pubid
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27.9M
| question
stringlengths 17
664
| context
sequence | long_answer
stringlengths 1
3.34k
| final_decision
stringclasses 2
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listlengths 2
2
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12,769,834 | Is the kinase MSK1 required for induction of c-fos by lysophosphatidic acid in mouse embryonic stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The regulation of the immediate-early gene c-fos serves as a paradigm for signal-activated gene induction. Lysophosphatidic acid is a potent serum-borne mitogen able to induce c-fos.",
"Analysing the signalling events following stimulation of mouse embryonic stem cells with serum and lysophosphatidic acid, we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is involved in mediating c-fos induction. We demonstrate that the ERK-activated kinase MSK1 is required for full c-fos promoter activation, as well as for the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element (CRE) binding proteins. We propose that MSK1 contributes to ERK-mediated c-fos promoter activation by targeting CRE binding proteins."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein",
"Embryo, Mammalian",
"Lysophospholipids",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Phosphorylation",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos",
"Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa",
"Serum Response Element",
"Serum Response Factor",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stem Cells"
]
} | These results show that MSK1 is an important ERK-activated mediator of mitogen-stimulated c-fos induction. In addition, they indicate that MSK1 could act through CRE binding proteins to achieve c-fos promoter activation. Thus, they further our understanding of the complex regulation of the model immediate-early gene c-fos. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the kinase MSK1 required for induction of c-fos by lysophosphatidic acid in mouse embryonic stem cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The regulation of the immediate-early gene c-fos serves as a paradigm for signal-activated gene induction. Lysophosphatidic acid is a potent serum-borne mitogen able to induce c-fos.', 'Analysing the signalling events following stimulation of mouse embryonic stem cells with serum and lysophosphatidic acid, we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is involved in mediating c-fos induction. We demonstrate that the ERK-activated kinase MSK1 is required for full c-fos promoter activation, as well as for the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element (CRE) binding proteins. We propose that MSK1 contributes to ERK-mediated c-fos promoter activation by targeting CRE binding proteins.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Lysophospholipids', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa', 'Serum Response Element', 'Serum Response Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,028 | Do persistent haze and disorganization of anterior stromal collagen appear unrelated following phototherapeutic keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"The theoretical effects on corneal transparency induced by changes in collagen fibril packing following phototherapeutic keratectomy were compared to changes in objective measurements of haze.",
"Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on the right eyes of four young rabbits; left eyes were used as controls. Postoperative slit-lamp measurements of haze were taken at regular intervals up to 19 months. Wounded stromas were studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the average interfibrillar spacing of the collagen fibrils. These data were combined with transmission electron microscope measurements, and the summation of scattered fields method was used to predict the transmission of visible light.",
"Objective measurements of haze were higher than the baseline control throughout the study. Electron micrographs of anterior stroma in 8-month-old wounds displayed irregularly spaced and poorly organized fibrils and x-ray diffraction indicated larger mean interfibrillar spacing compared to the controls. However, the predicted transmission of visible light through the anterior stromal scar tissue was not significantly different than normal."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Collagen",
"Corneal Opacity",
"Corneal Stroma",
"Lasers, Excimer",
"Photorefractive Keratectomy",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Rabbits",
"Synchrotrons",
"X-Ray Diffraction"
]
} | Following phototherapeutic keratectomy, anterior corneal collagen fibrils were more widely spaced and unevenly organized than in the normal rabbit cornea. However, this did not cause a significant loss of transparency and was therefore unlikely to contribute to haze. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do persistent haze and disorganization of anterior stromal collagen appear unrelated following phototherapeutic keratectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The theoretical effects on corneal transparency induced by changes in collagen fibril packing following phototherapeutic keratectomy were compared to changes in objective measurements of haze.', 'Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on the right eyes of four young rabbits; left eyes were used as controls. Postoperative slit-lamp measurements of haze were taken at regular intervals up to 19 months. Wounded stromas were studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the average interfibrillar spacing of the collagen fibrils. These data were combined with transmission electron microscope measurements, and the summation of scattered fields method was used to predict the transmission of visible light.', 'Objective measurements of haze were higher than the baseline control throughout the study. Electron micrographs of anterior stroma in 8-month-old wounds displayed irregularly spaced and poorly organized fibrils and x-ray diffraction indicated larger mean interfibrillar spacing compared to the controls. However, the predicted transmission of visible light through the anterior stromal scar tissue was not significantly different than normal.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Collagen', 'Corneal Opacity', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Lasers, Excimer', 'Photorefractive Keratectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rabbits', 'Synchrotrons', 'X-Ray Diffraction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,119 | Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and aging are associated with endothelial dysfunction in various vasculatures. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the renal vasculature cannot be easily assessed, but infusion of L-arginine, the substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leads to an increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) in humans. We have examined the effect of L-arginine infusion on renal hemodynamics in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.",
"Twenty-three elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (age, 65 +/- 6 years; HbA(1c), 7.8 +/- 1.6%) with coexisting arterial hypertension (158 +/- 19/83 +/- 11 mmHg) and elevated cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, 215 +/- 33 mg/dl) were examined. These patients were compared with a young and healthy reference group (n = 20; age, 26 +/- 2 years). The effect of L-arginine infusion (100 mg/kg over 30 min) on RPF and glomerular filtration rate were measured using the constant input clearance technique with p-aminohippurate and inulin, respectively.",
"L-arginine infusion similarly influenced renal hemodynamics in patients and reference subjects: RPF increased by 7 +/- 11 and 7 +/- 11% in diabetic and reference subjects, respectively (P = NS). Other parameters of renal hemodynamics such as glomerular filtration rate (5 +/- 5 vs. 4 +/- 4%) and filtration fraction (-1 +/- 8 vs. -1 +/- 9%) were not significantly different between diabetic and reference subjects, too."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arginine",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Inulin",
"Kidney",
"Metabolic Clearance Rate",
"Reference Values",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Renal Circulation",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diabetes, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and aging are associated with endothelial dysfunction in various vasculatures. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the renal vasculature cannot be easily assessed, but infusion of L-arginine, the substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leads to an increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) in humans. We have examined the effect of L-arginine infusion on renal hemodynamics in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.', 'Twenty-three elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (age, 65 +/- 6 years; HbA(1c), 7.8 +/- 1.6%) with coexisting arterial hypertension (158 +/- 19/83 +/- 11 mmHg) and elevated cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, 215 +/- 33 mg/dl) were examined. These patients were compared with a young and healthy reference group (n = 20; age, 26 +/- 2 years). The effect of L-arginine infusion (100 mg/kg over 30 min) on RPF and glomerular filtration rate were measured using the constant input clearance technique with p-aminohippurate and inulin, respectively.', 'L-arginine infusion similarly influenced renal hemodynamics in patients and reference subjects: RPF increased by 7 +/- 11 and 7 +/- 11% in diabetic and reference subjects, respectively (P = NS). Other parameters of renal hemodynamics such as glomerular filtration rate (5 +/- 5 vs. 4 +/- 4%) and filtration fraction (-1 +/- 8 vs. -1 +/- 9%) were not significantly different between diabetic and reference subjects, too.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arginine', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Inulin', 'Kidney', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Reference Values', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Renal Circulation', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,765,672 | Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Current knowledge of the potential effects that several dietary lipids exert on immune functions indicates that these substances participate actively in the modulation of immune system by which they contribute to the improvement of the conditions of patients suffering from inflammatory disorders. However, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce an immunosuppressive status that leads to a reduction of the host natural resistance to infectious agents as well as to an enhancement of oxidative damage. Hence, the present study has been designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in mice fed dietary lipids and infected with Listeria monocytogenes.",
"Balb/c mice were fed for 4 weeks with diets containing either olive oil (OO, 20% by weight), fish oil (FO, 20% by weight) or hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO, 20% by weight). After dietary lipid administration mice were experimentally infected with L. monocytogenes or treated with NAC (25mg/ml intraperitoneally).",
"NAC at a concentration of 1mM promoted a loss of cell viability, although no differences were observed among the four groups. After injection of NAC in combination with L. monocytogenes, 25% of mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet survived. However, in the groups fed dietary lipids no effect on survival of mice was found. NAC participated in the reduction of superoxide anion generation measured with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the group fed a FO diet. Finally, NAC reduced the recovery of L. monocytogenes from spleen of mice fed diets containing LF or HCO."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Bacterial Adhesion",
"Dietary Fats",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Listeria monocytogenes",
"Listeriosis",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Random Allocation",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Spleen"
]
} | On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Current knowledge of the potential effects that several dietary lipids exert on immune functions indicates that these substances participate actively in the modulation of immune system by which they contribute to the improvement of the conditions of patients suffering from inflammatory disorders. However, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce an immunosuppressive status that leads to a reduction of the host natural resistance to infectious agents as well as to an enhancement of oxidative damage. Hence, the present study has been designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in mice fed dietary lipids and infected with Listeria monocytogenes.', 'Balb/c mice were fed for 4 weeks with diets containing either olive oil (OO, 20% by weight), fish oil (FO, 20% by weight) or hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO, 20% by weight). After dietary lipid administration mice were experimentally infected with L. monocytogenes or treated with NAC (25mg/ml intraperitoneally).', 'NAC at a concentration of 1mM promoted a loss of cell viability, although no differences were observed among the four groups. After injection of NAC in combination with L. monocytogenes, 25% of mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet survived. However, in the groups fed dietary lipids no effect on survival of mice was found. NAC participated in the reduction of superoxide anion generation measured with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the group fed a FO diet. Finally, NAC reduced the recovery of L. monocytogenes from spleen of mice fed diets containing LF or HCO.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Dietary Fats', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Listeriosis', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Random Allocation', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Spleen']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,771,803 | Does signaling through PI3K/Akt mediate stretch and PDGF-BB-dependent DNA synthesis in bladder smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the bladder undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia following exposure to sustained mechanical overload. Although superficial similarities in the response of the heart and bladder to hypertrophic stimuli suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved, this remains to be demonstrated. In this study we compared signal transduction pathway activation in primary culture bladder SMC and cardiac myofibroblasts in response to cyclic stretch. The effects of growth factor stimulation on pathway activation in bladder SMC were also investigated.",
"Primary culture rodent bladder SMC or cardiac myofibroblasts were subjected to cyclic stretch-relaxation in the absence or presence of pharmacologic inhibitors of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK) or the p38 stress-activated protein kinase-2 (SAPK2) pathways. In parallel experiments human bladder SMC were treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In each case the extent of DNA synthesis was determined by uptake of tritiated thymidine, and activation of specific signaling intermediates was determined by immunoblot analysis using antibodies to the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated (activated) forms of Akt, p38 and Erk1/2.",
"Akt and p38 were rapidly phosphorylated in stretched bladder SMC and cardiac myofibroblasts, and stretch-induced DNA synthesis in these cells was ablated with inhibitors of PI3K or p38 but not Erk-MAPK. Similarly, PDGF-BB up-regulated DNA synthesis in bladder SMC in a p38 and Akt-dependent manner."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Becaplermin",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Cells, Cultured",
"DNA",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor",
"Hypertrophy",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Muscle, Smooth",
"Myocardium",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Phosphorylation",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis",
"Rats",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Up-Regulation",
"Urinary Bladder",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | We conclude that distinct stimuli, such as mechanical stretch and PDGF-BB, promote DNA synthesis in bladder SMC through shared downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, phenotypically similar cells from the bladder and heart show comparable pathway activation in response to stretch. These findings suggest that similar molecular mechanisms underlie the altered growth responses of the bladder and heart to mechanical overload. This study also provides the first report of Akt activation in bladder SMC and suggests that Akt, consistent with its pivotal role in cardiac hypertrophy, may also be a key regulator of remodeling in the SMC compartment of the bladder exposed to hypertrophic/hyperplastic stimuli in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does signaling through PI3K/Akt mediate stretch and PDGF-BB-dependent DNA synthesis in bladder smooth muscle cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the bladder undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia following exposure to sustained mechanical overload. Although superficial similarities in the response of the heart and bladder to hypertrophic stimuli suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved, this remains to be demonstrated. In this study we compared signal transduction pathway activation in primary culture bladder SMC and cardiac myofibroblasts in response to cyclic stretch. The effects of growth factor stimulation on pathway activation in bladder SMC were also investigated.', 'Primary culture rodent bladder SMC or cardiac myofibroblasts were subjected to cyclic stretch-relaxation in the absence or presence of pharmacologic inhibitors of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK) or the p38 stress-activated protein kinase-2 (SAPK2) pathways. In parallel experiments human bladder SMC were treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In each case the extent of DNA synthesis was determined by uptake of tritiated thymidine, and activation of specific signaling intermediates was determined by immunoblot analysis using antibodies to the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated (activated) forms of Akt, p38 and Erk1/2.', 'Akt and p38 were rapidly phosphorylated in stretched bladder SMC and cardiac myofibroblasts, and stretch-induced DNA synthesis in these cells was ablated with inhibitors of PI3K or p38 but not Erk-MAPK. Similarly, PDGF-BB up-regulated DNA synthesis in bladder SMC in a p38 and Akt-dependent manner.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Becaplermin', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor', 'Hypertrophy', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Up-Regulation', 'Urinary Bladder', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,623 | Is temozolomide active in childhood , progressive , unresectable , low-grade gliomas? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the activity and tolerability of temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade gliomas (LGGs).",
"The authors reviewed the records of 13 children (6 months to 19 years old) with progressive LGGs and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of unresectable tumors who were treated with temozolomide at the authors' institution since 1999.",
"Four patients received a 5-day regimen of temozolomide (150 mg/m2 per day) repeated every 28 days, and nine patients received a 42-day regimen (75 mg/m2 per day) repeated every 56 days. Three patients demonstrated partial responses to temozolomide, with a median time to maximal response of 5 months (range 4-12 months), and one had a minor response at 9 months. Four patients developed progression while on temozolomide, with a median time to progression of 7 months (range 1-12 months). Five patients had disease stabilization. Among the five patients with prior chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, temozolomide was associated with disease stabilization in three and tumor response in one. In the three patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, two patients experienced tumor responses and one disease stabilization. Thrombocytopenia, nausea, emesis, and fatigue were the most common toxicities. Four patients discontinued therapy because of the side effects."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Dacarbazine",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Glioma",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Temozolomide"
]
} | Temozolomide is active in children with LGGs. It is effective in previously treated patients and in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The 42-day regimen appears less toxic than the 5-day regimen. Any impact on survival for these patients remains to be demonstrated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is temozolomide active in childhood , progressive , unresectable , low-grade gliomas?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the activity and tolerability of temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade gliomas (LGGs).', \"The authors reviewed the records of 13 children (6 months to 19 years old) with progressive LGGs and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of unresectable tumors who were treated with temozolomide at the authors' institution since 1999.\", 'Four patients received a 5-day regimen of temozolomide (150 mg/m2 per day) repeated every 28 days, and nine patients received a 42-day regimen (75 mg/m2 per day) repeated every 56 days. Three patients demonstrated partial responses to temozolomide, with a median time to maximal response of 5 months (range 4-12 months), and one had a minor response at 9 months. Four patients developed progression while on temozolomide, with a median time to progression of 7 months (range 1-12 months). Five patients had disease stabilization. Among the five patients with prior chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, temozolomide was associated with disease stabilization in three and tumor response in one. In the three patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, two patients experienced tumor responses and one disease stabilization. Thrombocytopenia, nausea, emesis, and fatigue were the most common toxicities. Four patients discontinued therapy because of the side effects.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dacarbazine', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Temozolomide']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,129 | Is neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 required to target MEI-1/Katanin for degradation at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition in C. elegans? | {
"contexts": [
"SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) complexes are a major class of E3 ligases that are required to selectively target substrates for ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to the cullin subunit (neddylation) positively regulates activity of SCF complexes, most likely by increasing their affinity for the E2 conjugated to ubiquitin. The Nedd8 conjugation pathway is required in C. elegans embryos for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the microtubule-severing protein MEI-1/Katanin at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition. Genetic experiments suggest that this pathway controls the activity of a CUL-3-based E3 ligase. Counteracting the Nedd8 pathway, the COP9/signalosome has been shown to promote deneddylation of the cullin subunit. However, little is known about the role of neddylation and deneddylation for E3 ligase activity in vivo.",
"Here, we identified and characterized the COP9/signalosome in C. elegans and showed that it promotes deneddylation of CUL-3, a critical target of the Nedd8 conjugation pathway. As in other species, the C. elegans signalosome is a macromolecular complex containing at least six subunits that localizes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Reducing COP9/signalosome function by RNAi results in a failure to degrade MEI-1, leading to severe defects in microtubule-dependent processes during the first mitotic division. Intriguingly, reducing COP9/signalosome function suppresses a partial defect in the neddylation pathway; this suppression suggests that deneddylation and neddylation antagonize each other."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Triphosphatases",
"Animals",
"COP9 Signalosome Complex",
"Caenorhabditis elegans",
"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins",
"Cullin Proteins",
"Immunoblotting",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Katanin",
"Meiosis",
"Mitosis",
"Multiprotein Complexes",
"Nuclear Proteins",
"Peptide Hydrolases",
"Protein Kinases",
"Proteins",
"RNA Interference",
"Two-Hybrid System Techniques",
"Ubiquitins"
]
} | We conclude that both neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 is required for MEI-1 degradation and propose that cycles of CUL-3 neddylation and deneddylation are necessary for its ligase activity in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 required to target MEI-1/Katanin for degradation at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition in C. elegans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) complexes are a major class of E3 ligases that are required to selectively target substrates for ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to the cullin subunit (neddylation) positively regulates activity of SCF complexes, most likely by increasing their affinity for the E2 conjugated to ubiquitin. The Nedd8 conjugation pathway is required in C. elegans embryos for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the microtubule-severing protein MEI-1/Katanin at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition. Genetic experiments suggest that this pathway controls the activity of a CUL-3-based E3 ligase. Counteracting the Nedd8 pathway, the COP9/signalosome has been shown to promote deneddylation of the cullin subunit. However, little is known about the role of neddylation and deneddylation for E3 ligase activity in vivo.', 'Here, we identified and characterized the COP9/signalosome in C. elegans and showed that it promotes deneddylation of CUL-3, a critical target of the Nedd8 conjugation pathway. As in other species, the C. elegans signalosome is a macromolecular complex containing at least six subunits that localizes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Reducing COP9/signalosome function by RNAi results in a failure to degrade MEI-1, leading to severe defects in microtubule-dependent processes during the first mitotic division. Intriguingly, reducing COP9/signalosome function suppresses a partial defect in the neddylation pathway; this suppression suggests that deneddylation and neddylation antagonize each other.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'COP9 Signalosome Complex', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Cullin Proteins', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Katanin', 'Meiosis', 'Mitosis', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Protein Kinases', 'Proteins', 'RNA Interference', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques', 'Ubiquitins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,800 | Does inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling decrease p63 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the p53 homologue p63 are overexpressed in a significant number of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epidermal growth factor receptor and p63 both possess oncogenic properties, including the potential to increase cell proliferation and antagonize apoptosis. ZD1839 (\"Iressa\") is an adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitor specific to the EGFR tyrosine kinase currently under evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent in HNSCC. The objective was to investigate whether p63 expression is decreased after treatment of HNSCC cells with ZD1839. Downregulation of p63 by ZD1839 would identify a potential molecular relationship between EGFR signaling and p63 and could provide insight into the mechanism of action of ZD1839.",
"In vitro examination of p63 expression after ZD1839 treatment.",
"A human HNSCC cell line, SCC-012, was treated with varying doses of ZD1839. p63 protein and messenger RNA levels were analyzed by Western and Northern blot analyses. The effect of ZD1839 on SCC-012 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis.",
"In SCC-012 cells there was a dose-dependent decrease in p63 protein and messenger RNA levels over the course of ZD1839 treatment. Levels of phosphorylated MAPK decreased and p27KIP-1 levels increased after ZD1839 treatment. ZD1839 treatment induced a twofold increase in G1-phase cells and a 3.5-fold decrease in S-phase cells consistent with growth arrest."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Apoptosis",
"Blotting, Northern",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cell Division",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Down-Regulation",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gefitinib",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, Tumor Suppressor",
"Humans",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Mouth Neoplasms",
"Phosphoproteins",
"Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Quinazolines",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Signal Transduction",
"Trans-Activators",
"Transcription Factors",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Tumor Suppressor Proteins"
]
} | ZD1839 downregulates p63 expression at the messenger RNA level, suggesting that p63 is a downstream target of EGFR signaling. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling decrease p63 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the p53 homologue p63 are overexpressed in a significant number of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epidermal growth factor receptor and p63 both possess oncogenic properties, including the potential to increase cell proliferation and antagonize apoptosis. ZD1839 (\"Iressa\") is an adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitor specific to the EGFR tyrosine kinase currently under evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent in HNSCC. The objective was to investigate whether p63 expression is decreased after treatment of HNSCC cells with ZD1839. Downregulation of p63 by ZD1839 would identify a potential molecular relationship between EGFR signaling and p63 and could provide insight into the mechanism of action of ZD1839.', 'In vitro examination of p63 expression after ZD1839 treatment.', 'A human HNSCC cell line, SCC-012, was treated with varying doses of ZD1839. p63 protein and messenger RNA levels were analyzed by Western and Northern blot analyses. The effect of ZD1839 on SCC-012 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis.', 'In SCC-012 cells there was a dose-dependent decrease in p63 protein and messenger RNA levels over the course of ZD1839 treatment. Levels of phosphorylated MAPK decreased and p27KIP-1 levels increased after ZD1839 treatment. ZD1839 treatment induced a twofold increase in G1-phase cells and a 3.5-fold decrease in S-phase cells consistent with growth arrest.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Division', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Down-Regulation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gefitinib', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Quinazolines', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,134 | Does the inhibitory effect of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies on AML cell growth correlate with Syk and/or ZAP-70 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells express the cell surface antigen CD33 that can function as a downregulator of cell growth, mediating growth arrest and apoptosis. The protein kinase Syk is an essential element in several cascades coupling certain antigen receptors to cell responses. Recently we reported that CD33 recruits Syk for its signaling in AML cell lines. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism(s) of Syk engagement in CD33 signaling in primary AML samples.",
"We investigated 25 primary AML samples for their proliferative response (3H-thymidine incorporation) and biochemical changes (Western blot analysis) to anti-CD33 mAb treatment.",
"Proliferation studies demonstrated that 14 (56%) of AML samples were responsive (R) while 11 (44%) were nonresponsive (n-R) to inhibitory antibody activity. Seven of 25 AML samples (28%) expressed undetectable levels of Syk. However, cells from two of these patients expressed the ZAP-70 protein kinase. In Syk/ZAP-70(+) samples, CD33 ligation inhibited proliferation in 70% of cases, while none of the Syk/ZAP-70(-) samples was responsive. There were significant biochemical differences between responder and nonresponder AML populations. In responder samples, CD33 ligation induced phosphorylation of CD33 andSyk and formation of the CD33/Syk complex. In nonresponder samples, CD33 was not phosphorylated, and Syk was in complex with the SHP-1 protein phosphatase constitutively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antigens, CD",
"Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic",
"Cell Division",
"Enzyme Precursors",
"HL-60 Cells",
"Humans",
"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute",
"Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3",
"Stilbenes",
"Syk Kinase",
"ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase"
]
} | Syk is an important component in the regulation of proliferation in AML cells. The differential response of AML cells to CD33 ligation is associated with the level of the Syk expression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the inhibitory effect of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies on AML cell growth correlate with Syk and/or ZAP-70 expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells express the cell surface antigen CD33 that can function as a downregulator of cell growth, mediating growth arrest and apoptosis. The protein kinase Syk is an essential element in several cascades coupling certain antigen receptors to cell responses. Recently we reported that CD33 recruits Syk for its signaling in AML cell lines. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism(s) of Syk engagement in CD33 signaling in primary AML samples.', 'We investigated 25 primary AML samples for their proliferative response (3H-thymidine incorporation) and biochemical changes (Western blot analysis) to anti-CD33 mAb treatment.', 'Proliferation studies demonstrated that 14 (56%) of AML samples were responsive (R) while 11 (44%) were nonresponsive (n-R) to inhibitory antibody activity. Seven of 25 AML samples (28%) expressed undetectable levels of Syk. However, cells from two of these patients expressed the ZAP-70 protein kinase. In Syk/ZAP-70(+) samples, CD33 ligation inhibited proliferation in 70% of cases, while none of the Syk/ZAP-70(-) samples was responsive. There were significant biochemical differences between responder and nonresponder AML populations. In responder samples, CD33 ligation induced phosphorylation of CD33 andSyk and formation of the CD33/Syk complex. In nonresponder samples, CD33 was not phosphorylated, and Syk was in complex with the SHP-1 protein phosphatase constitutively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Cell Division', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3', 'Stilbenes', 'Syk Kinase', 'ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,324 | Are allergen-reactive antibodies found in nasal fluids from patients with birch pollen-induced intermittent allergic rhinitis , but not in healthy controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased levels of allergen-reactive immunoglobulins (Igs) have been reported in nasal fluids from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) sensitive to ragweed and grass. The aims of this study were to make a detailed characterization of nasal fluid Igs in birch pollen-induced IAR.",
"Nasal fluids were obtained from 23 patients with birch pollen-induced IAR during and after the birch pollen season, and from 20 healthy controls. Nasal fluid total and Bet v 1-reactive (IgA), IgE and IgG as well as albumin were analyzed by immunoassays. The integrity of IgA and IgG, and the molecular form of IgA were assessed by Western blotting and column fractionation, respectively.",
"Nasal fluid total IgE and IgG, but not IgA, were higher in patients compared with controls. Western blotting indicated no significant degradation of IgA (including S-IgA) and IgG. Most of the IgA, including Bet v 1-reactive antibodies, was of the secretory form and of the IgA1 subclass. Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were present in all patients, but was mostly nondetectable in controls. No significant differences in the levels of Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in patients during the birch pollen season compared with off season. Both Bet v 1 and Bet v 2-reactive IgE were nondetectable in most samples."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Albumins",
"Allergens",
"Betula",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Eosinophils",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasal Lavage Fluid",
"Nasal Mucosa",
"Nasal Provocation Tests",
"Pollen",
"Prospective Studies",
"Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial"
]
} | Nasal fluid Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in all patients with birch pollen-induced IAR, but not in controls. However, no significant differences were found between patients during and after the birch pollen season. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are allergen-reactive antibodies found in nasal fluids from patients with birch pollen-induced intermittent allergic rhinitis , but not in healthy controls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased levels of allergen-reactive immunoglobulins (Igs) have been reported in nasal fluids from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) sensitive to ragweed and grass. The aims of this study were to make a detailed characterization of nasal fluid Igs in birch pollen-induced IAR.', 'Nasal fluids were obtained from 23 patients with birch pollen-induced IAR during and after the birch pollen season, and from 20 healthy controls. Nasal fluid total and Bet v 1-reactive (IgA), IgE and IgG as well as albumin were analyzed by immunoassays. The integrity of IgA and IgG, and the molecular form of IgA were assessed by Western blotting and column fractionation, respectively.', 'Nasal fluid total IgE and IgG, but not IgA, were higher in patients compared with controls. Western blotting indicated no significant degradation of IgA (including S-IgA) and IgG. Most of the IgA, including Bet v 1-reactive antibodies, was of the secretory form and of the IgA1 subclass. Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were present in all patients, but was mostly nondetectable in controls. No significant differences in the levels of Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in patients during the birch pollen season compared with off season. Both Bet v 1 and Bet v 2-reactive IgE were nondetectable in most samples.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Albumins', 'Allergens', 'Betula', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Lavage Fluid', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Nasal Provocation Tests', 'Pollen', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,325 | Is the IL1A genotype associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease often found coexisting with asthma. As this disorder tends to cluster in families, a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of NP.",
"We analysed the single G-to-T base exchange polymorphism in exon 5 at +4845 of the gene encoding IL-1alpha (IL1A) and the C-to-T base exchange polymorphism at -511 of the gene encoding IL-1beta (IL1B) in a population-based sample of adult asthma patients (n = 245). The data were assessed for correlation with data on history of NP and other phenotype-related characteristics.",
"The prevalence of NP in our study group was 14.3%. The distribution of the IL1A genotype differed significantly between asthmatics with and without NP (P = 0.005). The risk of NP was markedly increased in allele G homozygous subjects (OR = 2.73; 95%CI = 1.40-5.32). In the case of IL1B we found no significant associations. Asthmatics with NP had more symptoms than others, but lung function and blood eosinophil counts were similar."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthma",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasal Polyps",
"Polymorphism, Genetic"
]
} | Our study demonstrates an association of IL1A with NP inasthmatic patients and addresses the role of IL-1alpha as an inflammatory modulator in the pathogenesis of this disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the IL1A genotype associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease often found coexisting with asthma. As this disorder tends to cluster in families, a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of NP.', 'We analysed the single G-to-T base exchange polymorphism in exon 5 at +4845 of the gene encoding IL-1alpha (IL1A) and the C-to-T base exchange polymorphism at -511 of the gene encoding IL-1beta (IL1B) in a population-based sample of adult asthma patients (n = 245). The data were assessed for correlation with data on history of NP and other phenotype-related characteristics.', 'The prevalence of NP in our study group was 14.3%. The distribution of the IL1A genotype differed significantly between asthmatics with and without NP (P = 0.005). The risk of NP was markedly increased in allele G homozygous subjects (OR = 2.73; 95%CI = 1.40-5.32). In the case of IL1B we found no significant associations. Asthmatics with NP had more symptoms than others, but lung function and blood eosinophil counts were similar.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthma', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,158 | Does low paraoxonase activity predict coronary events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypothesis that paraoxonase (PON1) has a role in preventing atherosclerosis is based on experimental, transgenic, and case-control studies but has not previously been tested prospectively.",
"The Caerphilly Prospective Study is a cohort study of men aged 49 to 65 years observed for coronary heart disease (CHD) events (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction) over a mean period of 15 years. Serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon was measured in 1353 participants. PON1 activity was 20% lower in the 163 men who had a coronary event (P=0.039). Men in the highest quintile of PON1 activity had a decreased risk compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.96]). The inverse relationship between quintiles of serum PON1 activity and CHD risk was graded, the median change in OR across each quintile being 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98). After adjustment for all other CHD risk factors, including HDL cholesterol, this median value became 0.90 (0.78 to 1.02). PON1 was most predictive of a new CHD event in patients at highest risk by virtue of preexisting CHD (adjusted median OR for each quintile, 0.74 [0.59 to 0.93]; n=313) or the presence of other risk factors. For the highest tertile of CHD risk (n=390) calculated by the Framingham equation, adjusted median OR for each quintile was 0.84 (0.66 to 1.05); n=390."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aryldialkylphosphatase",
"Clusterin",
"Cohort Studies",
"Coronary Disease",
"Esterases",
"Glycoproteins",
"Humans",
"Likelihood Functions",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Chaperones",
"Odds Ratio",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Low serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon is an independent risk factor for coronary events in men at high risk because of preexisting disease or other CHD risk factors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low paraoxonase activity predict coronary events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The hypothesis that paraoxonase (PON1) has a role in preventing atherosclerosis is based on experimental, transgenic, and case-control studies but has not previously been tested prospectively.', 'The Caerphilly Prospective Study is a cohort study of men aged 49 to 65 years observed for coronary heart disease (CHD) events (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction) over a mean period of 15 years. Serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon was measured in 1353 participants. PON1 activity was 20% lower in the 163 men who had a coronary event (P=0.039). Men in the highest quintile of PON1 activity had a decreased risk compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.96]). The inverse relationship between quintiles of serum PON1 activity and CHD risk was graded, the median change in OR across each quintile being 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98). After adjustment for all other CHD risk factors, including HDL cholesterol, this median value became 0.90 (0.78 to 1.02). PON1 was most predictive of a new CHD event in patients at highest risk by virtue of preexisting CHD (adjusted median OR for each quintile, 0.74 [0.59 to 0.93]; n=313) or the presence of other risk factors. For the highest tertile of CHD risk (n=390) calculated by the Framingham equation, adjusted median OR for each quintile was 0.84 (0.66 to 1.05); n=390.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Clusterin', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Disease', 'Esterases', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Odds Ratio', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,156 | Is microvascular filtration increased in postural tachycardia syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to defective peripheral vasoconstriction of dependent extremities with redistributive hypovolemia.",
"To test whether enhanced microvascular filtration produces leg enlargement, we studied 12 patients 13 to 19 years of age with POTS and defective leg vasoconstriction and 13 age-matched healthy control subjects, with strain-gauge plethysmography used to measure venous pressure (Pv), forearm and calf blood flow, vascular capacitance, and the microvascular filtration coefficient (Kf). Measurements were made while the patient was supine and at steady state during upright tilt to 35 degrees. Supine Pv was not different in POTS, but upright leg Pv tended to be increased above control. Arm and leg peripheral arterial resistance was decreased in the supine and upright positions in patients with POTS compared with control subjects (P=0.01, upright legs). Supine Kf was not significantly increased in the forearm in patients with POTS but was increased in the calf (9.3+/-2.2 versus 5.7+/-2.4 [10(-3)] mL/100 mL per minute per mm Hg, P=0.04), correlating with calf blood flow (rs=0.84, P=0.002). Kf was invariant with orthostasis. The hydraulic contribution to upright filtered flow at 35 degrees tilt, the product of Kf and Pv, was approximately twice that of control (0.41+/-0.09 versus 0.19+/-0.04 mL/100 mL per minute, P=0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Arm",
"Arteries",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Chronic Disease",
"Female",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Leg",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Plethysmography",
"Posture",
"Reference Values",
"Syndrome",
"Tachycardia",
"Tilt-Table Test",
"Vasoconstriction"
]
} | Increased microvascular filtration accounts for enhanced leg swelling in patients with POTS with increased arterial blood flow. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is microvascular filtration increased in postural tachycardia syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to defective peripheral vasoconstriction of dependent extremities with redistributive hypovolemia.', 'To test whether enhanced microvascular filtration produces leg enlargement, we studied 12 patients 13 to 19 years of age with POTS and defective leg vasoconstriction and 13 age-matched healthy control subjects, with strain-gauge plethysmography used to measure venous pressure (Pv), forearm and calf blood flow, vascular capacitance, and the microvascular filtration coefficient (Kf). Measurements were made while the patient was supine and at steady state during upright tilt to 35 degrees. Supine Pv was not different in POTS, but upright leg Pv tended to be increased above control. Arm and leg peripheral arterial resistance was decreased in the supine and upright positions in patients with POTS compared with control subjects (P=0.01, upright legs). Supine Kf was not significantly increased in the forearm in patients with POTS but was increased in the calf (9.3+/-2.2 versus 5.7+/-2.4 [10(-3)] mL/100 mL per minute per mm Hg, P=0.04), correlating with calf blood flow (rs=0.84, P=0.002). Kf was invariant with orthostasis. The hydraulic contribution to upright filtered flow at 35 degrees tilt, the product of Kf and Pv, was approximately twice that of control (0.41+/-0.09 versus 0.19+/-0.04 mL/100 mL per minute, P=0.04).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arm', 'Arteries', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Plethysmography', 'Posture', 'Reference Values', 'Syndrome', 'Tachycardia', 'Tilt-Table Test', 'Vasoconstriction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,283 | Does embryonic parathyroid rest occur commonly and have implications in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrence after surgery for secondary hyperparathyroidism is not infrequent. Regrowth of the residual parathyroid tissue after subtotal parathyroidectomy or of the autograft after total parathyroidectomy occurs in many cases. Supernumerary glands are also frequently cited as the offending cause and upon revisiting the neck, the surgeon may be surprised that such an obvious gland was 'missed' at the first operation. Indeed, multiple glands removed in sequential operations have been reported suggesting that they develop over time rather than being present from the start. It is possible that microscopic parathyroid 'rests' of embryological origin proliferate under the ongoing stimulus of renal failure to produce supernumerary glands after apparently adequate initial surgery for hyperparathyroidism. The aim of the present study was to determine whether such rests occur frequently or infrequently.",
"Operative details and pathology results from 60 consecutive parathyroidectomies were reviewed and the occurrence of parathyroid rests noted.",
"Parathyroid rests were found in 37% of extra parathyroidal tissues submitted for analysis. These rests were found commonly in the thymus. The potential significance of such parathyroid rests undergoing hyperplasia in response to the ongoing stimulus of renal failure and leading to recurrent hyperparathyroidism is discussed."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Parathyroidectomy",
"Recurrence",
"Renal Insufficiency",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Thymectomy",
"Thymus Gland"
]
} | Parathyroid rests are common and potentially serve as a cause of recurrent disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Consideration should be given to performing thymectomy as part of the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A more detailed study is warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does embryonic parathyroid rest occur commonly and have implications in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Recurrence after surgery for secondary hyperparathyroidism is not infrequent. Regrowth of the residual parathyroid tissue after subtotal parathyroidectomy or of the autograft after total parathyroidectomy occurs in many cases. Supernumerary glands are also frequently cited as the offending cause and upon revisiting the neck, the surgeon may be surprised that such an obvious gland was 'missed' at the first operation. Indeed, multiple glands removed in sequential operations have been reported suggesting that they develop over time rather than being present from the start. It is possible that microscopic parathyroid 'rests' of embryological origin proliferate under the ongoing stimulus of renal failure to produce supernumerary glands after apparently adequate initial surgery for hyperparathyroidism. The aim of the present study was to determine whether such rests occur frequently or infrequently.\", 'Operative details and pathology results from 60 consecutive parathyroidectomies were reviewed and the occurrence of parathyroid rests noted.', 'Parathyroid rests were found in 37% of extra parathyroidal tissues submitted for analysis. These rests were found commonly in the thymus. The potential significance of such parathyroid rests undergoing hyperplasia in response to the ongoing stimulus of renal failure and leading to recurrent hyperparathyroidism is discussed.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroidectomy', 'Recurrence', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thymectomy', 'Thymus Gland']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,067 | Does heparin reduce glomerular infiltration and TGF-beta protein expression by macrophages in puromycin glomerulosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In a number of experimental models of nephropathy, heparin is renoprotective because it inhibits mesangial matrix synthesis and cell proliferation; in most of these models, glomerular macrophage infiltration has a pathogenic role. We investigated the hypothesis that heparin might also be renoprotective by modulating the macrophages in various ways in the chronic puromycin glomerulosclerosis model.",
"We studied the effect of a 3 month course, two different dosages of a non-anticoagulant heparin by immunohistochemical evaluation of the number of macrophages (ED-1 positive cells) in glomeruli, as well as the expression and deposition of TGF-beta and latent TGF-beta binding protein in foam cells and mesangial matrix.",
"The renoprotective effect of heparin in this model was confirmed by our observation of lower urine protein and albumin excretion, and a reduced glomerular sclerosis score. These effects were associated with the prevention of macrophage glomerular infiltration, and the inhibition of the TGF-beta axes in foam cells as shown by the reduction in cytoplasm immunostaining for TGF-beta and LTBP-1; heparin also reduced peri-macrophagic collagen IV deposition."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental",
"Heparin",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Probability",
"Puromycin",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta"
]
} | The inhibition of TGF-beta in macrophages seems to be part of heparin general activities. The inhibitory effect of heparin on macrophage infiltration and TGF-beta synthesis in this renal disease model supports the notion that heparin and derived molecules constitute potentially useful therapeutic agents in nephropathies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does heparin reduce glomerular infiltration and TGF-beta protein expression by macrophages in puromycin glomerulosclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In a number of experimental models of nephropathy, heparin is renoprotective because it inhibits mesangial matrix synthesis and cell proliferation; in most of these models, glomerular macrophage infiltration has a pathogenic role. We investigated the hypothesis that heparin might also be renoprotective by modulating the macrophages in various ways in the chronic puromycin glomerulosclerosis model.', 'We studied the effect of a 3 month course, two different dosages of a non-anticoagulant heparin by immunohistochemical evaluation of the number of macrophages (ED-1 positive cells) in glomeruli, as well as the expression and deposition of TGF-beta and latent TGF-beta binding protein in foam cells and mesangial matrix.', 'The renoprotective effect of heparin in this model was confirmed by our observation of lower urine protein and albumin excretion, and a reduced glomerular sclerosis score. These effects were associated with the prevention of macrophage glomerular infiltration, and the inhibition of the TGF-beta axes in foam cells as shown by the reduction in cytoplasm immunostaining for TGF-beta and LTBP-1; heparin also reduced peri-macrophagic collagen IV deposition.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental', 'Heparin', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Probability', 'Puromycin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,899 | Do oxygen debt criteria quantify the effectiveness of early partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"The effectiveness of partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock with deferment of full resuscitation is critical to successful hypotensive resuscitation.",
"To quantitatively address this issue, 40 canines were bled under anesthesia to a mean oxygen debt (O(2)D) of 104 +/- 7.6 mL/kg over 60 minutes (mortality, 40%). Animals surviving the shock were then immediately resuscitated with 0%, 8.4%, 15%, 30%, or 120% (full resuscitation) of shed volume as 5% albumin and held for 2 hours postshock, when the remaining portion of full resuscitation volume was given. Animals were followed for 7 days postshock with hepatic and renal function studies, and then, under anesthesia, cardiac output and organ biopsy specimens were taken before the animals were killed.",
"By 2 hours postshock, 0% immediate resuscitation had an O(2)D increase of 80 mL/kg above end of shock, but O(2)D at 8.4% immediate resuscitation decreased -30 mL/kg, 15% immediate resuscitation fell -65 mL/kg, 30% immediate resuscitation decreased -80 mL/kg below end of shock, and O(2)D with 120% full resuscitation fell to preshock levels. All decreases in O(2)D were significantly (p < 0.05) below end of shock, but both 15% and 30% immediate resuscitation exceeded the 8.4% immediate resuscitation rate (p < 0.05) throughout the resuscitation, and 120% full resuscitation exceeded these (p < 0.05). The immediate resuscitation O(2)D response correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with base deficit and lactate, but blood pressure was not a significant discriminator. Seven-day biopsies showed return of bowel mucosa but a pattern of cellular injury in heart, liver, and kidney that improved from 8.4% < 15% < 30 < 120% immediate resuscitation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Albumins",
"Animals",
"Blood Volume",
"Carbon Monoxide",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dogs",
"Fluid Therapy",
"Kidney",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Oxygen",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Resuscitation",
"Shock, Hemorrhagic"
]
} | The data suggest that, compared with 120% postshock immediate resuscitation, 8.4% and 15% immediate resuscitation give poorer results, with 30% immediate resuscitation showing mild, transient, but acceptable changes in organ function allowing for a 2-hour delay until full resuscitation, with complete 7-day recovery. Base deficit and lactate, but not blood pressure, are significant indices of O(2)D. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do oxygen debt criteria quantify the effectiveness of early partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effectiveness of partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock with deferment of full resuscitation is critical to successful hypotensive resuscitation.', 'To quantitatively address this issue, 40 canines were bled under anesthesia to a mean oxygen debt (O(2)D) of 104 +/- 7.6 mL/kg over 60 minutes (mortality, 40%). Animals surviving the shock were then immediately resuscitated with 0%, 8.4%, 15%, 30%, or 120% (full resuscitation) of shed volume as 5% albumin and held for 2 hours postshock, when the remaining portion of full resuscitation volume was given. Animals were followed for 7 days postshock with hepatic and renal function studies, and then, under anesthesia, cardiac output and organ biopsy specimens were taken before the animals were killed.', 'By 2 hours postshock, 0% immediate resuscitation had an O(2)D increase of 80 mL/kg above end of shock, but O(2)D at 8.4% immediate resuscitation decreased -30 mL/kg, 15% immediate resuscitation fell -65 mL/kg, 30% immediate resuscitation decreased -80 mL/kg below end of shock, and O(2)D with 120% full resuscitation fell to preshock levels. All decreases in O(2)D were significantly (p < 0.05) below end of shock, but both 15% and 30% immediate resuscitation exceeded the 8.4% immediate resuscitation rate (p < 0.05) throughout the resuscitation, and 120% full resuscitation exceeded these (p < 0.05). The immediate resuscitation O(2)D response correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with base deficit and lactate, but blood pressure was not a significant discriminator. Seven-day biopsies showed return of bowel mucosa but a pattern of cellular injury in heart, liver, and kidney that improved from 8.4% < 15% < 30 < 120% immediate resuscitation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Albumins', 'Animals', 'Blood Volume', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Resuscitation', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,780,929 | Does health related quality of life in Crohn 's proctocolitis differ from a general population when in remission? | {
"contexts": [
"All treatment in Crohn's disease, although palliative, aims at restoring full health. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life and psychosocial conditions in patients with Crohn's proctocolitis with a general population.",
"One hundred and twenty-seven patients with Crohn's proctocolitis (median age 44 years, 44.1% men) were compared with 266 controls (median age 45 years, 50.7% men). A questionnaire consisting of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluating general health as well as questions regarding psychosocial conditions was used. Disease activity was evaluated by Best's modification of the classical Crohn's Disease Activity Index.",
"Patients in remission had a health related quality of life similar to controls according to the SF-36 apart from general health where scores were lower (P < 0.01). Patients with active disease scored lower in all aspects of the SF-36 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.0001) as well as the PGWB (P < 0.0001). In a model for multiple regression including age, gender, concomitant small bowel disease, permanent stoma, previous colonic surgery, disease activity, duration, and aggressiveness, disease activity was the only variable negatively predicting all 8 domains of the SF-36 in the patient group (P < 0.001). The mean annual sick-leave for patients and controls were 33.9 and 9.5 days (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the patients and 78.4% of the controls (P = 0.04) were married or cohabited, 67.7% and 78.0% (P = 0.04), respectively, had children."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Crohn Disease",
"Female",
"Health Status",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Proctocolitis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quality of Life",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | The health related quality of life for patients with Crohn's proctocolitis in remission does not differ from the general population. The disease has, however, a negative impact on parenthood, family life and professional performance. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does health related quality of life in Crohn 's proctocolitis differ from a general population when in remission?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"All treatment in Crohn's disease, although palliative, aims at restoring full health. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life and psychosocial conditions in patients with Crohn's proctocolitis with a general population.\", \"One hundred and twenty-seven patients with Crohn's proctocolitis (median age 44 years, 44.1% men) were compared with 266 controls (median age 45 years, 50.7% men). A questionnaire consisting of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluating general health as well as questions regarding psychosocial conditions was used. Disease activity was evaluated by Best's modification of the classical Crohn's Disease Activity Index.\", 'Patients in remission had a health related quality of life similar to controls according to the SF-36 apart from general health where scores were lower (P < 0.01). Patients with active disease scored lower in all aspects of the SF-36 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.0001) as well as the PGWB (P < 0.0001). In a model for multiple regression including age, gender, concomitant small bowel disease, permanent stoma, previous colonic surgery, disease activity, duration, and aggressiveness, disease activity was the only variable negatively predicting all 8 domains of the SF-36 in the patient group (P < 0.001). The mean annual sick-leave for patients and controls were 33.9 and 9.5 days (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the patients and 78.4% of the controls (P = 0.04) were married or cohabited, 67.7% and 78.0% (P = 0.04), respectively, had children.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Crohn Disease', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Proctocolitis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,781,128 | Does the ubiquitin proteasome system acutely regulate presynaptic protein turnover and synaptic efficacy? | {
"contexts": [
"The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) mediates regulated protein degradation and provides a mechanism for closely controlling protein abundance in spatially restricted domains within cells. We hypothesized that the UPS may acutely determine the local concentration of key regulatory proteins at neuronal synapses as a means for locally modulating synaptic efficacy and the strength of neurotransmission communication.",
"We investigated this hypothesis at the Drosophila neuromuscular synapse by using an array of genetic and pharmacological tools. This study demonstrates that UPS components are present in presynaptic boutons and that the UPS functions locally in the presynaptic compartment to rapidly eliminate a conditional transgenic reporter of proteasome activity. We assayed a panel of synaptic proteins to determine whether the UPS acutely regulates the local abundance of native synaptic targets. Both acute pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome (<1 hr) and targeted genetic perturbation of proteasome function in the presynaptic neuron cause the specific accumulation of the essential synaptic vesicle-priming protein DUNC-13. Most importantly, acute pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome (<1 hr) causes a rapid strengthening of neurotransmission (an approximately 50% increase in evoked amplitude) because of increased presynaptic efficacy. The proteasome-dependent regulation of presynaptic protein abundance, both of the exogenous reporter and native DUNC-13, and the modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release occur on an intermediate, rapid (tens of minutes) timescale."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Genetically Modified",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"DNA Primers",
"Drosophila",
"Electrophysiology",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Larva",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Multienzyme Complexes",
"Neurotransmitter Agents",
"Presynaptic Terminals",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Synapses",
"Ubiquitin"
]
} | Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the UPS functions locally within synaptic boutons to acutely control levels of presynaptic protein and that the rate of UPS-dependent protein degradation is a primary determinant of neurotransmission strength. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the ubiquitin proteasome system acutely regulate presynaptic protein turnover and synaptic efficacy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) mediates regulated protein degradation and provides a mechanism for closely controlling protein abundance in spatially restricted domains within cells. We hypothesized that the UPS may acutely determine the local concentration of key regulatory proteins at neuronal synapses as a means for locally modulating synaptic efficacy and the strength of neurotransmission communication.', 'We investigated this hypothesis at the Drosophila neuromuscular synapse by using an array of genetic and pharmacological tools. This study demonstrates that UPS components are present in presynaptic boutons and that the UPS functions locally in the presynaptic compartment to rapidly eliminate a conditional transgenic reporter of proteasome activity. We assayed a panel of synaptic proteins to determine whether the UPS acutely regulates the local abundance of native synaptic targets. Both acute pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome (<1 hr) and targeted genetic perturbation of proteasome function in the presynaptic neuron cause the specific accumulation of the essential synaptic vesicle-priming protein DUNC-13. Most importantly, acute pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome (<1 hr) causes a rapid strengthening of neurotransmission (an approximately 50% increase in evoked amplitude) because of increased presynaptic efficacy. The proteasome-dependent regulation of presynaptic protein abundance, both of the exogenous reporter and native DUNC-13, and the modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release occur on an intermediate, rapid (tens of minutes) timescale.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'DNA Primers', 'Drosophila', 'Electrophysiology', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Larva', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Synapses', 'Ubiquitin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,127 | Does the ubiquitin proteasome system function as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening? | {
"contexts": [
"Long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity have been shown to depend on changes in gene expression. Although many studies have focused on the regulation of transcription and translation during learning-related synaptic plasticity, regulated protein degradation provides another common means of altering the macromolecular composition of cells.",
"We have investigated the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in long-lasting forms of learning-related plasticity in Aplysia sensory-motor synapses. We find that inhibition of the proteasome produces a long-lasting (24 hr) increase in synaptic strength between sensory and motor neurons and that it dramatically enhances serotonin-induced long-term facilitation. The increase in synaptic strength produced by proteasome inhibitors is dependent on translation but not transcription. In addition to the increase in synaptic strength, proteasome inhibition leads to an increase in the number of synaptic contacts formed between the sensory and motor neurons. Blockade of the proteasome in isolated postsynaptic motor neurons produces an increase in the glutamate-evoked postsynaptic potential, and blockade of the proteasome in the isolated presynaptic sensory cells produces increases in neurite length and branching."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Aplysia",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"Electrophysiology",
"Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials",
"Microinjections",
"Multienzyme Complexes",
"Neurons",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Synapses",
"Ubiquitin"
]
} | We conclude that both pre- and postsynaptic substrates of the ubiquitin proteasome function constitutively to regulate synaptic strength and growth and that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway functions in mature neurons as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the ubiquitin proteasome system function as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity have been shown to depend on changes in gene expression. Although many studies have focused on the regulation of transcription and translation during learning-related synaptic plasticity, regulated protein degradation provides another common means of altering the macromolecular composition of cells.', 'We have investigated the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in long-lasting forms of learning-related plasticity in Aplysia sensory-motor synapses. We find that inhibition of the proteasome produces a long-lasting (24 hr) increase in synaptic strength between sensory and motor neurons and that it dramatically enhances serotonin-induced long-term facilitation. The increase in synaptic strength produced by proteasome inhibitors is dependent on translation but not transcription. In addition to the increase in synaptic strength, proteasome inhibition leads to an increase in the number of synaptic contacts formed between the sensory and motor neurons. Blockade of the proteasome in isolated postsynaptic motor neurons produces an increase in the glutamate-evoked postsynaptic potential, and blockade of the proteasome in the isolated presynaptic sensory cells produces increases in neurite length and branching.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Aplysia', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Electrophysiology', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Microinjections', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Neurons', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Synapses', 'Ubiquitin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,840 | Is rescue therapy with tacrolimus effective in patients with severe and refractory inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Oral tacrolimus, approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in liver or kidney transplants, has been reported to be effective in anecdotal cases of refractory inflammatory bowel disease.",
"To evaluate the usefulness of low-dose oral tacrolimus in refractory inflammatory bowel disease.",
"Thirty-one adult Caucasian patients with steroid-dependent (n = 15) or steroid-refractory (n = 16) inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, n = 6; ulcerative colitis, n = 23; pouchitis, n = 2) were enrolled. Tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg body weight per day) was administered orally in 30 patients and initially intravenously in one patient (0.01 mg/kg body weight per day), aiming for serum trough levels of 4-6 ng/mL. The median treatment duration was 12 months (range, 1-137 months).",
"Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) experienced a clinical and laboratory response and 20 (64.5%) went into remission. One ulcerative colitis patient and two Crohn's disease patients did not improve. Three ulcerative colitis patients (9.7%) were colectomized at 1, 12 and 24 months after tacrolimus initiation. In 19 of 23 patients (82.6%) taking steroids, steroids were reduced or discontinued. Side-effects included a temporary rise of creatinine (n = 3, 9.7%), tremor or paraesthesias (n = 3, 9.7%), hyperkalaemia (n = 1, 3.2%), hypertension (n = 1, 3.2%) and an opportunistic infection (n = 1, 3.2%)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Steroids",
"Tacrolimus",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Oral tacrolimus is safe and effective in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is rescue therapy with tacrolimus effective in patients with severe and refractory inflammatory bowel disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oral tacrolimus, approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in liver or kidney transplants, has been reported to be effective in anecdotal cases of refractory inflammatory bowel disease.', 'To evaluate the usefulness of low-dose oral tacrolimus in refractory inflammatory bowel disease.', \"Thirty-one adult Caucasian patients with steroid-dependent (n = 15) or steroid-refractory (n = 16) inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, n = 6; ulcerative colitis, n = 23; pouchitis, n = 2) were enrolled. Tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg body weight per day) was administered orally in 30 patients and initially intravenously in one patient (0.01 mg/kg body weight per day), aiming for serum trough levels of 4-6 ng/mL. The median treatment duration was 12 months (range, 1-137 months).\", \"Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) experienced a clinical and laboratory response and 20 (64.5%) went into remission. One ulcerative colitis patient and two Crohn's disease patients did not improve. Three ulcerative colitis patients (9.7%) were colectomized at 1, 12 and 24 months after tacrolimus initiation. In 19 of 23 patients (82.6%) taking steroids, steroids were reduced or discontinued. Side-effects included a temporary rise of creatinine (n = 3, 9.7%), tremor or paraesthesias (n = 3, 9.7%), hyperkalaemia (n = 1, 3.2%), hypertension (n = 1, 3.2%) and an opportunistic infection (n = 1, 3.2%).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Steroids', 'Tacrolimus', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,985 | Does intestinal transformation result in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent alteration in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions? | {
"contexts": [
"An alteration in the expression of and response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) appears to be an important event during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the precise role of TGF-beta 1 in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. We have previously described in detail the changes in cell proliferation and differentiation caused by chronic exposure to TGF-beta 1. In this study we sought to better characterize the changes in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions seen during TGF-beta 1-mediated intestinal transformation.",
"Rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE) and RIE cells transformed by chronic exposure to TGF-beta 1 (RIE-Tr) were treated with TGF-beta 1 and production of components of the plasmin/plasminogen system measured by ELISA and Western blotting. TGF-beta 1 effects on invasion and adhesion were determined in vitro. The role of urokinase on TGF-beta 1-mediated invasion and adhesion were determined using immunoneutralization. The role of COX-2 was determined using a specific COS-2 inhibitor.",
"TGF-beta 1 had no effect on RIE-1 adhesion to collagen types I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin, or invasion through collagen types I and IV. However, 5 ng/mL TGF-beta 1 significantly increased the invasiveness and decreased the adhesiveness of RIE-Tr. This effect of TGF-beta 1 on RIE-Tr was associated with a significant increase in plasmin activity secondary to increased expression of uPA. TGF-beta 1 had no effect on either uPA receptor or PAI-1 in this system. Antibodies to uPA completely blocked the TGF-beta 1-mediated invasiveness of the RIE-Tr cells and returned their adhesiveness to basement membrane proteins to baseline. Addition of the selective Cox-2 inhibitor SC-58125 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in TGF-beta 1-mediated invasion and uPA expression."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Line, Transformed",
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors",
"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Extracellular Matrix",
"Fibrinolysin",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Isoenzymes",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases",
"Pyrazoles",
"Rats",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1",
"Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator"
]
} | This study provides additional evidence for TGF-beta 1 as a tumor promoter during intestinal carcinogenesis and a possible new mechanism for Cox-2-related colon carcinogenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intestinal transformation result in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent alteration in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An alteration in the expression of and response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) appears to be an important event during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the precise role of TGF-beta 1 in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. We have previously described in detail the changes in cell proliferation and differentiation caused by chronic exposure to TGF-beta 1. In this study we sought to better characterize the changes in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions seen during TGF-beta 1-mediated intestinal transformation.', 'Rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE) and RIE cells transformed by chronic exposure to TGF-beta 1 (RIE-Tr) were treated with TGF-beta 1 and production of components of the plasmin/plasminogen system measured by ELISA and Western blotting. TGF-beta 1 effects on invasion and adhesion were determined in vitro. The role of urokinase on TGF-beta 1-mediated invasion and adhesion were determined using immunoneutralization. The role of COX-2 was determined using a specific COS-2 inhibitor.', 'TGF-beta 1 had no effect on RIE-1 adhesion to collagen types I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin, or invasion through collagen types I and IV. However, 5 ng/mL TGF-beta 1 significantly increased the invasiveness and decreased the adhesiveness of RIE-Tr. This effect of TGF-beta 1 on RIE-Tr was associated with a significant increase in plasmin activity secondary to increased expression of uPA. TGF-beta 1 had no effect on either uPA receptor or PAI-1 in this system. Antibodies to uPA completely blocked the TGF-beta 1-mediated invasiveness of the RIE-Tr cells and returned their adhesiveness to basement membrane proteins to baseline. Addition of the selective Cox-2 inhibitor SC-58125 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in TGF-beta 1-mediated invasion and uPA expression.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibrinolysin', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Isoenzymes', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rats', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,982 | Does relative hyperoxia augment lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine secretion by murine macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators are seen after open abdominal operations. Macrophages that are exposed to lipopolysaccharide secrete cytokines. Peritoneal macrophages normally reside in a pO(2) of 40 mm Hg. We hypothesize that exposure of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages to \"non-physiologic\" pO(2) augments cytokine secretion.",
"Murine macrophages were preconditioned to a pO(2) of 40 mm Hg for 24 hours. The medium then was discarded and exchanged for a medium containing a pO(2) of 40, 150, or 440 mm Hg. Macrophages were incubated in the desired pO(2) for 6 and 24 hours while stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (0 to 100 ng/mL). The effect of pO(2) was compared. Supernatant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistics were performed with analysis of variance.",
"We found dose-dependent lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF and interleukin-6 production with macrophages incubated at physiologic pO(2). Higher pO(2) did not stimulate TNF and interleukin-6 in the absence of lipopolysaccharide. However, a pO(2) of 150 and 440 mm Hg significantly (P <.05) increased lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF and interleukin-6 production versus 45 mm Hg."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Culture Media",
"Cytokines",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Hyperoxia",
"Interleukin-6",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Macrophages, Peritoneal",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Oxygen",
"Partial Pressure",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Our data suggest synergy between increased pO(2) and lipopolysaccharide for macrophage TNF and interleukin-6 production. Similar pO(2) elevations may occur with an open peritoneum or high supplemental O(2). Cytokines from peritoneal macrophages may contribute to the increased systemic inflammation after open operations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does relative hyperoxia augment lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine secretion by murine macrophages?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators are seen after open abdominal operations. Macrophages that are exposed to lipopolysaccharide secrete cytokines. Peritoneal macrophages normally reside in a pO(2) of 40 mm Hg. We hypothesize that exposure of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages to \"non-physiologic\" pO(2) augments cytokine secretion.', 'Murine macrophages were preconditioned to a pO(2) of 40 mm Hg for 24 hours. The medium then was discarded and exchanged for a medium containing a pO(2) of 40, 150, or 440 mm Hg. Macrophages were incubated in the desired pO(2) for 6 and 24 hours while stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (0 to 100 ng/mL). The effect of pO(2) was compared. Supernatant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistics were performed with analysis of variance.', 'We found dose-dependent lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF and interleukin-6 production with macrophages incubated at physiologic pO(2). Higher pO(2) did not stimulate TNF and interleukin-6 in the absence of lipopolysaccharide. However, a pO(2) of 150 and 440 mm Hg significantly (P <.05) increased lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF and interleukin-6 production versus 45 mm Hg.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hyperoxia', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oxygen', 'Partial Pressure', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,548 | Does theophylline attenuate the adhesion of eosinophils to endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Bronchial asthma is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells into the airways. Binding to adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells is an initial step of eosinophil accumulation in the airways of asthmatic patients. Theophylline has been widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma mainly due to its bronchodilating effect. It has recently been suggested that theophylline induces modulating effects on the survival or functional status of eosinophils. The objective of this study was to determine whether theophylline modifies the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells.",
"Eosinophils were isolated from blood of patients with mild asthma. The effects of theophylline on eosinophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or recombinant adhesion proteins were evaluated. The effect of theophylline on the expression of adhesion molecules on HUVEC was also examined.",
"Theophylline significantly inhibited the eosinophil adhesion induced by formyl-methionyl-leucil-phenylalanine (FMLP) or interleukine-5 (IL-5) at a concentration within the therapeutic range. The effect of theophylline on eosinophil adhesion was mimicked by rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and N6,2'-O-dibutyladenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (Db-cAMP; cAMP analogue). Finally, theophylline inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on HUVEC stimulated with IL-4 plus TNF-alpha."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Bronchodilator Agents",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cyclic AMP",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Eosinophils",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1",
"Interleukin-4",
"Interleukin-5",
"Male",
"N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine",
"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors",
"Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases",
"Rolipram",
"Theophylline",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Umbilical Veins",
"Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1"
]
} | Theophylline showed inhibitory effects on both the adhesive property of eosinophils and the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, thus suggesting that theophylline attenuates the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does theophylline attenuate the adhesion of eosinophils to endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Bronchial asthma is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells into the airways. Binding to adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells is an initial step of eosinophil accumulation in the airways of asthmatic patients. Theophylline has been widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma mainly due to its bronchodilating effect. It has recently been suggested that theophylline induces modulating effects on the survival or functional status of eosinophils. The objective of this study was to determine whether theophylline modifies the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells.', 'Eosinophils were isolated from blood of patients with mild asthma. The effects of theophylline on eosinophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or recombinant adhesion proteins were evaluated. The effect of theophylline on the expression of adhesion molecules on HUVEC was also examined.', \"Theophylline significantly inhibited the eosinophil adhesion induced by formyl-methionyl-leucil-phenylalanine (FMLP) or interleukine-5 (IL-5) at a concentration within the therapeutic range. The effect of theophylline on eosinophil adhesion was mimicked by rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and N6,2'-O-dibutyladenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (Db-cAMP; cAMP analogue). Finally, theophylline inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on HUVEC stimulated with IL-4 plus TNF-alpha.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-5', 'Male', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Rolipram', 'Theophylline', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Umbilical Veins', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,545 | Does interaction with monocytes enhance IL-5 gene transcription in peripheral T cells of asthmatic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The regulatory mechanisms of IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells are unclear because the transfection efficiency of plasmid constructs into nontransformed T cells is very low.",
"Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated blastocytes derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of asthmatic subjects were transiently transfected with the human IL-5 gene promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct, pIL-5 (-511)Luc, and cultured with THP-1 cells (human monocytoid cells) and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). IL-5 level in the culture medium was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptional activity of the IL-5 gene was measured by luciferase reporter analysis.",
"ConA-blast lymphocytes of asthmatic patients produced a significant amount of IL-5 upon combined stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb and THP-1 cells, but not with anti-CD3 mAb alone. Costimulation with anti-CD28 mAb also enhanced the anti-CD3 mAb- induced IL-5 production. Accordingly, luciferase activity induced by anti-CD3 mAb stimulation in pIL-5(-511)Luc-transfected ConA-blast lymphocytes was increased 1.9- and 3.4-fold by the addition of anti-CD28 mAb and THP-1 cells, respectively. Serial 5' deletion analysis of the reporter gene demonstrated that the cis-regulatory element located at -119 to -80 is critical for anti-CD3 mAb-induced IL-5 gene transcription."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Asthma",
"Cell Adhesion Molecules",
"Concanavalin A",
"Down-Regulation",
"Gene Deletion",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-5",
"Middle Aged",
"Monocytes",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell",
"Stimulation, Chemical",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | Our present findings provide a useful model reflecting IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells in vivo, and clearly demonstrate that an interaction with monocytes enhances IL-5 gene transcription. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interaction with monocytes enhance IL-5 gene transcription in peripheral T cells of asthmatic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The regulatory mechanisms of IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells are unclear because the transfection efficiency of plasmid constructs into nontransformed T cells is very low.', 'Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated blastocytes derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of asthmatic subjects were transiently transfected with the human IL-5 gene promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct, pIL-5 (-511)Luc, and cultured with THP-1 cells (human monocytoid cells) and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). IL-5 level in the culture medium was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptional activity of the IL-5 gene was measured by luciferase reporter analysis.', \"ConA-blast lymphocytes of asthmatic patients produced a significant amount of IL-5 upon combined stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb and THP-1 cells, but not with anti-CD3 mAb alone. Costimulation with anti-CD28 mAb also enhanced the anti-CD3 mAb- induced IL-5 production. Accordingly, luciferase activity induced by anti-CD3 mAb stimulation in pIL-5(-511)Luc-transfected ConA-blast lymphocytes was increased 1.9- and 3.4-fold by the addition of anti-CD28 mAb and THP-1 cells, respectively. Serial 5' deletion analysis of the reporter gene demonstrated that the cis-regulatory element located at -119 to -80 is critical for anti-CD3 mAb-induced IL-5 gene transcription.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Asthma', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Concanavalin A', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-5', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,544 | Are distinct isoforms of protein kinase C involved in human eosinophil functions induced by platelet-activating factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent stimulator of eosinophils. Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression and cellular adhesion, but inhibited superoxide generation and degranulation in PAF-stimulated human eosinophils. These results suggested that distinct PKC isoforms were likely to be involved in each eosinophil function induced by PAF. We have therefore investigated whether or not the PKC isoforms involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression and superoxide generation were different.",
"Human eosinophils prepared from healthy volunteers were treated with PKC inhibitors, bis-indolylmaleimide I (BisI; a general PKC inhibitor), myristoylated PKC inhibitor peptide (myr-psiPKC; a PKCalpha, beta and delta inhibitor) and rottlerin (a PKCdelta inhibitor), followed by stimulation with PAF. CD11b expression was determined using flow cytometry and superoxide generation was evaluated using a cytochrome c reduction assay.",
"BisI treatment led to enhancement of PAF-induced CD11b expression, while myr-psiPKC and rottlerin did not. In contrast, PAF-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by treatment with BisI, myr-psiPKC and rottlerin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetophenones",
"Benzopyrans",
"CD11b Antigen",
"CD18 Antigens",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Eosinophils",
"Humans",
"Integrins",
"Isoenzymes",
"Platelet Activating Factor",
"Protein Kinase C",
"Reference Values",
"Superoxides",
"Time Factors",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | PKCalpha, beta and delta are not involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression, but PKCdelta is involved in the PAF-induced activation of superoxide anion generation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are distinct isoforms of protein kinase C involved in human eosinophil functions induced by platelet-activating factor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent stimulator of eosinophils. Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression and cellular adhesion, but inhibited superoxide generation and degranulation in PAF-stimulated human eosinophils. These results suggested that distinct PKC isoforms were likely to be involved in each eosinophil function induced by PAF. We have therefore investigated whether or not the PKC isoforms involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression and superoxide generation were different.', 'Human eosinophils prepared from healthy volunteers were treated with PKC inhibitors, bis-indolylmaleimide I (BisI; a general PKC inhibitor), myristoylated PKC inhibitor peptide (myr-psiPKC; a PKCalpha, beta and delta inhibitor) and rottlerin (a PKCdelta inhibitor), followed by stimulation with PAF. CD11b expression was determined using flow cytometry and superoxide generation was evaluated using a cytochrome c reduction assay.', 'BisI treatment led to enhancement of PAF-induced CD11b expression, while myr-psiPKC and rottlerin did not. In contrast, PAF-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by treatment with BisI, myr-psiPKC and rottlerin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetophenones', 'Benzopyrans', 'CD11b Antigen', 'CD18 Antigens', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Eosinophils', 'Humans', 'Integrins', 'Isoenzymes', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Reference Values', 'Superoxides', 'Time Factors', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,156 | Is conditioned place aversion a highly sensitive index of acute opioid dependence and withdrawal? | {
"contexts": [
"Conditioned place aversion (CPA) is known to be a sensitive measure of the aversive motivational state produced by opioid withdrawal in rats made chronically dependent on opioids.",
"The purpose of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of the CPA model in detecting a possible aversive state associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from acute treatment with morphine.",
"Doses of morphine and naloxone, as well as number of conditioning trials, were systematically varied to determine the minimum conditions that would result in a detectable CPA in male Wistar rats. Naloxone (0.003-16.7 mg/kg) was administered 4 h after an injection of vehicle or morphine (1.0, 3.3, or 5.6 mg/kg) and immediately prior to confinement to one compartment of the conditioning apparatus; rats received either one or two such naloxone-conditioning trials (separate by 48 h).",
"Morphine (5.6 mg/kg) followed 4 h later by vehicle produced no significant preference or aversion. In morphine-naive rats, 10 mg/kg naloxone was required to produce a significant CPA with two cycles of conditioning. When increasing doses of morphine were administered (1.0, 3.3, 5.6 mg/kg), significant increases in naloxone potency to elicit a CPA were observed (16-, 211-, and 1018-fold potency shifts, respectively). Naloxone potency after two pretreatments with 5.6 mg/kg morphine was comparable to its potency to elicit a CPA after chronic exposure to morphine. Although naloxone was still effective in producing a CPA after a single conditioning cycle (and hence a single morphine exposure), its effects were dramatically reduced relative to those seen with two conditioning cycles."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Animals",
"Avoidance Learning",
"Conditioning, Operant",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Male",
"Morphine",
"Morphine Dependence",
"Naloxone",
"Narcotic Antagonists",
"Narcotics",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome"
]
} | CPA is a reliable and sensitive index of the aversive motivational state accompanying withdrawal from acute opioid dependence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is conditioned place aversion a highly sensitive index of acute opioid dependence and withdrawal?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Conditioned place aversion (CPA) is known to be a sensitive measure of the aversive motivational state produced by opioid withdrawal in rats made chronically dependent on opioids.', 'The purpose of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of the CPA model in detecting a possible aversive state associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from acute treatment with morphine.', 'Doses of morphine and naloxone, as well as number of conditioning trials, were systematically varied to determine the minimum conditions that would result in a detectable CPA in male Wistar rats. Naloxone (0.003-16.7 mg/kg) was administered 4 h after an injection of vehicle or morphine (1.0, 3.3, or 5.6 mg/kg) and immediately prior to confinement to one compartment of the conditioning apparatus; rats received either one or two such naloxone-conditioning trials (separate by 48 h).', 'Morphine (5.6 mg/kg) followed 4 h later by vehicle produced no significant preference or aversion. In morphine-naive rats, 10 mg/kg naloxone was required to produce a significant CPA with two cycles of conditioning. When increasing doses of morphine were administered (1.0, 3.3, 5.6 mg/kg), significant increases in naloxone potency to elicit a CPA were observed (16-, 211-, and 1018-fold potency shifts, respectively). Naloxone potency after two pretreatments with 5.6 mg/kg morphine was comparable to its potency to elicit a CPA after chronic exposure to morphine. Although naloxone was still effective in producing a CPA after a single conditioning cycle (and hence a single morphine exposure), its effects were dramatically reduced relative to those seen with two conditioning cycles.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Male', 'Morphine', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Naloxone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Narcotics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,550 | Does a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Because clinical diagnosis is inaccurate, objective testing is usually considered necessary when patients present with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT).",
"To determine whether a negative result on a quantitative latex D dimer assay eliminates the need for further investigation in patients with a low or moderate pretest probability of DVT.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"Three tertiary care hospitals in Canada.",
"556 consecutive outpatients with suspected first DVT.",
"Patients were categorized as having a low, moderate, or high pretest probability of DVT and then underwent D-dimer testing. Patients with low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result had no further diagnostic testing and received no anticoagulant therapy. Serial compression ultrasonography was performed in all other patients. Patients who did not receive a diagnosis of DVT were followed for symptomatic venous thromboembolism.",
"Objectively confirmed symptomatic venous thromboembolic events during 3 months of follow-up.",
"283 patients (51%) had low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result. One of these patients had DVT during follow-up (negative likelihood ratio, 0.05 [CI, 0.01 to 0.23]). The negative likelihood ratio of the d -dimer test in all patients was 0.03 (CI, 0.01 to 0.16)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products",
"Humans",
"Latex Fixation Tests",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Ultrasonography",
"Venous Thrombosis"
]
} | A negative result on a quantitative latex d -dimer assay safely eliminates the need for further testing in patients with low or moderate pretest probability of DVT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because clinical diagnosis is inaccurate, objective testing is usually considered necessary when patients present with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT).', 'To determine whether a negative result on a quantitative latex D dimer assay eliminates the need for further investigation in patients with a low or moderate pretest probability of DVT.', 'Prospective cohort study.', 'Three tertiary care hospitals in Canada.', '556 consecutive outpatients with suspected first DVT.', 'Patients were categorized as having a low, moderate, or high pretest probability of DVT and then underwent D-dimer testing. Patients with low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result had no further diagnostic testing and received no anticoagulant therapy. Serial compression ultrasonography was performed in all other patients. Patients who did not receive a diagnosis of DVT were followed for symptomatic venous thromboembolism.', 'Objectively confirmed symptomatic venous thromboembolic events during 3 months of follow-up.', '283 patients (51%) had low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result. One of these patients had DVT during follow-up (negative likelihood ratio, 0.05 [CI, 0.01 to 0.23]). The negative likelihood ratio of the d -dimer test in all patients was 0.03 (CI, 0.01 to 0.16).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Humans', 'Latex Fixation Tests', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Ultrasonography', 'Venous Thrombosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,250 | Does rectocele repair improve evacuation and prolapse complaints independent of anorectal function and colonic transit time? | {
"contexts": [
"Evacuation disorders associated with a rectocele can be improved by rectocele repair. This study investigated whether anorectal function tests results change after rectocele repair.",
"Fourteen patients with 2nd or 3rd degree rectocele and evacuation disorder were treated by posterior colporrhaphy and evaluated pre- and postoperatively (after 8 months, range 3-14) using questionnaires, anal manometry and endosonography, rectal barostat testing, and colonic transit time measurement with radio-opaque markers. Results from female controls were used for comparison.",
"Preoperatively, rectocele patients had high maximal basal sphincter pressures, large sphincter lengths, and low maximal squeeze pressures, with an anal sphincter defect in seven and lower visceral sensitivity scores than in controls. Postprandial rectal responses (more than 10% decrease in postprandial volume after 1 h) were found in 3 of 14 patients compared to 2 of 11 parous and 9 of 11 nulliparous controls. After repair, a rectocele of 2nd degree was found in four patients. Questionnaire scores were significantly decreased for straining, evacuation disorder, manual support, and protrusion. Overall patient satisfaction with the operation scored 8.25 (range 3-10). Defecation frequencies and stool consistencies were unaltered. Anal pressures, rectal compliance-curves, visceral sensitivity, and colonic transit times were unaltered after the rectocele repair."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anal Canal",
"Colon",
"Constipation",
"Defecation",
"Digestive System Surgical Procedures",
"Female",
"Gastrointestinal Transit",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Pressure",
"Prognosis",
"Rectocele",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Viscera"
]
} | Rectocele repair improved complaints of evacuation disorder and protrusion, but defecation frequency and stool consistency were not affected. Anorectal function was unaltered after rectocele repair. Selection of patients for rectocele repair should be performed based on evacuation and protrusion complaints, anorectal function, or colonic transit time measurements have a limited role. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rectocele repair improve evacuation and prolapse complaints independent of anorectal function and colonic transit time?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evacuation disorders associated with a rectocele can be improved by rectocele repair. This study investigated whether anorectal function tests results change after rectocele repair.', 'Fourteen patients with 2nd or 3rd degree rectocele and evacuation disorder were treated by posterior colporrhaphy and evaluated pre- and postoperatively (after 8 months, range 3-14) using questionnaires, anal manometry and endosonography, rectal barostat testing, and colonic transit time measurement with radio-opaque markers. Results from female controls were used for comparison.', 'Preoperatively, rectocele patients had high maximal basal sphincter pressures, large sphincter lengths, and low maximal squeeze pressures, with an anal sphincter defect in seven and lower visceral sensitivity scores than in controls. Postprandial rectal responses (more than 10% decrease in postprandial volume after 1 h) were found in 3 of 14 patients compared to 2 of 11 parous and 9 of 11 nulliparous controls. After repair, a rectocele of 2nd degree was found in four patients. Questionnaire scores were significantly decreased for straining, evacuation disorder, manual support, and protrusion. Overall patient satisfaction with the operation scored 8.25 (range 3-10). Defecation frequencies and stool consistencies were unaltered. Anal pressures, rectal compliance-curves, visceral sensitivity, and colonic transit times were unaltered after the rectocele repair.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anal Canal', 'Colon', 'Constipation', 'Defecation', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pressure', 'Prognosis', 'Rectocele', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viscera']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,760,367 | Do tumor vascularity and tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with a poor prognosis in melanoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The importance of angiogenesis in melanoma has been controversial and is not homogeneous. Mast cell density (MCD) is highly correlated with the extent of both normal and pathological angiogenesis, such as that in chronic inflammatory diseases and tumours.",
"We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumour microvascular density (MVD) and MCD in 25 advanced melanoma patients after resection and a 4-5-year follow up: 48% of the patients were alive and free of metastases (good prognostic subgroup); 16% had developed regional nodal metastases (intermediate prognostic subgroup); and 36% had died (poor prognostic subgroup). Tissues samples were investigated immunohistochemically to count microvessels and mast cells with an antifactor VIII and an antitryptase antibody, respectively.",
"Immunohistological staining showed a higher number of microvessels and mast cells in melanoma lesions of poor prognosis as compared with intermediate prognosis and with good prognosis, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Melanoma",
"Middle Aged",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Serine Endopeptidases",
"Tryptases"
]
} | These data agree with those showing a close relationship between MCD and angiogenesis during tumour progression and demonstrate, for the first time, a prognostic significance of MCD in human melanoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do tumor vascularity and tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with a poor prognosis in melanoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The importance of angiogenesis in melanoma has been controversial and is not homogeneous. Mast cell density (MCD) is highly correlated with the extent of both normal and pathological angiogenesis, such as that in chronic inflammatory diseases and tumours.', 'We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumour microvascular density (MVD) and MCD in 25 advanced melanoma patients after resection and a 4-5-year follow up: 48% of the patients were alive and free of metastases (good prognostic subgroup); 16% had developed regional nodal metastases (intermediate prognostic subgroup); and 36% had died (poor prognostic subgroup). Tissues samples were investigated immunohistochemically to count microvessels and mast cells with an antifactor VIII and an antitryptase antibody, respectively.', 'Immunohistological staining showed a higher number of microvessels and mast cells in melanoma lesions of poor prognosis as compared with intermediate prognosis and with good prognosis, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Tryptases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,036 | Does rhein inhibit transforming growth factor beta1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells.",
"A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot.",
"TGFbeta1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFbeta1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 in human endothelial cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anthraquinones",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Humans",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1"
]
} | Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rhein inhibit transforming growth factor beta1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells.', 'A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot.', 'TGFbeta1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFbeta1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 in human endothelial cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anthraquinones', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,135 | Does potentiation of atrial contractility by paired pacing augment ventricular preload and systolic performance? | {
"contexts": [
"Paired electrical stimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) of contractility has been extensively studied in ventricular myocardium, but less is known about PESP of atrial contractility. Our aim was to determine whether PESP of atrial contractility could augment left ventricular (LV) preload and improve LV systolic performance.",
"A paired electrical stimulus closely following the pacing stimulus was applied to isolated atrial and ventricular myocardium from 4 dog hearts, and the interval dependent force potentiation was examined. In isolated atrial myocardium, paired pacing increased the active tension from a baseline of 1.36 +/- 0.23 to 2.60 +/- 0.57 g/mm(2); in ventricular myocardium active tension increased from 2.58 +/- 0.42 to 3.81 +/- 0.27 g/mm(2) (both P <.01). Then, LV pressure (micromanometer) and segment length (ultrasonic crystals) were measured in the intact hearts of 7 anesthetized dogs in which premature stimuli were applied to the atrium. In intact hearts, paired pacing of the atrium (coupling interval 200 ms) increased LV end-diastolic pressure from 3.8 +/- 1.0 to 6.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; systolic pressure increased from 105 +/- 6 to 112 +/- 7 mm Hg (both P <.05). LV pressure-length loop area (regional stroke work) increased 10.5 +/- 0.2%."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Atrial Function",
"Cardiac Pacing, Artificial",
"Dogs",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | Isolated atrial myocardium exhibits substantial PESP of contractility, which is similar to ventricular myocardium. In the intact heart, atrial PESP augments LV systolic performance by effecting an increase in LV preload. This technique may provide a means of improving cardiac performance in patients with heart failure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does potentiation of atrial contractility by paired pacing augment ventricular preload and systolic performance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Paired electrical stimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) of contractility has been extensively studied in ventricular myocardium, but less is known about PESP of atrial contractility. Our aim was to determine whether PESP of atrial contractility could augment left ventricular (LV) preload and improve LV systolic performance.', 'A paired electrical stimulus closely following the pacing stimulus was applied to isolated atrial and ventricular myocardium from 4 dog hearts, and the interval dependent force potentiation was examined. In isolated atrial myocardium, paired pacing increased the active tension from a baseline of 1.36 +/- 0.23 to 2.60 +/- 0.57 g/mm(2); in ventricular myocardium active tension increased from 2.58 +/- 0.42 to 3.81 +/- 0.27 g/mm(2) (both P <.01). Then, LV pressure (micromanometer) and segment length (ultrasonic crystals) were measured in the intact hearts of 7 anesthetized dogs in which premature stimuli were applied to the atrium. In intact hearts, paired pacing of the atrium (coupling interval 200 ms) increased LV end-diastolic pressure from 3.8 +/- 1.0 to 6.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; systolic pressure increased from 105 +/- 6 to 112 +/- 7 mm Hg (both P <.05). LV pressure-length loop area (regional stroke work) increased 10.5 +/- 0.2%.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Atrial Function', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Dogs', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,374 | Is interleukin-4 production from human basophils critically dependent on the storage conditions employed prior to stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Marked variations in the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing capacity of basophils can be observed when aliquots from the same cell preparation are kept under different conditions before stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the functional activity of basophils and to determine optimal storage conditions.",
"Healthy blood donors.",
"Aliquots of purified basophils were kept for different time intervals on ice or at 37 degrees C, in buffer or culture medium, respectively. Following subsequent stimulation with anti-IgE, IL-4 release was determined.",
"Upon storage times up to 4 h, basophils produced more IL-4 when kept at 37 degrees C as compared to 4 degrees C. Surprisingly, buffer was superior compared to culture medium for storage. When the storage time was 20 h, IL-4 release was reduced significantly under all conditions studied."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Blocking",
"Basophils",
"Cell Separation",
"Cell Survival",
"Culture Media",
"Cytological Techniques",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Interleukin-3",
"Interleukin-4",
"Specimen Handling",
"Stimulation, Chemical",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The storage conditions considerably affect basophil IL-4 release and thus should taken into account when comparing results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interleukin-4 production from human basophils critically dependent on the storage conditions employed prior to stimulation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Marked variations in the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing capacity of basophils can be observed when aliquots from the same cell preparation are kept under different conditions before stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the functional activity of basophils and to determine optimal storage conditions.', 'Healthy blood donors.', 'Aliquots of purified basophils were kept for different time intervals on ice or at 37 degrees C, in buffer or culture medium, respectively. Following subsequent stimulation with anti-IgE, IL-4 release was determined.', 'Upon storage times up to 4 h, basophils produced more IL-4 when kept at 37 degrees C as compared to 4 degrees C. Surprisingly, buffer was superior compared to culture medium for storage. When the storage time was 20 h, IL-4 release was reduced significantly under all conditions studied.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Blocking', 'Basophils', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Survival', 'Culture Media', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-3', 'Interleukin-4', 'Specimen Handling', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,375 | Do reactive oxygen species downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes by human chondrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the regulatory effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the expression by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes of interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6 and -8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in response to interleukin (IL)-1beta or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).",
"Human chondrocytes in monolayer culture were incubated for 3 h with ROS generating molecules such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP, 100 microM), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 100 microM), with chemically synthesised peroxynitrite (ONOO-, 10 microM) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100 microM). After treatment by ROS, chondrocytes were washed and then cultured for the next 24 h with or without lipopolysaccharide LPS (10 microg/ml) or IL-1beta (1.10(-11) M). IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression was analysed by real time and quantitative RT PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 productions were assayed by specific immunoassays. Nitrite was measured in the culture supernatants by the Griess procedure.",
"LPS and IL-1beta stimulated IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. SNAP significantly downregulated LPS induced overall gene expressions, whereas SIN-1 had no effect. ONOO- inhibited iNOS and COX-2 gene expression but not that of the cytokine genes. When chondrocytes were incubated with IL-1beta, SIN-1 and ONOO dramatically decreased all gene expressions while SNAP was inefficient. H2O2 treatment inhibited both LPS and IL-1beta induced gene expressions."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Cell Survival",
"Chondrocytes",
"DNA",
"DNA Fragmentation",
"Dinoprostone",
"Down-Regulation",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Inflammation",
"Interleukin-1",
"Interleukin-6",
"Interleukin-8",
"L-Lactate Dehydrogenase",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Osteoarthritis",
"Peroxynitrous Acid",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | These data provide an evidence that ROS may have anti-inflammatory properties by depressing inflammatory gene expression. Further, we demonstrate that ROS effects are dependent on the nature of radical species and the signalling pathway that is activated. These findings should be taken into consideration for the management of antioxidant therapy in treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do reactive oxygen species downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes by human chondrocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the regulatory effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the expression by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes of interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6 and -8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in response to interleukin (IL)-1beta or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).', 'Human chondrocytes in monolayer culture were incubated for 3 h with ROS generating molecules such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP, 100 microM), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 100 microM), with chemically synthesised peroxynitrite (ONOO-, 10 microM) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100 microM). After treatment by ROS, chondrocytes were washed and then cultured for the next 24 h with or without lipopolysaccharide LPS (10 microg/ml) or IL-1beta (1.10(-11) M). IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression was analysed by real time and quantitative RT PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 productions were assayed by specific immunoassays. Nitrite was measured in the culture supernatants by the Griess procedure.', 'LPS and IL-1beta stimulated IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. SNAP significantly downregulated LPS induced overall gene expressions, whereas SIN-1 had no effect. ONOO- inhibited iNOS and COX-2 gene expression but not that of the cytokine genes. When chondrocytes were incubated with IL-1beta, SIN-1 and ONOO dramatically decreased all gene expressions while SNAP was inefficient. H2O2 treatment inhibited both LPS and IL-1beta induced gene expressions.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cartilage, Articular', 'Cell Survival', 'Chondrocytes', 'DNA', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Dinoprostone', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Peroxynitrous Acid', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,373 | Does luteolin alleviate bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in ovalbumin sensitized mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways and the current focus in managing asthma is the control of inflammation. In this study, we attempted to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of a plant derived natural compound, luteolin.",
"We used a murine model of airway hyperreactivity, which mimicked some of the characteristic features of asthma. Male BALB/c mice (8-9 weeks) were used for this study.",
"Mice (n = 6) were sensitized by intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of 10 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0, 7 and 14 followed by aerosol inhalation (5% OVA) treatments daily beginning from day 19 to day 23. To study its preventive effect, luteolin (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg body weight; daily) was administered orally during the entire period (0 to 23 day) of sensitization. To study its curative effect, mice were first sensitized and then luteolin (1.0 mg/kg body weight daily) was given orally from day 26 to 32. The airway hyperreactivity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the sera, and cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.",
"Both during sensitization and after sensitization, luteolin, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight, significantly modulated OVA-induced airway bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperreactivity (p < 0.05). Luteolin also reduced OVA-specific IgE levels in the sera, increased interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels and decreased the interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels in the BALF."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Airway Resistance",
"Animals",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Bronchoconstriction",
"Expectorants",
"Flavonoids",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-4",
"Interleukin-5",
"Luteolin",
"Male",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Muscarinic Agonists",
"Ovalbumin"
]
} | Our study showed that luteolin treatment during and after sensitization significantly attenuated the asthmatic features in experimental mice. Therefore, luteolin could be used either as a lead molecule to identify an effective antiasthma therapy or as a means to identify novel anti-asthma targets. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does luteolin alleviate bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in ovalbumin sensitized mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways and the current focus in managing asthma is the control of inflammation. In this study, we attempted to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of a plant derived natural compound, luteolin.', 'We used a murine model of airway hyperreactivity, which mimicked some of the characteristic features of asthma. Male BALB/c mice (8-9 weeks) were used for this study.', 'Mice (n = 6) were sensitized by intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of 10 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0, 7 and 14 followed by aerosol inhalation (5% OVA) treatments daily beginning from day 19 to day 23. To study its preventive effect, luteolin (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg body weight; daily) was administered orally during the entire period (0 to 23 day) of sensitization. To study its curative effect, mice were first sensitized and then luteolin (1.0 mg/kg body weight daily) was given orally from day 26 to 32. The airway hyperreactivity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the sera, and cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.', 'Both during sensitization and after sensitization, luteolin, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight, significantly modulated OVA-induced airway bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperreactivity (p < 0.05). Luteolin also reduced OVA-specific IgE levels in the sera, increased interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels and decreased the interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels in the BALF.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Airway Resistance', 'Animals', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Expectorants', 'Flavonoids', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-5', 'Luteolin', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Muscarinic Agonists', 'Ovalbumin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,276 | Does the 5-HT1A receptor agonist MKC-242 reverse isolation rearing-induced deficits of prepulse inhibition in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating in which a weak stimulus presented prior to a startling stimulus reduces the startle response. PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia patients can be modeled in rats by individual housing from weaning until adulthood. The deficits in PPI produced by isolation rearing can be reversed by antipsychotics. We previously found that (S)-5-[3-[(1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino]propoxy]-1,3-benzodioxole HCl (MKC-242), a highly potent 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, reduced aggressive behavior selectively in isolation-reared mice.",
"This study examines whether isolation rearing of mice produces PPI deficits and whether PPI deficits are attenuated by 5-HT(1A) receptor activation.",
"Male ddY mice, 4 weeks old, were housed for more than 6 weeks singly or in groups of five or six. The PPI of the acoustic startle response was measured using SR-LAB systems.",
"The PPI was less in isolation-reared mice than in group-reared mice. Oral administration of MKC-242 at 0.1-0.3 mg/kg reversed PPI deficits in isolation-reared mice, although it did not affect PPI in group-reared mice. MKC-242 did not affect MK-801-induced and apomorphine-induced PPI deficits in group-reared mice. The reversal by MKC-242 of isolation-induced PPI deficits was antagonized by the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 at low doses."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin",
"Acoustic Stimulation",
"Administration, Oral",
"Animals",
"Apomorphine",
"Dioxanes",
"Dioxoles",
"Dizocilpine Maleate",
"Drug Interactions",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Piperazines",
"Pyridines",
"Reflex, Startle",
"Risperidone",
"Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists",
"Serotonin Antagonists",
"Social Isolation"
]
} | These results suggest that isolation rearing produces deficits in sensorimotor gating in mice that are reversible by activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors, probably somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the 5-HT1A receptor agonist MKC-242 reverse isolation rearing-induced deficits of prepulse inhibition in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating in which a weak stimulus presented prior to a startling stimulus reduces the startle response. PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia patients can be modeled in rats by individual housing from weaning until adulthood. The deficits in PPI produced by isolation rearing can be reversed by antipsychotics. We previously found that (S)-5-[3-[(1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino]propoxy]-1,3-benzodioxole HCl (MKC-242), a highly potent 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, reduced aggressive behavior selectively in isolation-reared mice.', 'This study examines whether isolation rearing of mice produces PPI deficits and whether PPI deficits are attenuated by 5-HT(1A) receptor activation.', 'Male ddY mice, 4 weeks old, were housed for more than 6 weeks singly or in groups of five or six. The PPI of the acoustic startle response was measured using SR-LAB systems.', 'The PPI was less in isolation-reared mice than in group-reared mice. Oral administration of MKC-242 at 0.1-0.3 mg/kg reversed PPI deficits in isolation-reared mice, although it did not affect PPI in group-reared mice. MKC-242 did not affect MK-801-induced and apomorphine-induced PPI deficits in group-reared mice. The reversal by MKC-242 of isolation-induced PPI deficits was antagonized by the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 at low doses.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', 'Acoustic Stimulation', 'Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Apomorphine', 'Dioxanes', 'Dioxoles', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Drug Interactions', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Piperazines', 'Pyridines', 'Reflex, Startle', 'Risperidone', 'Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Social Isolation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,123 | Does human epidermal growth factor enhance healing of diabetic foot ulcers? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the healing effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on diabetic foot ulcers.",
"A total of 127 consecutive patients were screened and 61 diabetic subjects were recruited into this double-blind randomized controlled study. Predetermined criteria were used for diagnosis and classification of the diabetic wound. The patients were randomized into three groups. All patients attended our Diabetes Ambulatory Care Center every other week for joint consultation with the diabetologist and the podiatrist. Group 1 (control) was treated with Actovegin 5% cream (Actovegin), group 2 with Actovegin plus 0.02% (wt/wt) hEGF, and group 3 with Actovegin plus 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF. The study end point was the complete closure of the wound. Failure to heal was arbitrarily defined as incomplete healing after 12 weeks.",
"Final data were obtained from 61 patients randomly assigned into three groups. The mean ages of the patients, wound sizes, wound duration, metabolic measurements, and comorbidities were comparable within groups, except that group 3 had more female patients. Mean follow-up for the patients was 24 weeks. Data were cutoff at 12 weeks, and results were analyzed by intention to treat. After 12 weeks, in group 1 (control) eight patients had complete healing, two patients underwent toe amputation, and nine had nonhealing ulcers. In group 2 (0.02% [wt/wt] hEGF) 12 patients experienced wound healing, 2 had toe amputations, and 7 had nonhealing ulcers. Some 20 of 21 patients in group 3 (0.04% [wt/wt] hEGF) showed complete wound healing. Healing rates were 42.10, 57.14, and 95% for the control, 0.02% (wt/wt) hEGF, and 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that application of cream with 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF caused more ulcers to heal by 12 weeks and increased the rate of healing compared with the other treatments (log-rank test, P = 0.0003)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age of Onset",
"Aged",
"Diabetic Foot",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Female",
"Foot Ulcer",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Placebos",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Time Factors",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | Our data support the contention that application of hEGF-containing cream, in addition to good foot care from a multidisciplinary team, significantly enhances diabetic foot ulcer wound healing and reduces the healing time. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does human epidermal growth factor enhance healing of diabetic foot ulcers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the healing effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on diabetic foot ulcers.', 'A total of 127 consecutive patients were screened and 61 diabetic subjects were recruited into this double-blind randomized controlled study. Predetermined criteria were used for diagnosis and classification of the diabetic wound. The patients were randomized into three groups. All patients attended our Diabetes Ambulatory Care Center every other week for joint consultation with the diabetologist and the podiatrist. Group 1 (control) was treated with Actovegin 5% cream (Actovegin), group 2 with Actovegin plus 0.02% (wt/wt) hEGF, and group 3 with Actovegin plus 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF. The study end point was the complete closure of the wound. Failure to heal was arbitrarily defined as incomplete healing after 12 weeks.', 'Final data were obtained from 61 patients randomly assigned into three groups. The mean ages of the patients, wound sizes, wound duration, metabolic measurements, and comorbidities were comparable within groups, except that group 3 had more female patients. Mean follow-up for the patients was 24 weeks. Data were cutoff at 12 weeks, and results were analyzed by intention to treat. After 12 weeks, in group 1 (control) eight patients had complete healing, two patients underwent toe amputation, and nine had nonhealing ulcers. In group 2 (0.02% [wt/wt] hEGF) 12 patients experienced wound healing, 2 had toe amputations, and 7 had nonhealing ulcers. Some 20 of 21 patients in group 3 (0.04% [wt/wt] hEGF) showed complete wound healing. Healing rates were 42.10, 57.14, and 95% for the control, 0.02% (wt/wt) hEGF, and 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that application of cream with 0.04% (wt/wt) hEGF caused more ulcers to heal by 12 weeks and increased the rate of healing compared with the other treatments (log-rank test, P = 0.0003).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Diabetic Foot', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Female', 'Foot Ulcer', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,127 | Is percent change in wound area of diabetic foot ulcers over a 4-week period a robust predictor of complete healing in a 12-week prospective trial? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the ability of the 4-week healing rate to predict complete healing over a 12-week period in a large prospective multicenter trial of diabetic patients with foot ulceration.",
"We examined the change in ulcer area over a 4-week period as a predictor of wound healing within 12 weeks in patients who were seen weekly in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.",
"Wound area measurements at baseline and after 4 weeks were performed in 203 patients. The midpoint between the percentage area reduction from baseline at 4 weeks in patients healed versus those not healed at 12 weeks was found to be 53%. Subjects with a reduction in ulcer area greater than the 4-week median had a 12-week healing rate of 58%, whereas those with reduction in ulcer area less than the 4-week median had a healing rate of only 9% (P < 0.01). The absolute change in ulcer area at 4 weeks was significantly greater in healers versus nonhealers (1.5 vs. 0.8 cm(2), P < 0.02). The percent change in wound area at 4 weeks in those who healed was 82% (95% CI 70-94), whereas in those who failed to heal, the percent change in wound area was 25% (15-35; P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The percent change in foot ulcer area after 4 weeks of observation is a robust predictor of healing at 12 weeks. This simple tool may serve as a pivotal clinical decision point in the care of diabetic foot ulcers for early identification of patients who may not respond to standard care and may need additional treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is percent change in wound area of diabetic foot ulcers over a 4-week period a robust predictor of complete healing in a 12-week prospective trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the ability of the 4-week healing rate to predict complete healing over a 12-week period in a large prospective multicenter trial of diabetic patients with foot ulceration.', 'We examined the change in ulcer area over a 4-week period as a predictor of wound healing within 12 weeks in patients who were seen weekly in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.', 'Wound area measurements at baseline and after 4 weeks were performed in 203 patients. The midpoint between the percentage area reduction from baseline at 4 weeks in patients healed versus those not healed at 12 weeks was found to be 53%. Subjects with a reduction in ulcer area greater than the 4-week median had a 12-week healing rate of 58%, whereas those with reduction in ulcer area less than the 4-week median had a healing rate of only 9% (P < 0.01). The absolute change in ulcer area at 4 weeks was significantly greater in healers versus nonhealers (1.5 vs. 0.8 cm(2), P < 0.02). The percent change in wound area at 4 weeks in those who healed was 82% (95% CI 70-94), whereas in those who failed to heal, the percent change in wound area was 25% (15-35; P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,265 | Does neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predict early age at onset of substance use disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"This longitudinal study had three aims: 1) determine the extent to which boys at high average risk and low average risk for substance use disorder differ on a construct of neurobehavioral disinhibition, 2) evaluate the capacity of neurobehavioral disinhibition to predict substance use frequency at age 16, and 3) demonstrate the utility of neurobehavioral disinhibition in predicting substance use disorder.",
"The authors derived an index of neurobehavioral disinhibition from measures of affect, behavior, and cognition. The neurobehavioral disinhibition score was used to discriminate youth at high and low average risk for substance use disorder and to predict substance use frequency after 4-6 years and substance use disorder after 7-9 years.",
"The neurobehavioral disorder score significantly discriminated boys at high average risk from those at low average risk at ages 10-12. Neurobehavioral disinhibition at age 16, in conjunction with substance use frequency and risk status group, predicted substance use disorder at age 19 with 85% accuracy and accounted for 50% of the variance in Drug Use Screening Inventory overall problem density score. Neurobehavioral disinhibition was a stronger predictor of substance use disorder (odds ratio=6.83) than substance consumption frequency (odds ratio=3.19)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adolescent Behavior",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Child",
"Child Behavior Disorders",
"Child of Impaired Parents",
"Child, Preschool",
"Comorbidity",
"Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Factor Analysis, Statistical",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Personality Assessment",
"Prognosis",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Factors",
"Substance-Related Disorders"
]
} | Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that neurobehavioral disinhibition is a component of the liability to early age at onset of substance use disorder. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predict early age at onset of substance use disorder?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This longitudinal study had three aims: 1) determine the extent to which boys at high average risk and low average risk for substance use disorder differ on a construct of neurobehavioral disinhibition, 2) evaluate the capacity of neurobehavioral disinhibition to predict substance use frequency at age 16, and 3) demonstrate the utility of neurobehavioral disinhibition in predicting substance use disorder.', 'The authors derived an index of neurobehavioral disinhibition from measures of affect, behavior, and cognition. The neurobehavioral disinhibition score was used to discriminate youth at high and low average risk for substance use disorder and to predict substance use frequency after 4-6 years and substance use disorder after 7-9 years.', 'The neurobehavioral disorder score significantly discriminated boys at high average risk from those at low average risk at ages 10-12. Neurobehavioral disinhibition at age 16, in conjunction with substance use frequency and risk status group, predicted substance use disorder at age 19 with 85% accuracy and accounted for 50% of the variance in Drug Use Screening Inventory overall problem density score. Neurobehavioral disinhibition was a stronger predictor of substance use disorder (odds ratio=6.83) than substance consumption frequency (odds ratio=3.19).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Age of Onset', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child of Impaired Parents', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comorbidity', 'Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Personality Assessment', 'Prognosis', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance-Related Disorders']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,754,026 | Does mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow facilitate heart transplantation in older infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Progression of pulmonary vascular disease limits heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to early infancy. Our objective was to assess the impact of bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on the operative courses of HLHS infants transplanted at ages older than 4 months.",
"Courses of all HLHS patients in our center who remained listed to age >or=120 days before heart transplantation were assessed. Patients undergoing transplantation after standard management (control group) were compared to patients having a prior pulmonary blood flow limiting procedure (PAB group).",
"Of 16 identified patients, one crossed over to stage I Norwood on day 185 and died post-operatively. Fifteen patients were transplanted at age >or=120 days (control group n=9, PAB group n=6). Four PAB patients had open PA band placement. Two PAB patients underwent experimental percutaneous bilateral internal pulmonary artery flow limiting device insertion. The PAB group mean age at banding was 141+/-54 days, and mean interval from PAB to transplant was 35+/-31 days (range 1.5-68 days). No differences in age at transplant, weight at transplant, warm graft ischemia time or total graft ischemia time were detected between groups. Mean times of mechanical ventilation (control 143+/-69h vs. PAB 44+/-13h), inhaled nitric oxide (control 126+/-70h vs. PAB 37+/-9h), inotropic support (control 171+/-64h vs. PAB 87+/-17h), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (control 8.3+/-2.7 days vs. PAB 4.5+/-1.4 days), and hospital stay (control 10.4+/-3.9 days vs. PAB 7.0+/-1.1 days) were all lower in the PAB group (P<0.05 all comparisons). Two control patients died, three required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and six did not tolerate primary chest closure. No PAB patient died or required ECMO. All PAB patients tolerated primary chest closure. All PAB patients had widely patent branch pulmonary arteries with no re-interventions to date. All hospital survivors remain alive (mean follow-up, control 50.2 months, PAB 11.5 months)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Pressure",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Constriction",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome",
"Infant",
"Polytetrafluoroethylene",
"Pulmonary Artery",
"Pulmonary Circulation",
"Salvage Therapy",
"Stents",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Pre-transplant mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow simplified management and reduced morbidity for HLHS patients undergoing heart transplantation at ages >or=4 months. This strategy extends the permissible transplant waiting time in older infants with HLHS. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow facilitate heart transplantation in older infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Progression of pulmonary vascular disease limits heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to early infancy. Our objective was to assess the impact of bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on the operative courses of HLHS infants transplanted at ages older than 4 months.', 'Courses of all HLHS patients in our center who remained listed to age >or=120 days before heart transplantation were assessed. Patients undergoing transplantation after standard management (control group) were compared to patients having a prior pulmonary blood flow limiting procedure (PAB group).', 'Of 16 identified patients, one crossed over to stage I Norwood on day 185 and died post-operatively. Fifteen patients were transplanted at age >or=120 days (control group n=9, PAB group n=6). Four PAB patients had open PA band placement. Two PAB patients underwent experimental percutaneous bilateral internal pulmonary artery flow limiting device insertion. The PAB group mean age at banding was 141+/-54 days, and mean interval from PAB to transplant was 35+/-31 days (range 1.5-68 days). No differences in age at transplant, weight at transplant, warm graft ischemia time or total graft ischemia time were detected between groups. Mean times of mechanical ventilation (control 143+/-69h vs. PAB 44+/-13h), inhaled nitric oxide (control 126+/-70h vs. PAB 37+/-9h), inotropic support (control 171+/-64h vs. PAB 87+/-17h), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (control 8.3+/-2.7 days vs. PAB 4.5+/-1.4 days), and hospital stay (control 10.4+/-3.9 days vs. PAB 7.0+/-1.1 days) were all lower in the PAB group (P<0.05 all comparisons). Two control patients died, three required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and six did not tolerate primary chest closure. No PAB patient died or required ECMO. All PAB patients tolerated primary chest closure. All PAB patients had widely patent branch pulmonary arteries with no re-interventions to date. All hospital survivors remain alive (mean follow-up, control 50.2 months, PAB 11.5 months).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Pressure', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Constriction', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome', 'Infant', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,754,028 | Is the Jarvik 2000 associated with less infections than the HeartMate left ventricular assist device? | {
"contexts": [
"Device-related infections remain a considerable problem of left-ventricular support. We compared the device-related-infections between the HeartMate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and the Jarvik 2000 permanent LVAD, a device with a novel retroauricular power-supply.",
"Between December 2000 and September 2002 we implanted the HeartMate-vented, electrical-system in 11 patients and the permanent Jarvik 2000 in six patients. Total support time was 1626 patient-days (HeartMate, 26-271 days) versus 1246 patient-days (Jarvik 2000, 8-411 days). As potential risk factors for infection we analyzed age, preoperative hospital-days, total protein, cardiac index, maximal oxygen uptake, use of inotropes, LVAD risk-score-index and Aaronson-Mancini-score, intubation time, and intensive care unit stay. We used the Center of Disease Control definitions for surgical site infections.",
"HeartMate-patients were younger than Jarvik 2000 patients (46+/-13 versus 58+/-6 years, P=0.056), there were no other differences in the risk factors. Four HeartMate-patients needed late (>or=48 h) surgical revisions for bleeding/hematomas versus no revisions in the Jarvik 2000 patients. In the HeartMate-patients, there were seven (64%) driveline-infections, five (45%) device-pocket infections, and three (27%) bloodstream-infections, or 0.43 device-related infections/100 patient-days. Infections occurred early (34+/-31 days). Three patients required urgent transplantation due to bloodstream infection. There were no adverse outcomes in the HeartMate-group due to infection. In the Jarvik 2000 patients, there was one driveline-infection (16%) after 270 days of support (0.08 device-related infections/100 patient-days), significantly less than in the HeartMate-group (P=0.044). Driveline infections resolved with antibiotics and local wound care in the Jarvik 2000 patient, but only in one of seven HeartMate-patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Drug Costs",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart-Assist Devices",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Readmission",
"Prosthesis Design",
"Prosthesis-Related Infections",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Implantation of the Jarvik 2000 is associated with less device-related infections than the HeartMate-LVAD. The power-supply of the permanent Jarvik 2000 is suitable for long-term mechanical support. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the Jarvik 2000 associated with less infections than the HeartMate left ventricular assist device?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Device-related infections remain a considerable problem of left-ventricular support. We compared the device-related-infections between the HeartMate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and the Jarvik 2000 permanent LVAD, a device with a novel retroauricular power-supply.', 'Between December 2000 and September 2002 we implanted the HeartMate-vented, electrical-system in 11 patients and the permanent Jarvik 2000 in six patients. Total support time was 1626 patient-days (HeartMate, 26-271 days) versus 1246 patient-days (Jarvik 2000, 8-411 days). As potential risk factors for infection we analyzed age, preoperative hospital-days, total protein, cardiac index, maximal oxygen uptake, use of inotropes, LVAD risk-score-index and Aaronson-Mancini-score, intubation time, and intensive care unit stay. We used the Center of Disease Control definitions for surgical site infections.', 'HeartMate-patients were younger than Jarvik 2000 patients (46+/-13 versus 58+/-6 years, P=0.056), there were no other differences in the risk factors. Four HeartMate-patients needed late (>or=48 h) surgical revisions for bleeding/hematomas versus no revisions in the Jarvik 2000 patients. In the HeartMate-patients, there were seven (64%) driveline-infections, five (45%) device-pocket infections, and three (27%) bloodstream-infections, or 0.43 device-related infections/100 patient-days. Infections occurred early (34+/-31 days). Three patients required urgent transplantation due to bloodstream infection. There were no adverse outcomes in the HeartMate-group due to infection. In the Jarvik 2000 patients, there was one driveline-infection (16%) after 270 days of support (0.08 device-related infections/100 patient-days), significantly less than in the HeartMate-group (P=0.044). Driveline infections resolved with antibiotics and local wound care in the Jarvik 2000 patient, but only in one of seven HeartMate-patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Costs', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart-Assist Devices', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Readmission', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis-Related Infections', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,941 | Does [ Removal of YY1 binding sites in HPV 16 LCR increase viral transforming activities on mouse fibroblasts ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of removal of YY1 binding sites within the LCR region of HPV 16 on viral transforming activity.",
"Previously we had generated new plasmids carrying HPV 16 whole genome, which contained naturally occurred mutated LCR sequences. The viral transforming abilities on mouse fibroblasts were evaluated in anchorage-independent assays, while the expression and activity of YY1 protein in fibroblasts were tested with EMSA and luciferase assays.",
"YY1 protein was expressed in mouse fibroblasts C127, with ability for DNA binding and repression on P97 activity. Both HPV 16 wild-type DNA and mutated DNAs were transfected into C127 cells and spread to the soft-agarose mediums after selecting with G 418. The growth numbers of the cells transfected with mutated HPV 16 DNAs were 2-10 fold more than that with wild-type HPV 16 DNA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors",
"Fibroblasts",
"Gene Deletion",
"Mice",
"Papillomaviridae",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transfection",
"Virulence",
"YY1 Transcription Factor"
]
} | Like in epithelial cells or cell lines, transcription regulator YY1 is widely expressed in rodent fibroblasts. Removal of YY1 binding motifs can elevate in the context of the whole genome, the anchorage independent growth ability and the transforming capacity of HPV 16 on the mouse fibroblasts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Removal of YY1 binding sites in HPV 16 LCR increase viral transforming activities on mouse fibroblasts ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the effect of removal of YY1 binding sites within the LCR region of HPV 16 on viral transforming activity.', 'Previously we had generated new plasmids carrying HPV 16 whole genome, which contained naturally occurred mutated LCR sequences. The viral transforming abilities on mouse fibroblasts were evaluated in anchorage-independent assays, while the expression and activity of YY1 protein in fibroblasts were tested with EMSA and luciferase assays.', 'YY1 protein was expressed in mouse fibroblasts C127, with ability for DNA binding and repression on P97 activity. Both HPV 16 wild-type DNA and mutated DNAs were transfected into C127 cells and spread to the soft-agarose mediums after selecting with G 418. The growth numbers of the cells transfected with mutated HPV 16 DNAs were 2-10 fold more than that with wild-type HPV 16 DNA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Deletion', 'Mice', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection', 'Virulence', 'YY1 Transcription Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,385 | Are red cell and plasma plant sterols related during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads in children with hypercholesterolemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To show whether the ratios of squalene and cholesterol precursor sterols to cholesterol and cholestanol and plant sterols to cholesterol change differently in plasma and especially in the red cells of hypercholesterolemic children during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads.",
"In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, hypercholesterolemic children (n = 23) consumed low-fat plant stanol and sterol ester spreads for 5-week periods separated by a 5-week washout period. Plasma and red cell lipids, squalene, and noncholesterol sterols were measured before and at the end of each period.",
"The plant stanol and sterol ester spreads lowered plasma total (-9% and -6%, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein (-12% and -9%) cholesterol but had no effect on red cell cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or plasma triglycerides. The ratios of plasma and red cell sitosterol and campesterol to cholesterol decreased by 32% to 36% (P <.001) with the plant stanol ester and increased by 40% to 52% (P <.001) with the sterol ester spread."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Erythrocytes",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypercholesterolemia",
"Male",
"Margarine",
"Phytosterols",
"Sitosterols",
"Time Factors",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Consumption of plant sterols increases and consumption of plant stanols decreases the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in red cells of hypercholesterolemic children proportionately to the respective changes in plasma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are red cell and plasma plant sterols related during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads in children with hypercholesterolemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To show whether the ratios of squalene and cholesterol precursor sterols to cholesterol and cholestanol and plant sterols to cholesterol change differently in plasma and especially in the red cells of hypercholesterolemic children during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads.', 'In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, hypercholesterolemic children (n = 23) consumed low-fat plant stanol and sterol ester spreads for 5-week periods separated by a 5-week washout period. Plasma and red cell lipids, squalene, and noncholesterol sterols were measured before and at the end of each period.', 'The plant stanol and sterol ester spreads lowered plasma total (-9% and -6%, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein (-12% and -9%) cholesterol but had no effect on red cell cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or plasma triglycerides. The ratios of plasma and red cell sitosterol and campesterol to cholesterol decreased by 32% to 36% (P <.001) with the plant stanol ester and increased by 40% to 52% (P <.001) with the sterol ester spread.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Margarine', 'Phytosterols', 'Sitosterols', 'Time Factors', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,458 | Does interleukin-10 inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO) and its role in surgical inflammation are well documented; demonstrating the role of NO in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and ways in which it may be suppressed may provide avenues for immune modulation in the treatment of NEC.",
"We sought to demonstrate an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and nitric oxide in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. In addition, we hypothesized that interleukin-10 (IL-10) would attenuate this response.",
"Newborn rats were treated with 25 microliters intraperitoneal IL-10 or vehicle prior to laparotomy, 1 h superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, 50 micrograms/kg intraluminal platelet activating factor administration, and SMA reperfusion. iNOS mRNA and nitric oxide levels were measured in the liver, small bowel, and serum and compared using Student's t-test.",
"Small bowel iNOS mRNA increased after NEC induction from 0.058 +/- 0.02 to 0.144 +/- 0.05 relative intensity units (RIU) at 2 h (p < 0.01) and from 0 to 0.09 +/- 0.02 RIU at 6 h (p < 0.03). Liver mRNA increased from 0.026 +/- 0.002 to 0.485 +/- 0.09 RIU (p < 0.002) and from 0 to 0.069 +/- 0.02 RIU (p < 0.0001) at 2 and 6 h, respectively. Serum nitric oxide increased in NEC induced animals at 2 h from 28.04 +/- 10.5 to 45.18 +/- 6.8 microM (p < 0.001). IL-10 suppressed iNOS mRNA and nitric oxide expression at 2 h in small bowel, liver, and serum by 60%, 89%, and 11%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Enterocolitis, Necrotizing",
"Interleukin-10",
"Intestine, Small",
"Liver",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II",
"Rats"
]
} | IL-10 decreases iNOS mRNA response in experimental NEC. This down-regulation may be an avenue for anti-inflammatory intervention in NEC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interleukin-10 inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nitric oxide (NO) and its role in surgical inflammation are well documented; demonstrating the role of NO in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and ways in which it may be suppressed may provide avenues for immune modulation in the treatment of NEC.', 'We sought to demonstrate an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and nitric oxide in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. In addition, we hypothesized that interleukin-10 (IL-10) would attenuate this response.', \"Newborn rats were treated with 25 microliters intraperitoneal IL-10 or vehicle prior to laparotomy, 1 h superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, 50 micrograms/kg intraluminal platelet activating factor administration, and SMA reperfusion. iNOS mRNA and nitric oxide levels were measured in the liver, small bowel, and serum and compared using Student's t-test.\", 'Small bowel iNOS mRNA increased after NEC induction from 0.058 +/- 0.02 to 0.144 +/- 0.05 relative intensity units (RIU) at 2 h (p < 0.01) and from 0 to 0.09 +/- 0.02 RIU at 6 h (p < 0.03). Liver mRNA increased from 0.026 +/- 0.002 to 0.485 +/- 0.09 RIU (p < 0.002) and from 0 to 0.069 +/- 0.02 RIU (p < 0.0001) at 2 and 6 h, respectively. Serum nitric oxide increased in NEC induced animals at 2 h from 28.04 +/- 10.5 to 45.18 +/- 6.8 microM (p < 0.001). IL-10 suppressed iNOS mRNA and nitric oxide expression at 2 h in small bowel, liver, and serum by 60%, 89%, and 11%, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enterocolitis, Necrotizing', 'Interleukin-10', 'Intestine, Small', 'Liver', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Rats']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,644 | Does [ Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis-resistance in gastric epithelial cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish a cell model by chronically infecting human gastric epithelial cells with H.pylori, and to determine the effect of chronic H.pylori infection on apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.",
"Human non-tumor gastric epithelial cells GES-1 were cocultured with an H.pylori strain SS1 for 16 weeks, in order to obtain GES-1 \"model\" cells. Biological characteristics of the model cells including growth, adherence and clone formation were determined. Apoptosis of the \"model\" cells in response to apoptosis inducers such as H.pylori and other enterobacteria and agents commonly used in the chemotherapy of gastric cancer were measured by flow cytometry.",
"A cell model of human gastric epithelial cells with chronic H.pylori infection (GES-1 model cells) was successfully established. Apoptosis was dramatically decreased in the \"model\" cells with and without stimulation by H.pylori and other enterobacteria and some chemotherapeutic agents."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Chronic Disease",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Gastric Mucosa",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans"
]
} | Chronic H.pylori infection induces apoptosis resistance in gastric epithelial cells, which may increase the risk of the development of gastric cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis-resistance in gastric epithelial cells ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To establish a cell model by chronically infecting human gastric epithelial cells with H.pylori, and to determine the effect of chronic H.pylori infection on apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.', 'Human non-tumor gastric epithelial cells GES-1 were cocultured with an H.pylori strain SS1 for 16 weeks, in order to obtain GES-1 \"model\" cells. Biological characteristics of the model cells including growth, adherence and clone formation were determined. Apoptosis of the \"model\" cells in response to apoptosis inducers such as H.pylori and other enterobacteria and agents commonly used in the chemotherapy of gastric cancer were measured by flow cytometry.', 'A cell model of human gastric epithelial cells with chronic H.pylori infection (GES-1 model cells) was successfully established. Apoptosis was dramatically decreased in the \"model\" cells with and without stimulation by H.pylori and other enterobacteria and some chemotherapeutic agents.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,583 | Does training improve divers ' ability to detect increased CO2? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated arterial PCO2 (hypercapnia) is a known risk in diving with closed circuit breathing apparatus. In a retrospective study, we determined CO2 retention and the ability to detect CO2 in novice divers who were either CO2-recognition-trained subjects (TS) or untrained subjects (UTS).",
"Ventilatory and perceptual responses to variations in inspired CO2 (range 0-5.6 kPa, 0-42 mm Hg) during moderate exercise were assessed in novice Israeli Navy divers on active duty. Tests were carried out on 231 TS and 213 UTS.",
"The minimal mean inspired PCO2 that could be detected was 4.8 +/- 1.6 kPa (36 +/- 12 mm Hg) in UTS and 2.9 +/- 0.7 kPa (22 +/- 5 mm Hg) in TS (p < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in PETCO2 between the two groups during exposure to a PICO2 of 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg). There were 46 TS who were found to be CO2 retainers (more than +1 SD above the mean) and 19 were classified as poor detectors (more than +1 SD above the mean). Seven subjects exhibited both traits. During actual oxygen diving performed later by this group, the only four cases of CNS-oxygen toxicity were among those seven subjects (p < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Carbon Dioxide",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Diving",
"Humans",
"Hypercapnia",
"Male",
"Military Personnel",
"Perception",
"Physical Education and Training",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Statistics, Nonparametric"
]
} | We conclude that CO2 recognition training improves the diver's capability to detect CO2. We suggest that a diver who is both a poor CO2 detector and a CO2 retainer will be prone to CNS-oxygen toxicity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does training improve divers ' ability to detect increased CO2?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Elevated arterial PCO2 (hypercapnia) is a known risk in diving with closed circuit breathing apparatus. In a retrospective study, we determined CO2 retention and the ability to detect CO2 in novice divers who were either CO2-recognition-trained subjects (TS) or untrained subjects (UTS).', 'Ventilatory and perceptual responses to variations in inspired CO2 (range 0-5.6 kPa, 0-42 mm Hg) during moderate exercise were assessed in novice Israeli Navy divers on active duty. Tests were carried out on 231 TS and 213 UTS.', 'The minimal mean inspired PCO2 that could be detected was 4.8 +/- 1.6 kPa (36 +/- 12 mm Hg) in UTS and 2.9 +/- 0.7 kPa (22 +/- 5 mm Hg) in TS (p < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in PETCO2 between the two groups during exposure to a PICO2 of 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg). There were 46 TS who were found to be CO2 retainers (more than +1 SD above the mean) and 19 were classified as poor detectors (more than +1 SD above the mean). Seven subjects exhibited both traits. During actual oxygen diving performed later by this group, the only four cases of CNS-oxygen toxicity were among those seven subjects (p < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Diving', 'Humans', 'Hypercapnia', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Perception', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,450 | Does combined skin prick and patch testing enhance identification of peanut-allergic patients with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Food atopy patch tests (APTs) are considered a useful tool for the diagnosis of food allergy. Hypersensitivity to peanuts has not been investigated by means of APTs so far.",
"APTs and skin prick tests (SPTs) with peanuts were performed in 136 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Relevance of positive and negative responses to these tests was assessed by repeated open challenges with peanuts.",
"Nine percent of our AD patients reacted to the challenge. Positive responses to APTs were recorded in 19% of the patients, whereas in 12% positive SPTs were observed. APTs were more frequently positive in subjects with eczematous responses after challenge with respect to those with urticarial reactions. SPT reactivity proved to be higher in patients above 12 years of age, whereas APT positivity was more frequent in children under 6 years. APT sensitivity proved significantly higher than SPT sensitivity, in particular in children under 12 years of age. On the contrary, SPT specificity and positive predictive value were significantly higher with respect to those of APT in the age group of subjects under 6 years of age."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Patch Tests",
"Peanut Hypersensitivity",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Skin Tests"
]
} | Our data suggest that APTs with peanuts may represent a useful integration to standard testing modalities employed for the diagnosis of peanut allergy in AD patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does combined skin prick and patch testing enhance identification of peanut-allergic patients with atopic dermatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Food atopy patch tests (APTs) are considered a useful tool for the diagnosis of food allergy. Hypersensitivity to peanuts has not been investigated by means of APTs so far.', 'APTs and skin prick tests (SPTs) with peanuts were performed in 136 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Relevance of positive and negative responses to these tests was assessed by repeated open challenges with peanuts.', 'Nine percent of our AD patients reacted to the challenge. Positive responses to APTs were recorded in 19% of the patients, whereas in 12% positive SPTs were observed. APTs were more frequently positive in subjects with eczematous responses after challenge with respect to those with urticarial reactions. SPT reactivity proved to be higher in patients above 12 years of age, whereas APT positivity was more frequent in children under 6 years. APT sensitivity proved significantly higher than SPT sensitivity, in particular in children under 12 years of age. On the contrary, SPT specificity and positive predictive value were significantly higher with respect to those of APT in the age group of subjects under 6 years of age.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patch Tests', 'Peanut Hypersensitivity', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Skin Tests']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,503 | Does direct contact between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal fibroblasts facilitate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell-to-cell interaction is thought to be an important feature of a variety of biological processes. As far as the proinflammatory process is concerned, the interaction between mesangial cells and monocytes/macrophages induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and this may play a role in glomerulonephritis. In this study, we investigated whether the cell-to-cell interaction between immune cells and renal fibroblasts induces MCP-1 gene expression, which may be involved in interstitial inflammation in the kidney.",
"Human renal fibroblast cell lines, tNKF (from a normal kidney) and tFKIF (from a kidney with fibrosis), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to assess the effect of cell-to-cell contact on the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in the fibroblasts. The expression of the MCP-1 gene in the fibroblasts was also examined after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the culture supernatant from PBMC. RT-PCR was used to detect MCP-1 mRNA expression. Neutralizing antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were used to block the cell-to-cell contact between the fibroblasts and PBMC.",
"TNF-alpha and the culture supernatant from PBMC increased MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells. Contact culture with PBMC also significantly increased MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells. Although the basal level of MCP-1 mRNA was higher in tFKIF than tNKF cells, tFKIF cells did not respond significantly to any stimulation in this study. Following pretreatment with anti-ICAM-1 antibody, MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells was significantly suppressed in contact culture with PBMC. Anti-VCAM-1 antibody treatment had no effects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies",
"Cell Communication",
"Cell Line",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Fibroblasts",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1",
"Kidney",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1"
]
} | It is suggested that the interaction between renal fibroblasts and PBMC was mediated through direct contact and by secreted humoral factors. ICAM-1 on renal fibroblasts may be involved in the direct cell-to-cell interaction inducing MCP-1 gene expression, which seems to be involved in renal interstitial inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does direct contact between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal fibroblasts facilitate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cell-to-cell interaction is thought to be an important feature of a variety of biological processes. As far as the proinflammatory process is concerned, the interaction between mesangial cells and monocytes/macrophages induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and this may play a role in glomerulonephritis. In this study, we investigated whether the cell-to-cell interaction between immune cells and renal fibroblasts induces MCP-1 gene expression, which may be involved in interstitial inflammation in the kidney.', 'Human renal fibroblast cell lines, tNKF (from a normal kidney) and tFKIF (from a kidney with fibrosis), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to assess the effect of cell-to-cell contact on the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in the fibroblasts. The expression of the MCP-1 gene in the fibroblasts was also examined after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the culture supernatant from PBMC. RT-PCR was used to detect MCP-1 mRNA expression. Neutralizing antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were used to block the cell-to-cell contact between the fibroblasts and PBMC.', 'TNF-alpha and the culture supernatant from PBMC increased MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells. Contact culture with PBMC also significantly increased MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells. Although the basal level of MCP-1 mRNA was higher in tFKIF than tNKF cells, tFKIF cells did not respond significantly to any stimulation in this study. Following pretreatment with anti-ICAM-1 antibody, MCP-1 gene expression in tNKF cells was significantly suppressed in contact culture with PBMC. Anti-VCAM-1 antibody treatment had no effects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Kidney', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,951 | Does progesterone influence vascular function in postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"The protective functions of oestrogen therapy alone on cardiovascular risk parameters are well established; however, the action of progesterone on vascular parameters in an oestrogen-deprived environment is less clear.",
"To examine the effects of progesterone alone on vascular function and hormone levels in postmenopausal women.",
"In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study, 20 healthy postmenopausal women were tested before and after 6 weeks of treatment with micronized progesterone (100 mg/daily) and matching placebo.",
"Tests included measurement of sex hormones and gonadatropin levels, lipids and measures of surrogate markers of vascular function including, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, systemic arterial compliance and cutaneous vascular reactivity.",
"The mean (+/- SEM) age of subjects was 56.4 +/- 2.7 years and the average body mass index at the baseline visit was 27.1 +/- 1.0 kg/m2. Progesterone levels increased as a result of progesterone treatment (0.9 +/- 0.2 to 9.5 +/- 2.3 nmol/l, P = 0.001), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased (75.1 +/- 11.4 to 67.6 +/- 10.0, P = 0.001). Systemic arterial compliance, flow mediated dilation, cutaneous vascular reactivity, blood pressure, body mass index, plasma levels of cholesterol, lipids and oestrogen were unchanged."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Blood Pressure",
"Compliance",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipoproteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Progesterone",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | We conclude that progesterone given without oestrogen does not adversely affect vascular function in postmenopausal women. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does progesterone influence vascular function in postmenopausal women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The protective functions of oestrogen therapy alone on cardiovascular risk parameters are well established; however, the action of progesterone on vascular parameters in an oestrogen-deprived environment is less clear.', 'To examine the effects of progesterone alone on vascular function and hormone levels in postmenopausal women.', 'In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study, 20 healthy postmenopausal women were tested before and after 6 weeks of treatment with micronized progesterone (100 mg/daily) and matching placebo.', 'Tests included measurement of sex hormones and gonadatropin levels, lipids and measures of surrogate markers of vascular function including, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, systemic arterial compliance and cutaneous vascular reactivity.', 'The mean (+/- SEM) age of subjects was 56.4 +/- 2.7 years and the average body mass index at the baseline visit was 27.1 +/- 1.0 kg/m2. Progesterone levels increased as a result of progesterone treatment (0.9 +/- 0.2 to 9.5 +/- 2.3 nmol/l, P = 0.001), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased (75.1 +/- 11.4 to 67.6 +/- 10.0, P = 0.001). Systemic arterial compliance, flow mediated dilation, cutaneous vascular reactivity, blood pressure, body mass index, plasma levels of cholesterol, lipids and oestrogen were unchanged.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Compliance', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Progesterone', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,777,952 | Does hormone replacement therapy cause a decrease in hepatocyte growth factor in hypertensive women? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with blood pressure. We investigated whether the serum HGF level differs between hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women (PMW) and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alters the serum HGF level and blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive PMW.",
"Prospective observational study.",
"A total of 33 PMW with mild to moderate essential hypertension controlled by antihypertensive treatment (mean age, 57 +/- 6 years) and 23 normotensive PMW (mean age, 57 +/- 7 years) received continuous HRT (0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen combined with 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate) once a day orally for 12 months, and we measured serum HGF levels and blood pressure before and 12 months after the start of HRT.",
"The baseline serum HGF level was significantly higher in hypertensive PMW than in normotensive PMW. HRT significantly decreased the serum HGF level in hypertensive subjects, from 2.85 +/- 0.64 pmol/l to 2.49 +/- 0.65 pmol/l (P < 0.001), but not in normotensive subjects. HRT did not change blood pressure in either group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Blood Pressure",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Hepatocyte Growth Factor",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Serum HGF level before the start of HRT was higher in the hypertensive PMW than in the normotensive PMW. Furthermore, HRT decreases serum HGF without decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive PMW. The HRT-induced decrease in serum HGF was greater in hypertensive PMW than in normotensive PMW, and the decrease was independent of blood pressure changes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hormone replacement therapy cause a decrease in hepatocyte growth factor in hypertensive women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with blood pressure. We investigated whether the serum HGF level differs between hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women (PMW) and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alters the serum HGF level and blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive PMW.', 'Prospective observational study.', 'A total of 33 PMW with mild to moderate essential hypertension controlled by antihypertensive treatment (mean age, 57 +/- 6 years) and 23 normotensive PMW (mean age, 57 +/- 7 years) received continuous HRT (0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen combined with 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate) once a day orally for 12 months, and we measured serum HGF levels and blood pressure before and 12 months after the start of HRT.', 'The baseline serum HGF level was significantly higher in hypertensive PMW than in normotensive PMW. HRT significantly decreased the serum HGF level in hypertensive subjects, from 2.85 +/- 0.64 pmol/l to 2.49 +/- 0.65 pmol/l (P < 0.001), but not in normotensive subjects. HRT did not change blood pressure in either group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Medroxyprogesterone Acetate', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,278 | Does red pepper attenuate cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"The current study was conducted to examine the effect of red pepper supplementation on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, along with its anti-atherosclerotic effect in cholesterol-fed rabbits.",
"Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, including a 1% red pepper powder supplement.",
"The red pepper supplemented group exhibited significantly lower CETP activity than the control group during the experimental period (P<0.05). The total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, VLDL-C, and VLDL-TG levels and atherogenic index (AI) were all significantly lower in the red pepper group than in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the HDL-C level was significantly higher in the red pepper group than in the control group during the experimental period (P<0.05). Furthermore, the red pepper supplementation increased the fecal TG excretion (P<0.05). Based on a morphological examination, the red pepper supplemented group exhibited fewer fat droplet deposits than the control group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Arteriosclerosis",
"Body Weight",
"Capsicum",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins",
"Cholesterol Esters",
"Feces",
"Glycoproteins",
"Hypolipidemic Agents",
"Lipids",
"Lipoproteins",
"Liver",
"Organ Size",
"Rabbits",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | The current results suggest that red pepper attenuates atherosclerosis, plus plasma CETP would appear to be a risk marker of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does red pepper attenuate cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The current study was conducted to examine the effect of red pepper supplementation on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, along with its anti-atherosclerotic effect in cholesterol-fed rabbits.', 'Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, including a 1% red pepper powder supplement.', 'The red pepper supplemented group exhibited significantly lower CETP activity than the control group during the experimental period (P<0.05). The total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, VLDL-C, and VLDL-TG levels and atherogenic index (AI) were all significantly lower in the red pepper group than in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the HDL-C level was significantly higher in the red pepper group than in the control group during the experimental period (P<0.05). Furthermore, the red pepper supplementation increased the fecal TG excretion (P<0.05). Based on a morphological examination, the red pepper supplemented group exhibited fewer fat droplet deposits than the control group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Body Weight', 'Capsicum', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Feces', 'Glycoproteins', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Liver', 'Organ Size', 'Rabbits', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,567 | Do anterior hypothalamic lesions inhibit antigen-induced airway eosinophilia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although previous studies have found that electrolytic lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) resulted in the suppression of anaphylaxis, their effect on late allergic responses has scarcely been investigated. To clarify the role of the AHA on possible late asthmatic responses, including their neuroendocrinological mechanisms, we examined the effect of electrolytic AHA lesions on antigen-induced eosinophilic infiltration into the airway tract and measured the plasma corticosterone and catecholamine levels in sensitized rats, i.e. a model of bronchial asthma.",
"The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including: (1) an unoperated control group; (2) a sham AHA-lesioned group and (3) an AHA-lesioned group. Then, we investigated antigen-induced eosinophilic infiltration into right bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lamina propria mucosae of the left main bronchus.",
"The AHA-lesioned group showed the significantly lowest number of eosinophils in both the BALF (p < 0.01) and the main bronchus (p < 0.05). The plasma adrenaline levels in the AHA-lesioned group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the plasma corticosterone or noradrenaline levels among the 3 groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anaphylaxis",
"Animals",
"Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus",
"Antigens",
"Asthma",
"Catecholamines",
"Corticosterone",
"Denervation",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Male",
"Neuroimmunomodulation",
"Pulmonary Eosinophilia",
"Rats",
"Sympathetic Nervous System"
]
} | This study provides evidence that AHA lesions inhibit not only anaphylaxis, but also late asthmatic response related to airway eosinophilic infiltration, possibly via an alteration of the sympathetic nervous function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do anterior hypothalamic lesions inhibit antigen-induced airway eosinophilia in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although previous studies have found that electrolytic lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) resulted in the suppression of anaphylaxis, their effect on late allergic responses has scarcely been investigated. To clarify the role of the AHA on possible late asthmatic responses, including their neuroendocrinological mechanisms, we examined the effect of electrolytic AHA lesions on antigen-induced eosinophilic infiltration into the airway tract and measured the plasma corticosterone and catecholamine levels in sensitized rats, i.e. a model of bronchial asthma.', 'The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including: (1) an unoperated control group; (2) a sham AHA-lesioned group and (3) an AHA-lesioned group. Then, we investigated antigen-induced eosinophilic infiltration into right bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lamina propria mucosae of the left main bronchus.', 'The AHA-lesioned group showed the significantly lowest number of eosinophils in both the BALF (p < 0.01) and the main bronchus (p < 0.05). The plasma adrenaline levels in the AHA-lesioned group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the plasma corticosterone or noradrenaline levels among the 3 groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anaphylaxis', 'Animals', 'Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Antigens', 'Asthma', 'Catecholamines', 'Corticosterone', 'Denervation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Male', 'Neuroimmunomodulation', 'Pulmonary Eosinophilia', 'Rats', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,338 | Is cytokeratin 20 a tissue-specific marker for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in the blood of colorectal cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical benefit of using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assays to detect circulating tumour cells during post-operative surveillance of cancer patients remains unclear. Cytokeratin 20 has been proposed as a tissue-specific marker for the detection of micrometastases in the blood of colorectal cancer patients. However, recent reports have challenged its specificity, and hence the validity of its use.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue-specificity of ck20 mRNA transcription and its use for detecting circulating colon epithelial cells.",
"RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 colorectal cancer patients, four patients with benign gastrointestinal disease and 42 healthy controls. In addition, it was prepared from 32 colorectal cancers, from a pituitary cancer, from normal kidney, liver, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and from 24 lymph nodes obtained from eight patients with benign gastrointestinal disease. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to quantitative and compare ck20 transcription.",
"Significant levels of ck20 mRNA were detected in all 42 blood samples from healthy volunteers and in all pre- and post-operative blood samples from colorectal cancer patients regardless of the presence of metastatic disease. It was also detected in all other mRNA samples analysed."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Epithelium",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intermediate Filament Proteins",
"Keratin-20",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplastic Cells, Circulating",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | The lack of colon tissue-specificity renders ck20 useless as a marker for the post-operative surveillance of colorectal cancer patients. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cytokeratin 20 a tissue-specific marker for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in the blood of colorectal cancer patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The clinical benefit of using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assays to detect circulating tumour cells during post-operative surveillance of cancer patients remains unclear. Cytokeratin 20 has been proposed as a tissue-specific marker for the detection of micrometastases in the blood of colorectal cancer patients. However, recent reports have challenged its specificity, and hence the validity of its use.', 'The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue-specificity of ck20 mRNA transcription and its use for detecting circulating colon epithelial cells.', 'RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 colorectal cancer patients, four patients with benign gastrointestinal disease and 42 healthy controls. In addition, it was prepared from 32 colorectal cancers, from a pituitary cancer, from normal kidney, liver, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and from 24 lymph nodes obtained from eight patients with benign gastrointestinal disease. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to quantitative and compare ck20 transcription.', 'Significant levels of ck20 mRNA were detected in all 42 blood samples from healthy volunteers and in all pre- and post-operative blood samples from colorectal cancer patients regardless of the presence of metastatic disease. It was also detected in all other mRNA samples analysed.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intermediate Filament Proteins', 'Keratin-20', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,777,914 | Does single dose of acetylsalicylic acid prevent thromboxane release after tourniquet ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia, such as that caused by a tourniquet, stimulates thromboxane (Tx) A(2) synthesis. TxA(2) might sensitize the operated limb to various complications, such as compartment syndrome and thromboembolic events.",
"We studied the effect of pretreatment with a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (25, 100, and 500 mg) given 3 hours before surgery on the formation of TxB(2), a stable metabolite of TxA(2), after tourniquet deflation in 32 knee or ankle surgery patients.",
"Tourniquet time varied between 60 +/- 8 to 71 +/- 7 (SE) minutes. In control patients without ASA pretreatment, the platelet-produced femoral vein serum TxB(2) concentration over 30 minutes in vitro coagulation increased remarkably (from 40.0 +/- 20 ng/mL to 73.5 +/- 39 ng/mL) immediately after tourniquet deflation. Plasma concentrations increased similarly, approximately threefold. Pretreatment with 100 or 500 mg ASA prevented the increase in TxB(2) concentrations. Radial artery concentrations of TxB(2) were similar to venous concentrations in the different treatment groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aspirin",
"Humans",
"Ischemia",
"Thromboxane B2",
"Tourniquets"
]
} | Pretreatment with a single 100-mg dose of ASA prevents the release of TxB(2) after tourniquet deflation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does single dose of acetylsalicylic acid prevent thromboxane release after tourniquet ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ischemia, such as that caused by a tourniquet, stimulates thromboxane (Tx) A(2) synthesis. TxA(2) might sensitize the operated limb to various complications, such as compartment syndrome and thromboembolic events.', 'We studied the effect of pretreatment with a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (25, 100, and 500 mg) given 3 hours before surgery on the formation of TxB(2), a stable metabolite of TxA(2), after tourniquet deflation in 32 knee or ankle surgery patients.', 'Tourniquet time varied between 60 +/- 8 to 71 +/- 7 (SE) minutes. In control patients without ASA pretreatment, the platelet-produced femoral vein serum TxB(2) concentration over 30 minutes in vitro coagulation increased remarkably (from 40.0 +/- 20 ng/mL to 73.5 +/- 39 ng/mL) immediately after tourniquet deflation. Plasma concentrations increased similarly, approximately threefold. Pretreatment with 100 or 500 mg ASA prevented the increase in TxB(2) concentrations. Radial artery concentrations of TxB(2) were similar to venous concentrations in the different treatment groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aspirin', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Thromboxane B2', 'Tourniquets']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,613 | Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft? | {
"contexts": [
"Human xenografts in athymic mice are frequently used as preclinical models of cancer to investigate the targeting of drugs. In order to distinguish specific from nonspecific targeting of the xenograft, the mice can be implanted with different malignant cell lines. We studied in xenograft success and growth rates after implantation of human lymphoma and breast cancer cells to begin an assessment of the validity of this approach for distinguishing specific from nonspecific targeting. Investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of two different cell-line xenografts, and prior radiation needed for one of the xenografts, on implantation success and growth rates.",
"Female athymic mice were given 4 Gy of external beam radiation 4 days prior to subcutaneous (s.c.) abdominal implantation of 6 x 10(6) Raji human lymphoma cells. One week later, 3 x 10(6) hamster blood transfusion (HBT) 3477 human breast cancer cells were implanted s.c. in a contralateral abdominal site. Xenografts were evaluated frequently thereafter. Xenograft success and growth rates were compared to those observed in \"historical\" control groups, wherein only a single xenograft of each type was implanted.",
"Raji xenografts developed from 73.7% of the implantations, and 100% of the HBT 3477 xenografts were successful in the experimental group. The \"historical\" Raji xenograft success rate was 74.1% (+/-9.3%), and the \"historical\" HBT 3477 xenografts success rate was 99.0% (+/-1.1%). HBT 3477 xenografts did not affect the growth rate of the Raji xenografts, and the mean doubling time for the experimental Raji xenografts was 6.3 days (+/-4.5 days), compared to the \"historical\" control group mean of 5.1 days (+/-3.9 days; p = 0.2). Similarly, the growth rates for the HBT 3477 xenografts were not affected by the Raji xenografts and the pre-radiation needed for this model. Mean doubling time for HBT 3477 xenografts in the presence of Raji xenografts was 9.2 days (+/-17.6 days), compared to a doubling time of 1.4 days (+/-15.2 days; p = 0.55 and 0.94 studies 1 and 2, respectively). Mean HBT 3477 xenograft doubling time for the \"historical\" control group was 4.4 days (+/-6.0 days)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Animals",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Burkitt Lymphoma",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kinetics",
"Mice",
"Mice, Nude",
"Neoplasm Transplantation",
"Transplantation, Heterologous"
]
} | Implantation of Raji xenografts and HBT 3477 breast cancer xenografts in the same mouse did not affect xenograft success or growth rates, even when whole-body radiation of 4 Gy was used to promote Raji xenografts. These observations are not intended to imply an absence of differences in other biological parameters in this sytem or to encourage extrapolation of the conclusions indiscriminately to other preclinical models. Contrarily, our aim was to encourage other investigators to further validate these frequently used approaches. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Human xenografts in athymic mice are frequently used as preclinical models of cancer to investigate the targeting of drugs. In order to distinguish specific from nonspecific targeting of the xenograft, the mice can be implanted with different malignant cell lines. We studied in xenograft success and growth rates after implantation of human lymphoma and breast cancer cells to begin an assessment of the validity of this approach for distinguishing specific from nonspecific targeting. Investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of two different cell-line xenografts, and prior radiation needed for one of the xenografts, on implantation success and growth rates.', 'Female athymic mice were given 4 Gy of external beam radiation 4 days prior to subcutaneous (s.c.) abdominal implantation of 6 x 10(6) Raji human lymphoma cells. One week later, 3 x 10(6) hamster blood transfusion (HBT) 3477 human breast cancer cells were implanted s.c. in a contralateral abdominal site. Xenografts were evaluated frequently thereafter. Xenograft success and growth rates were compared to those observed in \"historical\" control groups, wherein only a single xenograft of each type was implanted.', 'Raji xenografts developed from 73.7% of the implantations, and 100% of the HBT 3477 xenografts were successful in the experimental group. The \"historical\" Raji xenograft success rate was 74.1% (+/-9.3%), and the \"historical\" HBT 3477 xenografts success rate was 99.0% (+/-1.1%). HBT 3477 xenografts did not affect the growth rate of the Raji xenografts, and the mean doubling time for the experimental Raji xenografts was 6.3 days (+/-4.5 days), compared to the \"historical\" control group mean of 5.1 days (+/-3.9 days; p = 0.2). Similarly, the growth rates for the HBT 3477 xenografts were not affected by the Raji xenografts and the pre-radiation needed for this model. Mean doubling time for HBT 3477 xenografts in the presence of Raji xenografts was 9.2 days (+/-17.6 days), compared to a doubling time of 1.4 days (+/-15.2 days; p = 0.55 and 0.94 studies 1 and 2, respectively). Mean HBT 3477 xenograft doubling time for the \"historical\" control group was 4.4 days (+/-6.0 days).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,400,044 | Does calcium supplementation for 1 y reduce body weight or fat mass in young girls? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence from observational studies indicates that a high calcium intake may reduce body weight and body fat. However, few randomized trials have been conducted.",
"We examined whether calcium supplementation affects body weight and body fat in young girls and whether a relation exists between habitual calcium intake and body weight and body fat.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 110 young girls. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg Ca/d as calcium carbonate or placebo for 1 y. Two groups of girls were selected according to habitual calcium intake from a large group; one group consumed 1000-1304 mg/d (40th-60th percentile; n = 60) and the other group consumed <713 mg/d (<20th percentile; n = 50). Height, body weight, body fat, and calcium intake were measured at baseline and after 1 y.",
"At baseline a significant negative correlation was observed between habitual dietary calcium intake and percentage of body fat (r = -0.242, P = 0.011). However, calcium supplementation had no effect on height, body weight, or percentage body fat."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adolescent",
"Body Composition",
"Body Height",
"Body Weight",
"Calcium",
"Calcium, Dietary",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Vitamin D"
]
} | Habitual dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with body fat, but a low-dose calcium supplement had no effect on body weight, height, or body fat over 1 y in young girls. It is possible that the effect of calcium on body weight is only exerted if it is ingested as part of a meal, or the effect may be due to other ingredients in dairy products, and calcium may simply be a marker for a high dairy intake. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does calcium supplementation for 1 y reduce body weight or fat mass in young girls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accumulating evidence from observational studies indicates that a high calcium intake may reduce body weight and body fat. However, few randomized trials have been conducted.', 'We examined whether calcium supplementation affects body weight and body fat in young girls and whether a relation exists between habitual calcium intake and body weight and body fat.', 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 110 young girls. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg Ca/d as calcium carbonate or placebo for 1 y. Two groups of girls were selected according to habitual calcium intake from a large group; one group consumed 1000-1304 mg/d (40th-60th percentile; n = 60) and the other group consumed <713 mg/d (<20th percentile; n = 50). Height, body weight, body fat, and calcium intake were measured at baseline and after 1 y.', 'At baseline a significant negative correlation was observed between habitual dietary calcium intake and percentage of body fat (r = -0.242, P = 0.011). However, calcium supplementation had no effect on height, body weight, or percentage body fat.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Body Composition', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Calcium', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Vitamin D']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,372,800 | Are baseline serum levels of mast cell tryptase raised in hemodialysis patients and associated with severity of pruritus? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathogenesis of pruritus in renal disease is not yet understood. Evidence suggests that mast cells play a role; for example, the number of dermal mast cells is increased in patients on hemodialysis.",
"To investigate a possible role of mast cell tryptase in pruritus of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, serum mast cell tryptase concentrations were measured in blood samples taken from 93 such patients, 53 of whom also recorded the severity of their pruritus on a visual analogue scale.",
"Serum mast cell tryptase levels were above 11.4 microg/l (95th percentile) in 84 of 93 hemodialysis patients (90.3 %). The intensity of pruritus correlated significantly (p = 0.014) with the tryptase levels, an associated not yet shown for other mast cell-related parameters."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pruritus",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Serine Endopeptidases",
"Tryptases"
]
} | Mast cells or even tryptase itself may be involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus of hemodialysis patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are baseline serum levels of mast cell tryptase raised in hemodialysis patients and associated with severity of pruritus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The pathogenesis of pruritus in renal disease is not yet understood. Evidence suggests that mast cells play a role; for example, the number of dermal mast cells is increased in patients on hemodialysis.', 'To investigate a possible role of mast cell tryptase in pruritus of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, serum mast cell tryptase concentrations were measured in blood samples taken from 93 such patients, 53 of whom also recorded the severity of their pruritus on a visual analogue scale.', 'Serum mast cell tryptase levels were above 11.4 microg/l (95th percentile) in 84 of 93 hemodialysis patients (90.3 %). The intensity of pruritus correlated significantly (p = 0.014) with the tryptase levels, an associated not yet shown for other mast cell-related parameters.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pruritus', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Tryptases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,651 | Does nitrous oxide depress electroencephalographic responses to repetitive noxious stimulation in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Although N(2)O has been widely used as an anaesthetic adjuvant its effect on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is poorly understood because it is usually studied in the presence of additional anaesthetics, including inhaled anaesthetics. We examined the EEG effects of N(2)O in rats using a hyperbaric chamber that permitted N(2)O to be the sole anaesthetic.",
"Rats (n=10) were anaesthetized with isoflurane and EEG activity was recorded from skull screws. The rats were placed into a hyperbaric chamber and mechanically ventilated. Isoflurane was eliminated while the chamber was pressurized with N(2)O. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in five rats by adjusting the chamber pressure and N(2)O concentration, and applying a tetanic noxious stimulus to the tail via an electrical pass-through. EEG responses to noxious stimulation (20 electrical pulses at 40 V applied to the tail at 0.1, 1 and 3 Hz, and 50 Hz tetanic stimulation at 60 mA applied for 30 s) were determined at 1.5 and 2 atm N(2)O.",
"The N(2)O MAC was 1.7+/-0.1 atm. No consistent EEG activation occurred during electrical stimulation at either partial pressure of N(2)O, although spontaneous EEG activation often occurred. Blood pressure increased after the 3 and 50 Hz stimuli. Four other rats anaesthetized with isoflurane had EEG activation with the 3 and 50 Hz stimuli."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electroencephalography",
"Isoflurane",
"Male",
"Nitrous Oxide",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | These data indicate that N(2)O at peri-MAC partial pressures prevents EEG activation resulting from noxious electrical stimulation. Unlike the situation with isoflurane, stimulus-evoked EEG activation did not occur at peri-MAC anaesthetic concentrations, suggesting that N(2)O potently blocked ascending nociceptive transmission. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nitrous oxide depress electroencephalographic responses to repetitive noxious stimulation in the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although N(2)O has been widely used as an anaesthetic adjuvant its effect on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is poorly understood because it is usually studied in the presence of additional anaesthetics, including inhaled anaesthetics. We examined the EEG effects of N(2)O in rats using a hyperbaric chamber that permitted N(2)O to be the sole anaesthetic.', 'Rats (n=10) were anaesthetized with isoflurane and EEG activity was recorded from skull screws. The rats were placed into a hyperbaric chamber and mechanically ventilated. Isoflurane was eliminated while the chamber was pressurized with N(2)O. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in five rats by adjusting the chamber pressure and N(2)O concentration, and applying a tetanic noxious stimulus to the tail via an electrical pass-through. EEG responses to noxious stimulation (20 electrical pulses at 40 V applied to the tail at 0.1, 1 and 3 Hz, and 50 Hz tetanic stimulation at 60 mA applied for 30 s) were determined at 1.5 and 2 atm N(2)O.', 'The N(2)O MAC was 1.7+/-0.1 atm. No consistent EEG activation occurred during electrical stimulation at either partial pressure of N(2)O, although spontaneous EEG activation often occurred. Blood pressure increased after the 3 and 50 Hz stimuli. Four other rats anaesthetized with isoflurane had EEG activation with the 3 and 50 Hz stimuli.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electroencephalography', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,706 | Does infliximab therapy modify MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations in chronic arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) play a key role in tissue remodelling after processes such as joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Their expression may reflect the disease activity and they could therefore represent a useful marker to assess the efficacy of therapy. In this study MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum were evaluated in patients with chronic arthritis during therapy with the anti-TNFalpha mAb, infliximab.",
"Fifty patients with chronic arthritis, 26 with rheumatoid arthritis and 24 with undifferentiated chronic arthritis, were recruited and treated with infliximab (3 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were serially measured by gelatine zymography at baseline and after two and fourteen weeks of infliximab therapy. DAS-28 and ACR response criteria were applied to assess disease activity and clinical improvement. Twenty-four healthy donors were included in the study as controls.",
"Although therapy with infliximab induced a statistically significant reduction of the DAS-28 score and improvement of the ACR clinical response, MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations were not modulated during therapy with infliximab."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antirheumatic Agents",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Biomarkers",
"Chronic Disease",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infliximab",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Middle Aged",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Our study provides further evidence that blocking TNFalpha by infliximab is a powerful tool in the management of chronic arthritis. Nevertheless, infliximab does not seem to be able to modify the serum expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, probably because modification of these enzymes is restricted to the site of joint inflammation and serum detection can not truly mirror the local situation. Additional soluble factors correlating with joint damage should be investigated as possible markers for monitoring anti-TNFalpha therapy. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does infliximab therapy modify MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations in chronic arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) play a key role in tissue remodelling after processes such as joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Their expression may reflect the disease activity and they could therefore represent a useful marker to assess the efficacy of therapy. In this study MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum were evaluated in patients with chronic arthritis during therapy with the anti-TNFalpha mAb, infliximab.', 'Fifty patients with chronic arthritis, 26 with rheumatoid arthritis and 24 with undifferentiated chronic arthritis, were recruited and treated with infliximab (3 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were serially measured by gelatine zymography at baseline and after two and fourteen weeks of infliximab therapy. DAS-28 and ACR response criteria were applied to assess disease activity and clinical improvement. Twenty-four healthy donors were included in the study as controls.', 'Although therapy with infliximab induced a statistically significant reduction of the DAS-28 score and improvement of the ACR clinical response, MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations were not modulated during therapy with infliximab.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Biomarkers', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infliximab', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,398,894 | Is late-life anemia associated with increased risk of recurrent falls? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether anemia is associated with a higher incidence of recurrent falls.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"Community-dwelling sample in The Netherlands.",
"Three hundred ninety-four participants aged 65 to 88 from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.",
"Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria as a hemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in men. Falls were prospectively determined using fall calendars that participants filled out weekly for 3 years. Recurrent fallers were identified as those who fell at least two times within 6 months during the 3-year follow-up.",
"Of the 394 persons, 11.9% (18 women and 29 men) had anemia. The incidence of recurrent falls was 38.3% of anemic persons versus 19.6% of nonanemic persons (P=.004). After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and diseases, anemia was significantly associated with a 1.91 times greater risk for recurrent falls (95% confidence interval=1.09-3.36). Poor physical function (indicated by muscle strength, physical performance, and limitations) partly mediated the association between anemia and incidence of recurrent falls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anemia",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Netherlands",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Recurrence",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Late-life anemia is common and associated with twice the risk of recurrent falls. Muscle weakness and poor physical performance appear to partly mediate this association. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is late-life anemia associated with increased risk of recurrent falls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine whether anemia is associated with a higher incidence of recurrent falls.', 'Prospective cohort study.', 'Community-dwelling sample in The Netherlands.', 'Three hundred ninety-four participants aged 65 to 88 from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.', 'Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria as a hemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in men. Falls were prospectively determined using fall calendars that participants filled out weekly for 3 years. Recurrent fallers were identified as those who fell at least two times within 6 months during the 3-year follow-up.', 'Of the 394 persons, 11.9% (18 women and 29 men) had anemia. The incidence of recurrent falls was 38.3% of anemic persons versus 19.6% of nonanemic persons (P=.004). After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and diseases, anemia was significantly associated with a 1.91 times greater risk for recurrent falls (95% confidence interval=1.09-3.36). Poor physical function (indicated by muscle strength, physical performance, and limitations) partly mediated the association between anemia and incidence of recurrent falls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,895 | Is body mass index inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the individual and combined influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality risk in older people.",
"Longitudinal cohort study.",
"Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in older people.",
"Five thousand two hundred men and women aged 65 and older.",
"BMI and WC were measured at baseline. The risks of all-cause mortality associated with BMI and WC were examined using Cox proportional hazards models over 9 years of follow-up.",
"When examined individually, BMI and WC were both negative predictors of mortality, but when BMI and WC were examined simultaneously, BMI was a negative predictor of mortality, whereas WC was a positive predictor of mortality. After controlling for WC, mortality risk decreased 21% for every standard deviation increase in BMI. After controlling for BMI, mortality risk increased 13% for every standard deviation increase in WC. The patterns of associations were consistent by sex, age, and disease status."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Body Constitution",
"Body Mass Index",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Mortality",
"Obesity",
"Overweight",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Risk Factors",
"United States"
]
} | Higher BMI values indicated a lower mortality risk once the risk attributable to WC was accounted for, whereas higher WC values indicate a higher mortality risk once the risk attributable to BMI was accounted for. Both BMI and WC should be measured in the clinical setting, but in older adults higher BMI is associated with lower mortality rates. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is body mass index inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the individual and combined influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality risk in older people.', 'Longitudinal cohort study.', 'Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in older people.', 'Five thousand two hundred men and women aged 65 and older.', 'BMI and WC were measured at baseline. The risks of all-cause mortality associated with BMI and WC were examined using Cox proportional hazards models over 9 years of follow-up.', 'When examined individually, BMI and WC were both negative predictors of mortality, but when BMI and WC were examined simultaneously, BMI was a negative predictor of mortality, whereas WC was a positive predictor of mortality. After controlling for WC, mortality risk decreased 21% for every standard deviation increase in BMI. After controlling for BMI, mortality risk increased 13% for every standard deviation increase in WC. The patterns of associations were consistent by sex, age, and disease status.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,369,988 | Do dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Advances in imaging technology have enhanced the detection of small nodular lesions during the course of chronic liver disease.",
"Between 1995 and 2002, the authors examined 154 consecutive patients with small hepatic nodules without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over a median duration of 2.8 years. The median size of these nodules was 14 mm (range, 7-40 mm). The initial histopathologic diagnosis included high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN) (n=13), low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN) (n=42), and regenerative nodule (RN) (n=99).",
"A total of 29 (18.8%) nodules developed into HCC during the observation period. Cumulative HCC development rates at the first, third, and fifth year were 46.2%, 61.5%, and 80.8% for HGDN; 2.6%, 30.2%, and 36.6% for LGDN; and 3.3%, 9.7%, and 12.4% for RN, respectively. The rate of HCC development was significantly higher in the HGDN group than for other types (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis disclosed that histopathologic diagnosis (P<0.001) and findings on computed tomographic arterial portography (CT-AP) (P=0.004) were significantly associated with future HCC development. The hazard ratios of HGDN and LGDN were 16.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.19-45.6) and 2.96 (95% CI, 1.20-7.31), respectively. A decrease in portal blood flow also showed a significantly high hazard ratio of 3.04 (95% CI, 1.42-6.50). Approximate annual development rate to HCC was 20% in patients with HGDN and 10% in LGDN."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hepatitis, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Portal Vein",
"Portography",
"Precancerous Conditions",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | HGDN should be considered a precancerous lesion when it appears during follow-up of chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis. Reduced portal blood flow in the nodule on computed tomography-AP is also an important predictor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Advances in imaging technology have enhanced the detection of small nodular lesions during the course of chronic liver disease.', 'Between 1995 and 2002, the authors examined 154 consecutive patients with small hepatic nodules without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over a median duration of 2.8 years. The median size of these nodules was 14 mm (range, 7-40 mm). The initial histopathologic diagnosis included high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN) (n=13), low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN) (n=42), and regenerative nodule (RN) (n=99).', 'A total of 29 (18.8%) nodules developed into HCC during the observation period. Cumulative HCC development rates at the first, third, and fifth year were 46.2%, 61.5%, and 80.8% for HGDN; 2.6%, 30.2%, and 36.6% for LGDN; and 3.3%, 9.7%, and 12.4% for RN, respectively. The rate of HCC development was significantly higher in the HGDN group than for other types (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis disclosed that histopathologic diagnosis (P<0.001) and findings on computed tomographic arterial portography (CT-AP) (P=0.004) were significantly associated with future HCC development. The hazard ratios of HGDN and LGDN were 16.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.19-45.6) and 2.96 (95% CI, 1.20-7.31), respectively. A decrease in portal blood flow also showed a significantly high hazard ratio of 3.04 (95% CI, 1.42-6.50). Approximate annual development rate to HCC was 20% in patients with HGDN and 10% in LGDN.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Portal Vein', 'Portography', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,331 | Is a positive orientation toward early motherhood associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth? | {
"contexts": [
"Characterizing young women's willingness to enter motherhood is critical to understanding the high rates of unintended pregnancy among women under 20 years. Our objectives were to discuss a measure called Positive Orientation towards Early Motherhood (POEM), and investigate its association with self-reported unintended pregnancy experience.",
"We used data from 332 African-American women 13-19 years old recruited at public family planning and prenatal clinics in New Orleans. Using a series of ANOVAs and multinomial logistic regression, we assessed differences in POEM between four different outcome groups: women who were never pregnant and those who had only intended pregnancies, only unintended pregnancies and both unintended and intended pregnancies.",
"The data suggested that young women perceive pregnancy as an opportunity to assert responsibility, become closer with their families and achieve greater intimacy with their boyfriends. Multiple regression analysis indicated that this positive orientation toward early motherhood independently raised the likelihood that young women experienced unintended pregnancies. In particular, the perception that a pregnancy makes a young woman feel more responsible was associated with an increased likelihood that a young woman had only unintended pregnancies compared to no pregnancies at all. Interestingly, this perception did not differentiate young women who had only intended pregnancies from those who were never pregnant."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Attitude",
"Data Collection",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Louisiana",
"Mothers",
"Parenting",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy, Unplanned",
"United States",
"Urban Population"
]
} | When interpreting reports of unintended pregnancy, more attention should be given to young women's orientation toward early motherhood. Doing so will inform policies that address both personal and structural factors that contribute to persistently high rates of unintended pregnancy among adolescents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a positive orientation toward early motherhood associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Characterizing young women's willingness to enter motherhood is critical to understanding the high rates of unintended pregnancy among women under 20 years. Our objectives were to discuss a measure called Positive Orientation towards Early Motherhood (POEM), and investigate its association with self-reported unintended pregnancy experience.\", 'We used data from 332 African-American women 13-19 years old recruited at public family planning and prenatal clinics in New Orleans. Using a series of ANOVAs and multinomial logistic regression, we assessed differences in POEM between four different outcome groups: women who were never pregnant and those who had only intended pregnancies, only unintended pregnancies and both unintended and intended pregnancies.', 'The data suggested that young women perceive pregnancy as an opportunity to assert responsibility, become closer with their families and achieve greater intimacy with their boyfriends. Multiple regression analysis indicated that this positive orientation toward early motherhood independently raised the likelihood that young women experienced unintended pregnancies. In particular, the perception that a pregnancy makes a young woman feel more responsible was associated with an increased likelihood that a young woman had only unintended pregnancies compared to no pregnancies at all. Interestingly, this perception did not differentiate young women who had only intended pregnancies from those who were never pregnant.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Louisiana', 'Mothers', 'Parenting', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Unplanned', 'United States', 'Urban Population']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,599 | Does short-term soy and probiotic supplementation markedly affect concentrations of reproductive hormones in postmenopausal women with and without histories of breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Observational studies suggest that dietary isoflavones reduce breast cancer risk, and this may be caused in part by effects on endogenous hormone concentrations. Because intestinal bacteria metabolize isoflavones, it was hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would enhance the biologic effects of isoflavones, including effects on endogenous hormones.",
"Twenty (20) postmenopausal breast cancer survivors and 20 healthy postmenopausal women completed four 42-day diet periods in a randomized, crossover design. They received one of the following: isolated soy protein; isolated milk protein; soy + probiotic capsules; or milk + probiotic capsules. Each protein supplement provided 0.38 g protein/(kg body weight/day) (26.6 +/- 4.5 g protein/day) and soy protein provided 0.64 mg isoflavones/(kg body weight/day) (44.4 +/- 7.5 mg isoflavones/day). Probiotic capsules provided 10(9) colony-forming units Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain DDS-1), Bifidobacterium longum, and 15-20 mg fructo-oligosaccharide.",
"Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after each diet for analysis of estrogens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, and sex hormone?binding globulin (SHBG).",
"Hormone levels were not affected by soy, probiotic supplements, or equol producer status, and neither cancer status nor equol producer status altered the effects of soy or probiotics. Furthermore probiotics did not alter the effects of soy consumption. Soy protein tended to decrease SHBG compared to milk protein diets (p = 0.05), although both proteins significantly decreased SHBG relative to baseline (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Female",
"Gonadal Hormones",
"Humans",
"Isoflavones",
"Middle Aged",
"Milk Proteins",
"Phytoestrogens",
"Postmenopause",
"Probiotics",
"Soybean Proteins"
]
} | These data suggest that short-term, moderate consumption of isoflavone-containing soy protein and consumption of these particular probiotic capsules do not significantly alter reproductive hormone concentrations in breast cancer survivors or controls, regardless of equol producer status. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does short-term soy and probiotic supplementation markedly affect concentrations of reproductive hormones in postmenopausal women with and without histories of breast cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Observational studies suggest that dietary isoflavones reduce breast cancer risk, and this may be caused in part by effects on endogenous hormone concentrations. Because intestinal bacteria metabolize isoflavones, it was hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would enhance the biologic effects of isoflavones, including effects on endogenous hormones.', 'Twenty (20) postmenopausal breast cancer survivors and 20 healthy postmenopausal women completed four 42-day diet periods in a randomized, crossover design. They received one of the following: isolated soy protein; isolated milk protein; soy + probiotic capsules; or milk + probiotic capsules. Each protein supplement provided 0.38 g protein/(kg body weight/day) (26.6 +/- 4.5 g protein/day) and soy protein provided 0.64 mg isoflavones/(kg body weight/day) (44.4 +/- 7.5 mg isoflavones/day). Probiotic capsules provided 10(9) colony-forming units Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain DDS-1), Bifidobacterium longum, and 15-20 mg fructo-oligosaccharide.', 'Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after each diet for analysis of estrogens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, and sex hormone?binding globulin (SHBG).', 'Hormone levels were not affected by soy, probiotic supplements, or equol producer status, and neither cancer status nor equol producer status altered the effects of soy or probiotics. Furthermore probiotics did not alter the effects of soy consumption. Soy protein tended to decrease SHBG compared to milk protein diets (p = 0.05), although both proteins significantly decreased SHBG relative to baseline (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Female', 'Gonadal Hormones', 'Humans', 'Isoflavones', 'Middle Aged', 'Milk Proteins', 'Phytoestrogens', 'Postmenopause', 'Probiotics', 'Soybean Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,398,598 | Do polyphenol contents in grape-seed extracts correlate with antipica effects in cisplatin-treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Grape-seed (Vitis spp.) extract (GSE) is a widely used antioxidant dietary supplement. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin induce oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract and cause nausea and vomiting.",
"A rat model of simulated emesis was used to observe that cisplatin significantly increased kaolin consumption (or pica). Three GSEs from different sources were used in this study.",
"High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of five major constituents (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechi, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin gallate) revealed that each constituent had different levels in the three GSEs. Extract #1, prepared in the laboratory of the investigators, had the lowest total polyphenol content (27.27 mg/g); Extract #2, obtained from a dietary supplement company in the United States, had a somewhat higher level (35.84 mg/g); and Extract #3, obtained from China, had the highest level (194.21 mg/g). Subsequently these GSEs were intraperitoneally administered in rats to evaluate their ability to decreasing cisplatin induced pica. At 10 mg/kg all three GSEs, with varying degrees of effect, decreased cisplatin-induced pica. The areas under the curves of kaolin intake from time 0 to 72 hours, compared to those in the cisplantin-only group, were reduced 45% for Extract #1 (p < 0.01), 54% for Extract #2 (p < 0.01), and 66% Extract #3 (p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antiemetics",
"Antioxidants",
"Area Under Curve",
"Cisplatin",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Flavonoids",
"Male",
"Nausea",
"Phenols",
"Phytotherapy",
"Pica",
"Plant Extracts",
"Polyphenols",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Seeds",
"Vitis",
"Vomiting"
]
} | The study data showed variable polyphenol contents and proportions in the three GSEs correlated to variable pharmacologic effects, indicating the importance of standardization of herbal product preparations. However further increasing of the GSE doses reversed the antipica effects of GSEs, probably because of their pro-oxidant effects. Results from this study suggest that an appropriate dose of GSE has therapeutic value in treating cisplatin-induced emesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do polyphenol contents in grape-seed extracts correlate with antipica effects in cisplatin-treated rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Grape-seed (Vitis spp.) extract (GSE) is a widely used antioxidant dietary supplement. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin induce oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract and cause nausea and vomiting.', 'A rat model of simulated emesis was used to observe that cisplatin significantly increased kaolin consumption (or pica). Three GSEs from different sources were used in this study.', 'High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of five major constituents (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechi, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin gallate) revealed that each constituent had different levels in the three GSEs. Extract #1, prepared in the laboratory of the investigators, had the lowest total polyphenol content (27.27 mg/g); Extract #2, obtained from a dietary supplement company in the United States, had a somewhat higher level (35.84 mg/g); and Extract #3, obtained from China, had the highest level (194.21 mg/g). Subsequently these GSEs were intraperitoneally administered in rats to evaluate their ability to decreasing cisplatin induced pica. At 10 mg/kg all three GSEs, with varying degrees of effect, decreased cisplatin-induced pica. The areas under the curves of kaolin intake from time 0 to 72 hours, compared to those in the cisplantin-only group, were reduced 45% for Extract #1 (p < 0.01), 54% for Extract #2 (p < 0.01), and 66% Extract #3 (p < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antiemetics', 'Antioxidants', 'Area Under Curve', 'Cisplatin', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Flavonoids', 'Male', 'Nausea', 'Phenols', 'Phytotherapy', 'Pica', 'Plant Extracts', 'Polyphenols', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Seeds', 'Vitis', 'Vomiting']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,087 | Are distal adenomatous polyps rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of left sided adenomas in patients with IBD aged 55-64 years with a local age matched control population.",
"A review of clinical notes. The prevalence of adenomas in patients with IBD attending for either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was compared with local age matched controls that participated in the national screening trial for colorectal cancer with flexible sigmoidoscopy.",
"Of 106 patients (61 male, 45 female, mean age of 59 years), 80 suffered from ulcerative colitis, 20 from Crohn's disease, and six from indeterminate colitis. All patients had undergone at least one flexible sigmoidoscopy and 75 had a colonoscopy. Distal adenomas were found in three patients with ulcerative colitis compared with 67 of 749 controls (2.8% v 8.9%, chi(2) = 4.6, p = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenomatous Polyps",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Azathioprine",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases",
"Male",
"Mesalamine",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | The results suggest that distal adenomatous polyps are rare in patients aged 55-64 years with IBD compared with a control population. This supports the hypothesis that lesions other than polyps are important for the development of colorectal cancer in patients with IBD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are distal adenomatous polyps rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of left sided adenomas in patients with IBD aged 55-64 years with a local age matched control population.', 'A review of clinical notes. The prevalence of adenomas in patients with IBD attending for either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was compared with local age matched controls that participated in the national screening trial for colorectal cancer with flexible sigmoidoscopy.', \"Of 106 patients (61 male, 45 female, mean age of 59 years), 80 suffered from ulcerative colitis, 20 from Crohn's disease, and six from indeterminate colitis. All patients had undergone at least one flexible sigmoidoscopy and 75 had a colonoscopy. Distal adenomas were found in three patients with ulcerative colitis compared with 67 of 749 controls (2.8% v 8.9%, chi(2) = 4.6, p = 0.03).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenomatous Polyps', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Azathioprine', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Male', 'Mesalamine', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,949 | Does selenomethionine prevent degeneration induced by overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"High levels of wild-type alpha-synuclein are found in autopsied brain samples of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), some familial PD, some Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome with dementia. Therefore, we have investigated whether overexpression of wild-type alpha-synuclein causes degeneration during adenosine, 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced differentiation of murine neuroblastoma (NB) cells in culture. We have also studied whether selenomethionine can modify the effect of overexpression of alpha-synuclein during differentiation of NB cells.",
"To study these issues, we established a murine neuroblastoma (NB) clone (NBP2-PN54-C20) that expressed high levels of wild-type human alpha-synuclein as determined by real time PCR and Western blot. We have utilized RO20-1724, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), a stimulator of adenylate cyclase, or RO20-1724 and dibutyryl cAMP to induce terminal differentiation in over 95% of the cell population by elevating the intracellular levels of cAMP in NB cells. The viability of cells was determined by MTT assay and LDH leakage assay, and the degeneration was documented by photomicrographs.",
"The results showed that overexpression of human wild-type alpha-synuclein decreased viability and increased degenerative changes in comparison to those observed in vector control cells, when differentiation was induced by treatment with RO20-1724 and PGA1, but not with RO20-1724 and dibutyryl cAMP. When selenomethionine was added to NB cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein immediately after the addition of RO20-1724 and PGA1, the viability and degenerative changes were markedly reduced, suggesting the involvement of increased oxidative stress in the mechanism of action of alpha-synuclein. This protective effect was not observed after treatment with sodium selenite or methionine."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Survival",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Selenomethionine",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"alpha-Synuclein"
]
} | Data suggested that Overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein-decreased viability and increased the levels of degenerative changes during differentiation of NB cells were reduced by selenomethionine treatment. This suggest that one of mechanisms of action alpha-synuclein may involve increased oxidative stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does selenomethionine prevent degeneration induced by overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"High levels of wild-type alpha-synuclein are found in autopsied brain samples of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), some familial PD, some Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome with dementia. Therefore, we have investigated whether overexpression of wild-type alpha-synuclein causes degeneration during adenosine, 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced differentiation of murine neuroblastoma (NB) cells in culture. We have also studied whether selenomethionine can modify the effect of overexpression of alpha-synuclein during differentiation of NB cells.\", 'To study these issues, we established a murine neuroblastoma (NB) clone (NBP2-PN54-C20) that expressed high levels of wild-type human alpha-synuclein as determined by real time PCR and Western blot. We have utilized RO20-1724, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), a stimulator of adenylate cyclase, or RO20-1724 and dibutyryl cAMP to induce terminal differentiation in over 95% of the cell population by elevating the intracellular levels of cAMP in NB cells. The viability of cells was determined by MTT assay and LDH leakage assay, and the degeneration was documented by photomicrographs.', 'The results showed that overexpression of human wild-type alpha-synuclein decreased viability and increased degenerative changes in comparison to those observed in vector control cells, when differentiation was induced by treatment with RO20-1724 and PGA1, but not with RO20-1724 and dibutyryl cAMP. When selenomethionine was added to NB cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein immediately after the addition of RO20-1724 and PGA1, the viability and degenerative changes were markedly reduced, suggesting the involvement of increased oxidative stress in the mechanism of action of alpha-synuclein. This protective effect was not observed after treatment with sodium selenite or methionine.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Survival', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Selenomethionine', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'alpha-Synuclein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,085 | Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a multifunctional protein involved in several tumorigenic mechanisms, including angiogenesis. PTTG has been shown to promote angiogenesis, a key rate-limiting step in tumor progression, by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.",
"To investigate whether PTTG regulates other angiogenic genes in thyroid cells, we performed angiogenesis-specific cDNA arrays after PTTG transfection. Two of the genes [inhibitor of DNA binding-3 (ID3) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)] which showed differential expression in primary thyroid cells were validated in vitro and in vivo.",
"TSP-1 showed a 2.5-fold reduction and ID3 showed a 3.5-fold induction in expression in response to PTTG overexpression in vitro. Conversely, suppression of PTTG with small interfering RNA was associated with a 2-fold induction of TSP-1 and a 2.2-fold reduction in ID3 expression. When we examined TSP-1 and ID3 expression in 34 differentiated thyroid cancers, ID3 was significantly increased in tumors compared with normal thyroid tissue. Furthermore, ID3 expression was significantly higher in follicular thyroid tumors than in papillary tumors. Although mean TSP-1 expression was not altered in cancers compared with normal thyroids, we observed a significant independent association between TSP-1 expression and early tumor recurrence, with recurrent tumors demonstrating 4.2-fold lower TSP-1 expression than normal thyroid tissues."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Neoplasm",
"Securin",
"Thrombospondin 1",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | We have identified ID3 and TSP-1 as two new downstream targets of PTTG in thyroid cancer. We propose that PTTG may promote angiogenesis by regulating the expression of multiple genes with both pro- and antiangiogenic properties and may thus be a key gene in triggering the angiogenic switch in thyroid tumorigenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a multifunctional protein involved in several tumorigenic mechanisms, including angiogenesis. PTTG has been shown to promote angiogenesis, a key rate-limiting step in tumor progression, by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.', 'To investigate whether PTTG regulates other angiogenic genes in thyroid cells, we performed angiogenesis-specific cDNA arrays after PTTG transfection. Two of the genes [inhibitor of DNA binding-3 (ID3) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)] which showed differential expression in primary thyroid cells were validated in vitro and in vivo.', 'TSP-1 showed a 2.5-fold reduction and ID3 showed a 3.5-fold induction in expression in response to PTTG overexpression in vitro. Conversely, suppression of PTTG with small interfering RNA was associated with a 2-fold induction of TSP-1 and a 2.2-fold reduction in ID3 expression. When we examined TSP-1 and ID3 expression in 34 differentiated thyroid cancers, ID3 was significantly increased in tumors compared with normal thyroid tissue. Furthermore, ID3 expression was significantly higher in follicular thyroid tumors than in papillary tumors. Although mean TSP-1 expression was not altered in cancers compared with normal thyroids, we observed a significant independent association between TSP-1 expression and early tumor recurrence, with recurrent tumors demonstrating 4.2-fold lower TSP-1 expression than normal thyroid tissues.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Securin', 'Thrombospondin 1', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,089 | Are low sex hormone-binding globulin , total testosterone , and symptomatic androgen deficiency associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in nonobese men? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by central obesity, lipid and insulin dysregulation, and hypertension, is a precursor state for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether low serum sex hormone levels or clinical androgen deficiency (AD) predict the development of MetS.",
"Data were obtained from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 1709 men observed at three time points (T1, 1987-1989; T2, 1995-1997; T3, 2002-2004). MetS was defined using a modification of the ATP III guidelines. Clinical AD was defined using a combination of testosterone levels and clinical signs and symptoms. The association between MetS and sex hormone levels or clinical AD was assessed using relative risks (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models.",
"Analysis was conducted in 950 men without MetS at T1. Lower levels of total testosterone and SHBG were predictive of MetS, particularly among men with a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2 with adjusted RRs for a decrease in 1 sd of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.12-2.42). Results were similar for the AD and MetS association, with RRs of 2.51 (95% CI, 1.12-5.65) among men with a BMI less than 25 compared with an RR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.66-2.24) in men with a BMI of 25 or greater."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Androgens",
"Body Weight",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Massachusetts",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Values",
"Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Low serum SHBG, low total testosterone, and clinical AD are associated with increased risk of developing MetS over time, particularly in nonoverweight, middle-aged men (BMI, <25). Together, these results suggest that low SHBG and/or AD may provide early warning signs for cardiovascular risk and an opportunity for early intervention in nonobese men. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are low sex hormone-binding globulin , total testosterone , and symptomatic androgen deficiency associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in nonobese men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by central obesity, lipid and insulin dysregulation, and hypertension, is a precursor state for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether low serum sex hormone levels or clinical androgen deficiency (AD) predict the development of MetS.', 'Data were obtained from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 1709 men observed at three time points (T1, 1987-1989; T2, 1995-1997; T3, 2002-2004). MetS was defined using a modification of the ATP III guidelines. Clinical AD was defined using a combination of testosterone levels and clinical signs and symptoms. The association between MetS and sex hormone levels or clinical AD was assessed using relative risks (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models.', 'Analysis was conducted in 950 men without MetS at T1. Lower levels of total testosterone and SHBG were predictive of MetS, particularly among men with a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2 with adjusted RRs for a decrease in 1 sd of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.12-2.42). Results were similar for the AD and MetS association, with RRs of 2.51 (95% CI, 1.12-5.65) among men with a BMI less than 25 compared with an RR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.66-2.24) in men with a BMI of 25 or greater.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Androgens', 'Body Weight', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Massachusetts', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,552 | Is endourological management better in early-onset ureteral stenosis in kidney transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence of ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients is 3%-8%. The treatment of ureteral stenosis has been traditionally operative reconstruction, although such intervention is associated with high rates of serious complications, including graft loss and even perioperative mortality. More recently, endourological treatment has been proposed due to its low morbidity.",
"The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of balloon percutaneous dilatation as a treatment technique for ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients.",
"Among 1000 kidney transplantations performed between 1980 and 2004, the coexistence of high creatinine values and urinary tract dilatation in the postoperative period, after discarding concomitant causes, was managed with a percutaneous nephrostomy. Once renal function recovered, antegrade pyelography was performed to confirm the presence and determine the location of ureteral stenosis. Ureteral dilatation was performed using a 5-French balloon-fitted angioplasty catheter.",
"Fifty-six patients were diagnosed with ureteral stenosis during follow-up, an incidence of 5.6%. Transluminal balloon dilatation was the first therapeutic option in 45 cases, whereas surgery was performed directly on 11 patients. Disappearance of the stenosis as well as maintenance of an improved creatinine level was verified in 45% of cases (20 patients). Two patients experienced graft loss. Both a short time to diagnosis after transplantation (P = .06) and the presence of a previous acute rejection episode (P < .05) were good prognosis factors for the endourologic solution of a ureteral stricture."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Catheterization",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Organ Preservation",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors",
"Ureteral Diseases"
]
} | Balloon dilatation may be considered the definitive procedure for treatment of ureteral stenosis in selected cases. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be used for initial diagnosis and improvement in the renal function before attempting an open procedure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is endourological management better in early-onset ureteral stenosis in kidney transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The incidence of ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients is 3%-8%. The treatment of ureteral stenosis has been traditionally operative reconstruction, although such intervention is associated with high rates of serious complications, including graft loss and even perioperative mortality. More recently, endourological treatment has been proposed due to its low morbidity.', 'The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of balloon percutaneous dilatation as a treatment technique for ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients.', 'Among 1000 kidney transplantations performed between 1980 and 2004, the coexistence of high creatinine values and urinary tract dilatation in the postoperative period, after discarding concomitant causes, was managed with a percutaneous nephrostomy. Once renal function recovered, antegrade pyelography was performed to confirm the presence and determine the location of ureteral stenosis. Ureteral dilatation was performed using a 5-French balloon-fitted angioplasty catheter.', 'Fifty-six patients were diagnosed with ureteral stenosis during follow-up, an incidence of 5.6%. Transluminal balloon dilatation was the first therapeutic option in 45 cases, whereas surgery was performed directly on 11 patients. Disappearance of the stenosis as well as maintenance of an improved creatinine level was verified in 45% of cases (20 patients). Two patients experienced graft loss. Both a short time to diagnosis after transplantation (P = .06) and the presence of a previous acute rejection episode (P < .05) were good prognosis factors for the endourologic solution of a ureteral stricture.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Catheterization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Preservation', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Ureteral Diseases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,391,471 | Does hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether direct hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column (DHP with PMX) could reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase.",
"20 sepsis patients were enrolled in the study. DHP with PMX was performed twice within a 24-hour period. Neutrophil elastase was measured 7 times.",
"Neutrophil elastase was 468 +/- 75.1 microg/l, while it was 1,531 +/- 201.7 microg/l immediately after the first session, declined to 351 +/- 73.9 microg/l before the second session of DHP with PMX, and increased again to 599.3 +/- 112.7 microg/l immediately after the second session, 328 +/- 73.7 microg/l at 24 h, 264 +/- 39.3 microg/l at 48 h, and 230 +/- 36.1 microg/l at 72 h after DHP with PMX. The levels from 48 h onwards were significantly lower compared with that before treatment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adsorption",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Hemoperfusion",
"Humans",
"Leukocyte Elastase",
"Male",
"Membranes, Artificial",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymyxin B",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Time Factors"
]
} | DHP with PMX has an overall effect that reduces circulating neutrophil elastase levels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated whether direct hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column (DHP with PMX) could reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase.', '20 sepsis patients were enrolled in the study. DHP with PMX was performed twice within a 24-hour period. Neutrophil elastase was measured 7 times.', 'Neutrophil elastase was 468 +/- 75.1 microg/l, while it was 1,531 +/- 201.7 microg/l immediately after the first session, declined to 351 +/- 73.9 microg/l before the second session of DHP with PMX, and increased again to 599.3 +/- 112.7 microg/l immediately after the second session, 328 +/- 73.7 microg/l at 24 h, 264 +/- 39.3 microg/l at 48 h, and 230 +/- 36.1 microg/l at 72 h after DHP with PMX. The levels from 48 h onwards were significantly lower compared with that before treatment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adsorption', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hemoperfusion', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Elastase', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymyxin B', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,844 | Do hIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are not associated with significant viral epitope variation in persons with persistent plasma viremia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether increased sequence variation occurs in regions of endogenous HIV-1 targeted by HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells. The presence of increased variation would be suggestive of immune evasion by HIV-1.",
"We performed a cross-sectional study of untreated HIV-1-infected subjects measuring HIV-1-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting CD4 T-cell responses against epitopes in Gag p17 and p24 and concurrent endogenous plasma HIV-1 RNA epitope sequence variation.",
"CD8- depleted IFNgamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays were used to identify regions of HIV-1 Gag recognized by CD4 T cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and TA cloning were used to sequence endogenous plasma HIV-1 virus and identify variants.",
"CD4 T-cell epitopes in Gag p17 and p24 were identified in 5 individuals, and concurrent sequence information on endogenous HIV-1 was obtained in 4 of these individuals. Endogenous plasma HIV-1 RNA sequencing revealed no intrapatient amino acid sequence variation through identified epitopes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte",
"Female",
"Gene Products, gag",
"Genetic Variation",
"HIV Antigens",
"HIV Core Protein p24",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Sequence Alignment",
"Viral Proteins",
"Viremia",
"gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
]
} | In these chronically infected viremic subjects, circulating IFNgamma-secreting CD4 T-cell responses were directed against epitope sequences found in the predominant strain of endogenous circulating plasma HIV-1, suggesting that escape from CD4 T-cell responses is not a common process in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are not associated with significant viral epitope variation in persons with persistent plasma viremia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether increased sequence variation occurs in regions of endogenous HIV-1 targeted by HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells. The presence of increased variation would be suggestive of immune evasion by HIV-1.', 'We performed a cross-sectional study of untreated HIV-1-infected subjects measuring HIV-1-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting CD4 T-cell responses against epitopes in Gag p17 and p24 and concurrent endogenous plasma HIV-1 RNA epitope sequence variation.', 'CD8- depleted IFNgamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays were used to identify regions of HIV-1 Gag recognized by CD4 T cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and TA cloning were used to sequence endogenous plasma HIV-1 virus and identify variants.', 'CD4 T-cell epitopes in Gag p17 and p24 were identified in 5 individuals, and concurrent sequence information on endogenous HIV-1 was obtained in 4 of these individuals. Endogenous plasma HIV-1 RNA sequencing revealed no intrapatient amino acid sequence variation through identified epitopes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte', 'Female', 'Gene Products, gag', 'Genetic Variation', 'HIV Antigens', 'HIV Core Protein p24', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Viral Proteins', 'Viremia', 'gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,625 | Do chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes deliver gene to the rat liver via intrabiliary and intraportal infusions? | {
"contexts": [
"Chitosan has been shown to be a non-toxic and efficient vector for in vitro gene transfection and in vivo gene delivery through pulmonary and oral administrations. Recently, we have shown that chitosan/DNA nanoparticles could mediate high levels of gene expression following intrabiliary infusion 1. In this study, we have examined the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted chitosan/DNA complexes to deliver genes to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions.",
"PEG (Mw: 5 kDa) was grafted onto chitosan (Mw: 47 kDa, deacetylation degree: 94%) with grafting degrees of 3.6% and 9.6% (molar percentage of chitosan monosaccharide units grafted with PEG). The stability of chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was studied by measuring the change in particle size and by agarose gel electrophoresis against bile or serum challenge. The influence of PEG grafting on gene transfection efficiency was evaluated in HepG2 cells using luciferase reporter gene. Chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes were delivered to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions with a syringe pump. Gene expression in the liver and the distribution of gene expression in other organs were evaluated. The acute liver toxicity of chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was examined by measuring serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as a function of time.",
"Both chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG displayed comparable gene transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. After challenge with serum and bile, chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes, especially those prepared with chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%), did not form large aggregates like chitosan/DNA complexes but remained stable for up to 30 min. In addition, chitosan-g-PEG prevented the degradation of DNA in the presence of serum and bile. On day 3 after bile duct infusion, chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%)/DNA complexes mediated three times higher gene expression in the liver than chitosan/DNA complexes and yielded background levels of gene expression in other organs. On day 1 following portal vein infusion, gene expression level induced by chitosan/DNA complexes was hardly detectable but chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%) mediated significant transgene expression. Interestingly, transgene expression by chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes in other organs after portal vein infusion increased with increasing grafting degree of PEG. The ALT and AST assays indicated that grafting of PEG to chitosan reduced the acute liver toxicity towards the complexes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bile",
"Bile Ducts",
"Cell Line",
"Chitosan",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Humans",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Liver",
"Nanostructures",
"Polyethylene Glycols",
"Portal Vein",
"Rats",
"Structure-Activity Relationship",
"Transfection"
]
} | This study demonstrated the potential of chitosan-g-PEG as a safe and more stable gene carrier to the liver. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes deliver gene to the rat liver via intrabiliary and intraportal infusions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chitosan has been shown to be a non-toxic and efficient vector for in vitro gene transfection and in vivo gene delivery through pulmonary and oral administrations. Recently, we have shown that chitosan/DNA nanoparticles could mediate high levels of gene expression following intrabiliary infusion 1. In this study, we have examined the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted chitosan/DNA complexes to deliver genes to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions.', 'PEG (Mw: 5 kDa) was grafted onto chitosan (Mw: 47 kDa, deacetylation degree: 94%) with grafting degrees of 3.6% and 9.6% (molar percentage of chitosan monosaccharide units grafted with PEG). The stability of chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was studied by measuring the change in particle size and by agarose gel electrophoresis against bile or serum challenge. The influence of PEG grafting on gene transfection efficiency was evaluated in HepG2 cells using luciferase reporter gene. Chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes were delivered to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions with a syringe pump. Gene expression in the liver and the distribution of gene expression in other organs were evaluated. The acute liver toxicity of chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was examined by measuring serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as a function of time.', 'Both chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG displayed comparable gene transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. After challenge with serum and bile, chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes, especially those prepared with chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%), did not form large aggregates like chitosan/DNA complexes but remained stable for up to 30 min. In addition, chitosan-g-PEG prevented the degradation of DNA in the presence of serum and bile. On day 3 after bile duct infusion, chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%)/DNA complexes mediated three times higher gene expression in the liver than chitosan/DNA complexes and yielded background levels of gene expression in other organs. On day 1 following portal vein infusion, gene expression level induced by chitosan/DNA complexes was hardly detectable but chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%) mediated significant transgene expression. Interestingly, transgene expression by chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes in other organs after portal vein infusion increased with increasing grafting degree of PEG. The ALT and AST assays indicated that grafting of PEG to chitosan reduced the acute liver toxicity towards the complexes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bile', 'Bile Ducts', 'Cell Line', 'Chitosan', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Liver', 'Nanostructures', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Portal Vein', 'Rats', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,662 | Does prevalence and correlate of ADHD symptoms in the national health interview survey? | {
"contexts": [
"Study the prevalence and correlates of ADHD symptoms in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).",
"NHIS includes 10,367 children ages 4 to 17. Parents report lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Prevalences of clinically significant ADHD and comorbid symptoms by race and ethnicity, gender, and age are presented.",
"Prevalence of clinically significant SDQ ADHD symptoms is 4.19% (males) and 1.77% (females). Male prevalence by race is 3.06% for Hispanics, 4.33% for Whites, and 5.65% for Blacks. Significant differences in prevalence occur across gender (p < .01) and among males across race (p < .01), age (p < .01), and income (p < .02). In the full sample, 6.80% of males and 2.50% of females have a parent-reported lifetime ADHD diagnosis but are negative for SDQ ADHD. Likewise, 1.59% of males and 0.81% of females are positive for SDQ ADHD but negative for parent report of ADHD diagnosis. SDQ ADHD positive children have substantially higher proportions of elevated scores on other SDQ subscales."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Demography",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"Health Surveys",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mass Screening",
"Prevalence"
]
} | ADHD symptoms vary by race and ethnicity, gender, and age and are associated with other emotional and behavioral difficulties. Both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of ADHD may be issues in the U.S. population of 4- to 17-year-olds. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prevalence and correlate of ADHD symptoms in the national health interview survey?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Study the prevalence and correlates of ADHD symptoms in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).', 'NHIS includes 10,367 children ages 4 to 17. Parents report lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Prevalences of clinically significant ADHD and comorbid symptoms by race and ethnicity, gender, and age are presented.', 'Prevalence of clinically significant SDQ ADHD symptoms is 4.19% (males) and 1.77% (females). Male prevalence by race is 3.06% for Hispanics, 4.33% for Whites, and 5.65% for Blacks. Significant differences in prevalence occur across gender (p < .01) and among males across race (p < .01), age (p < .01), and income (p < .02). In the full sample, 6.80% of males and 2.50% of females have a parent-reported lifetime ADHD diagnosis but are negative for SDQ ADHD. Likewise, 1.59% of males and 0.81% of females are positive for SDQ ADHD but negative for parent report of ADHD diagnosis. SDQ ADHD positive children have substantially higher proportions of elevated scores on other SDQ subscales.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Demography', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Prevalence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,297 | Is routine follow-up imaging unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonoperative management of hemodynamically stable patients with blunt hepatic injuries has become the standard of care over the past decade. However, controversy regarding the role of in-hospital follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scans as a part of this nonoperative management scheme is ongoing. Although many institutions, including our own, have advocated routine in-hospital follow-up scans, others have suggested a more selective policy. Over time, we have perceived a low yield from follow-up studies. The hypothesis for this study is that routine follow-up imaging of asymptomatic patients is unnecessary.",
"All patients selected for nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injury were evaluated for utility of follow-up CT scans over a 4-year period.",
"There were 530 stable patients with hepatic injury on admission CT scans in which follow-up scans were obtained within a week of admission. All injuries were classified according to the revised American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale: 102 (19.2%) grade I, 181 (34.1%) grade II, 158 (29.8%) grade III, 74 (13.9%) grade IV, and 15 (2.8%) grade V. Follow-up scans showed that most injuries were either unchanged (51%) or improved (34.7%). Only three patients underwent intervention based on their follow-up scans: two patients had arteriography (one with therapeutic embolization) and one had percutaneous drainage. Each of those patients had clinical signs or symptoms that were indicative of ongoing hepatic abnormality."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Continuity of Patient Care",
"Hematoma",
"Humans",
"Lacerations",
"Liver",
"Liver Diseases",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Wounds, Nonpenetrating"
]
} | These data demonstrate that, regardless of injury grade, routine in-hospital follow-up scans are not indicated as part of the nonoperative management of blunt liver injuries. Follow-up scans are indicated for patients who develop signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatic abnormality. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is routine follow-up imaging unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nonoperative management of hemodynamically stable patients with blunt hepatic injuries has become the standard of care over the past decade. However, controversy regarding the role of in-hospital follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scans as a part of this nonoperative management scheme is ongoing. Although many institutions, including our own, have advocated routine in-hospital follow-up scans, others have suggested a more selective policy. Over time, we have perceived a low yield from follow-up studies. The hypothesis for this study is that routine follow-up imaging of asymptomatic patients is unnecessary.', 'All patients selected for nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injury were evaluated for utility of follow-up CT scans over a 4-year period.', 'There were 530 stable patients with hepatic injury on admission CT scans in which follow-up scans were obtained within a week of admission. All injuries were classified according to the revised American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale: 102 (19.2%) grade I, 181 (34.1%) grade II, 158 (29.8%) grade III, 74 (13.9%) grade IV, and 15 (2.8%) grade V. Follow-up scans showed that most injuries were either unchanged (51%) or improved (34.7%). Only three patients underwent intervention based on their follow-up scans: two patients had arteriography (one with therapeutic embolization) and one had percutaneous drainage. Each of those patients had clinical signs or symptoms that were indicative of ongoing hepatic abnormality.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Continuity of Patient Care', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Lacerations', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,291 | Does rapid warfarin reversal in anticoagulated patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage reduce hemorrhage progression and mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"A prospective cohort study at our institution demonstrated a 48% mortality rate in warfarin anticoagulated trauma patients sustaining intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) compared with a 10% mortality rate in nonanticoagulated patients. Forty percent of patients demonstrated progression of their ICH, despite anticoagulation reversal, with a resultant 65% mortality rate. Seventy-one percent of these patients initially presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score > or = 14 and a 'minor' ICH. We postulated that early diagnosis of ICH and rapid anticoagulation reversal would reduce ICH progression rates and mortality.",
"All anticoagulated patients with known or suspected head trauma were entered into the Coumadin protocol. The protocol ensured immediate triage and physician evaluation, head computed tomography (CT) scan, and fresh frozen plasma administration in patients with documented ICH.",
"Eighty-two patients were entered into the protocol with ICH documented in 19 (23%). Sixteen of 19 patients (84%) presented with GCS > or = 14. Median international normalized ratio (INR) for treated patients with ICH was 2.7 versus 2.5 for patients without ICH (p = 0.546). Mean time to initiate warfarin reversal was 1.9 hours for protocol patients versus 4.3 hours for preprotocol patients (p < 0.001). Two of 19 (10%) protocol patients with ICH died. However, both patients presented >10 hours after injury with a severe ICH. This 10% mortality rate is significantly less than the 48% mortality rate seen previously (p < 0.001) and is now consistent with that observed in similarly injured patients not on anticoagulation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anticoagulants",
"Clinical Protocols",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic",
"Male",
"Prospective Studies",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Triage",
"Warfarin"
]
} | Neither the initial GCS nor INR in anticoagulated trauma patients reliably identifies patients with ICH. Rapid confirmation of ICH with expedited head CT scan combined with prompt reversal of warfarin anticoagulation with fresh frozen plasma decreases ICH progression and reduces mortality. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rapid warfarin reversal in anticoagulated patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage reduce hemorrhage progression and mortality?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"A prospective cohort study at our institution demonstrated a 48% mortality rate in warfarin anticoagulated trauma patients sustaining intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) compared with a 10% mortality rate in nonanticoagulated patients. Forty percent of patients demonstrated progression of their ICH, despite anticoagulation reversal, with a resultant 65% mortality rate. Seventy-one percent of these patients initially presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score > or = 14 and a 'minor' ICH. We postulated that early diagnosis of ICH and rapid anticoagulation reversal would reduce ICH progression rates and mortality.\", 'All anticoagulated patients with known or suspected head trauma were entered into the Coumadin protocol. The protocol ensured immediate triage and physician evaluation, head computed tomography (CT) scan, and fresh frozen plasma administration in patients with documented ICH.', 'Eighty-two patients were entered into the protocol with ICH documented in 19 (23%). Sixteen of 19 patients (84%) presented with GCS > or = 14. Median international normalized ratio (INR) for treated patients with ICH was 2.7 versus 2.5 for patients without ICH (p = 0.546). Mean time to initiate warfarin reversal was 1.9 hours for protocol patients versus 4.3 hours for preprotocol patients (p < 0.001). Two of 19 (10%) protocol patients with ICH died. However, both patients presented >10 hours after injury with a severe ICH. This 10% mortality rate is significantly less than the 48% mortality rate seen previously (p < 0.001) and is now consistent with that observed in similarly injured patients not on anticoagulation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anticoagulants', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Triage', 'Warfarin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,299 | Does energy substrate-supplemented resuscitation affect brain monocarboxylate transporter levels and gliosis in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocarboxylate (MC)-supplemented resuscitation has been shown to attenuate cellular injury after hemorrhagic shock. However, little is known about its effect on the central nervous system. The brain can use MCs such as lactate, pyruvate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate as energy substrates. The transit of MCs into the central nervous system is facilitated by the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and their blockage can exacerbate neuronal damage. We examined the expression of MCT1 and markers specific for activation of astroglia and microglia in the brains of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. The hypothesis was that resuscitation with MC-based fluids would be accompanied by MCT1 up-regulation and glial response.",
"Rats (n = 30) were subjected to volume-controlled hemorrhage. Test groups included: sham, no resuscitation, resuscitation with normal saline, resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's solution, resuscitation with pyruvate Ringer's solution, and resuscitation with beta-hydroxybutyrate-containing ketone Ringer's solution. Plasma levels of MC were measured serially. The brains were investigated using GFAP, CD11b, CD43, MCT1, and GLUT1 immunohistochemistry.",
"Rats resuscitated with MC-containing fluids had increased levels of MCT1 in brain endothelial cells and neuropil compared with sham rats. Enhanced staining was localized to the choroid plexus, astrocytic end feet, and white matter structures. None of the resuscitation treatment induced astrocytic hyperplasia, and pyruvate Ringer's solution and ketone Ringer's solution resuscitation led to hypertrophy of astrocytes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain",
"CD11b Antigen",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2",
"Gliosis",
"Glucose Transporter Type 3",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Isotonic Solutions",
"Leukosialin",
"Male",
"Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Resuscitation",
"Ringer's Lactate",
"Shock, Hemorrhagic",
"Symporters",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | In hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation with MC-based fluids increased brain MCT1 level and led to activation of astrocytes. Enhanced MC trafficking could be an essential route for energy supply to neurons under adverse circulatory conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does energy substrate-supplemented resuscitation affect brain monocarboxylate transporter levels and gliosis in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Monocarboxylate (MC)-supplemented resuscitation has been shown to attenuate cellular injury after hemorrhagic shock. However, little is known about its effect on the central nervous system. The brain can use MCs such as lactate, pyruvate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate as energy substrates. The transit of MCs into the central nervous system is facilitated by the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and their blockage can exacerbate neuronal damage. We examined the expression of MCT1 and markers specific for activation of astroglia and microglia in the brains of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. The hypothesis was that resuscitation with MC-based fluids would be accompanied by MCT1 up-regulation and glial response.', \"Rats (n = 30) were subjected to volume-controlled hemorrhage. Test groups included: sham, no resuscitation, resuscitation with normal saline, resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's solution, resuscitation with pyruvate Ringer's solution, and resuscitation with beta-hydroxybutyrate-containing ketone Ringer's solution. Plasma levels of MC were measured serially. The brains were investigated using GFAP, CD11b, CD43, MCT1, and GLUT1 immunohistochemistry.\", \"Rats resuscitated with MC-containing fluids had increased levels of MCT1 in brain endothelial cells and neuropil compared with sham rats. Enhanced staining was localized to the choroid plexus, astrocytic end feet, and white matter structures. None of the resuscitation treatment induced astrocytic hyperplasia, and pyruvate Ringer's solution and ketone Ringer's solution resuscitation led to hypertrophy of astrocytes.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain', 'CD11b Antigen', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2', 'Gliosis', 'Glucose Transporter Type 3', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Leukosialin', 'Male', 'Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Resuscitation', \"Ringer's Lactate\", 'Shock, Hemorrhagic', 'Symporters', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,787 | Does mitomycin C inhibit recurrent Avellino dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To report 4 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) who were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) during phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).",
"ACD was confirmed by polymorphism of the exon region in the BIGH3 gene using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing analysis. Three patients with recurrent ACD and 1 patient with primary ACD underwent PTK. Intraoperative 0.02% MMC was applied topically with a soaked microsponge.",
"There was no recurrence of ACD in the heterozygotes, but there were recurrences with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 in the 2 homozygotes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Intraoperative Period",
"Lasers, Excimer",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitomycin",
"Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors",
"Ophthalmic Solutions",
"Photorefractive Keratectomy",
"Secondary Prevention",
"Visual Acuity"
]
} | Intraoperative use of topical 0.02% MMC in conjunction with PTK may prevent or delay the recurrence of ACD for at least for 1 year. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mitomycin C inhibit recurrent Avellino dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To report 4 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) who were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) during phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).', 'ACD was confirmed by polymorphism of the exon region in the BIGH3 gene using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing analysis. Three patients with recurrent ACD and 1 patient with primary ACD underwent PTK. Intraoperative 0.02% MMC was applied topically with a soaked microsponge.', 'There was no recurrence of ACD in the heterozygotes, but there were recurrences with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 in the 2 homozygotes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Lasers, Excimer', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitomycin', 'Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Photorefractive Keratectomy', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Visual Acuity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,237 | Does early heart rate recovery after exercise predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have multiple abnormalities of autonomic regulation that have been associated to their high mortality rate. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise is an index of parasympathetic activity, but its prognostic role in CHF patients has not been determined yet.",
"Ninety-two stable CHF patients (83M/9F, mean age: 51+/-12 years) performed an incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Measurements included peak O2 uptake (VO2p), ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO2 slope), the first-degree slope of VO2 for the 1st minute of recovery (VO2/t-slope), heart rate recovery [(HRR1, bpm): HR difference from peak to 1 min after exercise] and chronotropic response to exercise [%chronotropic reserve (CR, %)=(peak HR-resting HR/220-age-resting HR)x100]. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) was also measured by radionuclide ventriculography.",
"Fatal events occurred in 24 patients (26%) during 21+/-6 months of follow-up. HRR1 was lower in non-survivors (11.4+/-6.4 vs. 20.4+/-8.1; p<0.001). All cause-mortality rate was 65% in patients with HRR1<or=12 bpm versus 11% in patients with HRR1>12 bpm (log-rank: 32.6; p<0.001). By multivariate survival analysis, HRR1 resulted as an independent predictor of mortality (chi2=19.2; odds ratio: 0.87; p<0.001) after adjustment for LVEF, VO2p, VE/VCO2 slope, CR and VO2/t-slope. In a subgroup of patients with intermediate exercise capacity (VO2p: 10-18, ml/kg/min), HRR1 was a strong predictor of mortality (chi2: 14.3; odds ratio: 0.8; p<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Chronic Disease",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"ROC Curve",
"Risk Factors",
"Survival Rate",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Early heart rate recovery is an independent prognostic risk indicator in CHF patients and could be used in CHF risk stratification. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does early heart rate recovery after exercise predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have multiple abnormalities of autonomic regulation that have been associated to their high mortality rate. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise is an index of parasympathetic activity, but its prognostic role in CHF patients has not been determined yet.', 'Ninety-two stable CHF patients (83M/9F, mean age: 51+/-12 years) performed an incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Measurements included peak O2 uptake (VO2p), ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO2 slope), the first-degree slope of VO2 for the 1st minute of recovery (VO2/t-slope), heart rate recovery [(HRR1, bpm): HR difference from peak to 1 min after exercise] and chronotropic response to exercise [%chronotropic reserve (CR, %)=(peak HR-resting HR/220-age-resting HR)x100]. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) was also measured by radionuclide ventriculography.', 'Fatal events occurred in 24 patients (26%) during 21+/-6 months of follow-up. HRR1 was lower in non-survivors (11.4+/-6.4 vs. 20.4+/-8.1; p<0.001). All cause-mortality rate was 65% in patients with HRR1<or=12 bpm versus 11% in patients with HRR1>12 bpm (log-rank: 32.6; p<0.001). By multivariate survival analysis, HRR1 resulted as an independent predictor of mortality (chi2=19.2; odds ratio: 0.87; p<0.001) after adjustment for LVEF, VO2p, VE/VCO2 slope, CR and VO2/t-slope. In a subgroup of patients with intermediate exercise capacity (VO2p: 10-18, ml/kg/min), HRR1 was a strong predictor of mortality (chi2: 14.3; odds ratio: 0.8; p<0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Chronic Disease', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,315 | Does insulin sensitivity independently influence brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity in non-diabetic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Measurement of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a non-invasive technique for assessing arterial stiffness. Although insulin resistance is associated with intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography, it is not known whether it is related to PWV. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-%S) and PWV in non-diabetic subjects. We also examined the effects of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) on PWV, as these two parameters are associated with atherosclerosis.",
"A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 1934 Japanese subjects who were undergoing health examinations. Of these subjects, we recruited 1541 non-diabetic subjects without chronic or acute inflammation, malignant diseases, autoimmune disorders, elevated serum creatinine levels, and abnormal hepatic function tests. Subjects who had an abnormal ankle/brachial blood pressure index of less than 0.9 were also excluded. Brachial-ankle PWV and plasma high-sensitivity CRP were measured on 1541 subjects who satisfied the admission criteria.",
"PWV was 12.55+/-1.61 (mean+/-sd) m/s and plasma CRP concentration was 0.4 mg/l (median, range, 0.1-5.8 mg/l) in the study subjects. By multivariate regression analysis, HOMA-%S was found to be an independent negative risk factor for PWV, while systolic blood pressure, age and triglycerides were positively associated with PWV. OGTT 2-h glucose was weakly and independently related to PWV in male subjects. Plasma CRP was not independently associated with PWV."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Ankle",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Blood Pressure",
"Brachial Artery",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cholesterol",
"Female",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Homeostasis",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Japan",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pulse",
"Regression Analysis",
"Sex Distribution"
]
} | Insulin resistance is independently associated with PWV in non-diabetic subjects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does insulin sensitivity independently influence brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity in non-diabetic subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Measurement of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a non-invasive technique for assessing arterial stiffness. Although insulin resistance is associated with intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography, it is not known whether it is related to PWV. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-%S) and PWV in non-diabetic subjects. We also examined the effects of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) on PWV, as these two parameters are associated with atherosclerosis.', 'A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 1934 Japanese subjects who were undergoing health examinations. Of these subjects, we recruited 1541 non-diabetic subjects without chronic or acute inflammation, malignant diseases, autoimmune disorders, elevated serum creatinine levels, and abnormal hepatic function tests. Subjects who had an abnormal ankle/brachial blood pressure index of less than 0.9 were also excluded. Brachial-ankle PWV and plasma high-sensitivity CRP were measured on 1541 subjects who satisfied the admission criteria.', 'PWV was 12.55+/-1.61 (mean+/-sd) m/s and plasma CRP concentration was 0.4 mg/l (median, range, 0.1-5.8 mg/l) in the study subjects. By multivariate regression analysis, HOMA-%S was found to be an independent negative risk factor for PWV, while systolic blood pressure, age and triglycerides were positively associated with PWV. OGTT 2-h glucose was weakly and independently related to PWV in male subjects. Plasma CRP was not independently associated with PWV.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ankle', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brachial Artery', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulse', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Distribution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,264 | Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in adolescence.",
"Longitudinal birth cohort study of 1328 members born in the city of Nijmegen. Information on ear-nose-throat surgery was documented at 2, 4, and 8 years of age. In 1055 cohort members the incidence of asthma, AR, and eczema at 21 years of age was determined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood Core Questionnaire. To analyse the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, AR, and eczema at age 21 years, relative risks (RR) were calculated.",
"Six hundred and ninety-three (66%) members completed the questionnaire at age 21 years, of whom 104 (15%) had undergone adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and 262 (38%) reported atopic disease. Children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy before the age of 8 years were not more likely to develop asthma, AR, or eczema at the age of 21 years than children who did not; RR 0.93 (95% confidence limits (CL) 0.52-1.64), RR 0.94 (CL 0.68-1.30), and RR 1.00 (CL 0.59-1.68), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoidectomy",
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Eczema",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Rhinitis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Tonsillectomy",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Our data show no association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and the incidence of atopic disease in young adults. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in adolescence.', 'Longitudinal birth cohort study of 1328 members born in the city of Nijmegen. Information on ear-nose-throat surgery was documented at 2, 4, and 8 years of age. In 1055 cohort members the incidence of asthma, AR, and eczema at 21 years of age was determined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood Core Questionnaire. To analyse the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, AR, and eczema at age 21 years, relative risks (RR) were calculated.', 'Six hundred and ninety-three (66%) members completed the questionnaire at age 21 years, of whom 104 (15%) had undergone adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and 262 (38%) reported atopic disease. Children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy before the age of 8 years were not more likely to develop asthma, AR, or eczema at the age of 21 years than children who did not; RR 0.93 (95% confidence limits (CL) 0.52-1.64), RR 0.94 (CL 0.68-1.30), and RR 1.00 (CL 0.59-1.68), respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoidectomy', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eczema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Rhinitis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Tonsillectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,397,029 | Does measurement of serum levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 combined with prostate-specific antigen improve prostate cancer diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Current serum testing for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) lacks specificity. On diagnosis, the optimal therapeutic pathway is not clear and tools for adequate risk assessment of localized PCa progression are not available. This leads to a significant number of men having unnecessary diagnostic biopsies and surgery. A search for novel tumor markers identified macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) as a potentially useful marker. Follow-up studies revealed MIC-1 overexpression in local and metastatic PCa whereas peritumoral interstitial staining for MIC-1 identified lower-grade tumors destined for recurrence. Consequently, we sought to assess serum MIC-1 measurement as a diagnostic tool.",
"Using immunoassay determination of serum MIC-1 concentration in 1,000 men, 538 of whom had PCa, we defined the relationship of MIC-1 to disease variables. A diagnostic algorithm (MIC-PSA score) based on serum levels of MIC-1, total serum prostate-specific antigen, and percentage of free prostate-specific antigen was developed.",
"Serum MIC-1 was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of PCa and tumors with a Gleason sum > or =7. We validated the MIC-PSA score in a separate population and showed an improved specificity for diagnostic blood testing for PCa over percentage of free prostate-specific antigen, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies by 27%."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Cytokines",
"Growth Differentiation Factor 15",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | Serum MIC-1 is an independent marker of the presence of PCa and tumors with a Gleason sum of > or =7. The use of serum MIC-1 significantly increases diagnostic specificity and may be a future tool in the management of PCa. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does measurement of serum levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 combined with prostate-specific antigen improve prostate cancer diagnosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Current serum testing for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) lacks specificity. On diagnosis, the optimal therapeutic pathway is not clear and tools for adequate risk assessment of localized PCa progression are not available. This leads to a significant number of men having unnecessary diagnostic biopsies and surgery. A search for novel tumor markers identified macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) as a potentially useful marker. Follow-up studies revealed MIC-1 overexpression in local and metastatic PCa whereas peritumoral interstitial staining for MIC-1 identified lower-grade tumors destined for recurrence. Consequently, we sought to assess serum MIC-1 measurement as a diagnostic tool.', 'Using immunoassay determination of serum MIC-1 concentration in 1,000 men, 538 of whom had PCa, we defined the relationship of MIC-1 to disease variables. A diagnostic algorithm (MIC-PSA score) based on serum levels of MIC-1, total serum prostate-specific antigen, and percentage of free prostate-specific antigen was developed.', 'Serum MIC-1 was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of PCa and tumors with a Gleason sum > or =7. We validated the MIC-PSA score in a separate population and showed an improved specificity for diagnostic blood testing for PCa over percentage of free prostate-specific antigen, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies by 27%.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cytokines', 'Growth Differentiation Factor 15', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,026 | Is overexpression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 associated with the growth of colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To discover novel therapeutic targets for colon cancers, we previously surveyed expression patterns among 23,000 genes in colon cancer tissues using a cDNA microarray. Among the genes that were up-regulated in the tumors, we selected for this study peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) encoding PPIL1, a cyclophilin-related protein.",
"Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining using PPIL1-specific antibody showed that PPIL1 protein was frequently overexpressed in colon cancer cells compared with noncancerous epithelial cells of the colon mucosa. Colony formation assay showed a growth-promoting effect of wild-type PPIL1 on NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells. Consistently, transfection of short-interfering RNA specific to PPIL1 into SNUC4 and SNUC5 cells effectively reduced expression of the gene and retarded growth of the colon cancer cells. We further identified two PPIL1-interacting proteins, SNW1/SKIP (SKI-binding protein) and stathmin. SNW1/SKIP is involved in the regulation of transcription and mRNA splicing, whereas stathmin is involved in stabilization of microtubules. Therefore, elevated expression of PPIL1 may play an important role in proliferation of cancer cells through the control of SNW1/SKIP and/or stathmin."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Peptidylprolyl Isomerase",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Stathmin"
]
} | The findings reported here may offer new insight into colonic carcinogenesis and contribute to the development of new molecular strategies for treatment of human colorectal tumors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is overexpression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 associated with the growth of colon cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To discover novel therapeutic targets for colon cancers, we previously surveyed expression patterns among 23,000 genes in colon cancer tissues using a cDNA microarray. Among the genes that were up-regulated in the tumors, we selected for this study peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) encoding PPIL1, a cyclophilin-related protein.', 'Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining using PPIL1-specific antibody showed that PPIL1 protein was frequently overexpressed in colon cancer cells compared with noncancerous epithelial cells of the colon mucosa. Colony formation assay showed a growth-promoting effect of wild-type PPIL1 on NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells. Consistently, transfection of short-interfering RNA specific to PPIL1 into SNUC4 and SNUC5 cells effectively reduced expression of the gene and retarded growth of the colon cancer cells. We further identified two PPIL1-interacting proteins, SNW1/SKIP (SKI-binding protein) and stathmin. SNW1/SKIP is involved in the regulation of transcription and mRNA splicing, whereas stathmin is involved in stabilization of microtubules. Therefore, elevated expression of PPIL1 may play an important role in proliferation of cancer cells through the control of SNW1/SKIP and/or stathmin.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Peptidylprolyl Isomerase', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stathmin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,025 | Does meta-analysis of the p53 mutation database for mutant p53 biological activity reveal a methodologic bias in mutation detection? | {
"contexts": [
"Analyses of the pattern of p53 mutations have been essential for epidemiologic studies linking carcinogen exposure and cancer. We were concerned by the inclusion of dubious reports in the p53 databases that could lead to controversial analysis prejudicial to the scientific community.",
"We used the universal mutation database p53 database (21,717 mutations) combined with a new p53 mutant activity database (2,300 mutants) to perform functional analysis of 1,992 publications reporting p53 alterations. This analysis was done using a statistical approach similar to that of clinical meta-analyses.",
"This analysis reveals that some reports of infrequent mutations are associated with almost normal activities of p53 proteins. These particular mutations are frequently found in studies reporting multiple mutations in one tumor, silent mutations, or lacking mutation hotspots. These reports are often associated with particular methodologies, such as nested PCR, for which key controls are not satisfactory."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Databases, Factual",
"Humans",
"Mutation",
"Neoplasms",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | We show the importance of accurate functional analysis before inferring any genetic variation. The quality of the p53 databases is essential in order to prevent erroneous analysis and/or conclusions. The availability of functional data from our new p53 web site (http://p53.free.fr and http://www.umd.be:2072/) will allow functional prescreening to identify potential artifactual data. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does meta-analysis of the p53 mutation database for mutant p53 biological activity reveal a methodologic bias in mutation detection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Analyses of the pattern of p53 mutations have been essential for epidemiologic studies linking carcinogen exposure and cancer. We were concerned by the inclusion of dubious reports in the p53 databases that could lead to controversial analysis prejudicial to the scientific community.', 'We used the universal mutation database p53 database (21,717 mutations) combined with a new p53 mutant activity database (2,300 mutants) to perform functional analysis of 1,992 publications reporting p53 alterations. This analysis was done using a statistical approach similar to that of clinical meta-analyses.', 'This analysis reveals that some reports of infrequent mutations are associated with almost normal activities of p53 proteins. These particular mutations are frequently found in studies reporting multiple mutations in one tumor, silent mutations, or lacking mutation hotspots. These reports are often associated with particular methodologies, such as nested PCR, for which key controls are not satisfactory.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Databases, Factual', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,020 | Is vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression level preserved in liver metastases compared with corresponding primary colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastases. It is reasonable to expect that measurement of VEGF in liver metastases would provide the best prediction of therapy benefit for VEGF-targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin). In this study, we evaluated how VEGF mRNA level in primary colorectal cancer was related to that in corresponding liver metastases. Thirty-one pairs of primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases were analyzed.",
"Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were dissected by using laser-captured microdissection. RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. Quantitation of VEGF and internal reference gene (beta-actin) was done using real-time PCR (Taqman PCR).",
"There was no difference between median VEGF mRNA levels of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases (median value 3.79 versus 3.97: P = 0.989). On an individual basis, there was a significant correlation in VEGF mRNA expression between primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases (r(s) = 0.6627, P < 0.0001). In addition, the VEGF mRNA levels of the patients who had two or more liver metastatic tumors were significantly higher than those of the patient who had solitary liver metastatic tumor in both primary cancer (5.02 versus 3.34: P = 0.0483) and liver metastases (4.38 versus 3.25: P = 0.0358)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Microdissection",
"Middle Aged",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Good prediction of VEGF mRNA levels in liver metastases can be obtained by measuring those of primary colorectal cancer. The risk of multiple liver metastatic tumors might be predictable by measuring VEGF mRNA expression in primary colorectal cancer. Further study is required to confirm these preliminary results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression level preserved in liver metastases compared with corresponding primary colorectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastases. It is reasonable to expect that measurement of VEGF in liver metastases would provide the best prediction of therapy benefit for VEGF-targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin). In this study, we evaluated how VEGF mRNA level in primary colorectal cancer was related to that in corresponding liver metastases. Thirty-one pairs of primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases were analyzed.', 'Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were dissected by using laser-captured microdissection. RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. Quantitation of VEGF and internal reference gene (beta-actin) was done using real-time PCR (Taqman PCR).', 'There was no difference between median VEGF mRNA levels of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases (median value 3.79 versus 3.97: P = 0.989). On an individual basis, there was a significant correlation in VEGF mRNA expression between primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases (r(s) = 0.6627, P < 0.0001). In addition, the VEGF mRNA levels of the patients who had two or more liver metastatic tumors were significantly higher than those of the patient who had solitary liver metastatic tumor in both primary cancer (5.02 versus 3.34: P = 0.0483) and liver metastases (4.38 versus 3.25: P = 0.0358).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Microdissection', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,388,189 | Are vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels significantly elevated in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations? | {
"contexts": [
"Since growth and de novo generation of cerebrovascular malformations were demonstrated, a strictly congenital model cannot be further supported as unique factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been demonstrated to be highly expressed in AVMs by immunohistochemical methods. However, systemic VEGF levels have not been analysed previously. This study aimed to investigate VEGF plasma concentrations as a possible plasma marker for neovascularization in patients with cerebral AVMs compared to healthy controls.",
"The study included 17 patients with cerebral AVMs and 40 healthy controls. VEGF plasma concentrations were measured by a specific enzyme immuno-assay.",
"VEGF plasma concentrations were significantly higher in patients with cerebral AVMs (mean 140.9 pg/ml, SD 148.5 pg/ml and median 63.0 pg/ml) compared to a healthy control group (mean 44.7 pg/ml, SD 36.4 pg/ml and median 35.0 pg/ml), p = 0.0003."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Our findings suggest that VEGF plasma concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. Further studies are necessary and would contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels significantly elevated in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Since growth and de novo generation of cerebrovascular malformations were demonstrated, a strictly congenital model cannot be further supported as unique factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been demonstrated to be highly expressed in AVMs by immunohistochemical methods. However, systemic VEGF levels have not been analysed previously. This study aimed to investigate VEGF plasma concentrations as a possible plasma marker for neovascularization in patients with cerebral AVMs compared to healthy controls.', 'The study included 17 patients with cerebral AVMs and 40 healthy controls. VEGF plasma concentrations were measured by a specific enzyme immuno-assay.', 'VEGF plasma concentrations were significantly higher in patients with cerebral AVMs (mean 140.9 pg/ml, SD 148.5 pg/ml and median 63.0 pg/ml) compared to a healthy control group (mean 44.7 pg/ml, SD 36.4 pg/ml and median 35.0 pg/ml), p = 0.0003.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,381,993 | Is gH effect on enzyme activity of 11betaHSD in abdominal obesity dependent on treatment duration? | {
"contexts": [
"In the past years the interaction of GH and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) in the pathogenesis of central obesity has been suggested.",
"We studied the effects of 9 months of GH treatment on 11betaHSD activity and its relationship with body composition and insulin sensitivity in 30 men with abdominal obesity, aged 48-66 years, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Urinary steroid profile was used to estimate 11betaHSD type 1 and 2 (11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2) activities. Abdominal s.c. and visceral adipose tissues were measured using computed tomography. Glucose disposal rate (GDR) obtained during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp was used to assess insulin sensitivity.",
"In the GH-treated group the 11betaHSD1 activity decreased transiently after 6 weeks (P < 0.01) whereas 11betaHSD2 increased after 9 months of treatment (P < 0.05). Between 6 weeks and 9 months, GDR increased and visceral fat mass decreased. Changes in 11betaHSD1 correlated with changes in visceral fat mass between baseline and 6 weeks. There were no significant correlations between 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD 2 and changes in GDR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1",
"11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2",
"11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases",
"Abdominal Fat",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The study demonstrates that short- and long-term GH treatment has different effects on 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 activity. Moreover, the data do not support that long-term metabolic effects of GH are mediated through its action on 11betaHSD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is gH effect on enzyme activity of 11betaHSD in abdominal obesity dependent on treatment duration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In the past years the interaction of GH and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) in the pathogenesis of central obesity has been suggested.', 'We studied the effects of 9 months of GH treatment on 11betaHSD activity and its relationship with body composition and insulin sensitivity in 30 men with abdominal obesity, aged 48-66 years, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.', 'Urinary steroid profile was used to estimate 11betaHSD type 1 and 2 (11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2) activities. Abdominal s.c. and visceral adipose tissues were measured using computed tomography. Glucose disposal rate (GDR) obtained during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp was used to assess insulin sensitivity.', 'In the GH-treated group the 11betaHSD1 activity decreased transiently after 6 weeks (P < 0.01) whereas 11betaHSD2 increased after 9 months of treatment (P < 0.05). Between 6 weeks and 9 months, GDR increased and visceral fat mass decreased. Changes in 11betaHSD1 correlated with changes in visceral fat mass between baseline and 6 weeks. There were no significant correlations between 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD 2 and changes in GDR.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1', '11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2', '11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Abdominal Fat', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,381,994 | Are plasma osteoprotegerin levels associated with glycaemic status , systolic blood pressure , kidney function and cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The bone-related peptide osteoprotegerin (OPG) has recently been found in increased amounts in the vasculature in diabetes. It is produced by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and may be implicated in the development of vascular calcifications. OPG is present in the circulation, where increased amounts have been observed in patients with diabetes. In this study, we examined whether plasma OPG is associated with the glycaemic and vascular status of patients with type 1 diabetes.",
"Two gender-, age- and duration-comparable groups of type 1 diabetic patients either with (n = 199) or without (n = 192) signs of diabetic nephropathy were studied. Plasma OPG was determined by an ELISA.",
"The plasma OPG concentration was significantly higher in patients with nephropathy than those without (3.11 (2.49-3.99) vs 2.57 (2.19-3.21) (median (interquartiles), ng/ml), P < 0.001). Plasma OPG correlated with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure and age in both groups and, in addition, with kidney function in the nephropathic group. These correlations remained significant in multivariate models. In addition, we found that plasma OPG concentrations were increased among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), both in the normoalbuminuric and the nephropathic groups. The differences between nephropathic and normoalbuminuric, as well as subgroups with and without CVD, could largely be ascribed to changes in HbA1c, age, systolic blood pressure and creatinine."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetic Nephropathies",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Glycoproteins",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Osteoprotegerin",
"Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor"
]
} | OPG is associated with glycaemic control and CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes, compatible with the hypothesis that OPG is associated with the development of diabetic vascular complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma osteoprotegerin levels associated with glycaemic status , systolic blood pressure , kidney function and cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The bone-related peptide osteoprotegerin (OPG) has recently been found in increased amounts in the vasculature in diabetes. It is produced by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and may be implicated in the development of vascular calcifications. OPG is present in the circulation, where increased amounts have been observed in patients with diabetes. In this study, we examined whether plasma OPG is associated with the glycaemic and vascular status of patients with type 1 diabetes.', 'Two gender-, age- and duration-comparable groups of type 1 diabetic patients either with (n = 199) or without (n = 192) signs of diabetic nephropathy were studied. Plasma OPG was determined by an ELISA.', 'The plasma OPG concentration was significantly higher in patients with nephropathy than those without (3.11 (2.49-3.99) vs 2.57 (2.19-3.21) (median (interquartiles), ng/ml), P < 0.001). Plasma OPG correlated with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure and age in both groups and, in addition, with kidney function in the nephropathic group. These correlations remained significant in multivariate models. In addition, we found that plasma OPG concentrations were increased among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), both in the normoalbuminuric and the nephropathic groups. The differences between nephropathic and normoalbuminuric, as well as subgroups with and without CVD, could largely be ascribed to changes in HbA1c, age, systolic blood pressure and creatinine.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,862 | Is empiric use of ampicillin and cefotaxime , compared with ampicillin and gentamicin , for neonates at risk for sepsis associated with an increased risk of neonatal death? | {
"contexts": [
"We reported previously that the use of cephalosporin among premature neonates increased the risk of subsequent fungal sepsis. As a result, we recommended that ampicillin and gentamicin be used as empiric coverage for early-onset neonatal sepsis while culture results are awaited.",
"To describe antibiotic use during the first 3 days after birth for neonates admitted to the NICU and to evaluate the outcomes for neonates treated with 2 different antibiotic regimens.",
"We assembled a cohort of inborn neonates, from our deidentified administrative database, who had documented exposure to ampicillin during the first 3 days after birth. Infants treated concurrently with cefotaxime or gentamicin were evaluated, to identify the factors that were associated independently with death before discharge, with both univariate and multivariate analyses.",
"There were 128,914 neonates selected as the study cohort; 24,111 were treated concurrently with ampicillin and cefotaxime and 104,803 were treated concurrently with ampicillin and gentamicin. Logistic modeling showed that neonates treated with ampicillin/cefotaxime were more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-1.7) and were less likely to be discharged to home or foster care than were neonates treated with ampicillin/gentamicin. This observation was true across all estimated gestational ages. Other factors that were associated independently with death included immature gestational age, need for assisted ventilation on the day of admission to the NICU, indications of perinatal asphyxia or major congenital anomaly, and reported use of ampicillin/cefotaxime."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Ampicillin",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Antibiotic Prophylaxis",
"Cefotaxime",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Gentamicins",
"Humans",
"Infant Mortality",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Risk Factors",
"Sepsis"
]
} | For patients receiving ampicillin, the concurrent use of cefotaxime during the first 3 days after birth either is a surrogate for an unrecognized factor or is itself associated with an increased risk of death, compared with the concurrent use of gentamicin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is empiric use of ampicillin and cefotaxime , compared with ampicillin and gentamicin , for neonates at risk for sepsis associated with an increased risk of neonatal death?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We reported previously that the use of cephalosporin among premature neonates increased the risk of subsequent fungal sepsis. As a result, we recommended that ampicillin and gentamicin be used as empiric coverage for early-onset neonatal sepsis while culture results are awaited.', 'To describe antibiotic use during the first 3 days after birth for neonates admitted to the NICU and to evaluate the outcomes for neonates treated with 2 different antibiotic regimens.', 'We assembled a cohort of inborn neonates, from our deidentified administrative database, who had documented exposure to ampicillin during the first 3 days after birth. Infants treated concurrently with cefotaxime or gentamicin were evaluated, to identify the factors that were associated independently with death before discharge, with both univariate and multivariate analyses.', 'There were 128,914 neonates selected as the study cohort; 24,111 were treated concurrently with ampicillin and cefotaxime and 104,803 were treated concurrently with ampicillin and gentamicin. Logistic modeling showed that neonates treated with ampicillin/cefotaxime were more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-1.7) and were less likely to be discharged to home or foster care than were neonates treated with ampicillin/gentamicin. This observation was true across all estimated gestational ages. Other factors that were associated independently with death included immature gestational age, need for assisted ventilation on the day of admission to the NICU, indications of perinatal asphyxia or major congenital anomaly, and reported use of ampicillin/cefotaxime.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Cefotaxime', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Risk Factors', 'Sepsis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,369,992 | Do telomerase-specific T-cells kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Adoptive cell transfer is described as an innovative and challenging option for the treatment of malignant melanoma. In the current study, the generation and expansion of telomerase-specific T-cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model was investigated.",
"Telomerase-specific T-cells were generated either in vitro by coculture of human lymphocytes with telomerase-peptide-pulsed dendritic cells or in vivo by injection of peptide plus adjuvant into C57BL/6 mice. Spleens were harvested after immunization and lymphocytes were expanded in the presence of feeder cells. T-cells were tested in vitro against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched, telomerase-positive pancreatic carcinoma cells. Tumor-bearing (subcutaneous) mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide were injected intravenously with the expanded cells.",
"It was possible to generate and expand telomerase-specific T-cells with cytotoxic activity. The protocol did not work as well in the murine setting. However, adoptive cell transfer with murine antigen-specific T-cells delayed disease progression in tumor-bearing mice significantly."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adoptive Transfer",
"Animals",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating",
"Carcinoma",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Disease Progression",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Spleen",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Telomerase",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | Generation of antigen-specific T-cells is feasible; the expansion of these cells could be accomplished without loss of function. Antigen-specific T-cells demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity in a syngeneic, subcutaneous mouse model. However, further optimization of the expansion protocol is warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do telomerase-specific T-cells kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adoptive cell transfer is described as an innovative and challenging option for the treatment of malignant melanoma. In the current study, the generation and expansion of telomerase-specific T-cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model was investigated.', 'Telomerase-specific T-cells were generated either in vitro by coculture of human lymphocytes with telomerase-peptide-pulsed dendritic cells or in vivo by injection of peptide plus adjuvant into C57BL/6 mice. Spleens were harvested after immunization and lymphocytes were expanded in the presence of feeder cells. T-cells were tested in vitro against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched, telomerase-positive pancreatic carcinoma cells. Tumor-bearing (subcutaneous) mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide were injected intravenously with the expanded cells.', 'It was possible to generate and expand telomerase-specific T-cells with cytotoxic activity. The protocol did not work as well in the murine setting. However, adoptive cell transfer with murine antigen-specific T-cells delayed disease progression in tumor-bearing mice significantly.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Carcinoma', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Disease Progression', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Telomerase', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,542 | Does activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in osteoarthritis lead to increased stimulation of chondrocytes and synoviocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The major risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) is aging, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are only partly understood. Age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could be one of these mechanisms. We undertook this study to investigate the role of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in mediating the cellular effects of AGEs on chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).",
"AGE levels in human cartilage were determined by fluorescence, browning, and pentosidine levels. Chondrocyte activation by AGEs was assessed as the release of proteoglycans and the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and type II collagen messenger RNA (mRNA). The activation of FLS by AGEs was measured by MMP-1 production and invasion through matrix proteins.",
"Patients with focal degeneration of cartilage showed increased AGE levels in their healthy cartilage compared with the levels in healthy cartilage from donors without cartilage degeneration (P < 0.01 for both fluorescence and browning; P not significant for pentosidine content). Stimulation of bovine chondrocytes with glycated albumin increased the release of proteoglycans by 110% (P < 0.001) and the production of MMP-1 mRNA by 200% (P = 0.028). In addition, OA FLS produced 240% more MMP-1 when stimulated with glycated albumin (P < 0.001). Glycated matrix or albumin increased the catabolic activity of OA FLS, which was assessed as invasive behavior, by 150% and 140% (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010), respectively. Effects of stimulation with AGEs were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against RAGE, but not by an isotype control."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cadaver",
"Chondrocytes",
"Fibroblasts",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Humans",
"Osteoarthritis",
"Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products",
"Receptors, Immunologic",
"Synovial Membrane"
]
} | This study shows that AGEs trigger RAGE on chondrocytes and FLS, leading to increased catabolic activity and therefore to cartilage degradation. AGEs, via RAGE, could therefore contribute to the development and/or progression of OA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in osteoarthritis lead to increased stimulation of chondrocytes and synoviocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The major risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) is aging, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are only partly understood. Age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could be one of these mechanisms. We undertook this study to investigate the role of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in mediating the cellular effects of AGEs on chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).', 'AGE levels in human cartilage were determined by fluorescence, browning, and pentosidine levels. Chondrocyte activation by AGEs was assessed as the release of proteoglycans and the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and type II collagen messenger RNA (mRNA). The activation of FLS by AGEs was measured by MMP-1 production and invasion through matrix proteins.', 'Patients with focal degeneration of cartilage showed increased AGE levels in their healthy cartilage compared with the levels in healthy cartilage from donors without cartilage degeneration (P < 0.01 for both fluorescence and browning; P not significant for pentosidine content). Stimulation of bovine chondrocytes with glycated albumin increased the release of proteoglycans by 110% (P < 0.001) and the production of MMP-1 mRNA by 200% (P = 0.028). In addition, OA FLS produced 240% more MMP-1 when stimulated with glycated albumin (P < 0.001). Glycated matrix or albumin increased the catabolic activity of OA FLS, which was assessed as invasive behavior, by 150% and 140% (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010), respectively. Effects of stimulation with AGEs were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against RAGE, but not by an isotype control.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cadaver', 'Chondrocytes', 'Fibroblasts', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Humans', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Synovial Membrane']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,405 | Is lymphopenia at presentation associated with increased risk of infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently suffer from infections, but the predisposing risk factors, as well as the exact frequency and nature of such infections, are not fully understood.",
"To describe the frequency, types and risk factors for infections in a group of Chinese patients in the early stage of SLE in Hong Kong.",
"Retrospective record study.",
"We reviewed the case records of 91 Chinese SLE patients, presenting <12 months after SLE diagnosis. Details of major infections (requiring intravenous antimicrobial therapy, or any confirmed mycobacterial infection) and minor infections were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory features, the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) at presentation and drug treatment were recorded and analysed.",
"There were 48 major infections and 62 minor infections during 260 patient-years of follow-up. A lymphocyte count < or =1.0 x 10(9)/l at presentation was independently associated with an increased risk for major infection: hazard ratio 4.7 (95%CI 1.6-13.7), p = 0.005. SLEDAI, use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy were all not associated with increased risk of infection."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"Female",
"Hong Kong",
"Humans",
"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic",
"Lymphopenia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Opportunistic Infections",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Lymphopenia was an important risk factor for major infections in this group of Chinese patients in the early stages of SLE. SLE patients with lymphopenia at presentation should be closely monitored for the development of infective complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lymphopenia at presentation associated with increased risk of infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently suffer from infections, but the predisposing risk factors, as well as the exact frequency and nature of such infections, are not fully understood.', 'To describe the frequency, types and risk factors for infections in a group of Chinese patients in the early stage of SLE in Hong Kong.', 'Retrospective record study.', 'We reviewed the case records of 91 Chinese SLE patients, presenting <12 months after SLE diagnosis. Details of major infections (requiring intravenous antimicrobial therapy, or any confirmed mycobacterial infection) and minor infections were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory features, the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) at presentation and drug treatment were recorded and analysed.', 'There were 48 major infections and 62 minor infections during 260 patient-years of follow-up. A lymphocyte count < or =1.0 x 10(9)/l at presentation was independently associated with an increased risk for major infection: hazard ratio 4.7 (95%CI 1.6-13.7), p = 0.005. SLEDAI, use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy were all not associated with increased risk of infection.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Lymphopenia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,488 | Do insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately 50% of subjects with essential hypertension (EH) are insulin resistant, and this defect in insulin action could contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in these patients. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to see if there was a link between insulin resistance (IR) and carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT), an early index of CVD, in patients with essential hypertension.",
"Ultrasound quantification of carotid IMT was performed in 79 hypertensive patients, and 63 patients (31 m and 32 f), defined as being free of plaque (IMT < 1.3 mm), were further subdivided into normal (<1.0 mm) and thickened (1-1.3 mm) IMT groups. Subjects in the thickened IMT group were older and had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma concentrations of fasting insulin, nitric oxide (NO(x)) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). However, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of blood pressure, overall or regional obesity, fasting lipid levels, uric acid, concentrations of other cellular adhesion molecules or levels of C-reactive protein. There were significant (p < 0.05) correlations in the whole population between IMT and age, fasting insulin and NO(x), and multiple regression analysis identified fasting insulin as an independent predictor of IMT."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Biomarkers",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Carotid Stenosis",
"Diabetic Angiopathies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperinsulinism",
"Hypertension",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Regression Analysis",
"Tunica Intima",
"Tunica Media"
]
} | The presence of increased IMT is significantly related to several metabolic and endothelial abnormalities associated with IR/hyperinsulinemia, and fasting insulin independently predicts the thickness of the intima-media layer. These results support the view that CVD risk is greatest in those patients with essential hypertension who are also IR/hyperinsulinemic. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Approximately 50% of subjects with essential hypertension (EH) are insulin resistant, and this defect in insulin action could contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in these patients. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to see if there was a link between insulin resistance (IR) and carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT), an early index of CVD, in patients with essential hypertension.', 'Ultrasound quantification of carotid IMT was performed in 79 hypertensive patients, and 63 patients (31 m and 32 f), defined as being free of plaque (IMT < 1.3 mm), were further subdivided into normal (<1.0 mm) and thickened (1-1.3 mm) IMT groups. Subjects in the thickened IMT group were older and had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma concentrations of fasting insulin, nitric oxide (NO(x)) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). However, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of blood pressure, overall or regional obesity, fasting lipid levels, uric acid, concentrations of other cellular adhesion molecules or levels of C-reactive protein. There were significant (p < 0.05) correlations in the whole population between IMT and age, fasting insulin and NO(x), and multiple regression analysis identified fasting insulin as an independent predictor of IMT.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Biomarkers', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Hypertension', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Regression Analysis', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,487 | Are plasma sitosterol elevations associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men : results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster ( PROCAM ) study? | {
"contexts": [
"Sitosterolemia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by profoundly elevated plasma sitosterol concentrations, is associated with premature atherosclerosis in some individuals. This study was conducted to evaluate if the modest sitosterol elevations seen in the general population are also associated with the occurrence of coronary events.",
"A nested case-control study using stored samples from male participants in the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study was performed. Each of 159 men who suffered a myocardial infarction or sudden coronary death (major coronary event) within 10 years of follow-up in PROCAM was matched with 2 controls (N = 318) by age, smoking status, and date of investigation. Analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Plasma sitosterol concentrations were elevated in cases compared with controls (4.94 +/- 3.44 micromol/L versus 4.27 +/- 2.38 micromol/L; P = 0.028). The upper quartile of sitosterol (>5.25 micromol/L) was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in risk (P < 0.05) compared with the lower three quartiles. Among men with an absolute coronary risk > or = 20% in 10 years as calculated using the PROCAM algorithm, high sitosterol concentrations were associated with an additional 3-fold increase in the incidence of coronary events (P = 0.032); a similar, significant relationship was observed between a high sitosterol/cholesterol ratio and coronary risk (P = 0.030)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cholesterol",
"Cohort Studies",
"Coronary Disease",
"Germany",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sitosterols",
"Smoking"
]
} | Elevations in sitosterol concentrations and the sitosterol/cholesterol ratio appear to be associated with an increased occurrence of major coronary events in men at high global risk of coronary heart disease. Further evaluations are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma sitosterol elevations associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men : results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster ( PROCAM ) study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sitosterolemia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by profoundly elevated plasma sitosterol concentrations, is associated with premature atherosclerosis in some individuals. This study was conducted to evaluate if the modest sitosterol elevations seen in the general population are also associated with the occurrence of coronary events.', 'A nested case-control study using stored samples from male participants in the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study was performed. Each of 159 men who suffered a myocardial infarction or sudden coronary death (major coronary event) within 10 years of follow-up in PROCAM was matched with 2 controls (N = 318) by age, smoking status, and date of investigation. Analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Plasma sitosterol concentrations were elevated in cases compared with controls (4.94 +/- 3.44 micromol/L versus 4.27 +/- 2.38 micromol/L; P = 0.028). The upper quartile of sitosterol (>5.25 micromol/L) was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in risk (P < 0.05) compared with the lower three quartiles. Among men with an absolute coronary risk > or = 20% in 10 years as calculated using the PROCAM algorithm, high sitosterol concentrations were associated with an additional 3-fold increase in the incidence of coronary events (P = 0.032); a similar, significant relationship was observed between a high sitosterol/cholesterol ratio and coronary risk (P = 0.030).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cholesterol', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Disease', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sitosterols', 'Smoking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,791 | Do polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet? | {
"contexts": [
"Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protect against insulin resistance and obesity in rodents and increase insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. We tested whether the anti-diabetic effects of EPA and DHA involve enhanced production of the endogenous insulin sensitiser, adiponectin.",
"We studied the effects, in an obesity-promoting high-fat diet, of partial replacement of vegetable oils by EPA/DHA concentrate (6% EPA, 51% DHA) over a 5-week period in adult male C57BL/6J mice that either had free access to food or had their food intake restricted by 30%. At the end of the treatment, systemic markers of lipid and glucose metabolism and full-length adiponectin and leptin were measured. Adiponectin (Adipoq) and leptin (Lep) gene expression in dorsolumbar and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and isolated adipocytes was quantified and adipokine production from WAT explants evaluated.",
"In mice with free access to food, plasma triacylglycerols, NEFA, and insulin levels were lower in the presence of EPA/DHA, while glucose and leptin levels were not significantly altered. Food restriction decreased plasma triacylglycerols, glucose, insulin and leptin, but not adiponectin. EPA/DHA increased plasma adiponectin levels, independent of food intake, reflecting the stimulation of Adipoq expression in adipocytes and the release of adiponectin from WAT, particularly from epididymal fat. Expression of Lep and the release of leptin from WAT, while being extremely sensitive to caloric restriction, was unaltered by EPA/DHA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipocytes",
"Adiponectin",
"Adipose Tissue",
"Animals",
"Body Composition",
"Caloric Restriction",
"Dietary Fats",
"Docosahexaenoic Acids",
"Eating",
"Eicosapentaenoic Acid",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Glucose",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Leptin",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Obesity",
"Protein Kinases",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Intake of diets rich in EPA and DHA leads to elevated systemic concentrations of adiponectin, largely independent of food intake or adiposity and explain, to some extent, their anti-diabetic effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protect against insulin resistance and obesity in rodents and increase insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. We tested whether the anti-diabetic effects of EPA and DHA involve enhanced production of the endogenous insulin sensitiser, adiponectin.', 'We studied the effects, in an obesity-promoting high-fat diet, of partial replacement of vegetable oils by EPA/DHA concentrate (6% EPA, 51% DHA) over a 5-week period in adult male C57BL/6J mice that either had free access to food or had their food intake restricted by 30%. At the end of the treatment, systemic markers of lipid and glucose metabolism and full-length adiponectin and leptin were measured. Adiponectin (Adipoq) and leptin (Lep) gene expression in dorsolumbar and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and isolated adipocytes was quantified and adipokine production from WAT explants evaluated.', 'In mice with free access to food, plasma triacylglycerols, NEFA, and insulin levels were lower in the presence of EPA/DHA, while glucose and leptin levels were not significantly altered. Food restriction decreased plasma triacylglycerols, glucose, insulin and leptin, but not adiponectin. EPA/DHA increased plasma adiponectin levels, independent of food intake, reflecting the stimulation of Adipoq expression in adipocytes and the release of adiponectin from WAT, particularly from epididymal fat. Expression of Lep and the release of leptin from WAT, while being extremely sensitive to caloric restriction, was unaltered by EPA/DHA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipocytes', 'Adiponectin', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Body Composition', 'Caloric Restriction', 'Dietary Fats', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Eating', 'Eicosapentaenoic Acid', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Obesity', 'Protein Kinases', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,271 | Does dietary supplementation of carbonate promote spontaneous tumorigenesis in a rat gastric stump model? | {
"contexts": [
"Food supplements are known to affect the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, an animal model of gastric resection was used to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate on spontaneous development of gastric adenocarcinoma.",
"Ninety-two Wistar rats with gastric resections (performed to induce spontaneous gastric cancer) and 60 without resections (controls) were used to analyse the carcinogenic potential of different ion supplements in food.",
"Among the resected rats, cancer developed in 3 out of 18 (17%, NS) given NaCl but in 11 out of 18 (61%, p<0.01) exposed to calcium carbonate. No tumours were found in the unresected (unoperated) animals. These findings were further analysed by separately investigating the effects of calcium and carbonate ions on tumorigenesis in the gastric stump model. Cancer developed in one of 26 (4%) resected animals given a diet supplemented with CaHPO(4), which was lower than the rate observed in the resected control group fed a normal diet, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, tumour development increased significantly in the resected animals given a diet supplemented with NaHCO(3) (tumours in 13 out of 24 rats, 54%; p<0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Animals",
"Calcium Carbonate",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Gastric Stump",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Stomach Neoplasms"
]
} | The present results reveal a significant role for carbonate in the induction of gastric carcinoma in the rat. The relevance of this finding is underlined by the fact that carbonate is a major constituent of intestinal reflux into the stomach, and that such reflux is considered to be one of the major causes of gastric cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dietary supplementation of carbonate promote spontaneous tumorigenesis in a rat gastric stump model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Food supplements are known to affect the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, an animal model of gastric resection was used to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate on spontaneous development of gastric adenocarcinoma.', 'Ninety-two Wistar rats with gastric resections (performed to induce spontaneous gastric cancer) and 60 without resections (controls) were used to analyse the carcinogenic potential of different ion supplements in food.', 'Among the resected rats, cancer developed in 3 out of 18 (17%, NS) given NaCl but in 11 out of 18 (61%, p<0.01) exposed to calcium carbonate. No tumours were found in the unresected (unoperated) animals. These findings were further analysed by separately investigating the effects of calcium and carbonate ions on tumorigenesis in the gastric stump model. Cancer developed in one of 26 (4%) resected animals given a diet supplemented with CaHPO(4), which was lower than the rate observed in the resected control group fed a normal diet, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, tumour development increased significantly in the resected animals given a diet supplemented with NaHCO(3) (tumours in 13 out of 24 rats, 54%; p<0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gastric Stump', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stomach Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,273 | Does reverse gastric pacing reduce food intake without inducing symptoms in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the therapeutic potential of reverse gastric pacing (RGP) for obesity by studying the effects of RGP on food intake and symptoms in dogs.",
"The study was performed in 9 dogs in 3 sessions (control, strong RGP and moderate RGP). Gastric myoelectrical activity and food intake were measured in each session. RGP was performed using serosal electrodes implanted in the distal stomach at the physiological frequency of the intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity with a pulse width of 550-950 ms. The amplitude of the stimulus was set at a level maximally tolerable by the animals in the strong RGP session and 50% of the maximum level in the moderate session.",
"1) Compared with the control, strong RGP (p<0.001) and moderate RGP (p<0.01) significantly reduced the amount of food intake by 62.9% and 31.7%, respectively (p<0.05, ANOVA). 2) Whereas strong RGP induced significant symptoms, moderate RGP did not induce any significant symptoms in comparison with the control session. 3) The regularity and coupling of gastric myoelectrical activity were significantly impaired with both strong RGP and moderate RGP in the fasting state."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Dogs",
"Eating",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electrophysiology",
"Female",
"Myoelectric Complex, Migrating",
"Obesity",
"Stomach"
]
} | RGP impairs intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity and substantially and acutely reduces food intake. The reduced food intake and freedom from symptoms resulting from moderate RGP are indicative of the therapeutic potential of RGP in obesity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does reverse gastric pacing reduce food intake without inducing symptoms in dogs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the therapeutic potential of reverse gastric pacing (RGP) for obesity by studying the effects of RGP on food intake and symptoms in dogs.', 'The study was performed in 9 dogs in 3 sessions (control, strong RGP and moderate RGP). Gastric myoelectrical activity and food intake were measured in each session. RGP was performed using serosal electrodes implanted in the distal stomach at the physiological frequency of the intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity with a pulse width of 550-950 ms. The amplitude of the stimulus was set at a level maximally tolerable by the animals in the strong RGP session and 50% of the maximum level in the moderate session.', '1) Compared with the control, strong RGP (p<0.001) and moderate RGP (p<0.01) significantly reduced the amount of food intake by 62.9% and 31.7%, respectively (p<0.05, ANOVA). 2) Whereas strong RGP induced significant symptoms, moderate RGP did not induce any significant symptoms in comparison with the control session. 3) The regularity and coupling of gastric myoelectrical activity were significantly impaired with both strong RGP and moderate RGP in the fasting state.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Eating', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Myoelectric Complex, Migrating', 'Obesity', 'Stomach']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,275 | Do coeliac children on a gluten-free diet with or without oats display equal anti-avenin antibody titres? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies report negligible toxicity of oats in the majority of coeliac disease (CD) patients. It has previously been shown that children with untreated CD have circulating antibodies to oats avenin. In this study we performed serial assessments of anti-avenin antibodies in children under investigation for CD on a gluten-free diet with or without oats.",
"The study involved 116 children, randomized to a standard gluten-free diet or a gluten-free diet supplemented with oats. Sera were obtained from 86 children, 48 in the standard gluten-free group and 38 in the gluten-free oats group, of which 33 consumed at least 10 g of oats daily. IgA and IgG anti-avenin antibodies were monitored at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. Nitric oxide metabolites were measured in 7 patients, with deviating antibody results.",
"There was a significant decrease in anti-avenin antibodies in both groups at the end as compared to the beginning of the study, (p<0.001), but no difference was found between the two groups. IgA titres already declined after 3 months. IgG titres, although significantly decreased, remained high in the majority of patients in both groups. Nitric oxide levels were high in four of the analysed samples."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies",
"Avena",
"Celiac Disease",
"Child",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Male",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Plant Proteins",
"Prolamins"
]
} | Oats per se, do not seem to produce a humoral immune reaction in children with CD when given in an otherwise gluten-free diet, indicating that the reaction requires gluten challenge. Anti-avenin antibodies were equal in the two study groups, and these findings strengthen the clinical impression that oats can be tolerated by the majority of patients with CD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do coeliac children on a gluten-free diet with or without oats display equal anti-avenin antibody titres?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent studies report negligible toxicity of oats in the majority of coeliac disease (CD) patients. It has previously been shown that children with untreated CD have circulating antibodies to oats avenin. In this study we performed serial assessments of anti-avenin antibodies in children under investigation for CD on a gluten-free diet with or without oats.', 'The study involved 116 children, randomized to a standard gluten-free diet or a gluten-free diet supplemented with oats. Sera were obtained from 86 children, 48 in the standard gluten-free group and 38 in the gluten-free oats group, of which 33 consumed at least 10 g of oats daily. IgA and IgG anti-avenin antibodies were monitored at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. Nitric oxide metabolites were measured in 7 patients, with deviating antibody results.', 'There was a significant decrease in anti-avenin antibodies in both groups at the end as compared to the beginning of the study, (p<0.001), but no difference was found between the two groups. IgA titres already declined after 3 months. IgG titres, although significantly decreased, remained high in the majority of patients in both groups. Nitric oxide levels were high in four of the analysed samples.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies', 'Avena', 'Celiac Disease', 'Child', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Plant Proteins', 'Prolamins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,020 | Is spirometry related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal asthma symptoms and pulmonary function are related to adverse perinatal outcomes.",
"Asthmatic patients were recruited from the 16 centers of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was obtained at enrollment and at monthly study visits, and the frequency of asthma symptoms was assessed from enrollment to delivery. Perinatal data were obtained at postpartum chart reviews.",
"The final cohort included 2123 participants with asthma. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, smoking, acute asthmatic episodes, and oral corticosteroid use, significant relationships were demonstrated between gestational hypertension and preterm birth and lower maternal gestational forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The data did not show any significant independent relationship between asthma symptom frequency and perinatal outcomes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Forced Expiratory Volume",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced",
"Incidence",
"Lung",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications",
"Pregnancy Outcome",
"Premature Birth",
"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
"Spirometry"
]
} | Lower pulmonary function during pregnancy is associated with increased gestational hypertension and prematurity in the pregnancies of women with asthma, which may be due to inadequate asthma control or factors that are associated with increased asthma severity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is spirometry related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal asthma symptoms and pulmonary function are related to adverse perinatal outcomes.', 'Asthmatic patients were recruited from the 16 centers of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was obtained at enrollment and at monthly study visits, and the frequency of asthma symptoms was assessed from enrollment to delivery. Perinatal data were obtained at postpartum chart reviews.', 'The final cohort included 2123 participants with asthma. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, smoking, acute asthmatic episodes, and oral corticosteroid use, significant relationships were demonstrated between gestational hypertension and preterm birth and lower maternal gestational forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The data did not show any significant independent relationship between asthma symptom frequency and perinatal outcomes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced', 'Incidence', 'Lung', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Premature Birth', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Spirometry']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,904 | Is older colder : temperature range and variation in older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain body temperatures in older people.",
"Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.",
"A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.",
"One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.",
"Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.",
"The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Body Temperature",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Reference Values"
]
} | Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is older colder : temperature range and variation in older people?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To ascertain body temperatures in older people.', 'Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.', 'A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.', 'One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.', 'Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.', 'The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Body Temperature', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,382 | Is house dust mite sensitivity a factor in chronic urticaria? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic urticaria is one of the perplexing problems faced by clinicians. There are a few reports associating house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria, based upon the patient's history as well as intradermal skin testing and in vitro analysis.",
"To investigate the possible association between house dust mite sensitivity and chronic urticaria.",
"In this case control study three groups of patients were enrolled. Group I: Chronic urticaria (73 subjects). Group II: Chronic urticaria with collateral allergic disorders (49 subjects). Group III: Normal subjects without chronic urticaria or other allergies (25 subjects). All the patients underwent skin prick testing with antigens of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), with positive and negative controls.",
"Among the patients with chronic urticaria, 78/122 (64%) patients had skin sensitivity to house dust mites. Out of these, 39/73 (53%) had chronic urticaria alone and 39/49 (79%) had chronic urticaria with other associated allergies. Among the normal control subjects, 7/25(28%) reacted positively to house dust mites."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Chronic Disease",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Pyroglyphidae",
"Urticaria"
]
} | This study suggests a possible association of house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is house dust mite sensitivity a factor in chronic urticaria?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Chronic urticaria is one of the perplexing problems faced by clinicians. There are a few reports associating house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria, based upon the patient's history as well as intradermal skin testing and in vitro analysis.\", 'To investigate the possible association between house dust mite sensitivity and chronic urticaria.', 'In this case control study three groups of patients were enrolled. Group I: Chronic urticaria (73 subjects). Group II: Chronic urticaria with collateral allergic disorders (49 subjects). Group III: Normal subjects without chronic urticaria or other allergies (25 subjects). All the patients underwent skin prick testing with antigens of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), with positive and negative controls.', 'Among the patients with chronic urticaria, 78/122 (64%) patients had skin sensitivity to house dust mites. Out of these, 39/73 (53%) had chronic urticaria alone and 39/49 (79%) had chronic urticaria with other associated allergies. Among the normal control subjects, 7/25(28%) reacted positively to house dust mites.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pyroglyphidae', 'Urticaria']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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