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stringlengths 17
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,390,466 | Is collagen degradation by interleukin-1beta-stimulated gingival fibroblasts accompanied by release and activation of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases? | {
"contexts": [
"Several collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been identified in gingival fibroblasts, while secreted cysteine proteinases could also participate in connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. To clarify their involvement, we examined enzyme release during collagen breakdown by cultured cytokine-stimulated fibroblasts.",
"Gingival fibroblasts were derived from four chronic periodontitis patients and cultured on collagen gels in serum-free medium for 1-4 days. Collagenolysis was measured by hydroxyproline release into the medium. Proteinases were assessed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.",
"Adding interleukin-1beta resulted in progressive gel breakdown. This was associated particularly with a shift in MMP-1 band position from proenzyme to active enzyme and the appearance of active as well as proenzyme forms of cathepsin B. There was also partial processing of pro-MMP-13 and increased immunoreactivity for active cathepsin L. In addition, both pro-forms and active forms of MMP-8, membrane-type-1-MMP and MMP-2 were present in control and treated cultures."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cathepsin B",
"Collagen Type I",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Female",
"Fibroblasts",
"Gingiva",
"Humans",
"Hydroxyproline",
"Interleukin-1",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Middle Aged",
"Periodontitis"
]
} | Fibroblast MMP-1 was most likely responsible for collagen dissolution in the culture model, while cathepsin B may have been part of an activation pathway. All studied proteinases contribute to extracellular matrix destruction in inflamed gingival tissue, where they probably activate each other in proteolytic cascades. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is collagen degradation by interleukin-1beta-stimulated gingival fibroblasts accompanied by release and activation of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been identified in gingival fibroblasts, while secreted cysteine proteinases could also participate in connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. To clarify their involvement, we examined enzyme release during collagen breakdown by cultured cytokine-stimulated fibroblasts.', 'Gingival fibroblasts were derived from four chronic periodontitis patients and cultured on collagen gels in serum-free medium for 1-4 days. Collagenolysis was measured by hydroxyproline release into the medium. Proteinases were assessed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.', 'Adding interleukin-1beta resulted in progressive gel breakdown. This was associated particularly with a shift in MMP-1 band position from proenzyme to active enzyme and the appearance of active as well as proenzyme forms of cathepsin B. There was also partial processing of pro-MMP-13 and increased immunoreactivity for active cathepsin L. In addition, both pro-forms and active forms of MMP-8, membrane-type-1-MMP and MMP-2 were present in control and treated cultures.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cathepsin B', 'Collagen Type I', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontitis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,465 | Do increase of MMP-13 expression in multi-stage oral carcinogenesis and epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppress MMP-13 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor progression. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) digests collagen and other extracellular components.",
"Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and zymograph were used to study the roles of MMP-13 during the neoplastic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).",
"Increase of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines relative to cultivated normal oral keratinocytes was found. MMP-13 mRNA expression in OSCC was significantly higher than in non-cancerous match tissue (NCMT) in 36 tissue pairs. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma also exhibited high MMP-13 mRNA expression. The percentage of OSCC exhibiting strong MMP-13 immunoreactivity was significantly higher than pre-invasive lesion and NCMT. Treatment with >5 microm epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to OEC-M1 cells suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-13."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anticarcinogenic Agents",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Catechin",
"Collagenases",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 13",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors",
"Middle Aged",
"Mouth Neoplasms",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Protease Inhibitors",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | MMP-13 could be a potential tumor marker for OSCC. The effects of EGCG in tumor inhibition may act partially through the modulation of MMP-13. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do increase of MMP-13 expression in multi-stage oral carcinogenesis and epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppress MMP-13 expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor progression. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) digests collagen and other extracellular components.', 'Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and zymograph were used to study the roles of MMP-13 during the neoplastic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).', 'Increase of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines relative to cultivated normal oral keratinocytes was found. MMP-13 mRNA expression in OSCC was significantly higher than in non-cancerous match tissue (NCMT) in 36 tissue pairs. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma also exhibited high MMP-13 mRNA expression. The percentage of OSCC exhibiting strong MMP-13 immunoreactivity was significantly higher than pre-invasive lesion and NCMT. Treatment with >5 microm epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to OEC-M1 cells suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-13.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Catechin', 'Collagenases', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 13', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,101 | Does intensive continuing medical education course training on simulators result in proficiency for laparoscopic suturing? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a validated suturing curriculum as a free-standing continuing medical education (CME) course.",
"Eighteen participants (9 practicing surgeons, 9 surgery residents) attended a 4-hour laparoscopic suturing CME course. After viewing an instructional videotape all participants had their baseline performance measured on a fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery-type videotrainer suture model. Participants then practiced on the model with active instruction from 6 proctors until a previously reported proficiency level was achieved or until the course ended. Performance was scored objectively based on time and errors. Precourse and postcourse questionnaires were collected.",
"Participants trained for 2.6 +/- .8 hours and performed 37 +/- 11 repetitions. Although no participant was proficient at baseline, 72% achieved the proficiency level by the end of the course. Participants showed 44% improvement in objective scores and 34% improvement according to subjective self-rating."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Clinical Competence",
"Computer Simulation",
"Curriculum",
"Education, Medical, Continuing",
"Educational Measurement",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Laparoscopy",
"Male",
"Man-Machine Systems",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Educational",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Surgical Procedures, Operative",
"Suture Techniques"
]
} | Although 4 hours may be insufficient for some trainees, an intensive half-day CME course is feasible and effective in significantly improving performance and allowing the majority of participants to achieve proficiency. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intensive continuing medical education course training on simulators result in proficiency for laparoscopic suturing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a validated suturing curriculum as a free-standing continuing medical education (CME) course.', 'Eighteen participants (9 practicing surgeons, 9 surgery residents) attended a 4-hour laparoscopic suturing CME course. After viewing an instructional videotape all participants had their baseline performance measured on a fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery-type videotrainer suture model. Participants then practiced on the model with active instruction from 6 proctors until a previously reported proficiency level was achieved or until the course ended. Performance was scored objectively based on time and errors. Precourse and postcourse questionnaires were collected.', 'Participants trained for 2.6 +/- .8 hours and performed 37 +/- 11 repetitions. Although no participant was proficient at baseline, 72% achieved the proficiency level by the end of the course. Participants showed 44% improvement in objective scores and 34% improvement according to subjective self-rating.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Clinical Competence', 'Computer Simulation', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Educational Measurement', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Man-Machine Systems', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Educational', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Suture Techniques']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,104 | Do abdominal positron-emission tomography lesions with increased standardized uptake values correlate with intraoperative findings? | {
"contexts": [
"The reporting of standardized uptake value (SUV) on fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) in colorectal cancer is becoming common practice, but its clinical utility remains to be determined. This study was designed to compare FDG-PET uptake as measured by SUV with operative findings.",
"A colorectal cancer database was queried to identify patients who underwent FDG-PET scans with reported SUVs followed by exploratory laparotomy within 3 months and compare these results to determine FDG-PET sensitivity.",
"Of 46 patients, 16 (34.8%) were found to be have increased extent of disease intraoperatively than seen on FDG-PET scan. This patient population had a statistically significant decreased mean maximal SUV than the patients whose FDG-PET scan equaled intraoperative findings (P < .025)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdomen",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Fluorodeoxyglucose F18",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Surgical Procedures, Operative"
]
} | This initial study indicates patients with potentially resectable disease by PET scan but decreased FDG uptake should undergo laparoscopic evaluation before performing laparotomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do abdominal positron-emission tomography lesions with increased standardized uptake values correlate with intraoperative findings?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The reporting of standardized uptake value (SUV) on fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) in colorectal cancer is becoming common practice, but its clinical utility remains to be determined. This study was designed to compare FDG-PET uptake as measured by SUV with operative findings.', 'A colorectal cancer database was queried to identify patients who underwent FDG-PET scans with reported SUVs followed by exploratory laparotomy within 3 months and compare these results to determine FDG-PET sensitivity.', 'Of 46 patients, 16 (34.8%) were found to be have increased extent of disease intraoperatively than seen on FDG-PET scan. This patient population had a statistically significant decreased mean maximal SUV than the patients whose FDG-PET scan equaled intraoperative findings (P < .025).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdomen', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,262 | Does chlorthalidone improve endothelial-mediated vascular responses in hypertension complicated by nondiabetic metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The study was conducted to evaluate the vascular effects of chlorthalidone, a distal tubule-acting natriuretic agent, in hypertensive patients with nondiabetic metabolic syndrome, an insulin-resistant condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction and high risk for diabetes mellitus development.",
"Thirteen untreated hypertensive patients with Adult Treatment Panel-III-defined nondiabetic metabolic syndrome were assigned to 3-month treatment with chlorthalidone. The end-points were baseline and post-treatment evaluation of (1) forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) responses to graded intra-arterial acetylcholine infusion to test endothelial-mediated vasomotor function, with sodium nitroprusside as a control for endothelium-independent vasodilatation; (2) minimum forearm vascular resistance, the ratio of mean blood pressure and maximal blood flow in response to 13-minute arterial occlusion, as a hemodynamic correlate of arteriolar structure; and (3) transcapillary albumin escape rate (the 1-hour decay rate of (125)I-albumin, 6-8 microC ev) as a measure of systemic capillary permeability. Additional measurements included baseline and posttreatment lipids, fasting, and postload glucose and insulin as well as the homeostasis model assessment, an index of insulin sensitivity.",
"Chlorthalidone reduced blood pressure, augmented acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation, decreased minimum forearm resistance, and slowed the transcapillary albumin escape rate. Metabolic parameters did not change significantly except for an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Blood Pressure",
"Capillaries",
"Chlorthalidone",
"Diuretics",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Forearm",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Serum Albumin",
"Vascular Resistance",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | Chlorthalidone improved endothelial function, reversed abnormal arteriolar structure, and slowed albumin permeation in hypertensive patients with nondiabetic metabolic syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chlorthalidone improve endothelial-mediated vascular responses in hypertension complicated by nondiabetic metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The study was conducted to evaluate the vascular effects of chlorthalidone, a distal tubule-acting natriuretic agent, in hypertensive patients with nondiabetic metabolic syndrome, an insulin-resistant condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction and high risk for diabetes mellitus development.', 'Thirteen untreated hypertensive patients with Adult Treatment Panel-III-defined nondiabetic metabolic syndrome were assigned to 3-month treatment with chlorthalidone. The end-points were baseline and post-treatment evaluation of (1) forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) responses to graded intra-arterial acetylcholine infusion to test endothelial-mediated vasomotor function, with sodium nitroprusside as a control for endothelium-independent vasodilatation; (2) minimum forearm vascular resistance, the ratio of mean blood pressure and maximal blood flow in response to 13-minute arterial occlusion, as a hemodynamic correlate of arteriolar structure; and (3) transcapillary albumin escape rate (the 1-hour decay rate of (125)I-albumin, 6-8 microC ev) as a measure of systemic capillary permeability. Additional measurements included baseline and posttreatment lipids, fasting, and postload glucose and insulin as well as the homeostasis model assessment, an index of insulin sensitivity.', 'Chlorthalidone reduced blood pressure, augmented acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation, decreased minimum forearm resistance, and slowed the transcapillary albumin escape rate. Metabolic parameters did not change significantly except for an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Capillaries', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Diuretics', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Serum Albumin', 'Vascular Resistance', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,263 | Does heparin therapy lead to platelet activation and prolongation of PFA-100 closure time? | {
"contexts": [
"Heparin is used in the treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic events, including unstable angina. Once unfractionated heparin is discontinued during the acute phase of unstable angina, it has been demonstrated that the disease process may be reactivated within hours. It is hypothesized that this reactivation may be a result of direct platelet activation by heparin that can linger even after the drug itself has been stopped. Prior studies have shown that heparin can either increase or decrease platelet activation. More recent studies have also shown conflicting effects of unfractionated heparin on PFA-100 testing.",
"We studied the in-vitro effects of unfractionated heparin on platelet function and PFA-100 testing. Unfractionated heparin was incubated with whole blood taken from 18 healthy volunteers. Platelet activation and aggregation was assessed with and without the presence of heparin.",
"Platelet aggregation and activation were increased in the presence of heparin. Unfractionated heparin also significantly prolonged collagen/adenosine diphosphate closure time but did not affect collagen/epinephrine closure time."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anticoagulants",
"Blood Platelets",
"Female",
"Heparin",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Platelet Activation",
"Platelet Aggregation",
"Platelet Count",
"Platelet Function Tests",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Unfractionated heparin leads to direct platelet activation and increases platelet aggregation in vitro. Unfractionated heparin causes prolongation of the collagen/adenosine diphosphate closure time in PFA-100 testing, possibly as a result of direct binding to von Willebrand factor in solution and interference with von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein Ib binding. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does heparin therapy lead to platelet activation and prolongation of PFA-100 closure time?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Heparin is used in the treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic events, including unstable angina. Once unfractionated heparin is discontinued during the acute phase of unstable angina, it has been demonstrated that the disease process may be reactivated within hours. It is hypothesized that this reactivation may be a result of direct platelet activation by heparin that can linger even after the drug itself has been stopped. Prior studies have shown that heparin can either increase or decrease platelet activation. More recent studies have also shown conflicting effects of unfractionated heparin on PFA-100 testing.', 'We studied the in-vitro effects of unfractionated heparin on platelet function and PFA-100 testing. Unfractionated heparin was incubated with whole blood taken from 18 healthy volunteers. Platelet activation and aggregation was assessed with and without the presence of heparin.', 'Platelet aggregation and activation were increased in the presence of heparin. Unfractionated heparin also significantly prolonged collagen/adenosine diphosphate closure time but did not affect collagen/epinephrine closure time.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anticoagulants', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Activation', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Count', 'Platelet Function Tests', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,388,741 | Does [ p42/44 MAPK mediate synthesis of fractalkine by mesangial cells stimulated by connective tissue growth factor ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) induces the production of fractalkine(FLK) by glomerular mesangial cells of rats, and explore the mechanism of signal pathway of CTGF actions.",
"The mRNA expression of FLK was analyzed by RT-PCR in cultured mesangial cells stimulated by CTGF. The protein of FLK in the supernatants of cells was determined by ELISA. The chemotactic effect of the supernatants on monocytes was assessed by the in vitro chemotaxis assay. The phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK was assessed by Western blot.",
"Treatment of the cells with CTGF enhanced the mRNA expression of FLK and concentration of FLK in the supernatants. Pretreatment of the supernatants of CTGF-treated cells with anti-FLK antibodies partially inhibited the chemotactic effect of the supernatants on monocytes. CTGF increased the p42/44MAPK phosphorylation. Pretreatment of the cells with PD98059 or UO126, inhibitors of phosphorylated p42/44 MAKP, decreased the CTGF-induced expression of phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK and concentration of FLK in supernatants."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line",
"Chemokine CX3CL1",
"Connective Tissue Growth Factor",
"Mesangial Cells",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Phosphorylation",
"Rats",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | CTGF-induced secretion of FLK by mesangial cells was associated with the phosphorylation of p24/p44 MAPK. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ p42/44 MAPK mediate synthesis of fractalkine by mesangial cells stimulated by connective tissue growth factor ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine whether connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) induces the production of fractalkine(FLK) by glomerular mesangial cells of rats, and explore the mechanism of signal pathway of CTGF actions.', 'The mRNA expression of FLK was analyzed by RT-PCR in cultured mesangial cells stimulated by CTGF. The protein of FLK in the supernatants of cells was determined by ELISA. The chemotactic effect of the supernatants on monocytes was assessed by the in vitro chemotaxis assay. The phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK was assessed by Western blot.', 'Treatment of the cells with CTGF enhanced the mRNA expression of FLK and concentration of FLK in the supernatants. Pretreatment of the supernatants of CTGF-treated cells with anti-FLK antibodies partially inhibited the chemotactic effect of the supernatants on monocytes. CTGF increased the p42/44MAPK phosphorylation. Pretreatment of the cells with PD98059 or UO126, inhibitors of phosphorylated p42/44 MAKP, decreased the CTGF-induced expression of phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK and concentration of FLK in supernatants.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Chemokine CX3CL1', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Mesangial Cells', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,654 | Does analysis of neovascularization of PEGT/PBT-copolymer dermis substitute in balb/c-mice? | {
"contexts": [
"A fundamental prerequisite for using degradable synthetic biopolymers as composite skin substitutes is the ability to establish vascular tissue. PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices have previously been shown as a favorable dermal substitute. In this study, quantitative data on neovascularization of PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices are presented.",
"PEGT/PBT-block-copolymer discs of three different pore diameters (1: < 75 microm, 2: 75-212 microm, 3: 250-300 microm) were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of balb/c mice. Histological sections were evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days post implantation by light and scanning electron microscopy. Blood vessel analysis was performed by means of digital image analysis (n = 288) of hematoxylin/eosin stained sections within apical (AOF) and basal (BOF) observation fields of the matrices.",
"Twenty-one days after implantation the density of blood vessels within the BOF of the scaffolds with a pore size of 75-212 and 250-300 microm were 4.6 +/- 0.45 and 5.8 +/- 0.62 (mean +/- S.E.M.; blood vessel profiles (BVF)), respectively. In <75 microm scaffolds, smaller numbers of BVF were found (4.2 +/- 0.39). In contrast, the evaluation within the AOF revealed significantly higher numbers of BVF in 75-212 microm group (3.5 +/- 0.49) and 250-300 microm group (4.5 +/- 0.66) as compared to the < 75 microm group (2.3 +/- 0.48)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biocompatible Materials",
"Burns",
"Female",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Polyesters",
"Polyethylene Glycols",
"Skin",
"Skin Physiological Phenomena",
"Skin, Artificial",
"Tissue Engineering",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | There is evidence that the three-dimensional structure of PEGT/PBT-block-copolymer (pore size structure) influences neovascularization. The porous structures of copolymer matrices with adequate interconnection of pores (pore sizes of 75-212 and 250-300 microm) are characterized by faster ingrowth of vascular tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does analysis of neovascularization of PEGT/PBT-copolymer dermis substitute in balb/c-mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A fundamental prerequisite for using degradable synthetic biopolymers as composite skin substitutes is the ability to establish vascular tissue. PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices have previously been shown as a favorable dermal substitute. In this study, quantitative data on neovascularization of PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices are presented.', 'PEGT/PBT-block-copolymer discs of three different pore diameters (1: < 75 microm, 2: 75-212 microm, 3: 250-300 microm) were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of balb/c mice. Histological sections were evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days post implantation by light and scanning electron microscopy. Blood vessel analysis was performed by means of digital image analysis (n = 288) of hematoxylin/eosin stained sections within apical (AOF) and basal (BOF) observation fields of the matrices.', 'Twenty-one days after implantation the density of blood vessels within the BOF of the scaffolds with a pore size of 75-212 and 250-300 microm were 4.6 +/- 0.45 and 5.8 +/- 0.62 (mean +/- S.E.M.; blood vessel profiles (BVF)), respectively. In <75 microm scaffolds, smaller numbers of BVF were found (4.2 +/- 0.39). In contrast, the evaluation within the AOF revealed significantly higher numbers of BVF in 75-212 microm group (3.5 +/- 0.49) and 250-300 microm group (4.5 +/- 0.66) as compared to the < 75 microm group (2.3 +/- 0.48).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Burns', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Polyesters', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Skin', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Skin, Artificial', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,095 | Does weight loss reduce adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women? | {
"contexts": [
"Human adipose tissue produces several adipokines, including the newly identified protein cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Obesity is characterized by high levels of CTSS in the circulation and in sc white adipose tissue (scWAT).",
"We investigated the effect of surgery-induced weight loss on circulating CTSS and its protein expression in scWAT.",
"Fifty morbidly obese women before and 3 months after surgery and 10 healthy lean women were studied. We analyzed the relationships between circulating CTSS and clinical and biological parameters. Immunohistochemistry of the CTSS protein variations in scWAT was performed.",
"Weight loss decreased by 42% (P < 0.0001) the circulating CTSS levels, which correlated with changes in body weight (P = 0.03). We observed a significant decrease in CTSS enzymatic activity by 25% after weight loss (P = 0.001). Adipose tissue CTSS content was reduced by 30% (P = 0.002) after surgery. The variations in CTSS expression in scWAT after surgery correlated with changes in circulating CTSS serum levels (P = 0.03). Most of the correlations between CTSS and clinical and biological parameters disappeared after adjustment for body mass index, emphasizing the strong link between CTSS and corpulence in humans."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Blood Vessels",
"Body Mass Index",
"Body Weight",
"Cathepsins",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Obesity, Morbid",
"Reference Values",
"Thinness",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | Changes in CTSS scWAT might contribute to serum variations in CTSS during weight loss. The decrease in CTSS concentrations in the circulation may contribute to vascular improvement in obese subjects after weight loss. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does weight loss reduce adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Human adipose tissue produces several adipokines, including the newly identified protein cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Obesity is characterized by high levels of CTSS in the circulation and in sc white adipose tissue (scWAT).', 'We investigated the effect of surgery-induced weight loss on circulating CTSS and its protein expression in scWAT.', 'Fifty morbidly obese women before and 3 months after surgery and 10 healthy lean women were studied. We analyzed the relationships between circulating CTSS and clinical and biological parameters. Immunohistochemistry of the CTSS protein variations in scWAT was performed.', 'Weight loss decreased by 42% (P < 0.0001) the circulating CTSS levels, which correlated with changes in body weight (P = 0.03). We observed a significant decrease in CTSS enzymatic activity by 25% after weight loss (P = 0.001). Adipose tissue CTSS content was reduced by 30% (P = 0.002) after surgery. The variations in CTSS expression in scWAT after surgery correlated with changes in circulating CTSS serum levels (P = 0.03). Most of the correlations between CTSS and clinical and biological parameters disappeared after adjustment for body mass index, emphasizing the strong link between CTSS and corpulence in humans.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Blood Vessels', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Cathepsins', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Reference Values', 'Thinness', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,090 | Do common polymorphisms of the growth hormone ( GH ) receptor correlate with the growth response to exogenous recombinant human GH in GH-deficient children? | {
"contexts": [
"GH acts through the GH receptor (GHR), whose polymorphisms might affect the growth response to recombinant human GH (rhGH).",
"The objective of this study was to investigate possible influences of GHR polymorphisms on the growth response to rhGH in GH-deficient (GHD) children.",
"This was a 2-yr study (first year, spontaneous growth; second year, growth during rhGH treatment).",
"This study was performed at a referral center.",
"Fifty-four prepubertal GHD children (11 females; mean age, 7.8 yr; sd, 3.96) were studied.",
"Patients were treated with rhGH (0.2 mg/kg.wk) for at least 1 yr after diagnosis. Growth velocity (GV) was measured 1 yr before treatment and during the first treatment year. GHR exons were amplified by PCR using pairs of intronic primers. The presence of single or multiple mismatches in the PCR products was revealed by denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography. For exons in which mismatches were found by denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography, direct sequencing was performed by automatic sequencer.",
"Before the start of treatment, the mean height (Ht) sd score was -1.93 (sd, 0.70), and the mean GV sd score was -1.49 (sd, 1.26).",
"The posttreatment (first 12 months) mean GV sd score was 3.55 (sd, 3.27). Molecular analysis revealed a high frequency of GHR polymorphisms; in particular: exon 3 deletion (Del 3) in 26 subjects (48%), polymorphism 504 A>G at codon 168 of exon 6 in 44 (82%), and polymorphism 1576 A>C at codon 526 of exon 10 in 35 (65%). In most patients, these different polymorphisms recurred in association. We found no significant differences in GV between the groups of subjects defined by the polymorphic genotypes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Child",
"Female",
"Growth",
"Growth Disorders",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Receptors, Somatotropin",
"Recombinant Proteins"
]
} | The most common GHR polymorphisms, alone or in association, do not appear to affect the growth response to rhGH in GHD children. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do common polymorphisms of the growth hormone ( GH ) receptor correlate with the growth response to exogenous recombinant human GH in GH-deficient children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['GH acts through the GH receptor (GHR), whose polymorphisms might affect the growth response to recombinant human GH (rhGH).', 'The objective of this study was to investigate possible influences of GHR polymorphisms on the growth response to rhGH in GH-deficient (GHD) children.', 'This was a 2-yr study (first year, spontaneous growth; second year, growth during rhGH treatment).', 'This study was performed at a referral center.', 'Fifty-four prepubertal GHD children (11 females; mean age, 7.8 yr; sd, 3.96) were studied.', 'Patients were treated with rhGH (0.2 mg/kg.wk) for at least 1 yr after diagnosis. Growth velocity (GV) was measured 1 yr before treatment and during the first treatment year. GHR exons were amplified by PCR using pairs of intronic primers. The presence of single or multiple mismatches in the PCR products was revealed by denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography. For exons in which mismatches were found by denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography, direct sequencing was performed by automatic sequencer.', 'Before the start of treatment, the mean height (Ht) sd score was -1.93 (sd, 0.70), and the mean GV sd score was -1.49 (sd, 1.26).', 'The posttreatment (first 12 months) mean GV sd score was 3.55 (sd, 3.27). Molecular analysis revealed a high frequency of GHR polymorphisms; in particular: exon 3 deletion (Del 3) in 26 subjects (48%), polymorphism 504 A>G at codon 168 of exon 6 in 44 (82%), and polymorphism 1576 A>C at codon 526 of exon 10 in 35 (65%). In most patients, these different polymorphisms recurred in association. We found no significant differences in GV between the groups of subjects defined by the polymorphic genotypes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Child', 'Female', 'Growth', 'Growth Disorders', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, Somatotropin', 'Recombinant Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,374,169 | Is simulation-based training superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether full-scale simulation (SIM) is superior to interactive problem-based learning (PBL) for teaching medical students acute care assessment and management skills.",
"Randomized controlled trial.",
"Simulation center at a U.S. medical school.",
"Thirty-one fourth-year medical students in a week-long acute care course.",
"After institutional review board approval and informed consent, eligible students were randomized to either the SIM or PBL group. On day 1, all subjects underwent a simulator-based initial assessment designed to evaluate their critical care skills. Two blinded investigators assessed each student using a standardized checklist. Subsequently, the PBL group learned about dyspnea in a standard PBL format. The SIM group learned about dyspnea using the simulator. To equalize simulator education time, the PBL group learned about acute abdominal pain on the simulator, whereas the SIM group used the PBL format. On day 5, each student was tested on a unique dyspnea scenario.",
"Mean initial assessment and final assessment checklist scores and their change for the SIM and PBL groups were compared using the Student's t-test. A p < .05 was considered significant. The SIM and PBL groups had similar mean (PBL 0.44, SIM 0.47, p = .64) initial assessment scores (earned score divided by maximum score) and were deemed equivalent. The SIM group performed better than the PBL group on the final assessment (mean, PBL 0.53, SIM 0.72, p < .0001). When each student's change in score (percent correct on final assessment minus percent correct on the initial assessment) was compared, SIM group students performed better (mean improvement, SIM 25 percentage points vs. PBL 8 percentage points, p < .04)"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Clinical Competence",
"Critical Care",
"Critical Illness",
"Curriculum",
"Education, Medical, Undergraduate",
"Educational Measurement",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Patient Simulation",
"Problem-Based Learning",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Students, Medical"
]
} | For fourth-year medical students, simulation-based learning was superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is simulation-based training superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether full-scale simulation (SIM) is superior to interactive problem-based learning (PBL) for teaching medical students acute care assessment and management skills.', 'Randomized controlled trial.', 'Simulation center at a U.S. medical school.', 'Thirty-one fourth-year medical students in a week-long acute care course.', 'After institutional review board approval and informed consent, eligible students were randomized to either the SIM or PBL group. On day 1, all subjects underwent a simulator-based initial assessment designed to evaluate their critical care skills. Two blinded investigators assessed each student using a standardized checklist. Subsequently, the PBL group learned about dyspnea in a standard PBL format. The SIM group learned about dyspnea using the simulator. To equalize simulator education time, the PBL group learned about acute abdominal pain on the simulator, whereas the SIM group used the PBL format. On day 5, each student was tested on a unique dyspnea scenario.', \"Mean initial assessment and final assessment checklist scores and their change for the SIM and PBL groups were compared using the Student's t-test. A p < .05 was considered significant. The SIM and PBL groups had similar mean (PBL 0.44, SIM 0.47, p = .64) initial assessment scores (earned score divided by maximum score) and were deemed equivalent. The SIM group performed better than the PBL group on the final assessment (mean, PBL 0.53, SIM 0.72, p < .0001). When each student's change in score (percent correct on final assessment minus percent correct on the initial assessment) was compared, SIM group students performed better (mean improvement, SIM 25 percentage points vs. PBL 8 percentage points, p < .04)\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Critical Care', 'Critical Illness', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Simulation', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Students, Medical']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,027 | Does cXCL12 attract CXCR4+ human metastatic neuroblastoma cells : clinical implications? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of CXCR4 in bone marrow localization of neuroblastoma cells has been recently proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and chemotactic functionality of CXCR4 in human metastatic neuroblastoma cells isolated from the bone marrow and, for comparison, in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines.",
"CXCR4 expression and chemotactic functionality were investigated in metastatic neuroblastoma cells isolated from patient bone marrow and in neuroblastoma cell lines. The former cells were isolated as CD45- or GD2+ cells by immunomagnetic bead manipulation. Chemotactic assays were done in a transwell system. Regulator of G protein signaling expression was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR.",
"Metastatic neuroblastoma cells consistently expressed CXCR4, which was also detected in 5 of 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. CXCL12 did not stimulate the chemotaxis of primary tumor cells or cell lines in either normoxia or hypoxia, irrespective of CXCR4 up-regulation detected under the latter condition. Accordingly, neuroblastoma cells failed to modulate filamentous actin and to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase upon treatment with CXCL12. RGS16 mRNA was consistently expressed in primary tumor cells and cell lines, but its down-regulation by RNA interference did not restore CXCR4 chemotactic functionality."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bone Marrow Neoplasms",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Chemokine CXCL12",
"Chemokines, CXC",
"Chemotaxis",
"Child, Preschool",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Infant",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neuroblastoma",
"RGS Proteins",
"Receptors, CXCR4",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | These results show unambiguously that CXCR4 expressed in human metastatic neuroblastoma cells is not functional and do not support the clinical use of CXCR4 antagonists to prevent neuroblastoma metastasis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cXCL12 attract CXCR4+ human metastatic neuroblastoma cells : clinical implications?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The role of CXCR4 in bone marrow localization of neuroblastoma cells has been recently proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and chemotactic functionality of CXCR4 in human metastatic neuroblastoma cells isolated from the bone marrow and, for comparison, in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines.', 'CXCR4 expression and chemotactic functionality were investigated in metastatic neuroblastoma cells isolated from patient bone marrow and in neuroblastoma cell lines. The former cells were isolated as CD45- or GD2+ cells by immunomagnetic bead manipulation. Chemotactic assays were done in a transwell system. Regulator of G protein signaling expression was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR.', 'Metastatic neuroblastoma cells consistently expressed CXCR4, which was also detected in 5 of 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. CXCL12 did not stimulate the chemotaxis of primary tumor cells or cell lines in either normoxia or hypoxia, irrespective of CXCR4 up-regulation detected under the latter condition. Accordingly, neuroblastoma cells failed to modulate filamentous actin and to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase upon treatment with CXCL12. RGS16 mRNA was consistently expressed in primary tumor cells and cell lines, but its down-regulation by RNA interference did not restore CXCR4 chemotactic functionality.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bone Marrow Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Chemotaxis', 'Child, Preschool', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neuroblastoma', 'RGS Proteins', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,393,326 | Do in chronic idiopathic urticaria autoantibodies against Fc epsilonRII/CD23 induce histamine release via eosinophil activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a common skin disorder characterized by recurrent, transitory, itchy weals for more than 6 weeks. An autoimmune origin has been suggested based on the findings of auto-antibodies (Abs) directed against either the alpha subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor or the IgE molecule in nearly half of the patients.",
"To identify other autoantigen targets in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.",
"We used pooled IgG derived from 133 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria to screen a random peptide library to identify disease-relevant autoantigen peptides. Among the identified peptides, one was recognized by the vast majority of patients' sera. Abs against this peptide were affinity purified from the patients' sera and assayed for their ability to induce histamine release from basophils.",
"We identified a peptide that showed similarity with the low-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRII/CD23) expressed on lymphomonocytes and eosinophils. Anti-peptide IgG Abs purified from the patients' sera bound cell surface CD23 and were able to induce histamine release from basophils. This effect appeared to be mediated by the release of major basic protein from eosinophils upon engagement of CD23. The same effects were obtained with the sera from mice immunized with the CD23 peptide."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Animals",
"Autoantibodies",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Chronic Disease",
"Eosinophil Major Basic Protein",
"Eosinophils",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Histamine Release",
"Humans",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptors, IgE",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Urticaria"
]
} | Our results indicate that patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria have Abs against CD23 and that eosinophils, which infiltrate the skin of these patients, play a crucial role in maintaining the disease through the release of major basic protein upon engagement of the low-affinity IgE receptor by such auto-Abs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do in chronic idiopathic urticaria autoantibodies against Fc epsilonRII/CD23 induce histamine release via eosinophil activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a common skin disorder characterized by recurrent, transitory, itchy weals for more than 6 weeks. An autoimmune origin has been suggested based on the findings of auto-antibodies (Abs) directed against either the alpha subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor or the IgE molecule in nearly half of the patients.', 'To identify other autoantigen targets in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.', \"We used pooled IgG derived from 133 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria to screen a random peptide library to identify disease-relevant autoantigen peptides. Among the identified peptides, one was recognized by the vast majority of patients' sera. Abs against this peptide were affinity purified from the patients' sera and assayed for their ability to induce histamine release from basophils.\", \"We identified a peptide that showed similarity with the low-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRII/CD23) expressed on lymphomonocytes and eosinophils. Anti-peptide IgG Abs purified from the patients' sera bound cell surface CD23 and were able to induce histamine release from basophils. This effect appeared to be mediated by the release of major basic protein from eosinophils upon engagement of CD23. The same effects were obtained with the sera from mice immunized with the CD23 peptide.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Chronic Disease', 'Eosinophil Major Basic Protein', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Histamine Release', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, IgE', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Urticaria']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,321 | Are clinical effects of probiotics associated with increased interferon-gamma responses in very young children with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently demonstrated that administration of probiotics resulted in significant clinical improvement in very young children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying immunological effects that are associated with these apparent clinical benefits.",
"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from children (n = 53) at baseline and at the end of an 8-week supplementation period during which they received a probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum PCCtrade mark) (n = 26) or a placebo (n = 27). A further sample was collected at 16 weeks (8 weeks after ceasing the supplement). Cytokine (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) responses to allergens (egg ovalbumin (OVA), beta lactoglobulin (BLG), house dust mite (HDM)), vaccines (tetanus toxoid (TT)), diphtheria toxoid (DT)), intestinal flora (heat-killed Lactobacillus (HKLB)), heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA), Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and mitogen (phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)) were compared.",
"The administration of probiotics was associated with a significant increase in T-helper type 1(Th1-type) cytokine IFN-gamma responses to PHA and SEB at the end of the supplementation period (week 8: P = 0.004 and 0.046) as well as 8 weeks after ceasing supplementation (week 16: P = 0.005 and 0.021) relative to baseline levels of response. No significant changes were seen in the placebo group. The increase in IFN-gamma responses to SEB was directly proportional to the decrease in the severity of AD (r = -0.445, P = 0.026) over the intervention period. At the end of the supplementation period (week 8) children receiving probiotics showed significantly higher TNF-alpha responses to HKLB (P = 0.018) and HKSA (P = 0.011) but this was no longer evident when supplementation ceased (week 16). Although IL-13 responses to OVA were significantly reduced in children receiving probiotics after 8 weeks (P = 0.008), there were no other effects on allergen-specific responses, and this effect was not sustained after ceasing supplementation (week 16). There were no effects on vaccine-specific responses, or on responses to any of the stimuli assessed."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Allergens",
"Antigens, Bacterial",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-13",
"Interleukin-5",
"Lactobacillus fermentum",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Male",
"Phytohemagglutinins",
"Probiotics",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | The improvement in AD severity with probiotic treatment was associated with significant increases in the capacity for Th1 IFN-gamma responses and altered responses to skin and enteric flora. This effect was still evident 2 months after the supplementation was ceased. The lack of consistent effects on allergen-specific responses suggests that the effects of probiotics may be mediated through other independent pathways, which need to be explored further. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are clinical effects of probiotics associated with increased interferon-gamma responses in very young children with atopic dermatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We recently demonstrated that administration of probiotics resulted in significant clinical improvement in very young children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying immunological effects that are associated with these apparent clinical benefits.', 'Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from children (n = 53) at baseline and at the end of an 8-week supplementation period during which they received a probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum PCCtrade mark) (n = 26) or a placebo (n = 27). A further sample was collected at 16 weeks (8 weeks after ceasing the supplement). Cytokine (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) responses to allergens (egg ovalbumin (OVA), beta lactoglobulin (BLG), house dust mite (HDM)), vaccines (tetanus toxoid (TT)), diphtheria toxoid (DT)), intestinal flora (heat-killed Lactobacillus (HKLB)), heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA), Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and mitogen (phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)) were compared.', 'The administration of probiotics was associated with a significant increase in T-helper type 1(Th1-type) cytokine IFN-gamma responses to PHA and SEB at the end of the supplementation period (week 8: P = 0.004 and 0.046) as well as 8 weeks after ceasing supplementation (week 16: P = 0.005 and 0.021) relative to baseline levels of response. No significant changes were seen in the placebo group. The increase in IFN-gamma responses to SEB was directly proportional to the decrease in the severity of AD (r = -0.445, P = 0.026) over the intervention period. At the end of the supplementation period (week 8) children receiving probiotics showed significantly higher TNF-alpha responses to HKLB (P = 0.018) and HKSA (P = 0.011) but this was no longer evident when supplementation ceased (week 16). Although IL-13 responses to OVA were significantly reduced in children receiving probiotics after 8 weeks (P = 0.008), there were no other effects on allergen-specific responses, and this effect was not sustained after ceasing supplementation (week 16). There were no effects on vaccine-specific responses, or on responses to any of the stimuli assessed.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Allergens', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-13', 'Interleukin-5', 'Lactobacillus fermentum', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Probiotics', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,391,465 | Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene G-308A polymorphism a risk factor for the development of membranous glomerulonephritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine. Recently, the G-308A polymorphism of the TNF-alpha gene has been associated with modified gene expression and increased TNF-alpha production in the -308A allele. We evaluated its influence on the incidence and clinical course of membranous glomerulonephritis.",
"We studied 53 patients with biopsy-proven primary membranous glomerulonephritis followed up for 5.7 +/- 4.9 years. 100 volunteers were analyzed as controls. According to the slope of the curve of reciprocal serum creatinine against time, group A (slow progressors, n = 35) and group B (fast progressors, n = 18) were defined. TNF-alpha G-308A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.",
"The frequency of the A-allele (associated with higher TNF-alpha levels) was significantly higher in patients than control subjects (patients: G-allele: 0.66, A-allele: 0.34; controls: G-allele 0.85, A-allele 0.15, p < 0.001). Similarly, the genotype distribution differed significantly between our study and control populations (patients: GG-genotype: 41.5%, GA: 49.1%, AA 9.4%; controls: GG: 71%, GA: 27%, AA 2%, p = 0.001). Age, renal function, proteinuria and blood pressure were similar at the time of renal biopsy between patients with different genotypes (NS). There was also a tendency towards an overpresentation of the A-allele in group B indicating a possible impact on the progression of membranous nephropathy, but a significance was not reached. Furthermore, no impact on renal survival in the Kaplan- Meier analysis was detected (NS)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alleles",
"Female",
"Glomerulonephritis, Membranous",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Risk Factors",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Our results suggest that TNF-alpha gene G-308A polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of membranous glomerulonephritis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene G-308A polymorphism a risk factor for the development of membranous glomerulonephritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine. Recently, the G-308A polymorphism of the TNF-alpha gene has been associated with modified gene expression and increased TNF-alpha production in the -308A allele. We evaluated its influence on the incidence and clinical course of membranous glomerulonephritis.', 'We studied 53 patients with biopsy-proven primary membranous glomerulonephritis followed up for 5.7 +/- 4.9 years. 100 volunteers were analyzed as controls. According to the slope of the curve of reciprocal serum creatinine against time, group A (slow progressors, n = 35) and group B (fast progressors, n = 18) were defined. TNF-alpha G-308A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.', 'The frequency of the A-allele (associated with higher TNF-alpha levels) was significantly higher in patients than control subjects (patients: G-allele: 0.66, A-allele: 0.34; controls: G-allele 0.85, A-allele 0.15, p < 0.001). Similarly, the genotype distribution differed significantly between our study and control populations (patients: GG-genotype: 41.5%, GA: 49.1%, AA 9.4%; controls: GG: 71%, GA: 27%, AA 2%, p = 0.001). Age, renal function, proteinuria and blood pressure were similar at the time of renal biopsy between patients with different genotypes (NS). There was also a tendency towards an overpresentation of the A-allele in group B indicating a possible impact on the progression of membranous nephropathy, but a significance was not reached. Furthermore, no impact on renal survival in the Kaplan- Meier analysis was detected (NS).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alleles', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranous', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,391,469 | Is methionine-induced elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration associated with an increase of plasma cholesterol in adult rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Dietary methionine affects cholesterol metabolism in growing rats. Methionine effects on adult rats and mechanisms by which methionine alters the lipid metabolism are not fully elucidated. We investigated possible mechanisms by which dietary methionine acts on lipid metabolism of adult rats.",
"Male adult rats were divided into three groups (n=10) and were fed casein-based diets differing in methionine concentration (low-methionine diet: 0.96 g/kg; adequate-methionine diet: 2.22 g/kg, high-methionine diet: 6.82 g/kg) for 4 weeks. Concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins, concentration of homocysteine in plasma, concentration of cholesterol in liver, fecal lipid excretion, expression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2 (PEMT-2) and of LDL receptor were measured.",
"Rats fed the high-methionine diet had higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than rats fed the low-methionine diet (p<0.05). Although concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins were not different between the groups, there was a distinct positive correlation between circulating plasma homocysteine and plasma cholesterol (R(2)=0.55, p<0.001). The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was not altered by dietary methionine. The relative mRNA concentration of HMG-CoA reductase and of LDL receptor remained unaffected by dietary methionine. Gene expression of PEMT-2 was higher in rats fed the high-methionine diet than in rats fed the other diets (p<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Cholesterol",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Feces",
"Homocysteine",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Lipoproteins",
"Male",
"Methionine",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | The results demonstrate that dietary methionine contributes to a rise in circulating homocysteine concentration which positively correlates with the concentration of plasma cholesterol. However, the effects of methionine on cholesterol metabolism of adult rats were relatively weak. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is methionine-induced elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration associated with an increase of plasma cholesterol in adult rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dietary methionine affects cholesterol metabolism in growing rats. Methionine effects on adult rats and mechanisms by which methionine alters the lipid metabolism are not fully elucidated. We investigated possible mechanisms by which dietary methionine acts on lipid metabolism of adult rats.', 'Male adult rats were divided into three groups (n=10) and were fed casein-based diets differing in methionine concentration (low-methionine diet: 0.96 g/kg; adequate-methionine diet: 2.22 g/kg, high-methionine diet: 6.82 g/kg) for 4 weeks. Concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins, concentration of homocysteine in plasma, concentration of cholesterol in liver, fecal lipid excretion, expression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2 (PEMT-2) and of LDL receptor were measured.', 'Rats fed the high-methionine diet had higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than rats fed the low-methionine diet (p<0.05). Although concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins were not different between the groups, there was a distinct positive correlation between circulating plasma homocysteine and plasma cholesterol (R(2)=0.55, p<0.001). The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was not altered by dietary methionine. The relative mRNA concentration of HMG-CoA reductase and of LDL receptor remained unaffected by dietary methionine. Gene expression of PEMT-2 was higher in rats fed the high-methionine diet than in rats fed the other diets (p<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Feces', 'Homocysteine', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Methionine', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,395,677 | Do erythrocyte concentrations of metabolites or cumulative doses of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate predict liver changes in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"During therapy consisting of 6MP and MTX, metabolites accumulate in the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte levels of metabolites reflect the intensity of therapy. Whether they are associated with hepatotoxicity manifested as histological liver changes is not known. We studied the association of the metabolites and cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX with histological liver disease.",
"Serial measurements of E-TGN, E-MTX, and ALT during maintenance therapy were performed and cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX were calculated as g/m2 in 16 children with ALL. Each subject underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy at the end of therapy to screen for histological liver disease.",
"No differences in E-TGN, E-MTX, or cumulative doses of 6MP or MTX were detected in the children with ALL with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis, or in the children with less liver fatty change compared to those with more fatty change. Serum median ALT levels correlated significantly positively with cumulative doses of 6MP during therapy (rS = 0.527, P = 0.036), but not with cumulative doses of MTX, or E-TGN, or E-MTX."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Biomarkers",
"Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Monitoring",
"Erythrocytes",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Male",
"Mercaptopurine",
"Methotrexate",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Statistics, Nonparametric"
]
} | Erythrocyte levels of the metabolites or the cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX do not predict histological liver disease in children treated for ALL. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do erythrocyte concentrations of metabolites or cumulative doses of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate predict liver changes in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During therapy consisting of 6MP and MTX, metabolites accumulate in the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte levels of metabolites reflect the intensity of therapy. Whether they are associated with hepatotoxicity manifested as histological liver changes is not known. We studied the association of the metabolites and cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX with histological liver disease.', 'Serial measurements of E-TGN, E-MTX, and ALT during maintenance therapy were performed and cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX were calculated as g/m2 in 16 children with ALL. Each subject underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy at the end of therapy to screen for histological liver disease.', 'No differences in E-TGN, E-MTX, or cumulative doses of 6MP or MTX were detected in the children with ALL with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis, or in the children with less liver fatty change compared to those with more fatty change. Serum median ALT levels correlated significantly positively with cumulative doses of 6MP during therapy (rS = 0.527, P = 0.036), but not with cumulative doses of MTX, or E-TGN, or E-MTX.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Biomarkers', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Mercaptopurine', 'Methotrexate', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,371,610 | Is intranasal sufentanil effective for postoperative analgesia in adults? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare two doses of intranasal sufentanil for postoperative analgesia, titrated according to individual requirements based upon a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 for pain.",
"Forty patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for herniorrhaphy or hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia, were included when postoperative NRS was > 3. Nurses used a nasal puff device delivering a constant volume. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A patients received a dose of 0.025 microg x kg(-1) /puff, Group B patients a dose of 0.05 microg x kg(-1) /puff. Puffs were administered as often as needed to obtain NRS < or = 3, with an interval time of five minutes. Hemodynamic, respiratory measures and sedation were recorded every five minutes.",
"The probability of persistence of pain in Group B was consistently lower than in Group A. After 20 min, 20% of the patients had a NRS score > 3 in Group B, as opposed to 60% in Group A. At 60 min, no patient had a NRS > 3 in Group B, whereas there was a probability of 20% to record a NRS > 3 for Group A. Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters and sedation remained stable with no intergroup differences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Intranasal",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Blood Pressure",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxygen",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Prospective Studies",
"Respiration",
"Sufentanil",
"Systole",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Nasal administration of 0.050 microg x kg(-1) /puff sufentanil allowed a NRS < 4 to be attained within one hour in all patients, with efficacy achieved after 20 min. These findings suggest that the intranasal route is an effective mode of sufentanil administration for immediate postoperative analgesia in adult patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is intranasal sufentanil effective for postoperative analgesia in adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare two doses of intranasal sufentanil for postoperative analgesia, titrated according to individual requirements based upon a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 for pain.', 'Forty patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for herniorrhaphy or hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia, were included when postoperative NRS was > 3. Nurses used a nasal puff device delivering a constant volume. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A patients received a dose of 0.025 microg x kg(-1) /puff, Group B patients a dose of 0.05 microg x kg(-1) /puff. Puffs were administered as often as needed to obtain NRS < or = 3, with an interval time of five minutes. Hemodynamic, respiratory measures and sedation were recorded every five minutes.', 'The probability of persistence of pain in Group B was consistently lower than in Group A. After 20 min, 20% of the patients had a NRS score > 3 in Group B, as opposed to 60% in Group A. At 60 min, no patient had a NRS > 3 in Group B, whereas there was a probability of 20% to record a NRS > 3 for Group A. Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters and sedation remained stable with no intergroup differences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Intranasal', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiration', 'Sufentanil', 'Systole', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,613 | Do a single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects? | {
"contexts": [
"Analgesia and sedation, routinely used as adjunct medications for regional anesthesia, are rarely used in the pregnant patient because of concerns about adverse neonatal effects. In an effort to obtain more information about maternal analgesia and sedation we studied neonatal and maternal effects of iv fentanyl and midazolam prior to spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean section.",
"In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 60 healthy women received either a combination of 1 microg x kg(-1) fentanyl and 0.02 mg x kg(-1) midazolam intravenously or an equal volume of iv saline at the time of their skin preparation for a bupivacaine spinal anesthetic. Sample size was based on a non-parametric power analysis (power > 0.80 and alpha = 0.05) for clinically important differences in Apgar scores. Fetal outcome measures included Apgar scores, continuous pulse oximetry for three hours, and neurobehavioural scores. Maternal outcomes included catecholamine levels, and recall of anesthesia and delivery.",
"There were no between-group differences of neonatal outcome variables (Apgar score, neurobehavioural scores, continuous oxygen saturation). Mothers in both groups showed no difference in their ability to recall the birth of their babies."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Anesthesia, Spinal",
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Anti-Anxiety Agents",
"Apgar Score",
"Bupivacaine",
"Catecholamines",
"Cesarean Section",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Female",
"Fentanyl",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Mental Recall",
"Midazolam",
"Oximetry",
"Pregnancy",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reference Values"
]
} | Maternal analgesia and sedation with fentanyl (1 microg x kg(-1)) and midazolam (0.02 mg x kg(-1)) immediately prior to spinal anesthesia is not associated with adverse neonatal effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Analgesia and sedation, routinely used as adjunct medications for regional anesthesia, are rarely used in the pregnant patient because of concerns about adverse neonatal effects. In an effort to obtain more information about maternal analgesia and sedation we studied neonatal and maternal effects of iv fentanyl and midazolam prior to spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean section.', 'In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 60 healthy women received either a combination of 1 microg x kg(-1) fentanyl and 0.02 mg x kg(-1) midazolam intravenously or an equal volume of iv saline at the time of their skin preparation for a bupivacaine spinal anesthetic. Sample size was based on a non-parametric power analysis (power > 0.80 and alpha = 0.05) for clinically important differences in Apgar scores. Fetal outcome measures included Apgar scores, continuous pulse oximetry for three hours, and neurobehavioural scores. Maternal outcomes included catecholamine levels, and recall of anesthesia and delivery.', 'There were no between-group differences of neonatal outcome variables (Apgar score, neurobehavioural scores, continuous oxygen saturation). Mothers in both groups showed no difference in their ability to recall the birth of their babies.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Apgar Score', 'Bupivacaine', 'Catecholamines', 'Cesarean Section', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Mental Recall', 'Midazolam', 'Oximetry', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,614 | Is when a leak unavoidable , preoxygenation is equally ineffective with vital capacity or tidal volume breathing? | {
"contexts": [
"Ideally, preoxygenation is performed using a tight fitting mask either by breathing normally for three to five minutes or with four to eight vital capacity (VC) breaths in 0.5 to one minute, but in practice leaks are frequent and sometimes unavoidable. This study was designed to determine which breathing method provided the best oxygenation in the presence of leak.",
"Twenty volunteers were instructed to breathe from a circle circuit supplied with 6 L x min(-1) of fresh oxygen. Each subject was tested under four situations selected in random order: 1) normal breathing for three minutes without leak; 2) normal breathing for three minutes with a leak; 3) four VCs in 30 sec without a leak; and 4) four VCs in 30 sec with a leak. The leak was created by a piece of size 18 French nasogastric tube, 5 cm long, taped under the face mask. Inspired and expired O(2) and CO(2) were sampled at the nostrils.",
"In the absence of a leak, the end-tidal oxygen fraction (F(EO(2)) was greater after three minutes of tidal breathing (89 +/- 3%; mean +/- SD) in comparison with the response to four VCs (76 +/- 7%; P < 0.001). Introduction of a leak decreased the F(EO(2)) significantly (P < 0.001). With a leak, the F(EO(2)) was similar with normal breathing (61 +/- 8%) and after four VCs (59 +/- 11%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anesthesia, Inhalation",
"Equipment Failure",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oximetry",
"Oxygen",
"Reference Values",
"Respiration",
"Tidal Volume",
"Time Factors",
"Vital Capacity"
]
} | Preoxygenation with tidal volume breathing for three minutes yields higher F(EO(2)) in comparison to four VCs. If a small leak (4 mm internal diameter) is introduced, the F(EO(2)) decreases significantly with both breathing methods to approximately 60%. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is when a leak unavoidable , preoxygenation is equally ineffective with vital capacity or tidal volume breathing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ideally, preoxygenation is performed using a tight fitting mask either by breathing normally for three to five minutes or with four to eight vital capacity (VC) breaths in 0.5 to one minute, but in practice leaks are frequent and sometimes unavoidable. This study was designed to determine which breathing method provided the best oxygenation in the presence of leak.', 'Twenty volunteers were instructed to breathe from a circle circuit supplied with 6 L x min(-1) of fresh oxygen. Each subject was tested under four situations selected in random order: 1) normal breathing for three minutes without leak; 2) normal breathing for three minutes with a leak; 3) four VCs in 30 sec without a leak; and 4) four VCs in 30 sec with a leak. The leak was created by a piece of size 18 French nasogastric tube, 5 cm long, taped under the face mask. Inspired and expired O(2) and CO(2) were sampled at the nostrils.', 'In the absence of a leak, the end-tidal oxygen fraction (F(EO(2)) was greater after three minutes of tidal breathing (89 +/- 3%; mean +/- SD) in comparison with the response to four VCs (76 +/- 7%; P < 0.001). Introduction of a leak decreased the F(EO(2)) significantly (P < 0.001). With a leak, the F(EO(2)) was similar with normal breathing (61 +/- 8%) and after four VCs (59 +/- 11%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Reference Values', 'Respiration', 'Tidal Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Vital Capacity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,214 | Is a functional promotor polymorphism of TNF-alpha associated with primary gastric B-Cell lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The host genetic background to develop primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in H. pylori-associated inflammation and appears to be involved in the evolution of lymphoproliferative disorders. We investigated four functional promotor polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene for association with the development of primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.",
"A total of 144 lymphoma patients, 595 H. pylori-infected controls and 534 healthy blood donors were genotyped for TNF-alpha-238, -308, -857, and -1031 by Taqman technology and case-control analysis was conducted.",
"There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies in H. pylori-infected patients and healthy controls. TNF-857 T allele was found in 15.1% of patients with low-grade lymphoma and 9.1% of H. pylori-infected patients (Pearson's=5.7, p=0.017, OR=1.8, Wald 95% CI: 1.1< O.R.< 2.8). Carrier of the rare allele T had a 1.8-fold increased risk to develop low-grade lymphoma (Pearson's=5.4, p=0.021). Patients with high-grade lymphoma were significantly more frequent carriers of the TNF-857 T allele than healthy blood donors (30.9%vs 18.9%, Pearson's=4.5, p=0.033). Carriage of the T allele conferred a 1.9-fold increased risk (Wald 95% CI: 1.0<O.R.< 3.6). There were no associations found between any of the SNPs and disease progression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Base Sequence",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Lymphoma, B-Cell",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Probability",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reference Values",
"Risk Assessment",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | In conclusion, our data provide further evidence for host genetic factors in the susceptibility of Caucasians to gastric B-cell lymphoma. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of TNF-alpha in tumorigenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a functional promotor polymorphism of TNF-alpha associated with primary gastric B-Cell lymphoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The host genetic background to develop primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in H. pylori-associated inflammation and appears to be involved in the evolution of lymphoproliferative disorders. We investigated four functional promotor polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene for association with the development of primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.', 'A total of 144 lymphoma patients, 595 H. pylori-infected controls and 534 healthy blood donors were genotyped for TNF-alpha-238, -308, -857, and -1031 by Taqman technology and case-control analysis was conducted.', \"There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies in H. pylori-infected patients and healthy controls. TNF-857 T allele was found in 15.1% of patients with low-grade lymphoma and 9.1% of H. pylori-infected patients (Pearson's=5.7, p=0.017, OR=1.8, Wald 95% CI: 1.1< O.R.< 2.8). Carrier of the rare allele T had a 1.8-fold increased risk to develop low-grade lymphoma (Pearson's=5.4, p=0.021). Patients with high-grade lymphoma were significantly more frequent carriers of the TNF-857 T allele than healthy blood donors (30.9%vs 18.9%, Pearson's=4.5, p=0.033). Carriage of the T allele conferred a 1.9-fold increased risk (Wald 95% CI: 1.0<O.R.< 3.6). There were no associations found between any of the SNPs and disease progression.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Base Sequence', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,019 | Is activation of stat3 in primary tumors from high-risk breast cancer patients associated with elevated levels of activated SRC and survivin expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein has been observed in a wide variety of tumors, including breast cancer, and contributes to oncogenesis at least in part by prevention of apoptosis. In a study of 45 patients with high-risk breast cancer enrolled in a phase II neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial with docetaxel and doxorubicin, we evaluated the levels of Stat3 activation and potentially associated molecular biomarkers in invasive breast carcinoma compared with matched nonneoplastic tissues.",
"Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we quantified the levels of phospho-Stat3 (pY-Stat3), phospho-Src (pY-Src), epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2/neu, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and apoptosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from invasive carcinomas and their paired nonneoplastic parenchyma. The levels of molecular biomarkers in nonneoplastic and tumor tissues were analyzed as continuous variables for statistically significant correlations.",
"Levels of activated pY-Stat3 and pY-Src measured by immunohistochemistry were significantly higher in invasive carcinoma than in nonneoplastic tissue (P < 0.001). In tumors, elevated levels of pY-Stat3 correlated with those of pY-Src and Survivin. Levels of pY-Stat3 were higher in partial pathologic responders than in complete pathologic responders. In partial pathologic responders, pY-Stat3 levels correlated with Survivin expression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Apoptosis",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic",
"Docetaxel",
"Doxorubicin",
"Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay",
"Enzyme Activation",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins",
"Ki-67 Antigen",
"Microtubule-Associated Proteins",
"Neoadjuvant Therapy",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Receptor, ErbB-2",
"Receptors, Estrogen",
"Risk Factors",
"STAT3 Transcription Factor",
"Survivin",
"Taxoids",
"bcl-X Protein",
"src-Family Kinases"
]
} | Our findings suggest important roles for elevated activities of Stat3 and Src, as well as Survivin expression, in malignant progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, elevated Stat3 activity correlates inversely with complete pathologic response. These findings suggest that specific Stat3 or Src inhibitors could offer clinical benefits to patients with breast cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is activation of stat3 in primary tumors from high-risk breast cancer patients associated with elevated levels of activated SRC and survivin expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein has been observed in a wide variety of tumors, including breast cancer, and contributes to oncogenesis at least in part by prevention of apoptosis. In a study of 45 patients with high-risk breast cancer enrolled in a phase II neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial with docetaxel and doxorubicin, we evaluated the levels of Stat3 activation and potentially associated molecular biomarkers in invasive breast carcinoma compared with matched nonneoplastic tissues.', 'Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we quantified the levels of phospho-Stat3 (pY-Stat3), phospho-Src (pY-Src), epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2/neu, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and apoptosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from invasive carcinomas and their paired nonneoplastic parenchyma. The levels of molecular biomarkers in nonneoplastic and tumor tissues were analyzed as continuous variables for statistically significant correlations.', 'Levels of activated pY-Stat3 and pY-Src measured by immunohistochemistry were significantly higher in invasive carcinoma than in nonneoplastic tissue (P < 0.001). In tumors, elevated levels of pY-Stat3 correlated with those of pY-Src and Survivin. Levels of pY-Stat3 were higher in partial pathologic responders than in complete pathologic responders. In partial pathologic responders, pY-Stat3 levels correlated with Survivin expression.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic', 'Docetaxel', 'Doxorubicin', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Enzyme Activation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Risk Factors', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Survivin', 'Taxoids', 'bcl-X Protein', 'src-Family Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,013 | Do soluble donor DNA concentrations in recipient serum correlate with pancreas-kidney rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"There is no reliable serum marker available to monitor incipient pancreas or islet-cell rejection. We tested the hypothesis that quantification of donor-specific genomic DNA in serum (from tissue damage) can serve as a marker of rejection.",
"Using a recently developed panel of HLA-specific quantitative PCR assays (Q-PCR), we tested 158 sera from 42 pancreas-kidney transplant recipients. Temporally related biopsies for 65 sera permitted analysis for correlation of donor DNA concentrations with rejection.",
"Donor DNA concentrations were higher in sera from recipients who had experienced allograft rejection (n = 31) than from those who had not (n = 34). Median concentrations, expressed as the genome-equivalent (gEq) number of donor cells per 10(6) host cells, were 2613 and 59 gEq/10(6), respectively (P = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"DNA",
"Graft Rejection",
"HLA Antigens",
"Humans",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreas Transplantation",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Serum",
"Solubility",
"Tissue Donors",
"Transplantation Chimera",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | Q-PCR for donor-specific genetic polymorphisms merits further investigation as a noninvasive approach to monitor pancreas-kidney as well as other types of allograft rejection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do soluble donor DNA concentrations in recipient serum correlate with pancreas-kidney rejection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is no reliable serum marker available to monitor incipient pancreas or islet-cell rejection. We tested the hypothesis that quantification of donor-specific genomic DNA in serum (from tissue damage) can serve as a marker of rejection.', 'Using a recently developed panel of HLA-specific quantitative PCR assays (Q-PCR), we tested 158 sera from 42 pancreas-kidney transplant recipients. Temporally related biopsies for 65 sera permitted analysis for correlation of donor DNA concentrations with rejection.', 'Donor DNA concentrations were higher in sera from recipients who had experienced allograft rejection (n = 31) than from those who had not (n = 34). Median concentrations, expressed as the genome-equivalent (gEq) number of donor cells per 10(6) host cells, were 2613 and 59 gEq/10(6), respectively (P = 0.03).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'DNA', 'Graft Rejection', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas Transplantation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Serum', 'Solubility', 'Tissue Donors', 'Transplantation Chimera', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,369,985 | Does surgery by consultant gynecologic oncologists improve survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Consultant gynecologic oncologists from the regional Comprehensive Cancer Center assisted community gynecologists in the surgical treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma when they were invited. For this report, the authors evaluated the effects of primary surgery by a gynecologic oncologist on treatment outcome.",
"The hospital files from 680 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who were diagnosed between 1994 and 1997 in the northern part of the Netherlands were abstracted. Treatment results were analyzed according to the operating physician's education by using survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.",
"Primary surgery was performed on 184 patients by gynecologic oncologists, and on 328 patients by general gynecologists. Gynecologic oncologists followed surgical guidelines more strictly compared with general gynecologists (patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage I-II disease, 55% vs. 33% [P=0.01]; patients with FIGO Stage III disease, 60% vs. 40% [P=0.003]) and more often removed all macroscopic tumor in patients with FIGO Stage III disease (24% vs. 12%; P=0.02). When patients were stratified according to FIGO stage, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86% versus 70% (P=0.03) for patients with Stage I-II disease and 21% versus 13% (P=0.02) for patients with Stage III-IV disease who underwent surgery by gynecologic oncologists and general gynecologists, respectively. The hazards ratio for patients who underwent surgery by gynecologic oncologists was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.61-1.03; adjusted for patient age, disease stage, type of hospital, and chemotherapy); when patients age 75 years and older were excluded, the hazards ratio fell to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54-0.94) in multivariate analysis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma",
"Female",
"Gynecology",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medicine",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Patient Care Team",
"Professional Competence",
"Referral and Consultation",
"Regression Analysis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Specialization",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The surgical treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma by gynecologic oncologists occurred more often according to surgical guidelines, tumor removal more often was complete, and survival was improved. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does surgery by consultant gynecologic oncologists improve survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Consultant gynecologic oncologists from the regional Comprehensive Cancer Center assisted community gynecologists in the surgical treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma when they were invited. For this report, the authors evaluated the effects of primary surgery by a gynecologic oncologist on treatment outcome.', \"The hospital files from 680 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who were diagnosed between 1994 and 1997 in the northern part of the Netherlands were abstracted. Treatment results were analyzed according to the operating physician's education by using survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.\", 'Primary surgery was performed on 184 patients by gynecologic oncologists, and on 328 patients by general gynecologists. Gynecologic oncologists followed surgical guidelines more strictly compared with general gynecologists (patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage I-II disease, 55% vs. 33% [P=0.01]; patients with FIGO Stage III disease, 60% vs. 40% [P=0.003]) and more often removed all macroscopic tumor in patients with FIGO Stage III disease (24% vs. 12%; P=0.02). When patients were stratified according to FIGO stage, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86% versus 70% (P=0.03) for patients with Stage I-II disease and 21% versus 13% (P=0.02) for patients with Stage III-IV disease who underwent surgery by gynecologic oncologists and general gynecologists, respectively. The hazards ratio for patients who underwent surgery by gynecologic oncologists was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.61-1.03; adjusted for patient age, disease stage, type of hospital, and chemotherapy); when patients age 75 years and older were excluded, the hazards ratio fell to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54-0.94) in multivariate analysis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Gynecology', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicine', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Patient Care Team', 'Professional Competence', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Specialization', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,370,052 | Does prodromal angina reduce infarcted mass less in interventionally reperfused than in thrombolysed myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a lot of evidence that angina during the 24-48 h before a reperfused myocardial infarction improves the evolution of the patients. However, there are studies that failed to demonstrate this protective effect of preinfarction angina in an interventional reperfusion setting.",
"To compare the effect of preinfarction angina (PIA) on inhospital evolution of thrombolysis vs. interventionally reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).",
"There were prospectively studied 133 consecutive AMI patients, eligible for reperfusion (thrombolysis or interventional). History of PIA under 48 hours was obtained. Evolution of AMI was evaluated considering the following end-points: the ratio between the number of ECG leads with final pathologic Q wave and the number of leads with initial ST elevation, CK-MB values, separate and composite incidence of death, heart failure, shock and incidence of serious arrhythmia (sustained VT or ventricular fibrillation).",
"ECG ratio was lower in patients with PIA (0.511 +/- 0.281 vs. 0.646 +/- 0.274, p=0.02) in thrombolysed patients, but it was higher in interventionally reperfused patients (0.740 +/- 0.418 vs. 0.554 +/- 0.295 p=0.11). CK-MB values were lowered by PIA in thrombolysed AMI (122 +/- 74 vs. 190 +/- 89, p=0.0003), but they were not in the interventional group. Clinical end-points were slightly less frequent in patients with PIA, in both reperfusion groups, but not statistically significant. Major arrhythmia occurred less frequently in interventionally reperfused patients with PIA (9.5% vs. 31.6%, p=0.12)."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Angina, Unstable",
"Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary",
"Biomarkers",
"Creatine Kinase, MB Form",
"Electrocardiography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Thrombolytic Therapy"
]
} | Preinfarction angina under 48 hours significantly reduces infarcted mass (measured by ECG and enzymes) in thrombolysed patients, but not in the interventional group. However, PIA reduced arrhythmic end-point in interventional setting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prodromal angina reduce infarcted mass less in interventionally reperfused than in thrombolysed myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is a lot of evidence that angina during the 24-48 h before a reperfused myocardial infarction improves the evolution of the patients. However, there are studies that failed to demonstrate this protective effect of preinfarction angina in an interventional reperfusion setting.', 'To compare the effect of preinfarction angina (PIA) on inhospital evolution of thrombolysis vs. interventionally reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).', 'There were prospectively studied 133 consecutive AMI patients, eligible for reperfusion (thrombolysis or interventional). History of PIA under 48 hours was obtained. Evolution of AMI was evaluated considering the following end-points: the ratio between the number of ECG leads with final pathologic Q wave and the number of leads with initial ST elevation, CK-MB values, separate and composite incidence of death, heart failure, shock and incidence of serious arrhythmia (sustained VT or ventricular fibrillation).', 'ECG ratio was lower in patients with PIA (0.511 +/- 0.281 vs. 0.646 +/- 0.274, p=0.02) in thrombolysed patients, but it was higher in interventionally reperfused patients (0.740 +/- 0.418 vs. 0.554 +/- 0.295 p=0.11). CK-MB values were lowered by PIA in thrombolysed AMI (122 +/- 74 vs. 190 +/- 89, p=0.0003), but they were not in the interventional group. Clinical end-points were slightly less frequent in patients with PIA, in both reperfusion groups, but not statistically significant. Major arrhythmia occurred less frequently in interventionally reperfused patients with PIA (9.5% vs. 31.6%, p=0.12).'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Biomarkers', 'Creatine Kinase, MB Form', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Thrombolytic Therapy']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,421 | Does the WAVE2 complex regulate actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation? | {
"contexts": [
"The engagement of the T cell receptor results in actin cytoskeletal reorganization at the immune synapse (IS) and the triggering of biochemical signaling cascades leading to gene regulation and, ultimately, cellular activation. Recent studies have identified the WAVE family of proteins as critical mediators of Rac1-induced actin reorganization in other cell types. However, whether these proteins participate in actin reorganization at the IS or signaling pathways in T cells has not been investigated.",
"By using a combination of biochemical, genetic, and cell biology approaches, we provide evidence that WAVE2 is recruited to the IS, is biochemically modified, and is required for actin reorganization and beta-integrin-mediated adhesion after TCR crosslinking. Moreover, we show that WAVE2 regulates calcium entry at a point distal to PLCgamma1 activation and IP(3)-mediated store release."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actin Cytoskeleton",
"Calcium",
"Calcium Channels",
"Extracellular Space",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-2",
"Jurkat Cells",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"NFATC Transcription Factors",
"Phospholipase C gamma",
"Pseudopodia",
"Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell",
"Signal Transduction",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Transcription, Genetic",
"Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family"
]
} | These data reveal a role for WAVE2 in regulating multiple pathways leading to T cell activation. In particular, this work shows that WAVE2 is a key component of the actin regulatory machinery in T cells and that it also participates in linking intracellular calcium store depletion to calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel activation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the WAVE2 complex regulate actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The engagement of the T cell receptor results in actin cytoskeletal reorganization at the immune synapse (IS) and the triggering of biochemical signaling cascades leading to gene regulation and, ultimately, cellular activation. Recent studies have identified the WAVE family of proteins as critical mediators of Rac1-induced actin reorganization in other cell types. However, whether these proteins participate in actin reorganization at the IS or signaling pathways in T cells has not been investigated.', 'By using a combination of biochemical, genetic, and cell biology approaches, we provide evidence that WAVE2 is recruited to the IS, is biochemically modified, and is required for actin reorganization and beta-integrin-mediated adhesion after TCR crosslinking. Moreover, we show that WAVE2 regulates calcium entry at a point distal to PLCgamma1 activation and IP(3)-mediated store release.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channels', 'Extracellular Space', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Phospholipase C gamma', 'Pseudopodia', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,111 | Does treatment with Met-RANTES decrease bacterial translocation in experimental colitis? | {
"contexts": [
"During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to increased bacterial translocation. Recent studies have shown the important role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In this study, we evaluated the role of Met-RANTES, an antagonist of the RANTES receptor, on the impairment of bacterial translocation in a rat model of colitis.",
"Rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 = control, group 2 = experimental colitis, and group 3 = colitis plus Met-RANTES treatment. On day 7 after colitis was induced, plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha colon tissue myeloperoxidase and portal blood endotoxin levels were measured. Lymph node, liver, and spleen culture quantified bacterial translocation.",
"Met-RANTES treatment resulted in significant decreases in colonic damage as well as bacterial translocation in experimental colitis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Bacterial Translocation",
"Chemokine CCL5",
"Colitis",
"Colon",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Male",
"Noxae",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid"
]
} | These results suggest that chemokine receptor antagonists may potentially be useful in the treatment of IBDs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does treatment with Met-RANTES decrease bacterial translocation in experimental colitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to increased bacterial translocation. Recent studies have shown the important role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In this study, we evaluated the role of Met-RANTES, an antagonist of the RANTES receptor, on the impairment of bacterial translocation in a rat model of colitis.', 'Rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 = control, group 2 = experimental colitis, and group 3 = colitis plus Met-RANTES treatment. On day 7 after colitis was induced, plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha colon tissue myeloperoxidase and portal blood endotoxin levels were measured. Lymph node, liver, and spleen culture quantified bacterial translocation.', 'Met-RANTES treatment resulted in significant decreases in colonic damage as well as bacterial translocation in experimental colitis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Chemokine CCL5', 'Colitis', 'Colon', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Male', 'Noxae', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,009 | Is rubella virus associated with fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether rubella virus (RV) is involved in the pathogenesis of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI).",
"Retrospective patient-controlled study.",
"Intraocular immunoglobulin G production against RV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii was determined in the aqueous humor of 14 patients with FHI, 13 control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior, and 19 control subjects with ocular toxoplasmosis by calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC).",
"All patients and control subjects were seropositive for RV. Intraocular antibody production (GWC >3) against RV was found in 13 of 14 patients (93%) with FHI. Intraocular antibody production against HSV, VZV, or T gondii was not detected. None of the control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior or with toxoplasma chorioretinitis had a positive GWC for rubella virus (P < .0001, Fisher exact test)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antibodies, Viral",
"Aqueous Humor",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Eye Infections, Viral",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Iridocyclitis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Rubella",
"Rubella virus"
]
} | Rubella virus, but not HSV, VZV, or T gondii, is associated with FHI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is rubella virus associated with fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether rubella virus (RV) is involved in the pathogenesis of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI).', 'Retrospective patient-controlled study.', 'Intraocular immunoglobulin G production against RV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii was determined in the aqueous humor of 14 patients with FHI, 13 control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior, and 19 control subjects with ocular toxoplasmosis by calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC).', 'All patients and control subjects were seropositive for RV. Intraocular antibody production (GWC >3) against RV was found in 13 of 14 patients (93%) with FHI. Intraocular antibody production against HSV, VZV, or T gondii was not detected. None of the control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior or with toxoplasma chorioretinitis had a positive GWC for rubella virus (P < .0001, Fisher exact test).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Eye Infections, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Iridocyclitis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rubella', 'Rubella virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,257 | Is an absent pulse sensitive for the early detection of peripheral arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"This study's objective was to determine the test characteristics of pedal pulse palpation in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when compared to the more widely recommended screening tool, the ankle-brachial index (ABI).",
"We screened patients > 50 years of age for PAD within primary care clinics in Houston. PAD was diagnosed by an ABI of <0.9. At each visit, pedal pulse palpation was performed for each leg. Of the patients who screened positive for PAD by ABI, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of pulse palpation.",
"We enrolled 403 patients with a mean age of 63.8 +/- .36 years. The prevalence of PAD was 16.6% (67 patients total). Of the 45 patients with disease involving their left leg, 37 (82.2%) had a palpable pulse. Of the 37 patients with disease involving their right leg, 25 (67.6%) had a palpable pulse. The sensitivity of a non-detectable pulse for the diagnosis of PAD was 17.8% and 32.4% for the left leg and the right leg, respectively. The specificity of pulse palpation for the detection of PAD was 98.7% and 97.8% for the left leg and the right leg, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Arterial Occlusive Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Early Diagnosis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lower Extremity",
"Male",
"Mass Screening",
"Middle Aged",
"Palpation",
"Peripheral Vascular Diseases",
"Prevalence",
"Pulse",
"Risk Factors",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Sex Distribution"
]
} | Pulse palpation is not sensitive for the detection of PAD compared to ABI. More than two thirds of the patients within our cohort with PAD of either the left or right leg had a detectable pulse. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is an absent pulse sensitive for the early detection of peripheral arterial disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"This study's objective was to determine the test characteristics of pedal pulse palpation in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when compared to the more widely recommended screening tool, the ankle-brachial index (ABI).\", 'We screened patients > 50 years of age for PAD within primary care clinics in Houston. PAD was diagnosed by an ABI of <0.9. At each visit, pedal pulse palpation was performed for each leg. Of the patients who screened positive for PAD by ABI, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of pulse palpation.', 'We enrolled 403 patients with a mean age of 63.8 +/- .36 years. The prevalence of PAD was 16.6% (67 patients total). Of the 45 patients with disease involving their left leg, 37 (82.2%) had a palpable pulse. Of the 37 patients with disease involving their right leg, 25 (67.6%) had a palpable pulse. The sensitivity of a non-detectable pulse for the diagnosis of PAD was 17.8% and 32.4% for the left leg and the right leg, respectively. The specificity of pulse palpation for the detection of PAD was 98.7% and 97.8% for the left leg and the right leg, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Palpation', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Pulse', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Distribution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,380,674 | Does polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia and IIIa in the group of women in childbirth correlate with an increased risk of developing thrombosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the GP Ia and GP IIIa polymorphisms in the group of women in labor, and to assess the risk of thrombosis associated with their occurrence.",
"245 women in labor hospitalized between 1.01.2001 and 31.12.2003 r. were enrolled in the study. Patients were qualified for the study if detailed physical exam and past medical history excluded existence of known risk factors predisposing to thrombosis. Study group was composed of 72 women in childbirth, which at some point during current pregnancy or in early labor were diagnosed with thrombosis, and control group included 173 women in labor randomly picked from the group of patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Polymorphic regions of platelets glycoprotein were detected using genotyping methods based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR).",
"1.72% of patients were found to have thrombosis. The thrombosis was located in the venous system in 97.2% of cases. Arteries were affected in two patients (2.7%). Prevalence of individual platelets glycoprotein mutations did not differ between controls and study group. In both groups platelets glycoprotein polymorphisms moderately pro-thrombotic A1/A2 and C/T dominated, and the least numerous were strongly pro-thrombotic A2/A2 and T/T."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genetics, Population",
"Humans",
"Integrin alpha2",
"Integrin beta3",
"Labor, Obstetric",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors",
"Thromboembolism",
"Venous Thrombosis"
]
} | Our results did not show the causative relationship between the existence of platelets GP IIIa/GP Ia mutations and venous system thrombosis in the women in labor. Probably presence of pro-thrombotic mutations of platelets glycoprotein in this group of patients does not represent the increased risk of thrombosis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia and IIIa in the group of women in childbirth correlate with an increased risk of developing thrombosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the GP Ia and GP IIIa polymorphisms in the group of women in labor, and to assess the risk of thrombosis associated with their occurrence.', '245 women in labor hospitalized between 1.01.2001 and 31.12.2003 r. were enrolled in the study. Patients were qualified for the study if detailed physical exam and past medical history excluded existence of known risk factors predisposing to thrombosis. Study group was composed of 72 women in childbirth, which at some point during current pregnancy or in early labor were diagnosed with thrombosis, and control group included 173 women in labor randomly picked from the group of patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Polymorphic regions of platelets glycoprotein were detected using genotyping methods based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR).', '1.72% of patients were found to have thrombosis. The thrombosis was located in the venous system in 97.2% of cases. Arteries were affected in two patients (2.7%). Prevalence of individual platelets glycoprotein mutations did not differ between controls and study group. In both groups platelets glycoprotein polymorphisms moderately pro-thrombotic A1/A2 and C/T dominated, and the least numerous were strongly pro-thrombotic A2/A2 and T/T.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha2', 'Integrin beta3', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Thromboembolism', 'Venous Thrombosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,396,936 | Are specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene associated with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CALPAIN-5 (CAPN5) gene in PCOS susceptibility.",
"We analysed four intronic polymorphisms of the CAPN5 gene in 148 well-characterized women with PCOS and 606 unrelated controls. We performed a case-control study and an intracohort analysis of clinical characteristics associated with PCOS.",
"Analysis of haplotypes distribution between PCOS population compared to controls showed a strong deviation (P = 0.00029). The haplotypes GGCA and GGTG were overrepresented in PCOS patients (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, we identified several CAPN5 haplotypes associated with phenotypic differences observed between PCOS patients, such as the presence of obesity (P = 0.02), cardiovascular complications (P = 0.02), familial antecedents of obesity (P = 0.003) and of hypertension (P = 0.007) and type 2 diabetes mellitus aggregation (P = 0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"Calpain",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Obesity",
"Phenotype",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | These results suggest a role of CAPN5 gene in PCOS susceptibility in humans. Moreover, novel candidate risk alleles have been identified, within CAPN5 gene, which could be associated with important phenotypic and prognosis differences observed in PCOS patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene associated with polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CALPAIN-5 (CAPN5) gene in PCOS susceptibility.', 'We analysed four intronic polymorphisms of the CAPN5 gene in 148 well-characterized women with PCOS and 606 unrelated controls. We performed a case-control study and an intracohort analysis of clinical characteristics associated with PCOS.', 'Analysis of haplotypes distribution between PCOS population compared to controls showed a strong deviation (P = 0.00029). The haplotypes GGCA and GGTG were overrepresented in PCOS patients (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, we identified several CAPN5 haplotypes associated with phenotypic differences observed between PCOS patients, such as the presence of obesity (P = 0.02), cardiovascular complications (P = 0.02), familial antecedents of obesity (P = 0.003) and of hypertension (P = 0.007) and type 2 diabetes mellitus aggregation (P = 0.04).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'Calpain', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Obesity', 'Phenotype', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,612 | Is chronic infarct-related artery occlusion associated with a reduction in capillary density . Effects on infarct healing? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between infarct-related artery (IRA) stenosis and capillary density and to assess its effect on scar formation in the human heart.",
"Morphometric evaluation was performed in 51 human hearts, as follows. Group I non-cardiac death (control), Group II post-Q-wave myocardial infarction (QMI) death and Group III patients who survived QMI and who underwent aneurysmectomy. Using morphometric parameters, the relationship between left ventricle (LV) mass, infarct size, IRA stenosis, cellular hypertrophy and changes in microcirculation were analyzed within the infarcted area and free LV wall.",
"A significant reduction in capillary density within the infarcted area was noted in group II when compared to the control group (1525.6+/-378.5/mm(2) vs. 2968.7+/-457.3/mm(2); p<0.001). Reduction in capillary density was inversely related to infarct size (r=-0.616; p=0.006) and degree of IRA stenosis (r(S)=-0.512; p=0.03). The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with total IRA occlusion (1204.6+/-156.9/mm(2) vs. 1676.6+/-245.8/mm(2); p<0.001). Similarly, a reduction in capillary density of over 60% (1030.7+/-241.8/mm(2)) was observed within aneurysms resected surgically."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arterial Occlusive Diseases",
"Capillaries",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction"
]
} | The study demonstrated precise quantification of the capillary network in patients following QMI. The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with chronic total IRA occlusion. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is chronic infarct-related artery occlusion associated with a reduction in capillary density . Effects on infarct healing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the relationship between infarct-related artery (IRA) stenosis and capillary density and to assess its effect on scar formation in the human heart.', 'Morphometric evaluation was performed in 51 human hearts, as follows. Group I non-cardiac death (control), Group II post-Q-wave myocardial infarction (QMI) death and Group III patients who survived QMI and who underwent aneurysmectomy. Using morphometric parameters, the relationship between left ventricle (LV) mass, infarct size, IRA stenosis, cellular hypertrophy and changes in microcirculation were analyzed within the infarcted area and free LV wall.', 'A significant reduction in capillary density within the infarcted area was noted in group II when compared to the control group (1525.6+/-378.5/mm(2) vs. 2968.7+/-457.3/mm(2); p<0.001). Reduction in capillary density was inversely related to infarct size (r=-0.616; p=0.006) and degree of IRA stenosis (r(S)=-0.512; p=0.03). The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with total IRA occlusion (1204.6+/-156.9/mm(2) vs. 1676.6+/-245.8/mm(2); p<0.001). Similarly, a reduction in capillary density of over 60% (1030.7+/-241.8/mm(2)) was observed within aneurysms resected surgically.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Capillaries', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,100 | Does ciliary neurotrophic factor restore gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant obese diabetic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity and diabetes are major risk factors for cholesterol gallstones, and the majority of obese people are leptin-resistant. Our previous work has shown that both leptin-deficient (Lepob) and leptin-resistant (Lepdb) obese diabetic mice have decreased in vitro gallbladder motility. Leptin administration to leptin-deficient (Lepob) animals restores gallbladder motility and reverses obesity and hyperinsulinemia. However, additional leptin in leptin-resistant obesity would not be expected to improve obesity-related parameters. Recent studies demonstrate that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduces weight and hyperinsulinemia in leptin-resistant obesity. Our hypothesis is that CNFT would cause weight loss, lower blood sugars, and restore gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant (Lepdb) mice.",
"20 C57b/6J and 20 Lepdb 8-week-old female mice were injected daily with either intraperitoneal saline or 0.3 microg/g CNTFAx15 for 17 days. Gallbladders were mounted in muscle baths and stimulated with acetylcholine, neuropeptide Y, and cholecystokinin. Gallbladder volume, serum glucose, insulin, liver weight, liver fat, and gallbladder responses were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.",
"Saline treated obese mice had greater body weight and obesity parameters, but decreased gallbladder contractility to neurotransmitters compared to saline treated lean mice. CNTF administration to obese mice decreased body weight and obesity parameters, and restored gallbladder contractility. CNTF treated lean animals had weight loss and decreased gallbladder contraction to acetylcholine and cholecystokinin compared to saline treated lean animals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Weight",
"Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Gallbladder",
"Gallbladder Emptying",
"Insulin",
"Leptin",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Mutant Strains",
"Mice, Obese",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Obesity",
"Organ Size",
"Vacuoles"
]
} | Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) causes 1) weight loss, 2) improvement of diabetes, and 3) alterations in gallbladder motility that is improved in obese mice but decreased in lean mice. We conclude that CNTF may improve gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant obesity with diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ciliary neurotrophic factor restore gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant obese diabetic mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Obesity and diabetes are major risk factors for cholesterol gallstones, and the majority of obese people are leptin-resistant. Our previous work has shown that both leptin-deficient (Lepob) and leptin-resistant (Lepdb) obese diabetic mice have decreased in vitro gallbladder motility. Leptin administration to leptin-deficient (Lepob) animals restores gallbladder motility and reverses obesity and hyperinsulinemia. However, additional leptin in leptin-resistant obesity would not be expected to improve obesity-related parameters. Recent studies demonstrate that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduces weight and hyperinsulinemia in leptin-resistant obesity. Our hypothesis is that CNFT would cause weight loss, lower blood sugars, and restore gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant (Lepdb) mice.', '20 C57b/6J and 20 Lepdb 8-week-old female mice were injected daily with either intraperitoneal saline or 0.3 microg/g CNTFAx15 for 17 days. Gallbladders were mounted in muscle baths and stimulated with acetylcholine, neuropeptide Y, and cholecystokinin. Gallbladder volume, serum glucose, insulin, liver weight, liver fat, and gallbladder responses were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.', 'Saline treated obese mice had greater body weight and obesity parameters, but decreased gallbladder contractility to neurotransmitters compared to saline treated lean mice. CNTF administration to obese mice decreased body weight and obesity parameters, and restored gallbladder contractility. CNTF treated lean animals had weight loss and decreased gallbladder contraction to acetylcholine and cholecystokinin compared to saline treated lean animals.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Gallbladder Emptying', 'Insulin', 'Leptin', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mice, Obese', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Obesity', 'Organ Size', 'Vacuoles']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,605 | Do fFT analysis of the X-ray tube voltage waveforms of high-frequency generators for radiographic systems? | {
"contexts": [
"To present a novel method for analyzing the voltage waveform from high-frequency X-ray generators for radiographic systems.",
"The output signal of the actual voltage across the tube of a high-frequency generator was measured using the built-in voltage sense taps that are used for voltage regulation feedback in X-ray generators. The output signal was stored in an analyzing recorder, and the waveforms were analyzed using FFT analysis. The FFT analysis of high-frequency generators consisted of obtaining the power spectrum, comparing the major frequency components in the tube voltage waveforms, and examining the intensity of each frequency component.",
"FFT analysis enables an objective comparison of the complex tube voltage waveforms in high-frequency X-ray generators. FFT analysis detected the change in the X-ray tube voltage waveform that occurred when there were problems with the high-frequency generator."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Electricity",
"Fourier Analysis",
"Humans",
"Quality Assurance, Health Care",
"Radiography",
"Radiometry",
"Reproducibility of Results"
]
} | High-frequency X-ray generators are becoming the universal choice for radiographic systems. The X-ray tube voltage and its waveform are important features of an X-ray generator, and quality assurance (QA) is important, too. As a tool for engineers involved in the design and development of X-ray generators, we can see that our methods (FFT analysis) might have some value as a means of describing generator performance under varying conditions. Furthermore, since the X-ray tube voltage waveform of a high-frequency generator is complex, FFT analysis may be useful for QA of the waveform. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do fFT analysis of the X-ray tube voltage waveforms of high-frequency generators for radiographic systems?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To present a novel method for analyzing the voltage waveform from high-frequency X-ray generators for radiographic systems.', 'The output signal of the actual voltage across the tube of a high-frequency generator was measured using the built-in voltage sense taps that are used for voltage regulation feedback in X-ray generators. The output signal was stored in an analyzing recorder, and the waveforms were analyzed using FFT analysis. The FFT analysis of high-frequency generators consisted of obtaining the power spectrum, comparing the major frequency components in the tube voltage waveforms, and examining the intensity of each frequency component.', 'FFT analysis enables an objective comparison of the complex tube voltage waveforms in high-frequency X-ray generators. FFT analysis detected the change in the X-ray tube voltage waveform that occurred when there were problems with the high-frequency generator.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Electricity', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Humans', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiography', 'Radiometry', 'Reproducibility of Results']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,260 | Does crohn 's disease run a more aggressive course in young Asian patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous inflammatory bowel disease. The impact of age at diagnosis on the clinical course of patients varies widely as reported in the Western literature. Using the Vienna Classification, we seek to determine whether young Crohn's disease patients in an Asian population followed a different clinical course than old patients.",
"The case records of 100 Crohn's disease patients who were treated at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Singapore General Hospital, were studied retrospectively. The age group and location of disease and behavior according to the Vienna classification were determined at diagnosis.",
"A1 group (age <40 years) defined as \"young\" and A2 group (age > or =40) defined as \"old\" contained 65 and 35 patients, respectively. Median age for the young group was 27.4 years and that for the old group was 52.6 years. Of the young patients, 66.7% flared at least once compared with 28.6% of the old patients, odds ratio of 5.0 (P < 0.001). Young patients were more likely to be steroid dependent (20.0% of A1 versus 8.6% of A2, P = 0.14), received azathioprine (38.5% of A1 versus 5.7% of A2, P < 0.001) and experienced complications (31% of A1 versus 20% of A2, P = 0.25)-numerically higher rates that did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the age groups for the location and behavior of disease as well as requirement for surgery."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Crohn Disease",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Singapore"
]
} | In this first Asian study looking specifically at the impact of age at diagnosis of Crohn's disease, we found that young patients underwent a more aggressive clinical course. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does crohn 's disease run a more aggressive course in young Asian patients?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous inflammatory bowel disease. The impact of age at diagnosis on the clinical course of patients varies widely as reported in the Western literature. Using the Vienna Classification, we seek to determine whether young Crohn's disease patients in an Asian population followed a different clinical course than old patients.\", \"The case records of 100 Crohn's disease patients who were treated at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Singapore General Hospital, were studied retrospectively. The age group and location of disease and behavior according to the Vienna classification were determined at diagnosis.\", 'A1 group (age <40 years) defined as \"young\" and A2 group (age > or =40) defined as \"old\" contained 65 and 35 patients, respectively. Median age for the young group was 27.4 years and that for the old group was 52.6 years. Of the young patients, 66.7% flared at least once compared with 28.6% of the old patients, odds ratio of 5.0 (P < 0.001). Young patients were more likely to be steroid dependent (20.0% of A1 versus 8.6% of A2, P = 0.14), received azathioprine (38.5% of A1 versus 5.7% of A2, P < 0.001) and experienced complications (31% of A1 versus 20% of A2, P = 0.25)-numerically higher rates that did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the age groups for the location and behavior of disease as well as requirement for surgery.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Crohn Disease', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Singapore']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,267 | Do effect of patient load on trauma outcomes in a Level I trauma center? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased medical staff workload has been associated with worse outcomes in several studies. Inappropriate staffing has also been implicated in the increased risk of mortality for medical patients admitted on weekends. A theoretical threshold patient load may exist, beyond which the resources are strained and patient outcomes suffer. The goal of the study was to see whether trauma patients admitted during 'high' patient-load periods, at night, or on weekends had worse outcomes.",
"Trauma patients admitted to a high-volume Level I trauma center from 1994 to 2002 were analyzed. Patient load was defined as a combination of the number of patients admitted and the severity of their illness. On the basis of a multivariate regression model, a probability of fatal outcome was calculated for each patient as a marker for the severity of illness. For each patient, two new variables were calculated, the number of admissions (#ad) and the average probability of fatal outcome (PFO) for the 24-hour period in which the patient was admitted (excluding the patient him- or herself). The above variables, night/d, and weekend/d were placed in a multivariate regression model.",
"There were 30,686 patients. Age, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale score, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, systolic blood pressure, and intubation status were the independent predictors of mortality. This model had an outstanding predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. The mean #ad was 11 +/- 4 and PFO was 0.08 +/- 0.07. Values above the 90th percentile were considered 'high' for #ad > 17 or PFO > 0.18. There was no difference in mortality for patients admitted during high #ad (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; p = 0.7) or high PFO (OR, 0.99; p = 0.9) versus low. There was no difference in mortality if a patient was admitted on weekends versus weekdays (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2) or at night versus day (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2). There was no difference in hospital length of stay for high #ad, high PFO, nights, or weekends."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Pressure",
"Female",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve",
"Time Factors",
"Trauma Centers",
"Workload",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | At this Level I trauma center that is part of an established statewide trauma system, patient outcomes were not compromised during high-patient-load periods, at night, or on weekends. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do effect of patient load on trauma outcomes in a Level I trauma center?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Increased medical staff workload has been associated with worse outcomes in several studies. Inappropriate staffing has also been implicated in the increased risk of mortality for medical patients admitted on weekends. A theoretical threshold patient load may exist, beyond which the resources are strained and patient outcomes suffer. The goal of the study was to see whether trauma patients admitted during 'high' patient-load periods, at night, or on weekends had worse outcomes.\", 'Trauma patients admitted to a high-volume Level I trauma center from 1994 to 2002 were analyzed. Patient load was defined as a combination of the number of patients admitted and the severity of their illness. On the basis of a multivariate regression model, a probability of fatal outcome was calculated for each patient as a marker for the severity of illness. For each patient, two new variables were calculated, the number of admissions (#ad) and the average probability of fatal outcome (PFO) for the 24-hour period in which the patient was admitted (excluding the patient him- or herself). The above variables, night/d, and weekend/d were placed in a multivariate regression model.', \"There were 30,686 patients. Age, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale score, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, systolic blood pressure, and intubation status were the independent predictors of mortality. This model had an outstanding predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. The mean #ad was 11 +/- 4 and PFO was 0.08 +/- 0.07. Values above the 90th percentile were considered 'high' for #ad > 17 or PFO > 0.18. There was no difference in mortality for patients admitted during high #ad (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; p = 0.7) or high PFO (OR, 0.99; p = 0.9) versus low. There was no difference in mortality if a patient was admitted on weekends versus weekdays (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2) or at night versus day (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2). There was no difference in hospital length of stay for high #ad, high PFO, nights, or weekends.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Time Factors', 'Trauma Centers', 'Workload', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,269 | Does hypotension increase mortality in brain-injured patients more than it does in non-brain-injured Patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypotension increases mortality after all types of injuries. Prior studies comparing mortality of hypotensive traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients to normotensive TBI patients have implied that hypotension is particularly detrimental after TBI. It is unknown whether hypotension affects TBI patients more severely than it affects other types of patients. We hypothesized that hypotension does not increase mortality in TBI patients more than it does in non-TBI patients.",
"National Trauma Data Bank (1994-2002) patients aged 18 to 45 years with blunt mechanisms of injury treated at Level I and Level II centers were included. Deaths occurring before 24 hours were excluded. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between hypotension (< or =90 mm Hg) and death after adjusting for confounding variables of age, gender, comorbidities, complications, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and severity of associated injuries. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) indicate the risk of death in hypotensive patients in each group compared with normotensive patients in the same group.",
"The study population consisted of 79,478 patients (TBI, 30,742; no TBI, 48,736). Hypotension independently quadrupled the risk of death after adjusting for confounding variables (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-5.6). However, increase in this risk associated with hypotension was the same in TBI (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.5-4.9) and non-TBI patients (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.4-6.0). Furthermore, the relationship between hypotension and TBI did not change with increasing head Abbreviated Injury Scale score severity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Brain Injuries",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypotension",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Hypotension is an independent risk factor for mortality. However, it does not increase mortality in TBI patients more than it does for non-TBI patients. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypotension increase mortality in brain-injured patients more than it does in non-brain-injured Patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypotension increases mortality after all types of injuries. Prior studies comparing mortality of hypotensive traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients to normotensive TBI patients have implied that hypotension is particularly detrimental after TBI. It is unknown whether hypotension affects TBI patients more severely than it affects other types of patients. We hypothesized that hypotension does not increase mortality in TBI patients more than it does in non-TBI patients.', 'National Trauma Data Bank (1994-2002) patients aged 18 to 45 years with blunt mechanisms of injury treated at Level I and Level II centers were included. Deaths occurring before 24 hours were excluded. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between hypotension (< or =90 mm Hg) and death after adjusting for confounding variables of age, gender, comorbidities, complications, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and severity of associated injuries. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) indicate the risk of death in hypotensive patients in each group compared with normotensive patients in the same group.', 'The study population consisted of 79,478 patients (TBI, 30,742; no TBI, 48,736). Hypotension independently quadrupled the risk of death after adjusting for confounding variables (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-5.6). However, increase in this risk associated with hypotension was the same in TBI (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.5-4.9) and non-TBI patients (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.4-6.0). Furthermore, the relationship between hypotension and TBI did not change with increasing head Abbreviated Injury Scale score severity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Brain Injuries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,374,268 | Do manual vital signs reliably predict need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Various types of diagnostic and monitoring techniques are available in the prehospital environment. It is unclear how increasing complexity of diagnostic equipment improves the ability to predict the need for a life-saving intervention (LSI). In this study, we determined whether the addition of diagnostic equipment improved the predictive power of vital signs and scores obtained only by physical examination.",
"Institutional review board approval was obtained for an analysis of 793 prehospital trauma patient records collected during helicopter transport by Emergency Medical Services personnel. Exclusion of severe head injuries and patients with incomplete data resulted in 381 patients available for analysis. Data sets were classified on the basis of the instrumentation requirements for capturing the given measurements and were defined by three groups: Group 1, vital signs obtained with no equipment (radial, femoral, and carotid pulse character; capillary refill; motor and verbal components of the Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]); Group 2, Group 1 plus eye component of the GCS and pulse oximetry (Spo(2)); and Group 3, Group 2 plus fully automated noninvasive blood pressure measurements, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate. LSIs performed during transport and in the hospital were recorded. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model to determine which vital signs were the best predictors of LSI.",
"Radial pulse character and GCS verbal and motor components had the best predictive power for the need of a prehospital LSI in Group 1 (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, 0.97). Radial pulse character together with the eye component of the GCS and the motor component of the GCS provided the best prediction of a need for a prehospital LSI for Group 2 (ROC curve, 0.97). Addition of all supplementary vital signs measured by an automated monitor (Group 3) resulted in an ROC curve of 0.97. Given an abnormal radial pulse character (weak or absent) and abnormal GCS verbal and motor components, the probability of needing an LSI was greater than 88%."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Air Ambulances",
"Blood Pressure",
"Emergency Medical Services",
"Female",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"Hemorrhage",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Male",
"Medical Records",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | In this cohort of patients, predicting the need for an LSI could have been achieved from GCS motor and verbal components and radial pulse character without automated monitors. These data show that simple and rapidly acquired manual measurements could be used to effectively triage non-head-injured trauma casualties. Similar results were obtained from manual measurements compared with those recorded from automated medical instrumentation that may be unavailable or difficult to use in the field. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do manual vital signs reliably predict need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Various types of diagnostic and monitoring techniques are available in the prehospital environment. It is unclear how increasing complexity of diagnostic equipment improves the ability to predict the need for a life-saving intervention (LSI). In this study, we determined whether the addition of diagnostic equipment improved the predictive power of vital signs and scores obtained only by physical examination.', 'Institutional review board approval was obtained for an analysis of 793 prehospital trauma patient records collected during helicopter transport by Emergency Medical Services personnel. Exclusion of severe head injuries and patients with incomplete data resulted in 381 patients available for analysis. Data sets were classified on the basis of the instrumentation requirements for capturing the given measurements and were defined by three groups: Group 1, vital signs obtained with no equipment (radial, femoral, and carotid pulse character; capillary refill; motor and verbal components of the Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]); Group 2, Group 1 plus eye component of the GCS and pulse oximetry (Spo(2)); and Group 3, Group 2 plus fully automated noninvasive blood pressure measurements, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate. LSIs performed during transport and in the hospital were recorded. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model to determine which vital signs were the best predictors of LSI.', 'Radial pulse character and GCS verbal and motor components had the best predictive power for the need of a prehospital LSI in Group 1 (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, 0.97). Radial pulse character together with the eye component of the GCS and the motor component of the GCS provided the best prediction of a need for a prehospital LSI for Group 2 (ROC curve, 0.97). Addition of all supplementary vital signs measured by an automated monitor (Group 3) resulted in an ROC curve of 0.97. Given an abnormal radial pulse character (weak or absent) and abnormal GCS verbal and motor components, the probability of needing an LSI was greater than 88%.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Air Ambulances', 'Blood Pressure', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Female', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,921 | Does aprotinin decrease reperfusion injury and allograft dysfunction in clinical lung transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary graft dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most frequent causes of early morbidity and death after lung transplantation. We hypothesized that the perioperative management with aprotinin decreases the incidence of allograft reperfusion injury and dysfunction after clinical lung transplantation.",
"Lung transplant databases of two transplant centers were used to investigate the incidence of severe post-transplant reperfusion injury (PTRI). We examined data of 142 patients who underwent either single lung (81) or bilateral sequential lung (61) transplantation for COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and miscellaneous lung disorders between 1997 and 2000. Thirty patients were excluded due to heart-lung transplantation or lung transplantation for Eisenmenger's disease, re-transplantation, rejection, or deviation from the standardized triple immunosuppression protocol. The data of remaining 112 patients (control group, 64% single lung, 36% sequential bilateral lung transplants) were compared to the prospectively collected data of 59 lung transplant patients over the last 5 years. All of these 59 patients were managed perioperatively with aprotinin infusion. In addition, Euro-Collins-aprotinin procurement solution (Apt-EC group) was used for 50 donor lungs (58% single lung, 42% sequential bilateral lung transplants). Aprotinin in combination with low-potassium dextran (LPD) flush solution (Apt-LPD group) was used for the procurement of 34 lungs (59% single lung, 41% sequential bilateral lung transplants). The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade III injury score was used for the diagnosis of severe PTRI, which is based on a PaO(2)-FIO(2) ratio of less than 200 mmHg.",
"Severe reperfusion injury grade III was observed in 18% of the control group. ECMO support was required in 25% of these patients. The associated mortality rate was 40%. Correlating factors for PTRI were donor age greater than 35 years (45%, p=0.01, mean age 38+/-8) and recipient pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 60 mmHg (48%, p<0.05). Lung graft ischemic times (231+/-14 min) and intraoperative techniques (cardiopulmonary bypass in 12%) were not associated with negative outcomes. Despite longer ischemic times (258+/-36 min and 317+/-85 min, respectively) and older donors (42+/-12 years and 46+/-12 years, respectively) in the aprotinin patient groups (Apt-EC and Apt-LPD group), the incidence of PTRI was markedly lower (6% and 9%, respectively). There was no mortality in the Apt-EC group and one patient died in the Apt-LPD group due to PTRI-induced graft failure."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Aprotinin",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Graft Survival",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Lung Diseases",
"Lung Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Serine Proteinase Inhibitors",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | Severe PTRI increased short-term morbidity and mortality. The incidence of reperfusion injury was not dependent upon the duration of donor organ ischemia. The use of aprotinin in the perioperative patient management in lung transplantation had strong beneficial effects on the patient outcomes and decreased the incidence of post-transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does aprotinin decrease reperfusion injury and allograft dysfunction in clinical lung transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary graft dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most frequent causes of early morbidity and death after lung transplantation. We hypothesized that the perioperative management with aprotinin decreases the incidence of allograft reperfusion injury and dysfunction after clinical lung transplantation.', \"Lung transplant databases of two transplant centers were used to investigate the incidence of severe post-transplant reperfusion injury (PTRI). We examined data of 142 patients who underwent either single lung (81) or bilateral sequential lung (61) transplantation for COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and miscellaneous lung disorders between 1997 and 2000. Thirty patients were excluded due to heart-lung transplantation or lung transplantation for Eisenmenger's disease, re-transplantation, rejection, or deviation from the standardized triple immunosuppression protocol. The data of remaining 112 patients (control group, 64% single lung, 36% sequential bilateral lung transplants) were compared to the prospectively collected data of 59 lung transplant patients over the last 5 years. All of these 59 patients were managed perioperatively with aprotinin infusion. In addition, Euro-Collins-aprotinin procurement solution (Apt-EC group) was used for 50 donor lungs (58% single lung, 42% sequential bilateral lung transplants). Aprotinin in combination with low-potassium dextran (LPD) flush solution (Apt-LPD group) was used for the procurement of 34 lungs (59% single lung, 41% sequential bilateral lung transplants). The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade III injury score was used for the diagnosis of severe PTRI, which is based on a PaO(2)-FIO(2) ratio of less than 200 mmHg.\", 'Severe reperfusion injury grade III was observed in 18% of the control group. ECMO support was required in 25% of these patients. The associated mortality rate was 40%. Correlating factors for PTRI were donor age greater than 35 years (45%, p=0.01, mean age 38+/-8) and recipient pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 60 mmHg (48%, p<0.05). Lung graft ischemic times (231+/-14 min) and intraoperative techniques (cardiopulmonary bypass in 12%) were not associated with negative outcomes. Despite longer ischemic times (258+/-36 min and 317+/-85 min, respectively) and older donors (42+/-12 years and 46+/-12 years, respectively) in the aprotinin patient groups (Apt-EC and Apt-LPD group), the incidence of PTRI was markedly lower (6% and 9%, respectively). There was no mortality in the Apt-EC group and one patient died in the Apt-LPD group due to PTRI-induced graft failure.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Aprotinin', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,738 | Is lymphovascular invasion associated with poor survival in gastric cancer : an application of gene-expression and tissue array techniques? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine a population-based cohort for the association between clinicopathologic predictors of survival and immunohistochemical markers (IHC), and to assess changes in gene expression that are associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI).",
"LVI has been associated with poor survival and aggressive tumor behavior. The molecular changes responsible for the behavior of gastric cancer have yet to be determined. Characterization of IHC markers and gene expression profiles may identify molecular alterations governing tumor behavior.",
": Clinicopathologic and survival data of 114 patients were reviewed. Archival specimens were used to construct a multitumor tissue array that was subjected to IHC of selected protein targets. Correlation of IHC with tumor thickness (T status), LVI and prognosis was studied. Microarray analysis of fresh gastric cancer tissue was conducted to examine the gene expression profile with respect to LVI.",
"In a multivariate analysis, nodal status (N), metastasis (M), and LVI were independent predictors of survival. LVI was associated with a 5-year survival of 13.9% versus 55.9% in patients in whom it was absent. LVI correlated with advancing T status (P = 0.001) and N status (P < 0.001). IHC staining of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) correlated with T status, tumor grade, lymph node positivity, and IHC staining of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Microarray analyses suggested differential expression of oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) and ribophorin-II (RPNII) with respect to LVI."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | LVI was an independent predictor of survival in gastric cancer. Expression of COX-2 may facilitate tumor invasion through MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. OPHN1 and RPN II appeared to be differentially expressed in gastric cancers exhibiting LVI. The reported function of OPHN1 and RPN II makes these gene products promising candidates for future studies involving LVI in gastric cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lymphovascular invasion associated with poor survival in gastric cancer : an application of gene-expression and tissue array techniques?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine a population-based cohort for the association between clinicopathologic predictors of survival and immunohistochemical markers (IHC), and to assess changes in gene expression that are associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI).', 'LVI has been associated with poor survival and aggressive tumor behavior. The molecular changes responsible for the behavior of gastric cancer have yet to be determined. Characterization of IHC markers and gene expression profiles may identify molecular alterations governing tumor behavior.', ': Clinicopathologic and survival data of 114 patients were reviewed. Archival specimens were used to construct a multitumor tissue array that was subjected to IHC of selected protein targets. Correlation of IHC with tumor thickness (T status), LVI and prognosis was studied. Microarray analysis of fresh gastric cancer tissue was conducted to examine the gene expression profile with respect to LVI.', 'In a multivariate analysis, nodal status (N), metastasis (M), and LVI were independent predictors of survival. LVI was associated with a 5-year survival of 13.9% versus 55.9% in patients in whom it was absent. LVI correlated with advancing T status (P = 0.001) and N status (P < 0.001). IHC staining of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) correlated with T status, tumor grade, lymph node positivity, and IHC staining of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Microarray analyses suggested differential expression of oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) and ribophorin-II (RPNII) with respect to LVI.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,185 | Are ghrelin levels increased in alcoholism? | {
"contexts": [
"The neuropeptides leptin and ghrelin are involved in the appetite regulating network consisting of distinct orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic (leptin) circuitries. Recently, it has been shown that elevated leptin levels are associated with alcohol craving in patients suffering from alcoholism. Therefore, the aim of the present pilot study was to determine whether the gut-derived peptide ghrelin which increases hunger and food intake is altered and associated with alcohol craving in alcoholic patients",
"Two types of alcoholic inpatients, group A (active drinker, acutely intoxicated, n=97) and group B (early abstainer, who had stopped drinking 24-72 hrs before, n=21) were consecutively included in a prospective study from the first day of hospitalization. Ghrelin plasma levels and craving data were assessed on days 0, 1, 2 and 7(-10) and compared to those of 24 healthy controls",
"At each time-point ghrelin plasma levels of alcoholic patients were significantly increased compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, early abstainers showed significantly higher ghrelin levels than active drinkers. In the group of active drinkers ghrelin plasma levels were significantly increased at each time point compared to baseline. No correlations were found between ghrelin levels and craving data measured by the visual analogue scale or the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale"
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcoholism",
"Body Mass Index",
"Central Nervous System Depressants",
"Ethanol",
"Female",
"Ghrelin",
"Humans",
"Inpatients",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder",
"Peptide Hormones",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Sample Size",
"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome"
]
} | Ghrelin levels are elevated in alcoholism and seem to further increase during alcohol withdrawal. However, ghrelin levels do not seem to be associated with alcohol craving. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are ghrelin levels increased in alcoholism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The neuropeptides leptin and ghrelin are involved in the appetite regulating network consisting of distinct orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic (leptin) circuitries. Recently, it has been shown that elevated leptin levels are associated with alcohol craving in patients suffering from alcoholism. Therefore, the aim of the present pilot study was to determine whether the gut-derived peptide ghrelin which increases hunger and food intake is altered and associated with alcohol craving in alcoholic patients', 'Two types of alcoholic inpatients, group A (active drinker, acutely intoxicated, n=97) and group B (early abstainer, who had stopped drinking 24-72 hrs before, n=21) were consecutively included in a prospective study from the first day of hospitalization. Ghrelin plasma levels and craving data were assessed on days 0, 1, 2 and 7(-10) and compared to those of 24 healthy controls', 'At each time-point ghrelin plasma levels of alcoholic patients were significantly increased compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, early abstainers showed significantly higher ghrelin levels than active drinkers. In the group of active drinkers ghrelin plasma levels were significantly increased at each time point compared to baseline. No correlations were found between ghrelin levels and craving data measured by the visual analogue scale or the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Body Mass Index', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Ghrelin', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Peptide Hormones', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Sample Size', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,849 | Does human macroprolactin display low biological activity via its homologous receptor in a new sensitive bioassay? | {
"contexts": [
"Macroprolactinemia is a frequent finding in hyperprolactinemic individuals, usually without clinical impact. Data on biological activity of macroprolactin (bbPRL) are controversial and mostly based on a heterologous rat Nb2 cell bioassay. Biological activity of bbPRL observed in vitro but not in vivo may be due to its high molecular weight, preventing its passage through capillary barrier. Alternatively, bbPRL bioactivity may differ depending on the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) species specificity.",
"The objective of the study was to characterize the bioactivity of bbPRL in a homologous bioassay: Ba/F-3 cells stably expressing the human PRLR.",
"Chromatography-purified bbPRL from macroprolactinemic individuals (group I, n = 18) and monomeric PRL from hyperprolactinemic patients without macroprolactinemia (group II, n = 5) were tested in Nb2 and Ba/F-LLP bioassays. Both groups were followed up at the neuroendocrinology outpatients' clinic.",
"Biological activity of bbPRL presented in the two bioassays was measured.",
"In group I, no patient had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of bbPRL in the Nb2 assay was 0.69. There was no dose-response in 15 of the 18 samples tested in Ba/F-LLP assay. In group II, three patients had galactorrhea and all five had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of monomeric PRL samples was 1.35 in Nb2 and 0.91 in Ba/F-LLP assay."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biological Assay",
"Cell Line",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Hyperprolactinemia",
"Prolactin",
"Receptors, Prolactin",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | Whereas both bioassays achieve similar results with respect to monomeric PRL activity, our results indicate that the activity displayed by bbPRL toward the rat receptor may be inappropriate because it is not observed in the human PRLR-mediated assay, consistent with the apparent absence of bioactivity in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does human macroprolactin display low biological activity via its homologous receptor in a new sensitive bioassay?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Macroprolactinemia is a frequent finding in hyperprolactinemic individuals, usually without clinical impact. Data on biological activity of macroprolactin (bbPRL) are controversial and mostly based on a heterologous rat Nb2 cell bioassay. Biological activity of bbPRL observed in vitro but not in vivo may be due to its high molecular weight, preventing its passage through capillary barrier. Alternatively, bbPRL bioactivity may differ depending on the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) species specificity.', 'The objective of the study was to characterize the bioactivity of bbPRL in a homologous bioassay: Ba/F-3 cells stably expressing the human PRLR.', \"Chromatography-purified bbPRL from macroprolactinemic individuals (group I, n = 18) and monomeric PRL from hyperprolactinemic patients without macroprolactinemia (group II, n = 5) were tested in Nb2 and Ba/F-LLP bioassays. Both groups were followed up at the neuroendocrinology outpatients' clinic.\", 'Biological activity of bbPRL presented in the two bioassays was measured.', 'In group I, no patient had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of bbPRL in the Nb2 assay was 0.69. There was no dose-response in 15 of the 18 samples tested in Ba/F-LLP assay. In group II, three patients had galactorrhea and all five had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of monomeric PRL samples was 1.35 in Nb2 and 0.91 in Ba/F-LLP assay.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biological Assay', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hyperprolactinemia', 'Prolactin', 'Receptors, Prolactin', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,841 | Does thyrotropin stimulate the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dual activation by TSH of the phospholipase C and cAMP cascades has been reported in human thyroid cells. In contrast, Singh et al. reported convincing data in FRTL-5 thyrocytes arguing against such an effect in this model. Their data in FRTL-5 cells indicated no increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in response to TSH. Therefore, the authors questioned results previously obtained on human cells by cruder methodology.",
"We investigated the formation of inositol phosphates by HPLC techniques in human thyroid slices to separate the inositol phosphate isomers.",
"Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate were increased after TSH stimulation. The effect of TSH in human thyroid cells was reproduced by recombinant TSH and prevented by antibodies blocking the TSH receptor. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies at concentrations eliciting a cAMP response equivalent to TSH failed to stimulate inositol phosphate generation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CHO Cells",
"Cattle",
"Cricetinae",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate",
"Inositol Phosphates",
"Receptors, Thyrotropin",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Thyroid Gland",
"Thyrotropin",
"Transfection"
]
} | TSH, but not thyroid-stimulating antibodies, activates both cAMP and the phospholipase C cascade in human thyroid as now demonstrated by an increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and its inositol phosphate metabolites. Therefore, this effect cannot be extrapolated to the FRTL-5 cell line. The apparent discrepancy may be due to a difference between species (human vs. rat) or to the loss of the fresh tissue properties in a cell line. The dual effect of TSH in human cells, through cAMP on secretion of thyroid hormones and through the diacylglycerol, Ins(1,4,5)P3 Ca2+ pathway on thyroid hormone synthesis, implies the possible separation of these effects in thyroid disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does thyrotropin stimulate the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dual activation by TSH of the phospholipase C and cAMP cascades has been reported in human thyroid cells. In contrast, Singh et al. reported convincing data in FRTL-5 thyrocytes arguing against such an effect in this model. Their data in FRTL-5 cells indicated no increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in response to TSH. Therefore, the authors questioned results previously obtained on human cells by cruder methodology.', 'We investigated the formation of inositol phosphates by HPLC techniques in human thyroid slices to separate the inositol phosphate isomers.', 'Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate were increased after TSH stimulation. The effect of TSH in human thyroid cells was reproduced by recombinant TSH and prevented by antibodies blocking the TSH receptor. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies at concentrations eliciting a cAMP response equivalent to TSH failed to stimulate inositol phosphate generation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cattle', 'Cricetinae', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Receptors, Thyrotropin', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyrotropin', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,381,615 | Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory? | {
"contexts": [
"Absenteeism from outpatient appointments is common. Telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient-appointment absenteeism in many clinic settings.",
"To determine if telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory.",
"We conducted a retrospective review of our pulmonary function laboratory's outpatient appointment records from April to November 2004. Data were collected from consecutive outpatient appointments, including patient age, sex, whether a telephone appointment-reminder call was successfully made, and whether the patient showed up for the scheduled test. We performed 3 analyses. Differences in absenteeism between the groups was the primary outcome measure. First, appointments were separated into 2 groups: (1) appointments for which a reminder call was attempted (\"called\" group) and (2) appointments for which a reminder call was not attempted (\"not-called\" group). The appointments were then separated into 2 further groups: (1) the reminder call was successfully achieved (\"contacted\" group) and (2) the patient either was not called or was called but could not be reached (\"not-contacted\" group). Finally, the contacted group was separated into 2 further groups: (1) reminder calls that resulted in direct conversation with an appropriate person at the patient's listed telephone number, and (2) reminder message left on an answering machine.",
"Data were collected from 515 consecutive outpatient appointments; 45 (8.7%) of these patients did not show up for testing. The absentee rate was 4.7% (n = 10) in the called group and 11.6% (n = 35) in the not-called group (p = 0.0066). In the called group, 6.5% (n = 14) could not be reached. The absentee rate was 4% (n = 8) in the contacted group and 11.7% (n = 37) in the not-contacted group (p = 0.0021). We found no difference in absenteeism between patients who received reminders via direct conversation (4.2%) and those who had a reminder message left on an answering machine (3.7%) (p > 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Appointments and Schedules",
"Humans",
"New Hampshire",
"Outpatient Clinics, Hospital",
"Patient Compliance",
"Reminder Systems",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Telephone",
"Time Factors"
]
} | A policy of reminding outpatients of their appointments via telephone reduces absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory. We found no difference in absenteeism between communicating the reminder via direct conversation versus via leaving a message on an answering machine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Absenteeism from outpatient appointments is common. Telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient-appointment absenteeism in many clinic settings.', 'To determine if telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of our pulmonary function laboratory\\'s outpatient appointment records from April to November 2004. Data were collected from consecutive outpatient appointments, including patient age, sex, whether a telephone appointment-reminder call was successfully made, and whether the patient showed up for the scheduled test. We performed 3 analyses. Differences in absenteeism between the groups was the primary outcome measure. First, appointments were separated into 2 groups: (1) appointments for which a reminder call was attempted (\"called\" group) and (2) appointments for which a reminder call was not attempted (\"not-called\" group). The appointments were then separated into 2 further groups: (1) the reminder call was successfully achieved (\"contacted\" group) and (2) the patient either was not called or was called but could not be reached (\"not-contacted\" group). Finally, the contacted group was separated into 2 further groups: (1) reminder calls that resulted in direct conversation with an appropriate person at the patient\\'s listed telephone number, and (2) reminder message left on an answering machine.', 'Data were collected from 515 consecutive outpatient appointments; 45 (8.7%) of these patients did not show up for testing. The absentee rate was 4.7% (n = 10) in the called group and 11.6% (n = 35) in the not-called group (p = 0.0066). In the called group, 6.5% (n = 14) could not be reached. The absentee rate was 4% (n = 8) in the contacted group and 11.7% (n = 37) in the not-contacted group (p = 0.0021). We found no difference in absenteeism between patients who received reminders via direct conversation (4.2%) and those who had a reminder message left on an answering machine (3.7%) (p > 0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Appointments and Schedules', 'Humans', 'New Hampshire', 'Outpatient Clinics, Hospital', 'Patient Compliance', 'Reminder Systems', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Telephone', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,562 | Does residual air in the venous cannula increase cerebral embolization at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"When the right atrium (RA) cannula is connected to the venous return line of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, air is often introduced. Air in the venous cannula may increase cerebral air embolization at initiation of CPB despite the arterial line filter. We measured the volume of air present in the venous cannula after cannulation of the RA. Transcranial Doppler quantified emboli as high-intensity transient-signals (HITS) in both middle-cerebral arteries (MCA) at the beginning of CPB.",
"After RA cannulation, the air column in the venous line was measured and the total volume calculated using the known lumen diameter. CPB onset was defined as the instant when the CPB machine started moving the patient's blood from the RA into the venous reservoir. Starting from CPB onset, HITS were counted: (a) until completion of the first minute on CPB (1-min count) and (b) until aortic cross clamping (pre-clamping count).",
"We studied 135 patients during coronary artery bypass surgery operated on by 10 cardiac surgeons. HITS during onset of CPB were detected in 95% of patients. Median counts were 10 HITS (25th, 75th percentiles: 3, 26) at 1-min and 21 HITS (8, 51) during pre-clamping. A significant correlation was found between the volume of air in the venous cannula and the HITS counts (r=0.524, p<0.0001). Absence of retained air was associated with lower HITS counts [3 HITS (1, 11)] compared with any amount of air [13 HITS (4, 29), p=0.002)]. The volume of air in the venous cannula, the MCA mean blood flow velocity and the pre-clamping time were the only independent predictors of the pre-clamping HITS counts (p<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Body Temperature",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Catheterization",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Coronary Disease",
"Embolism, Air",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Embolism",
"Intraoperative Complications",
"Linear Models",
"Middle Aged",
"Middle Cerebral Artery",
"Nasopharynx",
"Regression Analysis",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial"
]
} | Air in the venous cannula can result in HITS in the MCA. Minimizing the volume of air introduced into the venous cannula after cannulation of the RA can decrease cerebral air embolization at the beginning of CPB. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does residual air in the venous cannula increase cerebral embolization at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass?\nContext: {'contexts': ['When the right atrium (RA) cannula is connected to the venous return line of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, air is often introduced. Air in the venous cannula may increase cerebral air embolization at initiation of CPB despite the arterial line filter. We measured the volume of air present in the venous cannula after cannulation of the RA. Transcranial Doppler quantified emboli as high-intensity transient-signals (HITS) in both middle-cerebral arteries (MCA) at the beginning of CPB.', \"After RA cannulation, the air column in the venous line was measured and the total volume calculated using the known lumen diameter. CPB onset was defined as the instant when the CPB machine started moving the patient's blood from the RA into the venous reservoir. Starting from CPB onset, HITS were counted: (a) until completion of the first minute on CPB (1-min count) and (b) until aortic cross clamping (pre-clamping count).\", 'We studied 135 patients during coronary artery bypass surgery operated on by 10 cardiac surgeons. HITS during onset of CPB were detected in 95% of patients. Median counts were 10 HITS (25th, 75th percentiles: 3, 26) at 1-min and 21 HITS (8, 51) during pre-clamping. A significant correlation was found between the volume of air in the venous cannula and the HITS counts (r=0.524, p<0.0001). Absence of retained air was associated with lower HITS counts [3 HITS (1, 11)] compared with any amount of air [13 HITS (4, 29), p=0.002)]. The volume of air in the venous cannula, the MCA mean blood flow velocity and the pre-clamping time were the only independent predictors of the pre-clamping HITS counts (p<0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Body Temperature', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Catheterization', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Embolism, Air', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Linear Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Nasopharynx', 'Regression Analysis', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,565 | Does indexed effective orifice area after mechanical aortic valve replacement affect left ventricular mass regression in elderly? | {
"contexts": [
"After aortic valve replacement, the effects of a small functional prosthesis on the extent and pattern of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and on clinical outcomes may be less significant in older patients with low cardiac output requirements. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether patient-prosthesis mismatch affects left ventricular mass regression in the elderly.",
"The population studied was made up of 88 patients over 65 years of age with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. The effective orifice area index was calculated for each patient on the basis of the projected prosthesis in vivo effective orifice area. It was considered a continuous variable and influence of its entire range of values on the extent of left ventricular mass regression was analyzed in a multivariate prediction model.",
"Even though, in the group with prosthesis-patient mismatch there was a trend for lower postoperative left ventricular mass index (115+/-24 g/m(2) vs 102+/-27 g/m(2), p=0.24) and postoperative peak trans-prosthetic gradients (32+/-9.8 mmHg vs 28.9+/-7.79 mmHg, p=0.35) these differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of residual left ventricular hypertrophy at follow-up was 50% in the group with patient-prosthesis mismatch and 50% in the group without patient-prosthesis mismatch (p=0.83). In multivariate analysis the only factors associated with indexed left ventricular mass were the follow-up time (p=0.015, r(2)=0.22) and preoperative indexed left ventricular mass (p=0.0012, r(2)=0.11)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aortic Valve",
"Aortic Valve Stenosis",
"Cardiac Output",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Heart Valve Prosthesis",
"Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation",
"Humans",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Prosthesis Design",
"Remission Induction",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The major finding of our study is that patient-prosthesis mismatch does not affect left ventricular mass regression in patients older than 65 with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. In older patients with low cardiac output requirements, even a small change in the valve effective orifice area after aortic valve replacement with modern efficient mechanical prosthesis, will result in a marked reduction of pressure gradient and this will be associated with a significant regression of left ventricular mass. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does indexed effective orifice area after mechanical aortic valve replacement affect left ventricular mass regression in elderly?\nContext: {'contexts': ['After aortic valve replacement, the effects of a small functional prosthesis on the extent and pattern of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and on clinical outcomes may be less significant in older patients with low cardiac output requirements. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether patient-prosthesis mismatch affects left ventricular mass regression in the elderly.', 'The population studied was made up of 88 patients over 65 years of age with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. The effective orifice area index was calculated for each patient on the basis of the projected prosthesis in vivo effective orifice area. It was considered a continuous variable and influence of its entire range of values on the extent of left ventricular mass regression was analyzed in a multivariate prediction model.', 'Even though, in the group with prosthesis-patient mismatch there was a trend for lower postoperative left ventricular mass index (115+/-24 g/m(2) vs 102+/-27 g/m(2), p=0.24) and postoperative peak trans-prosthetic gradients (32+/-9.8 mmHg vs 28.9+/-7.79 mmHg, p=0.35) these differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of residual left ventricular hypertrophy at follow-up was 50% in the group with patient-prosthesis mismatch and 50% in the group without patient-prosthesis mismatch (p=0.83). In multivariate analysis the only factors associated with indexed left ventricular mass were the follow-up time (p=0.015, r(2)=0.22) and preoperative indexed left ventricular mass (p=0.0012, r(2)=0.11).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Cardiac Output', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Remission Induction', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,387,751 | Does adjustment of antibiotic treatment according to the results of blood cultures lead to decreased antibiotic use and costs? | {
"contexts": [
"To avoid the use of unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics, empirical therapy of bacteraemia should be adjusted according to the results of blood cultures.",
"To investigate whether the results of blood cultures led to changes in antibiotic use and costs in a tertiary-care university hospital in Norway.",
"Medical records from all patients with positive blood cultures in 2001 were analysed retrospectively. Factors predisposing to infections, results of blood cultures, antibiotic use and outcome were recorded. The influence of blood culture results on antibiotic treatment and costs were analysed.",
"The antibiotic use in 226 episodes of bacteraemia in 214 patients was analysed. According to the guidelines empirical antibiotic treatment should be adjusted in 166 episodes. Antibiotic use was adjusted in 146 (88%) of these 166 episodes, which led to a narrowing of therapy in 118 (80%) episodes. Compared with empirical therapy there was a 22% reduction in the number of antibiotics. Adjustment of therapy was more often performed in Gram-negative bacteraemia and polymicrobial cultures than in Gram-positive bacteraemia. In bacteraemia caused by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, ampicillin was mostly replaced by ciprofloxacin. The cost for 7 days adjusted therapy in 146 episodes was euro19,800 (23%) less than for 7 days of empirical therapy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Bacteremia",
"Drug Costs",
"Escherichia coli",
"Female",
"Gram-Negative Bacteria",
"Gram-Positive Bacteria",
"Guidelines as Topic",
"Hospitals, University",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Norway",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Adjustment of antibiotic therapy according to the results of blood cultures led to a reduction in the number of antibiotics and a narrowing of antibiotic therapy. The costs for antibiotics decreased. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does adjustment of antibiotic treatment according to the results of blood cultures lead to decreased antibiotic use and costs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To avoid the use of unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics, empirical therapy of bacteraemia should be adjusted according to the results of blood cultures.', 'To investigate whether the results of blood cultures led to changes in antibiotic use and costs in a tertiary-care university hospital in Norway.', 'Medical records from all patients with positive blood cultures in 2001 were analysed retrospectively. Factors predisposing to infections, results of blood cultures, antibiotic use and outcome were recorded. The influence of blood culture results on antibiotic treatment and costs were analysed.', 'The antibiotic use in 226 episodes of bacteraemia in 214 patients was analysed. According to the guidelines empirical antibiotic treatment should be adjusted in 166 episodes. Antibiotic use was adjusted in 146 (88%) of these 166 episodes, which led to a narrowing of therapy in 118 (80%) episodes. Compared with empirical therapy there was a 22% reduction in the number of antibiotics. Adjustment of therapy was more often performed in Gram-negative bacteraemia and polymicrobial cultures than in Gram-positive bacteraemia. In bacteraemia caused by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, ampicillin was mostly replaced by ciprofloxacin. The cost for 7 days adjusted therapy in 146 episodes was euro19,800 (23%) less than for 7 days of empirical therapy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteremia', 'Drug Costs', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,752 | Do glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids? | {
"contexts": [
"The antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides is influenced by various factors such as salt content, pH and the presence of proteins. In this study, we explored the antibacterial action of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in physiologically relevant conditions, i.e. various human wound fluids, human plasma fractions and serum.",
"Radial diffusion assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed for the study of antibacterial effects of LL-37 in the presence of 12 different wound fluids, citrate-, heparin- or EDTA-plasma, or human serum. Glycosaminoglycan content of wound fluids was determined by an Alcian Blue-binding assay. Protein content of wound fluids was measured by the Bradford method. A slot-binding assay was used to study the effects of inhibitors on the interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans.",
"Five of twelve wound fluids derived from acute wounds showed marked inhibitory effects on the antibacterial action of LL-37. The inhibition was significantly correlated with high glycosaminoglycan content in wound fluid. Analogous to these findings, heparin-plasma strongly inhibited the antibacterial effect of LL-37. The interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans was abrogated by the cationic polymers DEAE-dextran and chitosan, yielding increased activity of LL-37."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Anticoagulants",
"Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides",
"Body Fluids",
"Cathelicidins",
"Escherichia coli",
"Glycosaminoglycans",
"Heparin",
"Microbial Sensitivity Tests",
"Plasma",
"Protein Binding",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Glycosaminoglycan-rich biological fluids inhibit the antibacterial effects of LL-37. Furthermore, polycations that bind to glycosaminoglycans increase the antibacterial activities of endogenous antimicrobial peptides in glycosaminoglycan-containing biological fluids. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides is influenced by various factors such as salt content, pH and the presence of proteins. In this study, we explored the antibacterial action of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in physiologically relevant conditions, i.e. various human wound fluids, human plasma fractions and serum.', 'Radial diffusion assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed for the study of antibacterial effects of LL-37 in the presence of 12 different wound fluids, citrate-, heparin- or EDTA-plasma, or human serum. Glycosaminoglycan content of wound fluids was determined by an Alcian Blue-binding assay. Protein content of wound fluids was measured by the Bradford method. A slot-binding assay was used to study the effects of inhibitors on the interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans.', 'Five of twelve wound fluids derived from acute wounds showed marked inhibitory effects on the antibacterial action of LL-37. The inhibition was significantly correlated with high glycosaminoglycan content in wound fluid. Analogous to these findings, heparin-plasma strongly inhibited the antibacterial effect of LL-37. The interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans was abrogated by the cationic polymers DEAE-dextran and chitosan, yielding increased activity of LL-37.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anticoagulants', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Body Fluids', 'Cathelicidins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Heparin', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasma', 'Protein Binding', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,526 | Does production of a novel class of polyreactive pathogenic autoantibodies in BXD2 mice cause glomerulonephritis and arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"The BXD2 mouse strain spontaneously develops glomerulonephritis and erosive arthritis. The goal of this study was to identify the antigenic target proteins and epitopes and to unravel the mechanisms by which the related conditions arise in BXD2 mice.",
"Individual hybridomas isolated from the spleen of a 10-month-old BXD2 mouse were injected intraperitoneally into nonautoimmune mice for evaluation of pathogenicity of each autoantibody. Autoantigens were immunoprecipitated with the pathogenic autoantibody L3A4. Autoantigens were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS. Antigenic epitopes were determined using a high-throughput epitope mapping method.",
"The production of autoantibodies in BXD2 mice occurred in an orderly progression, with peak levels of autoantibodies to nitrotyrosine (NT)-modified enolase, Ro, alpha-actin, and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) preceding peak levels of antihistone, anti-DNA, and rheumatoid factor. Two monoclonal autoantibodies, L3A4 and T56G10, were identified that could induce immune complexes, renal disease, and/or arthritis. Both L3A4 and T56G10 were polyreactive, and each reacted with separate sets of autoantigens. The antigenic targets of L3A4 consisted of NT-modified enolase, ATP5b, alpha-actin, and Hsp70 family proteins including Hspa5 and Hsp74. The antigenic epitopes of NT-modified enolase and Hspa5 exhibited sequence homology and cross-reactivity, suggesting that epitope spreading may occur through a molecular mimicry mechanism."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arthritis",
"Autoantibodies",
"Glomerulonephritis",
"Mice"
]
} | The polyreactivity of autoantibodies that target a novel class of autoantigens may enable these autoantibodies to induce erosive arthritis or glomerulonephritis either by direct pathogenic mechanisms or indirectly via Fc or immune complex deposition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does production of a novel class of polyreactive pathogenic autoantibodies in BXD2 mice cause glomerulonephritis and arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The BXD2 mouse strain spontaneously develops glomerulonephritis and erosive arthritis. The goal of this study was to identify the antigenic target proteins and epitopes and to unravel the mechanisms by which the related conditions arise in BXD2 mice.', 'Individual hybridomas isolated from the spleen of a 10-month-old BXD2 mouse were injected intraperitoneally into nonautoimmune mice for evaluation of pathogenicity of each autoantibody. Autoantigens were immunoprecipitated with the pathogenic autoantibody L3A4. Autoantigens were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS. Antigenic epitopes were determined using a high-throughput epitope mapping method.', 'The production of autoantibodies in BXD2 mice occurred in an orderly progression, with peak levels of autoantibodies to nitrotyrosine (NT)-modified enolase, Ro, alpha-actin, and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) preceding peak levels of antihistone, anti-DNA, and rheumatoid factor. Two monoclonal autoantibodies, L3A4 and T56G10, were identified that could induce immune complexes, renal disease, and/or arthritis. Both L3A4 and T56G10 were polyreactive, and each reacted with separate sets of autoantigens. The antigenic targets of L3A4 consisted of NT-modified enolase, ATP5b, alpha-actin, and Hsp70 family proteins including Hspa5 and Hsp74. The antigenic epitopes of NT-modified enolase and Hspa5 exhibited sequence homology and cross-reactivity, suggesting that epitope spreading may occur through a molecular mimicry mechanism.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arthritis', 'Autoantibodies', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Mice']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,606 | Do audio spectrum and sound pressure levels vary between pulse oximeters? | {
"contexts": [
"The variable-pitch pulse oximeter is an important intraoperative patient monitor. Our ability to hear its auditory signal depends on its acoustical properties and our hearing. This study quantitatively describes the audio spectrum and sound pressure levels of the monitoring tones produced by five variable-pitch pulse oximeters.",
"We compared the Datex-Ohmeda Capnomac Ultima, Hewlett-Packard M1166A, Datex-Engstrom AS/3, Ohmeda Biox 3700, and Datex-Ohmeda 3800 oximeters. Three machines of each of the five models were assessed for sound pressure levels (using a precision sound level meter) and audio spectrum (using a hanning windowed fast Fourier trans-form of three beats at saturations of 99%, 90%, and 85%).",
"The widest range of sound pressure levels was produced by the Hewlett-Packard M1166A (46.5 +/- 1.74 dB to 76.9 +/- 2.77 dB). The loudest model was the Datex-Engstrom AS/3 (89.2 +/- 5.36 dB). Three oximeters, when set to the lower ranges of their volume settings, were indistinguishable from background operating room noise. Each model produced sounds with different audio spectra. Although each model produced a fundamental tone with multiple harmonic overtones, the number of harmonics varied with each model; from three harmonic tones on the Hewlett-Packard M1166A, to 12 on the Ohmeda Biox 3700. There were variations between models, and individual machines of the same model with respect to the fundamental tone associated with a given saturation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Equipment Design",
"Oximetry",
"Sound",
"Sound Spectrography"
]
} | There is considerable variance in the sound pressure and audio spectrum of commercially-available pulse oximeters. Further studies are warranted in order to establish standards. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do audio spectrum and sound pressure levels vary between pulse oximeters?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The variable-pitch pulse oximeter is an important intraoperative patient monitor. Our ability to hear its auditory signal depends on its acoustical properties and our hearing. This study quantitatively describes the audio spectrum and sound pressure levels of the monitoring tones produced by five variable-pitch pulse oximeters.', 'We compared the Datex-Ohmeda Capnomac Ultima, Hewlett-Packard M1166A, Datex-Engstrom AS/3, Ohmeda Biox 3700, and Datex-Ohmeda 3800 oximeters. Three machines of each of the five models were assessed for sound pressure levels (using a precision sound level meter) and audio spectrum (using a hanning windowed fast Fourier trans-form of three beats at saturations of 99%, 90%, and 85%).', 'The widest range of sound pressure levels was produced by the Hewlett-Packard M1166A (46.5 +/- 1.74 dB to 76.9 +/- 2.77 dB). The loudest model was the Datex-Engstrom AS/3 (89.2 +/- 5.36 dB). Three oximeters, when set to the lower ranges of their volume settings, were indistinguishable from background operating room noise. Each model produced sounds with different audio spectra. Although each model produced a fundamental tone with multiple harmonic overtones, the number of harmonics varied with each model; from three harmonic tones on the Hewlett-Packard M1166A, to 12 on the Ohmeda Biox 3700. There were variations between models, and individual machines of the same model with respect to the fundamental tone associated with a given saturation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Equipment Design', 'Oximetry', 'Sound', 'Sound Spectrography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,492 | Does acute weight loss followed by an aggressive nutritional recovery strategy have little impact on on-water rowing performance? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the influence of moderate, acute weight loss on on-water rowing performance when aggressive nutritional recovery strategies were used in the two hours between weigh in and racing.",
"Competitive rowers (n = 17) undertook three on-water 1800 m time trials under cool conditions (mean (SD) temperature 8.4 (2.0) degrees C), each separated by 48 hours. No weight limit was imposed for the first time trial--that is, unrestricted body mass (UNR1). However, one of the remaining two trials followed a 4% loss in body mass in the previous 24 hours (WT(-4%)). No weight limit was imposed for the other trial (UNR2). Aggressive nutritional recovery strategies (WT(-4%), 2.3 g/kg carbohydrate, 34 mg/kg Na+, and 28.4 ml/kg fluid; UNR, ad libitum) were used in the first 90 minutes of the two hours between weigh in and performance trials.",
"WT(-4%) had only a small and statistically non-significant effect on the on-water time trial performance (mean 1.0 second, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.9 to 2.8; p = 0.29) compared with UNR. This was despite a significant decrease in plasma volume at the time of weigh in for WT(-4%) compared with UNR (-9.2%, 95% CI -12.8% to -5.6%; p<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Body Weight",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Physical Fitness",
"Sports",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | Acute weight loss of up to 4% over 24 hours, when combined with aggressive nutritional recovery strategies, can be undertaken with minimal impact on on-water rowing performance, at least in cool conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute weight loss followed by an aggressive nutritional recovery strategy have little impact on on-water rowing performance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the influence of moderate, acute weight loss on on-water rowing performance when aggressive nutritional recovery strategies were used in the two hours between weigh in and racing.', 'Competitive rowers (n = 17) undertook three on-water 1800 m time trials under cool conditions (mean (SD) temperature 8.4 (2.0) degrees C), each separated by 48 hours. No weight limit was imposed for the first time trial--that is, unrestricted body mass (UNR1). However, one of the remaining two trials followed a 4% loss in body mass in the previous 24 hours (WT(-4%)). No weight limit was imposed for the other trial (UNR2). Aggressive nutritional recovery strategies (WT(-4%), 2.3 g/kg carbohydrate, 34 mg/kg Na+, and 28.4 ml/kg fluid; UNR, ad libitum) were used in the first 90 minutes of the two hours between weigh in and performance trials.', 'WT(-4%) had only a small and statistically non-significant effect on the on-water time trial performance (mean 1.0 second, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.9 to 2.8; p = 0.29) compared with UNR. This was despite a significant decrease in plasma volume at the time of weigh in for WT(-4%) compared with UNR (-9.2%, 95% CI -12.8% to -5.6%; p<0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Weight', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physical Fitness', 'Sports', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,307 | Are oxidized-LDL levels changed during short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with statin treatment in early Type 2 diabetes : a study of endothelial function and microalbuminuria? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) treatment during serum glucose variations on plasma oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels in obese patients with early Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its relationship to endothelial biomarkers.",
"In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 15 obese diet-treated T2D patients received cerivastatin (0.4 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months. Circulating ox-LDL levels were measured fasting and during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (approximately 5.5 mmol/l; EHC) and a hyperglycemic clamp (approximately 20 mmol/l; HC). An endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study was carried out and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured at rest and during EHC. S-ICAM, s-VCAM and basal prothrombotic factors were also measured.",
"During cerivastatin treatment, basal circulating ox-LDL levels decreased by 48% (P<0.001) compared with placebo. Serum ox-LDL levels decreased during EHC and remained unchanged during HC compared with the fasting state; with cerivastatin treatment these levels were lower compared with placebo both in the fasting state and during the clamp studies. FMD was higher with cerivastatin than with placebo (P<0.001) and the increments in FMD correlated with decrements in serum ox-LDL levels (r=0.78, P=0.001). Microalbuminuria increased during EHC but this was blunted during cerivastatin therapy compared with placebo (P<0.05). Basal sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Albuminuria",
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pyridines",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | In early obese Type 2 diabetic patients, serum ox-LDL levels are influenced by short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with cerivastatin therapy. During cerivastatin treatment, improved flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation was associated with decrements in circulating ox-LDL levels and the hyperinsulinaemia-induced urinary albumin excretion was blunted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are oxidized-LDL levels changed during short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with statin treatment in early Type 2 diabetes : a study of endothelial function and microalbuminuria?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) treatment during serum glucose variations on plasma oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels in obese patients with early Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its relationship to endothelial biomarkers.', 'In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 15 obese diet-treated T2D patients received cerivastatin (0.4 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months. Circulating ox-LDL levels were measured fasting and during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (approximately 5.5 mmol/l; EHC) and a hyperglycemic clamp (approximately 20 mmol/l; HC). An endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study was carried out and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured at rest and during EHC. S-ICAM, s-VCAM and basal prothrombotic factors were also measured.', 'During cerivastatin treatment, basal circulating ox-LDL levels decreased by 48% (P<0.001) compared with placebo. Serum ox-LDL levels decreased during EHC and remained unchanged during HC compared with the fasting state; with cerivastatin treatment these levels were lower compared with placebo both in the fasting state and during the clamp studies. FMD was higher with cerivastatin than with placebo (P<0.001) and the increments in FMD correlated with decrements in serum ox-LDL levels (r=0.78, P=0.001). Microalbuminuria increased during EHC but this was blunted during cerivastatin therapy compared with placebo (P<0.05). Basal sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Albuminuria', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyridines', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,308 | Is clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease in diabetes associated with an increase in platelet microparticle levels? | {
"contexts": [
"The commonest cause of mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes is atherothrombosis, which can be related to abnormalities in the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways, as well as in platelet function. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) may contribute to the prothrombotic state and may promote the progression of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that PMPs are elevated in Type 2 diabetes and that patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerosis would have the highest levels. Similarly, we hypothesized that soluble plasma P-selectin (sPsel) and CD40L (both molecules which are released by activated platelets), as well as %CD62P (P-selectin) and %CD63 positivity on platelets quantified by flow cytometry, would be highest in patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease, and might be correlated to PMP levels.",
"Venous blood was obtained from 21 Type 2 diabetic patients without atherosclerotic complications, 18 diabetic patients with clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease and 21 non-diabetic control subjects. PMPs, as well as %CD62P and %CD63 positivity on platelets, were quantified by flow cytometry. sPsel and CD40L were measured using ELISA.",
"Patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease had the highest PMP (P=0.045) and sPsel (P=0.046) levels, compared with patients without complications (who had intermediate PMP levels) and control subjects. Control subjects had the lowest CD40L levels (P<0.001) when compared with patients with Type 2 diabetes, with no difference in sCD40L levels between the two diabetic subgroups. %CD62P and %CD63 positivity did not differ between the groups. PMP levels correlated with %CD62P positivity (P=0.026) but not to %CD63 positivity (P=0.089), sCD40L (P=0.407) or sP-sel (P=0.163); sCD40L levels did not correlate with any other marker of platelet activation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Platelets",
"CD40 Ligand",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Angiopathies",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"P-Selectin",
"Platelet Aggregation"
]
} | PMPs are elevated in Type 2 diabetes. In addition, patients with clinically apparent atherosclerosis had the highest levels of PMPs and sPsel. Thus, PMPs may be a marker of symptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease in Type 2 diabetes, and may both represent a useful risk stratification tool as well as a novel therapeutic target for anti-thrombotic drugs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease in diabetes associated with an increase in platelet microparticle levels?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The commonest cause of mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes is atherothrombosis, which can be related to abnormalities in the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways, as well as in platelet function. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) may contribute to the prothrombotic state and may promote the progression of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that PMPs are elevated in Type 2 diabetes and that patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerosis would have the highest levels. Similarly, we hypothesized that soluble plasma P-selectin (sPsel) and CD40L (both molecules which are released by activated platelets), as well as %CD62P (P-selectin) and %CD63 positivity on platelets quantified by flow cytometry, would be highest in patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease, and might be correlated to PMP levels.', 'Venous blood was obtained from 21 Type 2 diabetic patients without atherosclerotic complications, 18 diabetic patients with clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease and 21 non-diabetic control subjects. PMPs, as well as %CD62P and %CD63 positivity on platelets, were quantified by flow cytometry. sPsel and CD40L were measured using ELISA.', 'Patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease had the highest PMP (P=0.045) and sPsel (P=0.046) levels, compared with patients without complications (who had intermediate PMP levels) and control subjects. Control subjects had the lowest CD40L levels (P<0.001) when compared with patients with Type 2 diabetes, with no difference in sCD40L levels between the two diabetic subgroups. %CD62P and %CD63 positivity did not differ between the groups. PMP levels correlated with %CD62P positivity (P=0.026) but not to %CD63 positivity (P=0.089), sCD40L (P=0.407) or sP-sel (P=0.163); sCD40L levels did not correlate with any other marker of platelet activation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Platelets', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'P-Selectin', 'Platelet Aggregation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,108 | Does glasgow Aneurysm Score predict survival after endovascular stenting of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients from the EUROSTAR registry? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) in predicting the survival of 5498 patients who underwent endovascular repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and were enrolled in the EUROpean collaborators on Stent-graft Techniques for abdominal aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR) Registry between October 1996 and March 2005.",
"The GAS was calculated in patients who underwent EVAR and was correlated to outcome measurements.",
"The median GAS was 78.8 (interquartile range 71.9-86.4, mean 79.2). Tertile 30-day mortality rates were 1.1 per cent for patients with a GAS less than 74.4, 2.1 per cent for those with a score between 74.4 and 83.6, and 5.3 per cent for patients with a score over 83.6 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that GAS was an independent predictor of postoperative death (P < 0.001). The receiver-operator characteristic curve showed that the GAS had an area under the curve of 0.70 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.66 to 0.74; s.e. 0.02; P < 0.001) for predicting immediate postoperative death. At its best cut-off value of 86.6, it had a sensitivity of 56.1 per cent, specificity 76.2 per cent and accuracy 75.6 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed that overall survival was significantly different among the tertiles of the GAS (P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal",
"Female",
"Finland",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Prospective Studies",
"Registries",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stents",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The GAS was effective in predicting outcome after EVAR. Because its efficacy has also been shown in patients undergoing open repair of AAA, it can be used to aid decisions about treatment in all patients with an AAA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does glasgow Aneurysm Score predict survival after endovascular stenting of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients from the EUROSTAR registry?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) in predicting the survival of 5498 patients who underwent endovascular repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and were enrolled in the EUROpean collaborators on Stent-graft Techniques for abdominal aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR) Registry between October 1996 and March 2005.', 'The GAS was calculated in patients who underwent EVAR and was correlated to outcome measurements.', 'The median GAS was 78.8 (interquartile range 71.9-86.4, mean 79.2). Tertile 30-day mortality rates were 1.1 per cent for patients with a GAS less than 74.4, 2.1 per cent for those with a score between 74.4 and 83.6, and 5.3 per cent for patients with a score over 83.6 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that GAS was an independent predictor of postoperative death (P < 0.001). The receiver-operator characteristic curve showed that the GAS had an area under the curve of 0.70 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.66 to 0.74; s.e. 0.02; P < 0.001) for predicting immediate postoperative death. At its best cut-off value of 86.6, it had a sensitivity of 56.1 per cent, specificity 76.2 per cent and accuracy 75.6 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed that overall survival was significantly different among the tertiles of the GAS (P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stents', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,400,409 | Does transesophageal echocardiography disclose unexpected cardiac sources of embolus in stroke patients aged more than 45 years? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral embolism from cardiac source is an important cause of stroke, specially in patients younger than 45 years old.",
"To describe the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings in young and non-young stroke patients without any prior evidence of cardiac source for cerebral embolism.",
"Transversal study: 523 patients (267 men and 256 women) with ischemic stroke, without any evidence of cardiac abnormality, underwent to TEE.",
"Ten percent were aged 45 years; or less. Left ventricle hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, spontaneous contrast in aorta, interatrial septum aneurysm, mitral and aortic valve calcification, aortic valve regurgitation, and atherosclerotic plaques in aorta were significantly more frequent in patients aged more than 45 years; 2.8% of non-young patients had thrombus in left heart."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Echocardiography, Transesophageal",
"Female",
"Heart Diseases",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Embolism",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke"
]
} | TEE is widely used to diagnose cardiac source of cerebral embolism in young patients, but it seems to be as useful for older ones, in whom cerebral embolism risk is underestimated; atherogenic and cardioembolic causes may actually coexist, and both should be treated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transesophageal echocardiography disclose unexpected cardiac sources of embolus in stroke patients aged more than 45 years?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cerebral embolism from cardiac source is an important cause of stroke, specially in patients younger than 45 years old.', 'To describe the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings in young and non-young stroke patients without any prior evidence of cardiac source for cerebral embolism.', 'Transversal study: 523 patients (267 men and 256 women) with ischemic stroke, without any evidence of cardiac abnormality, underwent to TEE.', 'Ten percent were aged 45 years; or less. Left ventricle hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, spontaneous contrast in aorta, interatrial septum aneurysm, mitral and aortic valve calcification, aortic valve regurgitation, and atherosclerotic plaques in aorta were significantly more frequent in patients aged more than 45 years; 2.8% of non-young patients had thrombus in left heart.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,678 | Do academic mothers have a pronounced seasonal variation in their offspring sex ratio? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental and socio-demographic factors can influence the variation of the human sex ratio at birth (SRB = the ratio of males to males plus females). In particular, findings of seasonal, parental education, birth order, and maternal age effects on the SRB are not always in agreement, and a number of works report minimal variation.",
"Here, we investigated the seasonality of SRB in academic and non-academic mothers employed at the University of Vienna, and who gave birth between 1963 and 2000 (n = 1932 births).",
"All data were available from an anonymous employee database.",
"Both groups, academic and non-academic mothers do not differ between their overall SRB. In academic mothers the SRB is significantly (P = 0.004) increased during the springtime and decreased during the summertime. Although in non-academic mothers the trend is comparable, it is far less pronounced and not significant (P = 0.345). When a multiple logistic model was applied to the data of academic mothers the only significant influencing factor on the SRB is the season, while birth order of children and mothers' age at childbirth has no effect. None of the three independent variables influence the SRB in non-academic mothers.",
"These findings suggest a more flexible SRB rate in academic mothers than in non-academics within the seasons."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Austria",
"Educational Status",
"Employment",
"Faculty",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mothers",
"Parity",
"Pregnancy",
"Reproduction",
"Seasons",
"Sex Ratio",
"Social Class"
]
} | We conclude that the significant seasonal variation of the SRB in academic women cannot be merely interpreted as an effect of socio-economic status but more likely as the interaction between socio-economic and environmental working conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do academic mothers have a pronounced seasonal variation in their offspring sex ratio?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Environmental and socio-demographic factors can influence the variation of the human sex ratio at birth (SRB = the ratio of males to males plus females). In particular, findings of seasonal, parental education, birth order, and maternal age effects on the SRB are not always in agreement, and a number of works report minimal variation.', 'Here, we investigated the seasonality of SRB in academic and non-academic mothers employed at the University of Vienna, and who gave birth between 1963 and 2000 (n = 1932 births).', 'All data were available from an anonymous employee database.', \"Both groups, academic and non-academic mothers do not differ between their overall SRB. In academic mothers the SRB is significantly (P = 0.004) increased during the springtime and decreased during the summertime. Although in non-academic mothers the trend is comparable, it is far less pronounced and not significant (P = 0.345). When a multiple logistic model was applied to the data of academic mothers the only significant influencing factor on the SRB is the season, while birth order of children and mothers' age at childbirth has no effect. None of the three independent variables influence the SRB in non-academic mothers.\", 'These findings suggest a more flexible SRB rate in academic mothers than in non-academics within the seasons.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Austria', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Faculty', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons', 'Sex Ratio', 'Social Class']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,280 | Does acetaldehyde inhibit the formation of retinoic acid from retinal in the rat esophagus? | {
"contexts": [
"It has already been demonstrated that the rat esophagus produces retinoic acid from retinol. In this study, this process is further characterized and the effect of acetaldehyde examined to elucidate the possible mechanisms behind the epidemiological evidence that the incidence of esophageal cancer is higher in alcoholics.",
"Rat esophageal samples were incubated with all-trans retinal and newly formed all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent acetaldehyde oxidation by the rat esophagus was examined by tracing NAD reduction using a spectrophotometer.",
"Rat esophageal samples produced ATRA from all-trans retinal in a NAD-dependent manner and the potential was significantly attenuated by phenetyl isothiocynate, an ALDH inhibitor, or acetaldehyde depending on the concentration used. Rat esophageal samples also oxidized acetaldehyde of various concentrations NAD dependently. The ATRA formation potential that was temporarily inhibited by acetaldehyde was recovered to the control level by dialysis when the specimen was incubated with up to 50 microM of acetaldehyde."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetaldehyde",
"Animals",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Esophagus",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Male",
"NAD",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Retinaldehyde",
"Spectrophotometry",
"Tretinoin"
]
} | The rat esophagus produces retinoic acid from retinal. An ALDH isoform(s) is responsible for this process and physiological concentration of acetaldehyde hampers the process, probably in a competitive manner. Since the disturbance of retinoic acid supply has been implicated in carcinogenicity, this finding may, at least in part, explain the high incidence of esophageal cancer in alcoholics, especially in those with inactive ALDH 2 whose blood acetaldehyde levels become higher than those with active ALDH 2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acetaldehyde inhibit the formation of retinoic acid from retinal in the rat esophagus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It has already been demonstrated that the rat esophagus produces retinoic acid from retinol. In this study, this process is further characterized and the effect of acetaldehyde examined to elucidate the possible mechanisms behind the epidemiological evidence that the incidence of esophageal cancer is higher in alcoholics.', 'Rat esophageal samples were incubated with all-trans retinal and newly formed all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent acetaldehyde oxidation by the rat esophagus was examined by tracing NAD reduction using a spectrophotometer.', 'Rat esophageal samples produced ATRA from all-trans retinal in a NAD-dependent manner and the potential was significantly attenuated by phenetyl isothiocynate, an ALDH inhibitor, or acetaldehyde depending on the concentration used. Rat esophageal samples also oxidized acetaldehyde of various concentrations NAD dependently. The ATRA formation potential that was temporarily inhibited by acetaldehyde was recovered to the control level by dialysis when the specimen was incubated with up to 50 microM of acetaldehyde.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetaldehyde', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Esophagus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'NAD', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Retinaldehyde', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Tretinoin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,388,876 | Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHE) on chemotherapy-induced anemia, most cost-effectiveness studies have given unfavorable results.",
"To determine the cost of managing anemia in unselected patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of RHE.",
"We constructed Markov models of two cohorts of patients who received (n=94) or did not receive (n=89) darbepoetin (one weekly injection when the hemoglobin level fell below 11 g/dl), focusing on changes in hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, anemia management costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two management strategies.",
"The use of RHE significantly reduced the proportion of patients needing transfusions (from 33.6% to 19.1%, p<0.05) and the number of red cell units used by transfusion (from 2.97+/-1.47 to 2.11+/-0.47, p<0.01). Markov modeling showed that the RHE strategy significantly increased the mean Hb level (13+/-0.5 g/dl versus 11.9+/-1g/dl, p<0.001), at the price of an increase in the main cost (respectively, US$ 1732+/-897 and 996+/-643; p<0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio favored the RHE strategy (7.02 versus 9.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the RHE strategy remained dominant in most situations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anemia",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Blood Transfusion",
"Costs and Cost Analysis",
"Darbepoetin alfa",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Erythropoietin",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Markov Chains",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Routine use of RHE appears to be cost-effective in patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHE) on chemotherapy-induced anemia, most cost-effectiveness studies have given unfavorable results.', 'To determine the cost of managing anemia in unselected patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of RHE.', 'We constructed Markov models of two cohorts of patients who received (n=94) or did not receive (n=89) darbepoetin (one weekly injection when the hemoglobin level fell below 11 g/dl), focusing on changes in hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, anemia management costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two management strategies.', 'The use of RHE significantly reduced the proportion of patients needing transfusions (from 33.6% to 19.1%, p<0.05) and the number of red cell units used by transfusion (from 2.97+/-1.47 to 2.11+/-0.47, p<0.01). Markov modeling showed that the RHE strategy significantly increased the mean Hb level (13+/-0.5 g/dl versus 11.9+/-1g/dl, p<0.001), at the price of an increase in the main cost (respectively, US$ 1732+/-897 and 996+/-643; p<0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio favored the RHE strategy (7.02 versus 9.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the RHE strategy remained dominant in most situations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Darbepoetin alfa', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Erythropoietin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Markov Chains', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,009 | Does passive resistance increase differentially in various jaw displacement directions? | {
"contexts": [
"In the present study, the passive resistance of the human jaw system was quantified in relation to the three-dimensional jaw displacement and the Posselt-envelope, using both in vivo measurements and computer simulation.",
"In eight subjects, the jaw was passively displaced with a step-wise increasing force in three orthogonal directions. Muscle relaxation was monitored using electromyography (EMG) with visual feedback. A biomechanical model of an average human system was used to examine the contributions of the jaw muscles.",
"The largest excursion was found for the vertical direction. Protrusive and lateral directions were more restricted. In protrusive and lateral directions, the jaw could generally move beyond the Posselt-envelope. The stiffness of the jaw increased with proceeding jaw displacement in all directions. The stiffness was larger in the protrusive direction than in the vertical and lateral directions. The model's predictions of stiffness were comparable to the in vivo measurements. However, in protrusive direction, the maximum jaw displacement was larger than in vivo. The estimated passive muscle forces showed that vertical displacement was mainly restricted by the complete group of closing muscles, while protrusive and lateral jaw displacement was restricted by selective individual muscles."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Computer Simulation",
"Dental Occlusion",
"Electromyography",
"Feedback",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Imaging, Three-Dimensional",
"Jaw Relation Record",
"Male",
"Mandible",
"Masseter Muscle",
"Masticatory Muscles",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Biological",
"Movement",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle Relaxation",
"Neck Muscles",
"Temporal Muscle",
"Vertical Dimension"
]
} | The human jaw system has larger motion range in the protrusive and lateral directions than can be exploited by active muscle use. Stiffness of jaw displacement is higher in the protrusive direction compared to the vertical and lateral directions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does passive resistance increase differentially in various jaw displacement directions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In the present study, the passive resistance of the human jaw system was quantified in relation to the three-dimensional jaw displacement and the Posselt-envelope, using both in vivo measurements and computer simulation.', 'In eight subjects, the jaw was passively displaced with a step-wise increasing force in three orthogonal directions. Muscle relaxation was monitored using electromyography (EMG) with visual feedback. A biomechanical model of an average human system was used to examine the contributions of the jaw muscles.', \"The largest excursion was found for the vertical direction. Protrusive and lateral directions were more restricted. In protrusive and lateral directions, the jaw could generally move beyond the Posselt-envelope. The stiffness of the jaw increased with proceeding jaw displacement in all directions. The stiffness was larger in the protrusive direction than in the vertical and lateral directions. The model's predictions of stiffness were comparable to the in vivo measurements. However, in protrusive direction, the maximum jaw displacement was larger than in vivo. The estimated passive muscle forces showed that vertical displacement was mainly restricted by the complete group of closing muscles, while protrusive and lateral jaw displacement was restricted by selective individual muscles.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dental Occlusion', 'Electromyography', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Jaw Relation Record', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Masseter Muscle', 'Masticatory Muscles', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Neck Muscles', 'Temporal Muscle', 'Vertical Dimension']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,223 | Is empiric acyclovir infrequently initiated in the emergency department to patients ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluate the frequency of empiric acyclovir administration to patients in the emergency department (ED) who are ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis.",
"We conducted an explicit retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients discharged with a final diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis or viral encephalitis not otherwise specified for the period 1993 to 2003. The frequency of ED administration of empiric acyclovir was measured for patients who met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED.",
"Of the 90 patients reviewed, 24 (27%) met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED. Of these 24 patients, 7 (29%) received empiric acyclovir in the ED, 6 (86%) patients after cerebrospinal fluid results were available, with a median time to administration of 1.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 3.1 hours). The remaining 17 (71%) patients did not receive acyclovir in the ED, with median times of 16 hours (95% CI 7.5 to 44 hours) before initiation of acyclovir in inpatient settings."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acyclovir",
"Adult",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Drug Utilization",
"Emergency Medicine",
"Emergency Service, Hospital",
"Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex",
"Encephalitis, Viral",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Los Angeles",
"Male",
"Medical Audit",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | The majority of patients in our institution who were ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis did not receive empiric acyclovir in the ED, despite clinical presentations consistent with encephalitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is empiric acyclovir infrequently initiated in the emergency department to patients ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We evaluate the frequency of empiric acyclovir administration to patients in the emergency department (ED) who are ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis.', \"We conducted an explicit retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients discharged with a final diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis or viral encephalitis not otherwise specified for the period 1993 to 2003. The frequency of ED administration of empiric acyclovir was measured for patients who met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED.\", \"Of the 90 patients reviewed, 24 (27%) met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED. Of these 24 patients, 7 (29%) received empiric acyclovir in the ED, 6 (86%) patients after cerebrospinal fluid results were available, with a median time to administration of 1.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 3.1 hours). The remaining 17 (71%) patients did not receive acyclovir in the ED, with median times of 16 hours (95% CI 7.5 to 44 hours) before initiation of acyclovir in inpatient settings.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acyclovir', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Utilization', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex', 'Encephalitis, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Los Angeles', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,806 | Is oxidant release dramatically increased by elevated glucose concentrations in neutrophils from pregnant women? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the mechanism of oxidative stress at glucose levels accompanying diabetic pregnancy. Specifically, we hypothesize that elevated glucose overwhelms hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) down-regulation observed during pregnancy.",
"Peripheral blood cells from normal healthy pregnant women were exposed to heightened glucose levels to provide an in vitro model of the effects of diabetic pregnancy. Changes in NAD(P)H, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated in single cells.",
"Altered metabolic dynamics, as judged by NAD(P)H autofluorescence of neutrophils from both pregnant and non-pregnant women, were observed during incubation with 14 mM glucose, a pathophysiologic level. In parallel, increased production of ROS and NO was observed. The ROS and NO levels attained in cells from pregnant women were greater than those observed in cells from non-pregnant women. Inhibitors of the HMS and NAD(P)H oxidase blocked these effects. These metabolic and oxidant changes required approximately one minute, suggesting that transient glucose spikes during pregnancy could trigger this response."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Glucose",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Female",
"Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase",
"Humans",
"NADP",
"Neutrophils",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Pentose Phosphate Pathway",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy in Diabetics",
"Reactive Oxygen Species"
]
} | Elevated glucose levels enhance HMS activity and oxidant production in cells from pregnant women. This mechanism may be generally applicable in understanding the role of diabetes in materno-fetal health. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is oxidant release dramatically increased by elevated glucose concentrations in neutrophils from pregnant women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the mechanism of oxidative stress at glucose levels accompanying diabetic pregnancy. Specifically, we hypothesize that elevated glucose overwhelms hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) down-regulation observed during pregnancy.', 'Peripheral blood cells from normal healthy pregnant women were exposed to heightened glucose levels to provide an in vitro model of the effects of diabetic pregnancy. Changes in NAD(P)H, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated in single cells.', 'Altered metabolic dynamics, as judged by NAD(P)H autofluorescence of neutrophils from both pregnant and non-pregnant women, were observed during incubation with 14 mM glucose, a pathophysiologic level. In parallel, increased production of ROS and NO was observed. The ROS and NO levels attained in cells from pregnant women were greater than those observed in cells from non-pregnant women. Inhibitors of the HMS and NAD(P)H oxidase blocked these effects. These metabolic and oxidant changes required approximately one minute, suggesting that transient glucose spikes during pregnancy could trigger this response.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Glucose', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Humans', 'NADP', 'Neutrophils', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Pentose Phosphate Pathway', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,544 | Does riboflavin lower homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C- > T polymorphism? | {
"contexts": [
"Meta-analyses predict that a 25% lowering of plasma homocysteine would reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 11% to 16% and stroke by 19% to 24%. Individuals homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism have reduced MTHFR enzyme activity resulting from the inappropriate loss of the riboflavin cofactor, but it is unknown whether their typically high homocysteine levels are responsive to improved riboflavin status.",
"From a register of 680 healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age of known MTHFR 677C-->T genotype, we identified 35 with the homozygous (TT) genotype and age-matched individuals with heterozygous (CT, n=26) or wild-type (CC, n=28) genotypes to participate in an intervention in which participants were randomized by genotype group to receive 1.6 mg/d riboflavin or placebo for a 12-week period. Supplementation increased riboflavin status to the same extent in all genotype groups (8% to 12% response in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; P<0.01 in each case). However, homocysteine responded only in the TT group, with levels decreasing by as much as 22% overall (from 16.1+/-1.5 to 12.5+/-0.8 micromol/L; P=0.003; n=32) and markedly so (by 40%) in those with lower riboflavin status at baseline (from 22.0+/-2.9 and 13.2+/-1.0 micromol/L; P=0.010; n=16). No homocysteine response was observed in the CC or CT groups despite being preselected for suboptimal riboflavin status."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Coronary Disease",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Drug Evaluation",
"Europe",
"Homocysteine",
"Homozygote",
"Humans",
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)",
"Middle Aged",
"North America",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Riboflavin"
]
} | Although previously overlooked, homocysteine is highly responsive to riboflavin, specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Our findings might explain why this common polymorphism carries an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Europe but not in North America, where riboflavin fortification has existed for >50 years. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does riboflavin lower homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C- > T polymorphism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Meta-analyses predict that a 25% lowering of plasma homocysteine would reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 11% to 16% and stroke by 19% to 24%. Individuals homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism have reduced MTHFR enzyme activity resulting from the inappropriate loss of the riboflavin cofactor, but it is unknown whether their typically high homocysteine levels are responsive to improved riboflavin status.', 'From a register of 680 healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age of known MTHFR 677C-->T genotype, we identified 35 with the homozygous (TT) genotype and age-matched individuals with heterozygous (CT, n=26) or wild-type (CC, n=28) genotypes to participate in an intervention in which participants were randomized by genotype group to receive 1.6 mg/d riboflavin or placebo for a 12-week period. Supplementation increased riboflavin status to the same extent in all genotype groups (8% to 12% response in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; P<0.01 in each case). However, homocysteine responded only in the TT group, with levels decreasing by as much as 22% overall (from 16.1+/-1.5 to 12.5+/-0.8 micromol/L; P=0.003; n=32) and markedly so (by 40%) in those with lower riboflavin status at baseline (from 22.0+/-2.9 and 13.2+/-1.0 micromol/L; P=0.010; n=16). No homocysteine response was observed in the CC or CT groups despite being preselected for suboptimal riboflavin status.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Europe', 'Homocysteine', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Middle Aged', 'North America', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Riboflavin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,543 | Does cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency in bone marrow cells increase early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E- and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and is expressed by the major cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. COX-1-mediated platelet thromboxane (TX) production has been proposed to promote both early atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Here, we examined the impact of COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells on early atherogenesis in the mouse.",
"LDL receptor (LDLR)(-/-) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) recipient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with COX-1(-/-) bone marrow. Mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had nearly complete (99.7%) loss of platelet TXA2 and significantly suppressed levels of macrophage and urinary TXA2 metabolites. Serum lipid levels and lipoprotein distributions did not differ between recipients reconstituted with COX-1(+/+) and COX-1(-/-) marrow. Surprisingly, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in both LDLR(-/-) and apoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow was increased significantly compared with control mice transplanted with COX-1(+/+) marrow. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLR(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had increased lipopolysaccharide-induced levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Fetal liver cell transplantation studies revealed a 30% increase in atherosclerosis in COX-1(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice compared with COX-1(+/+)-->LDLR(-/-)mice, whereas the extent of atherosclerosis was unchanged in COX-1(-/-)/COX-2(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Cyclooxygenase 1",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Receptors, LDL",
"Thromboxane A2",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells worsens early atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) and LDLR(-/-) mice despite virtual elimination of platelet TX production. These data demonstrate that platelet TX production does not aggravate early atherosclerotic lesion formation and that upregulation of COX-2 expression in COX-1(-/-) macrophages is proatherogenic. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency in bone marrow cells increase early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E- and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and is expressed by the major cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. COX-1-mediated platelet thromboxane (TX) production has been proposed to promote both early atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Here, we examined the impact of COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells on early atherogenesis in the mouse.', 'LDL receptor (LDLR)(-/-) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) recipient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with COX-1(-/-) bone marrow. Mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had nearly complete (99.7%) loss of platelet TXA2 and significantly suppressed levels of macrophage and urinary TXA2 metabolites. Serum lipid levels and lipoprotein distributions did not differ between recipients reconstituted with COX-1(+/+) and COX-1(-/-) marrow. Surprisingly, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in both LDLR(-/-) and apoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow was increased significantly compared with control mice transplanted with COX-1(+/+) marrow. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLR(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had increased lipopolysaccharide-induced levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Fetal liver cell transplantation studies revealed a 30% increase in atherosclerosis in COX-1(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice compared with COX-1(+/+)-->LDLR(-/-)mice, whereas the extent of atherosclerosis was unchanged in COX-1(-/-)/COX-2(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Receptors, LDL', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,549 | Does inhibition of histone deacetylation block cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II infusion and aortic banding? | {
"contexts": [
"A number of distinct stress signaling pathways in myocardium cause cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) antagonize several stress-induced pathways and hypertrophy. However, cardiac hypertrophy induced by transgenic overexpression of the homeodomain only protein, HOP, can be prevented by the nonspecific HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and valproic acid, suggesting that alternate targets that oppose class II HDAC function might exist in myocardium. We tested the effects of several HDAC inhibitors, including a class I HDAC-selective inhibitor, SK-7041, on cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment or aortic banding (AB).",
"Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by chronic infusion of Ang II or by AB in mice or rats and evaluated by determining the ratio of heart weight to body weight or to tibia length, cross-sectional area, or echocardiogram. Cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II or AB for 2 weeks was significantly reduced by simultaneous administration of trichostatin A, valproic acid, or SK-7041. Echocardiogram revealed that exaggerated left ventricular systolic dimensions were relieved by HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors partially reversed preestablished cardiac hypertrophy and improved survival of AB mice. The expressions of atrial natriuretic factor, alpha-tubulin, beta-myosin heavy chain, and interstitial fibrosis were reduced by HDAC inhibition."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin II",
"Animals",
"Aortic Valve Stenosis",
"Biomarkers",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred Strains",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These results suggest that the predominant effect of HDAC inhibition, mainly mediated by class I HDACs, is to prevent cardiac hypertrophy in response to a broad range of agonist and stretch stimuli. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inhibition of histone deacetylation block cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II infusion and aortic banding?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A number of distinct stress signaling pathways in myocardium cause cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) antagonize several stress-induced pathways and hypertrophy. However, cardiac hypertrophy induced by transgenic overexpression of the homeodomain only protein, HOP, can be prevented by the nonspecific HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and valproic acid, suggesting that alternate targets that oppose class II HDAC function might exist in myocardium. We tested the effects of several HDAC inhibitors, including a class I HDAC-selective inhibitor, SK-7041, on cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment or aortic banding (AB).', 'Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by chronic infusion of Ang II or by AB in mice or rats and evaluated by determining the ratio of heart weight to body weight or to tibia length, cross-sectional area, or echocardiogram. Cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II or AB for 2 weeks was significantly reduced by simultaneous administration of trichostatin A, valproic acid, or SK-7041. Echocardiogram revealed that exaggerated left ventricular systolic dimensions were relieved by HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors partially reversed preestablished cardiac hypertrophy and improved survival of AB mice. The expressions of atrial natriuretic factor, alpha-tubulin, beta-myosin heavy chain, and interstitial fibrosis were reduced by HDAC inhibition.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,548 | Does cardiac-specific overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase zeta prevent Gq protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Diacylglycerol is a lipid second messenger that accumulates in cardiomyocytes when stimulated by Gqalpha protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine, and others. Diacylglycerol functions as a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is catalyzed by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) to form phosphatidic acid and inactivated. However, the functional roles of DGK have not been previously examined in the heart. We hypothesized that DGK might prevent GPCR agonist-induced activation of diacylglycerol downstream signaling cascades and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy.",
"To test this hypothesis, we generated transgenic (DGKzeta-TG) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of DGKzeta. There were no differences in heart size and heart weight between DGKzeta-TG and wild-type littermate mice. The left ventricular function was normal in DGKzeta-TG mice. Continuous administration of subpressor doses of angiotensin II and phenylephrine caused PKC translocation, gene induction of atrial natriuretic factor, and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy in WT mice. However, in DGKzeta-TG mice, neither translocation of PKC nor upregulation of atrial natriuretic factor gene expression was observed after angiotensin II and phenylephrine infusion. Furthermore, in DGKzeta-TG mice, angiotensin II and phenylephrine failed to increase cross-sectional cardiomyocyte areas and heart to body weight ratios. Phenylephrine-induced increases in myocardial diacylglycerol levels were completely blocked in DGKzeta-TG mouse hearts, suggesting that DGKzeta regulated PKC activity by controlling cellular diacylglycerol levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin II",
"Animals",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Diacylglycerol Kinase",
"Diglycerides",
"GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11",
"Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Myocardium",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Phenylephrine",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Protein Kinase C",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Signal Transduction",
"Ventricular Myosins"
]
} | These results demonstrated the first evidence that DGKzeta negatively regulated the hypertrophic signaling cascade and resultant cardiac hypertrophy in response to GPCR agonists without detectable adverse effects in in vivo hearts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cardiac-specific overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase zeta prevent Gq protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diacylglycerol is a lipid second messenger that accumulates in cardiomyocytes when stimulated by Gqalpha protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine, and others. Diacylglycerol functions as a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is catalyzed by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) to form phosphatidic acid and inactivated. However, the functional roles of DGK have not been previously examined in the heart. We hypothesized that DGK might prevent GPCR agonist-induced activation of diacylglycerol downstream signaling cascades and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy.', 'To test this hypothesis, we generated transgenic (DGKzeta-TG) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of DGKzeta. There were no differences in heart size and heart weight between DGKzeta-TG and wild-type littermate mice. The left ventricular function was normal in DGKzeta-TG mice. Continuous administration of subpressor doses of angiotensin II and phenylephrine caused PKC translocation, gene induction of atrial natriuretic factor, and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy in WT mice. However, in DGKzeta-TG mice, neither translocation of PKC nor upregulation of atrial natriuretic factor gene expression was observed after angiotensin II and phenylephrine infusion. Furthermore, in DGKzeta-TG mice, angiotensin II and phenylephrine failed to increase cross-sectional cardiomyocyte areas and heart to body weight ratios. Phenylephrine-induced increases in myocardial diacylglycerol levels were completely blocked in DGKzeta-TG mouse hearts, suggesting that DGKzeta regulated PKC activity by controlling cellular diacylglycerol levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Diacylglycerol Kinase', 'Diglycerides', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11', 'Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Phenylephrine', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Kinase C', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Ventricular Myosins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,756 | Is plasma triglyceride level an independent predictor of altered left ventricular relaxation? | {
"contexts": [
"Diastolic dysfunction, manifested by impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation, is prevalent among individuals with metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are related to LV diastolic function.",
"A total of 424 subjects (age 49 +/- 12 years) had fasting plasma TG levels measured and underwent echocardiography for assessment of LV structure and function: LV ejection fraction and LV mass indexed to height (LVM/Ht(2.7)); transmitral inflow early diastolic peak velocity (E wave) and late diastolic peak velocity (A wave), and E wave to A wave ratio (E/A); deceleration time; and Doppler tissue imaging early diastolic myocardial velocity (EM), an index of LV relaxation.",
"All subjects had normal LV ejection fraction, 48% had hypertension, 16% had increased LVM/Ht(2.7), 11% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 37% were obese, and 27% had hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 150 mg/dL). Univariate analysis showed significant relationships between TG level and E/A, deceleration time, and Em (P < or = .001 for all). After adjustment for potential confounders in multivariate models (eg, age, systolic blood pressure, and LVM/Ht(2.7)), TG levels remained predictive of E/A, deceleration time, and Em (P < or = .05, <.001, and < or =.0001, respectively). Stepwise multivariate analysis showed that after age and body mass index, the TG level was the next most predictive variable of Em."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Missouri",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Stroke Volume",
"Triglycerides",
"Ultrasonography",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Plasma TG levels show a strong relationship with impaired LV relaxation, an early marker of diastolic dysfunction in human beings. These findings support a hypothesis whereby elevated TG levels favor myocyte intracellular lipid accumulation, possibly leading to lipotoxic diastolic dysfunction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is plasma triglyceride level an independent predictor of altered left ventricular relaxation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diastolic dysfunction, manifested by impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation, is prevalent among individuals with metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are related to LV diastolic function.', 'A total of 424 subjects (age 49 +/- 12 years) had fasting plasma TG levels measured and underwent echocardiography for assessment of LV structure and function: LV ejection fraction and LV mass indexed to height (LVM/Ht(2.7)); transmitral inflow early diastolic peak velocity (E wave) and late diastolic peak velocity (A wave), and E wave to A wave ratio (E/A); deceleration time; and Doppler tissue imaging early diastolic myocardial velocity (EM), an index of LV relaxation.', 'All subjects had normal LV ejection fraction, 48% had hypertension, 16% had increased LVM/Ht(2.7), 11% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 37% were obese, and 27% had hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 150 mg/dL). Univariate analysis showed significant relationships between TG level and E/A, deceleration time, and Em (P < or = .001 for all). After adjustment for potential confounders in multivariate models (eg, age, systolic blood pressure, and LVM/Ht(2.7)), TG levels remained predictive of E/A, deceleration time, and Em (P < or = .05, <.001, and < or =.0001, respectively). Stepwise multivariate analysis showed that after age and body mass index, the TG level was the next most predictive variable of Em.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Missouri', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Stroke Volume', 'Triglycerides', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,399 | Does the incorporation of prior genomic information necessarily improve the performance of Bayesian linkage methods : an example involving sex-specific recombination and the two-point PPL? | {
"contexts": [
"We continue statistical development of the posterior probability of linkage (PPL). We present a two-point PPL allowing for unequal male and female recombination fractions, thetaM and thetaF, and consider alternative priors on thetaM, thetaF.",
"We compare the sex-averaged PPL (PPLSA), assuming thetaM = thetaF, to the sex-specific PPL (PPLSS) in (thetaM, thetaF), in a series of simulations; we also compute the PPLSS using alternative priors on (thetaM, thetaF).",
"The PPLSS based on a prior that ignores prior genomic information on sex specific recombination rates performs essentially identically to the PPLSA, even in the presence of large thetaM, thetaF differences. Moreover, adaptively skewing the prior, to incorporate (correct) genomic information on thetaM, thetaF differences, actually worsens performance of the PPLSS. We demonstrate that this has little to do with the PPLSS per se, but is rather due to extremely high levels of variability in the location of the maximum likelihood estimates of (thetaM, thetaF) in realistic data sets."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bayes Theorem",
"Female",
"Genetic Linkage",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Genetic",
"Recombination, Genetic",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | Incorporating (correct) prior genomic information is not always helpful. We recommend that the PPLSA be used as the standard form of the PPL regardless of the sex-specific recombination rates in the region of the marker in question. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the incorporation of prior genomic information necessarily improve the performance of Bayesian linkage methods : an example involving sex-specific recombination and the two-point PPL?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We continue statistical development of the posterior probability of linkage (PPL). We present a two-point PPL allowing for unequal male and female recombination fractions, thetaM and thetaF, and consider alternative priors on thetaM, thetaF.', 'We compare the sex-averaged PPL (PPLSA), assuming thetaM = thetaF, to the sex-specific PPL (PPLSS) in (thetaM, thetaF), in a series of simulations; we also compute the PPLSS using alternative priors on (thetaM, thetaF).', 'The PPLSS based on a prior that ignores prior genomic information on sex specific recombination rates performs essentially identically to the PPLSA, even in the presence of large thetaM, thetaF differences. Moreover, adaptively skewing the prior, to incorporate (correct) genomic information on thetaM, thetaF differences, actually worsens performance of the PPLSS. We demonstrate that this has little to do with the PPLSS per se, but is rather due to extremely high levels of variability in the location of the maximum likelihood estimates of (thetaM, thetaF) in realistic data sets.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bayes Theorem', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,397,396 | Are cARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms 8 , 12 and 13 increased in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations of the caspase-activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene on chromosome 16 are associated with chronic inflammatory granulomatous bowel disease (Crohn's disease). Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, which shares histological features with Crohn's disease.",
"To evaluate whether ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis have an increased frequency of CARD15 mutations compared to healthy control subjects.",
"Genotyping for CARD15 mutations R702W, G908R, and L1007fsinsC, also designated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP8, SNP12 and SNP13, respectively, were performed by capillary electrophoresis single-strand confirmation polymorphism in 53 patients with histologically verified sarcoidosis and in 103 healthy controls.",
"The frequencies of CARD15 mutations in sarcoidosis patients were: SNP8, 4/106 chromosomes (3.8%); SNP12, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP13, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 8/106 chromosomes (7.6%). All 8 patients were heterozygous. The frequencies in controls were: SNP8, 9/206 chromosomes (4.4%); SNP12, 2/206 chromosomes (1.0%); SNP13, 4/206 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 15/206 chromosomes (7.3%). All controls were heterozygous. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, the course of disease was not significantly different in the 8 patients with CARD15 mutations and the 45 patients without mutations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Crohn Disease",
"DNA",
"Denmark",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Sarcoidosis"
]
} | The frequency of CARD15 mutations is not increased in ethnic Danish patients with sarcoidosis, and heterozygosity for such mutations apparently has no influence on the course of disease. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms 8 , 12 and 13 increased in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Mutations of the caspase-activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene on chromosome 16 are associated with chronic inflammatory granulomatous bowel disease (Crohn's disease). Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, which shares histological features with Crohn's disease.\", 'To evaluate whether ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis have an increased frequency of CARD15 mutations compared to healthy control subjects.', 'Genotyping for CARD15 mutations R702W, G908R, and L1007fsinsC, also designated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP8, SNP12 and SNP13, respectively, were performed by capillary electrophoresis single-strand confirmation polymorphism in 53 patients with histologically verified sarcoidosis and in 103 healthy controls.', 'The frequencies of CARD15 mutations in sarcoidosis patients were: SNP8, 4/106 chromosomes (3.8%); SNP12, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP13, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 8/106 chromosomes (7.6%). All 8 patients were heterozygous. The frequencies in controls were: SNP8, 9/206 chromosomes (4.4%); SNP12, 2/206 chromosomes (1.0%); SNP13, 4/206 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 15/206 chromosomes (7.3%). All controls were heterozygous. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, the course of disease was not significantly different in the 8 patients with CARD15 mutations and the 45 patients without mutations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Crohn Disease', 'DNA', 'Denmark', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sarcoidosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,389,627 | Does electroporation-mediated interleukin-10 overexpression in skeletal muscle reduce acute rejection in rat cardiac allografts? | {
"contexts": [
"Human interleukin 10 (hIL-10) may reduce acute rejection after organ transplantation. Our previous data shows that electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA to peripheral muscle enhances gene transduction dramatically. This study was designed to investigate the effect of electroporation-mediated overexpression of hIL-10 on acute rejection of cardiac allografts in the rat.",
"The study was designed to evaluate the effect of hIL-10 gene transfer on (a) early rejection pattern and (b) graft survival. Gene transfer was achieved by intramuscular (i.m.) injection into the tibialis anterior muscle of Fischer (F344) male recipients followed by electroporation 24 h prior to transplantation. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed from male Brown Norway rat to F344. Four groups were studied (n = 6). Treated animals in groups B1 and B2 received 2.5 microg of pCIK hIL-10 and control animals in groups A1 and A2 distilled water. Graft function was assessed by daily palpation. Animals from group A1 were sacrificed at the cessation of the heart beat of the graft and those in group B1 were sacrificed at day 7; blood was taken for ELISA measurement of hIL-10 and tissue for myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement and histological assessment. To evaluate graft survival, groups A2 and B2 were sacrificed at cessation of the heart beat of the graft.",
"Histological examination revealed severe rejection (IIIB-IV) in group A1 in contrast to low to moderate rejection (IA-IIIA) in group B1 (p = 0.02). MPO activity was significantly lower in group B1 compared to group A1 (18 +/- 7 vs. 32 +/- 14 mU/mg protein, p = 0.05). Serum hIL-10 levels were 46 +/- 13 pg/ml in group B1 vs. 0 pg/ml in group A1. At day 7 all heart allografts in the treated groups B1 and B2 were beating, whereas they stopped beating at 5 +/- 2 days in groups A1 and A2 vs. 14 +/- 2 days in group B2 (p = 0.0012)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Electroporation",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Graft Rejection",
"Graft Survival",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-10",
"Male",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred BN",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Time Factors",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | Electroporation-mediated intramuscular overexpression of hIL-10 reduces acute rejection and improves survival of heterotopic heart allografts in rats. This study demonstrates that peripheral overexpression of specific genes in skeletal muscle may reduce acute rejection after whole organ transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does electroporation-mediated interleukin-10 overexpression in skeletal muscle reduce acute rejection in rat cardiac allografts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Human interleukin 10 (hIL-10) may reduce acute rejection after organ transplantation. Our previous data shows that electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA to peripheral muscle enhances gene transduction dramatically. This study was designed to investigate the effect of electroporation-mediated overexpression of hIL-10 on acute rejection of cardiac allografts in the rat.', 'The study was designed to evaluate the effect of hIL-10 gene transfer on (a) early rejection pattern and (b) graft survival. Gene transfer was achieved by intramuscular (i.m.) injection into the tibialis anterior muscle of Fischer (F344) male recipients followed by electroporation 24 h prior to transplantation. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed from male Brown Norway rat to F344. Four groups were studied (n = 6). Treated animals in groups B1 and B2 received 2.5 microg of pCIK hIL-10 and control animals in groups A1 and A2 distilled water. Graft function was assessed by daily palpation. Animals from group A1 were sacrificed at the cessation of the heart beat of the graft and those in group B1 were sacrificed at day 7; blood was taken for ELISA measurement of hIL-10 and tissue for myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement and histological assessment. To evaluate graft survival, groups A2 and B2 were sacrificed at cessation of the heart beat of the graft.', 'Histological examination revealed severe rejection (IIIB-IV) in group A1 in contrast to low to moderate rejection (IA-IIIA) in group B1 (p = 0.02). MPO activity was significantly lower in group B1 compared to group A1 (18 +/- 7 vs. 32 +/- 14 mU/mg protein, p = 0.05). Serum hIL-10 levels were 46 +/- 13 pg/ml in group B1 vs. 0 pg/ml in group A1. At day 7 all heart allografts in the treated groups B1 and B2 were beating, whereas they stopped beating at 5 +/- 2 days in groups A1 and A2 vs. 14 +/- 2 days in group B2 (p = 0.0012).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Electroporation', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-10', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,272 | Is removal of the OptEase retrievable vena cava filter feasible after extended time periods because of filter protrusion through the vena cava? | {
"contexts": [
"Therapeutic and prophylactic vena cava filters (VCFs) are used to prevent pulmonary embolism. Concerns exist over placing a permanent filter in a young trauma patient. Recently, retrievable VCFs have become available. One such filter is the OptEase, which has a recommended time of removal of up to 23 days after insertion. Data supporting this recommendation are sparse. Many trauma patients will need filters for more than 2 weeks, and there are no data evaluating the safety of removal after extended time periods. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and reaction of the vena cava when removing the OptEase retrievable VCF at different time intervals.",
"Twenty Yorkshire cross pigs (80-113 kg) underwent general anesthesia with tiletamine and zolazepam. Filters were placed in the infrarenal vena cava (VC) through the femoral vein under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were then divided into four groups. In group 1, filters were removed at 14 days; in group 2, at 30 days; in group 3, at 60 days; and in group 4, at 90 days. Removal was attempted using a snare-and-sheath technique through the femoral vein. Animals with successful filter removal were allowed to recover; then, the animals underwent autopsy (gross and microscopic VC examination) 2 months later. Animals with unsuccessful filter removal underwent autopsy immediately after attempted removal. Venacavograms were taken at filter insertion, at removal, and before autopsy to evaluate any VC abnormalities.",
"Successful removal of the filter in all five pigs (100%) was reliably performed only in the 14-day group. In this group, the initial VC transverse diameter was 19.4 +/- 0.8 mm and was significantly reduced to 9.8 +/- 1.1 mm (p < 0.05) immediately after removal. Sixty days later, before autopsy, VC diameter had increased to 15.3 +/- 1.9 mm, which was significantly larger than at removal (p < 0.05) but not different from the initial value. In the 30-day group, removal was successful in only one of five animals. Although removal was successful in the one pig, autopsy at 2 months postremoval revealed total occlusion of the VC. Filters could not be removed from 60- and 90-day groups. At autopsy, the VCF struts were embedded or protruded through the VC wall. Microscopic examination of the VC revealed significant scarring underneath and between the struts."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Equipment Failure",
"Pulmonary Embolism",
"Swine",
"Time Factors",
"Vena Cava Filters",
"Vena Cava, Inferior",
"Venous Thrombosis"
]
} | Removal of the retrievable OptEase VCF may be successfully performed up to 14 days after insertion. Strut protrusion through the VC wall prohibited successful and safe removal at extended time intervals. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is removal of the OptEase retrievable vena cava filter feasible after extended time periods because of filter protrusion through the vena cava?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Therapeutic and prophylactic vena cava filters (VCFs) are used to prevent pulmonary embolism. Concerns exist over placing a permanent filter in a young trauma patient. Recently, retrievable VCFs have become available. One such filter is the OptEase, which has a recommended time of removal of up to 23 days after insertion. Data supporting this recommendation are sparse. Many trauma patients will need filters for more than 2 weeks, and there are no data evaluating the safety of removal after extended time periods. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and reaction of the vena cava when removing the OptEase retrievable VCF at different time intervals.', 'Twenty Yorkshire cross pigs (80-113 kg) underwent general anesthesia with tiletamine and zolazepam. Filters were placed in the infrarenal vena cava (VC) through the femoral vein under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were then divided into four groups. In group 1, filters were removed at 14 days; in group 2, at 30 days; in group 3, at 60 days; and in group 4, at 90 days. Removal was attempted using a snare-and-sheath technique through the femoral vein. Animals with successful filter removal were allowed to recover; then, the animals underwent autopsy (gross and microscopic VC examination) 2 months later. Animals with unsuccessful filter removal underwent autopsy immediately after attempted removal. Venacavograms were taken at filter insertion, at removal, and before autopsy to evaluate any VC abnormalities.', 'Successful removal of the filter in all five pigs (100%) was reliably performed only in the 14-day group. In this group, the initial VC transverse diameter was 19.4 +/- 0.8 mm and was significantly reduced to 9.8 +/- 1.1 mm (p < 0.05) immediately after removal. Sixty days later, before autopsy, VC diameter had increased to 15.3 +/- 1.9 mm, which was significantly larger than at removal (p < 0.05) but not different from the initial value. In the 30-day group, removal was successful in only one of five animals. Although removal was successful in the one pig, autopsy at 2 months postremoval revealed total occlusion of the VC. Filters could not be removed from 60- and 90-day groups. At autopsy, the VCF struts were embedded or protruded through the VC wall. Microscopic examination of the VC revealed significant scarring underneath and between the struts.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Equipment Failure', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Vena Cava Filters', 'Vena Cava, Inferior', 'Venous Thrombosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,378,057 | Do endothelial functions improve with decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) levels after renal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The relationships between the markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were investigated both before and after living donor kidney transplantation.",
"Twenty-seven renal transplant patients were studied. Eleven patients (six male, five female) were on cyclosporine A, whereas 16 patients (nine male, seven female) were treated with tacrolimus based regimes. Twenty-seven subjects (12 males, 15 females) were studied as controls. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), Asymetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels were studied before transplantation and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was studied before transplantation and on the 28th day.",
"Serum hsCRP and ADMA levels decreased significantly from the first posttransplantation day on each measurement (P<0.001 for all) while the decrement of plasma adiponectin started in the third day (P<0.001 for all). The FMD was lower in the patients than the control group (P<0.001) and improved significantly in the 28th day of transplantation (P<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Arginine",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cyclosporine",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Lipids",
"Living Donors",
"Male",
"Prospective Studies",
"Tacrolimus",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The results indicate that ADMA is associated with FMD in CKD both before and after kidney transplantation. Endothelial functions improve at the very beginning of the posttransplantation period with accompanying reduction in ADMA and hsCRP levels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endothelial functions improve with decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) levels after renal transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The relationships between the markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were investigated both before and after living donor kidney transplantation.', 'Twenty-seven renal transplant patients were studied. Eleven patients (six male, five female) were on cyclosporine A, whereas 16 patients (nine male, seven female) were treated with tacrolimus based regimes. Twenty-seven subjects (12 males, 15 females) were studied as controls. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), Asymetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels were studied before transplantation and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was studied before transplantation and on the 28th day.', 'Serum hsCRP and ADMA levels decreased significantly from the first posttransplantation day on each measurement (P<0.001 for all) while the decrement of plasma adiponectin started in the third day (P<0.001 for all). The FMD was lower in the patients than the control group (P<0.001) and improved significantly in the 28th day of transplantation (P<0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Arginine', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cyclosporine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Lipids', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tacrolimus', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,729 | Does basics of flow cytometry-based sterility testing of platelet concentrate? | {
"contexts": [
"Flow cytometry (FACS) is a common technique in blood banking. It is used, for example, for the enumeration of residual white blood cells in plasma and in cellular blood products. It was investigated whether it can also be applied for sterility testing of buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates (PCs).",
"Plasma-reduced PCs were spiked with bacteria and stored at 20 to 24 or 37 degrees C for various times. The following 10 species were used: Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Bacterial DNA was stained with thiazole orange. After the platelets were lysed, bacteria were enumerated by FACS.",
"All bacteria species used were detectable by FACS. The lower detection limit was approximately 100 bacteria per microL, that is, 10(5) per mL. In general, the titers measured were 1.2- to 3-fold higher than those determined by colony forming assay. In one case (K. pneumoniae) in which the dot plot of the bacteria cloud overlapped with that of bacteria debris, they were consistently lower. When PC samples were inoculated with approximately 1 colony-forming unit per mL of bacteria and kept at 37 degrees C, most species were detected within 21 hours or less. Exceptions were E. cloacae and P. acnes, which were detected after 24 to 40 and 64 hours, respectively. At 20 to 24 degrees C, the detection times were strongly prolonged."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bacteria",
"Bacteriological Techniques",
"Blood Banks",
"Blood Platelets",
"Drug Contamination",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Platelet Transfusion",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | Sterility testing of PCs by FACS is a feasible approach. The present data suggest incubating PC samples for 20 to 24 hours at 37 degrees C before testing. For slow-growing bacteria, the incubation period must be prolonged by 1 to 2 days. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does basics of flow cytometry-based sterility testing of platelet concentrate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Flow cytometry (FACS) is a common technique in blood banking. It is used, for example, for the enumeration of residual white blood cells in plasma and in cellular blood products. It was investigated whether it can also be applied for sterility testing of buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates (PCs).', 'Plasma-reduced PCs were spiked with bacteria and stored at 20 to 24 or 37 degrees C for various times. The following 10 species were used: Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Bacterial DNA was stained with thiazole orange. After the platelets were lysed, bacteria were enumerated by FACS.', 'All bacteria species used were detectable by FACS. The lower detection limit was approximately 100 bacteria per microL, that is, 10(5) per mL. In general, the titers measured were 1.2- to 3-fold higher than those determined by colony forming assay. In one case (K. pneumoniae) in which the dot plot of the bacteria cloud overlapped with that of bacteria debris, they were consistently lower. When PC samples were inoculated with approximately 1 colony-forming unit per mL of bacteria and kept at 37 degrees C, most species were detected within 21 hours or less. Exceptions were E. cloacae and P. acnes, which were detected after 24 to 40 and 64 hours, respectively. At 20 to 24 degrees C, the detection times were strongly prolonged.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bacteria', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Blood Banks', 'Blood Platelets', 'Drug Contamination', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Platelet Transfusion', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,369,774 | Are elevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased circulating methylarginines (MA) have been linked to the metabolic syndrome to explain endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. Proteins that contain MA are regulatory and release them during catabolism. We hypothesised that increased protein turnover in insulin-resistant states contributes to an increase in circulating MA. MATWERIALS AND METHODS: We performed hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic, and isoaminoacidaemic experiments on 49 lean, obese and elderly subjects, with measurements of the kinetics of glucose and protein metabolism. Plasma MA, i.e. asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), and N -monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), lipids and body composition were measured.",
"Insulin resistance of glucose and protein metabolism occurred in obese and elderly subjects. ADMA concentrations were 29 to 120% higher in obese and 34% higher in elderly than in lean subjects. SDMA were 34 and 20% higher in obese than in lean and than in elderly subjects, respectively. NMMA were 32% higher in obese than in lean subjects. ADMA differed by sex, being higher in men, namely by 1.75x in obese men and by 1.27x in elderly men. Postabsorptive ADMA (r=0.71), SDMA (r=0.46), and NMMA (r=0.31) correlated (all p<0.05) with rates of protein flux. All three MA correlated negatively with clamp glucose infusion rates and uptake (p<0.001). ADMA and SDMA correlated negatively with net protein synthesis and clamp amino acid infusion rates (p<0.05). All MA also correlated with adiposity indices and fasting insulin and triglycerides (p<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Arginine",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Composition",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Glucose Clamp Technique",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Lipids",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Proteins",
"Regression Analysis",
"Sex Characteristics",
"omega-N-Methylarginine"
]
} | Obesity, sex and ageing affect MA. Elevations of the three MA in obese, and of ADMA in elderly men, are related to increased protein turnover and to lesser insulin sensitivity of protein metabolism. These interrelationships might amplify insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are elevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased circulating methylarginines (MA) have been linked to the metabolic syndrome to explain endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. Proteins that contain MA are regulatory and release them during catabolism. We hypothesised that increased protein turnover in insulin-resistant states contributes to an increase in circulating MA. MATWERIALS AND METHODS: We performed hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic, and isoaminoacidaemic experiments on 49 lean, obese and elderly subjects, with measurements of the kinetics of glucose and protein metabolism. Plasma MA, i.e. asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), and N -monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), lipids and body composition were measured.', 'Insulin resistance of glucose and protein metabolism occurred in obese and elderly subjects. ADMA concentrations were 29 to 120% higher in obese and 34% higher in elderly than in lean subjects. SDMA were 34 and 20% higher in obese than in lean and than in elderly subjects, respectively. NMMA were 32% higher in obese than in lean subjects. ADMA differed by sex, being higher in men, namely by 1.75x in obese men and by 1.27x in elderly men. Postabsorptive ADMA (r=0.71), SDMA (r=0.46), and NMMA (r=0.31) correlated (all p<0.05) with rates of protein flux. All three MA correlated negatively with clamp glucose infusion rates and uptake (p<0.001). ADMA and SDMA correlated negatively with net protein synthesis and clamp amino acid infusion rates (p<0.05). All MA also correlated with adiposity indices and fasting insulin and triglycerides (p<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Arginine', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Composition', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Clamp Technique', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Proteins', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Characteristics', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,400,635 | Is the value of onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid fine-needle aspirations a function of operator experience? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytotechnologists and pathologists often perform onsite evaluations of thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) to provide immediate feedback regarding whether adequate material has been obtained for cytologic diagnosis. The current study was designed to determine whether onsite adequacy assessment results in a significant decrease in nondiagnostic specimens between ultrasound (US)-guided FNAs of the thyroid and those performed by palpation alone.",
"A search was performed to identify in-house thyroid FNAs performed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2003 that were obtained under US guidance or by palpation only. It was then recorded whether an onsite adequacy assessment was performed. The submitting physician and final diagnosis also were recorded for each case. Contingency tables were constructed and evaluated using chi-square analysis.",
"Of 1502 in-house thyroid FNAs included in the current study, 981 (65.3%) were performed under US guidance and 521 (34.7%) were performed with palpation alone. Onsite adequacy assessment of the aspirated material was performed in 323 cases (21.5%), whereas 1179 cases (78.5%) were performed without onsite evaluation. Of the 418 palpation-guided FNAs that were performed without adequacy assessment, 70 (16.7%) were reported to be nondiagnostic, whereas of the 103 palpation-guided FNAs with immediate evaluation, only 7 (6.8%) were determined to be inadequate for diagnosis. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.025). Of 761 US-guided FNAs without immediate adequacy assessment, 54 (7.1%) were nondiagnostic, which was not statistically different from the nondiagnostic rate of 4.5% (10 of 220 cases) for US-guided FNAs with onsite evaluation. However, when these US-guided FNAs were divided further into 2 groups based on the experience of the radiologist performing the FNA, the nondiagnostic rate in the group of experienced radiologists was only 5.4% (or 32 of 592 US-guided FNAs), even though onsite evaluation was not performed. Among radiologists with less experience, adequacy assessment significantly reduced the nondiagnostic rate from 13.0% (22 of 169 FNAs without adequacy assessment) to 4.5% (10 of 220 FNAs with adequacy assessment) (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biopsy, Fine-Needle",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Specimen Handling",
"Thyroid Diseases",
"Thyroid Gland",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The results of the current study demonstrate that onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid FNAs significantly reduces the number of nondiagnostic aspirates. However, the benefit of onsite evaluation, at least for US-guided FNAs, depends on the experience of the radiologist. In the current study, experienced radiologists with a relatively low nondiagnostic rate did not benefit from onsite adequacy assessment. This finding confirms the importance of experience in the performance of FNA, but suggests that onsite adequacy assessment may assist the less experienced operator. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the value of onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid fine-needle aspirations a function of operator experience?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cytotechnologists and pathologists often perform onsite evaluations of thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) to provide immediate feedback regarding whether adequate material has been obtained for cytologic diagnosis. The current study was designed to determine whether onsite adequacy assessment results in a significant decrease in nondiagnostic specimens between ultrasound (US)-guided FNAs of the thyroid and those performed by palpation alone.', 'A search was performed to identify in-house thyroid FNAs performed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2003 that were obtained under US guidance or by palpation only. It was then recorded whether an onsite adequacy assessment was performed. The submitting physician and final diagnosis also were recorded for each case. Contingency tables were constructed and evaluated using chi-square analysis.', 'Of 1502 in-house thyroid FNAs included in the current study, 981 (65.3%) were performed under US guidance and 521 (34.7%) were performed with palpation alone. Onsite adequacy assessment of the aspirated material was performed in 323 cases (21.5%), whereas 1179 cases (78.5%) were performed without onsite evaluation. Of the 418 palpation-guided FNAs that were performed without adequacy assessment, 70 (16.7%) were reported to be nondiagnostic, whereas of the 103 palpation-guided FNAs with immediate evaluation, only 7 (6.8%) were determined to be inadequate for diagnosis. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.025). Of 761 US-guided FNAs without immediate adequacy assessment, 54 (7.1%) were nondiagnostic, which was not statistically different from the nondiagnostic rate of 4.5% (10 of 220 cases) for US-guided FNAs with onsite evaluation. However, when these US-guided FNAs were divided further into 2 groups based on the experience of the radiologist performing the FNA, the nondiagnostic rate in the group of experienced radiologists was only 5.4% (or 32 of 592 US-guided FNAs), even though onsite evaluation was not performed. Among radiologists with less experience, adequacy assessment significantly reduced the nondiagnostic rate from 13.0% (22 of 169 FNAs without adequacy assessment) to 4.5% (10 of 220 FNAs with adequacy assessment) (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Specimen Handling', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,824 | Is migraine with aura a risk factor for unprovoked seizures in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Migraine is associated with epilepsy, but the time order and nature of the relationship are unclear. We conducted a population based case control study to clarify the time order to determine whether migraine is a risk factor for epilepsy.",
"Migraine symptoms were evaluated in a population-based case-control study of all incident epilepsy in Icelandic children and in matched controls (next two same sex births in the country).",
"Migraine was associated with a fourfold increased risk for developing epilepsy, an association explained by migraine with aura (odds ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-24.3). Migraine without aura did not increase risk for epilepsy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Epilepsy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Iceland",
"Male",
"Migraine with Aura",
"Odds Ratio",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Children with migraine with aura have a substantial increased risk to develop subsequent epilepsy. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that migraine with aura and migraine without aura may be different disorders. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is migraine with aura a risk factor for unprovoked seizures in children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Migraine is associated with epilepsy, but the time order and nature of the relationship are unclear. We conducted a population based case control study to clarify the time order to determine whether migraine is a risk factor for epilepsy.', 'Migraine symptoms were evaluated in a population-based case-control study of all incident epilepsy in Icelandic children and in matched controls (next two same sex births in the country).', 'Migraine was associated with a fourfold increased risk for developing epilepsy, an association explained by migraine with aura (odds ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-24.3). Migraine without aura did not increase risk for epilepsy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iceland', 'Male', 'Migraine with Aura', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,822 | Are substantia nigra tangles related to gait impairment in older persons? | {
"contexts": [
"Parkinsonian signs, especially gait impairment, are common and associated with morbidity and mortality in older persons. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that substantia nigra neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to parkinsonian signs in older persons with and without dementia.",
"We studied 86 deceased older Catholic clergy without idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the Religious Order Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study. Mean age at death was 85.3 years. Signs of gait disturbance, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor were assessed proximate to death using a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Forty-micrometer paraffin-embedded sections of substantia nigra were bleached before tau immunohistochemistry and the optical disector was used to count NFTs. We used multivariable linear regression to examine parkinsonian signs as a function of nigra NFTs, controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs.",
"Substantia nigra NFTs were present in 67 of 86 persons (77.9%). After controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs, nigra NFTs were related to gait impairment (p < 0.001), but not bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Results were not confounded by dementia, Braak score, neuroleptic medication, cerebral infarcts, or Lewy bodies."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Dementia",
"Gait Disorders, Neurologic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neurofibrillary Tangles",
"Parkinson Disease",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Substantia Nigra"
]
} | NFTs in the substantia nigra are associated with gait impairment in older persons with and without dementia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are substantia nigra tangles related to gait impairment in older persons?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Parkinsonian signs, especially gait impairment, are common and associated with morbidity and mortality in older persons. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that substantia nigra neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to parkinsonian signs in older persons with and without dementia.', \"We studied 86 deceased older Catholic clergy without idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the Religious Order Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study. Mean age at death was 85.3 years. Signs of gait disturbance, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor were assessed proximate to death using a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Forty-micrometer paraffin-embedded sections of substantia nigra were bleached before tau immunohistochemistry and the optical disector was used to count NFTs. We used multivariable linear regression to examine parkinsonian signs as a function of nigra NFTs, controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs.\", 'Substantia nigra NFTs were present in 67 of 86 persons (77.9%). After controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs, nigra NFTs were related to gait impairment (p < 0.001), but not bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Results were not confounded by dementia, Braak score, neuroleptic medication, cerebral infarcts, or Lewy bodies.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Dementia', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Substantia Nigra']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,745 | Does beta-carotene supplementation attenuate cardiac remodeling induced by one-month tobacco-smoke exposure in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The objectives were to analyze the cardiac effects of exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS), for a period of 30 days, alone and in combination with beta-carotene supplementation (BC).",
"Rats were allocated into: Air (control, n = 13); Air + BC (n = 11); ETS (n = 11); and BC + ETS (n = 9). In Air + BC and BC + ETS, 500 mg of BC were added to the diet. After three months of randomization, cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiogram. After that, animals were euthanized and morphological data were analyzed post-mortem. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to assess the effects of ETS, BC and the interaction between ETS and BC on the variables.",
"ETS presented smaller cardiac output (0.087 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.105 +/- 0.004 l/min; p = 0.007), higher left ventricular diastolic diameter (19.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 18.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; p = 0.024), higher left ventricular (2.02 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.70 +/- 0.03 g/kg; p < 0.001) and atrium (0.24 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; p = 0.003) weight, adjusted to body weight of animals, and higher values of hepatic lipid hydroperoxide (5.32 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.84 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue; p = 0.031) than Air. However, considering those variables, there were no differences between Air and BC + ETS (0.099 +/- 0.004 l/min; 19.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; 1.83 +/- 0.04 g/kg; 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; 4.88 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue, respectively; p > 0.05). Ultrastructural alterations were found in ETS: disorganization or loss of myofilaments, plasmatic membrane infolding, sarcoplasm reticulum dilatation, polymorphic mitochondria with swelling and decreased cristae. In BC + ETS, most fibers showed normal morphological aspects."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Diet",
"Echocardiography",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Inhalation Exposure",
"Lipid Peroxides",
"Male",
"Myocardium",
"Organ Size",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Smoke",
"Ventricular Remodeling",
"beta Carotene"
]
} | One-month tobacco-smoke exposure induces functional and morphological cardiac alterations and BC supplementation attenuates this ventricular remodeling process. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does beta-carotene supplementation attenuate cardiac remodeling induced by one-month tobacco-smoke exposure in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objectives were to analyze the cardiac effects of exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS), for a period of 30 days, alone and in combination with beta-carotene supplementation (BC).', 'Rats were allocated into: Air (control, n = 13); Air + BC (n = 11); ETS (n = 11); and BC + ETS (n = 9). In Air + BC and BC + ETS, 500 mg of BC were added to the diet. After three months of randomization, cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiogram. After that, animals were euthanized and morphological data were analyzed post-mortem. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to assess the effects of ETS, BC and the interaction between ETS and BC on the variables.', 'ETS presented smaller cardiac output (0.087 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.105 +/- 0.004 l/min; p = 0.007), higher left ventricular diastolic diameter (19.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 18.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; p = 0.024), higher left ventricular (2.02 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.70 +/- 0.03 g/kg; p < 0.001) and atrium (0.24 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; p = 0.003) weight, adjusted to body weight of animals, and higher values of hepatic lipid hydroperoxide (5.32 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.84 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue; p = 0.031) than Air. However, considering those variables, there were no differences between Air and BC + ETS (0.099 +/- 0.004 l/min; 19.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; 1.83 +/- 0.04 g/kg; 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; 4.88 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue, respectively; p > 0.05). Ultrastructural alterations were found in ETS: disorganization or loss of myofilaments, plasmatic membrane infolding, sarcoplasm reticulum dilatation, polymorphic mitochondria with swelling and decreased cristae. In BC + ETS, most fibers showed normal morphological aspects.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Diet', 'Echocardiography', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Smoke', 'Ventricular Remodeling', 'beta Carotene']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,534 | Is lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national cohort without obvious survival benefit? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective in lung transplantation is to prolong life, but the survival effect in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or alpha1-anti-trypsin deficiency emphysema is still unresolved. This study assesses the impact of diagnosis, single-lung transplantation (SLT) vs bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) and timing of transplantation on survival in a national cohort.",
"In 219 consecutive patients accepted onto the lung transplantation waiting list in Norway, 1990 to 2003, we assessed predictors of death: (1) on the waiting list; (2) <or=90 days after transplantation; and (3) >90 days after transplantation. For each period we used Cox regression, including age, gender, diagnosis, baseline pulmonary function tests, cardiac catheterization data, exercise capacity and transplant type, as potential predictors. Survival benefit was assessed graphically by combining adjusted survival curves after transplantation with the curve for those waiting, modeling transplantation after 6, 12 or 24 months.",
"Mean patient age was 49 years (SD 10), with 55% women. High forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) percentage predicted death on the waiting list. Diagnoses other than COPD/emphysema and receiving SLT were associated with death <or=90 days after transplantation. Only low forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage predicted death >90 days after transplantation. In COPD/emphysema, there was no clear survival benefit from BLT or SLT. For patients in the \"Other\" group, the data suggest a survival benefit from BLT."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cohort Studies",
"Emphysema",
"Female",
"Functional Laterality",
"Humans",
"Lung Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Norway",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Survival Analysis",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Waiting Lists",
"alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency"
]
} | In COPD/emphysema, there was no obvious survival benefit from lung transplantation, which questions prolongation of life as the primary motivation for the procedure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national cohort without obvious survival benefit?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective in lung transplantation is to prolong life, but the survival effect in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or alpha1-anti-trypsin deficiency emphysema is still unresolved. This study assesses the impact of diagnosis, single-lung transplantation (SLT) vs bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) and timing of transplantation on survival in a national cohort.', 'In 219 consecutive patients accepted onto the lung transplantation waiting list in Norway, 1990 to 2003, we assessed predictors of death: (1) on the waiting list; (2) <or=90 days after transplantation; and (3) >90 days after transplantation. For each period we used Cox regression, including age, gender, diagnosis, baseline pulmonary function tests, cardiac catheterization data, exercise capacity and transplant type, as potential predictors. Survival benefit was assessed graphically by combining adjusted survival curves after transplantation with the curve for those waiting, modeling transplantation after 6, 12 or 24 months.', 'Mean patient age was 49 years (SD 10), with 55% women. High forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) percentage predicted death on the waiting list. Diagnoses other than COPD/emphysema and receiving SLT were associated with death <or=90 days after transplantation. Only low forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage predicted death >90 days after transplantation. In COPD/emphysema, there was no clear survival benefit from BLT or SLT. For patients in the \"Other\" group, the data suggest a survival benefit from BLT.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Emphysema', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Waiting Lists', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,539 | Does nitroglycerin reperfusion reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-heart-beating donor lungs? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung transplantation is severely limited by an inadequate supply of lungs from brain-dead donors. A potential solution is use of lungs from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) with retrieval at intervals after circulatory arrest and death. A warm ischemic period with concomitant reperfusion injury is a major limiting factor in the transplantation of lungs retrieved from NHBDs. We hypothesized that the administration of the nitric oxide-donor nitroglycerin to lungs from NHBDs would reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury by activation of guanylate cyclase to form guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP).",
"An in situ isolated perfused rat lung model was used. Lungs were retrieved from rats at varying intervals after circulatory arrest and death. Lungs were either ventilated with O(2) in situ or not ventilated. Lungs were reperfused at intervals after death with Earle's solution with or without nitroglycerin (0.1 mg/ml). Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury was assessed by capillary filtration coefficient, wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, and pulmonary hemodynamics. Tissue levels of adenine nucleotides and cGMP concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.",
"Reperfusion with nitroglycerin decreased capillary filtration coefficient compared with reperfusion without nitroglycerin at all post-mortem ischemic times, irrespective of pre-harvest ventilation. cGMP levels increased significantly with nitroglycerin-reperfusion and attenuated decreases in high-energy adenine nucleotides."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Cyclic GMP",
"Death",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Guanylate Cyclase",
"Hemodynamics",
"Lung",
"Lung Transplantation",
"Models, Animal",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Donors",
"Nitroglycerin",
"Rats",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Respiration, Artificial",
"Tissue Donors"
]
} | Reperfusion of lungs with nitroglycerin may facilitate safe lung transplantation from NHBDs by reducing capillary leak after reperfusion. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nitroglycerin reperfusion reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-heart-beating donor lungs?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Lung transplantation is severely limited by an inadequate supply of lungs from brain-dead donors. A potential solution is use of lungs from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) with retrieval at intervals after circulatory arrest and death. A warm ischemic period with concomitant reperfusion injury is a major limiting factor in the transplantation of lungs retrieved from NHBDs. We hypothesized that the administration of the nitric oxide-donor nitroglycerin to lungs from NHBDs would reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury by activation of guanylate cyclase to form guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP).\", \"An in situ isolated perfused rat lung model was used. Lungs were retrieved from rats at varying intervals after circulatory arrest and death. Lungs were either ventilated with O(2) in situ or not ventilated. Lungs were reperfused at intervals after death with Earle's solution with or without nitroglycerin (0.1 mg/ml). Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury was assessed by capillary filtration coefficient, wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, and pulmonary hemodynamics. Tissue levels of adenine nucleotides and cGMP concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.\", 'Reperfusion with nitroglycerin decreased capillary filtration coefficient compared with reperfusion without nitroglycerin at all post-mortem ischemic times, irrespective of pre-harvest ventilation. cGMP levels increased significantly with nitroglycerin-reperfusion and attenuated decreases in high-energy adenine nucleotides.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Death', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'Hemodynamics', 'Lung', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Models, Animal', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Rats', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Tissue Donors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,310 | Does spirituality predict outcome independently of expectancy following flower essence self-treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine whether absorption and spirituality predict the placebo response independently of expectancy.",
"This was an open study of self-treatment with self-selected Bach flower essences. Participants' expectancy of the effect of flower essences, attitudes to complementary medicine, holistic health beliefs, absorption, and spirituality were measured prior to treatment. One month after the start of treatment, participants responded to an e-mail enquiry about symptom change using a single seven-point change scale.",
"One hundred sixteen participants (97 university undergraduates and 19 staff) completed all assessments. Spirituality and absorption together predicted additional variance compared with a cluster of expectancy measures comprising expectancy, attitude to complementary medicine, and holistic beliefs (increment in R(2)=.042, P=.032), and spirituality alone (but not absorption alone) predicted more additional variance than did the expectancy cluster (increment in R(2)=.043, P=.014)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Attitude to Health",
"Child",
"Female",
"Flowers",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medicine, Traditional",
"Middle Aged",
"Phytotherapy",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychological Theory",
"Self Administration",
"Spirituality"
]
} | Our data are inconsistent with conventional explanations for the placebo effect. The mechanism underlying the placebo response is not fully understood. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does spirituality predict outcome independently of expectancy following flower essence self-treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine whether absorption and spirituality predict the placebo response independently of expectancy.', \"This was an open study of self-treatment with self-selected Bach flower essences. Participants' expectancy of the effect of flower essences, attitudes to complementary medicine, holistic health beliefs, absorption, and spirituality were measured prior to treatment. One month after the start of treatment, participants responded to an e-mail enquiry about symptom change using a single seven-point change scale.\", 'One hundred sixteen participants (97 university undergraduates and 19 staff) completed all assessments. Spirituality and absorption together predicted additional variance compared with a cluster of expectancy measures comprising expectancy, attitude to complementary medicine, and holistic beliefs (increment in R(2)=.042, P=.032), and spirituality alone (but not absorption alone) predicted more additional variance than did the expectancy cluster (increment in R(2)=.043, P=.014).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Child', 'Female', 'Flowers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Middle Aged', 'Phytotherapy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychological Theory', 'Self Administration', 'Spirituality']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,247 | Is combined use of noninvasive tests useful in the initial diagnostic approach to a child with suspected inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effectiveness of the combined use of fecal calprotectin (FC), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), perinuclear staining antineutrophil antibody (pANCA), small intestinal permeability test (IP), and bowel wall ultrasonography measurement (BWUS) in the diagnostic work-up of children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).",
"All children referred for initial assessment of possible IBD were eligible. Patients with symptoms or signs (right-lower quadrant mass, perianal disease, or hematochezia) mandating a complete work-up for IBD were excluded. All enrolled patients underwent a clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluation including biopsy examinations. The immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA ASCA, IgG pANCA, FC, IP, and BWUS were tested in all patients at the initial assessment.",
"A final diagnosis of IBD was made in 27 patients: 17 Crohn disease and 10 ulcerative colitis. Eighteen children had other gastrointestinal diagnoses (8 functional bowel disorders, 5 food allergy-mediated diseases, 4 infectious enterocolitis, 1 familial Mediterranean fever). In patients with simultaneous abnormal values of FC, BWUS, and ASCA/pANCA, the estimated probability of having IBD was 99.47%. Patients with negative results on all tests had a 0.69% of probability of IBD."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic",
"Antibodies, Fungal",
"Child",
"Colitis, Ulcerative",
"Crohn Disease",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Diagnostic Tests, Routine",
"Feces",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases",
"Intestine, Small",
"Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex",
"Male",
"Permeability",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The incorporation of noninvasive diagnostic tests into the initial diagnostic approach may avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and facilitate clinical decision-making when the diagnosis of IBD in children is initially uncertain. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is combined use of noninvasive tests useful in the initial diagnostic approach to a child with suspected inflammatory bowel disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the effectiveness of the combined use of fecal calprotectin (FC), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), perinuclear staining antineutrophil antibody (pANCA), small intestinal permeability test (IP), and bowel wall ultrasonography measurement (BWUS) in the diagnostic work-up of children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).', 'All children referred for initial assessment of possible IBD were eligible. Patients with symptoms or signs (right-lower quadrant mass, perianal disease, or hematochezia) mandating a complete work-up for IBD were excluded. All enrolled patients underwent a clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluation including biopsy examinations. The immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA ASCA, IgG pANCA, FC, IP, and BWUS were tested in all patients at the initial assessment.', 'A final diagnosis of IBD was made in 27 patients: 17 Crohn disease and 10 ulcerative colitis. Eighteen children had other gastrointestinal diagnoses (8 functional bowel disorders, 5 food allergy-mediated diseases, 4 infectious enterocolitis, 1 familial Mediterranean fever). In patients with simultaneous abnormal values of FC, BWUS, and ASCA/pANCA, the estimated probability of having IBD was 99.47%. Patients with negative results on all tests had a 0.69% of probability of IBD.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic', 'Antibodies, Fungal', 'Child', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Intestine, Small', 'Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex', 'Male', 'Permeability', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,140 | Does metabolic syndrome negatively impact early patency of saphenous vein grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"Coronary artery bypass grafting has been performed for a long period utilizing saphenous vein grafts, the fate of which might be crucial to prognosis following the operation. Metabolic syndrome, on the other hand, has become an increasingly important part of cardiovascular practice. We examined whether there was any negative effect of metabolic syndrome on saphenous vein graft patency in a relatively short term (< or =5 years).",
"Coronary angiograms of 314 consecutive patients (mean age 62.6+/-8.5 years), having at least one saphenous vein bypass graft within the last 5 years, were evaluated.",
"One hundred and twenty-one patients (group 1) had either an occluded saphenous vein graft or a saphenous vein graft with a significant lesion, and 193 patients (group 2) had patent saphenous vein grafts. Metabolic syndrome was present in 46.2% of all patients (n=145), in 57% of patients in group 1 and in 39.4% of patients in group 2 (P=0.002). Having metabolic syndrome increased the risk of saphenous vein graft occlusion or having a significant lesion on saphenous vein grafts by 2.04-folds. In multivariable logistic regression, smoking (P=0.015, odds ratio=1.88), metabolic syndrome (P=0.019, odds ratio=1.81) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.048, odds ratio=1.36) were found to be associated with poor venous graft fate in the relatively short-term period after bypass."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Coronary Disease",
"Coronary Restenosis",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Saphenous Vein",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Vascular Patency"
]
} | Metabolic syndrome seems to impact saphenous vein graft patency negatively in the relatively short term. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does metabolic syndrome negatively impact early patency of saphenous vein grafts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Coronary artery bypass grafting has been performed for a long period utilizing saphenous vein grafts, the fate of which might be crucial to prognosis following the operation. Metabolic syndrome, on the other hand, has become an increasingly important part of cardiovascular practice. We examined whether there was any negative effect of metabolic syndrome on saphenous vein graft patency in a relatively short term (< or =5 years).', 'Coronary angiograms of 314 consecutive patients (mean age 62.6+/-8.5 years), having at least one saphenous vein bypass graft within the last 5 years, were evaluated.', 'One hundred and twenty-one patients (group 1) had either an occluded saphenous vein graft or a saphenous vein graft with a significant lesion, and 193 patients (group 2) had patent saphenous vein grafts. Metabolic syndrome was present in 46.2% of all patients (n=145), in 57% of patients in group 1 and in 39.4% of patients in group 2 (P=0.002). Having metabolic syndrome increased the risk of saphenous vein graft occlusion or having a significant lesion on saphenous vein grafts by 2.04-folds. In multivariable logistic regression, smoking (P=0.015, odds ratio=1.88), metabolic syndrome (P=0.019, odds ratio=1.81) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.048, odds ratio=1.36) were found to be associated with poor venous graft fate in the relatively short-term period after bypass.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Coronary Restenosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Patency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,144 | Does extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy ameliorate myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Prognosis of severe coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting remains poor. We have recently demonstrated that shock wave therapy effectively induces neovascularization and improves myocardial ischemia in a porcine model in vivo.",
"With permission from the Ethical Committee of our Institute, we treated nine patients with end-stage coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (55-82 years old, five men and four women) with our cardiac shock wave therapy (200 shots/spot at 0.09 mJ/mm for 20-40 spots, 3 times a week/series). We followed-up the patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the therapy to examine the amelioration of myocardial ischemia. When needed, shock wave therapy was performed up to three series at 0, and 1, 3 or 6 months.",
"The cardiac shock wave therapy improved symptoms (Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class score, from 2.7+/-0.2 to 1.8+/-0.2, P<0.01) and reduced nitroglycerin use (from 5.4+/-2.5 to 0.3+/-0.3/week, P<0.05). The treatment also improved myocardial perfusion as assessed by dipyridamole stress thallium scintigraphy (severity score, 25.2+/-7.2% improvement, P<0.05; extent score, 23.3+/-9.0% improvement, P=0.10; washout rate, 20+/-3 to 34+/-3, P<0.05). Myocardial perfusion was improved only in the ischemic area treated with the therapy. These beneficial effects persisted for 12 months. No procedural complications or adverse effects were noted."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Disease",
"Electrocardiography",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"High-Energy Shock Waves",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These results indicate that our extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy is an effective and non-invasive treatment for end-stage coronary artery disease, although further careful evaluation is needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy ameliorate myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Prognosis of severe coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting remains poor. We have recently demonstrated that shock wave therapy effectively induces neovascularization and improves myocardial ischemia in a porcine model in vivo.', 'With permission from the Ethical Committee of our Institute, we treated nine patients with end-stage coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (55-82 years old, five men and four women) with our cardiac shock wave therapy (200 shots/spot at 0.09 mJ/mm for 20-40 spots, 3 times a week/series). We followed-up the patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the therapy to examine the amelioration of myocardial ischemia. When needed, shock wave therapy was performed up to three series at 0, and 1, 3 or 6 months.', 'The cardiac shock wave therapy improved symptoms (Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class score, from 2.7+/-0.2 to 1.8+/-0.2, P<0.01) and reduced nitroglycerin use (from 5.4+/-2.5 to 0.3+/-0.3/week, P<0.05). The treatment also improved myocardial perfusion as assessed by dipyridamole stress thallium scintigraphy (severity score, 25.2+/-7.2% improvement, P<0.05; extent score, 23.3+/-9.0% improvement, P=0.10; washout rate, 20+/-3 to 34+/-3, P<0.05). Myocardial perfusion was improved only in the ischemic area treated with the therapy. These beneficial effects persisted for 12 months. No procedural complications or adverse effects were noted.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'High-Energy Shock Waves', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,232 | Are women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer at an increased risk for subsequent colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Earlier studies regarding the risk of colorectal cancer in women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer yielded conflicting results.",
"A retrospective cohort study was performed using the General Practitioner Research Database of the United Kingdom. Women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer were compared with female control patients without a prior history of breast cancer. The primary outcome was an incident diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Poisson regression analysis was utilized to assess the effects of potential confounder variables.",
"The study included 17,415 breast cancer patients and 69,660 matched control patients with follow-up time in person years of 52,914 and 331,480, respectively. The relative rate of colorectal cancer among breast cancer patients was 0.80 (95% CI 0.56-1.15). The relative rate of colorectal cancer among women exposed and unexposed to tamoxifen were 0.73 (95% CI 0.49-1.08) and 1.81 (95% CI 0.85-3.85), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Colonoscopy",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Mass Screening",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms, Second Primary",
"Poisson Distribution",
"Prognosis",
"Reference Values",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment"
]
} | Women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer are not at an increased risk of colorectal cancer; these women can follow average risk screening guidelines for colorectal cancer. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer at an increased risk for subsequent colorectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Earlier studies regarding the risk of colorectal cancer in women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer yielded conflicting results.', 'A retrospective cohort study was performed using the General Practitioner Research Database of the United Kingdom. Women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer were compared with female control patients without a prior history of breast cancer. The primary outcome was an incident diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Poisson regression analysis was utilized to assess the effects of potential confounder variables.', 'The study included 17,415 breast cancer patients and 69,660 matched control patients with follow-up time in person years of 52,914 and 331,480, respectively. The relative rate of colorectal cancer among breast cancer patients was 0.80 (95% CI 0.56-1.15). The relative rate of colorectal cancer among women exposed and unexposed to tamoxifen were 0.73 (95% CI 0.49-1.08) and 1.81 (95% CI 0.85-3.85), respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Poisson Distribution', 'Prognosis', 'Reference Values', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,371,487 | Does patellar taping change the amplitude of electromyographic activity of the vasti in a stair stepping task? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of patellar taping on the amplitude of electromyographic activity (EMG) of vasti activation in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP).",
"Ten participants with PFP and 12 asymptomatic controls were recruited to the study. The study was designed as a randomised crossover trial. Participants completed a stair stepping task. Three experimental conditions were assessed: no tape, therapeutic medially directed tape, and placebo vertically directed tape. The main outcome measure was the EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during the concentric phase of stair stepping.",
"The application of medially directed therapeutic tape significantly decreased pain in subjects with PFP. However, application of tape over the patella (therapeutic or placebo) did not alter the amplitude of vasti EMG when either the PFP or control participants completed the concentric stair stepping task."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Bandages",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Electromyography",
"Exercise",
"Femur",
"Humans",
"Pain Measurement",
"Patella",
"Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome",
"Range of Motion, Articular",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The results of this study indicate that the positive clinical effects of medially directed therapeutic tape are not due to changes in EMG amplitude of the vasti muscle. Thus other effects such as changes in timing of contraction of the vasti are more likely candidates for the mechanism of efficacy. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does patellar taping change the amplitude of electromyographic activity of the vasti in a stair stepping task?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of patellar taping on the amplitude of electromyographic activity (EMG) of vasti activation in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP).', 'Ten participants with PFP and 12 asymptomatic controls were recruited to the study. The study was designed as a randomised crossover trial. Participants completed a stair stepping task. Three experimental conditions were assessed: no tape, therapeutic medially directed tape, and placebo vertically directed tape. The main outcome measure was the EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during the concentric phase of stair stepping.', 'The application of medially directed therapeutic tape significantly decreased pain in subjects with PFP. However, application of tape over the patella (therapeutic or placebo) did not alter the amplitude of vasti EMG when either the PFP or control participants completed the concentric stair stepping task.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Bandages', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patella', 'Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,385,331 | Are high dose magnesium infusions associated with increased pressor requirements after carotid endarterectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although magnesium provides cerebral protection in animal stroke models, magnesium therapy has significant side effects in humans. Therefore, we sought to examine the incidence of alpha-agonist treated hypotension in our ongoing, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I/IIa dose escalation study of magnesium therapy in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.",
"Eighty patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy were randomly assigned to a placebo control group (n = 38) or to one of the three intravenous magnesium groups. Magnesium levels were obtained before induction, and then 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after a loading dose and infusion. After surgery, a target systolic blood pressure range was chosen, and the amount and duration of phenylephrine needed to maintain that pressure was compared across treatment groups.",
"All treatment groups achieved levels significantly different from baseline at 12 and 24 hours (P < 0.01). Magnesium treatment did not significantly increase the proportion of patients requiring pressure support. For those requiring pressure support, the amount and average duration of phenylephrine required was not different between control patients and those receiving magnesium, even when the individual minimum systolic blood pressures required were subdivided on the basis of dose of magnesium administered."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic alpha-Agonists",
"Aged",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Endarterectomy, Carotid",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypotension",
"Incidence",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Magnesium",
"Male",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Phenylephrine",
"Postoperative Care"
]
} | There were no significant differences detected in the 1) percentage of patients requiring pressor support, 2) the duration of postoperative pressor support, or 3) the amount of phenylephrine support needed between controls and magnesium treated patients. The percentage of patients requiring pressure support depended on the minimum systolic blood pressure ordered after surgery. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are high dose magnesium infusions associated with increased pressor requirements after carotid endarterectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although magnesium provides cerebral protection in animal stroke models, magnesium therapy has significant side effects in humans. Therefore, we sought to examine the incidence of alpha-agonist treated hypotension in our ongoing, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I/IIa dose escalation study of magnesium therapy in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.', 'Eighty patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy were randomly assigned to a placebo control group (n = 38) or to one of the three intravenous magnesium groups. Magnesium levels were obtained before induction, and then 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after a loading dose and infusion. After surgery, a target systolic blood pressure range was chosen, and the amount and duration of phenylephrine needed to maintain that pressure was compared across treatment groups.', 'All treatment groups achieved levels significantly different from baseline at 12 and 24 hours (P < 0.01). Magnesium treatment did not significantly increase the proportion of patients requiring pressure support. For those requiring pressure support, the amount and average duration of phenylephrine required was not different between control patients and those receiving magnesium, even when the individual minimum systolic blood pressures required were subdivided on the basis of dose of magnesium administered.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Aged', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Incidence', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Magnesium', 'Male', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Phenylephrine', 'Postoperative Care']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,385,336 | Do radiographic characteristics fail to predict clinical course after subdural electrode placement? | {
"contexts": [
"Subdural arrays of grid and strip electrodes are frequently used in epilepsy patients to localize the seizure focus and determine the location of critical brain functions via stimulation mapping. Postoperatively, the majority of patients with implanted subdural electrodes develop subacute extra-axial collections (EACs). Although conservative management is appropriate in most of these cases, occasionally patients manifest neurological symptoms that may necessitate reoperation for collection evacuation. Currently, there is little information available regarding the range of EAC size and the potential correlation between EAC size and symptom development. To facilitate treatment decision-making in postoperative subdural electrode patients, we reviewed and compared the computed tomographic (CT) features of postelectrode placement EACs in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and CT scans of 22 consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy for placement of subdural grid and strip electrodes at Columbia University Medical Center. Medical records were reviewed for neurological complications from the time of grid placement until its removal. Each EAC was measured on CT for volume (% of total cranial volume), maximal thickness, and midline shift. One patient was excluded secondary to the development of an intracerebral hemorrhage.",
"Thirteen of 21 patients remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic during their hospitalization, with only mild to moderate, intermittent, postoperative headaches. The remaining eight developed symptoms such as persistent and severe headache, transient motor deficit, or speech impairment. Two of these patients underwent reoperation for hematoma evacuation. EACs in asymptomatic patients had a mean volume, maximal thickness, and midline shift of 5.7%, 1.25 cm, and 0.33 cm, respectively. EACs in symptomatic patients had a mean volume, maximal thickness, and midline shift of 7.7%, 1.46 cm, and 0.5 cm, respectively. Differences between maximal thickness and midline shift did not approach statistical significance. Despite this, the difference between the mean volume of symptomatic and asymptomatic EACs was statistically significant (P = 0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Brain",
"Child",
"Electrodes, Implanted",
"Electrodiagnosis",
"Epilepsy",
"Equipment Design",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Subdural Space",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | The conventional methods of midline shift and maximal thickness for assessing EAC size did not adequately differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic subdural electrode patients with EACs. Although total volume calculation using digital planimetric analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference, we found no clear threshold volume that correlated with clinical course. Therefore, the appearance of EACs on CT scans is of limited use in predicting the development of symptoms and possible postoperative complications after subdural grid placement. Clinical judgment must guide management and determine the potential need for reoperation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do radiographic characteristics fail to predict clinical course after subdural electrode placement?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Subdural arrays of grid and strip electrodes are frequently used in epilepsy patients to localize the seizure focus and determine the location of critical brain functions via stimulation mapping. Postoperatively, the majority of patients with implanted subdural electrodes develop subacute extra-axial collections (EACs). Although conservative management is appropriate in most of these cases, occasionally patients manifest neurological symptoms that may necessitate reoperation for collection evacuation. Currently, there is little information available regarding the range of EAC size and the potential correlation between EAC size and symptom development. To facilitate treatment decision-making in postoperative subdural electrode patients, we reviewed and compared the computed tomographic (CT) features of postelectrode placement EACs in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients.', 'We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and CT scans of 22 consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy for placement of subdural grid and strip electrodes at Columbia University Medical Center. Medical records were reviewed for neurological complications from the time of grid placement until its removal. Each EAC was measured on CT for volume (% of total cranial volume), maximal thickness, and midline shift. One patient was excluded secondary to the development of an intracerebral hemorrhage.', 'Thirteen of 21 patients remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic during their hospitalization, with only mild to moderate, intermittent, postoperative headaches. The remaining eight developed symptoms such as persistent and severe headache, transient motor deficit, or speech impairment. Two of these patients underwent reoperation for hematoma evacuation. EACs in asymptomatic patients had a mean volume, maximal thickness, and midline shift of 5.7%, 1.25 cm, and 0.33 cm, respectively. EACs in symptomatic patients had a mean volume, maximal thickness, and midline shift of 7.7%, 1.46 cm, and 0.5 cm, respectively. Differences between maximal thickness and midline shift did not approach statistical significance. Despite this, the difference between the mean volume of symptomatic and asymptomatic EACs was statistically significant (P = 0.04).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Epilepsy', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Subdural Space', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,723 | Does aPOA5 variant Ser19Trp influence a decrease of the total cholesterol in a male 8 year cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether the relationship between dietary composition and plasma lipid levels is genetically determined.",
"We have evaluated the influence of common apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) variants (T-1131 > C, Ser19 > Trp and Val153 > Met) on plasma lipid concentrations in 117 males for whom dietary composition markedly changed and total cholesterol decreased (from 6.21 +/- 1.31 mmol/L in 1988 to 5.43 +/- 1.06 mmol/L in 1996) over an 8 year follow-up study.",
"APOA5 T-1131 > C and Val153 > Met variants did not influence the change in lipid measures over time. In Ser/Ser19 homozygotes, the plasma cholesterol was relatively stable over the years (6.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/L in 1988 and 5.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/L in 1996, -8%, P < 0.01). In contrast, in the Trp19 carriers, the decrease of the plasma cholesterol was more than 20% (6.5 +/- 1.6 mmol/L in 1988 and 5.1 +/- 1.0 mmol/L in 1996) (P < 0.001). The difference of the changes is significant (8% vs. 20%, P < 0.005). Changes in other analyzed lipid parameters have not been significantly associated with APOA5 variants."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Apolipoprotein A-V",
"Apolipoproteins",
"Apolipoproteins A",
"Cholesterol",
"Cohort Studies",
"Czech Republic",
"Diet",
"Genetic Variation",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Ser19 > Trp variant in the APOA5 gene may play an important role in an individual's sensitivity to dietary composition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does aPOA5 variant Ser19Trp influence a decrease of the total cholesterol in a male 8 year cohort?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate whether the relationship between dietary composition and plasma lipid levels is genetically determined.', 'We have evaluated the influence of common apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) variants (T-1131 > C, Ser19 > Trp and Val153 > Met) on plasma lipid concentrations in 117 males for whom dietary composition markedly changed and total cholesterol decreased (from 6.21 +/- 1.31 mmol/L in 1988 to 5.43 +/- 1.06 mmol/L in 1996) over an 8 year follow-up study.', 'APOA5 T-1131 > C and Val153 > Met variants did not influence the change in lipid measures over time. In Ser/Ser19 homozygotes, the plasma cholesterol was relatively stable over the years (6.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/L in 1988 and 5.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/L in 1996, -8%, P < 0.01). In contrast, in the Trp19 carriers, the decrease of the plasma cholesterol was more than 20% (6.5 +/- 1.6 mmol/L in 1988 and 5.1 +/- 1.0 mmol/L in 1996) (P < 0.001). The difference of the changes is significant (8% vs. 20%, P < 0.005). Changes in other analyzed lipid parameters have not been significantly associated with APOA5 variants.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Apolipoprotein A-V', 'Apolipoproteins', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'Cholesterol', 'Cohort Studies', 'Czech Republic', 'Diet', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,400,416 | Does statistical voxel-wise analysis of ictal SPECT reveal pattern of abnormal perfusion in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the pattern of perfusion abnormalities in ictal and interictal brain perfusion SPECT images (BSI) from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).",
"It was acquired interictal and ictal BSI from 24 patients with refractory TLE. BSIs were analyzed by visual inspection and statistical parametric mapping (SPM2). Statistical analysis compared the patients group to a control group of 50 volunteers. The images from patients with left-TLE were left-right flipped.",
"It was not observed significant perfusional differences in interictal scans with SPM. Ictal BSI in SPM analysis revealed hyperperfusion within ipsilateral temporal lobe (epileptogenic focus) and also contralateral parieto-occipital region, ipsilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, occipital lobes and ipsilateral basal ganglia. Ictal BSI also showed areas of hypoperfusion."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Brain",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Chronic Disease",
"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon"
]
} | In a group analysis of ictal BSI of patients with TLE, voxel-wise analysis detects a network of distant regions of perfusional alteration which may play active role in seizure genesis and propagation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does statistical voxel-wise analysis of ictal SPECT reveal pattern of abnormal perfusion in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the pattern of perfusion abnormalities in ictal and interictal brain perfusion SPECT images (BSI) from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).', 'It was acquired interictal and ictal BSI from 24 patients with refractory TLE. BSIs were analyzed by visual inspection and statistical parametric mapping (SPM2). Statistical analysis compared the patients group to a control group of 50 volunteers. The images from patients with left-TLE were left-right flipped.', 'It was not observed significant perfusional differences in interictal scans with SPM. Ictal BSI in SPM analysis revealed hyperperfusion within ipsilateral temporal lobe (epileptogenic focus) and also contralateral parieto-occipital region, ipsilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, occipital lobes and ipsilateral basal ganglia. Ictal BSI also showed areas of hypoperfusion.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chronic Disease', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,550 | Does deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene lead to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) overproduction is responsible for cardiac valvular disease in patients with carcinoid tumors. Reduced 5-HT inactivation is one proposed mechanism of the valvulopathy observed in individuals treated with the appetite suppressants fenfluramine and phentermine. One key protein limiting systemic availability of 5-HT is the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) expressed by platelets and pulmonary vascular cells; 5-HTT is responsible for 5-HT uptake and subsequent inactivation of the amine passing through the lung. Here we investigated whether 5-HTT-deficient (5-HTT-KO) mice developed structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities and valvulopathy.",
"Cardiac endothelial cells expressed large amounts of 5-HTT in wild-type mice. 5-HTT deficiency appeared to be associated with marked interstitial, perivascular, and valvular fibrosis as evidenced by staining of cardiac collagen in 5-HTT-KO mice. Histological analysis provided evidence for valvulopathy characterized by valvular hyperplasia and prominent fibrosis at the attachment site and base of the leaflets. Echocardiography revealed an increase in left ventricular lumen diameter and a decrease in left ventricular diameter fractional shortening. Although 5-HT1B receptors mediated the 5-HT-induced collagen secretion by human cardiac myofibroblasts, the contribution of this receptor type to valvulopathy was ruled out because double-KO mice deficient in both 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptors showed the same cardiac alterations as 5-HTT-KO mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Fibroblasts",
"Fibrosis",
"Heart Valve Diseases",
"Humans",
"Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Myocardium",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B",
"Serotonin",
"Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The present results establish a link between 5-HTT and the development of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in vivo. 5-HTT-KO mice represent an especially relevant model for studying the mechanisms by which 5-HT induces valvulopathy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene lead to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) overproduction is responsible for cardiac valvular disease in patients with carcinoid tumors. Reduced 5-HT inactivation is one proposed mechanism of the valvulopathy observed in individuals treated with the appetite suppressants fenfluramine and phentermine. One key protein limiting systemic availability of 5-HT is the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) expressed by platelets and pulmonary vascular cells; 5-HTT is responsible for 5-HT uptake and subsequent inactivation of the amine passing through the lung. Here we investigated whether 5-HTT-deficient (5-HTT-KO) mice developed structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities and valvulopathy.', 'Cardiac endothelial cells expressed large amounts of 5-HTT in wild-type mice. 5-HTT deficiency appeared to be associated with marked interstitial, perivascular, and valvular fibrosis as evidenced by staining of cardiac collagen in 5-HTT-KO mice. Histological analysis provided evidence for valvulopathy characterized by valvular hyperplasia and prominent fibrosis at the attachment site and base of the leaflets. Echocardiography revealed an increase in left ventricular lumen diameter and a decrease in left ventricular diameter fractional shortening. Although 5-HT1B receptors mediated the 5-HT-induced collagen secretion by human cardiac myofibroblasts, the contribution of this receptor type to valvulopathy was ruled out because double-KO mice deficient in both 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptors showed the same cardiac alterations as 5-HTT-KO mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myocardium', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,604 | Is nuchal cord associated with adverse perinatal outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of pregnancies with nuchal cord.",
"A retrospective population-based study of all deliveries during the years 1988-2003 in a tertiary medical center was conducted. Immediate perinatal outcome of patients with and without nuchal cord was compared.",
"Of 166,318 deliveries during the study period, 14.7% had a nuchal cord, documented at birth (n=24,392). Higher rates of labor induction and non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns were noted among pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the control group (30.1% vs. 24.2%; OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.3-1.4, P<0.001 and 4.5% vs. 2.6%; OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.6-1.9, P<0.001; respectively). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower among pregnancies with nuchal cord (11.5% vs. 12.7%; OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8-0.9, P=0.001). Although 1 min Apgar scores lower than 7 were more common in pregnancies with nuchal cord (4.8% vs. 4.4%; OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.01-1.2, P=0.008), these pregnancies actually had lower rates of 5 min Apgar scores less than 7 (0.5% vs. 0.7%; OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9, P=0.004). Likewise, the perinatal mortality rate was significantly lower in pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the comparison group (11/1,000 vs. 16/1,000; OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P=0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apgar Score",
"Birth Weight",
"Cesarean Section",
"Female",
"Gestational Age",
"Heart Rate, Fetal",
"Humans",
"Infant Mortality",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Labor, Induced",
"Maternal Age",
"Nuchal Cord",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Outcome",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Nuchal cord is not associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Thus, labor induction in such cases is probably unnecessary. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is nuchal cord associated with adverse perinatal outcome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of pregnancies with nuchal cord.', 'A retrospective population-based study of all deliveries during the years 1988-2003 in a tertiary medical center was conducted. Immediate perinatal outcome of patients with and without nuchal cord was compared.', 'Of 166,318 deliveries during the study period, 14.7% had a nuchal cord, documented at birth (n=24,392). Higher rates of labor induction and non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns were noted among pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the control group (30.1% vs. 24.2%; OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.3-1.4, P<0.001 and 4.5% vs. 2.6%; OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.6-1.9, P<0.001; respectively). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower among pregnancies with nuchal cord (11.5% vs. 12.7%; OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8-0.9, P=0.001). Although 1 min Apgar scores lower than 7 were more common in pregnancies with nuchal cord (4.8% vs. 4.4%; OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.01-1.2, P=0.008), these pregnancies actually had lower rates of 5 min Apgar scores less than 7 (0.5% vs. 0.7%; OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9, P=0.004). Likewise, the perinatal mortality rate was significantly lower in pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the comparison group (11/1,000 vs. 16/1,000; OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P=0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apgar Score', 'Birth Weight', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Induced', 'Maternal Age', 'Nuchal Cord', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,376,195 | Is closure of the arteriotomy after carotid endarterectomy : patch type related to intraoperative microemboli and restenosis rate? | {
"contexts": [
"Patch closure after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) improves clinical outcome compared with primary closure. Whether there are differences in outcome between various patch materials is still not clear. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between the patch type and the number of microemboli as registered during CEA by transcranial Doppler imaging, the clinical outcome (transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular accident), and the occurrence of restenosis.",
"We included 319 patients who underwent CEA. Intraoperative microembolus registration was performed in 205 procedures. Microembolization was recorded during four different periods: dissection, shunting, clamp release, and wound closure. The decision to perform primary closure or to use a patch for the closure of the arteriotomy was made by the surgeon, and Dacron patches were used when venous material was insufficient. Cerebral events were recorded within the first month after CEA, and duplex scanning was performed at 3 months (n = 319) and 1 year (n = 166) after CEA. A diameter reduction of more than 70% was defined as restenosis.",
"Primary, venous, and Dacron patch closures were performed in 83 (26.0%), 171 (53.6%), and 65 (20.4%) patients, respectively. Primary closure was significantly related to sex (Dacron patch, 35 men and 30 women; venous patch, 108 men and 63 women; primary closure, 72 men and 11 women; P < .001). The occurrence of microemboli during wound closure was also related to sex (women, 2.5 +/- 0.6; men, 1.0 +/- 0.2; P = .01). Additionally, during clamp release, Dacron patches were associated with significantly more microemboli than venous patches (11.1 +/- 3.4 vs 4.0 +/- 0.9; P < .01), and this difference was also noted during wound closure (3.1 +/- 0.9 vs 1.4 +/- 0.4; P < .05). Transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes after CEA occurred in 5 (2.4%) of 205 and 6 (2.9%) of 205 procedures, respectively, and the degree of microembolization during dissection was related to adverse cerebral events (P = .003). In contrast, the type of closure was not related to immediate clinical adverse events. However, primary closure and Dacron patches were associated with an increase in the restenosis rate compared with venous patches: after 400 days, the restenosis rate for Primary closure was 11%, Dacron patch 16%, and venous patch 7% (P = .05; Kaplan-Meier estimates)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation",
"Carotid Stenosis",
"Endarterectomy, Carotid",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Graft Occlusion, Vascular",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Intracranial Embolism",
"Intraoperative Complications",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polyethylene Terephthalates",
"Prospective Studies",
"Saphenous Vein",
"Sex Factors",
"Surgical Mesh",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial"
]
} | Microemboli are more prevalent during clamp releases and wound closure when Dacron patches are used. Additionally, the observed differences in embolization noted by patch type were mainly evident in women. However, the use of Dacron patches was not related to immediate ischemic cerebral events but was associated with a higher restenosis rate compared with venous patch closure. This suggests that venous patch closure may be preferred for CEA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is closure of the arteriotomy after carotid endarterectomy : patch type related to intraoperative microemboli and restenosis rate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patch closure after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) improves clinical outcome compared with primary closure. Whether there are differences in outcome between various patch materials is still not clear. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between the patch type and the number of microemboli as registered during CEA by transcranial Doppler imaging, the clinical outcome (transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular accident), and the occurrence of restenosis.', 'We included 319 patients who underwent CEA. Intraoperative microembolus registration was performed in 205 procedures. Microembolization was recorded during four different periods: dissection, shunting, clamp release, and wound closure. The decision to perform primary closure or to use a patch for the closure of the arteriotomy was made by the surgeon, and Dacron patches were used when venous material was insufficient. Cerebral events were recorded within the first month after CEA, and duplex scanning was performed at 3 months (n = 319) and 1 year (n = 166) after CEA. A diameter reduction of more than 70% was defined as restenosis.', 'Primary, venous, and Dacron patch closures were performed in 83 (26.0%), 171 (53.6%), and 65 (20.4%) patients, respectively. Primary closure was significantly related to sex (Dacron patch, 35 men and 30 women; venous patch, 108 men and 63 women; primary closure, 72 men and 11 women; P < .001). The occurrence of microemboli during wound closure was also related to sex (women, 2.5 +/- 0.6; men, 1.0 +/- 0.2; P = .01). Additionally, during clamp release, Dacron patches were associated with significantly more microemboli than venous patches (11.1 +/- 3.4 vs 4.0 +/- 0.9; P < .01), and this difference was also noted during wound closure (3.1 +/- 0.9 vs 1.4 +/- 0.4; P < .05). Transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes after CEA occurred in 5 (2.4%) of 205 and 6 (2.9%) of 205 procedures, respectively, and the degree of microembolization during dissection was related to adverse cerebral events (P = .003). In contrast, the type of closure was not related to immediate clinical adverse events. However, primary closure and Dacron patches were associated with an increase in the restenosis rate compared with venous patches: after 400 days, the restenosis rate for Primary closure was 11%, Dacron patch 16%, and venous patch 7% (P = .05; Kaplan-Meier estimates).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Intracranial Embolism', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Prospective Studies', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Sex Factors', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,643 | Does xenon provide short-term neuroprotection in neonatal rats when administered after hypoxia-ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Brain injury after hypoxic-ischemic insults evolves via an apoptotic/necrotic cascade. Glutamate over release and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor over activation (excitotoxicity) are believed to trigger this process. Xenon is a nontoxic anesthetic gas that reduces neurotransmitter release and functionally antagonizes NMDA receptors. Administering xenon to hypoxic-ischemic newborns might be clinically effective if the neurotoxic processes continue evolving after delivery. We sought to determine whether xenon administration after the initial hypoxic-ischemic insult was neuroprotective.",
"Fifty 7-day-old rats received a 90-minute hypoxic insult after unilateral carotid ligation. They were then randomized to breathe 1 of 2 gas mixtures for 3 hours: 50% Xe/30% O2/20% N2 or 30% O2/70% N2.",
"One week after hypoxic-ischemic survival, significant global protection was seen in the xenon group (80% less injury); cortex/white matter (88% versus 25%), hippocampus (62% versus 0%), basal ganglia (81% versus 25%), and thalamus (50% versus 0%; percentage of global damage score in nonxenon versus xenon groups, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Asphyxia",
"Brain",
"Female",
"Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain",
"Male",
"N-Methylaspartate",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Pilot Projects",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate",
"Temperature",
"Time Factors",
"Xenon"
]
} | Three hours of xenon administration commenced after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats provides short-term neuroprotection. This finding suggests that treatment with xenon after perinatal asphyxia would also be neuroprotective. Because xenon does not cause other neurotoxic effects and has demonstrated minimal side effects in extensive anesthesia studies, it would make an ideal candidate for the treatment after human perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does xenon provide short-term neuroprotection in neonatal rats when administered after hypoxia-ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Brain injury after hypoxic-ischemic insults evolves via an apoptotic/necrotic cascade. Glutamate over release and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor over activation (excitotoxicity) are believed to trigger this process. Xenon is a nontoxic anesthetic gas that reduces neurotransmitter release and functionally antagonizes NMDA receptors. Administering xenon to hypoxic-ischemic newborns might be clinically effective if the neurotoxic processes continue evolving after delivery. We sought to determine whether xenon administration after the initial hypoxic-ischemic insult was neuroprotective.', 'Fifty 7-day-old rats received a 90-minute hypoxic insult after unilateral carotid ligation. They were then randomized to breathe 1 of 2 gas mixtures for 3 hours: 50% Xe/30% O2/20% N2 or 30% O2/70% N2.', 'One week after hypoxic-ischemic survival, significant global protection was seen in the xenon group (80% less injury); cortex/white matter (88% versus 25%), hippocampus (62% versus 0%), basal ganglia (81% versus 25%), and thalamus (50% versus 0%; percentage of global damage score in nonxenon versus xenon groups, respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Asphyxia', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Male', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Pilot Projects', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Xenon']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,845 | Are heterozygous mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor-B ( NPR2 ) associated with short stature? | {
"contexts": [
"C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important regulator of skeletal growth. Loss-of-function mutations affecting the CNP receptor natriuretic peptide receptor-B (gene NPR2) cause the autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM). The phenotype of heterozygous carriers of NPR2 mutations is less clear.",
"The objective of the study was to determine the phenotypic features of heterozygous carriers of NPR2 mutations.",
"This was a case-control study from the general community.",
"Thirty-nine members of a family in which one member has AMDM were studied.",
"This was an observational study.",
"The primary measure was stature, with the hypothesis that carriers have reduced stature compared with noncarriers.",
"Sixteen family members were NPR2 mutation carriers. Height z-scores of these carriers were -1.8 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- sd), which was significantly less than the 23 noncarrier family members (-0.4 +/- 0.8, P < 0.0005) and the general population (P < 0.0005). However, there was no difference in body proportion between carriers and noncarriers. The proband with AMDM had low IGF-I levels and evidence of GH resistance, as well as very high plasma levels of CNP and its amino-terminal propeptide. Levels of these peptides were normal in the heterozygous carriers."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anthropometry",
"Body Height",
"Body Weight",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"DNA",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Guanylate Cyclase",
"Heterozygote",
"Humans",
"Immunoassay",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Phenotype",
"Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor"
]
} | We have shown that heterozygous mutations in NPR2 are associated with short stature. Assuming one in 700 people unknowingly carry an NPR2 mutation, our data suggest that approximately one in 30 individuals with idiopathic short stature are carriers of NPR2 mutations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are heterozygous mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor-B ( NPR2 ) associated with short stature?\nContext: {'contexts': ['C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important regulator of skeletal growth. Loss-of-function mutations affecting the CNP receptor natriuretic peptide receptor-B (gene NPR2) cause the autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM). The phenotype of heterozygous carriers of NPR2 mutations is less clear.', 'The objective of the study was to determine the phenotypic features of heterozygous carriers of NPR2 mutations.', 'This was a case-control study from the general community.', 'Thirty-nine members of a family in which one member has AMDM were studied.', 'This was an observational study.', 'The primary measure was stature, with the hypothesis that carriers have reduced stature compared with noncarriers.', 'Sixteen family members were NPR2 mutation carriers. Height z-scores of these carriers were -1.8 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- sd), which was significantly less than the 23 noncarrier family members (-0.4 +/- 0.8, P < 0.0005) and the general population (P < 0.0005). However, there was no difference in body proportion between carriers and noncarriers. The proband with AMDM had low IGF-I levels and evidence of GH resistance, as well as very high plasma levels of CNP and its amino-terminal propeptide. Levels of these peptides were normal in the heterozygous carriers.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,847 | Does acetylsalicylic acid improve lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy men? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance is a central feature of type 2 diabetes. Salicylates prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodents by interrupting inflammatory pathways. We therefore investigated whether salicylates reduce lipid-induced insulin resistance in humans by affecting inflammatory pathways as reflected by serum adipocytokines.",
"Ten healthy men were included in a crossover intervention study. Four euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed, one without pretreatment, one with prior 2-h lipid infusion, one after pretreatment with 4 g acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and one with ASA pretreatment and prior lipid infusion.",
"Lipid-induced insulin resistance was quantified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique running at least 2 h. Repeated-measures ANOVA on two factors was used for comparison, and results were Bonferroni adjusted for multiple measurements. ASA effects on serum adipocytokines were addressed by comparing the areas under the curves.",
"Glucose infusion rate (M value) of the control clamp without pretreatment was 6.3 (+/- 0.6) mg/kg.min. ASA pretreatment did not change glucose infusion rates (P = 0.6). Lipid infusion significantly decreased the M value to 4.1 (+/- 0.6) mg/kg.min (P = 0.008). After ASA pretreatment and lipid infusion, the M value was 4.8 (+/- 0.7) mg/kg.min and was significantly improved, compared with the lipid-only clamp (P = 0.036 after Bonferroni's adjustment). General biomarkers of inflammatory processes (IL-6, C-reactive protein), the insulin-sensitizing mediator adiponectin, and circulating adiponectin oligomers were unchanged by ASA pretreatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Aspirin",
"Blood Glucose",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified",
"Glucose Clamp Technique",
"Humans",
"Hyperinsulinism",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Interleukin-6",
"Male",
"Reference Values"
]
} | ASA pretreatment attenuated lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy humans. This acute insulin-sensitizing effect of ASA was unrelated to changes of circulating inflammatory markers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acetylsalicylic acid improve lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Insulin resistance is a central feature of type 2 diabetes. Salicylates prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodents by interrupting inflammatory pathways. We therefore investigated whether salicylates reduce lipid-induced insulin resistance in humans by affecting inflammatory pathways as reflected by serum adipocytokines.', 'Ten healthy men were included in a crossover intervention study. Four euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed, one without pretreatment, one with prior 2-h lipid infusion, one after pretreatment with 4 g acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and one with ASA pretreatment and prior lipid infusion.', 'Lipid-induced insulin resistance was quantified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique running at least 2 h. Repeated-measures ANOVA on two factors was used for comparison, and results were Bonferroni adjusted for multiple measurements. ASA effects on serum adipocytokines were addressed by comparing the areas under the curves.', \"Glucose infusion rate (M value) of the control clamp without pretreatment was 6.3 (+/- 0.6) mg/kg.min. ASA pretreatment did not change glucose infusion rates (P = 0.6). Lipid infusion significantly decreased the M value to 4.1 (+/- 0.6) mg/kg.min (P = 0.008). After ASA pretreatment and lipid infusion, the M value was 4.8 (+/- 0.7) mg/kg.min and was significantly improved, compared with the lipid-only clamp (P = 0.036 after Bonferroni's adjustment). General biomarkers of inflammatory processes (IL-6, C-reactive protein), the insulin-sensitizing mediator adiponectin, and circulating adiponectin oligomers were unchanged by ASA pretreatment.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiponectin', 'Aspirin', 'Blood Glucose', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Glucose Clamp Technique', 'Humans', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,351 | Is acquisition of chemoresistance following discontinuous exposures to cisplatin associated in ovarian carcinoma cells with progressive alteration of FAK , ERK and p38 activation in response to treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrence and cisplatin resistance that progressively develops in the course of treatments are major impediments in ovarian cancer therapy. We investigated the involvement of alterations of different signaling pathways in this acquired chemoresistance.",
"We studied the activation of these pathways in a model of progressive acquisition of resistance that we established, by discontinuously exposing a sensitive ovarian carcinoma cell line, OAW42, to increasing concentrations of cisplatin.",
"OAW42-T1 and -T2 variants, which emerged after the first two treatments of OAW42 cells with 5 microg/ml cisplatin, showed enhanced but transient resistance. OAW42-R cells, obtained following successive reiterations of the treatment, displayed both a stronger resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and an increased capacity to recover a normal proliferation after treatment. The measurement of DNA adducts demonstrated that the mechanisms leading to a decreased DNA platination could not explain the level of resistance of OAW42-R cells. The simultaneous study of activation pattern of key proteins of different signaling pathways revealed that cisplatin induced both activation of ERK and p38 and inhibition of P-FAK in the sensitive cells, whereas it progressively failed to elicit such a response in the resistant variants. In contrast, STAT3 and Akt did not seem to be involved in the acquired chemoresistance in our model."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cisplatin",
"DNA Adducts",
"DNA, Neoplasm",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Female",
"Focal Adhesion Kinase 1",
"Humans",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | Our results suggested that emergence of chemoresistance was accompanied with the progressive loss of ERK and p38 activation and with the maintenance of FAK activation in response to cisplatin, and they demonstrated that these alterations were early events in the course of treatments. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is acquisition of chemoresistance following discontinuous exposures to cisplatin associated in ovarian carcinoma cells with progressive alteration of FAK , ERK and p38 activation in response to treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recurrence and cisplatin resistance that progressively develops in the course of treatments are major impediments in ovarian cancer therapy. We investigated the involvement of alterations of different signaling pathways in this acquired chemoresistance.', 'We studied the activation of these pathways in a model of progressive acquisition of resistance that we established, by discontinuously exposing a sensitive ovarian carcinoma cell line, OAW42, to increasing concentrations of cisplatin.', 'OAW42-T1 and -T2 variants, which emerged after the first two treatments of OAW42 cells with 5 microg/ml cisplatin, showed enhanced but transient resistance. OAW42-R cells, obtained following successive reiterations of the treatment, displayed both a stronger resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and an increased capacity to recover a normal proliferation after treatment. The measurement of DNA adducts demonstrated that the mechanisms leading to a decreased DNA platination could not explain the level of resistance of OAW42-R cells. The simultaneous study of activation pattern of key proteins of different signaling pathways revealed that cisplatin induced both activation of ERK and p38 and inhibition of P-FAK in the sensitive cells, whereas it progressively failed to elicit such a response in the resistant variants. In contrast, STAT3 and Akt did not seem to be involved in the acquired chemoresistance in our model.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cisplatin', 'DNA Adducts', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Focal Adhesion Kinase 1', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,024 | Do total IgE levels change 1 year after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Total IgE levels positively correlate with the amount of mucosal thickening on sinus CT scans. Our objective was to investigate whether the levels of total serum IgE decreased 1 year after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, suggesting that the total IgE was influenced by the sinus disease.",
"55 patients about to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. All patients had preoperative sinus computerized tomography (CT) scans and levels of total serum IgE measured before surgery and 1 year postoperatively.",
"Preoperative total IgE levels showed a significant correlation with the extent of disease on sinus CT (r(s) = 0.413, p = 0.002). Total serum IgE levels did not show any statistically significant change from the preoperative values when measured 1 year postoperatively (324.25 +/- 217.30 ng/ml vs. 326.35 +/- 204.50 ng/ml; p = 0.61)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Chronic Disease",
"Endoscopy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Paranasal Sinuses",
"Rhinitis",
"Sinusitis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The levels of total serum IgE do not change after sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. IgE levels in chronic rhinosinusitis may reflect a systemic factor in disease pathogenesis, and are probably not related to the amount of local inflammation within the sinuses. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do total IgE levels change 1 year after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Total IgE levels positively correlate with the amount of mucosal thickening on sinus CT scans. Our objective was to investigate whether the levels of total serum IgE decreased 1 year after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, suggesting that the total IgE was influenced by the sinus disease.', '55 patients about to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. All patients had preoperative sinus computerized tomography (CT) scans and levels of total serum IgE measured before surgery and 1 year postoperatively.', 'Preoperative total IgE levels showed a significant correlation with the extent of disease on sinus CT (r(s) = 0.413, p = 0.002). Total serum IgE levels did not show any statistically significant change from the preoperative values when measured 1 year postoperatively (324.25 +/- 217.30 ng/ml vs. 326.35 +/- 204.50 ng/ml; p = 0.61).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paranasal Sinuses', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,389,019 | Is failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J x DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 ( TIMP-2 )? | {
"contexts": [
"Uterine vascular remodeling at mid gestation includes the thinning of the vessel walls and, typically, an increase in lumen diameter. This study aimed to elucidate any differences in structural remodeling in normal murine pregnancies versus those differences that resulted from the crossing of CBA/J female mice by DBA/2 male mice, a combination that is known to exhibit recurrent resorption/pregnancy loss.",
"CBA/J female mice that were pregnant by DBA/2 male mice (abnormals) and DBA/2 female mice that were pregnant by CBA/J male mice (normals) were killed at mid gestation, which is a time when fetal resorption can be identified. Tissues were collected for permanent fixation and gene expression studies with complementary DNA macroarrays that were specific for extracellular matrix proteins. A 2-fold increase in expression or a 50% decline was considered significant. Expression changes were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.",
"The vessel-to-lumen diameter ratios were found to be significantly greater for the CBA/J implantation sites (1.50 +/- 0.05 vs 1.22 +/- 0.02, respectively; P < .0001), which indicates a lack of vascular remodeling. There was also a trend towards smaller lumen diameters for the CBA/J vessels, but this was not statistically significant (78.2 +/- 4.4 microm vs 93.5 +/- 6.8 microm, respectively; P = .22). The mean coefficient of variation for lumen measurements was 0.8% and for vessel diameter was 0.3%. The ranges were 0 to 3.2% and 0 to 1.4%, respectively. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 expression was up-regulated in the placentas of the group with higher resorption rates when compared with normals. This was confirmed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, where abnormals exhibited 2.6-fold greater tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 protein quantities when compared with normal controls (P = .03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arterioles",
"Chimera",
"Decidua",
"Female",
"Fetal Resorption",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred CBA",
"Mice, Inbred DBA",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Placenta",
"Pregnancy",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2"
]
} | The expansive vascular remodeling of decidual vessels that is characteristic of normal murine pregnancy is attenuated significantly in the CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, which is known for its tendency to recurrent fetal resorption. This has been correlated with a relative overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 protein in placentas of this strain combination and compared with normals. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J x DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 ( TIMP-2 )?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Uterine vascular remodeling at mid gestation includes the thinning of the vessel walls and, typically, an increase in lumen diameter. This study aimed to elucidate any differences in structural remodeling in normal murine pregnancies versus those differences that resulted from the crossing of CBA/J female mice by DBA/2 male mice, a combination that is known to exhibit recurrent resorption/pregnancy loss.', 'CBA/J female mice that were pregnant by DBA/2 male mice (abnormals) and DBA/2 female mice that were pregnant by CBA/J male mice (normals) were killed at mid gestation, which is a time when fetal resorption can be identified. Tissues were collected for permanent fixation and gene expression studies with complementary DNA macroarrays that were specific for extracellular matrix proteins. A 2-fold increase in expression or a 50% decline was considered significant. Expression changes were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.', 'The vessel-to-lumen diameter ratios were found to be significantly greater for the CBA/J implantation sites (1.50 +/- 0.05 vs 1.22 +/- 0.02, respectively; P < .0001), which indicates a lack of vascular remodeling. There was also a trend towards smaller lumen diameters for the CBA/J vessels, but this was not statistically significant (78.2 +/- 4.4 microm vs 93.5 +/- 6.8 microm, respectively; P = .22). The mean coefficient of variation for lumen measurements was 0.8% and for vessel diameter was 0.3%. The ranges were 0 to 3.2% and 0 to 1.4%, respectively. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 expression was up-regulated in the placentas of the group with higher resorption rates when compared with normals. This was confirmed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, where abnormals exhibited 2.6-fold greater tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 protein quantities when compared with normal controls (P = .03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Chimera', 'Decidua', 'Female', 'Fetal Resorption', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,896 | Is the TRP2 allele of COL9A2 an age-dependent risk factor for the development and severity of intervertebral disc degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Low back pain (LBP) and sciatica are usually caused by degenerative disc disease (DDD). Although they are common, the etiology of these conditions is poorly understood. A large population case-control study in the Southern Chinese was performed to study genetic risk factors to DDD.",
"To gain a better understanding of the etiology of DDD in relation to structural defects of the intervertebral disc.",
"A Finnish study found an association between LBP and sciatica with two variants of the alpha-chains of collagen IX, encoded by the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles, representing Gln326Trp and Arg103Trp amino acid substitutions in the COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes, respectively. Trp2 was found only in affected individuals (4%), whereas Trp3 was present in both affected (24%) and unaffected (9%) individuals. Because of the low frequency of the Trp2 allele in whites, the significance and contribution of this allele to DDD are not known. Using more objective criteria to define the disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we tested these alleles for association with DDD in a large population study.",
"Lumbar DDD, the presence of anular tears, and disc and endplate herniations were defined by MRI in 804 Southern Chinese volunteers 18 to 55 years of age. These were correlated with the frequencies of the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles.",
"The Trp2 allele was present in 20% of the population and was associated with a fourfold increase in the risk of developing anular tears at 30 to 39 years and a 2.4-fold increase in the risk of developing DDD and endplate herniations at 40 to 49 years. Affected Trp2 individuals had more severe degeneration. The Trp3 allele was absent from the Southern Chinese population."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Alleles",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Collagen Type IX",
"Female",
"Genetic Variation",
"Humans",
"Intervertebral Disc",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Spinal Diseases"
]
} | This largest-ever population study using MRI to define DDD demonstrates for the first time that the Trp2 allele is a significant risk factor for the development and severity of degeneration. The association is age- dependent as it is more prevalent in some age groups than in others. The contrasting Trp allele frequencies between the Finns and the Chinese are the first indication that the genetic risk factors for DDD varies between ethnic groups. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the TRP2 allele of COL9A2 an age-dependent risk factor for the development and severity of intervertebral disc degeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Low back pain (LBP) and sciatica are usually caused by degenerative disc disease (DDD). Although they are common, the etiology of these conditions is poorly understood. A large population case-control study in the Southern Chinese was performed to study genetic risk factors to DDD.', 'To gain a better understanding of the etiology of DDD in relation to structural defects of the intervertebral disc.', 'A Finnish study found an association between LBP and sciatica with two variants of the alpha-chains of collagen IX, encoded by the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles, representing Gln326Trp and Arg103Trp amino acid substitutions in the COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes, respectively. Trp2 was found only in affected individuals (4%), whereas Trp3 was present in both affected (24%) and unaffected (9%) individuals. Because of the low frequency of the Trp2 allele in whites, the significance and contribution of this allele to DDD are not known. Using more objective criteria to define the disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we tested these alleles for association with DDD in a large population study.', 'Lumbar DDD, the presence of anular tears, and disc and endplate herniations were defined by MRI in 804 Southern Chinese volunteers 18 to 55 years of age. These were correlated with the frequencies of the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles.', 'The Trp2 allele was present in 20% of the population and was associated with a fourfold increase in the risk of developing anular tears at 30 to 39 years and a 2.4-fold increase in the risk of developing DDD and endplate herniations at 40 to 49 years. Affected Trp2 individuals had more severe degeneration. The Trp3 allele was absent from the Southern Chinese population.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Alleles', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Collagen Type IX', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spinal Diseases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,991 | Does severe bacteremia result in a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance? | {
"contexts": [
"Although it has been postulated that liver injury results in impaired clearance of bacteria from the blood, no prior study has evaluated hepatic bacterial clearance during sepsis.",
"We hypothesized that liver injury during the evolution of sepsis would result in impaired hepatic bacterial clearance.",
"Mild and severe bacteremia were generated in C57BL/6 mice by low- and high-dose intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.",
"The mortality rates with mild and severe bacteremia were 20% and 60%, respectively. Hepatic bacterial clearance was preserved throughout the evolution of mild bacteremia but was lost late with severe bacteremia. The loss of hepatic bacterial clearance resulted in increased systemic bacteremia and mortality. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor resulted in preservation of hepatic bacterial clearance with severe bacteremia and eventual control of the bacteremia. When Kupffer cells were ablated before the onset of bacteremia, there was a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance. This converted an initially mild bacteremia into severe bacteremia with increased organ injury and mortality."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Bacterial",
"Apoptosis",
"Bacteremia",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Liver",
"Liver Diseases",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Prognosis",
"Pseudomonas Infections",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | These observations suggest that hepatic bacterial clearance may be lost during the evolution of sepsis, resulting in a failure to control bacteremia. Thus, the capacity of the liver to clear bacteria is an important determinant of the outcome in sepsis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does severe bacteremia result in a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although it has been postulated that liver injury results in impaired clearance of bacteria from the blood, no prior study has evaluated hepatic bacterial clearance during sepsis.', 'We hypothesized that liver injury during the evolution of sepsis would result in impaired hepatic bacterial clearance.', 'Mild and severe bacteremia were generated in C57BL/6 mice by low- and high-dose intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.', 'The mortality rates with mild and severe bacteremia were 20% and 60%, respectively. Hepatic bacterial clearance was preserved throughout the evolution of mild bacteremia but was lost late with severe bacteremia. The loss of hepatic bacterial clearance resulted in increased systemic bacteremia and mortality. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor resulted in preservation of hepatic bacterial clearance with severe bacteremia and eventual control of the bacteremia. When Kupffer cells were ablated before the onset of bacteremia, there was a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance. This converted an initially mild bacteremia into severe bacteremia with increased organ injury and mortality.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Apoptosis', 'Bacteremia', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prognosis', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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