a special health board known as the Scottish Ambulance Service Board. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Emergency Medical Retrieval Service",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Bòrd na Gàidhlig",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | Bòrd na Gàidhlig (pronounced [ˈpɔːrˠt̪ nə ˈkaːlɪkʲ] (listen), lit. 'Gaelic Board') is the executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government with responsibility for Gaelic. It was established by an Act of the Scottish Parliament in 2005 (which took effect in early 2006) and is based in Inverness.Structure
Bòrd na Gàidhlig is a non-departmental public body constituted of members of the board, whose role is "to provide leadership, direction, support and guidance" to the body, and staff who are typically full-time public sector employees and who carry out the day-to-day work of the body. The head of the board is the cathraiche (chairperson) and the head of the staff is the ceannard (chief executive).The current ceannard is Shona NicIlleathain; a non-native Gaelic speaker, she studied the language at the University of Edinburgh and Sabhal Mòr Ostaig and had worked at the Bòrd for twenty years prior to taking over the office in June 2016. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Scottish Young Liberals",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | Scottish Young Liberals (formerly referred to as Liberal Youth Scotland or LYS) is the Youth and Student wing of the Scottish Liberal Democrats. Reformed from the Scottish Young Liberal Democrats in 2008 and Liberal Youth Scotland in 2017, the organisation has taken a prominent role in party conferences. Its membership is open to any member of the Liberal Democrats living, working or studying in Scotland and is either under 30 years of age or in full or part-time education above that age.SYL has branches across Scotland including various Universities, and seeks to promote the work and campaigning of the party and SYL. It is also a part of the UK Federal Young Liberals. The current Chair Leo Dempster acting following the resignation of Jack Clark in January 2023. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Dewar government",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Enterprise and Lifelong Learning"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Children and Education"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Social Inclusion, Local Government and Housing"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Finance"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Health and Community Care"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Chief Whip and Government Business Manager"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Rural Affairs"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Transport and the Environment"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Minister for Justice"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"First Minister of Scotland"
] | Donald Dewar formed the Dewar government on 13 May 1999 following his appointment as the inaugural First Minister of Scotland. The first devolved executive of Scotland, it consisted of Scottish Labour and the Scottish Liberal Democrats, who formed a coalition on 14 May 1999. The government dissolved and was succeeded by the McLeish government in the aftermath of Dewar's death on 11 October 2000. | null | null | null | null | 14 |
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Lord Advocate"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Dewar government",
"followed by",
"McLeish ministry"
] | Donald Dewar formed the Dewar government on 13 May 1999 following his appointment as the inaugural First Minister of Scotland. The first devolved executive of Scotland, it consisted of Scottish Labour and the Scottish Liberal Democrats, who formed a coalition on 14 May 1999. The government dissolved and was succeeded by the McLeish government in the aftermath of Dewar's death on 11 October 2000. | null | null | null | null | 16 |
[
"Dewar government",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Deputy First Minister of Scotland"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Marine Directorate (Scottish Government)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Scotland"
] | The Scottish Government's Marine Directorate (Scottish Gaelic: Cùisean Mara na h-Alba) is responsible for managing Scotland's seas and freshwater fisheries along with delivery partners NatureScot and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency.From April 2009 until June 2023, the directorate was known as Marine Scotland.
The Marine Directorate provides management and research of devolved responsibilities such as:Licensing of marine activities.
Sea fisheries.
Salmon and recreational fishing.
Marine renewable energy.
Marine conservation.
Marine spatial planning.
Scientific research including sea and freshwater fisheries.
Enforcement of marine and fisheries law. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Marine Directorate (Scottish Government)",
"replaces",
"Fisheries Research Services"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
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