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stringlengths 17
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12,763,289 | Are plasma coenzyme Q10 reference intervals , but not redox status , affected by gender and race in self-reported healthy adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Abnormal concentrations of coenzyme Q(10) have been reported in many patient groups, including certain cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, renal, and metabolic diseases. However, controls in these studies are often limited in number, poorly screened, and inadequately evaluated statistically. The purpose of this study is to determine the reference intervals of plasma concentrations of ubiquinone-10, ubiquinol-10, and total coenzyme Q(10) for self-reported healthy adults.",
"Adults (n=148), who were participants in the Princeton Prevalence Follow-up Study, were identified as healthy by questionnaire. Lipid profiles, ubiquinone-10, ubiquinol-10, and total coenzyme Q(10) concentrations were measured in plasma. The method used to determine the reference intervals is a procedure incorporating outlier detection followed by robust point estimates of the appropriate quantiles.",
"Significant differences between males and females were present for ubiquinol-10 and total coenzyme Q(10). Blacks had significantly higher Q(10) measures than whites in all cases except for the ubiquinol-10/total Q(10) fraction."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Coenzymes",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Reference Values",
"Sex Factors",
"Smoking",
"Ubiquinone"
]
} | The fraction of ubiquinol-10/total coenzyme Q(10) is a tightly regulated measure in self-reported healthy adults, and is independent of sex and racial differences. Different reference intervals for certain coenzyme Q(10) measures may need to be established based upon sex and racial characteristics. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma coenzyme Q10 reference intervals , but not redox status , affected by gender and race in self-reported healthy adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Abnormal concentrations of coenzyme Q(10) have been reported in many patient groups, including certain cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, renal, and metabolic diseases. However, controls in these studies are often limited in number, poorly screened, and inadequately evaluated statistically. The purpose of this study is to determine the reference intervals of plasma concentrations of ubiquinone-10, ubiquinol-10, and total coenzyme Q(10) for self-reported healthy adults.', 'Adults (n=148), who were participants in the Princeton Prevalence Follow-up Study, were identified as healthy by questionnaire. Lipid profiles, ubiquinone-10, ubiquinol-10, and total coenzyme Q(10) concentrations were measured in plasma. The method used to determine the reference intervals is a procedure incorporating outlier detection followed by robust point estimates of the appropriate quantiles.', 'Significant differences between males and females were present for ubiquinol-10 and total coenzyme Q(10). Blacks had significantly higher Q(10) measures than whites in all cases except for the ubiquinol-10/total Q(10) fraction.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Coenzymes', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Ubiquinone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,133 | Does p16 ( INK4a ) induce differentiation and apoptosis in erythroid lineage cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Hematopoiesis is regulated by proliferation, differentiation, and death. p16(INK4a) has been reported to regulate apoptosis and differentiation of diverse cells, as well as arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. The aim of this study is to explore the properties of p16 in apoptosis and differentiation of erythroid cells.",
"We transfected the INK4a gene to K562 cells, which defect the INK4a gene, and compared the effect of enforced expression of p16(INK4a) with that of various additives, topoisomerase I inhibitor (SN 38), interferon-alpha, phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor (LY294002), and serum deprivation, which arrest cell cycle at different phases. We also investigated the role of p16(INK4a) in normal day-6 human erythroid colony-forming cells by transfecting the INK4a gene.",
"p16(INK4a) induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted erythroid differentiation in viable K562 cells, but induced apoptosis in K562 cells with incomplete differentiation. The apoptosis induced by p16 was accompanied with downregulation of bcl-x and nuclear NF-kappaB. These findings were not observed in K562 cells treated with various additives. p16(INK4a) decreased the cell viability and promoted apoptosis in day-9 ECFC."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Division",
"Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16",
"Erythropoiesis",
"Homeostasis",
"Humans",
"K562 Cells",
"Microfilament Proteins",
"Muscle Proteins",
"NF-kappa B",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Transfection",
"bcl-X Protein"
]
} | We propose that p16(INK4a) plays a role in maintaining homeostasis during erythroid differentiation, and that the mechanisms for this effect are not confined to those inducing cell cycle arrest. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does p16 ( INK4a ) induce differentiation and apoptosis in erythroid lineage cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hematopoiesis is regulated by proliferation, differentiation, and death. p16(INK4a) has been reported to regulate apoptosis and differentiation of diverse cells, as well as arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. The aim of this study is to explore the properties of p16 in apoptosis and differentiation of erythroid cells.', 'We transfected the INK4a gene to K562 cells, which defect the INK4a gene, and compared the effect of enforced expression of p16(INK4a) with that of various additives, topoisomerase I inhibitor (SN 38), interferon-alpha, phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor (LY294002), and serum deprivation, which arrest cell cycle at different phases. We also investigated the role of p16(INK4a) in normal day-6 human erythroid colony-forming cells by transfecting the INK4a gene.', 'p16(INK4a) induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted erythroid differentiation in viable K562 cells, but induced apoptosis in K562 cells with incomplete differentiation. The apoptosis induced by p16 was accompanied with downregulation of bcl-x and nuclear NF-kappaB. These findings were not observed in K562 cells treated with various additives. p16(INK4a) decreased the cell viability and promoted apoptosis in day-9 ECFC.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Division', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Muscle Proteins', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Transfection', 'bcl-X Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,851 | Does endothelin-receptor blockade mitigate the adverse effect of preretrieval warm ischemia on posttransplantation renal function in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been established as a nonimmunologic risk factor for the development of chronic graft nephropathy after renal transplantation. This objective of this study was to determine if oral administration of an endothelin-1 receptor (ET-R) antagonist over a 2-month period after renal transplantation would mitigate long-term dysfunction associated with 30 min of preretrieval warm ischemia (pre-WI).",
"The left kidney was retrieved from 250-g Lewis rats. Recipients underwent left nephrectomy and isografting using standard techniques. Animals were divided into three groups: nonischemic controls (no pre-WI, n=8); ischemic controls (pre-WI only, n=6); and pre-WI kidneys in which recipients received the ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, A182086, daily (30 mg/kg/day) (pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, n=6). Isograft glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured at 2 months.",
"Measurement of GFR (mL/min) were as follows: no pre-WI, 2.1+/-0.26; pre-WI only, 1.24+/-0.14 (P<0.05 vs. no pre-WI); and pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, 2.3+/-0.45 (P<0.05 vs. pre-WI only and P=NS vs. no pre-WI)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Endothelin Receptor Antagonists",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Ischemia",
"Kidney",
"Kidney Diseases",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Nephrectomy",
"Postoperative Period",
"Pyrrolidines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Renal Circulation",
"Sulfonamides"
]
} | Chronic administration of a nonselective ET-R antagonist given after the ischemic insult, mitigated the decline in GFR at 2 months. These observations provide an experimental rationale for further investigation of the potential long-term protective effect of nonselective ET-R blockade versus ischemia-reperfusion injury in the clinical setting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does endothelin-receptor blockade mitigate the adverse effect of preretrieval warm ischemia on posttransplantation renal function in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been established as a nonimmunologic risk factor for the development of chronic graft nephropathy after renal transplantation. This objective of this study was to determine if oral administration of an endothelin-1 receptor (ET-R) antagonist over a 2-month period after renal transplantation would mitigate long-term dysfunction associated with 30 min of preretrieval warm ischemia (pre-WI).', 'The left kidney was retrieved from 250-g Lewis rats. Recipients underwent left nephrectomy and isografting using standard techniques. Animals were divided into three groups: nonischemic controls (no pre-WI, n=8); ischemic controls (pre-WI only, n=6); and pre-WI kidneys in which recipients received the ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, A182086, daily (30 mg/kg/day) (pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, n=6). Isograft glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured at 2 months.', 'Measurement of GFR (mL/min) were as follows: no pre-WI, 2.1+/-0.26; pre-WI only, 1.24+/-0.14 (P<0.05 vs. no pre-WI); and pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, 2.3+/-0.45 (P<0.05 vs. pre-WI only and P=NS vs. no pre-WI).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Endothelin Receptor Antagonists', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Ischemia', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Nephrectomy', 'Postoperative Period', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Renal Circulation', 'Sulfonamides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,760,990 | Is effect-site concentration of propofol for recovery of consciousness virtually independent of fentanyl effect-site concentration? | {
"contexts": [
"Fentanyl reduces the amount of propofol necessary to prevent responses to surgical stimuli. However, opioids have relatively little effect on consciousness. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that fentanyl minimally alters the effect-site concentration of propofol associated with awakening. Fifty women having gynecologic laparotomy with propofol anesthesia were randomly allocated into the following target effect-site fentanyl concentrations: 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, and 3.0 ng/mL. Fentanyl was continued at the designated rate through the initial postoperative phase. The propofol effect-site concentration associated with eye opening in response to verbal command was regarded as the awakening concentration. The estimated propofol effect-site concentrations at awakening did not differ significantly among the groups and were 1.9 +/- 0.5 micro g/mL with a fentanyl effect-site concentration of 0.8 ng/mL; 1.6 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 1.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.6 +/- 0.2 micro g/mL with 1.4 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.7 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 2.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; and 1.6 +/- 0.34 micro g/mL with 3.0 ng/mL of fentanyl (mean +/- SD). Seventy percent of the subjects in the 0.8 ng/mL fentanyl group spontaneously complained of pain, whereas none of the patients in the 2 or 3 ng/mL groups did. Five (56%) of 9 women in the 3 ng/mL group had a postoperative respiratory rate <6 breaths/min. Heart rate in one of these women decreased to <40 bpm. These data suggest that the optimal fentanyl effect-site concentration in patients recovering from gynecologic laparoscopy is between 1.4 and 2.0 ng/mL."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anesthesia Recovery Period",
"Anesthetics, Intravenous",
"Atropine",
"Bradycardia",
"Female",
"Fentanyl",
"Gynecologic Surgical Procedures",
"Humans",
"Hypoventilation",
"Laparotomy",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscarinic Antagonists",
"Neostigmine",
"Neuromuscular Blockade",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Parasympathomimetics",
"Propofol"
]
} | The effect-site concentration for propofol at awakening was virtually independent of the fentanyl effect-site concentration over the range of 0.8 to 3.0 ng/mL; however, 0.8 ng/mL of fentanyl was associated with inadequate postoperative analgesia, and 3.0 ng/mL of fentanyl was associated with respiratory toxicity. The optimal postoperative fentanyl effect-site concentration during recovery from propofol general anesthesia for laparotomy thus appears to be near 2 ng/mL. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is effect-site concentration of propofol for recovery of consciousness virtually independent of fentanyl effect-site concentration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fentanyl reduces the amount of propofol necessary to prevent responses to surgical stimuli. However, opioids have relatively little effect on consciousness. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that fentanyl minimally alters the effect-site concentration of propofol associated with awakening. Fifty women having gynecologic laparotomy with propofol anesthesia were randomly allocated into the following target effect-site fentanyl concentrations: 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, and 3.0 ng/mL. Fentanyl was continued at the designated rate through the initial postoperative phase. The propofol effect-site concentration associated with eye opening in response to verbal command was regarded as the awakening concentration. The estimated propofol effect-site concentrations at awakening did not differ significantly among the groups and were 1.9 +/- 0.5 micro g/mL with a fentanyl effect-site concentration of 0.8 ng/mL; 1.6 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 1.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.6 +/- 0.2 micro g/mL with 1.4 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.7 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 2.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; and 1.6 +/- 0.34 micro g/mL with 3.0 ng/mL of fentanyl (mean +/- SD). Seventy percent of the subjects in the 0.8 ng/mL fentanyl group spontaneously complained of pain, whereas none of the patients in the 2 or 3 ng/mL groups did. Five (56%) of 9 women in the 3 ng/mL group had a postoperative respiratory rate <6 breaths/min. Heart rate in one of these women decreased to <40 bpm. These data suggest that the optimal fentanyl effect-site concentration in patients recovering from gynecologic laparoscopy is between 1.4 and 2.0 ng/mL.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Atropine', 'Bradycardia', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Hypoventilation', 'Laparotomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Neostigmine', 'Neuromuscular Blockade', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Parasympathomimetics', 'Propofol']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,760,992 | Do alpha-2 adrenoreceptors probably mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics? | {
"contexts": [
"Agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors has a powerful anesthetic result mediated, in part, by effects on the spinal cord. Alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine) can decrease the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetics (e.g., halothane) to zero, with an apparently additive interaction between halothane and dexmedetomidine. We tested whether the capacity of the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation resulted from agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors. MAC (the concentration required to eliminate movement in response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects) of isoflurane was determined before and after intraperitoneal administration of the alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists yohimbine and atipamezole. The doses of yohimbine and atipamezole equaled or exceeded those that reverse the ability of agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors to decrease MAC. Smaller doses of yohimbine or atipamezole slightly increased (by 10%) the MAC of isoflurane, an increase we interpret as the result of blockade of a small amount of tonically active alpha-adrenoreceptor activity. Doses five-fold larger did not change MAC. Doses 10-fold larger decreased MAC. We conclude that alpha-adrenoreceptors do not or minimally mediate the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to produce immobility."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists",
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Imidazoles",
"Isoflurane",
"Male",
"Movement",
"Pain",
"Physical Stimulation",
"Pulmonary Alveoli",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2",
"Spinal Cord",
"Yohimbine"
]
} | Although stimulation (agonism) of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors can decrease the inhaled anesthetic concentration required to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation, blockade of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors minimally affects the concentration. Thus, augmentation of the effect of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors is not an appreciable part of the mechanism whereby inhaled anesthetics produce immobility. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do alpha-2 adrenoreceptors probably mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors has a powerful anesthetic result mediated, in part, by effects on the spinal cord. Alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine) can decrease the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetics (e.g., halothane) to zero, with an apparently additive interaction between halothane and dexmedetomidine. We tested whether the capacity of the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation resulted from agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors. MAC (the concentration required to eliminate movement in response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects) of isoflurane was determined before and after intraperitoneal administration of the alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists yohimbine and atipamezole. The doses of yohimbine and atipamezole equaled or exceeded those that reverse the ability of agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors to decrease MAC. Smaller doses of yohimbine or atipamezole slightly increased (by 10%) the MAC of isoflurane, an increase we interpret as the result of blockade of a small amount of tonically active alpha-adrenoreceptor activity. Doses five-fold larger did not change MAC. Doses 10-fold larger decreased MAC. We conclude that alpha-adrenoreceptors do not or minimally mediate the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to produce immobility.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Imidazoles', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Pain', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2', 'Spinal Cord', 'Yohimbine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,760,996 | Are resistive-heating and forced-air warming comparably effective? | {
"contexts": [
"Serious adverse outcomes from perioperative hypothermia are well documented. Consequently, intraoperative warming has become routine. We thus evaluated the efficacy of a novel, nondisposable carbon-fiber resistive-heating system. Twenty-four patients undergoing open abdominal surgery lasting approximately 4 h were randomly assigned to warming with 1) a full-length circulating water mattress set at 42 degrees C, 2) a lower-body forced-air cover with the blower set on high, or 3) a three-extremity carbon-fiber resistive-heating blanket set to 42 degrees C. Patients were anesthetized with a combination of continuous epidural and general anesthesia. All fluids were warmed to 37 degrees C, and ambient temperature was kept near 22 degrees C. Core (tympanic membrane) temperature changes among the groups were compared by using factorial analysis of variance and Scheffé F tests; results are presented as means +/- SD. Potential confounding factors did not differ significantly among the groups. In the first 2 h of surgery, core temperature decreased by 1.9 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C in the circulating-water group, 1.0 degrees C +/- 0.6 degrees C in the forced-air group, and 0.8 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C in the resistive-heating group. At the end of surgery, the decreases were 2.0 degrees C +/- 0.8 degrees C in the circulating-water group, 0.6 degrees C +/- 1.0 degrees C in the forced-air group, and 0.5 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C in the resistive-heating group. Core temperature decreases were significantly greater in the circulating-water group at all times after 150 elapsed minutes; however, temperature changes in the forced-air and resistive-heating groups never differed significantly. Even during major abdominal surgery, resistive heating maintains core temperature as effectively as forced air."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdomen",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anesthesia, General",
"Body Temperature",
"Convection",
"Female",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia",
"Intraoperative Complications",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monitoring, Intraoperative",
"Rewarming",
"Skin Temperature"
]
} | Efficacy was similar for forced-air and resistive heating, and both maintained intraoperative core temperature far better than circulating-water mattresses. We thus conclude that even during major abdominal surgery, resistive heating maintains core temperature as effectively as forced air. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are resistive-heating and forced-air warming comparably effective?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serious adverse outcomes from perioperative hypothermia are well documented. Consequently, intraoperative warming has become routine. We thus evaluated the efficacy of a novel, nondisposable carbon-fiber resistive-heating system. Twenty-four patients undergoing open abdominal surgery lasting approximately 4 h were randomly assigned to warming with 1) a full-length circulating water mattress set at 42 degrees C, 2) a lower-body forced-air cover with the blower set on high, or 3) a three-extremity carbon-fiber resistive-heating blanket set to 42 degrees C. Patients were anesthetized with a combination of continuous epidural and general anesthesia. All fluids were warmed to 37 degrees C, and ambient temperature was kept near 22 degrees C. Core (tympanic membrane) temperature changes among the groups were compared by using factorial analysis of variance and Scheffé F tests; results are presented as means +/- SD. Potential confounding factors did not differ significantly among the groups. In the first 2 h of surgery, core temperature decreased by 1.9 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C in the circulating-water group, 1.0 degrees C +/- 0.6 degrees C in the forced-air group, and 0.8 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C in the resistive-heating group. At the end of surgery, the decreases were 2.0 degrees C +/- 0.8 degrees C in the circulating-water group, 0.6 degrees C +/- 1.0 degrees C in the forced-air group, and 0.5 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C in the resistive-heating group. Core temperature decreases were significantly greater in the circulating-water group at all times after 150 elapsed minutes; however, temperature changes in the forced-air and resistive-heating groups never differed significantly. Even during major abdominal surgery, resistive heating maintains core temperature as effectively as forced air.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Abdomen', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Body Temperature', 'Convection', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Rewarming', 'Skin Temperature']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,635 | Are advanced glycation end-products pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine elevated in serum of patients with osteoporosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate serum levels of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in patients classified into different osteoporosis subgroups according to histomorphometric data.",
"Serum samples were obtained from 116 osteoporotic patients (34 men, 82 women) classified by bone histomorphometry into subgroups with high turnover (HTO, n = 32), low turnover (LTO, n = 39), normal turnover (NTO, n = 9) and cellular uncoupled osteoporosis (CUO, n = 36). Pentosidine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and CML by a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay.",
"The entire osteoporosis group had significantly higher pentosidine and CML serum concentrations than healthy subjects. In contrast to healthy subjects, no correlation between levels of AGEs and age could be found. In subgroups characterized by increased bone resorption (HTO, CUO), serum pentosidine correlated significantly with the histomorphometric marker reflecting osteoclast activity/bone resorption (eroded surface as a percentage of trabecular surface). Moreover, in CUO a strong correlation between pentosidine and the mineral apposition rate was found. Surprisingly, in HTO the levels of CML and percentage of eroded surface were significantly negatively correlated."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Arginine",
"Bone Resorption",
"Female",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Humans",
"Lysine",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoporosis"
]
} | AGE-modified proteins may be a cause of disturbed bone remodelling in osteoporosis. Our findings do not support the alternative hypothesis that increased AGEs in serum indicate only a more intensive releasing of AGEs in circumstances of increased bone resorption. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are advanced glycation end-products pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine elevated in serum of patients with osteoporosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate serum levels of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in patients classified into different osteoporosis subgroups according to histomorphometric data.', 'Serum samples were obtained from 116 osteoporotic patients (34 men, 82 women) classified by bone histomorphometry into subgroups with high turnover (HTO, n = 32), low turnover (LTO, n = 39), normal turnover (NTO, n = 9) and cellular uncoupled osteoporosis (CUO, n = 36). Pentosidine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and CML by a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay.', 'The entire osteoporosis group had significantly higher pentosidine and CML serum concentrations than healthy subjects. In contrast to healthy subjects, no correlation between levels of AGEs and age could be found. In subgroups characterized by increased bone resorption (HTO, CUO), serum pentosidine correlated significantly with the histomorphometric marker reflecting osteoclast activity/bone resorption (eroded surface as a percentage of trabecular surface). Moreover, in CUO a strong correlation between pentosidine and the mineral apposition rate was found. Surprisingly, in HTO the levels of CML and percentage of eroded surface were significantly negatively correlated.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Arginine', 'Bone Resorption', 'Female', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Humans', 'Lysine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,780,389 | Is oxygen dependency of the adrenergic Na/H exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes diminished by a hydroxyl radical scavenger? | {
"contexts": [
"Potassium transport via the potassium chloride cotransporter in rainbow trout erythrocytes is increased by high oxygen tension. It appears that the effect of oxygen is mediated by reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, the activity of adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange decreases with increasing oxygen tension. As available data suggest that the two transporters are regulated reciprocally, the present study was undertaken to evaluate, if hydroxyl radicals may inhibit sodium transport via the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchanger.",
"The effects of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, 2 mm mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), on the activity of the adrenergically activated sodium proton exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes were examined by measuring unidirectional sodium flux, using radioactive isotope, and cellular water content.",
"The activity of the sodium proton exchange increased with decreasing oxygen tension after adrenergic stimulation. When MPG was present during incubation, there was no statistically significant effect of oxygen tension on the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange, whereby the activity of the transporter at atmospheric oxygen tension was markedly higher in the presence than in the absence of MPG. In the absence of adrenergic stimulation, MPG did not influence the transporter activity significantly at any oxygen tension."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biological Transport",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Erythrocytes",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Glycine",
"Hydroxyl Radical",
"Isoproterenol",
"Oncorhynchus mykiss",
"Oxidants",
"Oxygen",
"Protons",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Sodium",
"Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers",
"Sulfhydryl Compounds",
"Sympathomimetics"
]
} | The data suggest that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the inhibition of the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange at elevated oxygen tensions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is oxygen dependency of the adrenergic Na/H exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes diminished by a hydroxyl radical scavenger?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Potassium transport via the potassium chloride cotransporter in rainbow trout erythrocytes is increased by high oxygen tension. It appears that the effect of oxygen is mediated by reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, the activity of adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange decreases with increasing oxygen tension. As available data suggest that the two transporters are regulated reciprocally, the present study was undertaken to evaluate, if hydroxyl radicals may inhibit sodium transport via the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchanger.', 'The effects of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, 2 mm mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), on the activity of the adrenergically activated sodium proton exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes were examined by measuring unidirectional sodium flux, using radioactive isotope, and cellular water content.', 'The activity of the sodium proton exchange increased with decreasing oxygen tension after adrenergic stimulation. When MPG was present during incubation, there was no statistically significant effect of oxygen tension on the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange, whereby the activity of the transporter at atmospheric oxygen tension was markedly higher in the presence than in the absence of MPG. In the absence of adrenergic stimulation, MPG did not influence the transporter activity significantly at any oxygen tension.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Erythrocytes', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Glycine', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Isoproterenol', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Oxidants', 'Oxygen', 'Protons', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Sodium', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Sympathomimetics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,890 | Does acute administration of conjugated equine oestrogen improve exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The parenteral administration of oestradiol acutely protects against exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in women, but whether this effect is sex-specific is not known.",
"The effects of acutely administered conjugated equine oestrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with established coronary heart disease were investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial.",
"Twenty men, aged 62 +/- 11.6 years, with reproducible exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia were treated with either intravenous conjugated equine oestrogen (25 mg) or saline prior to undergoing an exercise stress test. Primary end-points were total exercise time and time to 1 mm ST-segment depression.",
"All participants completed the protocol. Total exercise time exceeded the baseline value in 17 of the 20 men following saline, and in 17 of the 20 men following oestrogen pretreatment. Time to 1 mm ST-segment depression exceeded the baseline value in 14 of the 19 men following saline, and following oestrogen administration, exceeded baseline in 13 of the 19 men. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in either time to 1 mm ST-segment depression or total exercise time. A period effect was apparent for total exercise time (P = 0.05) but not for time to ST-segment depression."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)",
"Exercise",
"Exercise Test",
"Gonadal Steroid Hormones",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | Acute parenteral oestrogen therapy did not increase total exercise time or time to the onset of electrocardiographic changes of ischaemia in men with chronic stable coronary artery disease. These findings contrast the favourable effects of oestrogen in women in comparable studies and indicate a sex specificity for the acute cardiovascular effects of oestrogen. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute administration of conjugated equine oestrogen improve exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with coronary artery disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The parenteral administration of oestradiol acutely protects against exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in women, but whether this effect is sex-specific is not known.', 'The effects of acutely administered conjugated equine oestrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with established coronary heart disease were investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial.', 'Twenty men, aged 62 +/- 11.6 years, with reproducible exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia were treated with either intravenous conjugated equine oestrogen (25 mg) or saline prior to undergoing an exercise stress test. Primary end-points were total exercise time and time to 1 mm ST-segment depression.', 'All participants completed the protocol. Total exercise time exceeded the baseline value in 17 of the 20 men following saline, and in 17 of the 20 men following oestrogen pretreatment. Time to 1 mm ST-segment depression exceeded the baseline value in 14 of the 19 men following saline, and following oestrogen administration, exceeded baseline in 13 of the 19 men. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in either time to 1 mm ST-segment depression or total exercise time. A period effect was apparent for total exercise time (P = 0.05) but not for time to ST-segment depression.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,775,255 | Is an Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene a disease-causing mutation for idiopathic Parkinson 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether a coding mutation (Ile93Met) in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) gene plays a role in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).",
"Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) was used to distinguish the wild-type (two DNA fragments of 34 and 126 bp) from the variant allele (three fragments of 34, 60 and 66 bp) because the mutation created a new site for restriction endonuclease BsmF1. DNA was isolated from various blood samples using a phenolchloroform extraction.",
"Ile93Met substitution was found neither in PD patients nor in controls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Amino Acid Substitution",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Parkinson Disease",
"Thiolester Hydrolases",
"Ubiquitin Thiolesterase"
]
} | Our study suggested that Ile93Met of UCH-L1 gene did not influence risk of IPD. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is an Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene a disease-causing mutation for idiopathic Parkinson 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To ascertain whether a coding mutation (Ile93Met) in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) gene plays a role in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).\", 'Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) was used to distinguish the wild-type (two DNA fragments of 34 and 126 bp) from the variant allele (three fragments of 34, 60 and 66 bp) because the mutation created a new site for restriction endonuclease BsmF1. DNA was isolated from various blood samples using a phenolchloroform extraction.', 'Ile93Met substitution was found neither in PD patients nor in controls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Thiolester Hydrolases', 'Ubiquitin Thiolesterase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,781,306 | Does mutilation anxiety differ among females with fibromyalgia and functional dyspepsia and population controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies using self-report rating scales suggest a considerable overlap regarding symptom complaints in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and functional dyspepsia (FD), while clinical assessments point to important psychological differences.",
"To test the hypothesis that measurement of psychological state by means of content analysis of speech will demonstrate differentiation between the two patient groups and between patients with these disorders and age-matched population-based random sample controls.",
"The Giessener Symptom Complaints Checklist assessed somatic complaints. The computerised Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis method assessed psychological state in 42 females with FM, 17 females with FD and 48 population-based, randomly selected control subjects.",
"FM patients score higher on mutilation anxiety than FD and control subjects. FD patients had the highest score for death anxiety. Mutilation anxiety and low hope score identified FM patients (sensitivity 68%, specificity 81%, overall classification 75%), but only 19% of the variation in total somatic complaints could be predicted from these or other psychological state scores. In FD patients, however, death anxiety explained 59% of the variance in gastrointestinal complaints."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anxiety",
"Attitude to Death",
"Chronic Disease",
"Dyspepsia",
"Emotions",
"Female",
"Fibromyalgia",
"Humans",
"Mental Health",
"Middle Aged",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Psychometrics",
"Risk Factors",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Verbal Behavior",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Psychological state was differentiated among the three groups. Mutilation anxiety may be a psychological marker of an underlying neurobiological vulnerability for FM or may represent a secondary long-term consequence of chronic illness. In FD, death anxiety is directly related to symptom complaints, suggesting a stronger etiological association between emotions and somatic complaints in this disorder. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mutilation anxiety differ among females with fibromyalgia and functional dyspepsia and population controls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Studies using self-report rating scales suggest a considerable overlap regarding symptom complaints in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and functional dyspepsia (FD), while clinical assessments point to important psychological differences.', 'To test the hypothesis that measurement of psychological state by means of content analysis of speech will demonstrate differentiation between the two patient groups and between patients with these disorders and age-matched population-based random sample controls.', 'The Giessener Symptom Complaints Checklist assessed somatic complaints. The computerised Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis method assessed psychological state in 42 females with FM, 17 females with FD and 48 population-based, randomly selected control subjects.', 'FM patients score higher on mutilation anxiety than FD and control subjects. FD patients had the highest score for death anxiety. Mutilation anxiety and low hope score identified FM patients (sensitivity 68%, specificity 81%, overall classification 75%), but only 19% of the variation in total somatic complaints could be predicted from these or other psychological state scores. In FD patients, however, death anxiety explained 59% of the variance in gastrointestinal complaints.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Death', 'Chronic Disease', 'Dyspepsia', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Fibromyalgia', 'Humans', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,471 | Does intramuscular alefacept improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Psoriasis profoundly affects patient quality of life (QOL). Amevive (alefacept), a novel and selective biologic agent, was clinically effective and significantly improved QOL in a phase 2 study.",
"The present placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 study examined the effects of a 12-week course of intramuscular alefacept on QOL in 507 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis using both dermatology-specific questionnaires [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); Dermatology Quality of Life Scales (DQOLS)] and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), a generic, general health questionnaire.",
"All 3 QOL measures (DLQI, DQOLS, SF-36) demonstrated that alefacept 15 mg was significantly more effective than placebo in improving QOL in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. In addition, the improvements in QOL for patients in the alefacept 15 mg group were of similar magnitude for all 3 QOL measures."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alefacept",
"Computer Graphics",
"Dermatologic Agents",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intramuscular",
"International Cooperation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Psoriasis",
"Psychometrics",
"Quality of Life",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | The findings of this study are an important addition to the QOL literature for psoriasis treatments. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intramuscular alefacept improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Psoriasis profoundly affects patient quality of life (QOL). Amevive (alefacept), a novel and selective biologic agent, was clinically effective and significantly improved QOL in a phase 2 study.', 'The present placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 study examined the effects of a 12-week course of intramuscular alefacept on QOL in 507 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis using both dermatology-specific questionnaires [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); Dermatology Quality of Life Scales (DQOLS)] and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), a generic, general health questionnaire.', 'All 3 QOL measures (DLQI, DQOLS, SF-36) demonstrated that alefacept 15 mg was significantly more effective than placebo in improving QOL in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. In addition, the improvements in QOL for patients in the alefacept 15 mg group were of similar magnitude for all 3 QOL measures.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alefacept', 'Computer Graphics', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'International Cooperation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psoriasis', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,737 | Does the New York University nerve sparing algorithm decrease the rate of positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed an algorithm that prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy with the goal of maximizing the performance of nerve sparing procedures while minimizing positive surgical margins.",
"From January 1 to December 31, 2000 a single surgeon performed 272 radical retropubic prostatectomies and 263 were performed from January 1 to December 31, 2001. A single pathologist analyzed all specimens with positive margins. There were no prospectively defined criteria to guide decisions regarding excision of the neurovascular bundles in the 2000 study cohort. Gleason score, percent tumor volume and perineural invasion were independently analyzed in the biopsy specimens according to the site of origin (right versus left side) for the 2001 group only. The ipsilateral neurovascular bundle was excised for Gleason 6 or less tumors when there were 50% or greater tumor volume in the biopsy specimen and perineural invasion, for Gleason 7 tumors when there was 30% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion and for Gleason 8 to 10 tumors when there was 10% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion.",
"There were no statistically significant differences between the 2000 and 2001 groups in regard to preoperative prostate specific antigen, clinical and pathological stage, biopsy Gleason score and percent tumor volume in the surgical specimen. There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of positive margins between the 2000 and 2001 groups (14% versus 8%, p = 0.027). The lower positive margin rate was not achieved because of a tendency to excise more neurovascular bundles since a significantly greater percent of neurovascular bundles was preserved in the 2001 group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of our algorithm were 18%, 93%, 28%, 89% and 84%, respectively. In sides of the prostate with extraprostatic extension ipsilateral wide excision of the neurovascular bundle was associated with positive margins in 33% of cases compared with 22% when the neurovascular bundle was preserved (p = 0.42)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Penis",
"Peripheral Nerves",
"Prostatectomy",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | The New York University nerve sparing algorithm prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundle based on Gleason score, perineural invasion and tumor volume in the biopsy specimen. Use of this algorithm decreases positive surgical margin rates, while significantly increasing the preservation of neurovascular bundles. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the New York University nerve sparing algorithm decrease the rate of positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We developed an algorithm that prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy with the goal of maximizing the performance of nerve sparing procedures while minimizing positive surgical margins.', 'From January 1 to December 31, 2000 a single surgeon performed 272 radical retropubic prostatectomies and 263 were performed from January 1 to December 31, 2001. A single pathologist analyzed all specimens with positive margins. There were no prospectively defined criteria to guide decisions regarding excision of the neurovascular bundles in the 2000 study cohort. Gleason score, percent tumor volume and perineural invasion were independently analyzed in the biopsy specimens according to the site of origin (right versus left side) for the 2001 group only. The ipsilateral neurovascular bundle was excised for Gleason 6 or less tumors when there were 50% or greater tumor volume in the biopsy specimen and perineural invasion, for Gleason 7 tumors when there was 30% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion and for Gleason 8 to 10 tumors when there was 10% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion.', 'There were no statistically significant differences between the 2000 and 2001 groups in regard to preoperative prostate specific antigen, clinical and pathological stage, biopsy Gleason score and percent tumor volume in the surgical specimen. There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of positive margins between the 2000 and 2001 groups (14% versus 8%, p = 0.027). The lower positive margin rate was not achieved because of a tendency to excise more neurovascular bundles since a significantly greater percent of neurovascular bundles was preserved in the 2001 group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of our algorithm were 18%, 93%, 28%, 89% and 84%, respectively. In sides of the prostate with extraprostatic extension ipsilateral wide excision of the neurovascular bundle was associated with positive margins in 33% of cases compared with 22% when the neurovascular bundle was preserved (p = 0.42).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Penis', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,735 | Is percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer significant independent predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy : results from SEARCH database? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that the percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy is a significant predictor of outcome among men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We evaluate whether either percent of cores with cancer or percent of cores positive from the most and least involved side of the prostate needle biopsy was associated with a worse outcome among men treated with radical prostatectomy.",
"A retrospective survey of 1,094 patients from the SEARCH Database treated with radical prostatectomy at 4 different equal access medical centers in California between 1988 and 2002 was undertaken. We used multivariate analysis to examine whether total percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer, percent of cores positive from each side of the prostate and other clinical variables were significant predictors of adverse pathology and time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy.",
"On multivariate analysis serum PSA and percent of positive cores were significant predictors of positive surgical margins, nonorgan confined disease and seminal vesicle invasion. Percent of positive cores (p <0.001), serum PSA (p = 0.008) and biopsy Gleason score (p = 0.014) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence. On a separate multivariate analysis that included the variables of total percent of positive cores, percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy, percent of positive cores from the least involved side of the biopsy and whether the biopsy was positive unilaterally or bilaterally, only the percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a significant independent predictor of PSA failure following radical prostatectomy. Percent of positive cores was used to separate patients into a low risk (less than 34%), intermediate risk (34% to 50%) and high risk (greater than 50%) groups, which provided significant preoperative risk stratification for PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). Percent of positive cores cut points were able to further risk stratify men who were at low (p = 0.001) or intermediate (p = 0.036) but not high (p = 0.674) risk for biochemical failure based on serum PSA and biopsy Gleason score."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatectomy",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Seminal Vesicles",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy was a significant predictor of adverse pathology and biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy, and the cut points of less than 34%, 34% to 50% and greater than 50% can be used to risk stratify patients preoperatively. The finding that percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a stronger predictor of PSA failure than the total percent of cores involved suggests that multiple positive biopsies from a single side might be a better predictor of a larger total cancer volume and thus correlate with clinical outcome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer significant independent predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy : results from SEARCH database?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent studies have suggested that the percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy is a significant predictor of outcome among men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We evaluate whether either percent of cores with cancer or percent of cores positive from the most and least involved side of the prostate needle biopsy was associated with a worse outcome among men treated with radical prostatectomy.', 'A retrospective survey of 1,094 patients from the SEARCH Database treated with radical prostatectomy at 4 different equal access medical centers in California between 1988 and 2002 was undertaken. We used multivariate analysis to examine whether total percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer, percent of cores positive from each side of the prostate and other clinical variables were significant predictors of adverse pathology and time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy.', 'On multivariate analysis serum PSA and percent of positive cores were significant predictors of positive surgical margins, nonorgan confined disease and seminal vesicle invasion. Percent of positive cores (p <0.001), serum PSA (p = 0.008) and biopsy Gleason score (p = 0.014) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence. On a separate multivariate analysis that included the variables of total percent of positive cores, percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy, percent of positive cores from the least involved side of the biopsy and whether the biopsy was positive unilaterally or bilaterally, only the percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a significant independent predictor of PSA failure following radical prostatectomy. Percent of positive cores was used to separate patients into a low risk (less than 34%), intermediate risk (34% to 50%) and high risk (greater than 50%) groups, which provided significant preoperative risk stratification for PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). Percent of positive cores cut points were able to further risk stratify men who were at low (p = 0.001) or intermediate (p = 0.036) but not high (p = 0.674) risk for biochemical failure based on serum PSA and biopsy Gleason score.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biopsy, Needle', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Seminal Vesicles', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,593 | Have the increased utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT inhibitors reduced levodopa consumption -- a nation-wide perspective in Sweden? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the impact of the new pharmacological treatment strategies in Parkinson's disease by analysis of the sales of dopaminergic drugs in Sweden 1990-2001.",
"Invoice statistics and statistics on prescription sales of dopaminergic drugs 1990-2001 were obtained from the 906 public pharmacies and the 89 hospital pharmacies in Sweden. The Swedish Diagnosis and therapy survey was used to study the diagnosis the drugs were prescribed for.",
"During the period the sales expressed in DDD/1000 inhabitants and day increased from 1.75 to 1.86 (6%) for levodopa and from 0.04 to 0.27 (575%) for dopamine agonists. The increase in sales of dopamine agonists occurred after 1997 and consisted entirely of the sales of the new agonists, cabergoline, pramipexole and ropinirole. In Swedish crowns the total sales of dopaminergic drugs increased with 126% during the period. The cost for the dopamine agonists was 8% of the total cost for dopaminergic drugs in 1990 and 23% in 2001. The prescription sales figures of levodopa and dopamine agonists for the different Swedish counties in 2001 varied between 1.52 and 2.44 and 0.13 and 0.74 DDD/1000 inhabitants and day, respectively. There was no correlation, whether positive or negative, between the sales of dopamine agonists, levodopa and COMT inhibitors or between the sales and the densities of neurologists."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors",
"Dopamine Agents",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Humans",
"Levodopa",
"Parkinson Disease",
"Pharmacoepidemiology",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Sweden"
]
} | The consumption of levodopa in Sweden continues to increase in spite of a dramatic increase in the utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT-inhibitors. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Have the increased utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT inhibitors reduced levodopa consumption -- a nation-wide perspective in Sweden?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To study the impact of the new pharmacological treatment strategies in Parkinson's disease by analysis of the sales of dopaminergic drugs in Sweden 1990-2001.\", 'Invoice statistics and statistics on prescription sales of dopaminergic drugs 1990-2001 were obtained from the 906 public pharmacies and the 89 hospital pharmacies in Sweden. The Swedish Diagnosis and therapy survey was used to study the diagnosis the drugs were prescribed for.', 'During the period the sales expressed in DDD/1000 inhabitants and day increased from 1.75 to 1.86 (6%) for levodopa and from 0.04 to 0.27 (575%) for dopamine agonists. The increase in sales of dopamine agonists occurred after 1997 and consisted entirely of the sales of the new agonists, cabergoline, pramipexole and ropinirole. In Swedish crowns the total sales of dopaminergic drugs increased with 126% during the period. The cost for the dopamine agonists was 8% of the total cost for dopaminergic drugs in 1990 and 23% in 2001. The prescription sales figures of levodopa and dopamine agonists for the different Swedish counties in 2001 varied between 1.52 and 2.44 and 0.13 and 0.74 DDD/1000 inhabitants and day, respectively. There was no correlation, whether positive or negative, between the sales of dopamine agonists, levodopa and COMT inhibitors or between the sales and the densities of neurologists.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Levodopa', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Pharmacoepidemiology', \"Practice Patterns, Physicians'\", 'Sweden']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,781,846 | Does postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding improve outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the clinical effectiveness of postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).",
"Medical records of 63 patients who were operated on within the past 4 y due to deterioration of SAP were included in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified in gut feeding (GF; n = 33) and standard therapy (ST; n = 30) groups according to the postoperative therapy provided. The GF group received postoperative standard therapy and enteral stimulation by gut feeding, and the ST group received standard therapy only. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, incidence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), daily calories supply, complication rate, and outcomes were analyzed.",
"Patient characteristics did not differ between groups when considering age and severity of the disease. All patients underwent similar surgical interventions. SIRS and MODS were observed initially with the same frequency in both groups. Regression of MODS and a lower postoperative complication rate was observed more often in the GF group. Development of early pulmonary complications was observed in 12.1% to 13.3% in both groups, irrespective of the time of surgery. Subsequently, pulmonary complications developed in 15.2% of GF patients compared with 43.3% of ST patients (P <0.05). Acute renal insufficiency developed similarly in 33.3% of the GF patients and in 26.7% of the ST patients within 3 d after admission. Acute renal insufficiency developed later on only in the ST group (26.7%, P <0.05). Wound- and catheter-related septic complications were considerably more frequent in the ST group (30.0%) than in the GF group (9.1%, P <0.05). Intensive care and hospital stays did not differ. Postoperative gut feeding was associated with 6.1% mortality in the GF compared with 26.7% in the ST (P <0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Energy Intake",
"Enteral Nutrition",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Organ Failure",
"Pancreatitis",
"Postoperative Care",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Enteral stimulation by gut feeding is an effective supplement in the postoperative therapy of patients with SAP. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding improve outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We assessed the clinical effectiveness of postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).', 'Medical records of 63 patients who were operated on within the past 4 y due to deterioration of SAP were included in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified in gut feeding (GF; n = 33) and standard therapy (ST; n = 30) groups according to the postoperative therapy provided. The GF group received postoperative standard therapy and enteral stimulation by gut feeding, and the ST group received standard therapy only. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, incidence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), daily calories supply, complication rate, and outcomes were analyzed.', 'Patient characteristics did not differ between groups when considering age and severity of the disease. All patients underwent similar surgical interventions. SIRS and MODS were observed initially with the same frequency in both groups. Regression of MODS and a lower postoperative complication rate was observed more often in the GF group. Development of early pulmonary complications was observed in 12.1% to 13.3% in both groups, irrespective of the time of surgery. Subsequently, pulmonary complications developed in 15.2% of GF patients compared with 43.3% of ST patients (P <0.05). Acute renal insufficiency developed similarly in 33.3% of the GF patients and in 26.7% of the ST patients within 3 d after admission. Acute renal insufficiency developed later on only in the ST group (26.7%, P <0.05). Wound- and catheter-related septic complications were considerably more frequent in the ST group (30.0%) than in the GF group (9.1%, P <0.05). Intensive care and hospital stays did not differ. Postoperative gut feeding was associated with 6.1% mortality in the GF compared with 26.7% in the ST (P <0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Energy Intake', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Pancreatitis', 'Postoperative Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,579 | Does high-density lipoprotein stimulate endothelial cell migration and survival through sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level is inversely correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the cellular mechanism by which HDL exerts antiatherogenic actions is not well understood. In this study, we focus on the lipid components of HDL as mediators of the lipoprotein-induced antiatherogenic actions.",
"HDL and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) stimulated the migration and survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These responses to HDL and S1P were almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin and other specific inhibitors for intracellular signaling pathways, although the inhibition profiles of migration and survival were different. The HDL-stimulated migration and survival of the cells were markedly inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides against the S1P receptors EDG-1/S1P1 and EDG-3/S1P3. Cell migration was sensitive to both receptors, but cell survival was exclusively sensitive to S1P1. The S1P-rich fraction and chromatographically purified S1P from HDL stimulated cell migration, but the rest of the fraction did not, as was the case of the cell survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Movement",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Lipoprotein(a)",
"Lipoproteins, HDL",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Lysophospholipids",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled",
"Receptors, Lysophospholipid",
"Signal Transduction",
"Sphingosine"
]
} | HDL-induced endothelial cell migration and survival may be mediated by the lipoprotein component S1P and the lipid receptors S1P1 and S1P3. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high-density lipoprotein stimulate endothelial cell migration and survival through sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level is inversely correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the cellular mechanism by which HDL exerts antiatherogenic actions is not well understood. In this study, we focus on the lipid components of HDL as mediators of the lipoprotein-induced antiatherogenic actions.', 'HDL and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) stimulated the migration and survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These responses to HDL and S1P were almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin and other specific inhibitors for intracellular signaling pathways, although the inhibition profiles of migration and survival were different. The HDL-stimulated migration and survival of the cells were markedly inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides against the S1P receptors EDG-1/S1P1 and EDG-3/S1P3. Cell migration was sensitive to both receptors, but cell survival was exclusively sensitive to S1P1. The S1P-rich fraction and chromatographically purified S1P from HDL stimulated cell migration, but the rest of the fraction did not, as was the case of the cell survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Receptors, Lysophospholipid', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sphingosine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,575 | Is von Willebrand factor but not alpha-thrombin binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha influenced by the HPA-2 polymorphism? | {
"contexts": [
"Glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha is the functionally dominant subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V receptor complex. The N-terminal domain of the GPIbalpha chain contains binding sites for alpha-thrombin and von Willebrand factor (VWF). The human platelet alloantigen (HPA)-2 polymorphism of the GPIbalpha gene is associated with a C/T transition at nucleotide 1018, resulting in a Thr/Met dimorphism at residue 145 of GPIbalpha. To study the structural and functional effects of this dimorphism, N-terminal fragments (AA1-289) of the HPA-2a and HPA-2b alloform of GPIbalpha expressed in CHO cells were used.",
"Of 74 moAbs directed against human GPIbalpha, 2 antibodies with epitope between AA1-59 could differentiate between both alloforms. In addition, VWF bound with a higher affinity to the recombinant HPA-2a fragment or to homozygous HPA-2a platelets. In contrast, no difference was found in the binding of alpha-thrombin to the recombinant alloform fragments or of antibodies directed against the alpha-thrombin binding anionic sulfated tyrosine sequence (AA269-282)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antigens, Human Platelet",
"Blood Platelets",
"CHO Cells",
"Cricetinae",
"Crotalid Venoms",
"Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Ristocetin",
"Thrombin",
"von Willebrand Factor"
]
} | Whereas the Thr145Met dimorphism does not affect alpha-thrombin binding, it does influence the conformation of the N-terminal flanking region and first leucine-rich repeat of GPIbalpha and by this has an effect on VWF binding. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is von Willebrand factor but not alpha-thrombin binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha influenced by the HPA-2 polymorphism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha is the functionally dominant subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V receptor complex. The N-terminal domain of the GPIbalpha chain contains binding sites for alpha-thrombin and von Willebrand factor (VWF). The human platelet alloantigen (HPA)-2 polymorphism of the GPIbalpha gene is associated with a C/T transition at nucleotide 1018, resulting in a Thr/Met dimorphism at residue 145 of GPIbalpha. To study the structural and functional effects of this dimorphism, N-terminal fragments (AA1-289) of the HPA-2a and HPA-2b alloform of GPIbalpha expressed in CHO cells were used.', 'Of 74 moAbs directed against human GPIbalpha, 2 antibodies with epitope between AA1-59 could differentiate between both alloforms. In addition, VWF bound with a higher affinity to the recombinant HPA-2a fragment or to homozygous HPA-2a platelets. In contrast, no difference was found in the binding of alpha-thrombin to the recombinant alloform fragments or of antibodies directed against the alpha-thrombin binding anionic sulfated tyrosine sequence (AA269-282).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antigens, Human Platelet', 'Blood Platelets', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ristocetin', 'Thrombin', 'von Willebrand Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,576 | Do specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit ligand activation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that phospholipid oxidation products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (ox-PAPC) inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced E-selectin expression and neutrophil binding in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The current studies identify specific phospholipids that inhibit chemokine induction by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and -2 (TLR2) ligands inECs and macrophages.",
"Measurements of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels secreted from ox-PAPC- and LPS-cotreated ECs indicate that ox-PAPC inhibits activation of TLR4 by LPS. The effects of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which utilize the same intracellular signaling molecules, were not inhibited. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate that LPS induces membrane translocation of the LPS receptor complex to a lipid raft/caveolar fraction in ECs. Ox-PAPC inhibits this translocation and alters caveolin-1 distribution. Supporting an important role for caveolae in LPS action, overexpression of caveolin-1 enhanced LPS-induced IL-8 synthesis. Ox-PAPC also inhibits the effect of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in human macrophages."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CD36 Antigens",
"Cattle",
"Caveolae",
"Caveolin 1",
"Caveolins",
"Cell Membrane",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1",
"Interleukin-8",
"Intracellular Membranes",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Macrophages",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Phosphatidylcholines",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Toll-Like Receptor 2",
"Toll-Like Receptor 4",
"Toll-Like Receptors",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | These studies report a novel mechanism that involves alterations to lipid raft/caveolar processing, by which specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit activation by TLR4 and TLR2 ligands. These studies have broader implications for the role of ox-PAPC as a regulator of specific lipid raft/caveolar function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit ligand activation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously shown that phospholipid oxidation products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (ox-PAPC) inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced E-selectin expression and neutrophil binding in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The current studies identify specific phospholipids that inhibit chemokine induction by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and -2 (TLR2) ligands inECs and macrophages.', 'Measurements of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels secreted from ox-PAPC- and LPS-cotreated ECs indicate that ox-PAPC inhibits activation of TLR4 by LPS. The effects of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which utilize the same intracellular signaling molecules, were not inhibited. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate that LPS induces membrane translocation of the LPS receptor complex to a lipid raft/caveolar fraction in ECs. Ox-PAPC inhibits this translocation and alters caveolin-1 distribution. Supporting an important role for caveolae in LPS action, overexpression of caveolin-1 enhanced LPS-induced IL-8 synthesis. Ox-PAPC also inhibits the effect of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in human macrophages.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CD36 Antigens', 'Cattle', 'Caveolae', 'Caveolin 1', 'Caveolins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-8', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Toll-Like Receptors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,577 | Do genetic loci contribute to the progression of vascular and cardiac hypertrophy in salt-sensitive spontaneous hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"The salt-sensitive Dahl rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat develop comparable spontaneous hypertension on a low-salt diet, whereas only the salt-sensitive Dahl rat strain develops a striking increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular hypertrophy on a high-salt diet. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to the progression of salt-induced organ damage in hypertension by studying an F2 population derived from both strains.",
"We determined systolic blood pressure (SBP), vascular aortic hypertrophy (AH), cardiac left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), and LV fibrosis in 230 male F2-animals on a high-salt diet. A strong correlation between AH and LVH was found (r=0.58, P<0.0001), and genome-wide QTL mapping detected suggestive or significant QTLs in overlapping chromosomal fragments for AH and LVH on chromosomes 1, 3, and 19, respectively. A significant influence of SBP on the extent of LVH and AH was evident at all QTLs, although significant linkage to SBP (together with LVH) was only found on chromosome 9. No QTLs for LV fibrosis were detected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Chromosome Mapping",
"Disease Progression",
"Fibrosis",
"Genetic Linkage",
"Genotype",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Phenotype",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Dahl",
"Rats, Inbred SHR",
"Rats, Inbred WKY",
"Sodium, Dietary"
]
} | This study demonstrates a strong correlation between AH and LVH in salt-sensitive hypertension and identifies QTLs contributing to the progression of cardiovascular hypertrophy in this condition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do genetic loci contribute to the progression of vascular and cardiac hypertrophy in salt-sensitive spontaneous hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The salt-sensitive Dahl rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat develop comparable spontaneous hypertension on a low-salt diet, whereas only the salt-sensitive Dahl rat strain develops a striking increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular hypertrophy on a high-salt diet. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to the progression of salt-induced organ damage in hypertension by studying an F2 population derived from both strains.', 'We determined systolic blood pressure (SBP), vascular aortic hypertrophy (AH), cardiac left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), and LV fibrosis in 230 male F2-animals on a high-salt diet. A strong correlation between AH and LVH was found (r=0.58, P<0.0001), and genome-wide QTL mapping detected suggestive or significant QTLs in overlapping chromosomal fragments for AH and LVH on chromosomes 1, 3, and 19, respectively. A significant influence of SBP on the extent of LVH and AH was evident at all QTLs, although significant linkage to SBP (together with LVH) was only found on chromosome 9. No QTLs for LV fibrosis were detected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Disease Progression', 'Fibrosis', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genotype', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Phenotype', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Dahl', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Sodium, Dietary']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,767,501 | Does magnetic resonance imaging identify cytoarchitectonic subtypes of the normal human cerebral cortex? | {
"contexts": [
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows a detailed \"in vivo\" macroscopic study of the human brain; previously, it has been demonstrated that Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequence shows higher signal intensity of cortices belonging to limbic structures.",
"To measure and compare signal intensities (SI) of cytoarchitectonically different cortical regions.",
"In 22 adult subjects, without psychiatric or neurological diseases, FLAIR sequence was performed in coronal slices, perpendicular to the main hippocampal axis. Signal intensity was measured, with a region-of-interest (ROI) function, in 12 different cortical regions. We compared these values and grouped the cortices into five groups: (1) limbic cortices, (2) paralimbic agranular cortices, (3) paralimbic granular cortices, (4) parietal-type neopallium, (5) frontal-type neopallium. A t-test for comparison of paired samples was performed, considering p</=0.05 as statistically significant.",
"We found statistically significant differences amongst the different groups, with the exception of groups 1 and 2, which did not show differences between them. No statistically significant differences were found among cortices belonging to the same group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Structural characteristics of the cerebral cortex cause changes in its signal intensity. Magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR sequence) allows discrimination of different cytoarchitectonic areas of the human cerebral cortex. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does magnetic resonance imaging identify cytoarchitectonic subtypes of the normal human cerebral cortex?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows a detailed \"in vivo\" macroscopic study of the human brain; previously, it has been demonstrated that Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequence shows higher signal intensity of cortices belonging to limbic structures.', 'To measure and compare signal intensities (SI) of cytoarchitectonically different cortical regions.', 'In 22 adult subjects, without psychiatric or neurological diseases, FLAIR sequence was performed in coronal slices, perpendicular to the main hippocampal axis. Signal intensity was measured, with a region-of-interest (ROI) function, in 12 different cortical regions. We compared these values and grouped the cortices into five groups: (1) limbic cortices, (2) paralimbic agranular cortices, (3) paralimbic granular cortices, (4) parietal-type neopallium, (5) frontal-type neopallium. A t-test for comparison of paired samples was performed, considering p</=0.05 as statistically significant.', 'We found statistically significant differences amongst the different groups, with the exception of groups 1 and 2, which did not show differences between them. No statistically significant differences were found among cortices belonging to the same group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,607 | Is albumin-adjusted calcium suitable for diagnosis of hyper- and hypocalcemia in the critically ill? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether calcium adjusted for albumin can be used to monitor calcium homeostasis in critically ill patients.",
"Prospective single-single center observational study.",
"Clinical laboratory and critical care unit of a regional teaching hospital.",
"Fifty-three paired samples were from 36 patients requiring intensive care treatment.",
"None.",
"Total calcium, albumin-adjusted calcium, and ionized calcium were measured in critically ill patients during an 8-wk period. Calcium was adjusted for albumin using the formula that is most frequently used in The Netherlands. Using ionized calcium as the gold standard, albumin-adjusted calcium overestimated hypercalcemia and totally missed hypocalcemia. The same seemed to be true for other formulas used for albumin or protein adjustment of calcium concentrations."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Bias",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Calcium",
"Critical Illness",
"False Negative Reactions",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Female",
"Homeostasis",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Hypercalcemia",
"Hypocalcemia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monitoring, Physiologic",
"Netherlands",
"Regression Analysis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Serum Albumin"
]
} | Albumin-adjusted calcium cannot be used in an intensive care setting to monitor reliably the calcium levels in critically ill patients and should be replaced by measurement of ionized calcium. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is albumin-adjusted calcium suitable for diagnosis of hyper- and hypocalcemia in the critically ill?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate whether calcium adjusted for albumin can be used to monitor calcium homeostasis in critically ill patients.', 'Prospective single-single center observational study.', 'Clinical laboratory and critical care unit of a regional teaching hospital.', 'Fifty-three paired samples were from 36 patients requiring intensive care treatment.', 'None.', 'Total calcium, albumin-adjusted calcium, and ionized calcium were measured in critically ill patients during an 8-wk period. Calcium was adjusted for albumin using the formula that is most frequently used in The Netherlands. Using ionized calcium as the gold standard, albumin-adjusted calcium overestimated hypercalcemia and totally missed hypocalcemia. The same seemed to be true for other formulas used for albumin or protein adjustment of calcium concentrations.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bias', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Calcium', 'Critical Illness', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Netherlands', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Serum Albumin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,774,386 | Does [ Studies on the chemical constituents of the stem of Alyxia sinensis ( I ) ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To demonstrate the chemical constituents of Alyxia sinensis.",
"Phytochmical experiment was carried out, using column chromatograph technologies.",
"Five compounds have been isolated from the petroleum ether soluble part of the stems of A. sinensis. Their structures have been elucidated respectively as heptatriacontane(1), octatriacontane(2), 20-noatriacontannone(3), 20-nonatriacontanone(4), 20-tetraacontanoe(5), physcion(6), emodin(7), chrysophanol(8), coumarin(9), stigmasterol acetate(10), beta-sitosterol acetate(11), lupeol(12), betulin(13), stigmasterol(14), beta-sitosterol(15), ursolic acid(16), oleanolic acid(17)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anthraquinones",
"Apocynaceae",
"Emodin",
"Plant Stems",
"Plants, Medicinal"
]
} | All these compounds are firstly been isolated from A. sinensis. And compound 5-9, 10, 11 are also been separated from Alyxiae genus for the first time. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Studies on the chemical constituents of the stem of Alyxia sinensis ( I ) ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To demonstrate the chemical constituents of Alyxia sinensis.', 'Phytochmical experiment was carried out, using column chromatograph technologies.', 'Five compounds have been isolated from the petroleum ether soluble part of the stems of A. sinensis. Their structures have been elucidated respectively as heptatriacontane(1), octatriacontane(2), 20-noatriacontannone(3), 20-nonatriacontanone(4), 20-tetraacontanoe(5), physcion(6), emodin(7), chrysophanol(8), coumarin(9), stigmasterol acetate(10), beta-sitosterol acetate(11), lupeol(12), betulin(13), stigmasterol(14), beta-sitosterol(15), ursolic acid(16), oleanolic acid(17).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anthraquinones', 'Apocynaceae', 'Emodin', 'Plant Stems', 'Plants, Medicinal']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,947 | Is intramuscular penicillin more effective than oral penicillin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever -- a systematic review? | {
"contexts": [
"People with a history of rheumatic fever (RF) are at high risk of recurrent attacks and of developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of RF and subsequent rheumatic heart disease. However, there is no agreement on the most effective method of giving penicillin.",
"To assess the effects of different penicillin regimens and formulations for preventing streptococcal infection and RF recurrence.",
"We searched the Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2001), Medline (January 1966-July 2000), Embase (January 1985-July 2000), reference lists of articles, and contacted experts in the field.",
"Randomised and quasi-randomised studies comparing: (i) oral with intramuscular penicillin; and (ii) 2- or 3-weekly with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin in patients with previous RF.",
"Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.",
"Six studies were included (1,707 patients). Data were not pooled because of clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the trials. Four trials (1,098 patients) compared intramuscular with oral penicillin and all showed that intramuscular penicillin was more effective in reducing RF recurrence and streptococcal throat infections than oral penicillin. One trial (360 patients) compared 2-weekly with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin. Penicillin given every 2 weeks was better at reducing RF recurrence (relative risk (RR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.83) and streptococcal throat infections (RR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.85). One trial (249 patients) showed that 3-weekly intramuscular penicillin injections reduced streptococcal throat infections (RR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92) compared with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Intramuscular penicillin seemed to be more effective than oral penicillin in preventing RF recurrence and streptococcal throat infections. Two-weekly or 3-weekly injections appeared to be more effective than 4-weekly injections. However, the evidence is based on poor-quality trials and the use of outdated formulations of oral penicillin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is intramuscular penicillin more effective than oral penicillin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever -- a systematic review?\nContext: {'contexts': ['People with a history of rheumatic fever (RF) are at high risk of recurrent attacks and of developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of RF and subsequent rheumatic heart disease. However, there is no agreement on the most effective method of giving penicillin.', 'To assess the effects of different penicillin regimens and formulations for preventing streptococcal infection and RF recurrence.', 'We searched the Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2001), Medline (January 1966-July 2000), Embase (January 1985-July 2000), reference lists of articles, and contacted experts in the field.', 'Randomised and quasi-randomised studies comparing: (i) oral with intramuscular penicillin; and (ii) 2- or 3-weekly with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin in patients with previous RF.', 'Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.', 'Six studies were included (1,707 patients). Data were not pooled because of clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the trials. Four trials (1,098 patients) compared intramuscular with oral penicillin and all showed that intramuscular penicillin was more effective in reducing RF recurrence and streptococcal throat infections than oral penicillin. One trial (360 patients) compared 2-weekly with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin. Penicillin given every 2 weeks was better at reducing RF recurrence (relative risk (RR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.83) and streptococcal throat infections (RR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.85). One trial (249 patients) showed that 3-weekly intramuscular penicillin injections reduced streptococcal throat infections (RR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92) compared with 4-weekly intramuscular penicillin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,259 | Does a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia map to chromosome 7q11-21? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) and map its genetic locus.",
"PCH is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been implied in many cases, but no genetic loci have been mapped to date.",
"The authors studied a consanguineous family from the Sultanate of Oman with three siblings with a novel form of PCH. The authors performed clinical studies and linkage analysis of this pedigree.",
"The clinical features of the affected children include developmental delay, progressive microcephaly with brachycephaly, seizures during the first year of life, hypotonia with hyperreflexia, short stature, and optic atrophy. Imaging studies showed a small pons and cerebellum, prominent sulci and lateral ventricles, and decreased cerebral white matter volume. A lack of dyskinesias distinguishes this pedigree from PCH type 2. Genetic studies of this family revealed evidence of significant linkage to chromosome 7q11-21 (maximum multipoint lod score 3.23)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abnormalities, Multiple",
"Cerebellum",
"Chromosome Mapping",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7",
"Consanguinity",
"Epilepsy",
"Fatal Outcome",
"Genes, Recessive",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Intellectual Disability",
"Lod Score",
"Microcephaly",
"Musculoskeletal Diseases",
"Oman",
"Pedigree",
"Pons"
]
} | This pedigree represents a novel form of autosomal recessive PCH, which the authors propose to call cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly (CLAM). This disorder maps to chromosome 7q11-21, and this locus was named CLAM. This report represents the first identification of a genetic locus for PCH. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia map to chromosome 7q11-21?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) and map its genetic locus.', 'PCH is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been implied in many cases, but no genetic loci have been mapped to date.', 'The authors studied a consanguineous family from the Sultanate of Oman with three siblings with a novel form of PCH. The authors performed clinical studies and linkage analysis of this pedigree.', 'The clinical features of the affected children include developmental delay, progressive microcephaly with brachycephaly, seizures during the first year of life, hypotonia with hyperreflexia, short stature, and optic atrophy. Imaging studies showed a small pons and cerebellum, prominent sulci and lateral ventricles, and decreased cerebral white matter volume. A lack of dyskinesias distinguishes this pedigree from PCH type 2. Genetic studies of this family revealed evidence of significant linkage to chromosome 7q11-21 (maximum multipoint lod score 3.23).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Cerebellum', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7', 'Consanguinity', 'Epilepsy', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Lod Score', 'Microcephaly', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', 'Oman', 'Pedigree', 'Pons']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,762,242 | Does [ Diagnostic value and cytomorphologic findings in bone marrow puncture in children with severe deficiency anemia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value the bone marrow aspiration in children with severe deficiency anaemia.",
"In this retrospective study we analysed 75 children 0-4 years of age who were diagnosed and treated from severe anaemia (Hb < 8g/dl) at Haematologic outpatient and hospital department of Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo in period of 01.01.1999. to 31.12.1999.",
"We analyzed totally 75 children--37 (49.33%) boys and 38 (50.67%) girls. Morphologic finding of bone marrow aspirate smear showed: features of ferriprive flora in 24% of analyzed patients; dimorphic bone marrow features in 9.3% of patients; feriprivic flora with dyshematopoesis in 62.7% and megaloblasic anaemia features in 1.3% of analyzed patients. In two children we diagnosed leukemias from bone marrow aspirate; one was ALL/L2 and the second was AML/M2 leukemia."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anemia, Iron-Deficiency",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Bone Marrow",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Leukemia",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | The most frequent found features of bone marrow aspirate were: feriprivic flora with dyshematopoesis. There was only one case of the megaloblastic bone marrow. But, the finding of dymorphic bone marrow indicated to pluricareny of ethiologic factors for beginning severe nutrititive anaemia. Special value of this paper was discovering of two cases of leukemia by the bone marrow aspirate analysis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Diagnostic value and cytomorphologic findings in bone marrow puncture in children with severe deficiency anemia ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value the bone marrow aspiration in children with severe deficiency anaemia.', 'In this retrospective study we analysed 75 children 0-4 years of age who were diagnosed and treated from severe anaemia (Hb < 8g/dl) at Haematologic outpatient and hospital department of Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo in period of 01.01.1999. to 31.12.1999.', 'We analyzed totally 75 children--37 (49.33%) boys and 38 (50.67%) girls. Morphologic finding of bone marrow aspirate smear showed: features of ferriprive flora in 24% of analyzed patients; dimorphic bone marrow features in 9.3% of patients; feriprivic flora with dyshematopoesis in 62.7% and megaloblasic anaemia features in 1.3% of analyzed patients. In two children we diagnosed leukemias from bone marrow aspirate; one was ALL/L2 and the second was AML/M2 leukemia.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,765,348 | Do macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG.",
"Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.",
"The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blotting, Western",
"Decidua",
"Female",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Ligands",
"Macrophages",
"Pregnancy",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, LH",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG.', 'Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.', 'The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blotting, Western', 'Decidua', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Ligands', 'Macrophages', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, LH', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,765,343 | Are pre-ovulatory granulosa cells of infertile women with endometriosis less sensitive to luteinizing hormone? | {
"contexts": [
"Reduced fertilization rates in women with minor endometriosis may be the result of direct effects on the ovary or to primary dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. This controlled study was designed to examine the steroidogenic potential of luteinized granulosa cells in women with minor endometriosis.",
"Granulosa cells were harvested at oocyte recovery and incubated for 3 hr in increasing concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). The dissociation constant for added concentrations of LH was computed (as Km LH) and the results were compared between women with endometriosis and controls.",
"Women with minor endometriosis had a higher dissociation constant than women with tubal damage [Km 0.98 (0.58-9.24) versus 0.33 (0.28-0.72) ng/mL, P = 0.019], indicating reduced sensitivity to LH."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Endometriosis",
"Female",
"Granulosa Cells",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Kinetics",
"Luteinizing Hormone"
]
} | In women with endometriosis, granulosa cells were less sensitive to LH stimulation. This provides further evidence for primary ovarian dysfunction as a significant contributory cause of the associated subfertility. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are pre-ovulatory granulosa cells of infertile women with endometriosis less sensitive to luteinizing hormone?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Reduced fertilization rates in women with minor endometriosis may be the result of direct effects on the ovary or to primary dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. This controlled study was designed to examine the steroidogenic potential of luteinized granulosa cells in women with minor endometriosis.', 'Granulosa cells were harvested at oocyte recovery and incubated for 3 hr in increasing concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). The dissociation constant for added concentrations of LH was computed (as Km LH) and the results were compared between women with endometriosis and controls.', 'Women with minor endometriosis had a higher dissociation constant than women with tubal damage [Km 0.98 (0.58-9.24) versus 0.33 (0.28-0.72) ng/mL, P = 0.019], indicating reduced sensitivity to LH.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Kinetics', 'Luteinizing Hormone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,767,089 | Is elevated serum endostatin associated with poor outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Endostatin is a cleaved fragment of collagen Type XVIII and has antiangiogenic activity. The clinical significance of circulating, soluble endostatin (S-endostatin) is not known.",
"Pretreatment S-endostatin and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (S-VEGF) levels were measured in 143 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using competitive enzyme immunoassays and were compared with the levels from a control group (n = 24 participants).",
"S-endostatin levels varied widely from 4.5 ng/mL to 116 ng/mL (median, 29.6 ng/mL), and the median level was higher in patients with NHL compared with patients in the control group (16.4 ng/mL; P = 0.05). High S-endostatin levels were associated with advanced disease stage (P < 0.0001) and high serum VEGF levels at diagnosis (P = 0.017). The median 5-year survival rate for patients who had S-endostatin concentrations within the highest tertile (> 36.0 ng/mL) was only 34% compared with 57% in patients who had lower S-endostatin levels (P = 0.019). A high S-endostatin level also was associated with a poor outcome in patients with large cell diffuse and immunoblastic lymphoma, which was the largest subgroup within the series (n = 60 patients). Patients who had high pretreatment levels of both S-VEGF and S-endostatin had particularly poor outcomes. High S-endostatin levels had an independent, adverse influence on survival it was entered as a factor into a multivariate analysis together with the factors included in the International Prognostic Index (relative risk, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.98; P = 0.0024)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Collagen",
"Collagen Type XVIII",
"Endostatins",
"Endothelial Growth Factors",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"L-Lactate Dehydrogenase",
"Lymphokines",
"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse",
"Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Peptide Fragments",
"Prognosis",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors"
]
} | High pretreatment levels of S-endostatin are associated with high serum VEGF levels and poor survival in patients with NHL. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the clinical value of longitudinal S-endostatin measurements. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is elevated serum endostatin associated with poor outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endostatin is a cleaved fragment of collagen Type XVIII and has antiangiogenic activity. The clinical significance of circulating, soluble endostatin (S-endostatin) is not known.', 'Pretreatment S-endostatin and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (S-VEGF) levels were measured in 143 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using competitive enzyme immunoassays and were compared with the levels from a control group (n = 24 participants).', 'S-endostatin levels varied widely from 4.5 ng/mL to 116 ng/mL (median, 29.6 ng/mL), and the median level was higher in patients with NHL compared with patients in the control group (16.4 ng/mL; P = 0.05). High S-endostatin levels were associated with advanced disease stage (P < 0.0001) and high serum VEGF levels at diagnosis (P = 0.017). The median 5-year survival rate for patients who had S-endostatin concentrations within the highest tertile (> 36.0 ng/mL) was only 34% compared with 57% in patients who had lower S-endostatin levels (P = 0.019). A high S-endostatin level also was associated with a poor outcome in patients with large cell diffuse and immunoblastic lymphoma, which was the largest subgroup within the series (n = 60 patients). Patients who had high pretreatment levels of both S-VEGF and S-endostatin had particularly poor outcomes. High S-endostatin levels had an independent, adverse influence on survival it was entered as a factor into a multivariate analysis together with the factors included in the International Prognostic Index (relative risk, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.98; P = 0.0024).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Collagen', 'Collagen Type XVIII', 'Endostatins', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lymphokines', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Prognosis', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,954 | Does lazaroid attenuate edema by stabilizing ATPase in the traumatized rat brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde levels and the neuronal viability in the rat brain subjected to cerebral trauma.",
"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was introduced by applying a 75 gm. cm force to the right parietal cortex using the weight-drop method. The first set of animals was used for determining time course changes of the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase and the malondialdehyde levels and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. A group of the animals was treated with U-83836E proir to TBI and sacrificed 24h after cerebral injury. A second set of animals was used for evaluating the alterations in BBB disruption and tissue water content and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. Two groups of animals were treated with U-83836E and sacrificed after 2 and 24h following TBI. U-83836E was given intraperitoneally thirty minutes before trauma at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Neuronal necrosis was also evaluated in the groups of U-83836E and physiological saline-treated animals.",
"Extravasation of Evans blue into the traumatized hemisphere was maximum at 2h (p<0.001) and returned close to the control levels at 24h after TBI (p>0.05). Edema had developed progressively over time and reached the maximum degree of 2.1% (p<0.001) at 24h. U-83836E showed no effect on the BBB breakdown and the tissue water content at 2h and still had no effect on the BBB breakdown after 24h following the trauma (p>0.05), although it reduced edema after 24h (p<0.01). The losses of Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were found as 39.5% (p<0.001) and 29.4% (p<0.01) of the control value, respectively, and remained at the decreased levels throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde level continued to increase over time reaching up to 209% (p<0.001) of the control value 24h after TBI. Both ATPase activities were improved to near control values (p>.05) by the effect of U-83836E. U-83836E inhibited the increase of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and also salvaged neuronal necrosis (p<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood-Brain Barrier",
"Body Water",
"Brain Infarction",
"Brain Injuries",
"Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase",
"Cell Survival",
"Chromans",
"Edema",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Evans Blue",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Male",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Nerve Degeneration",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Piperazines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase",
"Synaptosomes",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | U-83836E given prophylactically after cerebral trauma appears to reduce edema, possibly by inhibiting increases in lipid peroxidation and by stabilizing ATPase. Further studies are recommended to verify the similar effects of the brain penetrating lazaroids when they are given after trauma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lazaroid attenuate edema by stabilizing ATPase in the traumatized rat brain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde levels and the neuronal viability in the rat brain subjected to cerebral trauma.', 'Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was introduced by applying a 75 gm. cm force to the right parietal cortex using the weight-drop method. The first set of animals was used for determining time course changes of the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase and the malondialdehyde levels and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. A group of the animals was treated with U-83836E proir to TBI and sacrificed 24h after cerebral injury. A second set of animals was used for evaluating the alterations in BBB disruption and tissue water content and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. Two groups of animals were treated with U-83836E and sacrificed after 2 and 24h following TBI. U-83836E was given intraperitoneally thirty minutes before trauma at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Neuronal necrosis was also evaluated in the groups of U-83836E and physiological saline-treated animals.', 'Extravasation of Evans blue into the traumatized hemisphere was maximum at 2h (p<0.001) and returned close to the control levels at 24h after TBI (p>0.05). Edema had developed progressively over time and reached the maximum degree of 2.1% (p<0.001) at 24h. U-83836E showed no effect on the BBB breakdown and the tissue water content at 2h and still had no effect on the BBB breakdown after 24h following the trauma (p>0.05), although it reduced edema after 24h (p<0.01). The losses of Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were found as 39.5% (p<0.001) and 29.4% (p<0.01) of the control value, respectively, and remained at the decreased levels throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde level continued to increase over time reaching up to 209% (p<0.001) of the control value 24h after TBI. Both ATPase activities were improved to near control values (p>.05) by the effect of U-83836E. U-83836E inhibited the increase of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and also salvaged neuronal necrosis (p<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Body Water', 'Brain Infarction', 'Brain Injuries', 'Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase', 'Cell Survival', 'Chromans', 'Edema', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Evans Blue', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Piperazines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Synaptosomes', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,761,943 | Do [ The intraoperative application of neural response telemetry with the nucleus CI24M cochlear implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To test device integrity and objective auditory reaction for cochlear implant patients intraoperatively.",
"Our protocol for intraoperative testing of the implant device includes device electrode impedance test and neural response telemetry (NRT), which measures the electrically evoked auditory nerve compound action potentials (ECAP).",
"We completed electrode integrity tests and NRT intraoperatively on 40 patients with the Nucleus CI24M cochlear implant. We have measured normal implant function on all 40 patients and obtained ECAP results from 39 patients. Out of 33 patients with normal inner ear, typical ECAPs were recorded in 195 electrodes in all 198 testing electrodes(98.5%). In 7 patients with inner ear Mondini dysphasia, affirmative ECAP waveforms were recorded in 26 electrodes in all 42 testing electrodes. The basal electrode ECAP threshold was higher than that of the epical one."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Adolescent",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cochlear Implantation",
"Cochlear Implants",
"Cochlear Nerve",
"Deafness",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Monitoring, Intraoperative",
"Telemetry"
]
} | The intraoperative measurements of device function and NRT are quite simple, quick and with high accuracy. Inner ear malformation is an important factor that may affect NRT results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ The intraoperative application of neural response telemetry with the nucleus CI24M cochlear implant ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test device integrity and objective auditory reaction for cochlear implant patients intraoperatively.', 'Our protocol for intraoperative testing of the implant device includes device electrode impedance test and neural response telemetry (NRT), which measures the electrically evoked auditory nerve compound action potentials (ECAP).', 'We completed electrode integrity tests and NRT intraoperatively on 40 patients with the Nucleus CI24M cochlear implant. We have measured normal implant function on all 40 patients and obtained ECAP results from 39 patients. Out of 33 patients with normal inner ear, typical ECAPs were recorded in 195 electrodes in all 198 testing electrodes(98.5%). In 7 patients with inner ear Mondini dysphasia, affirmative ECAP waveforms were recorded in 26 electrodes in all 42 testing electrodes. The basal electrode ECAP threshold was higher than that of the epical one.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Action Potentials', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Cochlear Nerve', 'Deafness', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Telemetry']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,233 | Are major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young modifiable? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage, we designed a case-control study of men and women 18 to 49 years of age (the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project [HSP]). This report focuses on SAH.",
"Patients were recruited from 44 hospitals in the United States. Cases with SAH must have had a ruptured aneurysm documented by angiography or surgery. Two controls, identified by random digit dialing and matched to each patient for age, sex, race, and telephone exchange, were sought for each case subject.",
"Between 1994 and 1999, 425 patients with SAH were enrolled in HSP, and 312 cases met the criteria for aneurysmal SAH. The present analyses also included 618 matched controls. Of the 312 cases, 66% were current cigarette smokers compared with 30% of controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 2.67 to 5.21). Cocaine use within the previous 3-day period was reported by 3% of cases and no controls (bivariate exact OR, 24.97; 95% exact CI, 3.95 to infinity; adjusted estimate not calculable). Other independent risk factors in the multivariable model included hypertension (adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.29), low body mass index (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.35), primary family history of hemorrhagic stroke (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.73 to 8.46), caffeine in pharmaceutical products (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.20), lower educational achievement (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.87), and nicotine in pharmaceutical products (adjusted estimate not calculable)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cocaine-Related Disorders",
"Cohort Studies",
"Comorbidity",
"Cooperative Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Phenylpropanolamine",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Distribution",
"Smoking",
"Stroke",
"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage",
"Thinness",
"United States"
]
} | Aneurysmal SAH may be largely a preventable disease among the young and middle-aged because several prevalent risk factors can be modified by medication (eg, hypertension) or behavioral change (eg, cigarette smoking, cocaine use). The association of caffeine and nicotine in pharmaceutical products and aneurysmal SAH warrants further study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young modifiable?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage, we designed a case-control study of men and women 18 to 49 years of age (the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project [HSP]). This report focuses on SAH.', 'Patients were recruited from 44 hospitals in the United States. Cases with SAH must have had a ruptured aneurysm documented by angiography or surgery. Two controls, identified by random digit dialing and matched to each patient for age, sex, race, and telephone exchange, were sought for each case subject.', 'Between 1994 and 1999, 425 patients with SAH were enrolled in HSP, and 312 cases met the criteria for aneurysmal SAH. The present analyses also included 618 matched controls. Of the 312 cases, 66% were current cigarette smokers compared with 30% of controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 2.67 to 5.21). Cocaine use within the previous 3-day period was reported by 3% of cases and no controls (bivariate exact OR, 24.97; 95% exact CI, 3.95 to infinity; adjusted estimate not calculable). Other independent risk factors in the multivariable model included hypertension (adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.29), low body mass index (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.35), primary family history of hemorrhagic stroke (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.73 to 8.46), caffeine in pharmaceutical products (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.20), lower educational achievement (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.87), and nicotine in pharmaceutical products (adjusted estimate not calculable).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Phenylpropanolamine', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Smoking', 'Stroke', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Thinness', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,523 | Is acute pain underassessed in out-of-hospital emergencies? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the quality of pain assessment by emergency medical services (EMS) in out-of-hospital emergencies.",
"A prospective study was conducted on a convenience sample of patients during a one-year observation period. Pain ratings assessed by emergency patients were documented at three different intervals during the emergency call, and compared with concomitant assessments by EMS providers. A visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal pain scale (VPS) were used for pain assessment. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunnett's t-test were used for data analysis.",
"Fifty-one out of 70 eligible patients met inclusion criteria. In most emergency patients the intensity of pain was underestimated by EMS, especially when pain was severe (p = 0.0001). During the course of transport, both pain and pain assessment by EMS improved significantly (p = 0.0001). The VAS and VPS were significantly correlated (p = 0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Austria",
"Clinical Competence",
"Cohort Studies",
"Emergency Medical Services",
"Emergency Medical Technicians",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Physicians",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quality of Health Care",
"Time",
"Transportation of Patients"
]
} | EMS providers significantly underestimate their patients' pain severity. EMS providers should be more attentive to their patients' complaints and comfort. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is acute pain underassessed in out-of-hospital emergencies?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the quality of pain assessment by emergency medical services (EMS) in out-of-hospital emergencies.', \"A prospective study was conducted on a convenience sample of patients during a one-year observation period. Pain ratings assessed by emergency patients were documented at three different intervals during the emergency call, and compared with concomitant assessments by EMS providers. A visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal pain scale (VPS) were used for pain assessment. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunnett's t-test were used for data analysis.\", 'Fifty-one out of 70 eligible patients met inclusion criteria. In most emergency patients the intensity of pain was underestimated by EMS, especially when pain was severe (p = 0.0001). During the course of transport, both pain and pain assessment by EMS improved significantly (p = 0.0001). The VAS and VPS were significantly correlated (p = 0.0001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Austria', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cohort Studies', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Emergency Medical Technicians', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Physicians', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Time', 'Transportation of Patients']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,875 | Is the surgical error examination a novel method for objective technical knowledge assessment? | {
"contexts": [
"Objective analysis of surgical skill is necessary. A novel method of assessment using simple error analysis in synthetic models is examined for construct validity.",
"Two examination protocols were devised using synthetic models. These contained either a purpose made error or were representative of good surgical practice. Protocol one contained models of skin closure and minor operations. Protocol two in addition more complex procedures. Face validity was established by the approval of senior surgeons. Junior surgeons were recruited to undertake the assessment. A p value of less than 0.05 was deemed to be significant.",
"Eighty-nine surgeons were recruited. Both protocol one and two were able to discriminate between groups at statistically significant levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Clinical Competence",
"Dermatologic Surgical Procedures",
"Education, Medical, Graduate",
"Educational Measurement",
"General Surgery",
"Humans",
"Internship and Residency",
"Medical Errors",
"Minor Surgical Procedures",
"Models, Anatomic",
"Program Evaluation",
"Task Performance and Analysis"
]
} | Construct validity has been established by showing that error analysis is able to distinguish surgeons with varying levels of experience. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the surgical error examination a novel method for objective technical knowledge assessment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Objective analysis of surgical skill is necessary. A novel method of assessment using simple error analysis in synthetic models is examined for construct validity.', 'Two examination protocols were devised using synthetic models. These contained either a purpose made error or were representative of good surgical practice. Protocol one contained models of skin closure and minor operations. Protocol two in addition more complex procedures. Face validity was established by the approval of senior surgeons. Junior surgeons were recruited to undertake the assessment. A p value of less than 0.05 was deemed to be significant.', 'Eighty-nine surgeons were recruited. Both protocol one and two were able to discriminate between groups at statistically significant levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Clinical Competence', 'Dermatologic Surgical Procedures', 'Education, Medical, Graduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'General Surgery', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Medical Errors', 'Minor Surgical Procedures', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Program Evaluation', 'Task Performance and Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,322 | Does hypertension increase expression of growth factors and MHC II in chronic allograft nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypertension of the recipient is strongly associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is unclear, however, whether hypertension is the cause or the consequence of chronic allograft nephropathy.",
"The present study was performed in the Fisher to Lewis rat kidney transplant model. Transplanted rats (N = eight in each group) received either no treatment or were made hypertensive by administration of deoxycorticosteron acetate (DOCA) and salt. Proteinuria and systolic blood pressure was measured monthly, grafts were harvested at 3 and 6 months for semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for immunohistology.",
"Systolic blood pressure was markedly elevated in rats receiving DOCA/salt. Allografts of hypertensive animals contained significantly more cells expressing the proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to isografts and to allografts from normotensive animals (P < 0.05). Histologic staining and mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II was markedly increased in allografts of hypertensive animals compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen was higher in allografts than in isografts and was highest in hypertensive animals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Chronic Disease",
"Desoxycorticosterone",
"Gene Expression",
"Graft Rejection",
"Histocompatibility Antigens Class II",
"Hypertension, Renal",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Male",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | We conclude that hypertension augments the expression of growth factors in the allograft possibly aggravating the intimal hyperplasia observed in chronic allograft nephropathy. By increasing the expression of MHC II antigens, hypertension may render the allograft more susceptible to alloantigen-dependent damage. Hypertension and alloantigen-dependent factors appear to exert additive or synergistic effects on inflammatory pathways leading to graft injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypertension increase expression of growth factors and MHC II in chronic allograft nephropathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypertension of the recipient is strongly associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is unclear, however, whether hypertension is the cause or the consequence of chronic allograft nephropathy.', 'The present study was performed in the Fisher to Lewis rat kidney transplant model. Transplanted rats (N = eight in each group) received either no treatment or were made hypertensive by administration of deoxycorticosteron acetate (DOCA) and salt. Proteinuria and systolic blood pressure was measured monthly, grafts were harvested at 3 and 6 months for semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for immunohistology.', 'Systolic blood pressure was markedly elevated in rats receiving DOCA/salt. Allografts of hypertensive animals contained significantly more cells expressing the proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to isografts and to allografts from normotensive animals (P < 0.05). Histologic staining and mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II was markedly increased in allografts of hypertensive animals compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen was higher in allografts than in isografts and was highest in hypertensive animals.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Chronic Disease', 'Desoxycorticosterone', 'Gene Expression', 'Graft Rejection', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,778,394 | Does suboptimal restraint affect the pattern of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes? | {
"contexts": [
"Both solid and hollow visceral abdominal injuries have been associated with the use of seat belts in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. The relationship between the types of restraint used and the pattern of abdominal injury is unknown.",
"A probability sample of restrained children involved in crashes was enrolled in an ongoing crash surveillance system (1998 through 2002) linking insurance claims data to telephone survey and crash investigation data. Significant abdominal injuries were considered when the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was > or =2 and were defined as hollow visceral (HV; intestine, bladder), or solid visceral (liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney). Restraint type was categorized as optimal restraint (OR) or suboptimal restraint (S-OR) based on the child's age and size.",
"For the 33 months of review, interviews were obtained for 13,558 restrained children aged 0 to 15 years, of which, 56% were OR (n = 7,591) and 44% were S-OR (n = 5,967). A significant abdominal injury was recorded in 78 children. A hollow visceral injury was recorded in 38 (9 OR and 29 S-OR), and a solid visceral injury in 32 (18 OR and 14 S-OR). Both hollow and solid visceral injuries were present in 8 children (2 OR and 6 S-OR). Suboptimally restrained children had a higher risk for hollow visceral injury when compared with optimally restrained children (Odds Ratio, 4.14 [95% Confidence Interval 1.33 to 13.22, P <.01])."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abbreviated Injury Scale",
"Abdominal Injuries",
"Accidents, Traffic",
"Adolescent",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Infant",
"Infant Equipment",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Motor Vehicles",
"Protective Devices",
"Seat Belts",
"Wounds, Nonpenetrating"
]
} | Among restrained children with intraabdominal injuries, those who were suboptimally restrained were 4 times more likely to have a hollow visceral than a solid visceral injury when compared with those who were optimally restrained. This suggests that the mechanism of injury for hollow viscus may be directly related to the improper positioning of the restraint. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does suboptimal restraint affect the pattern of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Both solid and hollow visceral abdominal injuries have been associated with the use of seat belts in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. The relationship between the types of restraint used and the pattern of abdominal injury is unknown.', \"A probability sample of restrained children involved in crashes was enrolled in an ongoing crash surveillance system (1998 through 2002) linking insurance claims data to telephone survey and crash investigation data. Significant abdominal injuries were considered when the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was > or =2 and were defined as hollow visceral (HV; intestine, bladder), or solid visceral (liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney). Restraint type was categorized as optimal restraint (OR) or suboptimal restraint (S-OR) based on the child's age and size.\", 'For the 33 months of review, interviews were obtained for 13,558 restrained children aged 0 to 15 years, of which, 56% were OR (n = 7,591) and 44% were S-OR (n = 5,967). A significant abdominal injury was recorded in 78 children. A hollow visceral injury was recorded in 38 (9 OR and 29 S-OR), and a solid visceral injury in 32 (18 OR and 14 S-OR). Both hollow and solid visceral injuries were present in 8 children (2 OR and 6 S-OR). Suboptimally restrained children had a higher risk for hollow visceral injury when compared with optimally restrained children (Odds Ratio, 4.14 [95% Confidence Interval 1.33 to 13.22, P <.01]).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abbreviated Injury Scale', 'Abdominal Injuries', 'Accidents, Traffic', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant Equipment', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Motor Vehicles', 'Protective Devices', 'Seat Belts', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,243 | Does nitric oxide open second window of protection in ischemic preconditioning via induction of heat-shock protein 72? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during ischemic preconditioning (IP) upon the induction of heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) and the size-limiting effect of the second window of protection on infarction.",
"Rabbits were subjected to either 4 cycles of 5-min long coronary artery occlusion separated by 10 min of reperfusion, or a sham operation. During this procedure, we administered 10 mg/kg of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) intravenously 5 min before IP followed by its continuous infusion (1.5 mg/kg/min). Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, the hearts were rapidly excised for assay of HSP72 expression or were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion, at which point infarct size (IS) was measured.",
"Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, there was no difference in heart rate or mean arterial pressure between the groups. Immunoblotting revealed an increase in HSP72 protein levels in the IP group, which was blocked by L-NAME. IS in the IP rabbits was reduced compared with controls (29.8 +/- 3.7% vs. 50.8 +/- 4.3%, P < 0.01). IS in the IP rabbits was elevated as a result of L-NAME treatment (46.0 +/- 5.1%). Administration of L-arginine reversed the effects of L-NAME on the induction of HSP72 and IS (33.5 +/- 4.0%). The intravenous administration of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (an NO donor, 15 microg/kg/min) over 20 min increased the induction of HSP72 and reduced IS (31.3 +/- 5.7%, P < 0.01 vs. control) 24 h later."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Hemodynamics",
"Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial",
"Male",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Penicillamine",
"Rabbits"
]
} | These findings suggest that NO may be involved in the induction of HSP72 and the opening of the second window of protection of IP. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nitric oxide open second window of protection in ischemic preconditioning via induction of heat-shock protein 72?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during ischemic preconditioning (IP) upon the induction of heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) and the size-limiting effect of the second window of protection on infarction.', 'Rabbits were subjected to either 4 cycles of 5-min long coronary artery occlusion separated by 10 min of reperfusion, or a sham operation. During this procedure, we administered 10 mg/kg of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) intravenously 5 min before IP followed by its continuous infusion (1.5 mg/kg/min). Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, the hearts were rapidly excised for assay of HSP72 expression or were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion, at which point infarct size (IS) was measured.', 'Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, there was no difference in heart rate or mean arterial pressure between the groups. Immunoblotting revealed an increase in HSP72 protein levels in the IP group, which was blocked by L-NAME. IS in the IP rabbits was reduced compared with controls (29.8 +/- 3.7% vs. 50.8 +/- 4.3%, P < 0.01). IS in the IP rabbits was elevated as a result of L-NAME treatment (46.0 +/- 5.1%). Administration of L-arginine reversed the effects of L-NAME on the induction of HSP72 and IS (33.5 +/- 4.0%). The intravenous administration of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (an NO donor, 15 microg/kg/min) over 20 min increased the induction of HSP72 and reduced IS (31.3 +/- 5.7%, P < 0.01 vs. control) 24 h later.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hemodynamics', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Penicillamine', 'Rabbits']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,276 | Does oscillatory shear stress increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemodynamic forces affect smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of oscillatory shear stress (SS) on SMC proliferation and signal transduction pathways that control survival are not well described.",
"Bovine aortic SMC were exposed to arterial levels of oscillatory SS (14 dyne/cm(2)) with an orbital shaker; control cells were exposed to static conditions (0 dyne/cm(2)). Cell number and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation were measured after 1, 3, or 5 days of SS. Activation of the Akt pathway was assessed with the Western blot technique. Specificity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was determined with the Western blot technique with the inhibitors LY294002 (10 micromol/L) or wortmannin (25 nmol/L).",
"Arterial levels of oscillatory SS increased SMC cell number by 20.1 +/- 3.7% and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation by 33.4% +/- 6.8% at 5 days. To identify whether SS increased activity of the SMC survival pathway, Akt activation was measured. SMC exposed to SS demonstrated increased Akt phosphorylation compared with control cells, with maximal phosphorylation at 60 minutes. Both PI3K inhibitors specifically inhibited the increase in Akt phosphorylation in SMC exposed to oscillatory SS."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cattle",
"Cell Physiological Phenomena",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Hemodynamics",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Oscillometry",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Phosphorylation",
"Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Shear Strength",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stress, Physiological",
"Vascular Diseases"
]
} | SMC directly respond to oscillatory SS by increasing DNA synthesis, proliferation, and activation of the PI3K-Akt signal transduction pathway. These results suggest a mechanism of SMC survival and proliferation in response to endothelial-denuding arterial injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does oscillatory shear stress increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hemodynamic forces affect smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of oscillatory shear stress (SS) on SMC proliferation and signal transduction pathways that control survival are not well described.', 'Bovine aortic SMC were exposed to arterial levels of oscillatory SS (14 dyne/cm(2)) with an orbital shaker; control cells were exposed to static conditions (0 dyne/cm(2)). Cell number and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation were measured after 1, 3, or 5 days of SS. Activation of the Akt pathway was assessed with the Western blot technique. Specificity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was determined with the Western blot technique with the inhibitors LY294002 (10 micromol/L) or wortmannin (25 nmol/L).', 'Arterial levels of oscillatory SS increased SMC cell number by 20.1 +/- 3.7% and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation by 33.4% +/- 6.8% at 5 days. To identify whether SS increased activity of the SMC survival pathway, Akt activation was measured. SMC exposed to SS demonstrated increased Akt phosphorylation compared with control cells, with maximal phosphorylation at 60 minutes. Both PI3K inhibitors specifically inhibited the increase in Akt phosphorylation in SMC exposed to oscillatory SS.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Physiological Phenomena', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hemodynamics', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Oscillometry', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Shear Strength', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Vascular Diseases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,836 | Does unsteadiness reported by older hospitalized patients predict functional decline? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether a simple question about steadiness at admission predicts in-hospital functional decline and whether unsteadiness at admission predicts failure of in-hospital functional recovery of patients who have declined immediately before hospitalization.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"One university hospital and one community teaching hospital.",
"One thousand five hundred fifty-seven hospitalized medical patients aged 70 and older.",
"On admission, patients reported their steadiness with walking and whether they could perform independently each of five basic activities of daily living (ADLs) at admission and 2 weeks before admission (baseline). For the primary analysis, the outcome was decline in ADL function between admission and discharge. For the secondary analysis, the outcome was in-hospital recovery to baseline ADL function in patients who experienced ADL decline in the 2 weeks before admission.",
"In the primary cohort (n = 1,557), 25% of patients were very unsteady at admission; 22% of very unsteady patients declined during hospitalization, compared with 17%, 18%, and 10% for slightly unsteady, slightly steady, and very steady patients, respectively (P for trend =.001). After adjusting for age; medical comorbidities; Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; and admission ADL, unsteadiness remained significantly associated with ADL decline (odds for decline for very unsteady compared with very steady = 2.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-4.5). In the secondary analysis, predicting ADL recovery in patients who declined before hospitalization (n = 563), 46% of patients were very unsteady at admission. In this cohort, 44% of very unsteady patients failed to recover, compared with 35%, 36%, and 33% for each successively higher level of steadiness, respectively (P for trend = 0.06). After multivariate adjustment, greater unsteadiness independently predicted failure of recovery (P for trend = 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Female",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Physical Fitness",
"Postural Balance",
"Prospective Studies",
"Recovery of Function",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Walking"
]
} | A simple question about steadiness identified patients at increased risk for in-hospital ADL decline and, in patients who lost ADL function immediately before admission, failure to recover. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does unsteadiness reported by older hospitalized patients predict functional decline?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether a simple question about steadiness at admission predicts in-hospital functional decline and whether unsteadiness at admission predicts failure of in-hospital functional recovery of patients who have declined immediately before hospitalization.', 'Prospective cohort study.', 'One university hospital and one community teaching hospital.', 'One thousand five hundred fifty-seven hospitalized medical patients aged 70 and older.', 'On admission, patients reported their steadiness with walking and whether they could perform independently each of five basic activities of daily living (ADLs) at admission and 2 weeks before admission (baseline). For the primary analysis, the outcome was decline in ADL function between admission and discharge. For the secondary analysis, the outcome was in-hospital recovery to baseline ADL function in patients who experienced ADL decline in the 2 weeks before admission.', 'In the primary cohort (n = 1,557), 25% of patients were very unsteady at admission; 22% of very unsteady patients declined during hospitalization, compared with 17%, 18%, and 10% for slightly unsteady, slightly steady, and very steady patients, respectively (P for trend =.001). After adjusting for age; medical comorbidities; Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; and admission ADL, unsteadiness remained significantly associated with ADL decline (odds for decline for very unsteady compared with very steady = 2.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-4.5). In the secondary analysis, predicting ADL recovery in patients who declined before hospitalization (n = 563), 46% of patients were very unsteady at admission. In this cohort, 44% of very unsteady patients failed to recover, compared with 35%, 36%, and 33% for each successively higher level of steadiness, respectively (P for trend = 0.06). After multivariate adjustment, greater unsteadiness independently predicted failure of recovery (P for trend = 0.02).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Physical Fitness', 'Postural Balance', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recovery of Function', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Walking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,568 | Does targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibit hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced angiogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) can sufficiently and independently induce pathophysiological angiogenesis. However, the treatment strategies have mostly been unsuccessful. The present study is the first to evaluate the possible targeting of downstream signals for the inhibition of HGF/SF-induced angiogenesis.",
"In a multichannel scratch assay with human endothelial cells (ECs), HGF/SF induced a strong and prolonged activation of MAPK and cell proliferation that was inhibited by PD98059 and LY294002/wortmannin, selective inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K signaling modules, respectively. Western blotting demonstrated a temporal relation between the activation of the two pathways. Chemical inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK signals inhibited HGF/SF-induced chemoinvasion of ECs in vitro and blocked the HGF/SF-induced neovascularization into a polymer scaffold in vivo, as quantified by vessel counts and the clearance of radioactive 133Xe."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Androstadienes",
"Animals",
"Biological Assay",
"Cell Division",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chromones",
"Collagen",
"Drug Combinations",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Flavonoids",
"Hepatocyte Growth Factor",
"Humans",
"Laminin",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Morpholines",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Phosphorylation",
"Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Proteoglycans",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Signal Transduction",
"Wortmannin"
]
} | These data indicate that MEK and PI3K inhibitors represent a promising approach to the clinical management of pathological conditions characterized by overt HGF/SF-induced angiogenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibit hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced angiogenesis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) can sufficiently and independently induce pathophysiological angiogenesis. However, the treatment strategies have mostly been unsuccessful. The present study is the first to evaluate the possible targeting of downstream signals for the inhibition of HGF/SF-induced angiogenesis.', 'In a multichannel scratch assay with human endothelial cells (ECs), HGF/SF induced a strong and prolonged activation of MAPK and cell proliferation that was inhibited by PD98059 and LY294002/wortmannin, selective inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K signaling modules, respectively. Western blotting demonstrated a temporal relation between the activation of the two pathways. Chemical inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK signals inhibited HGF/SF-induced chemoinvasion of ECs in vitro and blocked the HGF/SF-induced neovascularization into a polymer scaffold in vivo, as quantified by vessel counts and the clearance of radioactive 133Xe.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Androstadienes', 'Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromones', 'Collagen', 'Drug Combinations', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Flavonoids', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Laminin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Morpholines', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proteoglycans', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Signal Transduction', 'Wortmannin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,966 | Are nutrient intake and iron status of urban poor and rural poor without access to rice fields affected by the emerging economic crisis : the case of pregnant Indonesian women? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intake in comparison with the Indonesian Estimated Average Requirement (EARs) among pregnant Indonesian women and explain the short-term effect of economic crisis on nutrient intake and iron status.",
"Cross-sectional study.",
"Purworejo District, Central Java, located 60 km west of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.",
"During the period from 1996 to 1998, up to six 24 h recalls were performed during the second trimester of pregnancy among 450 women. Nutrient intake and iron status was evaluated in relation to date of data collection relative to the economic crisis that emerged in August 1997. A computer program (Inafood) was developed to calculate nutrient intake.",
": Forty percent of the pregnant women were at risk of inadequate intake of energy and protein, and 70% were at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, calcium and iron even before the crisis. Our results also demonstrate an effect of short-term economic crisis on nutrient intake and iron status. When the crisis emerged, urban poor experienced a decrease in intake of most nutrients. During the crisis, rich women experienced a significant decrease in fat (P<0.05). Negative changes in fat density during crisis were experienced by the rich and the rural, poor, and access to rice field subgroups (P<0.01). A significant increase in carbohydrate densities was seen for the rich and rural, poor, and access to rice fields groups (P<0.05). Urban poor experienced decreased serum ferritin concentration (P<0.05), whereas rich women experienced a significant increase (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Body Composition",
"Calcium, Dietary",
"Economics",
"Female",
"Ferritins",
"Humans",
"Indonesia",
"Iron",
"Iron, Dietary",
"Nutritional Physiological Phenomena",
"Nutritional Status",
"Oryza",
"Poverty",
"Pregnancy",
"Risk Factors",
"Rural Population",
"Urban Population",
"Vitamin A"
]
} | Urban poor and rural poor landless women were most directly affected by the emerging economic crisis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are nutrient intake and iron status of urban poor and rural poor without access to rice fields affected by the emerging economic crisis : the case of pregnant Indonesian women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intake in comparison with the Indonesian Estimated Average Requirement (EARs) among pregnant Indonesian women and explain the short-term effect of economic crisis on nutrient intake and iron status.', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'Purworejo District, Central Java, located 60 km west of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.', 'During the period from 1996 to 1998, up to six 24 h recalls were performed during the second trimester of pregnancy among 450 women. Nutrient intake and iron status was evaluated in relation to date of data collection relative to the economic crisis that emerged in August 1997. A computer program (Inafood) was developed to calculate nutrient intake.', ': Forty percent of the pregnant women were at risk of inadequate intake of energy and protein, and 70% were at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, calcium and iron even before the crisis. Our results also demonstrate an effect of short-term economic crisis on nutrient intake and iron status. When the crisis emerged, urban poor experienced a decrease in intake of most nutrients. During the crisis, rich women experienced a significant decrease in fat (P<0.05). Negative changes in fat density during crisis were experienced by the rich and the rural, poor, and access to rice field subgroups (P<0.01). A significant increase in carbohydrate densities was seen for the rich and rural, poor, and access to rice fields groups (P<0.05). Urban poor experienced decreased serum ferritin concentration (P<0.05), whereas rich women experienced a significant increase (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Body Composition', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Economics', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Iron', 'Iron, Dietary', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Nutritional Status', 'Oryza', 'Poverty', 'Pregnancy', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Urban Population', 'Vitamin A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,515 | Does the bifunctional rat pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor/monitor peptide provide protection against premature activation of pancreatic juice? | {
"contexts": [
"In the rat, two forms of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI-I and PSTI-II, are secreted into pancreatic juice. It is assumed that their role is to protect the pancreas from premature activation of the protease-rich pancreatic juice. In the small intestine, PSTI-I, also called 'monitor peptide', is thought to have a different role: PSTI-I competes with protein for activated trypsin. In the presence of a protein-rich meal, free PSTI induces a release of cholecystokinine from the intestine.",
"To investigate whether its role as monitor peptide is compatible with the inhibitory, protective function in the pancreas, PSTI-I was chemically synthesized and then renatured.",
"The peptide was almost completely trypsin resistant and exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity to bovine and partially purified rat trypsin. Furthermore, experiments with trypsin- and endopeptidase-activated pancreatic juice demonstrated that its inhibitory capacity was sufficient to prevent premature activation. Binding studies of (125)I-labeled PSTI-I with the putative intestinal receptor using isolated membranes indicated the presence of high-affinity binding sites (k(d) = 5 x 10(-8)M). Binding of PSTI-I could be competed with excess PSTI-I or trypsin. In a biological assay system, injections of PSTI-I displayed monitor peptide activity by inducing a dose-dependent trypsinogen release from the pancreas."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Binding Sites",
"Binding, Competitive",
"Cattle",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Resistance",
"Endopeptidases",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Male",
"Pancreas",
"Pancreatic Juice",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Trypsin",
"Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic",
"Trypsin Inhibitors",
"Trypsinogen"
]
} | Our experiments support a dual function of PSTI-I: monitoring protein in the gut due to its 'moderate' affinity for trypsin and a protective role in the pancreas. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the bifunctional rat pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor/monitor peptide provide protection against premature activation of pancreatic juice?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"In the rat, two forms of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI-I and PSTI-II, are secreted into pancreatic juice. It is assumed that their role is to protect the pancreas from premature activation of the protease-rich pancreatic juice. In the small intestine, PSTI-I, also called 'monitor peptide', is thought to have a different role: PSTI-I competes with protein for activated trypsin. In the presence of a protein-rich meal, free PSTI induces a release of cholecystokinine from the intestine.\", 'To investigate whether its role as monitor peptide is compatible with the inhibitory, protective function in the pancreas, PSTI-I was chemically synthesized and then renatured.', 'The peptide was almost completely trypsin resistant and exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity to bovine and partially purified rat trypsin. Furthermore, experiments with trypsin- and endopeptidase-activated pancreatic juice demonstrated that its inhibitory capacity was sufficient to prevent premature activation. Binding studies of (125)I-labeled PSTI-I with the putative intestinal receptor using isolated membranes indicated the presence of high-affinity binding sites (k(d) = 5 x 10(-8)M). Binding of PSTI-I could be competed with excess PSTI-I or trypsin. In a biological assay system, injections of PSTI-I displayed monitor peptide activity by inducing a dose-dependent trypsinogen release from the pancreas.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cattle', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance', 'Endopeptidases', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Male', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Juice', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Trypsin', 'Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic', 'Trypsin Inhibitors', 'Trypsinogen']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,780,398 | Does topical medication interfere with face-down positioning after macular hole surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether different procedures of topical medication interfere with postoperative face-down positioning and thereby influence the anatomical success rate of macular hole surgery.",
"A total of 39 consecutive eyes with macular holes were operated with vitrectomy and fluid-gas exchange, followed by face-down positioning for 1 week. Postoperatively, the procedures for topical medication differed between two consecutive groups of patients. In the first group (16 patients), a conventional postoperative regimen of topical antibiotics and steroids was administered as eye drops six times daily. In the second group (23 patients), topical medication was administered as ointments once daily, while the patients kept their heads straight forwards and looked slightly downwards.",
"The macular hole closed successfully in 10 (62.5%) of the 16 eyes in the eye drop group, and in 21 (91.3%) of the 23 eyes in the ointment group (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Topical",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Chloramphenicol",
"Dexamethasone",
"Female",
"Fluorocarbons",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Ointments",
"Ophthalmic Solutions",
"Postoperative Care",
"Prone Position",
"Retinal Perforations",
"Visual Acuity",
"Vitrectomy",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | The present study indicates that frequent postoperative administration of eye drops reduces the success rate of macular hole surgery. To prevent patients from looking upwards during the instillation of topical antibiotics and steroids, the use of ointments is recommended. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does topical medication interfere with face-down positioning after macular hole surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether different procedures of topical medication interfere with postoperative face-down positioning and thereby influence the anatomical success rate of macular hole surgery.', 'A total of 39 consecutive eyes with macular holes were operated with vitrectomy and fluid-gas exchange, followed by face-down positioning for 1 week. Postoperatively, the procedures for topical medication differed between two consecutive groups of patients. In the first group (16 patients), a conventional postoperative regimen of topical antibiotics and steroids was administered as eye drops six times daily. In the second group (23 patients), topical medication was administered as ointments once daily, while the patients kept their heads straight forwards and looked slightly downwards.', 'The macular hole closed successfully in 10 (62.5%) of the 16 eyes in the eye drop group, and in 21 (91.3%) of the 23 eyes in the ointment group (p < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ointments', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Postoperative Care', 'Prone Position', 'Retinal Perforations', 'Visual Acuity', 'Vitrectomy', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,780,748 | Is the corticotrophin-releasing hormone test the most reliable noninvasive method to differentiate pituitary from ectopic ACTH secretion in Cushing 's syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been reported previously that the paired interpretation of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the 8-mg dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) could have higher diagnostic power than any single test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. This finding has not been confirmed thereafter in large series. The aim of the present study has been to assess the operating characteristics of either the CRH test or the overnight HDDST and also to evaluate the potential utility of combining the interpretation of both tests in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.",
"We have reviewed the medical records of 59 consecutive cases with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: 49 patients with proven Cushing's disease (CD) and 10 patients with proven ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). Univariate curves of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) have been performed to define the best cut-off values, the sensitivity and the specificity for CRH and overnight HDDST. A comparison between the areas under the ROC curves has also been performed.",
"For the CRH test, the point on the ROC curve closest to 1 corresponded to a value of ACTH percentage increment of 50%[sensitivity 86% (72.6-94.8) and specificity 90% (55.5-98.3)]. The best threshold for cortisol percentage (30%) increment gave inferior results [sensitivity 61% (45.5-75.6) and specificity 70% (34.8-93.0)]. For the HDDST, the point on the ROC curve closest to 1 corresponded to a value of cortisol decrease from the baseline of 50%[sensitivity 77% (62.7-88.5), specificity 60% (26.4-87.6)]. The area under the ROC curve of the ACTH percentage increment after CRH was significantly greater than the area under the diagonal [0.9 (0.7-1.0), P= 0.0001]. Conversely, the area under the cortisol percentage decrement after dexamethasone was not different from that obtained by chance [0.7 (0.5-0.9), P= ns]. The area under the ROC curve of CRH is significantly greater than that of overnight HDDST (P = 0.03). A correct diagnosis has been achieved by the CRH test in 86.5% of cases and by the HDDST in 73% (P = 0.06). The combination of both tests has given a correct diagnosis in a significantly lower percentage of cases than the CRH test alone (69%, P= 0.04). The bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) has been performed in 29 patients (24 CD, five EAS) who had negative imaging and/or discordant results of the noninvasive tests. Considering the criterion of a central to peripheral ACTH ratio > 3 after CRH stimulation, a correct diagnosis was achieved in all cases."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic",
"Adenoma",
"Adolescent",
"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Child",
"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Cushing Syndrome",
"Depression, Chemical",
"Dexamethasone",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pituitary Neoplasms",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve"
]
} | The present data suggest that the CRH is likely to be the most reliable noninvasive diagnostic procedure for the differential diagnosis of the ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. The criterion for a diagnosis of EAS is an ACTH percentage increment lower than 50%. The use of a combination of tests is not recommended because it does not add valuable information and may even impair the outcome of the CRH test. Cases with discordant results in pituitary imaging and CRH test should undergo BIPSS. The validity of this approach, which is straightforward and easily applicable in clinical practice, should be verified in larger series. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the corticotrophin-releasing hormone test the most reliable noninvasive method to differentiate pituitary from ectopic ACTH secretion in Cushing 's syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"It has been reported previously that the paired interpretation of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the 8-mg dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) could have higher diagnostic power than any single test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. This finding has not been confirmed thereafter in large series. The aim of the present study has been to assess the operating characteristics of either the CRH test or the overnight HDDST and also to evaluate the potential utility of combining the interpretation of both tests in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.\", \"We have reviewed the medical records of 59 consecutive cases with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: 49 patients with proven Cushing's disease (CD) and 10 patients with proven ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). Univariate curves of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) have been performed to define the best cut-off values, the sensitivity and the specificity for CRH and overnight HDDST. A comparison between the areas under the ROC curves has also been performed.\", 'For the CRH test, the point on the ROC curve closest to 1 corresponded to a value of ACTH percentage increment of 50%[sensitivity 86% (72.6-94.8) and specificity 90% (55.5-98.3)]. The best threshold for cortisol percentage (30%) increment gave inferior results [sensitivity 61% (45.5-75.6) and specificity 70% (34.8-93.0)]. For the HDDST, the point on the ROC curve closest to 1 corresponded to a value of cortisol decrease from the baseline of 50%[sensitivity 77% (62.7-88.5), specificity 60% (26.4-87.6)]. The area under the ROC curve of the ACTH percentage increment after CRH was significantly greater than the area under the diagonal [0.9 (0.7-1.0), P= 0.0001]. Conversely, the area under the cortisol percentage decrement after dexamethasone was not different from that obtained by chance [0.7 (0.5-0.9), P= ns]. The area under the ROC curve of CRH is significantly greater than that of overnight HDDST (P = 0.03). A correct diagnosis has been achieved by the CRH test in 86.5% of cases and by the HDDST in 73% (P = 0.06). The combination of both tests has given a correct diagnosis in a significantly lower percentage of cases than the CRH test alone (69%, P= 0.04). The bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) has been performed in 29 patients (24 CD, five EAS) who had negative imaging and/or discordant results of the noninvasive tests. Considering the criterion of a central to peripheral ACTH ratio > 3 after CRH stimulation, a correct diagnosis was achieved in all cases.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic', 'Adenoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Dexamethasone', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,658 | Does intraspinal adenosine induce spinal cord norepinephrine release in spinal nerve-ligated rats but not in normal or sham controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Intrathecal adenosine is antinociceptive under conditions of central sensitization, but not in response to acute stimuli in normals. The reasons for this selective circumstance of action remain unclear, but some evidence links adenosine's antinociceptive effects to release of norepinephrine by terminals in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to test whether spinal adenosine induces norepinephrine release selectively in settings of hypersensitivity.",
"Rats randomly assigned to spinal nerve ligation, sham operation, or no operation were anesthetized. A microdialysis fiber was implanted in the spinal cord dorsal horn at the L5-L6 level and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. After washout and a baseline sample period, adenosine at various concentrations was infused through the fiber for 150 min, and samples were collected every 15 min.",
"In ligated, but not in sham or normal animals, adenosine perfusion increased norepinephrine in spinal cord microdialysates in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of adenosine plateaued after 75 min and remained stable until the end of the experiment. Intravenous injection of selective adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists revealed that adenosine's effect on spinal norepinephrine release was A1 receptor mediated."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine",
"Animals",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Injections, Spinal",
"Ligation",
"Male",
"Microdialysis",
"Norepinephrine",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Spinal Cord",
"Spinal Nerves",
"Theobromine",
"Time Factors",
"Xanthines"
]
} | This is the first study to provide direct evidence that adenosine is able to release norepinephrine in spinal cord dorsal horns in living animals. However, this effect was only seen in animals after spinal nerve ligation. These data are consistent with behavioral studies demonstrating that adenosine's antinociceptive effects in rats after spinal nerve ligation is totally dependent on intact spinal noradrenergic terminals and can be blocked by spinal alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intraspinal adenosine induce spinal cord norepinephrine release in spinal nerve-ligated rats but not in normal or sham controls?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Intrathecal adenosine is antinociceptive under conditions of central sensitization, but not in response to acute stimuli in normals. The reasons for this selective circumstance of action remain unclear, but some evidence links adenosine's antinociceptive effects to release of norepinephrine by terminals in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to test whether spinal adenosine induces norepinephrine release selectively in settings of hypersensitivity.\", 'Rats randomly assigned to spinal nerve ligation, sham operation, or no operation were anesthetized. A microdialysis fiber was implanted in the spinal cord dorsal horn at the L5-L6 level and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. After washout and a baseline sample period, adenosine at various concentrations was infused through the fiber for 150 min, and samples were collected every 15 min.', \"In ligated, but not in sham or normal animals, adenosine perfusion increased norepinephrine in spinal cord microdialysates in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of adenosine plateaued after 75 min and remained stable until the end of the experiment. Intravenous injection of selective adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists revealed that adenosine's effect on spinal norepinephrine release was A1 receptor mediated.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Nerves', 'Theobromine', 'Time Factors', 'Xanthines']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,657 | Are postoperative morphine use and hyperalgesia reduced by preoperative but not intraoperative epidural analgesia : implications for preemptive analgesia and the prevention of central sensitization? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control.",
"Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia.",
"One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P < 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Psychological",
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Analgesia, Epidural",
"Analgesia, Patient-Controlled",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Fentanyl",
"Gynecologic Surgical Procedures",
"Humans",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Intraoperative Period",
"Lidocaine",
"Mental Health",
"Middle Aged",
"Morphine",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain Threshold",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Preoperative Care",
"Social Support",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are postoperative morphine use and hyperalgesia reduced by preoperative but not intraoperative epidural analgesia : implications for preemptive analgesia and the prevention of central sensitization?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control.', 'Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia.', 'One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P < 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Lidocaine', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Preoperative Care', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,659 | Does intrathecal morphine reduce the visceromotor response to acute uterine cervical distension in an estrogen-independent manner? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute uterine cervical distension (UCD) forms the basis for obstetric and some gynecologic pain. Systemic morphine inhibits the visceromotor response to UCD in rats by an action in the central nervous system, but the effect of morphine is blocked by exposure to estrogen. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this estrogen blockade of the action of morphine reflects a spinal mechanism.",
"Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats received estrogen or placebo treatment for 1 week after ovariectomy. Rats were then anesthetized, and the electromyographic response in the rectus abdominis muscle to UCD was recorded in the absence and presence of cumulative dosing with intrathecal morphine.",
"Estrogen treatment did not alter the stimulus- response relationship between UCD and reflex muscle contraction. Intrathecal morphine reduced the visceromotor reflex response to UCD in a dose-dependent manner that was unaffected by estrogen treatment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Weight",
"Cervix Uteri",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Electromyography",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Injections, Spinal",
"Morphine",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle, Smooth",
"Naloxone",
"Narcotic Antagonists",
"Ovariectomy",
"Pain",
"Physical Stimulation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Uterus"
]
} | These data suggest that intrathecal morphine is effective in reducing the visceromotor response to UCD and that the reduction in efficacy of systemic morphine in this model is unlikely to reflect a reduction of the efficacy of morphine at the spinal level. These data agree with clinical studies that indicate that systemic morphine, in doses that reduce acute postoperative pain, have minimal to no effect in women in labor, yet intrathecal injection of opioids provides rapid, complete analgesia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intrathecal morphine reduce the visceromotor response to acute uterine cervical distension in an estrogen-independent manner?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Acute uterine cervical distension (UCD) forms the basis for obstetric and some gynecologic pain. Systemic morphine inhibits the visceromotor response to UCD in rats by an action in the central nervous system, but the effect of morphine is blocked by exposure to estrogen. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this estrogen blockade of the action of morphine reflects a spinal mechanism.', 'Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats received estrogen or placebo treatment for 1 week after ovariectomy. Rats were then anesthetized, and the electromyographic response in the rectus abdominis muscle to UCD was recorded in the absence and presence of cumulative dosing with intrathecal morphine.', 'Estrogen treatment did not alter the stimulus- response relationship between UCD and reflex muscle contraction. Intrathecal morphine reduced the visceromotor reflex response to UCD in a dose-dependent manner that was unaffected by estrogen treatment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electromyography', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Morphine', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Naloxone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Ovariectomy', 'Pain', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,033 | Is electro-anatomic mapping of the right atrium : anatomic abnormality an important substrate? | {
"contexts": [
"To map and compare the right atrium in patients with AF to those with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT, as control group) and to investigate the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormality of the right atrium in AF.",
"The anatomy and electrophysiology of right atrium and cavotricuspid isthmus were evaluated in 20 patients with AF (16 M/4 F, mean age 55.9 +/- 10.68 years) and 26 patients with AVNRT (9 M/17 F, mean age 47.50 +/- 19.56 years) during coronary sinus pacing at 600 ms prior to ablation with electro-anatomical mapping system. Right atrial volume (RAV), the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus (IsL, IsW), unipolar and bipolar voltage in the right atrium (UniV-RA, BiV-RA) were measured and compared between patients with AF and those with AVNRT.",
"RAV, IsL, IsW, UniV-RA, and BiV-RA were 143.22 +/- 40.72 vs 104.35 +/- 21.06 ml, 39.31 +/- 8.10 vs 32.42 +/- 9.77 mm, 30.54 +/- 7.48 vs 23.15 +/- 6.61 mm, 1.96 +/- 1.24 vs 1.53 +/- 0.91 mv and 1.47 +/- 1.47 vs 1.29 +/- 1.12 mv in AF and AVNRT respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Atrial Flutter",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Female",
"Heart Atria",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry"
]
} | The right atrial volume is larger; both the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus are greater. Unipolar and bipolar voltages in the right atrium are higher in AF than in AVNRT, suggesting that the enlarged right atrium, increased length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus, and concomitant atrial hypertrophy are important substrates for initiation and perpetuation of typical AF. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is electro-anatomic mapping of the right atrium : anatomic abnormality an important substrate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To map and compare the right atrium in patients with AF to those with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT, as control group) and to investigate the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormality of the right atrium in AF.', 'The anatomy and electrophysiology of right atrium and cavotricuspid isthmus were evaluated in 20 patients with AF (16 M/4 F, mean age 55.9 +/- 10.68 years) and 26 patients with AVNRT (9 M/17 F, mean age 47.50 +/- 19.56 years) during coronary sinus pacing at 600 ms prior to ablation with electro-anatomical mapping system. Right atrial volume (RAV), the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus (IsL, IsW), unipolar and bipolar voltage in the right atrium (UniV-RA, BiV-RA) were measured and compared between patients with AF and those with AVNRT.', 'RAV, IsL, IsW, UniV-RA, and BiV-RA were 143.22 +/- 40.72 vs 104.35 +/- 21.06 ml, 39.31 +/- 8.10 vs 32.42 +/- 9.77 mm, 30.54 +/- 7.48 vs 23.15 +/- 6.61 mm, 1.96 +/- 1.24 vs 1.53 +/- 0.91 mv and 1.47 +/- 1.47 vs 1.29 +/- 1.12 mv in AF and AVNRT respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Flutter', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,700 | Do adolescent girls ' personal experience with Baby Think It Over infant simulator? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore adolescent girls' personal experience with an infant simulator that had to be cared for over a period of 1 to 2 weeks.",
"This qualitative study employed the phenomenological approach and utilized Colaizzi's method of analysis. Participants were nine adolescent high school girls who were interviewed and audiotaped. Interview data were coded using NUD*IST 4 software.",
"Three themes emerged from the data. They were (1) a parenting journey incorporating intellectual, emotive, and physical faculties; (2) recognizing the illusionary nature of previously held ideas about parenting an infant; and (3) offering counsel based on the BTIO experience."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adolescent Behavior",
"Attitude to Health",
"Female",
"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice",
"Humans",
"Infant Care",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Manikins",
"Nursing Methodology Research",
"Parenting",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy in Adolescence",
"Psychology, Adolescent",
"Qualitative Research",
"Role Playing",
"Sex Education"
]
} | The new perspectives gained by the participants about parenting a newborn infant differed markedly from the romantic fantasies they held prior to the experience. The teens started thinking more seriously about the consequences of sexual activity. Used for 1 to 2 weeks, in conjunction with budgeting exercises and provocative small-group discussions, the BTIO shows promise as an effective tool in helping to modify unrealistic and idealized teen views of adolescent pregnancy and parenting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do adolescent girls ' personal experience with Baby Think It Over infant simulator?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To explore adolescent girls' personal experience with an infant simulator that had to be cared for over a period of 1 to 2 weeks.\", \"This qualitative study employed the phenomenological approach and utilized Colaizzi's method of analysis. Participants were nine adolescent high school girls who were interviewed and audiotaped. Interview data were coded using NUD*IST 4 software.\", 'Three themes emerged from the data. They were (1) a parenting journey incorporating intellectual, emotive, and physical faculties; (2) recognizing the illusionary nature of previously held ideas about parenting an infant; and (3) offering counsel based on the BTIO experience.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant Care', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Manikins', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Parenting', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Psychology, Adolescent', 'Qualitative Research', 'Role Playing', 'Sex Education']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,669 | Do [ Clinical application of the multichannel auditory brainstem implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the surgical techniques and speech performance of multichannel auditory brainstem implant (ABI) in patients with bilateral acoustic neuromas (neurofibromatosis type 2).",
"The nucleus 21 channel auditory brainstem implant was implanted into the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle through the translabyrinthine approach in 7 patients after removal of the tumor. The accurate placement of electrode array was ensured by the electromyogram monitoring of the 7th and 9th nerves and the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABR). Initial switch-on occurred six weeks postoperatively. Speech evaluation was performed every 3 months for the first year and annually thereafter.",
"During the surgery, the lateral recess could be found and the typical EABR could be recorded in 6 cases. They later reported a significant benefit from the device. Two of the cases have achieved functional open-set speech understanding. In contrast, one patient with no EABR because of difficulty of the anatomic location during the surgery had no sensations postoperatively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Auditory Brain Stem Implants",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem",
"Female",
"Hearing Loss, Bilateral",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neurofibromatosis 2",
"Neuroma, Acoustic",
"Speech Perception"
]
} | The multichannel ABI could effectively restore auditory sensations in patients deafened by bilateral acoustic neuromas. The accurate location of the cochlear nucleus complex during surgery was the key factor for the success of the operation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Clinical application of the multichannel auditory brainstem implant ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the surgical techniques and speech performance of multichannel auditory brainstem implant (ABI) in patients with bilateral acoustic neuromas (neurofibromatosis type 2).', 'The nucleus 21 channel auditory brainstem implant was implanted into the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle through the translabyrinthine approach in 7 patients after removal of the tumor. The accurate placement of electrode array was ensured by the electromyogram monitoring of the 7th and 9th nerves and the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABR). Initial switch-on occurred six weeks postoperatively. Speech evaluation was performed every 3 months for the first year and annually thereafter.', 'During the surgery, the lateral recess could be found and the typical EABR could be recorded in 6 cases. They later reported a significant benefit from the device. Two of the cases have achieved functional open-set speech understanding. In contrast, one patient with no EABR because of difficulty of the anatomic location during the surgery had no sensations postoperatively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Auditory Brain Stem Implants', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Bilateral', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurofibromatosis 2', 'Neuroma, Acoustic', 'Speech Perception']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,523 | Does foam during reconstitution affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A? | {
"contexts": [
"Among factors that may affect the potency of botulinum toxin A (Botox), it is said that foam, together with bubbles, may cause surface denaturation of the toxin.",
"To determine whether the muscle relaxation effect of Botox is preserved and has the same duration when it is reconstituted in the presence of foam.",
"Six female volunteers, aged 42 to 56 years old, were treated for glabellar and periocular wrinkles. Each half of the face was treated with 16 U of Botox divided in four sites: three at the lateral orbital area and one at the medial brow, in the glabellar region. The right side received Botox gently reconstituted with saline to avoid foaming formation. The left side of the face was treated with Botox that was rapidly reconstituted in order to achieve as many bubbles as possible, even with shaking. Blinded observers compared pretreatment and posttreatment photographs and answered assessment-related questions. The results were analyzed clinically and statistically.",
"There was no difference in muscle paralysis between treated sides in all patients, neither in early (15 days) nor late (4 months) follow-up evaluations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Botulinum Toxins, Type A",
"Drug Compounding",
"Drug Stability",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuromuscular Agents"
]
} | Botox maintains its potency even in the presence of foaming during the reconstitution process. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does foam during reconstitution affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Among factors that may affect the potency of botulinum toxin A (Botox), it is said that foam, together with bubbles, may cause surface denaturation of the toxin.', 'To determine whether the muscle relaxation effect of Botox is preserved and has the same duration when it is reconstituted in the presence of foam.', 'Six female volunteers, aged 42 to 56 years old, were treated for glabellar and periocular wrinkles. Each half of the face was treated with 16 U of Botox divided in four sites: three at the lateral orbital area and one at the medial brow, in the glabellar region. The right side received Botox gently reconstituted with saline to avoid foaming formation. The left side of the face was treated with Botox that was rapidly reconstituted in order to achieve as many bubbles as possible, even with shaking. Blinded observers compared pretreatment and posttreatment photographs and answered assessment-related questions. The results were analyzed clinically and statistically.', 'There was no difference in muscle paralysis between treated sides in all patients, neither in early (15 days) nor late (4 months) follow-up evaluations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromuscular Agents']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,752,525 | Do deep resting glabellar rhytides respond to BTX-A and Hylan B? | {
"contexts": [
"BTX-A is the standard treatment for glabellar furrows. However, some individuals have resting glabellar rhytides that are sufficiently deep that they respond poorly to BTX-A alone.",
"To compare the efficacy of BTX-A combined with intradermal Hylan B with the efficacy of BTX-A alone in individuals with moderate to severe glabellar rhytides.",
"This was a retrospective study of 16 subjects with moderate to severe glabellar rhytides. Their response to Hylan B plus BTX-A was compared clinically and photographically to their response to BTX-A alone.",
"All subjects had moderate or severe glabellar rhytides at rest before treatment. After BTX-A alone, none (0%) had achieved no or mild rhytides. After BTX-A and Hylan B injection, only 1 of 16 (6%) had moderate glabellar rhytides, with the remainder (94%) being mild."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Botulinum Toxins, Type A",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Female",
"Forehead",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronic Acid",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuromuscular Agents",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Skin Aging",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Moderate to severe glabellar rhytides were treated better by BTX-A combined with Hylan B injection than by BTX-A alone. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do deep resting glabellar rhytides respond to BTX-A and Hylan B?\nContext: {'contexts': ['BTX-A is the standard treatment for glabellar furrows. However, some individuals have resting glabellar rhytides that are sufficiently deep that they respond poorly to BTX-A alone.', 'To compare the efficacy of BTX-A combined with intradermal Hylan B with the efficacy of BTX-A alone in individuals with moderate to severe glabellar rhytides.', 'This was a retrospective study of 16 subjects with moderate to severe glabellar rhytides. Their response to Hylan B plus BTX-A was compared clinically and photographically to their response to BTX-A alone.', 'All subjects had moderate or severe glabellar rhytides at rest before treatment. After BTX-A alone, none (0%) had achieved no or mild rhytides. After BTX-A and Hylan B injection, only 1 of 16 (6%) had moderate glabellar rhytides, with the remainder (94%) being mild.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Forehead', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Skin Aging', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,769,148 | Does corneal thickness result in the Menicon Z 30-day continuous wear and ACUVUE 7-day extended-wear contact lens clinical trial? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to measure the corneal thickness changes associated with wearing 30-day tisilfocon A (Dk = 163) and 6-day etafilcon A (Dk = 28) contact lenses. The probable cause of the outcomes is discussed.",
"Thirty subjects were fitted with Menicon Z rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses and a control group (n = 30) was fitted with ACUVUE hydrogel lenses, at two study sites. After a 2-week period of daily wear, subjects began prolonged wear. Measurements were performed at the dispensing visit, and then at the 2-week daily wear, the 1-week, 6-month, and 12-month extended- and continuous-wear visits.",
"Repeated measures analysis of covariance was performed on mean corneal thickness. There was a significant increase in corneal thickness in the hydrogel lens extended-wear group compared to the RGP group (P = 0.03). The mean corneal thickness in the ACUVUE group was 2.58% higher at the 2-week daily wear visit, 2.38% higher at the 1-week extended-wear visit, 2.96% higher at the 6-month, and 2.97% higher at the 1-year visit compared to the RGP continuous-wear patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Biocompatible Materials",
"Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear",
"Cornea",
"Corneal Edema",
"Humans",
"Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate",
"Hypoxia",
"Visual Acuity"
]
} | Patients wearing high-Dk RGP contact lenses for continuous wear may have thinner corneas (within the normal thickness range) probably because of minimal hypoxia-induced corneal stromal swelling; RGP-induced reversible corneal epithelial compression; deceased epithelial sloughing; or long-term contact lens-induced keratocyte apoptosis. Patients wearing hydrogel contact lenses for extended wear may have thicker corneas because of hypoxia-induced corneal stromal swelling. Additional evidence of corneal hypoxic stress is seen in the higher prevalence of striae and epithelial microcysts in the hydrogel group and greater variability of corneal thickness measurements in the soft contact lens group in our results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does corneal thickness result in the Menicon Z 30-day continuous wear and ACUVUE 7-day extended-wear contact lens clinical trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was conducted to measure the corneal thickness changes associated with wearing 30-day tisilfocon A (Dk = 163) and 6-day etafilcon A (Dk = 28) contact lenses. The probable cause of the outcomes is discussed.', 'Thirty subjects were fitted with Menicon Z rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses and a control group (n = 30) was fitted with ACUVUE hydrogel lenses, at two study sites. After a 2-week period of daily wear, subjects began prolonged wear. Measurements were performed at the dispensing visit, and then at the 2-week daily wear, the 1-week, 6-month, and 12-month extended- and continuous-wear visits.', 'Repeated measures analysis of covariance was performed on mean corneal thickness. There was a significant increase in corneal thickness in the hydrogel lens extended-wear group compared to the RGP group (P = 0.03). The mean corneal thickness in the ACUVUE group was 2.58% higher at the 2-week daily wear visit, 2.38% higher at the 1-week extended-wear visit, 2.96% higher at the 6-month, and 2.97% higher at the 1-year visit compared to the RGP continuous-wear patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Edema', 'Humans', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Hypoxia', 'Visual Acuity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,762,273 | Does exercise training counteract the abnormal release of plasma endothelin-1 in normal subjects at risk for hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypothesis that in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents exercise training could influence the systemic release of endothelin (ET)-1 during a provocative testing protocol was tested.",
"The provocative handgrip test was performed in four groups of healthy young age-matched males: offspring of hypertensive parents following a regular swimming exercise regimen (group A, n = 14); offspring of hypertensive parents and leading a sedentary lifestyle (group B, n = 11); normal volunteers with no family history of hypertension: sedentary (group C, n = 10), and following a regular swimming regimen (group D, n = 10). The plasma ET-1 was measured at baseline, after 4 min of handgrip exercise at 50% maximal capacity and following 2 (R2) and 10 (R10) min of recovery from handgrip.",
"ET-1 plasma levels, within the normal range in all groups at baseline (group A 0.94 +/- 0.32 pg/ml, group B 0.84 +/- 0.26 pg/ml, group C 0.78 +/- 0.35 pg/ml, group D 0.85 +/- 0.26, p = NS) showed a progressive and significant increase in group B during and after handgrip exercise (peak handgrip 1.08 +/- 0.5 pg/ml, p = NS; R2 1.35 +/- 0.36 pg/ml, p < 0.05; R10 2.76 +/- 0.75 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Significant differences were found at R2 and R10 when the ET-1 levels measured in group B were compared to those observed in group A, group C and group D. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the serum levels of ET-1 significantly contributed to predict handgrip-induced changes when the diastolic blood pressure was the dependent variable."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Height",
"Body Weight",
"Endothelin-1",
"Exercise",
"Exercise Therapy",
"Family Health",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Reference Values",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Routine aerobic exercise appeared to counteract the handgrip-induced abnormal release of plasma ET-1 and may favorably affect the preclinical endothelial alterations seen in healthy offspring of hypertensive parents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does exercise training counteract the abnormal release of plasma endothelin-1 in normal subjects at risk for hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The hypothesis that in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents exercise training could influence the systemic release of endothelin (ET)-1 during a provocative testing protocol was tested.', 'The provocative handgrip test was performed in four groups of healthy young age-matched males: offspring of hypertensive parents following a regular swimming exercise regimen (group A, n = 14); offspring of hypertensive parents and leading a sedentary lifestyle (group B, n = 11); normal volunteers with no family history of hypertension: sedentary (group C, n = 10), and following a regular swimming regimen (group D, n = 10). The plasma ET-1 was measured at baseline, after 4 min of handgrip exercise at 50% maximal capacity and following 2 (R2) and 10 (R10) min of recovery from handgrip.', 'ET-1 plasma levels, within the normal range in all groups at baseline (group A 0.94 +/- 0.32 pg/ml, group B 0.84 +/- 0.26 pg/ml, group C 0.78 +/- 0.35 pg/ml, group D 0.85 +/- 0.26, p = NS) showed a progressive and significant increase in group B during and after handgrip exercise (peak handgrip 1.08 +/- 0.5 pg/ml, p = NS; R2 1.35 +/- 0.36 pg/ml, p < 0.05; R10 2.76 +/- 0.75 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Significant differences were found at R2 and R10 when the ET-1 levels measured in group B were compared to those observed in group A, group C and group D. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the serum levels of ET-1 significantly contributed to predict handgrip-induced changes when the diastolic blood pressure was the dependent variable.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Endothelin-1', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Family Health', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,762,270 | Are patients with chronic heart failure encountered in daily clinical practice different from the `` typical '' patient enrolled in therapeutic trials? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials on congestive heart failure treatment with those of real-world patients encountered in daily clinical practice.",
"We searched the Cochrane review methodology, Medline and SilverPlatter databases to obtain the clinical characteristics of both patients enrolled in therapeutic clinical trials and real-world patients with heart failure. We selected 27 clinical trials, and 8 prospective epidemiological studies or registries published between 1987 and 2001 which enrolled 53,859 and 18,207 patients, respectively.",
"On average, compared to real-world heart failure patients, patients enrolled in clinical trials were younger (63 +/- 10 vs 75 +/- 11 years respectively, p < 0.0001), and more likely to be male (72 vs 54% respectively, p < 0.0001). Clinical trial patients showed a lower ejection fraction (26 +/- 7 vs 38 +/- 15% respectively, p < 0.0001) but a lower prevalence of NYHA functional class III-IV (62 vs 75% respectively, p < 0.0001) than real-world patients. In clinical trial patients, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (67 vs 42% respectively, p < 0.0001) and a history of previous myocardial infarction (62 vs 42% respectively, p < 0.0001) were higher than in real-world patients. Conversely, the prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation (12 vs 31% respectively, p < 0.0001) and of diabetes (22 vs 24% respectively, p < 0.02) was lower in trial patients than in real-world patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our data suggest that most clinical trials on congestive heart failure, on which the guidelines for clinical practice are based, have generally included patients who are not representative of the whole spectrum of patients actually managed in clinical practice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are patients with chronic heart failure encountered in daily clinical practice different from the `` typical '' patient enrolled in therapeutic trials?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials on congestive heart failure treatment with those of real-world patients encountered in daily clinical practice.', 'We searched the Cochrane review methodology, Medline and SilverPlatter databases to obtain the clinical characteristics of both patients enrolled in therapeutic clinical trials and real-world patients with heart failure. We selected 27 clinical trials, and 8 prospective epidemiological studies or registries published between 1987 and 2001 which enrolled 53,859 and 18,207 patients, respectively.', 'On average, compared to real-world heart failure patients, patients enrolled in clinical trials were younger (63 +/- 10 vs 75 +/- 11 years respectively, p < 0.0001), and more likely to be male (72 vs 54% respectively, p < 0.0001). Clinical trial patients showed a lower ejection fraction (26 +/- 7 vs 38 +/- 15% respectively, p < 0.0001) but a lower prevalence of NYHA functional class III-IV (62 vs 75% respectively, p < 0.0001) than real-world patients. In clinical trial patients, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (67 vs 42% respectively, p < 0.0001) and a history of previous myocardial infarction (62 vs 42% respectively, p < 0.0001) were higher than in real-world patients. Conversely, the prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation (12 vs 31% respectively, p < 0.0001) and of diabetes (22 vs 24% respectively, p < 0.02) was lower in trial patients than in real-world patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,736 | Is topotecan an active agent in the first-line treatment of metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3E93? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the clinical activity and the toxicity profile of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor, topotecan, in women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma.",
"A prospective, phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients had histologically confirmed advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, measurable disease, no prior cytotoxic therapy, an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, and evidence of disease progression while on progestins or after radiation therapy. Topotecan was administered at 1.5 mg/m(2) (or 1.2 mg/m(2) for patients with prior pelvic radiation) intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks.",
"A total of 44 patients were enrolled; 42 were eligible. The study was suspended because of unexpected toxicities, primarily sepsis and bleeding. After toxicity review, the study was reopened using lower doses of topotecan (1.0 mg/m(2) or 0.8 mg/m(2) for patients with prior radiation therapy). In addition, prophylactic use of growth factors was allowed after the first cycle, and patients with performance status of 2 were excluded. The major toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Among the 40 assessable patients, there were three (7.5%) complete responders and five partial responders (12.5%), for an overall response rate of 20%. The median duration of response was 8.0 months and of overall survival was 6.5 months."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Endometrial Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Prospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"Topotecan",
"United States"
]
} | Topotecan is an active agent for the treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma. At the doses and schedules initially used, toxicities were unacceptable; however, at the modified doses, toxicities were acceptable and clinical activity was preserved. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is topotecan an active agent in the first-line treatment of metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3E93?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the clinical activity and the toxicity profile of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor, topotecan, in women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma.', 'A prospective, phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients had histologically confirmed advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, measurable disease, no prior cytotoxic therapy, an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, and evidence of disease progression while on progestins or after radiation therapy. Topotecan was administered at 1.5 mg/m(2) (or 1.2 mg/m(2) for patients with prior pelvic radiation) intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks.', 'A total of 44 patients were enrolled; 42 were eligible. The study was suspended because of unexpected toxicities, primarily sepsis and bleeding. After toxicity review, the study was reopened using lower doses of topotecan (1.0 mg/m(2) or 0.8 mg/m(2) for patients with prior radiation therapy). In addition, prophylactic use of growth factors was allowed after the first cycle, and patients with performance status of 2 were excluded. The major toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Among the 40 assessable patients, there were three (7.5%) complete responders and five partial responders (12.5%), for an overall response rate of 20%. The median duration of response was 8.0 months and of overall survival was 6.5 months.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Topotecan', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,347 | Is rabeprazole superior to omeprazole for the inhibition of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid output is considered to be a reliable means to evaluate drug-mediated inhibition of stimulated gastric acid output, an important measure of the efficacy of the agents--such as proton pump inhibitors--used to treat acid-related disorders.",
"To compare the initial and overall inhibitory effects on peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion of rabeprazole and omeprazole, 20 mg, in Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects on the first and eighth days of treatment.",
"Healthy volunteers (n = 27) were randomized in a single-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2 x 2 cross-over study. Subjects received an oral dose of rabeprazole or omeprazole, 20 mg once daily, for 8 days. After a 2-4-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to receive the other medication for 8 days. Peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was measured at hours 11 and 23 at baseline and on days 1 and 8 of treatment.",
"On days 1 and 8, rabeprazole demonstrated a significantly greater inhibition of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion compared with omeprazole at all time points (P < 0.03). Median values of steady-state inhibition on day 1 were statistically significant at hour 23 (rabeprazole 100% vs. omeprazole 74%, P < 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles",
"Adult",
"Anti-Ulcer Agents",
"Benzimidazoles",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Female",
"Gastric Acid",
"Gastric Acidity Determination",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Omeprazole",
"Postprandial Period",
"Rabeprazole",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Rabeprazole, 20 mg, demonstrated superior control of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion compared with omeprazole, 20 mg, after the first dose and after the eighth daily dose. Rabeprazole achieved a more rapid onset of acid inhibition and a greater steady-state reduction in peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is rabeprazole superior to omeprazole for the inhibition of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid output is considered to be a reliable means to evaluate drug-mediated inhibition of stimulated gastric acid output, an important measure of the efficacy of the agents--such as proton pump inhibitors--used to treat acid-related disorders.', 'To compare the initial and overall inhibitory effects on peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion of rabeprazole and omeprazole, 20 mg, in Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects on the first and eighth days of treatment.', 'Healthy volunteers (n = 27) were randomized in a single-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2 x 2 cross-over study. Subjects received an oral dose of rabeprazole or omeprazole, 20 mg once daily, for 8 days. After a 2-4-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to receive the other medication for 8 days. Peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was measured at hours 11 and 23 at baseline and on days 1 and 8 of treatment.', 'On days 1 and 8, rabeprazole demonstrated a significantly greater inhibition of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion compared with omeprazole at all time points (P < 0.03). Median values of steady-state inhibition on day 1 were statistically significant at hour 23 (rabeprazole 100% vs. omeprazole 74%, P < 0.02).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles', 'Adult', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Acidity Determination', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Omeprazole', 'Postprandial Period', 'Rabeprazole', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,641 | Is circulating adrenomedullin increased in relation with increased creatinine and atrial natriuretic peptide in liver-transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent vasorelaxing and natriuretic peptide involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, is increased after cardiac and renal transplantation. ADM is also implicated in hemodynamic abnormalities during liver cirrhosis, but whether ADM is increased late after liver transplantation is unknown.",
"A total of 18 subjects--10 liver-transplant patients (Ltx) and 8 healthy subjects--were enrolled in the study.",
"After a 15-min rest period in supine position, heart rate and systemic blood pressure were determined in all subjects. Then, venous blood samples were obtained in order to simultaneously determine the cyclosporine through levels, the biological (cyclosporine, renal and hepatic functions) and hormonal (ADM and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)) characteristics of the Ltx.",
"ADM (27.2+/-4.1 vs. 53.8+/-6.9 pmol/l, P=0.02), and ANP (5.9+/-0.9 vs. 12.8+/-1.4 pmol/l, P=0.001) were significantly increased in late, stable Ltx (35.4+/-9.6 months after transplantation). Furthermore, increased ADM correlated positively with elevated creatinine (r=0.76, P=0.01) and ANP (r=0.64, P=0.04) after liver transplantation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenomedullin",
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Body Mass Index",
"Creatine",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Liver Function Tests",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Middle Aged",
"Peptides",
"Postoperative Period",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Liver-transplant patients exhibit a sustained increase in circulating ADM. Such an increase likely results from renal impairment associated with volume regulation abnormalities, suggesting a potential role for ADM in volume regulation after liver transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is circulating adrenomedullin increased in relation with increased creatinine and atrial natriuretic peptide in liver-transplant recipients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Circulating adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent vasorelaxing and natriuretic peptide involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, is increased after cardiac and renal transplantation. ADM is also implicated in hemodynamic abnormalities during liver cirrhosis, but whether ADM is increased late after liver transplantation is unknown.', 'A total of 18 subjects--10 liver-transplant patients (Ltx) and 8 healthy subjects--were enrolled in the study.', 'After a 15-min rest period in supine position, heart rate and systemic blood pressure were determined in all subjects. Then, venous blood samples were obtained in order to simultaneously determine the cyclosporine through levels, the biological (cyclosporine, renal and hepatic functions) and hormonal (ADM and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)) characteristics of the Ltx.', 'ADM (27.2+/-4.1 vs. 53.8+/-6.9 pmol/l, P=0.02), and ANP (5.9+/-0.9 vs. 12.8+/-1.4 pmol/l, P=0.001) were significantly increased in late, stable Ltx (35.4+/-9.6 months after transplantation). Furthermore, increased ADM correlated positively with elevated creatinine (r=0.76, P=0.01) and ANP (r=0.64, P=0.04) after liver transplantation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenomedullin', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Body Mass Index', 'Creatine', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptides', 'Postoperative Period', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,983 | Does a family history of smoking predict heightened levels of stress-induced cigarette craving? | {
"contexts": [
"Individuals with histories of smoking in first-degree relatives are significantly more likely to be persistent smokers themselves. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. Considerable research has demonstrated that smokers display heightened levels of cigarette craving after being exposed to stressful situations, and the magnitude of these craving responses is thought to be predictive of later cessation failure. Based on this research, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that smokers with two or more first-degree relatives who smoked (FH+) would exhibit stronger craving reactions following stressful stimuli than smokers without such family histories (FH-).",
"We recruited 83 smokers by advertisement (mean age = 41.2 years, 57% female, 41% completed some college, 59% African American).",
"The study was conducted in an interview room in an urban medical center.",
"Participants were exposed to a neutral situation (changing a lightbulb) and a stressful situation (dental work) using script-guided imagery.",
"Participants completed background measures of demographics, distress and smoking behavior. In addition, participants completed cigarette craving and anxiety questionnaires immediately before and after each condition.",
"Supporting the study hypothesis, FH+ smokers (n = 39) selectively displayed stronger craving reactions to dental imagery (P < 0.03) than did FH- smokers (n = 44)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Behavior, Addictive",
"Family",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Smoking",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Tobacco Use Disorder"
]
} | The higher levels of stress-induced cigarette craving demonstrated experimentally for individuals with family histories of smoking suggest one mechanism for their poorer cessation success. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a family history of smoking predict heightened levels of stress-induced cigarette craving?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Individuals with histories of smoking in first-degree relatives are significantly more likely to be persistent smokers themselves. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. Considerable research has demonstrated that smokers display heightened levels of cigarette craving after being exposed to stressful situations, and the magnitude of these craving responses is thought to be predictive of later cessation failure. Based on this research, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that smokers with two or more first-degree relatives who smoked (FH+) would exhibit stronger craving reactions following stressful stimuli than smokers without such family histories (FH-).', 'We recruited 83 smokers by advertisement (mean age = 41.2 years, 57% female, 41% completed some college, 59% African American).', 'The study was conducted in an interview room in an urban medical center.', 'Participants were exposed to a neutral situation (changing a lightbulb) and a stressful situation (dental work) using script-guided imagery.', 'Participants completed background measures of demographics, distress and smoking behavior. In addition, participants completed cigarette craving and anxiety questionnaires immediately before and after each condition.', 'Supporting the study hypothesis, FH+ smokers (n = 39) selectively displayed stronger craving reactions to dental imagery (P < 0.03) than did FH- smokers (n = 44).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Smoking', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Tobacco Use Disorder']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,778,023 | Are early changes in left ventricular volume and function predictors for long-term remodeling in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to describe the degree of long-term left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute transmural myocardial infarction with preserved LV systolic function, and to evaluate whether Doppler echocardiographic parameters in the early phase could predict this process.",
"A total of 60 patients without heart failure and with LV ejection fraction > or = 0.40 (mean 0.48 +/- 0.054), were followed up with Doppler echocardiographic examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 1 and 2 years.",
"There was a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index of 7% (P =.006) and LV end-systolic volume index of 8% (P =.03), and no change in ejection fraction. This remodeling was confined to 7 patients (12%) with a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index above 20 mL/m(2). There was also a significant increase in the deceleration time of both the early mitral filling wave (Delta early mitral filling wave = 58 milliseconds, P <.0005) and the diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow (Delta diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow = 61 milliseconds, P <.0005), and a shift in filling pattern with increasing prevalence of abnormal relaxation. Changes in end-diastolic volume index were predicted by baseline early mitral filling wave less than 100 milliseconds, but the most powerful predictors of 2-year remodeling were volume changes at 3 months."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Stroke Volume",
"Time Factors",
"Ventricular Function, Left",
"Ventricular Remodeling"
]
} | Twelve percent of patients with Q-wave infarction and ejection fraction > or = 0.40 experienced significant LV dilatation at 2 years, and this late remodeling was partly related to baseline filling characteristics. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are early changes in left ventricular volume and function predictors for long-term remodeling in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We sought to describe the degree of long-term left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute transmural myocardial infarction with preserved LV systolic function, and to evaluate whether Doppler echocardiographic parameters in the early phase could predict this process.', 'A total of 60 patients without heart failure and with LV ejection fraction > or = 0.40 (mean 0.48 +/- 0.054), were followed up with Doppler echocardiographic examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 1 and 2 years.', 'There was a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index of 7% (P =.006) and LV end-systolic volume index of 8% (P =.03), and no change in ejection fraction. This remodeling was confined to 7 patients (12%) with a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index above 20 mL/m(2). There was also a significant increase in the deceleration time of both the early mitral filling wave (Delta early mitral filling wave = 58 milliseconds, P <.0005) and the diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow (Delta diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow = 61 milliseconds, P <.0005), and a shift in filling pattern with increasing prevalence of abnormal relaxation. Changes in end-diastolic volume index were predicted by baseline early mitral filling wave less than 100 milliseconds, but the most powerful predictors of 2-year remodeling were volume changes at 3 months.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stroke Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Remodeling']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,350 | Do drainage of deep pelvic abscesses using therapeutic echo endoscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endosonographically guided transrectal aspiration and drainage by plastic stent of deep pelvic abscesses, using a therapeutic echo endoscope device.",
"Between September 2000 and June 2001, 12 patients (nine men, three women, mean age 67 years) were treated for a perirectal or a pelvic abscess using an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technique. The drainage of these fluid collections was performed under EUS guidance, using therapeutic EUS scopes with a large working channel.",
"No major complication occurred during this study. Transrectal stent insertion succeeded in nine patients. In three patients, only aspiration was possible. Among the nine patients in whom a stent was successfully introduced into the fluid collection, complete drainage without relapse was achieved in eight patients (mean follow-up 10.6 months, range 6-14 months). The stent was removed endoscopically after 3 to 6 months. Drainage was incomplete in one patient (with a large abscess, diameter > 8 cm), who subsequently underwent surgical drainage. However, two out of the three patients in whom aspiration alone was performed developed a recurrence of the abscess and required surgical treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abscess",
"Aged",
"Drainage",
"Endoscopes",
"Endosonography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pelvis",
"Rectum",
"Stents",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | EUS-guided drainage of deep pelvic abscesses could offer an alternative treatment to surgery in the management of these postoperative complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do drainage of deep pelvic abscesses using therapeutic echo endoscopy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endosonographically guided transrectal aspiration and drainage by plastic stent of deep pelvic abscesses, using a therapeutic echo endoscope device.', 'Between September 2000 and June 2001, 12 patients (nine men, three women, mean age 67 years) were treated for a perirectal or a pelvic abscess using an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technique. The drainage of these fluid collections was performed under EUS guidance, using therapeutic EUS scopes with a large working channel.', 'No major complication occurred during this study. Transrectal stent insertion succeeded in nine patients. In three patients, only aspiration was possible. Among the nine patients in whom a stent was successfully introduced into the fluid collection, complete drainage without relapse was achieved in eight patients (mean follow-up 10.6 months, range 6-14 months). The stent was removed endoscopically after 3 to 6 months. Drainage was incomplete in one patient (with a large abscess, diameter > 8 cm), who subsequently underwent surgical drainage. However, two out of the three patients in whom aspiration alone was performed developed a recurrence of the abscess and required surgical treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abscess', 'Aged', 'Drainage', 'Endoscopes', 'Endosonography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvis', 'Rectum', 'Stents', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,805 | Does functional response of bladder strips from streptozotocin diabetic rats depend on bladder mass? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the relationship of bladder mass to responses to electrical field stimulation and adrenergic agonists in diabetic rat bladders.",
"Longitudinal strips were removed from the ventral and dorsal detrusor of age matched control, 2-month diabetic and sucrose drinking rats. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, KCl and phenylephrine, and relaxation in response to norepinephrine and isoproterenol were measured.",
"Bladders from sucrose drinking and diabetic rats weighed significantly more than those of controls. Diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups with the bladder weighing less than or greater than 265 mg. Strips from small diabetic bladders were generally more responsive to field stimulation and norepinephrine than those from control or sucrose drinking rats. Conversely decreased function was especially apparent in dorsal strips from large diabetic bladders. Ventral strips were significantly more sensitive to the relaxant actions of norepinephrine and isoproterenol than dorsal strips."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic alpha-Agonists",
"Adrenergic beta-Agonists",
"Animals",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Electric Stimulation",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Isoproterenol",
"Male",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle Relaxation",
"Norepinephrine",
"Organ Size",
"Phenylephrine",
"Potassium Chloride",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Urinary Bladder"
]
} | Our results suggest that the responsiveness of diabetic rat bladder to electrical field stimulation and adrenergic agonists is related to bladder mass, analogous to observations after partial outlet obstruction. Decreased function was particularly apparent in dorsal strips from diabetic rats with a large bladder. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does functional response of bladder strips from streptozotocin diabetic rats depend on bladder mass?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the relationship of bladder mass to responses to electrical field stimulation and adrenergic agonists in diabetic rat bladders.', 'Longitudinal strips were removed from the ventral and dorsal detrusor of age matched control, 2-month diabetic and sucrose drinking rats. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, KCl and phenylephrine, and relaxation in response to norepinephrine and isoproterenol were measured.', 'Bladders from sucrose drinking and diabetic rats weighed significantly more than those of controls. Diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups with the bladder weighing less than or greater than 265 mg. Strips from small diabetic bladders were generally more responsive to field stimulation and norepinephrine than those from control or sucrose drinking rats. Conversely decreased function was especially apparent in dorsal strips from large diabetic bladders. Ventral strips were significantly more sensitive to the relaxant actions of norepinephrine and isoproterenol than dorsal strips.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Electric Stimulation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Norepinephrine', 'Organ Size', 'Phenylephrine', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Urinary Bladder']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,285 | Does cyclic AMP activate B-Raf and ERK in cyst epithelial cells from autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys? | {
"contexts": [
"The proliferation of mural epithelial cells is a major cause of progressive cyst enlargement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates the proliferation of cells from ADPKD cysts, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex (HKC), through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK/MAPK). In the current study, we examined the signaling pathway between PKA and MEK in ADPKD and HKC cells.",
"Primary cultures of human ADPKD and HKC cells were prepared from nephrectomy specimens. We determined the effects of cAMP and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the activation of ERK, B-Raf and Raf-1 in ADPKD and HKC cells by immune kinase assay and Western blot.",
"8-Br-cAMP increased phosphorylated ERK (2.7- +/- 0.6-fold, N = 7), and B-Raf kinase activity (3.6- +/- 1.1-fold, N = 5) in cells from ADPKD kidneys; levels of phosphorylated Raf-1 were not changed. Inhibition of PKA by H89 strikingly decreased cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and B-Raf, and MAPK inhibition by PD98059 blocked the effect of the nucleotide to activate ERK. By contrast, in HKC cells 8-Br-cAMP did not activate B-Raf and ERK. EGF stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK and Raf-1 in both ADPKD and HKC cells, but had no effect on B-Raf. 8-Br-cAMP and EGF conjointly increased ERK activation above that of either agonist alone in ADPKD cells, and this combined effect was abolished by PD98059, indicating that ERK was activated by EGF- and cAMP-responsive cascades that converge at MAPK."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cyclic AMP",
"Drug Interactions",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Cortex",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf"
]
} | cAMP activates ERK and increases proliferation of ADPKD epithelial cells, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex, through the sequential phosphorylation of PKA, B-Raf and MAPK in a pathway separate from, but complementary to, the classical receptor tyrosine kinase cascade. Consequently, cAMP and EGF have great potential to accelerate the progressive enlargement of renal cysts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cyclic AMP activate B-Raf and ERK in cyst epithelial cells from autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The proliferation of mural epithelial cells is a major cause of progressive cyst enlargement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates the proliferation of cells from ADPKD cysts, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex (HKC), through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK/MAPK). In the current study, we examined the signaling pathway between PKA and MEK in ADPKD and HKC cells.\", 'Primary cultures of human ADPKD and HKC cells were prepared from nephrectomy specimens. We determined the effects of cAMP and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the activation of ERK, B-Raf and Raf-1 in ADPKD and HKC cells by immune kinase assay and Western blot.', '8-Br-cAMP increased phosphorylated ERK (2.7- +/- 0.6-fold, N = 7), and B-Raf kinase activity (3.6- +/- 1.1-fold, N = 5) in cells from ADPKD kidneys; levels of phosphorylated Raf-1 were not changed. Inhibition of PKA by H89 strikingly decreased cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and B-Raf, and MAPK inhibition by PD98059 blocked the effect of the nucleotide to activate ERK. By contrast, in HKC cells 8-Br-cAMP did not activate B-Raf and ERK. EGF stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK and Raf-1 in both ADPKD and HKC cells, but had no effect on B-Raf. 8-Br-cAMP and EGF conjointly increased ERK activation above that of either agonist alone in ADPKD cells, and this combined effect was abolished by PD98059, indicating that ERK was activated by EGF- and cAMP-responsive cascades that converge at MAPK.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Drug Interactions', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Cortex', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,640 | Does accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle predict recovery of respiratory function from neuromuscular blockade? | {
"contexts": [
"Residual paralysis increases the risk of pulmonary complications but is difficult to detect. To test the hypothesis that accelerometry predicts effects of residual paralysis on pulmonary and upper airway function, the authors related tests of pulmonary and pharyngeal function to accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle in 12 partially paralyzed volunteers.",
"Rocuronium (0.01 mg/kg + 2-10 microg x kg-1 x min-1) was administered to maintain train-of-four (TOF) ratios (assessed every 15 s) of approximately 0.5 and 0.8 over a period of more than 5 min. The authors evaluated pharyngeal and facial muscle functions during steady state relaxation and performed spirometric measurements every 5 min until recovery. Upper airway obstruction was defined as a mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity of greater than 1. The TOF ratio associated with \"acceptable\" pulmonary recovery (forced vital capacity and forced inspiratory volume in 1 s of > or =90% of baseline) was calculated using a linear regression model.",
"At peak blockade (TOF ratio 0.5 +/- 0.16), forced inspiratory flow was impaired (53 +/- 19%) to a greater degree than forced expiratory flow (75 +/- 20%) with a mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity of 1.18 +/- 0.6. Upper airway obstruction, observed in 8 of 12 volunteers, paralleled an impaired ability to swallow reported by 10 of 12 volunteers. In contrast, all volunteers except one could sustain a head lift for more than 5 s. The authors calculated that a mean TOF ratio of 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.71) predicts \"acceptable\" recovery of forced vital capacity, whereas forced inspiratory volume in 1 s was impaired until a TOF ratio of 0.95 (0.82-1.18) was reached. A 100% recovery of TOF ratio predicts an acceptable recovery of forced vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s, and mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity in 93%, 73%, and 88% of measurements (calculated negative predictive values), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Androstanols",
"Anesthesia Recovery Period",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Facial Muscles",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Neuromuscular Blockade",
"Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents",
"Paralysis",
"Pharyngeal Muscles",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Rocuronium",
"Thumb",
"Vital Capacity"
]
} | Impaired inspiratory flow and upper airway obstruction frequently occur during minimal neuromuscular blockade (TOF ratio 0.8), and extubation may put the patient at risk. Although a TOF ratio of unity predicts a high probability of adequate recovery from neuromuscular blockade, respiratory function can still be impaired. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle predict recovery of respiratory function from neuromuscular blockade?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Residual paralysis increases the risk of pulmonary complications but is difficult to detect. To test the hypothesis that accelerometry predicts effects of residual paralysis on pulmonary and upper airway function, the authors related tests of pulmonary and pharyngeal function to accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle in 12 partially paralyzed volunteers.', 'Rocuronium (0.01 mg/kg + 2-10 microg x kg-1 x min-1) was administered to maintain train-of-four (TOF) ratios (assessed every 15 s) of approximately 0.5 and 0.8 over a period of more than 5 min. The authors evaluated pharyngeal and facial muscle functions during steady state relaxation and performed spirometric measurements every 5 min until recovery. Upper airway obstruction was defined as a mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity of greater than 1. The TOF ratio associated with \"acceptable\" pulmonary recovery (forced vital capacity and forced inspiratory volume in 1 s of > or =90% of baseline) was calculated using a linear regression model.', 'At peak blockade (TOF ratio 0.5 +/- 0.16), forced inspiratory flow was impaired (53 +/- 19%) to a greater degree than forced expiratory flow (75 +/- 20%) with a mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity of 1.18 +/- 0.6. Upper airway obstruction, observed in 8 of 12 volunteers, paralleled an impaired ability to swallow reported by 10 of 12 volunteers. In contrast, all volunteers except one could sustain a head lift for more than 5 s. The authors calculated that a mean TOF ratio of 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.71) predicts \"acceptable\" recovery of forced vital capacity, whereas forced inspiratory volume in 1 s was impaired until a TOF ratio of 0.95 (0.82-1.18) was reached. A 100% recovery of TOF ratio predicts an acceptable recovery of forced vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s, and mean ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity in 93%, 73%, and 88% of measurements (calculated negative predictive values), respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Androstanols', 'Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Facial Muscles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neuromuscular Blockade', 'Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents', 'Paralysis', 'Pharyngeal Muscles', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Rocuronium', 'Thumb', 'Vital Capacity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,644 | Does propofol increase phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin light chain 2 via protein kinase C activation in cardiomyocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Troponin I (TnI) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) are important myofibrillar proteins involved in the regulation of myofilament calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity and cardiac inotropy. The objectives of this study were to determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating propofol-induced changes in actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in cardiac myofibrils and to examine the extent to which propofol alters the phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2 in cardiomyocytes.",
"Freshly isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes were used for the study. Cardiac myofibrils were extracted for assessment of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity and phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. Western blot analysis for PKC-alpha was performed on cardiomyocyte subcellular fractions. Simultaneous measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) and myocyte shortening was assessed using fura-2 and video edge detection, respectively.",
"Propofol (30 microM) reduced the Ca2+ concentration required for activation of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity, and this effect was abolished by bisindolylmaleimide I. In addition, propofol stimulated dose-dependent phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. PKC activation with phorbol myristic acetate also stimulated an increase in phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. The actions of propofol and phorbol myristic acetate together on phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2 were not additive. PKC inhibition with bisindolylmaleimide I attenuated phorbol myristic acetate- and propofol-induced phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. Propofol stimulated translocation of PKC-alpha from cytosolic to membrane fraction. Propofol caused a shift in the extracellular Ca2+-shortening relationship, and this effect was abolished by bisindolylmaleimide I."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actin Cytoskeleton",
"Actomyosin",
"Adenosine Triphosphatases",
"Anesthetics, Intravenous",
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cardiac Myosins",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Muscle Cells",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Myocardium",
"Myosin Light Chains",
"Phosphates",
"Phosphorylation",
"Propofol",
"Protein Kinase C",
"Rats",
"Subcellular Fractions",
"Troponin I"
]
} | These results suggest that propofol increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity via a PKC-dependent pathway involving the phosphorylation of MLC2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does propofol increase phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin light chain 2 via protein kinase C activation in cardiomyocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Troponin I (TnI) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) are important myofibrillar proteins involved in the regulation of myofilament calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity and cardiac inotropy. The objectives of this study were to determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating propofol-induced changes in actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in cardiac myofibrils and to examine the extent to which propofol alters the phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2 in cardiomyocytes.', 'Freshly isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes were used for the study. Cardiac myofibrils were extracted for assessment of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity and phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. Western blot analysis for PKC-alpha was performed on cardiomyocyte subcellular fractions. Simultaneous measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) and myocyte shortening was assessed using fura-2 and video edge detection, respectively.', 'Propofol (30 microM) reduced the Ca2+ concentration required for activation of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity, and this effect was abolished by bisindolylmaleimide I. In addition, propofol stimulated dose-dependent phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. PKC activation with phorbol myristic acetate also stimulated an increase in phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. The actions of propofol and phorbol myristic acetate together on phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2 were not additive. PKC inhibition with bisindolylmaleimide I attenuated phorbol myristic acetate- and propofol-induced phosphorylation of TnI and MLC2. Propofol stimulated translocation of PKC-alpha from cytosolic to membrane fraction. Propofol caused a shift in the extracellular Ca2+-shortening relationship, and this effect was abolished by bisindolylmaleimide I.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actomyosin', 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cardiac Myosins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Muscle Cells', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Myosin Light Chains', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorylation', 'Propofol', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Troponin I']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,131 | Does vitamin C protect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well documented that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) can stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Vitamin C is known to be an important antioxidant for vasodilatation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with vitamin C could protect against oxidized-LDL-induced expression of MCP-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).",
"Cultured HUVECs were used for desired experiments before passage 4. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), an oxidized component of LDL, was designated as the stimulator for MCP-1 synthesis from cultured HUVECs. MCP-1 concentrations in the cultured media were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCP-1 RNA was evaluated by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.",
"HUVECs secreted MCP-1 within 30 minutes after exposure to 50 microM lysoPC. Compared with samples treated with lysoPC alone, pretreatment with vitamin C in concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 microM, reduced levels of MCP-1 in the culture medium by 44%, 51%, 60%, and 67%, respectively, while levels of MCP-1 mRNA decreased by 15%, 18%, 80%, and 82%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Ascorbic Acid",
"Cattle",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Humans",
"Lysophosphatidylcholines",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Umbilical Veins"
]
} | Our findings imply that pretreatment with vitamin C can suppress lysoPC-induced expression and secretion of MCP-1 in cultured HUVECs. Therefore, vitamin C is protective against lysoPC-mediated inflammatory insults to the vascular endothelium in vitro. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does vitamin C protect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It is well documented that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) can stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Vitamin C is known to be an important antioxidant for vasodilatation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with vitamin C could protect against oxidized-LDL-induced expression of MCP-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).', 'Cultured HUVECs were used for desired experiments before passage 4. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), an oxidized component of LDL, was designated as the stimulator for MCP-1 synthesis from cultured HUVECs. MCP-1 concentrations in the cultured media were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCP-1 RNA was evaluated by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.', 'HUVECs secreted MCP-1 within 30 minutes after exposure to 50 microM lysoPC. Compared with samples treated with lysoPC alone, pretreatment with vitamin C in concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 microM, reduced levels of MCP-1 in the culture medium by 44%, 51%, 60%, and 67%, respectively, while levels of MCP-1 mRNA decreased by 15%, 18%, 80%, and 82%, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Lysophosphatidylcholines', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Umbilical Veins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,727 | Do [ Localization of upper airway stricture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by CT scan ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the diagnostic significance of CT scan in the localization of the stricture in the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).",
"Fifty-four patients with OSAS were included in this study. CT scan evaluated the upper airway from the roof of nasopharynx to the glottis using a Phlips Tomoscan AV Expander E1 spiral scanner. The areas and the dimensions of palate, uvula, lingua and epiglottis region, as well as the thickness of retropharyngeal and lateral pharyngeal tissue was evaluated. The reference values had been set-up in 225 normal adult upper airways CT scan, some patients' results were compared with the CT scan results during apnea.",
"There were no any upper airway stricture in 12 patients with OSAS, and there were one or more upper airway stricture sites in other 42 patients. Twenty-four patients had only one stricture site. Fourteen patients had 2 adjacent stricture sites. One patient had three stricture sites. Three patients had 4 upper airway strictures. There was a good concordance between the results of CT scans during awakening and sleeping in 14 patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Airway Obstruction",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | Most patients with OSAS had anatomic upper airway strictures, the CT scan can localize the stricture site very well. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Localization of upper airway stricture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by CT scan ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the diagnostic significance of CT scan in the localization of the stricture in the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).', \"Fifty-four patients with OSAS were included in this study. CT scan evaluated the upper airway from the roof of nasopharynx to the glottis using a Phlips Tomoscan AV Expander E1 spiral scanner. The areas and the dimensions of palate, uvula, lingua and epiglottis region, as well as the thickness of retropharyngeal and lateral pharyngeal tissue was evaluated. The reference values had been set-up in 225 normal adult upper airways CT scan, some patients' results were compared with the CT scan results during apnea.\", 'There were no any upper airway stricture in 12 patients with OSAS, and there were one or more upper airway stricture sites in other 42 patients. Twenty-four patients had only one stricture site. Fourteen patients had 2 adjacent stricture sites. One patient had three stricture sites. Three patients had 4 upper airway strictures. There was a good concordance between the results of CT scans during awakening and sleeping in 14 patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,461 | Do short bursts of weak pulses break postictal inhibition in the neocortex of Wistar rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Postictal inhibition (PI) is a decrease in excitability that follows an epileptic seizure and decreases probability of new seizure occurrence. PI may involve both increased inhibition and persisting elevated excitation. Our experiments tested whether shorter trains of weak stimuli are able to unmask this residual increase of excitability during the PI.",
"Four epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) were evoked by intense electrical stimulation (20 s, 8 Hz, current intensity at 5x threshold) of the neocortex in two groups (A, B) of Wistar rats. Before the first AD and during the 10-min interictal period, 8-Hz trains of four weak pulses (half of the intensity used for the AD triggering; 4P) were applied every 20 s in group B and a single pulse with similar parameters in group A.",
"The number of interictal epileptiform events evoked by 4P in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A (evoked by single pulses) except after the second AD. Epileptic events were triggered by 4P also immediately after the AD termination."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electroencephalography",
"Evoked Potentials",
"Kindling, Neurologic",
"Male",
"Motor Cortex",
"Neocortex",
"Neural Inhibition",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Refractory Period, Electrophysiological",
"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Somatosensory Cortex",
"Status Epilepticus",
"Visual Cortex"
]
} | It is apparent that weak stimulation can trigger epileptic phenomena during PI. Our results indicate that it is no longer possible to perceive PI only as persisting extreme and active inhibition. An appropriate stimulation can reveal more subtle (but important) excitatory events contributing to the functional status during the postictal period. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do short bursts of weak pulses break postictal inhibition in the neocortex of Wistar rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Postictal inhibition (PI) is a decrease in excitability that follows an epileptic seizure and decreases probability of new seizure occurrence. PI may involve both increased inhibition and persisting elevated excitation. Our experiments tested whether shorter trains of weak stimuli are able to unmask this residual increase of excitability during the PI.', 'Four epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) were evoked by intense electrical stimulation (20 s, 8 Hz, current intensity at 5x threshold) of the neocortex in two groups (A, B) of Wistar rats. Before the first AD and during the 10-min interictal period, 8-Hz trains of four weak pulses (half of the intensity used for the AD triggering; 4P) were applied every 20 s in group B and a single pulse with similar parameters in group A.', 'The number of interictal epileptiform events evoked by 4P in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A (evoked by single pulses) except after the second AD. Epileptic events were triggered by 4P also immediately after the AD termination.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Kindling, Neurologic', 'Male', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neocortex', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Refractory Period, Electrophysiological', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Status Epilepticus', 'Visual Cortex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,463 | Is neuronal cell death in a rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy induced by the initial status epilepticus and not by later repeated spontaneous seizures? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether repeated seizures contribute to hippocampal sclerosis, we investigated whether cell loss in the (para) hippocampal region was related to the severity of chronic seizure activity in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).",
"Chronic epilepsy developed after status epilepticus (SE) that was electrically induced 3-5 months before. The presence of neuronal damage was assessed by using Fluoro-Jade and dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) of brain sections counterstained with Nissl.",
"We found a negative correlation between the numbers of surviving hilar cells and the duration of the SE (r = -0.66; p < 0.01). In the chronic phase, we could discriminate between rats with occasional seizures (0.15 +/- 0.05 seizures per day) without progression and rats with progressive seizure activity (8.9 +/- 2.8 seizures/day). In both groups, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in parahippocampal regions was similar and higher than in controls. In the hippocampal formation, this was not significantly different from controls. Fluoro-Jade staining showed essentially the same pattern at 1 week and no positive neurons in chronic epileptic rats."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Count",
"Cell Death",
"Chronic Disease",
"Disease Progression",
"Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe",
"Hippocampus",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Kindling, Neurologic",
"Male",
"Necrosis",
"Parahippocampal Gyrus",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Risk Factors",
"Sclerosis",
"Status Epilepticus"
]
} | Cell death in this rat model is related to the initial SE rather than to the frequency of spontaneous seizures. These results emphasize that it is of crucial importance to stop the SE as soon as possible to prevent extended cell loss and further progression of the disease. They also suggest that neuroprotectants can be useful during the first week after SE, but will not be very useful in the chronic epileptic phase. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is neuronal cell death in a rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy induced by the initial status epilepticus and not by later repeated spontaneous seizures?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether repeated seizures contribute to hippocampal sclerosis, we investigated whether cell loss in the (para) hippocampal region was related to the severity of chronic seizure activity in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).', 'Chronic epilepsy developed after status epilepticus (SE) that was electrically induced 3-5 months before. The presence of neuronal damage was assessed by using Fluoro-Jade and dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) of brain sections counterstained with Nissl.', 'We found a negative correlation between the numbers of surviving hilar cells and the duration of the SE (r = -0.66; p < 0.01). In the chronic phase, we could discriminate between rats with occasional seizures (0.15 +/- 0.05 seizures per day) without progression and rats with progressive seizure activity (8.9 +/- 2.8 seizures/day). In both groups, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in parahippocampal regions was similar and higher than in controls. In the hippocampal formation, this was not significantly different from controls. Fluoro-Jade staining showed essentially the same pattern at 1 week and no positive neurons in chronic epileptic rats.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Death', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Progression', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Hippocampus', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Kindling, Neurologic', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Parahippocampal Gyrus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Risk Factors', 'Sclerosis', 'Status Epilepticus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,776,274 | Is insulin resistance related to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although insulin resistance contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, the relationship between insulin resistance and LVH in patients with ADPKD has not been previously studied.",
"We performed M-mode and color Doppler echocardiography on 176 family members (106 patients and 70 healthy relatives) from 16 families with polycystic kidney disease type 1 (PKD1). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Penn equation and corrected for body surface area. Fasting insulin and glucose concentrations were measured and insulin resistance was evaluated by means of the homeostasis model assessment.",
"In multivariate regression analysis, insulin resistance was significantly associated with LVMI in healthy relatives (P < 0.01) and patients with PKD1 (P < 0.05) independent of age, weight, systolic blood pressure, and albuminuria."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Albuminuria",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Echocardiography",
"Echocardiography, Doppler, Color",
"Family Health",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Male",
"Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant"
]
} | Insulin resistance is associated with LVMI in patients with PKD1 independently of other factors known to increase LVMI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is insulin resistance related to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although insulin resistance contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, the relationship between insulin resistance and LVH in patients with ADPKD has not been previously studied.', 'We performed M-mode and color Doppler echocardiography on 176 family members (106 patients and 70 healthy relatives) from 16 families with polycystic kidney disease type 1 (PKD1). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Penn equation and corrected for body surface area. Fasting insulin and glucose concentrations were measured and insulin resistance was evaluated by means of the homeostasis model assessment.', 'In multivariate regression analysis, insulin resistance was significantly associated with LVMI in healthy relatives (P < 0.01) and patients with PKD1 (P < 0.05) independent of age, weight, systolic blood pressure, and albuminuria.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Albuminuria', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Color', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,246 | Do [ Values of soluble thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor judging reject reaction in liver transplantation ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To find sensitive and specific laboratory examination items for early diagnosing and monitoring liver transplantation reject reaction.",
"Randomly investigate 41 liver transplantation patients, among them there were 16 patients with reject reaction (including 12 with acute rejection, 4 with chronic rejection). Plasma soluble thrombomodulin (STM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels were measured before operation and every other day after operation.",
"Plasma STM level increased significantly after operation, two days before rejection and after acute rejection (5.58 ng/ml +/- 0.42 ng/ml, 5.93 ng/ml +/- 0.45 ng/ml, and 7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml, respectively), so did vWF level (101.2% +/- 4.68%, 104.3% +/- 5.78%, and 127.7% +/- 5.74%, respectively). STM level was much higher in acute rejection than that in chronic rejection (7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml vs. 6.35 ng/ml +/- 0.54 ng/ml, t = 2.46, P < 0.05), in no reaction group after impacting therapy than in effective group (8.30 ng/ml +/- 0.19 ng/ml vs. 3.82 ng/ml +/- 0.22 ng/ml, t = 12.98, P < 0.01), and in dead group after treatment than in living group (7.98 ng/ml +/- 0.18 ng/ml vs. 6.51 ng/ml +/- 0.41 ng/ml, t = 3.39, P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Female",
"Graft Rejection",
"Humans",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Thrombomodulin",
"von Willebrand Factor"
]
} | Plasma STM and vWF can be taken as laboratory items for monitoring liver transplantation rejection. Plasma STM can act as not only an early prognosticating marker, but also suitable to distinguish acute from chronic reject reaction, and as a marker for monitoring impacting therapy effect and judging prognosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Values of soluble thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor judging reject reaction in liver transplantation ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To find sensitive and specific laboratory examination items for early diagnosing and monitoring liver transplantation reject reaction.', 'Randomly investigate 41 liver transplantation patients, among them there were 16 patients with reject reaction (including 12 with acute rejection, 4 with chronic rejection). Plasma soluble thrombomodulin (STM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels were measured before operation and every other day after operation.', 'Plasma STM level increased significantly after operation, two days before rejection and after acute rejection (5.58 ng/ml +/- 0.42 ng/ml, 5.93 ng/ml +/- 0.45 ng/ml, and 7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml, respectively), so did vWF level (101.2% +/- 4.68%, 104.3% +/- 5.78%, and 127.7% +/- 5.74%, respectively). STM level was much higher in acute rejection than that in chronic rejection (7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml vs. 6.35 ng/ml +/- 0.54 ng/ml, t = 2.46, P < 0.05), in no reaction group after impacting therapy than in effective group (8.30 ng/ml +/- 0.19 ng/ml vs. 3.82 ng/ml +/- 0.22 ng/ml, t = 12.98, P < 0.01), and in dead group after treatment than in living group (7.98 ng/ml +/- 0.18 ng/ml vs. 6.51 ng/ml +/- 0.41 ng/ml, t = 3.39, P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thrombomodulin', 'von Willebrand Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,101 | Does two-hour insulin determination improve the ability of abdominal fat measurement to identify risk for the metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Visceral obesity is shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the association of measurements of generalized adiposity and visceral fat area (VFA), with abnormalities of metabolic syndrome (MS).",
"Seventy-six women (47.9 +/- 9.2 years) with BMI of 38.7 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2) underwent anthropometric measurements, laboratory procedures, bioeletrical impedance, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Diagnosis of MS was based on the presence of abdominal obesity and at least two of the following components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance and/or hyperinsulinemia.",
"BMI was correlated with both components of adipose tissue--subcutaneous (r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and VFA (r = 0.33, P < 0.02)--and leptin levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). In contrast, VFA was correlated with 2-h glucose and insulin levels (r = 0.32 and 0.35, P < 0.05, respectively), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and uric acid (r = 0.33, -0.34 and 0.24, P < 0.05, respectively). Subjects with high VFA, matched for BMI, showed greater plasma glucose area under the curve (621 +/- 127 vs. 558 +/- 129 mg x h(-1) x dl(-1), P < 0.05), 2-h insulin (804 +/- 599 vs. 579 +/- 347 pmol/l, P < 0.05), and uric acid levels (0.33 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, P < 0.05) than subjects with low VFA. In logistic regression analysis, waist circumference, VFA, and 2-h insulin were identified as independent predictors of MS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis pointed out the values of 104 cm for waist circumference (58.1% specificity, 84.1% sensitivity), 158.5 cm(2) for VFA (78.1% specificity, 52.3% sensitivity), and 559.8 pmol/l for 2-h insulin (71.9% specificity, 69.8% sensitivity); the presence of at least two of the three variables resulted in a degree of concordance of 76%."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdomen",
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Body Mass Index",
"Brazil",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Risk Factors",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Viscera"
]
} | While BMI was unable to differentiate between obese people and those at higher risk for MS, abdominal fat was shown to be associated with its metabolic abnormalities. The usefulness of abdominal fat in the identification of high-risk subjects may be improved when combined with 2-h insulin determination. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does two-hour insulin determination improve the ability of abdominal fat measurement to identify risk for the metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Visceral obesity is shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the association of measurements of generalized adiposity and visceral fat area (VFA), with abnormalities of metabolic syndrome (MS).', 'Seventy-six women (47.9 +/- 9.2 years) with BMI of 38.7 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2) underwent anthropometric measurements, laboratory procedures, bioeletrical impedance, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Diagnosis of MS was based on the presence of abdominal obesity and at least two of the following components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance and/or hyperinsulinemia.', 'BMI was correlated with both components of adipose tissue--subcutaneous (r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and VFA (r = 0.33, P < 0.02)--and leptin levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). In contrast, VFA was correlated with 2-h glucose and insulin levels (r = 0.32 and 0.35, P < 0.05, respectively), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and uric acid (r = 0.33, -0.34 and 0.24, P < 0.05, respectively). Subjects with high VFA, matched for BMI, showed greater plasma glucose area under the curve (621 +/- 127 vs. 558 +/- 129 mg x h(-1) x dl(-1), P < 0.05), 2-h insulin (804 +/- 599 vs. 579 +/- 347 pmol/l, P < 0.05), and uric acid levels (0.33 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, P < 0.05) than subjects with low VFA. In logistic regression analysis, waist circumference, VFA, and 2-h insulin were identified as independent predictors of MS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis pointed out the values of 104 cm for waist circumference (58.1% specificity, 84.1% sensitivity), 158.5 cm(2) for VFA (78.1% specificity, 52.3% sensitivity), and 559.8 pmol/l for 2-h insulin (71.9% specificity, 69.8% sensitivity); the presence of at least two of the three variables resulted in a degree of concordance of 76%.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdomen', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Brazil', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Viscera']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,100 | Is a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices with a traditional exchange-based meal plan in reducing HbA(1c) levels in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes.",
"A total of 648 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive instruction in either a healthy food choices meal plan (HFC) or an exchange-based meal plan (EXCH) to compare the impact on glycemic control, weight loss, serum lipids, and blood pressure at 6 months of follow-up. Dietary practices were assessed with food frequency questionnaires.",
"At presentation, the HFC and EXCH groups were comparable in age (52 years), sex (65% women), weight (94 kg), BMI (33.5), duration of diabetes (4.8 years), fasting plasma glucose (10.5 mmol/l), and HbA(1c) (9.4%). Improvements in glycemic control over 6 months were significant (P < 0.0001) but similar in both groups: HbA(1c) decreased from 9.7 to 7.8% with the HFC and from 9.6 to 7.7% with the EXCH. Improvements in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in both groups, whereas other lipids and blood pressure were not altered. The HFC and EXCH groups exhibited similar improvement in dietary practices with respect to intake of fats and sugar sweetened foods. Among obese patients, average weight change, the percentage of patients losing weight, and the distribution of weight lost were comparable with the two approaches."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"African Americans",
"Biomarkers",
"Body Weight",
"Choice Behavior",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diet, Diabetic",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Georgia",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Patient Education as Topic",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Urban Population"
]
} | Medical nutrition therapy is effective in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Either a meal plan emphasizing guidelines for healthy food choices or a low literacy exchange method is equally effective as a meal planning approach. Because the HFC meal plan may be easier to teach and easier for patients to understand, it may be preferable for low-literacy patient populations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices with a traditional exchange-based meal plan in reducing HbA(1c) levels in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes.', 'A total of 648 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive instruction in either a healthy food choices meal plan (HFC) or an exchange-based meal plan (EXCH) to compare the impact on glycemic control, weight loss, serum lipids, and blood pressure at 6 months of follow-up. Dietary practices were assessed with food frequency questionnaires.', 'At presentation, the HFC and EXCH groups were comparable in age (52 years), sex (65% women), weight (94 kg), BMI (33.5), duration of diabetes (4.8 years), fasting plasma glucose (10.5 mmol/l), and HbA(1c) (9.4%). Improvements in glycemic control over 6 months were significant (P < 0.0001) but similar in both groups: HbA(1c) decreased from 9.7 to 7.8% with the HFC and from 9.6 to 7.7% with the EXCH. Improvements in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in both groups, whereas other lipids and blood pressure were not altered. The HFC and EXCH groups exhibited similar improvement in dietary practices with respect to intake of fats and sugar sweetened foods. Among obese patients, average weight change, the percentage of patients losing weight, and the distribution of weight lost were comparable with the two approaches.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['African Americans', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Weight', 'Choice Behavior', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet, Diabetic', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Georgia', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urban Population']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,765,667 | Is anaemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester a risk factor for low birth weight? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess pregnancy outcome in women with anaemia during pregnancy.",
"The study design involved a retrospective chart review of all women registering for prenatal care in the area of Kuopio University Hospital between 1990 and 2000. A haemoglobin concentration below 100g/l was used as a cutoff for anaemia and affected women (N=597) were stratified by the trimester at which anaemia was diagnosed. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare obstetric outcomes in the study groups and in non-anaemic women (N=22,202).",
"The frequency of anaemia was 2.6%, with 0.3% occurring in the first trimester. After controlling for confounding factors, anaemia detected in the first trimester was associated with low-birth-weight infants (OR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.35-7.28) whereas the mid- and third-trimester anaemia groups showed no significantly different outcomes when compared with the non-anaemic women. First trimester anaemia was not significantly associated with small birth weight for gestational age (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.41-2.17) or with premature delivery <37 weeks (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 0.72-4.49)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Anemia",
"Female",
"Finland",
"Hemoglobins",
"Humans",
"Infant, Low Birth Weight",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications",
"Pregnancy Outcome",
"Pregnancy Trimester, First",
"Pregnancy Trimester, Second",
"Pregnancy Trimester, Third",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Maternal anaemia detected in the first trimester is associated with low birth weight. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is anaemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester a risk factor for low birth weight?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess pregnancy outcome in women with anaemia during pregnancy.', 'The study design involved a retrospective chart review of all women registering for prenatal care in the area of Kuopio University Hospital between 1990 and 2000. A haemoglobin concentration below 100g/l was used as a cutoff for anaemia and affected women (N=597) were stratified by the trimester at which anaemia was diagnosed. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare obstetric outcomes in the study groups and in non-anaemic women (N=22,202).', 'The frequency of anaemia was 2.6%, with 0.3% occurring in the first trimester. After controlling for confounding factors, anaemia detected in the first trimester was associated with low-birth-weight infants (OR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.35-7.28) whereas the mid- and third-trimester anaemia groups showed no significantly different outcomes when compared with the non-anaemic women. First trimester anaemia was not significantly associated with small birth weight for gestational age (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.41-2.17) or with premature delivery <37 weeks (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 0.72-4.49).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Third', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,620 | Does methylprednisolone inhibit low-flow hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated perfused rat liver? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanism by which methylprednisolone protects the liver from hypoxia-induced injury.",
"Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver.",
"Animal research facility.",
"Male, fasted, pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats.",
"Low-flow hypoxia was produced by reducing afferent perfusate pressure from 10 to 2.5 cm H(2)O; isolated livers were portally perfused for 2 hrs.",
"We measured mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production by imaging rhodamine 123 and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Leakage of mitochondrial enzymes was also monitored by assaying mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in the outflow perfusate, and the radical-scavenging effect of methylprednisolone was assessed by measuring luminol-dependent hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. Apoptosis in liver cells was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling. Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was significantly diminished in the hypoxic liver, especially in the region of the terminal hepatic venules, which is indicative of membrane depolarization in the mitochondria in those areas. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated by leakage of aspartate aminotransferase into the outflow perfusate, and increased 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence indicated increased hydrogen peroxide levels, particularly in the midzone. Pretreatment with 30, 10, or 3 mg/kg of methylprednisolone inhibited the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enzyme leakage, although hydrogen peroxide levels and apoptosis in sinusoidal endothelial cells were unaffected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Apoptosis",
"Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Hypoxia",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Liver",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Male",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Methylprednisolone",
"Mitochondria, Liver",
"Mitochondrial Diseases",
"Prospective Studies",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | Methylprednisolone does not protect the liver from hypoxia-induced injury by suppressing hydrogen peroxide production. Instead, the beneficial effect of methylprednisolone seems to be related to its ability to protect against mitochondrial membrane depolarization under hypoxic conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does methylprednisolone inhibit low-flow hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated perfused rat liver?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the mechanism by which methylprednisolone protects the liver from hypoxia-induced injury.', 'Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver.', 'Animal research facility.', 'Male, fasted, pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats.', 'Low-flow hypoxia was produced by reducing afferent perfusate pressure from 10 to 2.5 cm H(2)O; isolated livers were portally perfused for 2 hrs.', \"We measured mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production by imaging rhodamine 123 and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Leakage of mitochondrial enzymes was also monitored by assaying mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in the outflow perfusate, and the radical-scavenging effect of methylprednisolone was assessed by measuring luminol-dependent hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. Apoptosis in liver cells was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling. Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was significantly diminished in the hypoxic liver, especially in the region of the terminal hepatic venules, which is indicative of membrane depolarization in the mitochondria in those areas. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated by leakage of aspartate aminotransferase into the outflow perfusate, and increased 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence indicated increased hydrogen peroxide levels, particularly in the midzone. Pretreatment with 30, 10, or 3 mg/kg of methylprednisolone inhibited the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enzyme leakage, although hydrogen peroxide levels and apoptosis in sinusoidal endothelial cells were unaffected.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hypoxia', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,245 | Is reduction in alkaline sphingomyelinase in colorectal tumorigenesis related to the APC gene mutation? | {
"contexts": [
"The sphingomyelin pathway is an important intracellular mechanism in regulating cell growth. The first step in this pathway is catalysed by sphingomyelinases. Alkaline sphingomyelinase is specifically located in the intestinal tract. Markedly reduced alkaline sphingomyelinase activities have been found in sporadic colorectal tumours and in familial adenomatous polyposis adenomas. Since the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in about 80% of sporadic colorectal tumors, and familial adenomatous polyposis is the consequence of a germline mutation of the same gene, we examined whether low alkaline sphingomyelinase activity is linked to APC gene mutations.",
"Both germline and sporadic adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations were studied. Alkaline, neutral, and acid sphingomyelinase activities were measured in the intestinal mucosa and content of multiple intestinal neoplasia mice, a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis and compared to control mice. Alkaline sphingomyelinase activity was also measured in 11 human rectal tumors with APC gene mutation and compared with 9 control tumors without mutation.",
"Alkaline, neutral, and acid sphingomyelinase activities were present in the small intestine and colon in both mice types with no differences in hydrolytic capacity or distribution pattern. In sporadic rectal tumors similar alkaline sphingomyelinase activities were identified in tumors with somatic APC gene mutations as in samples without mutations. In the tumors without detectable APC mutations beta-catenin was analyzed, but no mutation was detected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenomatous Polyposis Coli",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Animals",
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"Colon",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"DNA Mutational Analysis",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Genes, APC",
"Germ-Line Mutation",
"Humans",
"Intestine, Small",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase"
]
} | Alkaline sphingomyelinase is not directly linked to adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is reduction in alkaline sphingomyelinase in colorectal tumorigenesis related to the APC gene mutation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The sphingomyelin pathway is an important intracellular mechanism in regulating cell growth. The first step in this pathway is catalysed by sphingomyelinases. Alkaline sphingomyelinase is specifically located in the intestinal tract. Markedly reduced alkaline sphingomyelinase activities have been found in sporadic colorectal tumours and in familial adenomatous polyposis adenomas. Since the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in about 80% of sporadic colorectal tumors, and familial adenomatous polyposis is the consequence of a germline mutation of the same gene, we examined whether low alkaline sphingomyelinase activity is linked to APC gene mutations.', 'Both germline and sporadic adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations were studied. Alkaline, neutral, and acid sphingomyelinase activities were measured in the intestinal mucosa and content of multiple intestinal neoplasia mice, a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis and compared to control mice. Alkaline sphingomyelinase activity was also measured in 11 human rectal tumors with APC gene mutation and compared with 9 control tumors without mutation.', 'Alkaline, neutral, and acid sphingomyelinase activities were present in the small intestine and colon in both mice types with no differences in hydrolytic capacity or distribution pattern. In sporadic rectal tumors similar alkaline sphingomyelinase activities were identified in tumors with somatic APC gene mutations as in samples without mutations. In the tumors without detectable APC mutations beta-catenin was analyzed, but no mutation was detected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Colon', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Genes, APC', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,774,244 | Are angiogenesis and dendritic cell density correlated with metachronous distant metastasis in curatively operated rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Apart from surgery, treatment of rectal cancer increasingly involves the use of (neo-)adjuvant strategies. To optimize the selection process for these therapy regimens, especially in the field of cellular and molecular biology, new prognostic factors additional to the established TNM system are being investigated.",
"Two groups of patients ( n=2x85) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone were studied retrospectively (median follow-up 6.1 years). To exclude the effect of the surgeon only patients free of locally recurrent disease were selected. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, UICC stage, and year of operation (1982-1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread, i.e., the criterion to be studied. The factors investigated in uni- and multivariate analysis were angiogenesis, density of dendritic cells, grading, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion.",
"Grading invariably proved to be the only significant prognostic factor. In univariate analysis the absence of venous invasion was also correlated significantly with increased disease-free survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoadjuvant Therapy",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Patient Care Planning",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | Angiogenesis and dendritic cell density are not prognostic factors for metachronous distant metastasis in rectal cancer and therefore cannot serve as selection parameters for adjuvant therapy. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are angiogenesis and dendritic cell density correlated with metachronous distant metastasis in curatively operated rectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Apart from surgery, treatment of rectal cancer increasingly involves the use of (neo-)adjuvant strategies. To optimize the selection process for these therapy regimens, especially in the field of cellular and molecular biology, new prognostic factors additional to the established TNM system are being investigated.', 'Two groups of patients ( n=2x85) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone were studied retrospectively (median follow-up 6.1 years). To exclude the effect of the surgeon only patients free of locally recurrent disease were selected. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, UICC stage, and year of operation (1982-1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread, i.e., the criterion to be studied. The factors investigated in uni- and multivariate analysis were angiogenesis, density of dendritic cells, grading, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion.', 'Grading invariably proved to be the only significant prognostic factor. In univariate analysis the absence of venous invasion was also correlated significantly with increased disease-free survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,756,358 | Is neutrophil survival on biomaterials determined by surface topography? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular device-centered infections are a major cause of hospital morbidity, mortality, and expense. Caused by opportunistic bacteria, this phenomenon is thought to arise because of a defect in neutrophil bacterial killing. We have shown that neutrophils that adhere to polystyrene remain viable, whereas neutrophils that adhere to the vascular biomaterials expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Dacron undergo a rapid nonapoptotic death. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that surface topography is a determinant of the nonapoptotic death response of neutrophils to biomaterials.",
"We took advantage of the ease with which a polystyrene surface can be manipulated to examine the effect of surface topography on neutrophil viability. Neutrophils were exposed to smooth or roughened polystyrene surfaces both in vivo and in vitro. Changes in cell membrane permeability and production of reactive oxygen species by individual cells were monitored with fluorescent dyes.",
"Host cells and isolated human neutrophils died rapidly after adhesion to roughened polystyrene. Neutrophils adherent to roughened surfaces produced more reactive oxygen intermediates than those adherent to smooth surfaces and were first to die. The cell death response precipitated by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, Dacron, or the roughened surfaces was significantly reduced with treatment of the neutrophils with catalase, diphenylene iodonium, or the src kinase inhibitor PP2 before adhesion."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biocompatible Materials",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Death",
"Cell Survival",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Neutrophils",
"Polyethylene Terephthalates",
"Polystyrenes",
"Polytetrafluoroethylene",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Reference Values",
"Surface Properties",
"Time Factors",
"Topography, Medical"
]
} | Neutrophil adhesion to roughened materials triggers rapid production of reactive oxygen species and precipitates a nonapoptotic cell death. Understanding the material properties that trigger these responses is essential to development of the next generation of implantable biomaterials. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is neutrophil survival on biomaterials determined by surface topography?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cardiovascular device-centered infections are a major cause of hospital morbidity, mortality, and expense. Caused by opportunistic bacteria, this phenomenon is thought to arise because of a defect in neutrophil bacterial killing. We have shown that neutrophils that adhere to polystyrene remain viable, whereas neutrophils that adhere to the vascular biomaterials expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Dacron undergo a rapid nonapoptotic death. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that surface topography is a determinant of the nonapoptotic death response of neutrophils to biomaterials.', 'We took advantage of the ease with which a polystyrene surface can be manipulated to examine the effect of surface topography on neutrophil viability. Neutrophils were exposed to smooth or roughened polystyrene surfaces both in vivo and in vitro. Changes in cell membrane permeability and production of reactive oxygen species by individual cells were monitored with fluorescent dyes.', 'Host cells and isolated human neutrophils died rapidly after adhesion to roughened polystyrene. Neutrophils adherent to roughened surfaces produced more reactive oxygen intermediates than those adherent to smooth surfaces and were first to die. The cell death response precipitated by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, Dacron, or the roughened surfaces was significantly reduced with treatment of the neutrophils with catalase, diphenylene iodonium, or the src kinase inhibitor PP2 before adhesion.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Neutrophils', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Polystyrenes', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reference Values', 'Surface Properties', 'Time Factors', 'Topography, Medical']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,097 | Are dermatologist detection and skin self-examination associated with thinner melanomas : results from a survey of the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate patterns of detection and variables associated with early diagnosis of melanoma in a population at intermediate melanoma risk.",
"Survey.",
"Hospital and university centers belonging to the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma.",
"Eight hundred sixteen patients who were consecutively diagnosed as having melanoma and treated at 11 participating centers.",
"Relationship between patterns of detection and patient's and physician's delay with melanoma thickness, assessed by multivariate analysis.",
"A statistically significant association with early diagnosis was found for female sex (odds ratio [OR] for a lesion >1 mm in thickness, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.97), higher educational level (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79), residence in northern and central Italy (compared with southern Italy) (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.65 and OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15-0.37, respectively), and the habit of performing a skin self-examination (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93). When adjusted for all the previously mentioned variables, only melanoma detection made by a dermatologist, maybe incidentally, was associated with a statistically significant additional effect on early diagnosis (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73). No significant effect of anatomical site (trunk compared with other sites: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), presence of atypical nevi (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52-1.17), and patient's delay (>3 months compared with < or =3 months: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.78-1.60) was found."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Dermatology",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Female",
"Health Care Surveys",
"Humans",
"Italy",
"Male",
"Melanoma",
"Middle Aged",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Risk Factors",
"Self-Examination",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Skin Neoplasms",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Future melanoma early diagnosis strategies should adequately stress the role of skin self-examination among the adult population, and should recommend that dermatologists perform a total skin examination to identify suspect lesions (such an examination should also be performed during consultations for other reasons). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are dermatologist detection and skin self-examination associated with thinner melanomas : results from a survey of the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate patterns of detection and variables associated with early diagnosis of melanoma in a population at intermediate melanoma risk.', 'Survey.', 'Hospital and university centers belonging to the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma.', 'Eight hundred sixteen patients who were consecutively diagnosed as having melanoma and treated at 11 participating centers.', \"Relationship between patterns of detection and patient's and physician's delay with melanoma thickness, assessed by multivariate analysis.\", \"A statistically significant association with early diagnosis was found for female sex (odds ratio [OR] for a lesion >1 mm in thickness, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.97), higher educational level (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79), residence in northern and central Italy (compared with southern Italy) (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.65 and OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15-0.37, respectively), and the habit of performing a skin self-examination (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93). When adjusted for all the previously mentioned variables, only melanoma detection made by a dermatologist, maybe incidentally, was associated with a statistically significant additional effect on early diagnosis (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73). No significant effect of anatomical site (trunk compared with other sites: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), presence of atypical nevi (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52-1.17), and patient's delay (>3 months compared with < or =3 months: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.78-1.60) was found.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Dermatology', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', \"Practice Patterns, Physicians'\", 'Risk Factors', 'Self-Examination', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,772,191 | Does recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein family member with serine protease activity commonly used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. We recently described anti-angiogenic properties of PSA [Fortier et al.: JNCI 91:1635-1640].",
"Two forms of PSA were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris: one, an intact PSA with an N-terminus of IVGGVS em leader; the second, an N-1 PSA variant. The recombinant proteins were tested for serine protease activity and for anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.",
"The rate of substrate hydrolysis by the intact recombinant PSA was similar to that of PSA isolated and purified from human seminal plasma. In contrast, the N-1 PSA variant lacked serine protease activity. In an endothelial cell migration assay, the concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC(50)) was: 0.5 microM for native PSA, 0.5 microM for intact recombinant protein, and 0.1 microM for the N-1 variant PSA. Both the intact recombinant and the N-1 recombinant PSA inhibited angiogenesis in vivo."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiogenesis Inhibitors",
"Endothelial Growth Factors",
"Humans",
"Hydrolysis",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Lymphokines",
"Male",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Pichia",
"Plasmids",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Serine Endopeptidases",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors"
]
} | Purified recombinant PSA inhibits angiogenesis, proving the concept that PSA is an anti-angiogenic, and serine protease activity, as determined by synthetic substrate hydrolysis, is distinct from the anti-angiogenic properties of PSA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein family member with serine protease activity commonly used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. We recently described anti-angiogenic properties of PSA [Fortier et al.: JNCI 91:1635-1640].', 'Two forms of PSA were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris: one, an intact PSA with an N-terminus of IVGGVS em leader; the second, an N-1 PSA variant. The recombinant proteins were tested for serine protease activity and for anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.', 'The rate of substrate hydrolysis by the intact recombinant PSA was similar to that of PSA isolated and purified from human seminal plasma. In contrast, the N-1 PSA variant lacked serine protease activity. In an endothelial cell migration assay, the concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC(50)) was: 0.5 microM for native PSA, 0.5 microM for intact recombinant protein, and 0.1 microM for the N-1 variant PSA. Both the intact recombinant and the N-1 recombinant PSA inhibited angiogenesis in vivo.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lymphokines', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Pichia', 'Plasmids', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,381 | Do pyrethroid insecticides influence the signal transduction in T helper lymphocytes from atopic and nonatopic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Pyrethroids are claimed to have a low human toxicity with some neuro- and immunotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxicological properties of six commercially used pyrethroids, including natural pyrethrum and synergist piperonyl-butoxide (PBO).",
"PHA-stimulated cultures of T-helper lymphocytes and blood basophil incubates from nonatopic and atopic patients (IgE > 1000 IU) provided cytokine and histamine determination. Western blot analysis was used for the measurement of Th2-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6). Pyrethroids and xenobiotics were added 4 h post-plating.",
"We demonstrated that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and expression was correlated with lymphocyte proliferation, however, interleukin-4 (IL-4) was down-regulated at the end of the 3 day culture. Atopics showed significantly higher IL-4 activity than nonatopics. Pyrethroids inhibited IFN-gamma and IL-4 in both groups at around 10(-5) M. Only fenvalerate and S-bioallethrin combined with 10-fold PBO in the atopic-enriched blood basophil incubates caused a weak but significant increase in histamine release. Histamine acted bidirectionally on STAT6, but pyrethroids inhibited the intracellular Th2-specific STAT6 more effectively in atopics than in nonatopics."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Histamine",
"Histamine Release",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity, Immediate",
"Insecticides",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-4",
"Male",
"No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level",
"Pyrethrins",
"RNA",
"Signal Transduction",
"T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles"
]
} | It can be suggested that pyrethroids inhibit signal transduction in human lymphocytes ex vivo, and do not act via lymphocyte-influencing histamine release. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do pyrethroid insecticides influence the signal transduction in T helper lymphocytes from atopic and nonatopic subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pyrethroids are claimed to have a low human toxicity with some neuro- and immunotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxicological properties of six commercially used pyrethroids, including natural pyrethrum and synergist piperonyl-butoxide (PBO).', 'PHA-stimulated cultures of T-helper lymphocytes and blood basophil incubates from nonatopic and atopic patients (IgE > 1000 IU) provided cytokine and histamine determination. Western blot analysis was used for the measurement of Th2-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6). Pyrethroids and xenobiotics were added 4 h post-plating.', 'We demonstrated that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and expression was correlated with lymphocyte proliferation, however, interleukin-4 (IL-4) was down-regulated at the end of the 3 day culture. Atopics showed significantly higher IL-4 activity than nonatopics. Pyrethroids inhibited IFN-gamma and IL-4 in both groups at around 10(-5) M. Only fenvalerate and S-bioallethrin combined with 10-fold PBO in the atopic-enriched blood basophil incubates caused a weak but significant increase in histamine release. Histamine acted bidirectionally on STAT6, but pyrethroids inhibited the intracellular Th2-specific STAT6 more effectively in atopics than in nonatopics.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Histamine', 'Histamine Release', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Insecticides', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Male', 'No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level', 'Pyrethrins', 'RNA', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,968 | Is [ No switch region found in the regulatory sequence of HPV 16 for promoter P97 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Cellular transcriptional regulatory factor YY1 represses the activity of the early promoter P97 of HPV 16, but the regulatory activity to early promoter P105 of HPV 18 depends on a switch region which locates at the upstream sequences of YY1 binding sites. This study is to find out whether within the HPV 16 LCR there is such motif.",
"DNA sequences of the whole HPV 16 LCR region were analyzed. Two similar switch structures were found. Different CAT reporter plasmids, one containing HPV 16 reference and the other mutated LCRs, both starting at the end of L1 and from the beginning of the enhancer, were generated and transfected in HeLa cells transiently.",
"CAT assays showed there is no change of regulation pattern of YY1 on P97, when the two switch-similar structures were deleted. Sequences analysis also showed that no switch region like motif could be demonstrated in enhancer region, in promoter proximal segment, and even in E6/E7 area."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"DNA, Viral",
"Female",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Papillomaviridae",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Transcription Factors"
]
} | It suggests that there is no such switch region within HPV 16 transcriptional regulatory region. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is [ No switch region found in the regulatory sequence of HPV 16 for promoter P97 ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cellular transcriptional regulatory factor YY1 represses the activity of the early promoter P97 of HPV 16, but the regulatory activity to early promoter P105 of HPV 18 depends on a switch region which locates at the upstream sequences of YY1 binding sites. This study is to find out whether within the HPV 16 LCR there is such motif.', 'DNA sequences of the whole HPV 16 LCR region were analyzed. Two similar switch structures were found. Different CAT reporter plasmids, one containing HPV 16 reference and the other mutated LCRs, both starting at the end of L1 and from the beginning of the enhancer, were generated and transfected in HeLa cells transiently.', 'CAT assays showed there is no change of regulation pattern of YY1 on P97, when the two switch-similar structures were deleted. Sequences analysis also showed that no switch region like motif could be demonstrated in enhancer region, in promoter proximal segment, and even in E6/E7 area.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Transcription Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,965 | Does [ Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and it 's application ]? | {
"contexts": [
"By using the techniques of PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we established a classification method for HBV genome based on viral S gene of asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC).",
"By using this method we classified HBV DNA of AsC living in Guangzhou, Shenyang, Beijing and Chongqing.",
"Among the AsC of Guangzhou, genotype B was 32.8%, genotype C 42.7%, mixed genotypes B and C 23.0%, others 1.6%; among the AsC of Chongqing, genotype B was 35.0%, genotype C 40.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Beijing, genotype B was 25.0%, genotype C 50.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Shenyang, genotype B was 11.1%, genotype C 88.9%. The prevalent HBV strains in China are genotype C and genotype B, and genotype C is the main genotype in west China."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carrier State",
"China",
"DNA, Viral",
"Genome, Viral",
"Hepatitis B virus",
"Hepatitis B, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length"
]
} | The established method for genotyping is simple and convenient. Using this method, we also classified HBV DNA of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis living in Guangzhou, and found that mixed genotypes B and C was in 50.0% of the patients detected, suggesting the mixed infection might lead to a severe damage of the liver tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and it 's application ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['By using the techniques of PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we established a classification method for HBV genome based on viral S gene of asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC).', 'By using this method we classified HBV DNA of AsC living in Guangzhou, Shenyang, Beijing and Chongqing.', 'Among the AsC of Guangzhou, genotype B was 32.8%, genotype C 42.7%, mixed genotypes B and C 23.0%, others 1.6%; among the AsC of Chongqing, genotype B was 35.0%, genotype C 40.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Beijing, genotype B was 25.0%, genotype C 50.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Shenyang, genotype B was 11.1%, genotype C 88.9%. The prevalent HBV strains in China are genotype C and genotype B, and genotype C is the main genotype in west China.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carrier State', 'China', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genome, Viral', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,132 | Is left ventricular dysfunction associated with CD4 lymphocyte count rather than opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is often found in the early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and deteriorates with disease progression. CD4 lymphocyte count and opportunistic infection are the major indicators for the clinical staging of HIV infection. This study investigated the association of these indicators with LV dysfunction in the clinical course of HIV infection.",
"HIV-positive patients without cardiac manifestations consecutively admitted from May 1998 to April 1999 were enrolled in the study. Echocardiographic LV function evaluation and measurement of CD4 lymphocyte count were performed. Parameters for LV systolic and diastolic functions were compared between patients with CD4 lymphocyte count >or= 200/microL and those with CD4 < 200/microL. In patients with CD4 < 200/microL, LV function was further correlated with the presence or absence of opportunistic infections.",
"Ninety eight HIV-positive patients including 52 with CD4 >or= 200/microL and 46 with CD4 < 200/microL were studied. One half of the 46 patients with CD4 < 200/microL had active opportunistic infections. We found that LV fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and isovolumic relaxation time were all significantly lower in the patients with CD4 < 200/microL compared with those with CD4 >or= 200/microL. Moreover, these LV systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were positively correlated with decreased CD4 lymphocyte count. In contrast, no difference was found in these parameters between patients with and without opportunistic infections. In multiple regression analysis, CD4 lymphocyte count was found to be the only factor for predicting the LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections",
"Adult",
"CD4 Lymphocyte Count",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Both LV systolic and diastolic function deteriorate as the CD4 lymphocyte count decreases in HIV infection. Opportunistic infection seems to have a limited role in the pathogenesis of LV dysfunction in advanced HIV infection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is left ventricular dysfunction associated with CD4 lymphocyte count rather than opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is often found in the early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and deteriorates with disease progression. CD4 lymphocyte count and opportunistic infection are the major indicators for the clinical staging of HIV infection. This study investigated the association of these indicators with LV dysfunction in the clinical course of HIV infection.', 'HIV-positive patients without cardiac manifestations consecutively admitted from May 1998 to April 1999 were enrolled in the study. Echocardiographic LV function evaluation and measurement of CD4 lymphocyte count were performed. Parameters for LV systolic and diastolic functions were compared between patients with CD4 lymphocyte count >or= 200/microL and those with CD4 < 200/microL. In patients with CD4 < 200/microL, LV function was further correlated with the presence or absence of opportunistic infections.', 'Ninety eight HIV-positive patients including 52 with CD4 >or= 200/microL and 46 with CD4 < 200/microL were studied. One half of the 46 patients with CD4 < 200/microL had active opportunistic infections. We found that LV fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and isovolumic relaxation time were all significantly lower in the patients with CD4 < 200/microL compared with those with CD4 >or= 200/microL. Moreover, these LV systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were positively correlated with decreased CD4 lymphocyte count. In contrast, no difference was found in these parameters between patients with and without opportunistic infections. In multiple regression analysis, CD4 lymphocyte count was found to be the only factor for predicting the LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,465 | Do cryo-thawed embryos obtained from conception cycles have double the implantation and pregnancy potential of those from unsuccessful cycles? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fresh IVF/ICSI cycle outcome on the prognosis of the related frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycle.",
"459 FER cycles, involving 2049 cleavage stage embryos with no or up to 10% fragmentation, were performed for which the outcome of the fresh cycle was recorded. The cycles were divided into two groups; group A included cycles in which cryopreserved embryos were obtained from fresh cycles in which conception occurred. Group B were cycles in which cryopreserved embryos originated from unsuccessful fresh cycles.",
"Groups A and B were comparable with respect to mean (+/- SD) age at cryopreservation (33 +/- 3.9 versus 33.2 +/- 4 years, P = not significant), mean number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized normally in the fresh cycle (11 +/- 5.2 versus 11.2 +/- 4.8, P = not significant) and mean age at the cryo-thawed transfer (34.5 +/- 4.2 versus 33.9 +/- 4 years, P = not significant). No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to mean number of embryos cryopreserved (6.5 +/- 3.9 versus 6.2 +/- 3.6) and subsequently thawed (4.5 +/- 2.5 versus 4.5 +/- 1.8) per cycle and number of cryo-thawed embryos transferred per cycle (2.0 +/- 0.7 versus 2.1 +/- 0.8). However, the implantation rate per transferred embryo in group A was double that in group B (23 versus 11.2%, P < 0.0001). Moreover, the clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates per cycle were significantly higher in group A compared with group B (34.8 and 27.3% versus 15.6 and 13.1%, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003 respectively). The difference in FER cycle outcome could not be explained by confounding variables."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cryopreservation",
"Embryo Implantation",
"Embryo Transfer",
"Embryo, Mammalian",
"Female",
"Fertilization",
"Hot Temperature",
"Humans",
"Pregnancy",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | After thawing, cryopreserved embryos originating from conception IVF/ICSI cycles achieve double the implantation and pregnancy rates of those obtained from unsuccessful cycles. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cryo-thawed embryos obtained from conception cycles have double the implantation and pregnancy potential of those from unsuccessful cycles?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fresh IVF/ICSI cycle outcome on the prognosis of the related frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycle.', '459 FER cycles, involving 2049 cleavage stage embryos with no or up to 10% fragmentation, were performed for which the outcome of the fresh cycle was recorded. The cycles were divided into two groups; group A included cycles in which cryopreserved embryos were obtained from fresh cycles in which conception occurred. Group B were cycles in which cryopreserved embryos originated from unsuccessful fresh cycles.', 'Groups A and B were comparable with respect to mean (+/- SD) age at cryopreservation (33 +/- 3.9 versus 33.2 +/- 4 years, P = not significant), mean number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized normally in the fresh cycle (11 +/- 5.2 versus 11.2 +/- 4.8, P = not significant) and mean age at the cryo-thawed transfer (34.5 +/- 4.2 versus 33.9 +/- 4 years, P = not significant). No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to mean number of embryos cryopreserved (6.5 +/- 3.9 versus 6.2 +/- 3.6) and subsequently thawed (4.5 +/- 2.5 versus 4.5 +/- 1.8) per cycle and number of cryo-thawed embryos transferred per cycle (2.0 +/- 0.7 versus 2.1 +/- 0.8). However, the implantation rate per transferred embryo in group A was double that in group B (23 versus 11.2%, P < 0.0001). Moreover, the clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates per cycle were significantly higher in group A compared with group B (34.8 and 27.3% versus 15.6 and 13.1%, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003 respectively). The difference in FER cycle outcome could not be explained by confounding variables.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cryopreservation', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Fertilization', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,215 | Do psychological distress and pain significantly increase before death in metastatic breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to examine the course of psychological distress and pain from study entry to death in 59 women with metastatic breast cancer participating in a randomized trial of the effects of group psychotherapy on psychosocial outcomes and survival. It was hypothesized that psychological distress would increase significantly before death independent of changes in pain.",
"Data were collected as part of a larger study (N = 125). Analyses were based on data from a subset of women who had died and for whom we had data from at least three assessments. Mean levels of mood, trauma symptoms, depression symptoms, well-being, and pain over three time points were examined: at baseline (T1), the second-to-last assessment before death (T2), and the last assessment before death (T3).",
"Results indicate that while psychological distress remained relatively constant or declined from T1 to T2, means on all measures significantly changed in the hypothesized direction from T2 to T3. Neither self-reported pain, nor the passage of time, appeared to account for these changes. Additionally, participation in group psychotherapy did not have a significant impact on this change in distress proximal to death."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Aged",
"Attitude to Death",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Death",
"Depression",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Psychotherapy, Group",
"Retrospective Studies",
"San Francisco",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Survival Analysis",
"Terminal Care",
"Terminally Ill",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | Results suggest that specialized end-stage clinical interventions are particularly needed for cancer patients as they approach death. Moreover, intervention studies for patients with deteriorating illnesses may need to take this "spike" in psychological distress and pain proximal to death into account to avoid Type II errors in evaluations of psychological outcomes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do psychological distress and pain significantly increase before death in metastatic breast cancer patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to examine the course of psychological distress and pain from study entry to death in 59 women with metastatic breast cancer participating in a randomized trial of the effects of group psychotherapy on psychosocial outcomes and survival. It was hypothesized that psychological distress would increase significantly before death independent of changes in pain.', 'Data were collected as part of a larger study (N = 125). Analyses were based on data from a subset of women who had died and for whom we had data from at least three assessments. Mean levels of mood, trauma symptoms, depression symptoms, well-being, and pain over three time points were examined: at baseline (T1), the second-to-last assessment before death (T2), and the last assessment before death (T3).', 'Results indicate that while psychological distress remained relatively constant or declined from T1 to T2, means on all measures significantly changed in the hypothesized direction from T2 to T3. Neither self-reported pain, nor the passage of time, appeared to account for these changes. Additionally, participation in group psychotherapy did not have a significant impact on this change in distress proximal to death.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Affect', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Death', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Death', 'Depression', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Psychotherapy, Group', 'Retrospective Studies', 'San Francisco', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Survival Analysis', 'Terminal Care', 'Terminally Ill', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Failure']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,284 | Are men with colorectal cancer predisposed to prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between colorectal and prostate cancer.",
"All Victorian men who developed metachronous colorectal and prostate cancer with the first primary diagnosed between 1982 and 1993 were identified retrospectively from the Victorian Cancer Registry and were followed up to the end of 1995. Analyses were stratified by age group and years of follow up. The cause of death in those men who had prostate cancer following colorectal cancer was determined. The stage of colorectal cancer was compared between men with and without second primary prostate cancer and the grade of prostate cancer was compared with men who did not have a prior colorectal cancer.",
"Men who develop colorectal cancer are at increased risk of prostate cancer, with the greatest risk in men under the age of 65 (Relative risk approximately 2). Men with first primary colorectal cancer are more likely to develop prostate cancer than colorectal second primaries, and men who develop second primary prostate cancer are more likely to die of prostate cancer than colorectal cancer."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Cohort Studies",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Risk Assessment",
"Survival Rate",
"Time Factors",
"Victoria"
]
} | Younger men diagnosed with colorectal cancer are at increased risk of prostate cancer. However, there is no direct evidence that screening for prostate cancer leads to a reduction in mortality. This should be considered when discussing long-term follow up. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are men with colorectal cancer predisposed to prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between colorectal and prostate cancer.', 'All Victorian men who developed metachronous colorectal and prostate cancer with the first primary diagnosed between 1982 and 1993 were identified retrospectively from the Victorian Cancer Registry and were followed up to the end of 1995. Analyses were stratified by age group and years of follow up. The cause of death in those men who had prostate cancer following colorectal cancer was determined. The stage of colorectal cancer was compared between men with and without second primary prostate cancer and the grade of prostate cancer was compared with men who did not have a prior colorectal cancer.', 'Men who develop colorectal cancer are at increased risk of prostate cancer, with the greatest risk in men under the age of 65 (Relative risk approximately 2). Men with first primary colorectal cancer are more likely to develop prostate cancer than colorectal second primaries, and men who develop second primary prostate cancer are more likely to die of prostate cancer than colorectal cancer.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Risk Assessment', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Victoria']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,309 | Is peroxynitrite-induced oxidation of plasma lipids enhanced in stable hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hemodialysis, and oxidative stress is controversial. To determine whether ESRD causes oxidative stress, we measured basal levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes as a marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and peroxynitrite-stimulated formation of F2-isoprostanes, as a marker of the oxidizibility of plasma lipids in vitro, before and after routine hemodialysis.",
"Total plasma F2-isoprostanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) before and after the oxidation of plasma lipids with the peroxynitrite-generating compound, 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), in 23 patients with ESRD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis, and 14 controls. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).",
"There was no difference in basal plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes in the ESRD group prior to hemodialysis, 246 +/- 20 pg/mL, compared to controls, 252 +/- 28 pg/mL, or immediately on completion of hemodialysis, 236 +/- 14 pg/mL. Incubation of control plasma with SIN-1 caused the formation of F2-isoprostanes with plasma concentrations increasing to 987 +/- 54 pg/mL at 6 hours. The formation of F2-isoprostanes stimulated by SIN-1 was markedly enhanced in the plasma obtained from patients undergoing hemodialysis at 1861 +/- 174 pg/mL, P < 0.001, and SIN-1-induced formation of F2-isoprostanes was further increased in plasma obtained immediately after hemodialysis at 2437 +/- 168 pg/mL, P < 0.001. Incubation of plasma with SIN-1 resulted in the net consumption of vitamin E."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"F2-Isoprostanes",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Lipids",
"Male",
"Membranes, Artificial",
"Middle Aged",
"Molsidomine",
"Nitric Oxide Donors",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Peroxynitrous Acid",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Tocopherols",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | Although basal plasma F2-isoprostanes were similar in patients with ESRD compared with controls, the presence of oxidative stress in patients with ESRD was unmasked when the plasma was stressed by peroxynitrite generated from SIN-1, and this was enhanced further by hemodialysis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is peroxynitrite-induced oxidation of plasma lipids enhanced in stable hemodialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hemodialysis, and oxidative stress is controversial. To determine whether ESRD causes oxidative stress, we measured basal levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes as a marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and peroxynitrite-stimulated formation of F2-isoprostanes, as a marker of the oxidizibility of plasma lipids in vitro, before and after routine hemodialysis.', 'Total plasma F2-isoprostanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) before and after the oxidation of plasma lipids with the peroxynitrite-generating compound, 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), in 23 patients with ESRD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis, and 14 controls. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).', 'There was no difference in basal plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes in the ESRD group prior to hemodialysis, 246 +/- 20 pg/mL, compared to controls, 252 +/- 28 pg/mL, or immediately on completion of hemodialysis, 236 +/- 14 pg/mL. Incubation of control plasma with SIN-1 caused the formation of F2-isoprostanes with plasma concentrations increasing to 987 +/- 54 pg/mL at 6 hours. The formation of F2-isoprostanes stimulated by SIN-1 was markedly enhanced in the plasma obtained from patients undergoing hemodialysis at 1861 +/- 174 pg/mL, P < 0.001, and SIN-1-induced formation of F2-isoprostanes was further increased in plasma obtained immediately after hemodialysis at 2437 +/- 168 pg/mL, P < 0.001. Incubation of plasma with SIN-1 resulted in the net consumption of vitamin E.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'F2-Isoprostanes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Middle Aged', 'Molsidomine', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peroxynitrous Acid', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Tocopherols', 'Uric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,303 | Does hypertension superimposed on type II diabetes in Goto Kakizaki rats induce progressive nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Type II diabetes in the Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats (derived from Wistar rats) is not associated with the development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or pronounced renal functional changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of superimposed hypertension on renal function and morphology under conditions of hyper- and normoglycemia.",
"The evolution of biochemical and morphologic renal changes was examined in GK and Wistar rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt over 24 weeks.",
"Blood pressure was increased from 6 weeks on in GK and Wistar rats with no difference in blood pressure levels between both groups (week 24, 183 +/- 14 mm Hg vs. 191 +/- 13 mm Hg, P = NS, vs. 144 +/- 6 mm Hg in normal controls, P < 0.01). A progressive increase in proteinuria was observed in hypertensive GK rats from 12 weeks on (week 24, 168 +/- 62 mg/day vs. 41 +/- 30 mg/day in hypertensive Wistar rats, P = 0.002). Histologic analysis at weeks 15 and 24 showed progressive glomerulosclerosis in hypertensive GK and Wistar rats (week 24, 13 +/- 4% vs. 8 +/- 1%, P = NS) but not in nonhypertensive GK controls. This was associated with evidence of podocyte damage (de novo desmin expression) in hypertensive as compared to nonhypertensive GK rats (week 24, score 1.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1, P < 0.001) while no significant increase was observed in hypertensive vs. nonhypertensive Wistar rats. Tubulointerstitial damage was increased in hypertensive GK as compared to hypertensive Wistar rats (week 24, score 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.3, P = 0.01). By immunohistochemistry, this was associated with an up-regulation of tubulointerstitial type IV collagen as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, macrophage infiltration and cell proliferation in hypertensive GK rats."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Desoxycorticosterone",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Nephropathies",
"Disease Progression",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Hypertension, Renal",
"Kidney",
"Kidney Glomerulus",
"Kidney Tubules",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | Our data demonstrate that long-standing type II diabetes alone is not sufficient to induce progressive nephropathy unless secondary injurious mechanisms such as hypertension are present. The hypertensive GK rat provides a novel model to investigate the mechanisms involved in diabetic nephropathy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypertension superimposed on type II diabetes in Goto Kakizaki rats induce progressive nephropathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Type II diabetes in the Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats (derived from Wistar rats) is not associated with the development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or pronounced renal functional changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of superimposed hypertension on renal function and morphology under conditions of hyper- and normoglycemia.', 'The evolution of biochemical and morphologic renal changes was examined in GK and Wistar rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt over 24 weeks.', 'Blood pressure was increased from 6 weeks on in GK and Wistar rats with no difference in blood pressure levels between both groups (week 24, 183 +/- 14 mm Hg vs. 191 +/- 13 mm Hg, P = NS, vs. 144 +/- 6 mm Hg in normal controls, P < 0.01). A progressive increase in proteinuria was observed in hypertensive GK rats from 12 weeks on (week 24, 168 +/- 62 mg/day vs. 41 +/- 30 mg/day in hypertensive Wistar rats, P = 0.002). Histologic analysis at weeks 15 and 24 showed progressive glomerulosclerosis in hypertensive GK and Wistar rats (week 24, 13 +/- 4% vs. 8 +/- 1%, P = NS) but not in nonhypertensive GK controls. This was associated with evidence of podocyte damage (de novo desmin expression) in hypertensive as compared to nonhypertensive GK rats (week 24, score 1.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1, P < 0.001) while no significant increase was observed in hypertensive vs. nonhypertensive Wistar rats. Tubulointerstitial damage was increased in hypertensive GK as compared to hypertensive Wistar rats (week 24, score 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.3, P = 0.01). By immunohistochemistry, this was associated with an up-regulation of tubulointerstitial type IV collagen as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, macrophage infiltration and cell proliferation in hypertensive GK rats.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Desoxycorticosterone', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Disease Progression', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,300 | Does cell senescence in rat kidneys in vivo increase with growth and age despite lack of telomere shortening? | {
"contexts": [
"Somatic cells in vitro have a finite life expectancy before entering a state of senescence, but it is unclear whether this state occurs in vivo in kidney development, growth, and aging. We previously showed that human kidney cortex displays telomere shortening with age. In this study, we compared the structural and functional changes in rat kidney with age to phenomena associated with cellular senescence in vitro.",
"We assessed the changes in Fischer 344 rat kidneys from age 1 to 9 months to define growth and development and from age 9 to 24 months to define aging.",
"Rat kidney telomeres were approximately 35 to 40 kb long and did not shorten significantly. Expression of mRNA for p16INK4a, a characteristic senescence gene in vitro, was undetectable in most young rats but rose 27 fold during growth and a further 72-fold during aging. p16INK4a protein was localized to the nucleus and increased with age. p16INK4a mRNA also increased in other tissues. Lipofuscin and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase increased in epithelium with growth and aging and their occurrence was significantly associated with each other. Lipofuscin was particularly found in atrophic nephrons."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Cellular Senescence",
"Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16",
"Gene Expression",
"Heart",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Kidney",
"Lipofuscin",
"Peptide Fragments",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Spleen",
"Telomere",
"beta-Galactosidase"
]
} | We conclude that cell senescence occurs in both growth and aging in rat kidney and may contribute to the age-related pathology. These changes are not due to telomere shortening, but may reflect cumulative environmental stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cell senescence in rat kidneys in vivo increase with growth and age despite lack of telomere shortening?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Somatic cells in vitro have a finite life expectancy before entering a state of senescence, but it is unclear whether this state occurs in vivo in kidney development, growth, and aging. We previously showed that human kidney cortex displays telomere shortening with age. In this study, we compared the structural and functional changes in rat kidney with age to phenomena associated with cellular senescence in vitro.', 'We assessed the changes in Fischer 344 rat kidneys from age 1 to 9 months to define growth and development and from age 9 to 24 months to define aging.', 'Rat kidney telomeres were approximately 35 to 40 kb long and did not shorten significantly. Expression of mRNA for p16INK4a, a characteristic senescence gene in vitro, was undetectable in most young rats but rose 27 fold during growth and a further 72-fold during aging. p16INK4a protein was localized to the nucleus and increased with age. p16INK4a mRNA also increased in other tissues. Lipofuscin and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase increased in epithelium with growth and aging and their occurrence was significantly associated with each other. Lipofuscin was particularly found in atrophic nephrons.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Gene Expression', 'Heart', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Kidney', 'Lipofuscin', 'Peptide Fragments', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Spleen', 'Telomere', 'beta-Galactosidase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,307 | Is hypocitraturia one of the major risk factors for nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at risk to develop nephrocalcinosis (NC). NC may result from spontaneous or therapy-induced imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of crystallization in the urine. However, data on \"normal\" urinary excretions of these parameters in VLBW infants are sparse. Therefore, we prospectively examined the urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and citrate in VLBW infants during the first 8 weeks of life.",
"Urine samples were collected once weekly in 124 VLBW infants. NC appeared in 16 infants, whose data were separately analyzed. The remaining 108 infants were divided into subgroups: A, <1000 g (N = 53); and B, 1000 to 1500 g (N = 55). Random urine samples were analyzed and the results were expressed as molar creatinine ratios. Calcium/citrate and oxalate/citrate expressed the risk for calcium oxalate crystallization.",
"In group A, citrate excretion was lower at weeks 2 to 5 and 7; calcium/citrate was higher in weeks 2, 4, and 7; oxalate/citrate was higher in weeks 3, 4, 7, and 8; and calcium/creatinine ratio was higher in week 4 (P < 0.05). Citrate/creatinine ratios were low in nine infants with NC. Oxalate/creatinine and calcium/creatinine were elevated in five and calcium/citrate was increased in nine infants with NC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Calcium",
"Citric Acid",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Newborn, Diseases",
"Infant, Premature",
"Infant, Very Low Birth Weight",
"Male",
"Nephrocalcinosis",
"Oxalates",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | Hypocitraturia is a major risk factor for NC in VLBW infants, especially in those <1000 g. The urinary excretions in VLBW infants seem to depend on birth weight, age, and clinical condition. Hence, supplementation with alkali citrate may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of NC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hypocitraturia one of the major risk factors for nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at risk to develop nephrocalcinosis (NC). NC may result from spontaneous or therapy-induced imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of crystallization in the urine. However, data on \"normal\" urinary excretions of these parameters in VLBW infants are sparse. Therefore, we prospectively examined the urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and citrate in VLBW infants during the first 8 weeks of life.', 'Urine samples were collected once weekly in 124 VLBW infants. NC appeared in 16 infants, whose data were separately analyzed. The remaining 108 infants were divided into subgroups: A, <1000 g (N = 53); and B, 1000 to 1500 g (N = 55). Random urine samples were analyzed and the results were expressed as molar creatinine ratios. Calcium/citrate and oxalate/citrate expressed the risk for calcium oxalate crystallization.', 'In group A, citrate excretion was lower at weeks 2 to 5 and 7; calcium/citrate was higher in weeks 2, 4, and 7; oxalate/citrate was higher in weeks 3, 4, 7, and 8; and calcium/creatinine ratio was higher in week 4 (P < 0.05). Citrate/creatinine ratios were low in nine infants with NC. Oxalate/creatinine and calcium/creatinine were elevated in five and calcium/citrate was increased in nine infants with NC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Calcium', 'Citric Acid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Male', 'Nephrocalcinosis', 'Oxalates', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Uric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,304 | Is very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI increased in diabetic nephropathy : comparison with apoprotein CIII? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing hypertriglyceridemia independent of apo CIII, which is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the incidence of CHD is increased in diabetic patients and is even higher when diabetic nephropathy is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 diabetic patients, with various degree of nephropathy, and compared the results with those for healthy controls or nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).",
"This study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt proteinuria, and CRF on hemodialysis and nondiabetic hemodialysis patients. VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).",
"The apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in diabetic patients with overt proteinuria than in controls. Hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. Nondiabetic hemodialysis patients also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Apolipoprotein C-I",
"Apolipoprotein C-III",
"Apolipoproteins C",
"Biomarkers",
"Cholesterol, VLDL",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Nephropathies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperlipidemias",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | An increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of dyslipidemia in CRF patients, regardless of whether they are diabetic or nondiabetic, whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to diabetic nephropathy and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for CHD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI increased in diabetic nephropathy : comparison with apoprotein CIII?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing hypertriglyceridemia independent of apo CIII, which is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the incidence of CHD is increased in diabetic patients and is even higher when diabetic nephropathy is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 diabetic patients, with various degree of nephropathy, and compared the results with those for healthy controls or nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).', 'This study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt proteinuria, and CRF on hemodialysis and nondiabetic hemodialysis patients. VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).', 'The apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in diabetic patients with overt proteinuria than in controls. Hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. Nondiabetic hemodialysis patients also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Apolipoprotein C-I', 'Apolipoprotein C-III', 'Apolipoproteins C', 'Biomarkers', 'Cholesterol, VLDL', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,760,457 | Is contralateral groin exploration justified in infants with a unilateral inguinal hernia? | {
"contexts": [
"Contralateral groin exploration in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is still controversial, particularly in infants. The patency rate of processus vaginalis is highest in infants but there are few data on the subsequent risk of contralateral hernia development in infants. In this retrospective study, we aimed to find out the incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia following unilateral inguinal herniotomy in infants aged less than one year.",
"All infants who underwent a unilateral Inguinal herniotomy between January 1990 and December 1998 were studied retrospectively. Infants with bilateral hernia (n = 7) were excluded from the study.",
"One hundred and one infants (93 boys and 8 girls) were studied. Median age at operation was 23 (range 2-52) weeks. The herniotomy was right-sided in 75% of the infants. Follow-up ranged from three and a half years to 11 years. A contralateral hernia developed in nine infants (9.0%). One of the initial hernias was incarcerated. Median time from operation to occurrence of contralateral hernia was 18 (range 2-60) months. None of the contralateral hernia was incarcerated. Age, sex, incarceration and side of initial hernia did not influence the development of contralateral hernia."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hernia, Inguinal",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The low incidence and benign nature of contralateral hernia development in infants undergoing a unilateral inguinal herniotomy does not justify routine contralateral groin exploration. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is contralateral groin exploration justified in infants with a unilateral inguinal hernia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Contralateral groin exploration in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is still controversial, particularly in infants. The patency rate of processus vaginalis is highest in infants but there are few data on the subsequent risk of contralateral hernia development in infants. In this retrospective study, we aimed to find out the incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia following unilateral inguinal herniotomy in infants aged less than one year.', 'All infants who underwent a unilateral Inguinal herniotomy between January 1990 and December 1998 were studied retrospectively. Infants with bilateral hernia (n = 7) were excluded from the study.', 'One hundred and one infants (93 boys and 8 girls) were studied. Median age at operation was 23 (range 2-52) weeks. The herniotomy was right-sided in 75% of the infants. Follow-up ranged from three and a half years to 11 years. A contralateral hernia developed in nine infants (9.0%). One of the initial hernias was incarcerated. Median time from operation to occurrence of contralateral hernia was 18 (range 2-60) months. None of the contralateral hernia was incarcerated. Age, sex, incarceration and side of initial hernia did not influence the development of contralateral hernia.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,777,860 | Does anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy affect the death signals of graft-infiltrating cells after clinical heart transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To define whether immunosuppressive agents that block the interleukin (IL)-2 pathway could prevent activation-induced cell death of activated T cells in the graft, we measured expression of IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), IL-15, Fas, and Fas ligand by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cardiac allografts.",
"We characterized the phenotype of the infiltrating cells (CD3, CD68, CD25) by immunohistochemistry. The proportion of apoptotic graft-infiltrating cells was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) staining. We analyzed endomyocardial biopsy specimens from cardiac allograft recipients who were treated with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) induction therapy (daclizumab) or with matching placebo in combination with cyclosporine, steroids, and mycophenolate mofetil.",
"Treatment with anti-CD25 mAb affected the number of infiltrating CD3 and CD68 cells and the IL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway. During anti-CD25 mAb treatment, significantly lower intragraft IL-2 and CD25 mRNA transcription levels and decreased numbers of CD25+ T cells were found compared with the levels measured in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from placebo-treated patients (5- to 10-fold, P=0.002 and P<0.0001, respectively). In these samples the intragraft mRNA expression levels of IL-15 were also lower (P=0.02). Inhibition of the IL-2 pathway by anti-CD25 mAb therapy was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein of Fas ligand and not by reduced Fas expression (P=0.001 and P=0.03). TUNEL staining revealed that the proportion of graft-infiltrating cells was lower in the anti-CD25 mAb patient group than the proportion of apoptotic cells in patients receiving placebo (P=0.06)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized",
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Death",
"Cytokines",
"Daclizumab",
"Fas Ligand Protein",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Myocardium",
"Receptors, Cytokine",
"Receptors, Interleukin",
"Receptors, Interleukin-2",
"Signal Transduction",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | Our data suggest that immunosuppressive agents that affect the IL-2 pathway hinder the mechanism of activation-induced cell death by which the immune system eliminates alloreactive cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy affect the death signals of graft-infiltrating cells after clinical heart transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To define whether immunosuppressive agents that block the interleukin (IL)-2 pathway could prevent activation-induced cell death of activated T cells in the graft, we measured expression of IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), IL-15, Fas, and Fas ligand by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cardiac allografts.', 'We characterized the phenotype of the infiltrating cells (CD3, CD68, CD25) by immunohistochemistry. The proportion of apoptotic graft-infiltrating cells was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) staining. We analyzed endomyocardial biopsy specimens from cardiac allograft recipients who were treated with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) induction therapy (daclizumab) or with matching placebo in combination with cyclosporine, steroids, and mycophenolate mofetil.', 'Treatment with anti-CD25 mAb affected the number of infiltrating CD3 and CD68 cells and the IL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway. During anti-CD25 mAb treatment, significantly lower intragraft IL-2 and CD25 mRNA transcription levels and decreased numbers of CD25+ T cells were found compared with the levels measured in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from placebo-treated patients (5- to 10-fold, P=0.002 and P<0.0001, respectively). In these samples the intragraft mRNA expression levels of IL-15 were also lower (P=0.02). Inhibition of the IL-2 pathway by anti-CD25 mAb therapy was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein of Fas ligand and not by reduced Fas expression (P=0.001 and P=0.03). TUNEL staining revealed that the proportion of graft-infiltrating cells was lower in the anti-CD25 mAb patient group than the proportion of apoptotic cells in patients receiving placebo (P=0.06).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Death', 'Cytokines', 'Daclizumab', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Myocardium', 'Receptors, Cytokine', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,815 | Does starch in plasterboard sustain Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of plasterboard composition on Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores were studied.",
"Streptomyces californicus was grown on 13 modified plasterboards under saturated humidity conditions. The total content of fatty acid methyl esters was used for quantifying S. californicus biomass, while the spore-induced cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukine-6 (IL-6) in mouse macrophages was used to assess the bioactivity of spores. Removal of starch completely from the plasterboard or only from the core reduced significantly the biomass production and the biological activity of spores in comparison with reference board. The biocide added into the core or on the liner decreased the growth markedly and inhibited the sporulation totally. The biomass production correlated positively with the spore number, cytotoxicity, and production of NO and IL-6."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carbon",
"Construction Materials",
"Environmental Microbiology",
"Interleukin-6",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Spores",
"Starch",
"Streptomyces",
"Water"
]
} | Streptomyces californicus grew under nutrient limitation on all studied plasterboards. The starch is the major factor enabling S. californicus to grow and to produce biologically active metabolites on plasterboard. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does starch in plasterboard sustain Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effects of plasterboard composition on Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores were studied.', 'Streptomyces californicus was grown on 13 modified plasterboards under saturated humidity conditions. The total content of fatty acid methyl esters was used for quantifying S. californicus biomass, while the spore-induced cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukine-6 (IL-6) in mouse macrophages was used to assess the bioactivity of spores. Removal of starch completely from the plasterboard or only from the core reduced significantly the biomass production and the biological activity of spores in comparison with reference board. The biocide added into the core or on the liner decreased the growth markedly and inhibited the sporulation totally. The biomass production correlated positively with the spore number, cytotoxicity, and production of NO and IL-6.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carbon', 'Construction Materials', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'Interleukin-6', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Spores', 'Starch', 'Streptomyces', 'Water']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,754,122 | Does [ High-dose glucose induce human retinal endothelial cell apoptosis ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the direct effect of high glucose levels on primary cultured human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC).",
"HRCECs were isolated from donated eyes and cultured for 6 days in the media containing 5 or 25 mmol/L glucose. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry, with the cell apoptosis assayed by TUNEL method.",
"The cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose, and the number of apoptotic cells determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL was significantly increased in response to high-dose glucose treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Retina"
]
} | High-dose glucose induces apoptosis in HRCEC, which may contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ High-dose glucose induce human retinal endothelial cell apoptosis ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the direct effect of high glucose levels on primary cultured human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC).', 'HRCECs were isolated from donated eyes and cultured for 6 days in the media containing 5 or 25 mmol/L glucose. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry, with the cell apoptosis assayed by TUNEL method.', 'The cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose, and the number of apoptotic cells determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL was significantly increased in response to high-dose glucose treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Retina']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,779,024 | Does optimization of low pre-operative hemoglobin reduce transfusion requirement in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify factors that influence peri-operative hemorrhage in view of reducing the need for transfusions in patients undergoing trans uretheral resection of prostate (TURP).",
"All patients undergoing TURP between January 1997 and December 1999 were identified using ICD 9CM coding and indexing system. Overall 430 patients were identified, however, 384 charts were included and reviewed for demographics, pre and intra-operative data and post-operative morbidity. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of significant hemorrhage.",
"Overall 384 patients were analyzed. Nineteen patients had hemorrhage--group I whereas 365 had no significant hemorrhage--group II. Mean age and co-morbidities in the two groups were similar. However, in group I, 58% presented with urinary retention compared to 33% in group II. In group I, factors that reached statistical significance include; operative time (p<0.05), mean resected tissue weight (p<0.02), and patient presentation (urinary retention) (p<0.032). There was no significant difference in the two groups with respect to type of anesthesia (regional versus general) and histology of the resected tissue. Patients with mean pre-operative hemoglobin of 10.6 % had a 37% transfusion rate."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Loss, Surgical",
"Blood Transfusion",
"Hemoglobinometry",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Transurethral Resection of Prostate"
]
} | Operative time, weight of resected prostate tissue are inter related and are only partly controllable. Low pre-operative hemoglobin is the only reversible factor in reducing transfusion following TURP. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does optimization of low pre-operative hemoglobin reduce transfusion requirement in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify factors that influence peri-operative hemorrhage in view of reducing the need for transfusions in patients undergoing trans uretheral resection of prostate (TURP).', 'All patients undergoing TURP between January 1997 and December 1999 were identified using ICD 9CM coding and indexing system. Overall 430 patients were identified, however, 384 charts were included and reviewed for demographics, pre and intra-operative data and post-operative morbidity. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of significant hemorrhage.', 'Overall 384 patients were analyzed. Nineteen patients had hemorrhage--group I whereas 365 had no significant hemorrhage--group II. Mean age and co-morbidities in the two groups were similar. However, in group I, 58% presented with urinary retention compared to 33% in group II. In group I, factors that reached statistical significance include; operative time (p<0.05), mean resected tissue weight (p<0.02), and patient presentation (urinary retention) (p<0.032). There was no significant difference in the two groups with respect to type of anesthesia (regional versus general) and histology of the resected tissue. Patients with mean pre-operative hemoglobin of 10.6 % had a 37% transfusion rate.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Hemoglobinometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Transurethral Resection of Prostate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,761,314 | Does heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduce intimal hyperplasia in the iliac artery in baboons? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of heparin-coated balloon-expandable iliac stent placement on intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model.",
"Balloon-expandable (Palmaz-Schatz) stents were placed in bilateral common iliac arteries in 20 male baboons (mean weight: 8.8 kg). In each animal, a heparin-coated iliac stent was placed on one side and the contralateral iliac artery received an uncoated stent that served as a control. The iliac artery stents were harvested at 30 days (n = 10) and 90 days (n = 10). Arteriography was performed to assess iliac patency and intravascular ultrasonography was used to determine neointimal and luminal areas. Histologic and morphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed in the stent-implanted iliac arteries.",
"One animal was excluded in the 30-day group because of premature death. In the remaining nine surviving animals, seven control stents (78%) and nine heparin-coated stents (100%) remained patent. Morphometric analysis showed that the iliac arteries with heparin-coated stents had larger luminal areas (17%, P <.05), less neointimal area (26%, P <.05), lower neointima-to-media ratios (32%, P <.05), and equivalent medial areas (P =.92) compared to the control group at 30 days. In contrast, all control and heparin-coated stents were patent (100%) in the 90-day group. In that group, the heparin-coated stent group had less neointimal area (28%, P <.05), lower neointima-to-media ratios (42%, P <.05), and equivalent medial area (P =.92) and luminal area (P =.07) compared to the control group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Coated Materials, Biocompatible",
"Heparin",
"Hyperplasia",
"Iliac Artery",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning",
"Papio",
"Radiography",
"Stents",
"Tunica Intima",
"Ultrasonography, Interventional",
"Vascular Patency"
]
} | The data demonstrate that heparin-coated balloon-expandable stents reduce intimal hyperplasia after iliac artery stent placement. This approach may represent a useful strategy for prolonging luminal patency after iliac stent placement. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduce intimal hyperplasia in the iliac artery in baboons?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the effect of heparin-coated balloon-expandable iliac stent placement on intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model.', 'Balloon-expandable (Palmaz-Schatz) stents were placed in bilateral common iliac arteries in 20 male baboons (mean weight: 8.8 kg). In each animal, a heparin-coated iliac stent was placed on one side and the contralateral iliac artery received an uncoated stent that served as a control. The iliac artery stents were harvested at 30 days (n = 10) and 90 days (n = 10). Arteriography was performed to assess iliac patency and intravascular ultrasonography was used to determine neointimal and luminal areas. Histologic and morphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed in the stent-implanted iliac arteries.', 'One animal was excluded in the 30-day group because of premature death. In the remaining nine surviving animals, seven control stents (78%) and nine heparin-coated stents (100%) remained patent. Morphometric analysis showed that the iliac arteries with heparin-coated stents had larger luminal areas (17%, P <.05), less neointimal area (26%, P <.05), lower neointima-to-media ratios (32%, P <.05), and equivalent medial areas (P =.92) compared to the control group at 30 days. In contrast, all control and heparin-coated stents were patent (100%) in the 90-day group. In that group, the heparin-coated stent group had less neointimal area (28%, P <.05), lower neointima-to-media ratios (42%, P <.05), and equivalent medial area (P =.92) and luminal area (P =.07) compared to the control group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Heparin', 'Hyperplasia', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Papio', 'Radiography', 'Stents', 'Tunica Intima', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional', 'Vascular Patency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,127 | Are influence of race in heart failure and cardiac transplantation : mortality differences eliminated by specialized , comprehensive care? | {
"contexts": [
"Differences in mortality are thought to exist between African Americans and Caucasians with heart failure. These differences may be due to a variety of factors, including differences in disease process, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. Additionally, little data exist on racial differences between these two groups after cardiac transplantation. This study examines a single center, urban experience in treating African Americans and Caucasians with heart failure and after cardiac transplantation. We hypothesize that treatment in a specialized, comprehensive heart failure/cardiac transplantation program results in similar survival between African Americans and Caucasians.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the Rush Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Database from July 1994 to August 2000. Variables analyzed in the cardiomyopathy patients included survival (until death, placement of left ventricular assist device or cardiac transplantation), number of hospitalizations per year, length of stay per year, and utilization of outpatient resources. Follow-up period was from initial visit to death, transplantation, or implantation of left ventricular assist device. In those who underwent cardiac transplantation, we examined rejection rates (cellular and humoral), rejection burden, hospitalization data, and 5-year survival. A subgroup bridged to cardiac transplantation with a left ventricular device was also analyzed.",
"Seven hundred thirty-four cardiomyopathy patients were identified: 203 were African Americans and 531 were Caucasians. The etiology of cardiomyopathy was more commonly ischemic in Caucasians as compared to non-ischemic in African Americans (P <.01). African Americans had more admissions to the hospital per year compared with Caucasians, 1.2 +/- 2.1 versus.5 +/- 1.1 (P <.01) with longer length of stay per year, 1.4 +/- 25.2 days versus 4.4 +/- 14.3 days (P <.01). Utilization of outpatient resources was significantly higher in African Americans compared with Caucasians with more use of continuous inotropes (13% versus 6%, P <.01), intermittent inotropes (11% versus 5%, P <.01), and home nursing after hospital discharge (52% versus 32% of hospital discharges, P <.01). Survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis was comparable between the two groups (mean survival 1,470 +/- 72 days in African Americans versus 1521 +/- 46 days in Caucasians, log rank test [P =.6]). During this time, 30 African Americans and 73 Caucasians underwent cardiac transplantation. Fifty-three were bridged to transplantation with a left ventricular assist device (20 African Americans, 33 Caucasians). There were no differences in 5-year survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis despite higher peak preoperative panel reactive antibody levels in African Americans versus Caucasians (12% +/- 30% compared with 5% +/- 15%, P =.04), more overall treated rejection episodes per year in the African Americans (P <.01), as well as more posttransplant hospitalizations (2.2 +/- 1.2 times per year as compared with 1.7 +/- 2.1 times per year, P =.04)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"African Americans",
"African Continental Ancestry Group",
"Comprehensive Health Care",
"Delivery of Health Care",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Hospitals, Teaching",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Delivery of care to heart failure patients in a comprehensive, specialized program results in similar survival regardless of race despite higher utilization of inpatient and outpatient resources. The finding that, after cardiac transplantation, African Americans do not have higher mortality rates, despite having higher rates of rejection overall and more hospitalizations, further supports the hypothesis that optimal care can improve outcomes despite unfavorable baseline clinical characteristics. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are influence of race in heart failure and cardiac transplantation : mortality differences eliminated by specialized , comprehensive care?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Differences in mortality are thought to exist between African Americans and Caucasians with heart failure. These differences may be due to a variety of factors, including differences in disease process, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. Additionally, little data exist on racial differences between these two groups after cardiac transplantation. This study examines a single center, urban experience in treating African Americans and Caucasians with heart failure and after cardiac transplantation. We hypothesize that treatment in a specialized, comprehensive heart failure/cardiac transplantation program results in similar survival between African Americans and Caucasians.', 'We retrospectively reviewed the Rush Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Database from July 1994 to August 2000. Variables analyzed in the cardiomyopathy patients included survival (until death, placement of left ventricular assist device or cardiac transplantation), number of hospitalizations per year, length of stay per year, and utilization of outpatient resources. Follow-up period was from initial visit to death, transplantation, or implantation of left ventricular assist device. In those who underwent cardiac transplantation, we examined rejection rates (cellular and humoral), rejection burden, hospitalization data, and 5-year survival. A subgroup bridged to cardiac transplantation with a left ventricular device was also analyzed.', 'Seven hundred thirty-four cardiomyopathy patients were identified: 203 were African Americans and 531 were Caucasians. The etiology of cardiomyopathy was more commonly ischemic in Caucasians as compared to non-ischemic in African Americans (P <.01). African Americans had more admissions to the hospital per year compared with Caucasians, 1.2 +/- 2.1 versus.5 +/- 1.1 (P <.01) with longer length of stay per year, 1.4 +/- 25.2 days versus 4.4 +/- 14.3 days (P <.01). Utilization of outpatient resources was significantly higher in African Americans compared with Caucasians with more use of continuous inotropes (13% versus 6%, P <.01), intermittent inotropes (11% versus 5%, P <.01), and home nursing after hospital discharge (52% versus 32% of hospital discharges, P <.01). Survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis was comparable between the two groups (mean survival 1,470 +/- 72 days in African Americans versus 1521 +/- 46 days in Caucasians, log rank test [P =.6]). During this time, 30 African Americans and 73 Caucasians underwent cardiac transplantation. Fifty-three were bridged to transplantation with a left ventricular assist device (20 African Americans, 33 Caucasians). There were no differences in 5-year survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis despite higher peak preoperative panel reactive antibody levels in African Americans versus Caucasians (12% +/- 30% compared with 5% +/- 15%, P =.04), more overall treated rejection episodes per year in the African Americans (P <.01), as well as more posttransplant hospitalizations (2.2 +/- 1.2 times per year as compared with 1.7 +/- 2.1 times per year, P =.04).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['African Americans', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Comprehensive Health Care', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,772,136 | Does lipid emulsion infusion rescue dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously demonstrated in rats that intravenous infusion of a lipid emulsion increases survival in resuscitation from severe bupivacaine cardiac toxicity. The present studies were undertaken to determine if this method is similarly effective in a non-rodent model using a larger animal.",
"Bupivacaine, 10 mg/kg, was administered intravenously over 10 seconds to fasted dogs under isoflurane general anesthesia. Resuscitation included 10 minutes of internal cardiac massage followed with either saline or 20% lipid infusion, administered as a 4-mL/kg bolus followed by continuous infusion at 0.5 mL/kg/min for 10 minutes. Electrocardiogram (EKG), arterial blood pressure (BP), and myocardial pH (pHm) and pO2 (pmO2) were continuously measured.",
"Survival after 10 minutes of unsuccessful cardiac massage was successful for all lipid-treated dogs (n = 6), but with no survivors in the saline controls (n = 6) (P <.01). Hemodynamics, PmO2, and pHm were improved during resuscitation with lipid compared with saline treatment in which dogs did not recover."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Bupivacaine",
"Carbon Dioxide",
"Dogs",
"Fat Emulsions, Intravenous",
"Heart Arrest",
"Heart Rate",
"Hemodynamics",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Myocardium",
"Oxygen",
"Oxygen Consumption"
]
} | We found that infusing a lipid emulsion during resuscitation from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity substantially improved hemodynamics, pmO2, and pHm and increased survival in dogs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lipid emulsion infusion rescue dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We previously demonstrated in rats that intravenous infusion of a lipid emulsion increases survival in resuscitation from severe bupivacaine cardiac toxicity. The present studies were undertaken to determine if this method is similarly effective in a non-rodent model using a larger animal.', 'Bupivacaine, 10 mg/kg, was administered intravenously over 10 seconds to fasted dogs under isoflurane general anesthesia. Resuscitation included 10 minutes of internal cardiac massage followed with either saline or 20% lipid infusion, administered as a 4-mL/kg bolus followed by continuous infusion at 0.5 mL/kg/min for 10 minutes. Electrocardiogram (EKG), arterial blood pressure (BP), and myocardial pH (pHm) and pO2 (pmO2) were continuously measured.', 'Survival after 10 minutes of unsuccessful cardiac massage was successful for all lipid-treated dogs (n = 6), but with no survivors in the saline controls (n = 6) (P <.01). Hemodynamics, PmO2, and pHm were improved during resuscitation with lipid compared with saline treatment in which dogs did not recover.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Local', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Bupivacaine', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Dogs', 'Fat Emulsions, Intravenous', 'Heart Arrest', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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