pubid
int32 113k
27.9M
| question
stringlengths 17
664
| context
sequence | long_answer
stringlengths 1
3.34k
| final_decision
stringclasses 2
values | conversations
listlengths 2
2
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,373,902 | Are functional polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"We studied the association between polymorphisms in the UCP genes and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.",
"We analyzed 227 patients with type 1 diabetes using PCR and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonucleases for the promoter variants A-3826G in the UCP1 gene, G-866A in the UCP2 gene, and C-55T in the UCP3 gene.",
"No effect of the A-3826G polymorphism in the UCP1 gene on diabetes complications was found. Patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene or the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene had a significantly reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (UCP2: odds ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.24-0.79], P = 0.007; UCP3: 0.48 [0.25-0.92], P = 0.031), whereas there was no association with other diabetes complications. This effect was stronger when G-866A and C-55T occurred in a cosegregatory manner (UCP2 and UCP3: 0.28 [0.12-0.65], P = 0.002). Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression model showed an age- and diabetes duration-independent effect of the cosegregated polymorphisms on the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (P = 0.013)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetic Neuropathies",
"Female",
"Genetic Carrier Screening",
"Homozygote",
"Humans",
"Ion Channels",
"Male",
"Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitochondrial Proteins",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Prevalence",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Uncoupling Protein 2",
"Uncoupling Protein 3"
]
} | Our data indicate that both the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene and the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Thus, the results presented here support the hypothesis that higher expression of uncoupling protein might prevent mitochondria-mediated neuronal injury and, ultimately, diabetic neuropathy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are functional polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We studied the association between polymorphisms in the UCP genes and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.', 'We analyzed 227 patients with type 1 diabetes using PCR and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonucleases for the promoter variants A-3826G in the UCP1 gene, G-866A in the UCP2 gene, and C-55T in the UCP3 gene.', 'No effect of the A-3826G polymorphism in the UCP1 gene on diabetes complications was found. Patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene or the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene had a significantly reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (UCP2: odds ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.24-0.79], P = 0.007; UCP3: 0.48 [0.25-0.92], P = 0.031), whereas there was no association with other diabetes complications. This effect was stronger when G-866A and C-55T occurred in a cosegregatory manner (UCP2 and UCP3: 0.28 [0.12-0.65], P = 0.002). Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression model showed an age- and diabetes duration-independent effect of the cosegregated polymorphisms on the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (P = 0.013).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Female', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prevalence', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Uncoupling Protein 2', 'Uncoupling Protein 3']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,900 | Are higher levels of HDL cholesterol associated with a decreased likelihood of albuminuria in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine whether high levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower prevalence of albuminuria",
"We analyzed the lipid profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes of > or = 20 years duration in 42 patients with albuminuria (28 microalbuminuria and 14 macroalbuminuria) and 65 patients without increased albumin excretion before any interventions with either statins or ACE inhibitors.",
"Several characteristics were similar in the two groups: sex, age, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. By univariate analysis, significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in HDL cholesterol (albuminuria 1.42 mg/dl, no albuminuria 1.71 mg/dl, P < 0.01), HbA1c (A1C) (albuminuria 8.5%, no albuminuria 7.5%), and proportions with no, background, and proliferative retinopathy (albuminuria 2.4, 16.7, and 81%; no albuminuria 24.6, 52.3, and 23.1%, respectively). When adjusted for age and sex, a 0.26-mmol/l (10-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol is associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 (95% CI 0.54-0.90) for having albuminuria. In a multivariate model that adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and A1C, for every 0.54-mmol/l (21-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol, patients are approximately half (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.30-0.86]) as likely to have albuminuria, even after controlling for A1C."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age of Onset",
"Albuminuria",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Higher HDL cholesterol levels may be protective against the development of albuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes. Whether this is due to the HDL cholesterol levels or whether they serve as a marker for some other mechanism remains to be determined. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are higher levels of HDL cholesterol associated with a decreased likelihood of albuminuria in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine whether high levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower prevalence of albuminuria', 'We analyzed the lipid profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes of > or = 20 years duration in 42 patients with albuminuria (28 microalbuminuria and 14 macroalbuminuria) and 65 patients without increased albumin excretion before any interventions with either statins or ACE inhibitors.', 'Several characteristics were similar in the two groups: sex, age, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. By univariate analysis, significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in HDL cholesterol (albuminuria 1.42 mg/dl, no albuminuria 1.71 mg/dl, P < 0.01), HbA1c (A1C) (albuminuria 8.5%, no albuminuria 7.5%), and proportions with no, background, and proliferative retinopathy (albuminuria 2.4, 16.7, and 81%; no albuminuria 24.6, 52.3, and 23.1%, respectively). When adjusted for age and sex, a 0.26-mmol/l (10-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol is associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 (95% CI 0.54-0.90) for having albuminuria. In a multivariate model that adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and A1C, for every 0.54-mmol/l (21-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol, patients are approximately half (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.30-0.86]) as likely to have albuminuria, even after controlling for A1C.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Albuminuria', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,571 | Does quercetin inhibit LPS-induced delay in spontaneous apoptosis and activation of neutrophils? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of quercetin, an herbal flavonoid, on LPS-induced delay in spontaneous apoptosis, adhesion molecules (CD62L, CD11b/CD18) expression of neutrophils, and superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation by LPS-primed fMLP-induced human neutrophils.",
"Neutrophils were incubated in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a final concentration of 1 microg/ml for 24 hours. Some wells with neutrophils were pre-treated with quecetin at the final concentration ranging from 0-100 microM for 30 min and then 1 microg/ml LPS was added into the cultures for 24 hours. The apoptosis of neutrophils was evaluated by flowcytometry analysis of propidum iodide (PI)-staining of the nuclei and annexin V staining of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the cell membrane. Agarose gel electrophoresis of low molecular weight DNA was performed to analyze DNA fragmentation. The effects of quercetin on adhesion molecules were detected by using flowcytometry analysis. The generation of O(2) (-) by LPS-primed fMLP-induced neutrophils was determined by reduced cytochrome c assay.",
"LPS markedly inhibited the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils, but the inhibitory effect was abrogated after the pre-treatment of neutrophils with quercetin (approximately 40 microM) for 30 min. Quercetin (40 microM) also prevented LPS-induced down-regulation of CD62L expression, up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 expression, and O(2) (-) generation by fMLP-induced neutrophils."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Annexins",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal",
"Apoptosis",
"CD11b Antigen",
"CD18 Antigens",
"DNA",
"Electrophoresis, Agar Gel",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"L-Selectin",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine",
"Neutrophil Activation",
"Neutrophils",
"Propidium",
"Quercetin",
"Superoxides",
"Time Factors"
]
} | As one of the pro-inflammatory factors, LPS aggravates inflammation through priming neutrophils to synthesize/release cytotoxic contents and prolonging functional lifespan of neutrophils by delaying the spontaneous apoptosis. Thus, our data suggest to us that quercetin might decrease the susceptibility of neutrophils to pro-inflammatory factors (e. g. LPS), which could partially explain the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of quercetin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does quercetin inhibit LPS-induced delay in spontaneous apoptosis and activation of neutrophils?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effects of quercetin, an herbal flavonoid, on LPS-induced delay in spontaneous apoptosis, adhesion molecules (CD62L, CD11b/CD18) expression of neutrophils, and superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation by LPS-primed fMLP-induced human neutrophils.', 'Neutrophils were incubated in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a final concentration of 1 microg/ml for 24 hours. Some wells with neutrophils were pre-treated with quecetin at the final concentration ranging from 0-100 microM for 30 min and then 1 microg/ml LPS was added into the cultures for 24 hours. The apoptosis of neutrophils was evaluated by flowcytometry analysis of propidum iodide (PI)-staining of the nuclei and annexin V staining of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the cell membrane. Agarose gel electrophoresis of low molecular weight DNA was performed to analyze DNA fragmentation. The effects of quercetin on adhesion molecules were detected by using flowcytometry analysis. The generation of O(2) (-) by LPS-primed fMLP-induced neutrophils was determined by reduced cytochrome c assay.', 'LPS markedly inhibited the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils, but the inhibitory effect was abrogated after the pre-treatment of neutrophils with quercetin (approximately 40 microM) for 30 min. Quercetin (40 microM) also prevented LPS-induced down-regulation of CD62L expression, up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 expression, and O(2) (-) generation by fMLP-induced neutrophils.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Annexins', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Apoptosis', 'CD11b Antigen', 'CD18 Antigens', 'DNA', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'L-Selectin', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophil Activation', 'Neutrophils', 'Propidium', 'Quercetin', 'Superoxides', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,507 | Do detection rate of ultrasound vs CT scan in clinical staging accuracy of renal tumors pT1NxMx? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal ultrasound is very important in the diagnosis of renal tumors.",
"From January 2000 to Jannuary 2005 we retrospectively examined the records of 116 patients, 37 women and 79 men (mean age 54 years, range 22-77), who underwent radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer in clinical stage CT1N0M0. 2.5 cm was the tumor dimension limit between the nephron sparing surgical technique and radical nephrectomy. We subdivided the sample into 2 groups, the first of 45 patients with tumor lesions smaller than 2.5 cm and the second with tumor lesions between 2.5 cm and 7 cm in diameter all patients underwent preoperative staging including ultrasound scan (ETG) and computer tomography scan (CT).",
"Ultrasound has showed 35% sensitivity and 49% specificity for lesions under 2.5 cm in diameter, and 65% sensitivity and 75% specificity and 80% specificity for lesions under 2.5 and 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity for lesions between 2.5 and 7 cm."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Ultrasound is the first step in the staging of renal cancer before surgery; to assess. 2.5 and 7 in diameter CT scan is the gold standard for solid and cystic lesions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do detection rate of ultrasound vs CT scan in clinical staging accuracy of renal tumors pT1NxMx?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Renal ultrasound is very important in the diagnosis of renal tumors.', 'From January 2000 to Jannuary 2005 we retrospectively examined the records of 116 patients, 37 women and 79 men (mean age 54 years, range 22-77), who underwent radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer in clinical stage CT1N0M0. 2.5 cm was the tumor dimension limit between the nephron sparing surgical technique and radical nephrectomy. We subdivided the sample into 2 groups, the first of 45 patients with tumor lesions smaller than 2.5 cm and the second with tumor lesions between 2.5 cm and 7 cm in diameter all patients underwent preoperative staging including ultrasound scan (ETG) and computer tomography scan (CT).', 'Ultrasound has showed 35% sensitivity and 49% specificity for lesions under 2.5 cm in diameter, and 65% sensitivity and 75% specificity and 80% specificity for lesions under 2.5 and 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity for lesions between 2.5 and 7 cm.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,022 | Are serum CRP levels equally elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and related to adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure the serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adiponectin levels, assess insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response (AIR) in normal control (NC) subjects, patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and further explore the possible correlation between hs-CRP and SI, AIR and adiponectin in IGT and newly diagnosed type 2 DM groups.",
"Age and sex matched 28 normal subjects, 31 patients with IGT, and 31 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM were included in the study. SI and AIR were assessed by the reduced sample number of Bergman's minimal model method with intravenous glucose tolerance test in subjects of each group.",
"Compared with NC group, serum hs-CRP was significantly increased in IGT and type 2 DM groups (p < 0.001), although there was no significant difference between the latter groups. Hs-CRP was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), SI and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), postprandial 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS) and postprandial serum insulin (PSI) in IGT and newly diagnosed type 2 DM groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In general multivariate regression, only adiponectin was the significantly independent determinant for serum hs-CRP (regression coefficient -1.380; 95% CI -2.062 to 0.698, p < 0.001); meanwhile, TG, SI, hs-CRP, FINS, 2hPG and WHR were significantly independent determinants for serum adiponectin concentration (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Mass Index",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postprandial Period",
"Waist-Hip Ratio"
]
} | Elevated serum hs-CRP may play a role in the development of insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes. This elevation is accompanied by the opposite changes of adiponectin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are serum CRP levels equally elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and related to adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To measure the serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adiponectin levels, assess insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response (AIR) in normal control (NC) subjects, patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and further explore the possible correlation between hs-CRP and SI, AIR and adiponectin in IGT and newly diagnosed type 2 DM groups.', \"Age and sex matched 28 normal subjects, 31 patients with IGT, and 31 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM were included in the study. SI and AIR were assessed by the reduced sample number of Bergman's minimal model method with intravenous glucose tolerance test in subjects of each group.\", 'Compared with NC group, serum hs-CRP was significantly increased in IGT and type 2 DM groups (p < 0.001), although there was no significant difference between the latter groups. Hs-CRP was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), SI and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), postprandial 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS) and postprandial serum insulin (PSI) in IGT and newly diagnosed type 2 DM groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In general multivariate regression, only adiponectin was the significantly independent determinant for serum hs-CRP (regression coefficient -1.380; 95% CI -2.062 to 0.698, p < 0.001); meanwhile, TG, SI, hs-CRP, FINS, 2hPG and WHR were significantly independent determinants for serum adiponectin concentration (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiponectin', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postprandial Period', 'Waist-Hip Ratio']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,040 | Does adaptation to pregnancy lead to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) contracts blood vessels via vasopressin V1A (VP) receptors, and that this depends on pregnancy.",
"Concentration-contraction relationships (CCR) to OT and VP (10(-12)-10(-6) mol/L) were obtained in different blood vessels. CCR were obtained in uterine arteries (UA) from nonpregnant, mid-pregnant, and late pregnant rats (n = 6-10 per group) in the absence and presence of selective antagonists (10(-7) mol/L).",
"Sensitivity to OT, but not to VP, is attenuated in pregnant rat UA. Antagonists shifted CCR of OT and VP to the right, and, to a lesser extent, of the counterpart, in all UA. VP antagonist depresses oxytocin CCR much more than OT antagonist in pregnant rat UA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Physiological",
"Animals",
"Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists",
"Aorta, Thoracic",
"Arginine Vasopressin",
"Arteries",
"Computer Systems",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Female",
"Femoral Artery",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Osmolar Concentration",
"Oxytocics",
"Oxytocin",
"Pregnancy",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Oxytocin",
"Receptors, Vasopressin",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Uterus",
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vasopressins"
]
} | OT and VP contract UA via their own receptors, although partial cross-activation is evident. Adaptation to pregnancy led to attenuated sensitivity of UA smooth muscle to OT and transformed OT receptors into VP-like ones. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does adaptation to pregnancy lead to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We tested the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) contracts blood vessels via vasopressin V1A (VP) receptors, and that this depends on pregnancy.', 'Concentration-contraction relationships (CCR) to OT and VP (10(-12)-10(-6) mol/L) were obtained in different blood vessels. CCR were obtained in uterine arteries (UA) from nonpregnant, mid-pregnant, and late pregnant rats (n = 6-10 per group) in the absence and presence of selective antagonists (10(-7) mol/L).', 'Sensitivity to OT, but not to VP, is attenuated in pregnant rat UA. Antagonists shifted CCR of OT and VP to the right, and, to a lesser extent, of the counterpart, in all UA. VP antagonist depresses oxytocin CCR much more than OT antagonist in pregnant rat UA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Arteries', 'Computer Systems', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Oxytocics', 'Oxytocin', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Oxytocin', 'Receptors, Vasopressin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Uterus', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasopressins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,150 | Does addition of cladribine to induction/consolidation regimen impair peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and bone marrow harvest for autotransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The previous study by the Polish Adult Leukemia Group has demonstrated that addition of cladribine to standard DNR+AraC induction potentiates the antileukemic activity. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of bone marrow or peripheral blood hematopoietic cell collection in patients who obtained remission after daunorubicine plus cytarabine induction with cladribine (DAC-7) or without addition of cladribine (DA-7) in preparation for autotransplantation.",
"Sixty-six patients aged 41 years (range, 17-58 years) were included in this study: 33 cases in the DAC-7 and 33 in the DA-7 arm. Hematopoietic cells were collected from the bone marrow (ABMT, n = 29) or from the peripheral blood (ABCT, n = 37) using cytopheresis after administration of AraC (2 x 2 g/m2) on days 1, 3, 5 and subsequent G-CSF (10 microg/kg) from day 7 as mobilization therapy.",
"The numbers of harvested CD34+ cells were similar in the DAC-7 and DA-7 pretreated patients both after harvesting from peripheral blood (2.55 x 10(6)/kg vs 2.5 x 10(6)/kg) and from bone marrow (1.62 x 10(6)/kg vs 1.55 x 10(6)/kg), respectively. The proportion of patients with sufficient material for autologous bone marrow transplantation was higher in the DAC-7 compared with the DA-7 arm. All patients engrafted; hematopoietic recovery was similar in both subgroups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Antigens, CD34",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Cladribine",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute",
"Middle Aged",
"Tissue and Organ Harvesting",
"Transplantation Conditioning",
"Transplantation, Autologous"
]
} | Addition of cladribine to a standard DA induction does not impair the harvesting of hematopoietic cells and their engraftment after autotransplantation. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does addition of cladribine to induction/consolidation regimen impair peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and bone marrow harvest for autotransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The previous study by the Polish Adult Leukemia Group has demonstrated that addition of cladribine to standard DNR+AraC induction potentiates the antileukemic activity. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of bone marrow or peripheral blood hematopoietic cell collection in patients who obtained remission after daunorubicine plus cytarabine induction with cladribine (DAC-7) or without addition of cladribine (DA-7) in preparation for autotransplantation.', 'Sixty-six patients aged 41 years (range, 17-58 years) were included in this study: 33 cases in the DAC-7 and 33 in the DA-7 arm. Hematopoietic cells were collected from the bone marrow (ABMT, n = 29) or from the peripheral blood (ABCT, n = 37) using cytopheresis after administration of AraC (2 x 2 g/m2) on days 1, 3, 5 and subsequent G-CSF (10 microg/kg) from day 7 as mobilization therapy.', 'The numbers of harvested CD34+ cells were similar in the DAC-7 and DA-7 pretreated patients both after harvesting from peripheral blood (2.55 x 10(6)/kg vs 2.5 x 10(6)/kg) and from bone marrow (1.62 x 10(6)/kg vs 1.55 x 10(6)/kg), respectively. The proportion of patients with sufficient material for autologous bone marrow transplantation was higher in the DAC-7 compared with the DA-7 arm. All patients engrafted; hematopoietic recovery was similar in both subgroups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cladribine', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Middle Aged', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting', 'Transplantation Conditioning', 'Transplantation, Autologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,371,865 | Does an antibiotic order form intervention improve or reduce vancomycin use? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether a paper-based antibiotic ordering system is an effective antibiotic stewardship measure.",
"An antibiotic order form (AOF) was introduced in July 2001 at a pediatric tertiary care hospital. Vancomycin courses prescribed before and after the AOF introduction were retrospectively reviewed based on Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guidelines. The impact of the AOF on the appropriateness of vancomycin prescribing was evaluated in univariate and multivariable analyses that adjusted for other factors associated with appropriateness of vancomycin use. The density of vancomycin use after introduction of the AOF was also assessed.",
"Compliance with the AOF was poor (<50%) during the planned study period; therefore an additional 2 months of improved compliance (70-80%) were included. Rates of inappropriate vancomycin use increased during the study periods: 35% before AOF; 39% post-AOF; and 51% during the improved compliance period. On adjusted analysis, vancomycin utilization was significantly more inappropriate after introduction of the AOF. Vancomycin doses per 1000 patient days increased after introduction of the AOF."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Drug Utilization",
"Drug Utilization Review",
"Forms and Records Control",
"Guideline Adherence",
"Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499",
"Hospitals, Pediatric",
"Humans",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Practice Guidelines as Topic",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Risk Factors",
"Vancomycin"
]
} | Inappropriate vancomycin use and vancomycin use overall increased after the introduction of an AOF. An AOF intervention did not have its intended effect of improving and reducing vancomycin use. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an antibiotic order form intervention improve or reduce vancomycin use?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether a paper-based antibiotic ordering system is an effective antibiotic stewardship measure.', 'An antibiotic order form (AOF) was introduced in July 2001 at a pediatric tertiary care hospital. Vancomycin courses prescribed before and after the AOF introduction were retrospectively reviewed based on Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guidelines. The impact of the AOF on the appropriateness of vancomycin prescribing was evaluated in univariate and multivariable analyses that adjusted for other factors associated with appropriateness of vancomycin use. The density of vancomycin use after introduction of the AOF was also assessed.', 'Compliance with the AOF was poor (<50%) during the planned study period; therefore an additional 2 months of improved compliance (70-80%) were included. Rates of inappropriate vancomycin use increased during the study periods: 35% before AOF; 39% post-AOF; and 51% during the improved compliance period. On adjusted analysis, vancomycin utilization was significantly more inappropriate after introduction of the AOF. Vancomycin doses per 1000 patient days increased after introduction of the AOF.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Utilization', 'Drug Utilization Review', 'Forms and Records Control', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499', 'Hospitals, Pediatric', 'Humans', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', \"Practice Patterns, Physicians'\", 'Risk Factors', 'Vancomycin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,377,479 | Does twenty-four-hour thallium-201 late redistribution imaging enhance the detection of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial perfusion imaging has been widely used for evaluation of myocardial ischemia/viability after myocardial infarction. The 3- to 4-h early redistribution imaging has underestimated a considerable part of viable myocardium, while the 24-h late redistribution imaging may enhance the detection of myocardial ischemia/viability, but remains controversial.",
"Thirty-eighty patients with myocardial infarction underwent the initial, 3-h, and 24-h redistribution imaging after intravenous injection of 148-185 MBq 201Tl. Image quality analysis was performed using a four-grade model: excellent, good, moderate, and poor. The initial and 3-h images, the initial and 24-h images, and the 3- and 24-h images were compared double-blinded.",
"The 3- and 24-h images showed no significant differences in image quality according to the four-grade model (P=.3580). Out of the 194 abnormal segments based on the initial imaging, 60 (31%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 3-h imaging, while 86 (44%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. The 24-h late imaging detected more viable myocardium than the 3-h imaging did, with a significant difference (chi2=7.4235, P=.0064). There were 164 abnormal segments on the 3-h imaging, with an average 30% (48) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. There were 134 initial abnormal segments without any improvement on the 3-h imaging. Out of these segments, the 24-h late redistribution imaging detected additional redistribution in 30 segments, taking up 22%. The mean global score on the 3-h imaging significantly decreased compared to that on the initial imaging (t=5.71, P<.0001), and the mean global score on the 24-h imaging further decreased significantly compared to that on the 3-h imaging (t=6.28, P<.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Thallium Radioisotopes",
"Time Factors",
"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon"
]
} | Twenty-four-hour late 201Tl imaging, with satisfactory image quality, enhances the detection of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does twenty-four-hour thallium-201 late redistribution imaging enhance the detection of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial perfusion imaging has been widely used for evaluation of myocardial ischemia/viability after myocardial infarction. The 3- to 4-h early redistribution imaging has underestimated a considerable part of viable myocardium, while the 24-h late redistribution imaging may enhance the detection of myocardial ischemia/viability, but remains controversial.', 'Thirty-eighty patients with myocardial infarction underwent the initial, 3-h, and 24-h redistribution imaging after intravenous injection of 148-185 MBq 201Tl. Image quality analysis was performed using a four-grade model: excellent, good, moderate, and poor. The initial and 3-h images, the initial and 24-h images, and the 3- and 24-h images were compared double-blinded.', 'The 3- and 24-h images showed no significant differences in image quality according to the four-grade model (P=.3580). Out of the 194 abnormal segments based on the initial imaging, 60 (31%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 3-h imaging, while 86 (44%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. The 24-h late imaging detected more viable myocardium than the 3-h imaging did, with a significant difference (chi2=7.4235, P=.0064). There were 164 abnormal segments on the 3-h imaging, with an average 30% (48) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. There were 134 initial abnormal segments without any improvement on the 3-h imaging. Out of these segments, the 24-h late redistribution imaging detected additional redistribution in 30 segments, taking up 22%. The mean global score on the 3-h imaging significantly decreased compared to that on the initial imaging (t=5.71, P<.0001), and the mean global score on the 24-h imaging further decreased significantly compared to that on the 3-h imaging (t=6.28, P<.0001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Thallium Radioisotopes', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,715 | Does continuing education need assessment of acute care and long-term-care nurses in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was done to identify nurses' priorities for continued learning and to examine the priorities in relation to age, educational level, location in the organization, experience, position in the organization, and shift worked.",
"A random sample of nurses at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center completed surveys consisting of 58 educational topics and demographic information. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Tukey's HSD method to identify differences within the various subgroups of nurses.",
"Of the 58 educational topics, 21 were determined to be high priority educational needs and were significantly correlated with one or more of the independent variables."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Arizona",
"Attitude of Health Personnel",
"Chronic Disease",
"Clinical Competence",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Education, Nursing, Continuing",
"Geriatric Nursing",
"Hospitals, Veterans",
"Humans",
"Long-Term Care",
"Middle Aged",
"Needs Assessment",
"Nurse's Role",
"Nursing Education Research",
"Nursing Homes",
"Nursing Methodology Research",
"Nursing Staff",
"Program Development",
"Self Efficacy",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Conducting a needs assessment can provide valuable information that will improve the delivery of high quality, relevant continuing education and improve staff satisfaction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does continuing education need assessment of acute care and long-term-care nurses in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"This study was done to identify nurses' priorities for continued learning and to examine the priorities in relation to age, educational level, location in the organization, experience, position in the organization, and shift worked.\", \"A random sample of nurses at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center completed surveys consisting of 58 educational topics and demographic information. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Tukey's HSD method to identify differences within the various subgroups of nurses.\", 'Of the 58 educational topics, 21 were determined to be high priority educational needs and were significantly correlated with one or more of the independent variables.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Arizona', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Chronic Disease', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Geriatric Nursing', 'Hospitals, Veterans', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', \"Nurse's Role\", 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Homes', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Staff', 'Program Development', 'Self Efficacy', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,383,236 | Does [ Recipient lymphopenia state enhance the expansion and anti-leukemia effect of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role of recipient lymphopenia state in the expansion and function of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).",
"C57BL/6 mice were induced to lymphopenia with 6 Gy total body irradiation. Spleen T cells or leukemia specific T cells from EGFP+ transgenic C57BL/6-EGFP mice were adoptively transferred by intravenous injection. The mice were challenged subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) FBL3 leukemic cells at day 2 after irradiation. The peripheral WBC count, percentage of EGFP+ cells, subsets of T cells and tumor sizes were monitored.",
"Both of the spleen T cell and leukemia specific CTL proliferated efficiently with the percentage of EGFP+ cells of 28. 81% and 42.24%, respectively, after infused into lymphopenic recipients. However, spleen T cells had no anti-leukemia effect regardless of its expansion. In contrast, leukemia specific CTLs showed a more rapid and extensive expansion under the condition of lymphopenia and a enhanced anti-leukemia immunity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Leukemia",
"Lymphopenia",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic"
]
} | Transfusion of leukemia specific CTLs under lymphopenia state could be a feasible strategy to expand leukemia specific CTLs and generate favorable anti-leukemia effect in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Recipient lymphopenia state enhance the expansion and anti-leukemia effect of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the role of recipient lymphopenia state in the expansion and function of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).', 'C57BL/6 mice were induced to lymphopenia with 6 Gy total body irradiation. Spleen T cells or leukemia specific T cells from EGFP+ transgenic C57BL/6-EGFP mice were adoptively transferred by intravenous injection. The mice were challenged subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) FBL3 leukemic cells at day 2 after irradiation. The peripheral WBC count, percentage of EGFP+ cells, subsets of T cells and tumor sizes were monitored.', 'Both of the spleen T cell and leukemia specific CTL proliferated efficiently with the percentage of EGFP+ cells of 28. 81% and 42.24%, respectively, after infused into lymphopenic recipients. However, spleen T cells had no anti-leukemia effect regardless of its expansion. In contrast, leukemia specific CTLs showed a more rapid and extensive expansion under the condition of lymphopenia and a enhanced anti-leukemia immunity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphopenia', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,066 | Is a novel GJA8 mutation associated with autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract : further evidence for gap junction dysfunction in human cataract? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the gene responsible for autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract in a four-generation British family and characterise the functional and cellular consequences of the mutation.",
"Linkage analysis was used to identify the disease locus. The GJA8 gene was sequenced directly. Functional behaviour and cellular trafficking of connexins were examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes and HeLa cells.",
"A 262C>A transition that resulted in the replacement of proline by glutamine (P88Q) in the coding region of connexin50 (Cx50) was identified. hCx50P88Q did not induce intercellular conductance and significantly inhibited gap junctional activity of co-expressed wild type hCx50 RNA in paired Xenopus oocytes. In transfected cells, immunoreactive hCx50P88Q was confined to the cytoplasm but showed a temperature sensitive localisation at gap junctional plaques."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The pulverulent cataract described in this family is associated with a novel GJA8 mutation and has a different clinical phenotype from previously described GJA8 mutants. The cataract likely results from lack of gap junction function. The lack of function was associated with improper targeting to the plasma membrane, most probably due to protein misfolding. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a novel GJA8 mutation associated with autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract : further evidence for gap junction dysfunction in human cataract?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify the gene responsible for autosomal dominant lamellar pulverulent cataract in a four-generation British family and characterise the functional and cellular consequences of the mutation.', 'Linkage analysis was used to identify the disease locus. The GJA8 gene was sequenced directly. Functional behaviour and cellular trafficking of connexins were examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes and HeLa cells.', 'A 262C>A transition that resulted in the replacement of proline by glutamine (P88Q) in the coding region of connexin50 (Cx50) was identified. hCx50P88Q did not induce intercellular conductance and significantly inhibited gap junctional activity of co-expressed wild type hCx50 RNA in paired Xenopus oocytes. In transfected cells, immunoreactive hCx50P88Q was confined to the cytoplasm but showed a temperature sensitive localisation at gap junctional plaques.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,699 | Does increased susceptibility to ventilator-associated lung injury persist after clinical recovery from experimental endotoxemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Endotoxin, when delivered shortly before or during mechanical ventilation, increases susceptibility to ventilation-associated lung injury. However, it is unclear whether increased susceptibility to ventilator-associated lung injury is still present after clinical recovery from a transient endotoxin challenge.",
"Anesthetized rats were submitted to a 4-h period of mechanical ventilation with low (8 ml/kg) or high (24, 27, or 30 ml/kg) tidal volumes (VTs) 24 h after transient illness had been provoked by a single nonlethal intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Control animals were injected with phosphate-buffered saline and underwent the same protocol.",
"At 24 h, endotoxin-treated nonventilated animals showed no symptoms of clinical illness, and oxygenation was comparable with that of controls, but lung neutrophil counts were increased. Compared with controls, mechanical ventilation with high VT induced a stronger pulmonary inflammatory response and more severe lung injury in endotoxin-treated animals, as indicated by impaired oxygenation, increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and increased levels of protein, neutrophils, and cytokines in lung lavage fluid. In addition, the highest VT resulted in increased mortality in endotoxin-treated animals. Low VT after endotoxin treatment did not cause functional pulmonary impairment but induced an inflammatory response."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage",
"Cytokines",
"Endotoxemia",
"Hemodynamics",
"Inflammation",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Lung",
"Lung Injury",
"Male",
"Organ Size",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Proteins",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Respiration, Artificial",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Survival",
"Tidal Volume",
"Ventilators, Mechanical"
]
} | In this animal model, a 24-h delay after a single systemic injection of endotoxin resulted in clinical recovery and preserved pulmonary function but did not prevent increased susceptibility to ventilator-associated lung injury provoked by high VT. Residual pulmonary inflammation and neutrophilic infiltration at initiation of mechanical ventilation probably contribute to these findings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does increased susceptibility to ventilator-associated lung injury persist after clinical recovery from experimental endotoxemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endotoxin, when delivered shortly before or during mechanical ventilation, increases susceptibility to ventilation-associated lung injury. However, it is unclear whether increased susceptibility to ventilator-associated lung injury is still present after clinical recovery from a transient endotoxin challenge.', 'Anesthetized rats were submitted to a 4-h period of mechanical ventilation with low (8 ml/kg) or high (24, 27, or 30 ml/kg) tidal volumes (VTs) 24 h after transient illness had been provoked by a single nonlethal intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Control animals were injected with phosphate-buffered saline and underwent the same protocol.', 'At 24 h, endotoxin-treated nonventilated animals showed no symptoms of clinical illness, and oxygenation was comparable with that of controls, but lung neutrophil counts were increased. Compared with controls, mechanical ventilation with high VT induced a stronger pulmonary inflammatory response and more severe lung injury in endotoxin-treated animals, as indicated by impaired oxygenation, increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and increased levels of protein, neutrophils, and cytokines in lung lavage fluid. In addition, the highest VT resulted in increased mortality in endotoxin-treated animals. Low VT after endotoxin treatment did not cause functional pulmonary impairment but induced an inflammatory response.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage', 'Cytokines', 'Endotoxemia', 'Hemodynamics', 'Inflammation', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lung', 'Lung Injury', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Survival', 'Tidal Volume', 'Ventilators, Mechanical']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,327 | Does murine androgen-independent neuroendocrine carcinoma promote metastasis of human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP? | {
"contexts": [
"Although neuroendocrine (NE) cells in prostate cancer have been speculated to accelerate the growth and progression of surrounding cancer cells, the evidence is as yet inconclusive. We investigated the effect of an NE allograft (NE-10) and its cell line, NE-CS, which were established from the prostate of the LPB-Tag 12T-10 transgenic mouse, on human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.",
"The proliferation and pulmonary metastasis of LNCaP xenografts in athymic mice with and without NE-10 allografts were evaluated. Boyden chamber assay and microarray analysis were performed to investigate changes in invasion/migration and mRNA of LNCaP cells under the influence of the NE cells, respectively.",
"NE-10 did not influence the proliferation of LNCaP. The pulmonary metastasis of LNCaP with NE-10 significantly increased compared to mice without it. The NE-CS cells accelerated the in vitro invasion/migration of adenocarcinoma cells. Increased expression of mRNA of gelsolin was observed in LNCaP cells incubated with the supernatant of NE-CS cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Androgens",
"Animals",
"Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Nude",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Transplantation",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Transplantation, Heterologous",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | The NE-10 allograft promotes pulmonary metastasis of subcutaneously inoculated LNCaP cells by facilitating cell invasion. Secretions from NE cells upregulate the expression of gelsolin, which is an actin-binding protein, resulting in acceleration of the migration of LNCaP cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does murine androgen-independent neuroendocrine carcinoma promote metastasis of human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although neuroendocrine (NE) cells in prostate cancer have been speculated to accelerate the growth and progression of surrounding cancer cells, the evidence is as yet inconclusive. We investigated the effect of an NE allograft (NE-10) and its cell line, NE-CS, which were established from the prostate of the LPB-Tag 12T-10 transgenic mouse, on human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.', 'The proliferation and pulmonary metastasis of LNCaP xenografts in athymic mice with and without NE-10 allografts were evaluated. Boyden chamber assay and microarray analysis were performed to investigate changes in invasion/migration and mRNA of LNCaP cells under the influence of the NE cells, respectively.', 'NE-10 did not influence the proliferation of LNCaP. The pulmonary metastasis of LNCaP with NE-10 significantly increased compared to mice without it. The NE-CS cells accelerated the in vitro invasion/migration of adenocarcinoma cells. Increased expression of mRNA of gelsolin was observed in LNCaP cells incubated with the supernatant of NE-CS cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Androgens', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,328 | Are prostatic fluid concentrations of isoflavonoids in soy consumers sufficient to inhibit growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The differential intestinal metabolism of the soy isoflavones is likely to influence the ability of soy to prevent prostate cancer. While daidzein, genistein, and equol have direct antiproliferative effects on prostatic epithelial cells in vitro, there are no such data for the isoflavone glycitein, or seven metabolites: O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA), 6-hydroxyODMA (6H-ODMA), dihydrodaidzein (DHD), cis-4-hydroxyequol (C4HE), 3'-hydroxydaidzein (3HD), 6-hydroxydaidzein (6HD), and 8-hydroxydaidzein (8HD). In the current study, the in vitro activities of these compounds were elucidated, and the active ranges of concentrations were compared to that found in Caucasian prostatic fluid (PF) and plasma samples.",
"The effects of isoflavonoids on cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis (active Caspase 3) were examined on benign prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC), and the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.",
"PF concentrations of genistein, equol, and daidzein (but not ODMA or DHD) were often within the ranges that reduce PrEC growth in vitro. Profound differences in sensitivities were observed with LNCaP. The hydroxydaidzeins, C4HE, and 6H-ODMA had significant inhibitory effects at 10(-5)M on PrEC growth (but not LNCaP). Glycitein had significant effects on both. Reductions in cell growth were typically associated with both changes in cell cycle distribution and Caspase 3 activation. When five isoflavonoids were used in combination at concentrations present in PF samples, synergistic effects were observed."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Diet",
"Humans",
"Isoflavones",
"Male",
"Prostate",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Soybean Proteins"
]
} | The profound differences in sensitivities of prostatic epithelial cells to these compounds along with their synergistic effects suggest that multiple metabolites in vivo may be optimal for preventing prostate cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are prostatic fluid concentrations of isoflavonoids in soy consumers sufficient to inhibit growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The differential intestinal metabolism of the soy isoflavones is likely to influence the ability of soy to prevent prostate cancer. While daidzein, genistein, and equol have direct antiproliferative effects on prostatic epithelial cells in vitro, there are no such data for the isoflavone glycitein, or seven metabolites: O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA), 6-hydroxyODMA (6H-ODMA), dihydrodaidzein (DHD), cis-4-hydroxyequol (C4HE), 3'-hydroxydaidzein (3HD), 6-hydroxydaidzein (6HD), and 8-hydroxydaidzein (8HD). In the current study, the in vitro activities of these compounds were elucidated, and the active ranges of concentrations were compared to that found in Caucasian prostatic fluid (PF) and plasma samples.\", 'The effects of isoflavonoids on cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis (active Caspase 3) were examined on benign prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC), and the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.', 'PF concentrations of genistein, equol, and daidzein (but not ODMA or DHD) were often within the ranges that reduce PrEC growth in vitro. Profound differences in sensitivities were observed with LNCaP. The hydroxydaidzeins, C4HE, and 6H-ODMA had significant inhibitory effects at 10(-5)M on PrEC growth (but not LNCaP). Glycitein had significant effects on both. Reductions in cell growth were typically associated with both changes in cell cycle distribution and Caspase 3 activation. When five isoflavonoids were used in combination at concentrations present in PF samples, synergistic effects were observed.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Diet', 'Humans', 'Isoflavones', 'Male', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Soybean Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,104 | Does the human host defense peptide LL37/hCAP accelerate angiogenesis in PEGT/PBT biopolymers? | {
"contexts": [
"Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune response and contribute to host defense and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate neovascularization in biopolymers after instillation with LL37 of angiogenesis in the dorsal skinfold chamber in mice.",
"The host defense peptide human cathelicicin LL37 was tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity in a bilayer radial diffusion assay. For in vivo testing, 4 different concentrations of LL37 or carrier control were instilled into a biopolymer, then inserted into the dorsal skinfold chamber in Balb/c mice. Standard microcirculatory parameters were assessed over 24 days' follow-up.",
"LL37 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The LL37 treatment of the biopolymer accelerated the onset of neovascularization by 6 days compared with the carrier control (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiogenesis Inducing Agents",
"Animals",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides",
"Bacteria",
"Cathelicidins",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Female",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Polyesters",
"Polyethylene Glycols",
"Proteins",
"Surgical Wound Infection"
]
} | This study demonstrated that LL37 has antimicrobial activity and is important for early support of neoangiogenesis in biopolymers. The multifunctional human host defense peptide LL37 has potential as an adjunct for tissue engineering. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the human host defense peptide LL37/hCAP accelerate angiogenesis in PEGT/PBT biopolymers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune response and contribute to host defense and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate neovascularization in biopolymers after instillation with LL37 of angiogenesis in the dorsal skinfold chamber in mice.', \"The host defense peptide human cathelicicin LL37 was tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity in a bilayer radial diffusion assay. For in vivo testing, 4 different concentrations of LL37 or carrier control were instilled into a biopolymer, then inserted into the dorsal skinfold chamber in Balb/c mice. Standard microcirculatory parameters were assessed over 24 days' follow-up.\", 'LL37 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The LL37 treatment of the biopolymer accelerated the onset of neovascularization by 6 days compared with the carrier control (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiogenesis Inducing Agents', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Bacteria', 'Cathelicidins', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Polyesters', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Proteins', 'Surgical Wound Infection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,106 | Is extranodal metastasis an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance and prognostic impact of extranodal metastasis (EM) in gastric carcinoma.",
"The study included 1023 patients who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for primary gastric carcinoma between January 1993 and December 1996. EM was defined as the presence of tumour cells in extramural soft tissue that was discontinuous with either the primary lesion or locoregional lymph nodes.",
"EM was detected in 146 (14.3 per cent) of the 1023 patients and in 1060 (3.0 per cent) of the 35 811 nodules that were retrieved as 'lymph nodes' from adipose connective tissues. The incidence of EM was significantly higher in patients with tumours that were large (diameter 10 cm or more), infiltrative, deeply invading or undifferentiated and in those with lymph node, peritoneal or liver metastases, or lymphatic or vascular involvement. After curative operation overall survival was significantly worse for patients with EM than those without (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified EM as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.82 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.23 to 2.71); P = 0.003)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Female",
"Gastrectomy",
"Humans",
"Lymph Node Excision",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Peritoneal Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | EM is an independent prognostic factor and should therefore be included in the tumour node metastasis (TNM) staging system. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is extranodal metastasis an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance and prognostic impact of extranodal metastasis (EM) in gastric carcinoma.', 'The study included 1023 patients who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for primary gastric carcinoma between January 1993 and December 1996. EM was defined as the presence of tumour cells in extramural soft tissue that was discontinuous with either the primary lesion or locoregional lymph nodes.', \"EM was detected in 146 (14.3 per cent) of the 1023 patients and in 1060 (3.0 per cent) of the 35 811 nodules that were retrieved as 'lymph nodes' from adipose connective tissues. The incidence of EM was significantly higher in patients with tumours that were large (diameter 10 cm or more), infiltrative, deeply invading or undifferentiated and in those with lymph node, peritoneal or liver metastases, or lymphatic or vascular involvement. After curative operation overall survival was significantly worse for patients with EM than those without (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified EM as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.82 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.23 to 2.71); P = 0.003).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,596 | Does omalizumab pretreatment decrease acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Rush immunotherapy (RIT) presents an attractive alternative to standard immunotherapy. However, RIT carries a much greater risk of acute allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.",
"We hypothesized that omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, would be effective in enhancing both safety and efficacy of RIT.",
"Adult patients with ragweed allergic rhinitis were enrolled in a 3-center, 4-arm, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Patients received either 9 weeks of omalizumab (0.016 mg/kg/IgE [IU/mL]/mo) or placebo, followed by 1-day rush (maximal dose 1.2-4.0 mug Amb a 1) or placebo immunotherapy, then 12 weeks of omalizumab or placebo plus immunotherapy.",
"Of the 159 patients enrolled, 123 completed all treatments. Ragweed-specific IgG levels increased >11-fold in immunotherapy patients, and free IgE levels declined >10-fold in omalizumab patients. Patients receiving omalizumab plus immunotherapy had fewer adverse events than those receiving immunotherapy alone. Post hoc analysis of groups receiving immunotherapy demonstrated that addition of omalizumab resulted in a 5-fold decrease in risk of anaphylaxis caused by RIT (odds ratio, 0.17; P = .026). On an intent-to-treat basis, patients receiving both omalizumab and immunotherapy showed a significant improvement in severity scores during the ragweed season compared with those receiving immunotherapy alone (0.69 vs 0.86; P = .044)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Ambrosia",
"Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized",
"Desensitization, Immunologic",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Omalizumab",
"Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal"
]
} | Omalizumab pretreatment enhances the safety of RIT for ragweed allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, combined therapy with omalizumab and allergen immunotherapy may be an effective strategy to permit more rapid and higher doses of allergen immunotherapy to be given more safely and with greater efficacy to patients with allergic diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does omalizumab pretreatment decrease acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Rush immunotherapy (RIT) presents an attractive alternative to standard immunotherapy. However, RIT carries a much greater risk of acute allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.', 'We hypothesized that omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, would be effective in enhancing both safety and efficacy of RIT.', 'Adult patients with ragweed allergic rhinitis were enrolled in a 3-center, 4-arm, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Patients received either 9 weeks of omalizumab (0.016 mg/kg/IgE [IU/mL]/mo) or placebo, followed by 1-day rush (maximal dose 1.2-4.0 mug Amb a 1) or placebo immunotherapy, then 12 weeks of omalizumab or placebo plus immunotherapy.', 'Of the 159 patients enrolled, 123 completed all treatments. Ragweed-specific IgG levels increased >11-fold in immunotherapy patients, and free IgE levels declined >10-fold in omalizumab patients. Patients receiving omalizumab plus immunotherapy had fewer adverse events than those receiving immunotherapy alone. Post hoc analysis of groups receiving immunotherapy demonstrated that addition of omalizumab resulted in a 5-fold decrease in risk of anaphylaxis caused by RIT (odds ratio, 0.17; P = .026). On an intent-to-treat basis, patients receiving both omalizumab and immunotherapy showed a significant improvement in severity scores during the ragweed season compared with those receiving immunotherapy alone (0.69 vs 0.86; P = .044).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ambrosia', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Desensitization, Immunologic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Omalizumab', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,592 | Does the CC chemokine eotaxin/CCL11 have a selective profibrogenic effect on human lung fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Eotaxin/CCL11 plays an important role in asthma. It acts through the chemokine receptor CCR3 expressed on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in the lung.",
"To determine whether eotaxin/CCL11 modulates lung and bronchial fibroblast properties and thereby might contribute to airway remodeling.",
"CCR3 expression was characterized on a lung fibroblast line (MRC-5; flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, and Northern blotting), on primary bronchial fibroblasts (flow cytometry), and on fibroblasts in human lung tissue (confocal laser microscopy). The effects of eotaxin/CCL11 on lung fibroblast migration (Boyden chamber), proliferation (tritiated thymidine incorporation), alpha-smooth muscle actin expression (ELISA), 3-dimensional collagen gel contraction (floating gel), pro-alpha1(I) collagen mRNA (Northern blotting), total collagen synthesis (tritiated proline incorporation), matrix metalloproteinase activity (gelatin zymography), and TGF-beta(1) release (ELISA) were evaluated. The contribution of eotaxin/CCL11/CCR3 binding on lung fibroblasts was also investigated by neutralizing experiments.",
"CCR3 is constitutively expressed in cultured lung and primary bronchial fibroblasts and colocalizes with specific surface markers for human fibroblasts in lung tissue. Eotaxin/CCL11 selectively modulates fibroblast activities by increasing their proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, and collagen synthesis but not their differentiation into myofibroblasts, contractility in collagen gel, or TGF-beta(1) release. Eotaxin/CCL11 enhances migration of lung fibroblasts in response to nonspecific chemoattractants, and this effect is completely inhibited by anti-CCR3-neutralizing antibodies."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Chemokine CCL11",
"Chemokines, CC",
"Chemotaxis",
"Collagen",
"Collagen Type I",
"Female",
"Fibroblasts",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Middle Aged",
"Protein Precursors",
"Pulmonary Fibrosis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, CCR3",
"Receptors, Chemokine",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1"
]
} | These data demonstrate that eotaxin/CCL11 has a direct and selective profibrogenic effect on lung and bronchial fibroblasts, providing a novel mechanism whereby eotaxin/CCL11 can participate in airway remodeling in asthma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the CC chemokine eotaxin/CCL11 have a selective profibrogenic effect on human lung fibroblasts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Eotaxin/CCL11 plays an important role in asthma. It acts through the chemokine receptor CCR3 expressed on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in the lung.', 'To determine whether eotaxin/CCL11 modulates lung and bronchial fibroblast properties and thereby might contribute to airway remodeling.', 'CCR3 expression was characterized on a lung fibroblast line (MRC-5; flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, and Northern blotting), on primary bronchial fibroblasts (flow cytometry), and on fibroblasts in human lung tissue (confocal laser microscopy). The effects of eotaxin/CCL11 on lung fibroblast migration (Boyden chamber), proliferation (tritiated thymidine incorporation), alpha-smooth muscle actin expression (ELISA), 3-dimensional collagen gel contraction (floating gel), pro-alpha1(I) collagen mRNA (Northern blotting), total collagen synthesis (tritiated proline incorporation), matrix metalloproteinase activity (gelatin zymography), and TGF-beta(1) release (ELISA) were evaluated. The contribution of eotaxin/CCL11/CCR3 binding on lung fibroblasts was also investigated by neutralizing experiments.', 'CCR3 is constitutively expressed in cultured lung and primary bronchial fibroblasts and colocalizes with specific surface markers for human fibroblasts in lung tissue. Eotaxin/CCL11 selectively modulates fibroblast activities by increasing their proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, and collagen synthesis but not their differentiation into myofibroblasts, contractility in collagen gel, or TGF-beta(1) release. Eotaxin/CCL11 enhances migration of lung fibroblasts in response to nonspecific chemoattractants, and this effect is completely inhibited by anti-CCR3-neutralizing antibodies.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chemokine CCL11', 'Chemokines, CC', 'Chemotaxis', 'Collagen', 'Collagen Type I', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Precursors', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, CCR3', 'Receptors, Chemokine', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,591 | Is parental tobacco smoking associated with augmented IL-13 secretion in children with allergic asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to increase symptoms of allergic bronchial asthma, but direct effects on the expression of inflammatory markers have not been demonstrated thus far.",
"The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of ETS exposure with the expression of proinflammatory mediators in airway secretions, including IFN-gamma and IL-12, as well as IL-5 and IL-13, in allergic asthmatic schoolchildren and healthy control subjects.",
"By using the nasopharyngeal aspiration technique, airway secretions were collected from 24 atopic children with asthma (age, 6-16 years) and 26 healthy control subjects, and the concentration of cytokines was measured with immunoenzymatic methods.",
"IL-13 levels were highly increased in patients with asthma (P < .005), and parental tobacco smoke resulted in a significant increase in airway IL-13 secretion in these children compared with that seen in nonexposed children and healthy control subjects (median, 860 pg/mL vs 242 pg/mL and 125 pg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, a positive correlation between IL-13 levels and serum IgE concentrations (r(s) = 0.55) was found in children with allergic asthma."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Infant",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-13",
"Male",
"Parents",
"Tobacco Smoke Pollution"
]
} | These results indicate that ETS augments the expression and secretion of IL-13 in allergic asthma and that nasopharyngeal aspiration is a suitable method to assess cytokine measurements in airways in children. Measurements of IL-13 in secretions might be taken into account as a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation and to assess the detrimental effects of ETS. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is parental tobacco smoking associated with augmented IL-13 secretion in children with allergic asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to increase symptoms of allergic bronchial asthma, but direct effects on the expression of inflammatory markers have not been demonstrated thus far.', 'The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of ETS exposure with the expression of proinflammatory mediators in airway secretions, including IFN-gamma and IL-12, as well as IL-5 and IL-13, in allergic asthmatic schoolchildren and healthy control subjects.', 'By using the nasopharyngeal aspiration technique, airway secretions were collected from 24 atopic children with asthma (age, 6-16 years) and 26 healthy control subjects, and the concentration of cytokines was measured with immunoenzymatic methods.', 'IL-13 levels were highly increased in patients with asthma (P < .005), and parental tobacco smoke resulted in a significant increase in airway IL-13 secretion in these children compared with that seen in nonexposed children and healthy control subjects (median, 860 pg/mL vs 242 pg/mL and 125 pg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, a positive correlation between IL-13 levels and serum IgE concentrations (r(s) = 0.55) was found in children with allergic asthma.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Infant', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-13', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,413 | Are erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation the most frequently self-reported sexual concerns : profiles of 9,536 men calling a helpline? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the range of sexual problems, as reported by men calling a help-line and to investigate factors associated with help seeking behaviour.",
"The study included all calls between 1999 and 2004. The information used for analysis comprised caller's demographic characteristics, the sexual problem reported, previous doctor contacts, coexisting physical and mental health problems.",
"Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) were the most frequently reported problems (57 and 19.2% respectively). ED-reporting callers were older (OR 0.63 for the ages of 50-59 yrs), with co-morbidities (OR 1.75) and in stable relationship (OR 0.46), while PE-reporting callers were younger (OR 5.83 for the ages of 20-29 yrs), relatively healthy and more likely single (OR 2.62 and OR 2.92 respectively). Type and duration of sexual concern, age, coexisting health problems and marital status relate significantly (p<0.01) with willingness to seek medical help."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Ejaculation",
"Erectile Dysfunction",
"Hotlines",
"Humans",
"Libido",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Acceptance of Health Care",
"Quality of Life",
"Sexual Behavior",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The study demonstrates that ED and PE are men's major sexual concerns with personal and interpersonal factors influencing their help-seeking behaviour. Help-lines can serve as a link between health services and callers, while provide useful information for policy formation and improvement of support services. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation the most frequently self-reported sexual concerns : profiles of 9,536 men calling a helpline?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe the range of sexual problems, as reported by men calling a help-line and to investigate factors associated with help seeking behaviour.', \"The study included all calls between 1999 and 2004. The information used for analysis comprised caller's demographic characteristics, the sexual problem reported, previous doctor contacts, coexisting physical and mental health problems.\", 'Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) were the most frequently reported problems (57 and 19.2% respectively). ED-reporting callers were older (OR 0.63 for the ages of 50-59 yrs), with co-morbidities (OR 1.75) and in stable relationship (OR 0.46), while PE-reporting callers were younger (OR 5.83 for the ages of 20-29 yrs), relatively healthy and more likely single (OR 2.62 and OR 2.92 respectively). Type and duration of sexual concern, age, coexisting health problems and marital status relate significantly (p<0.01) with willingness to seek medical help.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Ejaculation', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Hotlines', 'Humans', 'Libido', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,414 | Does the magnitude of early castration-induced primary tumour regression in prostate cancer predict clinical outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to test whether early castration-induced short-term cellular changes in primary prostate tumours could predict clinical outcome in advanced disease.",
"Biopsies from 83 patients obtained before and within two weeks after surgical castration were investigated. Tumour epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were quantified using immunohistochemistry, laser capture micro-dissection, and real time RT-PCR. Cellular effects were related to changes in serum PSA levels and clinical outcome.",
"Decreased proliferation and PSA mRNA levels, and increased apoptosis were observed in most tumours. These early cellular responses were not correlated to each other and did not predict serum PSA response or cancer-specific survival. A nadir PSA level below 1 ng/ml predicted a longer cancer-specific survival after castration therapy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Androgen Antagonists",
"Apoptosis",
"Biopsy",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Disease Progression",
"Flutamide",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Orchiectomy",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Castration therapy causes primary tumour regression in most patients with advanced prostate cancer, but these primary tumour effects are not predictive for systemic disease control. Studies of early changes in metastases during hormonal therapy will probably give more predictive information for clinical outcome than further studies in primary tumours. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the magnitude of early castration-induced primary tumour regression in prostate cancer predict clinical outcome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to test whether early castration-induced short-term cellular changes in primary prostate tumours could predict clinical outcome in advanced disease.', 'Biopsies from 83 patients obtained before and within two weeks after surgical castration were investigated. Tumour epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were quantified using immunohistochemistry, laser capture micro-dissection, and real time RT-PCR. Cellular effects were related to changes in serum PSA levels and clinical outcome.', 'Decreased proliferation and PSA mRNA levels, and increased apoptosis were observed in most tumours. These early cellular responses were not correlated to each other and did not predict serum PSA response or cancer-specific survival. A nadir PSA level below 1 ng/ml predicted a longer cancer-specific survival after castration therapy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Apoptosis', 'Biopsy', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease Progression', 'Flutamide', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Orchiectomy', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,388,954 | Does unplanned splenectomy during oesophagectomy affect survival? | {
"contexts": [
"There are limited and conflicting data available concerning the incidence of inadvertent splenectomy and its impact on the outcome in patients who have undergone oesophagectomy. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with a likelihood of inadvertent splenectomy and its influence on early and long-term outcome in patients having oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma.",
"A consecutive series of 738 oesophagectomies performed between 1991 and 2004 was analysed. In our practice, the spleen was removed only if damaged intraoperatively. Routine chemo- and immunoprophylaxis would subsequently be used. Multivariate analysis with logistic and Cox models determined significant variables.",
"Of the 738 oesophagectomies, 48 (6.5%) had splenectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to a minority of patients; none subsequently had splenectomy. There were significant differences between types of operation (Ivor-Lewis 18 (9.0%), left thoracolaparotomy 14 (9.9%) and left thoracophrenotomy 15 (3.9%), p=0.01). Splenectomy was more common with advanced N stage disease (OR=0.44 [0.20-0.95]; p=0.04). Splenectomy resulted in more blood transfusions (median, 2 units vs 0 units; p=0.03) more anastomotic leaks (7 [14.6%] vs 42 [6.1%]; p=0.02) but not an increase in pulmonary complications (p=0.64) or in-hospital mortality (1 [4.6%] vs 37 [5.4%]; p=0.30). Splenectomy did not significantly affect median survival (551 [332-770] days vs 627 [554-700] days; p=0.63)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Esophageal Neoplasms",
"Esophagectomy",
"Female",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Penicillin V",
"Penicillins",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Splenectomy",
"Survival Rate",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Although inadvertent splenectomy increased the morbidity of oesophagectomy, it did not impair survival. Type of operation and advanced N stage are important risks for splenectomy. Though best avoided, most of the consequences of splenectomy can be managed. An unexpected relationship between splenectomy and anastomotic leaks needs further investigation. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does unplanned splenectomy during oesophagectomy affect survival?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There are limited and conflicting data available concerning the incidence of inadvertent splenectomy and its impact on the outcome in patients who have undergone oesophagectomy. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with a likelihood of inadvertent splenectomy and its influence on early and long-term outcome in patients having oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma.', 'A consecutive series of 738 oesophagectomies performed between 1991 and 2004 was analysed. In our practice, the spleen was removed only if damaged intraoperatively. Routine chemo- and immunoprophylaxis would subsequently be used. Multivariate analysis with logistic and Cox models determined significant variables.', 'Of the 738 oesophagectomies, 48 (6.5%) had splenectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to a minority of patients; none subsequently had splenectomy. There were significant differences between types of operation (Ivor-Lewis 18 (9.0%), left thoracolaparotomy 14 (9.9%) and left thoracophrenotomy 15 (3.9%), p=0.01). Splenectomy was more common with advanced N stage disease (OR=0.44 [0.20-0.95]; p=0.04). Splenectomy resulted in more blood transfusions (median, 2 units vs 0 units; p=0.03) more anastomotic leaks (7 [14.6%] vs 42 [6.1%]; p=0.02) but not an increase in pulmonary complications (p=0.64) or in-hospital mortality (1 [4.6%] vs 37 [5.4%]; p=0.30). Splenectomy did not significantly affect median survival (551 [332-770] days vs 627 [554-700] days; p=0.63).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagectomy', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Penicillin V', 'Penicillins', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Splenectomy', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,374,763 | Does transvaginal ultrasound after first-trimester uterine evacuation reduce the incidence of retained products of conception? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the incidence of retained products of conception (RPOC) in relation to transvaginal ultrasound performed after first-trimester uterine evacuation.",
"This was a prospective randomized study involving 809 women undergoing first-trimester uterine evacuation. The study group included 404 women in whom transvaginal sonography was performed at the end of the surgical procedure and the control group contained 405 women who did not undergo ultrasound examination. Initially, in the study group, recurettage was immediately performed if the endometrium appeared irregular but latterly only if endometrial thickness was > or = 8 mm. The patients were followed up by gynecological and ultrasound examinations 5-8 days following the surgical procedure.",
"The total complication rate was 4.3%. RPOC presented in three women in the study group (0.7%) and in 15 women in the control group (3.7%, P < 0.05). Vaginal bleeding requiring hospitalization occurred in two women in the study group (0.5%) vs. seven in the control group (1.7%, P = 0.2). Endometritis was diagnosed in one woman in the study group (0.2%) vs. six in the control group (1.5%) and uterine perforation occurred in one woman in the control group vs. none in the study group. There were no cases of RPOC in women who had an endometrial thickness of < 8 mm as demonstrated by ultrasound at the end of the surgical procedure."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abortion, Incomplete",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hysteroscopy",
"Middle Aged",
"Placenta, Retained",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Trimester, First",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ultrasonography, Prenatal",
"Vacuum Curettage"
]
} | Transvaginal sonography immediately following first-trimester uterine evacuation may reduce the incidence of RPOC and the total complication rate. When the endometrial thickness is > or = 8 mm at the end of suction curettage, an attempt at re-evacuation of the uterine cavity is indicated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transvaginal ultrasound after first-trimester uterine evacuation reduce the incidence of retained products of conception?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the incidence of retained products of conception (RPOC) in relation to transvaginal ultrasound performed after first-trimester uterine evacuation.', 'This was a prospective randomized study involving 809 women undergoing first-trimester uterine evacuation. The study group included 404 women in whom transvaginal sonography was performed at the end of the surgical procedure and the control group contained 405 women who did not undergo ultrasound examination. Initially, in the study group, recurettage was immediately performed if the endometrium appeared irregular but latterly only if endometrial thickness was > or = 8 mm. The patients were followed up by gynecological and ultrasound examinations 5-8 days following the surgical procedure.', 'The total complication rate was 4.3%. RPOC presented in three women in the study group (0.7%) and in 15 women in the control group (3.7%, P < 0.05). Vaginal bleeding requiring hospitalization occurred in two women in the study group (0.5%) vs. seven in the control group (1.7%, P = 0.2). Endometritis was diagnosed in one woman in the study group (0.2%) vs. six in the control group (1.5%) and uterine perforation occurred in one woman in the control group vs. none in the study group. There were no cases of RPOC in women who had an endometrial thickness of < 8 mm as demonstrated by ultrasound at the end of the surgical procedure.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abortion, Incomplete', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hysteroscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Placenta, Retained', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'Vacuum Curettage']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,977 | Does repeated administration of adenovector in the eye result in efficient gene delivery? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether repeat administration of an adenovector (Ad) into the eye results in efficient gene delivery and to test whether transgenes can be expressed from an adenovector expression system in the presence of preexisting, neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies.",
"To assess the efficiency of repeated gene delivery of an adenovector expression system, C57Bl/6 mice received one, two, or three injections (intravitreal [IVT] or periocular [PO]) of AdNull.11D (empty cassette) at 2-week intervals, followed by a single AdLuciferase (AdL.11D) IVT or PO injection. Mice were killed approximately 24 hours after AdL.11D injection and the eyes were enucleated and stored until assayed. Serum samples were also analyzed to determine whether repeated IVT or PO injections lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against an adenovector delivery system. To determine whether preexisting neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies would block transgene expression, mice were preimmunized with one, two, or three intramuscular (IM) injection(s) of AdNull.11D (1 x 10(9) particle units [pu]). Fourteen days later, when systemic anti-Ad antibody titers were expected to exist, mice were given a single AdL.11D injection (IVT or PO) and killed, and the eyes and serum collected.",
"These studies show that multiple injections at 2-week intervals with adenovectors (IM, IVT, or PO) did not prevent transgene expression in the eye. Moreover, measurement of neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers revealed that measurable anti-Ad antibody titers in mice did not ablate transgene expression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Viral",
"Eye",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Injections",
"Luciferases",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Retreatment",
"Transgenes",
"Vitreous Body"
]
} | These studies suggest that transgene expression after repeated adenovector administration into the eye is feasible and repeated injections, whether given IVT or PO, do not lead to an immediate increase in neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers. Moreover, preimmunization of mice by systemic exposure to adenovector, does not block transgene expression in the eye. These studies indicate that repeat administration of adenovectors (IVT and PO) into the eye can be considered in designing future clinical trials and that the pre-existence of neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies probably does not mitigate activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does repeated administration of adenovector in the eye result in efficient gene delivery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether repeat administration of an adenovector (Ad) into the eye results in efficient gene delivery and to test whether transgenes can be expressed from an adenovector expression system in the presence of preexisting, neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies.', 'To assess the efficiency of repeated gene delivery of an adenovector expression system, C57Bl/6 mice received one, two, or three injections (intravitreal [IVT] or periocular [PO]) of AdNull.11D (empty cassette) at 2-week intervals, followed by a single AdLuciferase (AdL.11D) IVT or PO injection. Mice were killed approximately 24 hours after AdL.11D injection and the eyes were enucleated and stored until assayed. Serum samples were also analyzed to determine whether repeated IVT or PO injections lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against an adenovector delivery system. To determine whether preexisting neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies would block transgene expression, mice were preimmunized with one, two, or three intramuscular (IM) injection(s) of AdNull.11D (1 x 10(9) particle units [pu]). Fourteen days later, when systemic anti-Ad antibody titers were expected to exist, mice were given a single AdL.11D injection (IVT or PO) and killed, and the eyes and serum collected.', 'These studies show that multiple injections at 2-week intervals with adenovectors (IM, IVT, or PO) did not prevent transgene expression in the eye. Moreover, measurement of neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers revealed that measurable anti-Ad antibody titers in mice did not ablate transgene expression.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Eye', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Injections', 'Luciferases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Retreatment', 'Transgenes', 'Vitreous Body']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,384,971 | Does matrix metalloproteinase-9 amplify the immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.",
"Gene array and selective real-time PCR examined MMP expression in the cornea of susceptible (C57BL/6, B6) versus resistant (BALB/c) mice before and after infection; zymography tested enzyme activity for MMP-2 and -9. Clinical score, Langerhans cell (LC), and Neutrophil (PMN) quantitation were done in recombinant (r) MMP-9, antibody neutralized, and MMP-9(-/-) mice. The chemotactic potential of MMP-9 was tested in a Boyden chamber assay; light and transmission microscopy and immunostaining for collagen IV and MMP-9 were used to examine the effects and the source of MMP-9 after infection. ELISA was used to assess IL-1beta and MIP-2 levels.",
"Gene array (confirmed by PCR) revealed sixfold more MMP-9, and zymography showed greater enzyme activity in the infected cornea of B6 over BALB/c mice. rMMP-9 injection of BALB/c mice enhanced, whereas MMP-9 antibody neutralization in B6 mice and its absence in MMP-9(-/-) mice decreased corneal disease. MMP-9(-/-) and antibody neutralized mice had fewer LCs in cornea; rMMP-9-treated mice had more. A myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay showed a similar pattern for PMN. MMP-9 was not chemotactic for LC or PMN. The basement membrane was more intact in MMP-9(-/-) over wild-type infected mice and correlated with staining for collagen IV; PMN was a source of MMP-9. IL-1beta and MIP-2 were increased in rMMP-9 but decreased in MMP-9 antibody neutralized and MMP-9(-/-) over control groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibody Formation",
"Chemokine CXCL2",
"Chemokines",
"Chemotaxis, Leukocyte",
"Collagen Type IV",
"Corneal Ulcer",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Eye Infections, Bacterial",
"Female",
"Immunity, Innate",
"Interleukin-1",
"Langerhans Cells",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Neutrophils",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Pseudomonas Infections",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | MMP-9 regulates immune function in cornea by proteolysis, potentiating P. aeruginosa keratitis by degrading collagen IV and upregulating chemotactic cytokines/chemokines IL-1beta and MIP-2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does matrix metalloproteinase-9 amplify the immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.', 'Gene array and selective real-time PCR examined MMP expression in the cornea of susceptible (C57BL/6, B6) versus resistant (BALB/c) mice before and after infection; zymography tested enzyme activity for MMP-2 and -9. Clinical score, Langerhans cell (LC), and Neutrophil (PMN) quantitation were done in recombinant (r) MMP-9, antibody neutralized, and MMP-9(-/-) mice. The chemotactic potential of MMP-9 was tested in a Boyden chamber assay; light and transmission microscopy and immunostaining for collagen IV and MMP-9 were used to examine the effects and the source of MMP-9 after infection. ELISA was used to assess IL-1beta and MIP-2 levels.', 'Gene array (confirmed by PCR) revealed sixfold more MMP-9, and zymography showed greater enzyme activity in the infected cornea of B6 over BALB/c mice. rMMP-9 injection of BALB/c mice enhanced, whereas MMP-9 antibody neutralization in B6 mice and its absence in MMP-9(-/-) mice decreased corneal disease. MMP-9(-/-) and antibody neutralized mice had fewer LCs in cornea; rMMP-9-treated mice had more. A myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay showed a similar pattern for PMN. MMP-9 was not chemotactic for LC or PMN. The basement membrane was more intact in MMP-9(-/-) over wild-type infected mice and correlated with staining for collagen IV; PMN was a source of MMP-9. IL-1beta and MIP-2 were increased in rMMP-9 but decreased in MMP-9 antibody neutralized and MMP-9(-/-) over control groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'Chemokine CXCL2', 'Chemokines', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Collagen Type IV', 'Corneal Ulcer', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Eye Infections, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interleukin-1', 'Langerhans Cells', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neutrophils', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,265 | Is among inflammation and coagulation markers , PAI-1 a true component of the metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether leukocyte count, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) are increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).",
"Cross-sectional study.",
"A total of 520 overweight and obese subjects: 379 women and 141 men, visiting the weight management clinic of a University Hospital.",
"Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose were determined, and the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria was assessed. In 349 subjects, data on the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and albumin excretion rate were available and the WHO criteria were applied. Insulin resistance was defined using the HOMA-IR index.",
"Subjects with the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria had significantly higher levels of leukocyte count (P < 0.001) and PAI-1 (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were found for fibrinogen or vWF (P > 0.05). Using the WHO criteria, similar results were found except for vWF, where higher levels were found in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. When subjects were classified according to the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, levels of leukocyte count, vWF and PAI-1 activity were significantly different (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis PAI-1, gender and leukocyte count were independent determinants of the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Fibrinogen",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Obesity",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Waist-Hip Ratio",
"World Health Organization",
"von Willebrand Factor"
]
} | Evidence for being a true component of the metabolic syndrome is strong for PAI-1, less for leukocyte count and weak for vWF and fibrinogen. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is among inflammation and coagulation markers , PAI-1 a true component of the metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether leukocyte count, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) are increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'A total of 520 overweight and obese subjects: 379 women and 141 men, visiting the weight management clinic of a University Hospital.', 'Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose were determined, and the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria was assessed. In 349 subjects, data on the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and albumin excretion rate were available and the WHO criteria were applied. Insulin resistance was defined using the HOMA-IR index.', 'Subjects with the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria had significantly higher levels of leukocyte count (P < 0.001) and PAI-1 (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were found for fibrinogen or vWF (P > 0.05). Using the WHO criteria, similar results were found except for vWF, where higher levels were found in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. When subjects were classified according to the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, levels of leukocyte count, vWF and PAI-1 activity were significantly different (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis PAI-1, gender and leukocyte count were independent determinants of the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Obesity', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Waist-Hip Ratio', 'World Health Organization', 'von Willebrand Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,193 | Does local granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improve incisional wound healing in adriamycin-treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Neoadjuvant treatment is often given for locally advanced malignancies; however, clinical and experimental studies have shown that some chemotherapeutic agents impair wound healing. It has been reported that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) applied locally improves dermal wound healing. Thus, we investigated the effects of locally injected GM-CSF on abdominal wounds impaired by adriamycin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.",
"We divided 120 female Sprague-Dawley rats into five treatment groups of 24 rats. Group 1 received saline 8 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) + laparotomy 14 days later (control); group 2 received 8 mg/kg i.v. adriamycin + laparotomy 14 days later; group 3 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; group 4 received saline 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; and group 5 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + systemic GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later. Sutures were removed on postoperative day (POD) 7 in all five groups, and the abdominal bursting pressures were measured and recorded. Tissue samples were taken from the incision line for histopathological evaluation and hydroxyproline content measurement.",
"The bursting pressure was significantly lower in groups 2 and 5 than in groups 1, 3, and 4. The hydroxyproline content and histopathological findings supported this result."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Wall",
"Animals",
"Antibiotics, Antineoplastic",
"Doxorubicin",
"Female",
"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | The local injection of GM-CSF improved impaired wound healing in adriamycin-treated rats. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does local granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improve incisional wound healing in adriamycin-treated rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Neoadjuvant treatment is often given for locally advanced malignancies; however, clinical and experimental studies have shown that some chemotherapeutic agents impair wound healing. It has been reported that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) applied locally improves dermal wound healing. Thus, we investigated the effects of locally injected GM-CSF on abdominal wounds impaired by adriamycin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.', 'We divided 120 female Sprague-Dawley rats into five treatment groups of 24 rats. Group 1 received saline 8 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) + laparotomy 14 days later (control); group 2 received 8 mg/kg i.v. adriamycin + laparotomy 14 days later; group 3 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; group 4 received saline 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; and group 5 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + systemic GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later. Sutures were removed on postoperative day (POD) 7 in all five groups, and the abdominal bursting pressures were measured and recorded. Tissue samples were taken from the incision line for histopathological evaluation and hydroxyproline content measurement.', 'The bursting pressure was significantly lower in groups 2 and 5 than in groups 1, 3, and 4. The hydroxyproline content and histopathological findings supported this result.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdominal Wall', 'Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,921 | Is platelet activity a biomarker of cardiac necrosis and predictive of untoward clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary stenting? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between platelet activity and myocardial injury in patients with ST-segment elevated (ST-se) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that platelet activity (expressed by CD62p) is enhanced and predictive of both the extent of myocardial damage and 30-day clinical outcome in patients with ST-se AMI undergoing primary coronary stenting.",
"Platelet CD62p expression prior to coronary angiographic was prospectively measured using flow cytometry in 45 consecutive patients with AMI undergoing primary coronary stenting. The CD62p expression was also evaluated in 20 healthy and 20 at-risk control subjects. The CD62p expression was significantly higher in AMI patients than in healthy and at-risk control subjects (all p values <0.0001). Patients with high CD62p expression (>or=8%) had significantly higher creatine kinase-MB (p<0.0001) levels, higher incidence of cardiogenic shock (p=0.009) upon presentation, significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.0003), and significantly higher incidence of 30-day composite major adverse clinical outcomes (MACO) (advanced congestive heart failure >or=class 3 or 30-day mortality) (p<0.0001) than those patients with low CD62p expression (<8%). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only high CD62p expression (>or=8%) was an independent predictor of 30-day MACO (all p<0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Platelets",
"Blood Specimen Collection",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Necrosis",
"P-Selectin",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Reference Values",
"Risk Factors",
"Stents",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Platelet activation was significantly increased in patients with ST-se AMI. Initial CD62p expression was independently associated with extent of myocardial damage and 30-day MACO. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is platelet activity a biomarker of cardiac necrosis and predictive of untoward clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary stenting?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The relationship between platelet activity and myocardial injury in patients with ST-segment elevated (ST-se) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that platelet activity (expressed by CD62p) is enhanced and predictive of both the extent of myocardial damage and 30-day clinical outcome in patients with ST-se AMI undergoing primary coronary stenting.', 'Platelet CD62p expression prior to coronary angiographic was prospectively measured using flow cytometry in 45 consecutive patients with AMI undergoing primary coronary stenting. The CD62p expression was also evaluated in 20 healthy and 20 at-risk control subjects. The CD62p expression was significantly higher in AMI patients than in healthy and at-risk control subjects (all p values <0.0001). Patients with high CD62p expression (>or=8%) had significantly higher creatine kinase-MB (p<0.0001) levels, higher incidence of cardiogenic shock (p=0.009) upon presentation, significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.0003), and significantly higher incidence of 30-day composite major adverse clinical outcomes (MACO) (advanced congestive heart failure >or=class 3 or 30-day mortality) (p<0.0001) than those patients with low CD62p expression (<8%). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only high CD62p expression (>or=8%) was an independent predictor of 30-day MACO (all p<0.0001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Platelets', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Necrosis', 'P-Selectin', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,371 | Does anther cap retention prevent self-pollination by elaterid beetles in the South African orchid Eulophia foliosa? | {
"contexts": [
"Pollination by insects that spend long periods visiting many flowers on a plant may impose a higher risk of facilitated self-pollination. Orchids and asclepiads are particularly at risk as their pollen is packaged as pollinia and so can be deposited on self-stigmas en masse. Many orchids and asclepiads have adaptations to limit self-deposition of pollinia, including gradual reconfiguration of pollinaria following removal. Here an unusual mechanism--anther cap retention--that appears to prevent self-pollination in the South African orchid Eulophia foliosa is examined.",
"Visits to inflorescences in the field were observed and pollinators collected. Visitation rates to transplanted inflorescences were compared between a site where putative pollinators were abundant and a site where they were rare. Anther cap retention times were determined for removed pollinaria and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit was recorded concurrently. Anther cap anatomy was examined using light microscopy.",
"Eulophia foliosa is pollinated almost exclusively by Cardiophorus obliquemaculatus (Elateridae) beetles, which remain on the deceptive inflorescences for on average 301 s (n = 18). The anther cap that covers the pollinarium is retained for an average of 512 s (n = 24) after pollinarium removal by beetles. In all populations measured, anther cap dimensions are greater than those of the stigmatic cavity, thus precluding the deposition of self-pollinia until after the anther cap has dropped. An anatomical investigation of this mechanism suggests that differential water loss from regions of the anther cap results in opening of the anther cap flaps. This is supported by observations that as atmospheric vapour pressure deficits increased, the duration of anther cap retention was reduced."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Breeding",
"Coleoptera",
"Flowers",
"Orchidaceae",
"Pollen",
"South Africa"
]
} | Flowers of E. foliosa are specialized for pollination by elaterid beetles. Retention of anther caps for a period exceeding average visit times by beetles to inflorescences appears to prevent facilitated self-pollination in E. foliosa effectively. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does anther cap retention prevent self-pollination by elaterid beetles in the South African orchid Eulophia foliosa?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pollination by insects that spend long periods visiting many flowers on a plant may impose a higher risk of facilitated self-pollination. Orchids and asclepiads are particularly at risk as their pollen is packaged as pollinia and so can be deposited on self-stigmas en masse. Many orchids and asclepiads have adaptations to limit self-deposition of pollinia, including gradual reconfiguration of pollinaria following removal. Here an unusual mechanism--anther cap retention--that appears to prevent self-pollination in the South African orchid Eulophia foliosa is examined.', 'Visits to inflorescences in the field were observed and pollinators collected. Visitation rates to transplanted inflorescences were compared between a site where putative pollinators were abundant and a site where they were rare. Anther cap retention times were determined for removed pollinaria and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit was recorded concurrently. Anther cap anatomy was examined using light microscopy.', 'Eulophia foliosa is pollinated almost exclusively by Cardiophorus obliquemaculatus (Elateridae) beetles, which remain on the deceptive inflorescences for on average 301 s (n = 18). The anther cap that covers the pollinarium is retained for an average of 512 s (n = 24) after pollinarium removal by beetles. In all populations measured, anther cap dimensions are greater than those of the stigmatic cavity, thus precluding the deposition of self-pollinia until after the anther cap has dropped. An anatomical investigation of this mechanism suggests that differential water loss from regions of the anther cap results in opening of the anther cap flaps. This is supported by observations that as atmospheric vapour pressure deficits increased, the duration of anther cap retention was reduced.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Breeding', 'Coleoptera', 'Flowers', 'Orchidaceae', 'Pollen', 'South Africa']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,605 | Does transforming growth factor beta 1 induce neointima formation through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-dependent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"The mechanisms through which transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 promotes intimal growth, and the pathways through which TGF-beta1 expression is regulated in the artery wall, are incompletely understood. We used a mouse model to investigate mechanisms of TGF-beta1-induced intimal growth.",
"Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TGF-beta1 in uninjured carotid arteries of wild-type mice induced formation of a cellular and matrix-rich intima. Intimal growth appeared primarily due to cell migration and matrix accumulation, with only a negligible contribution from cell proliferation. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 also stimulated expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1) in the artery wall. To test the hypothesis that PAI-1 is a critical downstream mediator of TGF-beta1-induced intimal growth, we transduced carotid arteries of PAI-1-deficient (Serpine1(-/-)) mice with the TGF-beta1-expressing vector. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 in Serpine1(-/-) arteries did not increase intimal growth, matrix accumulation, cell migration, or proliferation. Moreover, TGF-beta1-transduced arteries of Serpine1(-/-) mice secreted 6- to 10-fold more TGF-beta1 than did arteries of wild-type mice that were infused with the same concentration of the TGF-beta1-expressing vector."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Animals",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"Serpins",
"Signal Transduction",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | PAI-1 is both a critical mediator of TGF-beta1-induced intimal growth and a key negative regulator of TGF-beta1 expression in the artery wall. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transforming growth factor beta 1 induce neointima formation through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-dependent pathways?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The mechanisms through which transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 promotes intimal growth, and the pathways through which TGF-beta1 expression is regulated in the artery wall, are incompletely understood. We used a mouse model to investigate mechanisms of TGF-beta1-induced intimal growth.', 'Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TGF-beta1 in uninjured carotid arteries of wild-type mice induced formation of a cellular and matrix-rich intima. Intimal growth appeared primarily due to cell migration and matrix accumulation, with only a negligible contribution from cell proliferation. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 also stimulated expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1) in the artery wall. To test the hypothesis that PAI-1 is a critical downstream mediator of TGF-beta1-induced intimal growth, we transduced carotid arteries of PAI-1-deficient (Serpine1(-/-)) mice with the TGF-beta1-expressing vector. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 in Serpine1(-/-) arteries did not increase intimal growth, matrix accumulation, cell migration, or proliferation. Moreover, TGF-beta1-transduced arteries of Serpine1(-/-) mice secreted 6- to 10-fold more TGF-beta1 than did arteries of wild-type mice that were infused with the same concentration of the TGF-beta1-expressing vector.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Serpins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,675 | Does a new experimental approach for studying bacterial genomic island evolution identify island genes with bacterial host-specific expression patterns? | {
"contexts": [
"Genomic islands are regions of bacterial genomes that have been acquired by horizontal transfer and often contain blocks of genes that function together for specific processes. Recently, it has become clear that the impact of genomic islands on the evolution of different bacterial species is significant and represents a major force in establishing bacterial genomic variation. However, the study of genomic island evolution has been mostly performed at the sequence level using computer software or hybridization analysis to compare different bacterial genomic sequences. We describe here a novel experimental approach to study the evolution of species-specific bacterial genomic islands that identifies island genes that have evolved in such a way that they are differentially-expressed depending on the bacterial host background into which they are transferred.",
"We demonstrate this approach by using a \"test\" genomic island that we have cloned from the Salmonella typhimurium genome (island 4305) and transferred to a range of Gram negative bacterial hosts of differing evolutionary relationships to S. typhimurium. Systematic analysis of the expression of the island genes in the different hosts compared to proper controls allowed identification of genes with genera-specific expression patterns. The data from the analysis can be arranged in a matrix to give an expression \"array\" of the island genes in the different bacterial backgrounds. A conserved 19-bp DNA site was found upstream of at least two of the differentially-expressed island genes. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis of horizontally-transferred genomic island gene expression in a broad range of Gram negative hosts. We also present evidence in this study that the IS200 element found in island 4305 in S. typhimurium strain LT2 was inserted after the island had already been acquired by the S. typhimurium lineage and that this element is likely not involved in the integration or excision of island 4305."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bacteria",
"Cloning, Molecular",
"Conserved Sequence",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial",
"Genes, Bacterial",
"Genome, Bacterial",
"Phylogeny",
"RNA, Bacterial",
"RNA, Transfer",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Salmonella typhimurium"
]
} | The "clone-and-transfer" approach of evolutionary study identifies genes whose expression patterns indicate the existence of genera-specific regulatory mechanisms that influence the expression of horizontally-transferred DNA sections. The results provide key information that can be used to facilitate the identification of these regulatory mechanisms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a new experimental approach for studying bacterial genomic island evolution identify island genes with bacterial host-specific expression patterns?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genomic islands are regions of bacterial genomes that have been acquired by horizontal transfer and often contain blocks of genes that function together for specific processes. Recently, it has become clear that the impact of genomic islands on the evolution of different bacterial species is significant and represents a major force in establishing bacterial genomic variation. However, the study of genomic island evolution has been mostly performed at the sequence level using computer software or hybridization analysis to compare different bacterial genomic sequences. We describe here a novel experimental approach to study the evolution of species-specific bacterial genomic islands that identifies island genes that have evolved in such a way that they are differentially-expressed depending on the bacterial host background into which they are transferred.', 'We demonstrate this approach by using a \"test\" genomic island that we have cloned from the Salmonella typhimurium genome (island 4305) and transferred to a range of Gram negative bacterial hosts of differing evolutionary relationships to S. typhimurium. Systematic analysis of the expression of the island genes in the different hosts compared to proper controls allowed identification of genes with genera-specific expression patterns. The data from the analysis can be arranged in a matrix to give an expression \"array\" of the island genes in the different bacterial backgrounds. A conserved 19-bp DNA site was found upstream of at least two of the differentially-expressed island genes. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis of horizontally-transferred genomic island gene expression in a broad range of Gram negative hosts. We also present evidence in this study that the IS200 element found in island 4305 in S. typhimurium strain LT2 was inserted after the island had already been acquired by the S. typhimurium lineage and that this element is likely not involved in the integration or excision of island 4305.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bacteria', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Transfer', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Salmonella typhimurium']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,511 | Does interleukin-6 modulate production of T lymphocyte-derived cytokines in antigen-induced arthritis and drives inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the cellular mediators of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and the relative contribution of members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in AIA.",
"AIA was induced in mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes, IL-6 (IL-6(-/-)), TNF (TNF(-/-)), IL-11 receptor, and oncostatin M receptor, by immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) followed 7 days later by intraarticular injection of mBSA. Arthritis severity was assessed histologically, and T lymphocyte responses were assessed in vitro. Anti-TNF neutralizing antibody was administered to wild-type mice during AIA. Bone marrow osteoclasts were generated in vitro via culture with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor.",
"AIA was dependent on CD4+ T lymphocytes, but not CD8+ T lymphocytes or B cells. IL-6(-/-) mice had reduced AIA severity and fewer osteoclasts at sites of bone erosion. This protective effect was not seen with a deficiency of other IL-6 family members and was similar to that in TNF(-/-) mice or wild-type mice receiving TNF blockade treatment. IL-6(-/-) CD4+ T lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes had reduced antigen-induced proliferation and produced less IL-17 and less RANKL, relative to osteoprotegerin, than cells from wild-type mice. Bone marrow from IL-6(-/-) mice generated fewer osteoclasts in vitro than bone marrow from either wild-type or TNF(-/-) mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antigens",
"Arthritis",
"Cytokines",
"Interleukin-6",
"Mice",
"Osteoclasts",
"T-Lymphocytes"
]
} | AIA is driven by CD4+ T lymphocytes. IL-6 is an important mediator of bone destruction in AIA because it regulates T lymphocyte production of key osteoclastogenic cytokines and inflammation-induced bone marrow osteoclast differentiation. These findings have implications for reducing bone and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interleukin-6 modulate production of T lymphocyte-derived cytokines in antigen-induced arthritis and drives inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the cellular mediators of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and the relative contribution of members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in AIA.', 'AIA was induced in mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes, IL-6 (IL-6(-/-)), TNF (TNF(-/-)), IL-11 receptor, and oncostatin M receptor, by immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) followed 7 days later by intraarticular injection of mBSA. Arthritis severity was assessed histologically, and T lymphocyte responses were assessed in vitro. Anti-TNF neutralizing antibody was administered to wild-type mice during AIA. Bone marrow osteoclasts were generated in vitro via culture with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor.', 'AIA was dependent on CD4+ T lymphocytes, but not CD8+ T lymphocytes or B cells. IL-6(-/-) mice had reduced AIA severity and fewer osteoclasts at sites of bone erosion. This protective effect was not seen with a deficiency of other IL-6 family members and was similar to that in TNF(-/-) mice or wild-type mice receiving TNF blockade treatment. IL-6(-/-) CD4+ T lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes had reduced antigen-induced proliferation and produced less IL-17 and less RANKL, relative to osteoprotegerin, than cells from wild-type mice. Bone marrow from IL-6(-/-) mice generated fewer osteoclasts in vitro than bone marrow from either wild-type or TNF(-/-) mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antigens', 'Arthritis', 'Cytokines', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mice', 'Osteoclasts', 'T-Lymphocytes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,120 | Are [ Withdrawal symptoms of ethanol ameliorated by thymopentin in mice ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of thymopentin (TP5) on the choice of ethanol and ameliorating withdrawal symptoms (anxiety) of ethanol in mice.",
"Mice were administered ethanol (v/v) in schedular fashion: 5% (1 week), 10% (1 week) and 15% (4 weeks), followed with the free choice between ethanol and water. Ethanol/(ethanol+water)x100% [E/(E+W)x100%] was measured as an index of ethanol selection. Light-dark box test and elevated plus maze test were chosen for the assessment of anxiety pre-drug and post-drug. After TP5 [0.2 mg/(kgxd), 0.4 mg/(kgxd)], i.p. or saline (vehicle control), i.p. for 14 days, the procedure was repeated.",
"(1) E/(E+W)x100%: the post-drug values of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were lower significantly than the pre-drug values. (2) Light-dark box test: the post-drug values of number of entries and time spent in the light chamber of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of saline. (3) Elevated plus maze test: the post-drug values of time spent on open arms of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of salineìand the post-drug values of time spent on close arms of TP5 were less than the pre-drug values."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adjuvants, Immunologic",
"Animals",
"Anxiety",
"Ethanol",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Random Allocation",
"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome",
"Thymopentin"
]
} | TP5 could decrease the uptake of ethanol and ameliorate anxious behavior associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are [ Withdrawal symptoms of ethanol ameliorated by thymopentin in mice ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the effect of thymopentin (TP5) on the choice of ethanol and ameliorating withdrawal symptoms (anxiety) of ethanol in mice.', 'Mice were administered ethanol (v/v) in schedular fashion: 5% (1 week), 10% (1 week) and 15% (4 weeks), followed with the free choice between ethanol and water. Ethanol/(ethanol+water)x100% [E/(E+W)x100%] was measured as an index of ethanol selection. Light-dark box test and elevated plus maze test were chosen for the assessment of anxiety pre-drug and post-drug. After TP5 [0.2 mg/(kgxd), 0.4 mg/(kgxd)], i.p. or saline (vehicle control), i.p. for 14 days, the procedure was repeated.', '(1) E/(E+W)x100%: the post-drug values of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were lower significantly than the pre-drug values. (2) Light-dark box test: the post-drug values of number of entries and time spent in the light chamber of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of saline. (3) Elevated plus maze test: the post-drug values of time spent on open arms of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of salineìand the post-drug values of time spent on close arms of TP5 were less than the pre-drug values.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Anxiety', 'Ethanol', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Random Allocation', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Thymopentin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,896 | Is impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy a heterogeneous metabolic disorder as defined by the glycemic response to the oral glucose tolerance test? | {
"contexts": [
"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined by two abnormal glucose values on a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is associated with insulin resistance and a low serum concentration of adiponectin. The metabolic implications of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of pregnancy (i.e., a single abnormal value on an OGTT), however, are not well established. We sought to evaluate the metabolic phenotype of pregnant women with IGT in relation to the timing of their isolated hyperglycemia.",
"A cross-sectional study was performed in pregnant women undergoing a 3-h, 100-g OGTT. The OGTT stratified participants into four groups: 1) GDM (n = 48), 2) 1-h IGT (single elevated value at 1 h) (n = 15), 3) 2-h/3-h IGT (single elevated value at either 2 or 3 h) (n = 23), and 4) normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 93). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the validated insulin sensitivity index (IS(OGTT)) of Matsuda and DeFronzo.",
"Measures of severity of glycemia (fasting glucose, area under the glucose curve from the OGTT, and glucose challenge test result) were highest in the GDM group, followed by the 1-h IGT, 2-h/3-h IGT, and NGT groups, respectively (each trend P < 0.0001). Consistent with this finding, IS(OGTT) was highest in the NGT group (5.1), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (4.6), 1-h IGT (3.8), and GDM (3.2) groups (trend P < 0.0001). Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis of IS(OGTT), both GDM and 1-h IGT were independently associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (whereas 2-h/3-h IGT was not). Mean adjusted adiponectin was highest in the NGT group (15.7 microg/ml), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (15.6 microg/ml), 1-h IGT (13.7 microg/ml), and GDM (12.0 microg/ml) groups (trend P = 0.0024)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Adult",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes, Gestational",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Glucose Intolerance",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Humans",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications",
"Reference Values"
]
} | The metabolic implications of IGT in pregnancy vary in relation to the timing of the abnormal glucose value from the diagnostic OGTT. The metabolic phenotype associated with 1-h IGT resembles that of GDM, whereas the phenotype associated with 2-h/3-h IGT exhibits similarity to that of NGT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy a heterogeneous metabolic disorder as defined by the glycemic response to the oral glucose tolerance test?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined by two abnormal glucose values on a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is associated with insulin resistance and a low serum concentration of adiponectin. The metabolic implications of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of pregnancy (i.e., a single abnormal value on an OGTT), however, are not well established. We sought to evaluate the metabolic phenotype of pregnant women with IGT in relation to the timing of their isolated hyperglycemia.', 'A cross-sectional study was performed in pregnant women undergoing a 3-h, 100-g OGTT. The OGTT stratified participants into four groups: 1) GDM (n = 48), 2) 1-h IGT (single elevated value at 1 h) (n = 15), 3) 2-h/3-h IGT (single elevated value at either 2 or 3 h) (n = 23), and 4) normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 93). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the validated insulin sensitivity index (IS(OGTT)) of Matsuda and DeFronzo.', 'Measures of severity of glycemia (fasting glucose, area under the glucose curve from the OGTT, and glucose challenge test result) were highest in the GDM group, followed by the 1-h IGT, 2-h/3-h IGT, and NGT groups, respectively (each trend P < 0.0001). Consistent with this finding, IS(OGTT) was highest in the NGT group (5.1), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (4.6), 1-h IGT (3.8), and GDM (3.2) groups (trend P < 0.0001). Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis of IS(OGTT), both GDM and 1-h IGT were independently associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (whereas 2-h/3-h IGT was not). Mean adjusted adiponectin was highest in the NGT group (15.7 microg/ml), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (15.6 microg/ml), 1-h IGT (13.7 microg/ml), and GDM (12.0 microg/ml) groups (trend P = 0.0024).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,645 | Do antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Determine whether antioxidant supplements alter the plasma glutathione and/or cysteine redox potential in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.",
"This was an ancillary study to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), where subset of AREDS subjects at two sites were studied at two time points, an average of 1.7 and 6.7 years after enrollment.",
"Plasma glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), cysteine (Cys), and cystine (CySS) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and redox potentials of GSH/GSSG (E(h) GSH) and Cys/CySS (E(h) Cys) were calculated. The means of the metabolites and redox potentials were compared by repeated-measures analysis of variance for subjects receiving antioxidants and those not receiving antioxidants.",
"At the first blood draw, the means for the antioxidant group (n = 153) and no antioxidant group (n = 159) were not significantly different for any of the metabolites or redox potentials. At the second draw, the GSH parameters were not significantly different between the antioxidant (n = 37) and no antioxidant (n = 45) groups; however, mean Cys was significantly higher in the antioxidant group (9.5 vs 7.2 micromol/l, P = .008). Also, mean E(h) Cys was significantly more reduced in the antioxidant group (-74 vs -67.3 mV, P = .03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Antioxidants",
"Ascorbic Acid",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Copper",
"Cysteine",
"Cystine",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Female",
"Glutathione",
"Glutathione Disulfide",
"Humans",
"Macular Degeneration",
"Male",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
"Vitamin E",
"Zinc Oxide",
"beta Carotene"
]
} | The AREDS antioxidant supplements reduced oxidation of E(h) Cys but had no effect on GSH. Because Cys is important for cell growth, apoptosis, and immune function, the beneficial effect of antioxidant supplementation on progression to advanced AMD may be partially explained by its effect on E(h) Cys and/or its effect on Cys availability. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Determine whether antioxidant supplements alter the plasma glutathione and/or cysteine redox potential in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.', 'This was an ancillary study to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), where subset of AREDS subjects at two sites were studied at two time points, an average of 1.7 and 6.7 years after enrollment.', 'Plasma glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), cysteine (Cys), and cystine (CySS) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and redox potentials of GSH/GSSG (E(h) GSH) and Cys/CySS (E(h) Cys) were calculated. The means of the metabolites and redox potentials were compared by repeated-measures analysis of variance for subjects receiving antioxidants and those not receiving antioxidants.', 'At the first blood draw, the means for the antioxidant group (n = 153) and no antioxidant group (n = 159) were not significantly different for any of the metabolites or redox potentials. At the second draw, the GSH parameters were not significantly different between the antioxidant (n = 37) and no antioxidant (n = 45) groups; however, mean Cys was significantly higher in the antioxidant group (9.5 vs 7.2 micromol/l, P = .008). Also, mean E(h) Cys was significantly more reduced in the antioxidant group (-74 vs -67.3 mV, P = .03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Copper', 'Cysteine', 'Cystine', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Disulfide', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Vitamin E', 'Zinc Oxide', 'beta Carotene']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,765 | Is work disability in rheumatoid arthritis predicted by physical and psychological health status : a 7-year study from the Oslo RA register? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the prevalence of work disability (WD) and to identify bio-psychological factors that predicts future WD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 7-year period.",
"Patients were selected from the Oslo RA register. The prevalence of WD was studied cross-sectionally among respondents <67 years (n = 526) in a postal survey. Mean age (SD) was 51.1 (11.9) years, mean disease duration 11.3 (9.4) years, and 49% of patients were RF-positive. The patients studied for predictive factors for WD were respondents in postal surveys both at baseline and at the 7-year follow-up, in work at baseline and still in working age (<67 years) at follow-up (n = 159). Mean age at baseline (SD) was 44.5 (9.7) years, mean disease duration 8.4 (6.6) years, mean years of formal education 12.7 (3.1) years, 48% were RF-positive. Assessments included socio-demographic variables and health status measures (MHAQ, AIMS2, SF-36, fatigue and pain on VAS 0-100 mm, self efficacy, and RAI as a measure for helplessness).",
"Among the 526 respondents at baseline <67 years, the prevalence of WD was 40%. A high level of education was a predictor of reduced risk of work disability [odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1; 0.9], while female gender (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1; 8.0), physical disability (MHAQ-score) (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2; 12.5) and helplessness over median RAI-score (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.4; 6.7) were independent predictors of increased risk for new work disability over 7 years."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antirheumatic Agents",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Female",
"Health Status",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Norway",
"Prevalence",
"Registries",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Physical disability, increased helplessness, low formal education, and female gender were found to be independent risk factors for new work disability over the 7-year study period. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is work disability in rheumatoid arthritis predicted by physical and psychological health status : a 7-year study from the Oslo RA register?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the prevalence of work disability (WD) and to identify bio-psychological factors that predicts future WD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 7-year period.', 'Patients were selected from the Oslo RA register. The prevalence of WD was studied cross-sectionally among respondents <67 years (n = 526) in a postal survey. Mean age (SD) was 51.1 (11.9) years, mean disease duration 11.3 (9.4) years, and 49% of patients were RF-positive. The patients studied for predictive factors for WD were respondents in postal surveys both at baseline and at the 7-year follow-up, in work at baseline and still in working age (<67 years) at follow-up (n = 159). Mean age at baseline (SD) was 44.5 (9.7) years, mean disease duration 8.4 (6.6) years, mean years of formal education 12.7 (3.1) years, 48% were RF-positive. Assessments included socio-demographic variables and health status measures (MHAQ, AIMS2, SF-36, fatigue and pain on VAS 0-100 mm, self efficacy, and RAI as a measure for helplessness).', 'Among the 526 respondents at baseline <67 years, the prevalence of WD was 40%. A high level of education was a predictor of reduced risk of work disability [odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1; 0.9], while female gender (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1; 8.0), physical disability (MHAQ-score) (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2; 12.5) and helplessness over median RAI-score (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.4; 6.7) were independent predictors of increased risk for new work disability over 7 years.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Prevalence', 'Registries', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,850 | Does n-acetylcysteine attenuate kidney injury in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing anti-oxidant, on renal function and morphology, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR).",
"Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and either contralateral renal IR (40 min of renal arterial clamping), or sham manipulation. Treatment groups were: (1) IR-Saline, (2) IR-NAC, (3) Sham-Saline and (4) Sham-NAC. The N-acetylcysteine was administered in a dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 24, 12 and 2 h before, and 24, 48 and 72 h after, renal IR. Plasma creatinine was measured on days 1, 3 and 7 after IR, and kidney histology was assessed on day 7. In separate groups of animals we measured renal levels of the anti-oxidant glutathione, markers of systemic oxidative stress (plasma ascorbyl radical, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, on day 1 after renal IR.",
"Treatment with NAC ameliorated the decline in GFR and reduced hyperkalaemia on day 1 (P<0.05), lowered plasma creatinine levels on days 1 and 3 (P<0.05), and decreased renal interstitial inflammation on day 7 (P<0.05), after renal IR. Kidney glutathione levels decreased significantly in group IR-Saline in response to IR (P<0.05), but were completely repleted in group IR-NAC. Groups with renal IR injury and acute renal failure showed increased plasma ascorbyl radical levels, and elevated urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion, compared with sham (P<0.05). N-acetylcysteine treatment reduced plasma ascorbyl concentrations 24 h after renal IR (P<0.05), but had no effect on the rate of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Acute Kidney Injury",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Creatinine",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Glutathione",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reference Values",
"Renal Circulation",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Statistics, Nonparametric"
]
} | N-acetylcysteine improves kidney function, and reduces renal interstitial inflammation, in rats subjected to renal IR. These effects were associated with increased renal glutathione levels, and decreased plasma ascorbyl concentrations, suggesting that NAC attenuates renal and systemic oxidative stress in this model. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does n-acetylcysteine attenuate kidney injury in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing anti-oxidant, on renal function and morphology, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR).', 'Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and either contralateral renal IR (40 min of renal arterial clamping), or sham manipulation. Treatment groups were: (1) IR-Saline, (2) IR-NAC, (3) Sham-Saline and (4) Sham-NAC. The N-acetylcysteine was administered in a dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 24, 12 and 2 h before, and 24, 48 and 72 h after, renal IR. Plasma creatinine was measured on days 1, 3 and 7 after IR, and kidney histology was assessed on day 7. In separate groups of animals we measured renal levels of the anti-oxidant glutathione, markers of systemic oxidative stress (plasma ascorbyl radical, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, on day 1 after renal IR.', 'Treatment with NAC ameliorated the decline in GFR and reduced hyperkalaemia on day 1 (P<0.05), lowered plasma creatinine levels on days 1 and 3 (P<0.05), and decreased renal interstitial inflammation on day 7 (P<0.05), after renal IR. Kidney glutathione levels decreased significantly in group IR-Saline in response to IR (P<0.05), but were completely repleted in group IR-NAC. Groups with renal IR injury and acute renal failure showed increased plasma ascorbyl radical levels, and elevated urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion, compared with sham (P<0.05). N-acetylcysteine treatment reduced plasma ascorbyl concentrations 24 h after renal IR (P<0.05), but had no effect on the rate of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Acute Kidney Injury', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Creatinine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Glutathione', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reference Values', 'Renal Circulation', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,381,357 | Does laparoscopic splenectomy reduce the need for platelet transfusion in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? | {
"contexts": [
"Laparoscopic splenectomy has been increasingly used in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Because it is associated with minimal abdominal trauma, platelet consumption could be reduced with the laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study was to analyze intraoperative bleeding and the need for apheresis platelets, comparing laparoscopic with open splenectomy.",
"Records of 40 patients who underwent splenectomy (20 through laparoscopy and 20 through open surgery) for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bleeding and need of perioperative apheresis platelets were evaluated in both groups. Statistical evaluation was conducted using the Mann-Whitney rank test, and differences were considered significant at P<0.01.",
"The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was less in the laparoscopic group (P<0.01). Apheresis platelets were necessary in all patients in the open group (2 units transfused in 55% and 1 unit in 45% of cases) and only in 30% of cases in the laparoscopic group (1 unit transfused in each case)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Laparoscopy",
"Male",
"Platelet Transfusion",
"Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Splenectomy"
]
} | Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe procedure also in patients at high risk for bleeding diathesis. In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, laparoscopic splenectomy should be the gold-standard surgical treatment. Need of platelet transfusion is probably reduced when laparoscopic splenectomy is compared with open surgery in these patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does laparoscopic splenectomy reduce the need for platelet transfusion in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Laparoscopic splenectomy has been increasingly used in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Because it is associated with minimal abdominal trauma, platelet consumption could be reduced with the laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study was to analyze intraoperative bleeding and the need for apheresis platelets, comparing laparoscopic with open splenectomy.', 'Records of 40 patients who underwent splenectomy (20 through laparoscopy and 20 through open surgery) for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bleeding and need of perioperative apheresis platelets were evaluated in both groups. Statistical evaluation was conducted using the Mann-Whitney rank test, and differences were considered significant at P<0.01.', 'The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was less in the laparoscopic group (P<0.01). Apheresis platelets were necessary in all patients in the open group (2 units transfused in 55% and 1 unit in 45% of cases) and only in 30% of cases in the laparoscopic group (1 unit transfused in each case).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Platelet Transfusion', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Splenectomy']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,782 | Does pacemaker stress echocardiography predict cardiac events in patients with permanent pacemaker? | {
"contexts": [
"Noninvasive pacemaker stress echocardiography is a newly introduced method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with a permanent pacemaker. The prognostic value of pacemaker stress echocardiography has not been studied.",
"We studied 136 patients (mean age 64+/-12 years) with a permanent pacemaker who underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. All patients underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography by external programming (pacing heart rate up to ischemia or target heart rate).",
"Thirty-one patients (23%) had normal study results. Ischemia was detected in 75 patients (55%). During a mean follow-up of 3.5+/-2.4 years, 35 deaths (26%) (20 the result of cardiac causes) and 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1%) occurred. The annual cardiac death rate was 1.3% in patients without ischemia and 4.6% in patients with ischemia (P=.01). The annual all-cause mortality rate was 3.1% in patients without ischemia and 7% in patients with ischemia (P=.004). The presence of ischemia during pacemaker stress echocardiography was the strongest independent predictor of cardiac death (hazard ratio 4.1, confidence interval 1.2-14.5) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.7, confidence interval 1.2-6.0) in a multivariable model."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Death, Sudden, Cardiac",
"Echocardiography, Stress",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Pacemaker, Artificial",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Myocardial ischemia during pacemaker stress echocardiography is an independent predictor of cardiac death and all-cause mortality in patients with a permanent pacemaker. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pacemaker stress echocardiography predict cardiac events in patients with permanent pacemaker?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Noninvasive pacemaker stress echocardiography is a newly introduced method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with a permanent pacemaker. The prognostic value of pacemaker stress echocardiography has not been studied.', 'We studied 136 patients (mean age 64+/-12 years) with a permanent pacemaker who underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. All patients underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography by external programming (pacing heart rate up to ischemia or target heart rate).', 'Thirty-one patients (23%) had normal study results. Ischemia was detected in 75 patients (55%). During a mean follow-up of 3.5+/-2.4 years, 35 deaths (26%) (20 the result of cardiac causes) and 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1%) occurred. The annual cardiac death rate was 1.3% in patients without ischemia and 4.6% in patients with ischemia (P=.01). The annual all-cause mortality rate was 3.1% in patients without ischemia and 7% in patients with ischemia (P=.004). The presence of ischemia during pacemaker stress echocardiography was the strongest independent predictor of cardiac death (hazard ratio 4.1, confidence interval 1.2-14.5) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.7, confidence interval 1.2-6.0) in a multivariable model.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,551 | Does tGF-beta1 increase proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells by phosphorylation of map kinases? | {
"contexts": [
"Airway remodeling in asthma is the result of increased expression of connective tissue proteins, airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) hyperplasia and hypertrophy. TGF-beta1 has been found to increase ASMC proliferation. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38, ERK, and JNK, is critical to the signal transduction associated with cell proliferation. In the present study, we determined the role of phosphorylated MAPKs in TGF-beta1 induced ASMC proliferation.",
"Confluent and growth-arrested bovine ASMCs were treated with TGF-beta1. Proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Expressions of phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, and JNK were determined by Western analysis.",
"In a concentration-dependent manner, TGF-beta1 increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell number of ASMCs. TGF-beta1 also enhanced serum-induced ASMC proliferation. Although ASMCs cultured with TGF-beta1 had a significant increase in phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, the maximal phosphorylation of each MAPK had a varied onset after incubation with TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 induced DNA synthesis was inhibited by SB 203580 or PD 98059, selective inhibitors of p38 and MAP kinase kinase (MEK), respectively. Antibodies against EGF, FGF-2, IGF-I, and PDGF did not inhibit the TGF-beta1 induced DNA synthesis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies",
"Asthma",
"Blood Proteins",
"Cattle",
"Cell Division",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Drug Synergism",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Phosphorylation",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Trachea",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | Our data indicate that ASMCs proliferate in response to TGF-beta1, which is mediated by phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that TGF-beta1 which is expressed in airways of asthmatics may contribute to irreversible airway remodeling by enhancing ASMC proliferation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tGF-beta1 increase proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells by phosphorylation of map kinases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Airway remodeling in asthma is the result of increased expression of connective tissue proteins, airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) hyperplasia and hypertrophy. TGF-beta1 has been found to increase ASMC proliferation. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38, ERK, and JNK, is critical to the signal transduction associated with cell proliferation. In the present study, we determined the role of phosphorylated MAPKs in TGF-beta1 induced ASMC proliferation.', 'Confluent and growth-arrested bovine ASMCs were treated with TGF-beta1. Proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Expressions of phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, and JNK were determined by Western analysis.', 'In a concentration-dependent manner, TGF-beta1 increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell number of ASMCs. TGF-beta1 also enhanced serum-induced ASMC proliferation. Although ASMCs cultured with TGF-beta1 had a significant increase in phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, the maximal phosphorylation of each MAPK had a varied onset after incubation with TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 induced DNA synthesis was inhibited by SB 203580 or PD 98059, selective inhibitors of p38 and MAP kinase kinase (MEK), respectively. Antibodies against EGF, FGF-2, IGF-I, and PDGF did not inhibit the TGF-beta1 induced DNA synthesis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Asthma', 'Blood Proteins', 'Cattle', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Synergism', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Phosphorylation', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Trachea', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,287 | Does aCE-inhibitor treatment attenuate atrial structural remodeling in patients with lone chronic atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a remodeling process which involves the development of fibrosis. Since angiotensin II has been suspected to be involved in this process, the aim of our study was to investigate a possible influence of an ACE-I therapy in patients with chronic AF regarding the occurrence of left atrial structural remodeling.",
"Atrial tissue samples were obtained from patients with lone chronic AF or sinus rhythm (SR). Collagen I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein expression were measured by quantitative Western Blotting techniques and calculated as mean +/- SEM. Histological tissue samples were used for calculating microvessel density (microvessel/mm(2) +/- SEM).",
"In AF, the collagen amount was higher (1.78 +/- 0.21; p = 0.01) vs. SR (0.37 +/- 0.07) accompanied by declining microcapillary density (AF: 145 +/- 13 vs. SR: 202 +/- 9; p = 0.01). Additionally, a negative correlation (p = 0.01) between collagen content and microcapillary density was observed. To investigate the influence of an ACE-I therapy on this remodeling process, patient groups were divided into AF and SR both with or without ACE-I. Interestingly, there was a significantly lower expression of collagen I in AF with ACE-I (1.04 +/- 0.26) vs. AF without ACE-I treatment (2.07 +/- 0.24, p = 0.02). The microcapillaries were not diminished in AF with ACE-I (180 +/- 15) vs. SR with ACE-I (196 +/- 9), but there was a significant rarification in AF without ACE-I (123 +/- 18; p = 0.03). The expression of VEGF and bFGF did not reveal any significant differences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Blotting, Western",
"Capillaries",
"Chronic Disease",
"Collagen",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Densitometry",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Fibrosis",
"Heart Atria",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | In patients undergoing ACE-I treatment: atrial structural remodeling was attenuated and the loss of atrial microcapillaries was prevented. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does aCE-inhibitor treatment attenuate atrial structural remodeling in patients with lone chronic atrial fibrillation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a remodeling process which involves the development of fibrosis. Since angiotensin II has been suspected to be involved in this process, the aim of our study was to investigate a possible influence of an ACE-I therapy in patients with chronic AF regarding the occurrence of left atrial structural remodeling.', 'Atrial tissue samples were obtained from patients with lone chronic AF or sinus rhythm (SR). Collagen I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein expression were measured by quantitative Western Blotting techniques and calculated as mean +/- SEM. Histological tissue samples were used for calculating microvessel density (microvessel/mm(2) +/- SEM).', 'In AF, the collagen amount was higher (1.78 +/- 0.21; p = 0.01) vs. SR (0.37 +/- 0.07) accompanied by declining microcapillary density (AF: 145 +/- 13 vs. SR: 202 +/- 9; p = 0.01). Additionally, a negative correlation (p = 0.01) between collagen content and microcapillary density was observed. To investigate the influence of an ACE-I therapy on this remodeling process, patient groups were divided into AF and SR both with or without ACE-I. Interestingly, there was a significantly lower expression of collagen I in AF with ACE-I (1.04 +/- 0.26) vs. AF without ACE-I treatment (2.07 +/- 0.24, p = 0.02). The microcapillaries were not diminished in AF with ACE-I (180 +/- 15) vs. SR with ACE-I (196 +/- 9), but there was a significant rarification in AF without ACE-I (123 +/- 18; p = 0.03). The expression of VEGF and bFGF did not reveal any significant differences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Blotting, Western', 'Capillaries', 'Chronic Disease', 'Collagen', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Densitometry', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Fibrosis', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,379,026 | Do disease-associated mutations in CNGB3 produce gain of function alterations in cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels? | {
"contexts": [
"To characterize the functional consequences of disease-associated mutations in the CNGB3 (B3) subunit of human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in order to gain insight into disease mechanisms.",
"Three separate disease-associated mutations were generated in CNGB3: F525N, R403Q, and T383fsX. These mutant subunits were then heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes in combination with wild type CNGA3 (A3) subunits, and characterized by patch-clamp recording in the inside-out configuration.",
"Co-expression of A3 and B3F525N, A3 and B3R403Q, or A3 and B3R403Q and B3T383fsX subunits resulted in channels that exhibited an increase in ligand sensitivity without a reduction in current density compared to wild-type heteromeric channels. Each simulated disease state produced channels that exhibited greater sensitivity to block by L-cis-diltiazem than homomeric CNGA3 channels, confirming that the mutant CNGB3 subunits were competent to form functional heteromeric channels. Each combination of subunits displayed an increase in apparent affinity for cGMP relative to wild-type heteromeric channels. However, F525N enhanced cGMP apparent affinity to a significantly greater extent than the other two modeled disease states."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Color Vision Defects",
"Cyclic GMP",
"Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels",
"Eye Proteins",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Ion Channels",
"Macular Degeneration",
"Oocytes",
"Patch-Clamp Techniques",
"Point Mutation",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells",
"Xenopus laevis"
]
} | We have examined the gating effects of two previously uncharacterized disease-associated mutations in the CNGB3 subunit and found that in each case, the mutations resulted in a gain of function molecular phenotype. Furthermore, the magnitude of the effect on channel function correlated with the severity of the associated disease. The complete achromatopsia-associated F525N mutation resulted in more pronounced alterations in channel function than the mutation combinations linked to macular degeneration or progressive cone dystrophy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do disease-associated mutations in CNGB3 produce gain of function alterations in cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To characterize the functional consequences of disease-associated mutations in the CNGB3 (B3) subunit of human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in order to gain insight into disease mechanisms.', 'Three separate disease-associated mutations were generated in CNGB3: F525N, R403Q, and T383fsX. These mutant subunits were then heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes in combination with wild type CNGA3 (A3) subunits, and characterized by patch-clamp recording in the inside-out configuration.', 'Co-expression of A3 and B3F525N, A3 and B3R403Q, or A3 and B3R403Q and B3T383fsX subunits resulted in channels that exhibited an increase in ligand sensitivity without a reduction in current density compared to wild-type heteromeric channels. Each simulated disease state produced channels that exhibited greater sensitivity to block by L-cis-diltiazem than homomeric CNGA3 channels, confirming that the mutant CNGB3 subunits were competent to form functional heteromeric channels. Each combination of subunits displayed an increase in apparent affinity for cGMP relative to wild-type heteromeric channels. However, F525N enhanced cGMP apparent affinity to a significantly greater extent than the other two modeled disease states.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Color Vision Defects', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels', 'Eye Proteins', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Oocytes', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells', 'Xenopus laevis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,805 | Does superoxide dismutase expression attenuate cigarette smoke- or elastase-generated emphysema in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidants are believed to play a major role in the development of emphysema.",
"This study aimed to determine if the expression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) within the lungs of mice protects against the development of emphysema.",
"Transgenic CuZnSOD and littermate mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 1 yr) and compared with nonexposed mice. A second group was treated with intratracheal elastase to induce emphysema.",
"Lung inflammation was measured by cell counts and myeloperoxidase levels. Oxidative damage was assessed by immunofluorescence for 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and lipid peroxidation levels. The development of emphysema was determined by measuring the mean linear intercept (Lm).",
"Smoke exposure caused a fourfold increase in neutrophilic inflammation and doubled lung myeloperoxidase activity. This inflammatory response did not occur in the smoke-exposed CuZnSOD mice. Similarly, CuZnSOD expression prevented the 58% increase in lung lipid peroxidation products that occurred after smoke exposure. Most important, CuZnSOD prevented the onset of emphysema in both the smoke-induced model (Lm, 68 exposed control vs. 58 exposed transgenic; p < 0.04) and elastase-generated model (Lm, 80 exposed control vs. 63 exposed transgenic; p < 0.03). These results demonstrate for the first time that antioxidants can prevent smoke-induced inflammation and can counteract the proteolytic cascade that leads to emphysema formation in two separate animal models of the disease."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers",
"Cell Count",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Disease Progression",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Lung",
"Macrophages, Alveolar",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Pancreatic Elastase",
"Peroxidase",
"Pulmonary Emphysema",
"Smoking",
"Superoxide Dismutase"
]
} | These findings indicate that strategies aimed at enhancing or supplementing lung antioxidants could be effective for the prevention and treatment of this disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does superoxide dismutase expression attenuate cigarette smoke- or elastase-generated emphysema in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidants are believed to play a major role in the development of emphysema.', 'This study aimed to determine if the expression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) within the lungs of mice protects against the development of emphysema.', 'Transgenic CuZnSOD and littermate mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 1 yr) and compared with nonexposed mice. A second group was treated with intratracheal elastase to induce emphysema.', 'Lung inflammation was measured by cell counts and myeloperoxidase levels. Oxidative damage was assessed by immunofluorescence for 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and lipid peroxidation levels. The development of emphysema was determined by measuring the mean linear intercept (Lm).', 'Smoke exposure caused a fourfold increase in neutrophilic inflammation and doubled lung myeloperoxidase activity. This inflammatory response did not occur in the smoke-exposed CuZnSOD mice. Similarly, CuZnSOD expression prevented the 58% increase in lung lipid peroxidation products that occurred after smoke exposure. Most important, CuZnSOD prevented the onset of emphysema in both the smoke-induced model (Lm, 68 exposed control vs. 58 exposed transgenic; p < 0.04) and elastase-generated model (Lm, 80 exposed control vs. 63 exposed transgenic; p < 0.03). These results demonstrate for the first time that antioxidants can prevent smoke-induced inflammation and can counteract the proteolytic cascade that leads to emphysema formation in two separate animal models of the disease.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Count', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lung', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Peroxidase', 'Pulmonary Emphysema', 'Smoking', 'Superoxide Dismutase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,853 | Does intracoronary photodynamic therapy reduce neointimal growth without suppressing re-endothelialisation in a porcine model? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of intracoronary PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a new photosensitiser, MV0611, in the overstretch balloon and stent porcine models of restenosis.",
"28 pigs were injected with 3 mg/kg of MV0611 systemically 4 h before the procedure. Animals were divided into either the balloon overstretch injury (BI) group (n = 19) or the stented group (n = 9). After BI, a centred delivery catheter was positioned in the artery to cover the injured area, and light (532 nm, 125 J/cm(2)) was applied to activate the drug (n = 10). Control arteries (n = 9) were not activated by light. In the stented group, the drug was light activated before stent deployment. Serial sections of vessels were processed 14 days after treatment in the BI group and 30 days after treatment in the stented group for histomorphometric or immunohistochemical analysis.",
"Intracoronary PDT significantly reduced intimal thickness in both BI and stented arteries (about 65%: 0.22 (SEM 0.05) mm v 0.62 (0.05) mm, p < 0.01; and about 26%: 0.40 (0.04) mm v 0.54 (0.04) mm, p < 0.01, respectively). PDT increased luminal area by <or= 60% and 50% within BI and stented arteries (3.43 (0.27) mm(2)v 5.51 (0.52) mm(2), p < 0.05; 4.0 (0.02) mm(2)v 6.0 (0.16) mm(2), p < 0.01), respectively. Complete re-endothelialisation was observed by immunohistochemical and gross histological analyses in all PDT and control arteries. There were no cases of aneurysm formation or thrombosis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angioplasty, Balloon",
"Animals",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Coronary Restenosis",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Mesoporphyrins",
"Photochemotherapy",
"Photosensitizing Agents",
"Random Allocation",
"Stents",
"Swine",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | Intracoronary PhotoPoint PDT with MV0611 reduces intimal proliferation without suppressing re-endothelialisation in a porcine model of restenosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intracoronary photodynamic therapy reduce neointimal growth without suppressing re-endothelialisation in a porcine model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the effects of intracoronary PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a new photosensitiser, MV0611, in the overstretch balloon and stent porcine models of restenosis.', '28 pigs were injected with 3 mg/kg of MV0611 systemically 4 h before the procedure. Animals were divided into either the balloon overstretch injury (BI) group (n = 19) or the stented group (n = 9). After BI, a centred delivery catheter was positioned in the artery to cover the injured area, and light (532 nm, 125 J/cm(2)) was applied to activate the drug (n = 10). Control arteries (n = 9) were not activated by light. In the stented group, the drug was light activated before stent deployment. Serial sections of vessels were processed 14 days after treatment in the BI group and 30 days after treatment in the stented group for histomorphometric or immunohistochemical analysis.', 'Intracoronary PDT significantly reduced intimal thickness in both BI and stented arteries (about 65%: 0.22 (SEM 0.05) mm v 0.62 (0.05) mm, p < 0.01; and about 26%: 0.40 (0.04) mm v 0.54 (0.04) mm, p < 0.01, respectively). PDT increased luminal area by <or= 60% and 50% within BI and stented arteries (3.43 (0.27) mm(2)v 5.51 (0.52) mm(2), p < 0.05; 4.0 (0.02) mm(2)v 6.0 (0.16) mm(2), p < 0.01), respectively. Complete re-endothelialisation was observed by immunohistochemical and gross histological analyses in all PDT and control arteries. There were no cases of aneurysm formation or thrombosis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coronary Restenosis', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mesoporphyrins', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Random Allocation', 'Stents', 'Swine', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,087 | Does dorzolamide and timolol save retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous adult rats? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a dorzolamide-timolol combination or dorzolamide on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes of adult rats.",
"Glaucoma was induced in the right eye of adult Wistar rats by episcleral venous occlusion. One experimental group was administered dorzolamide 2%-timolol 0.5% combination eye drops, while the other experimental group was administered dorzolamide 2% eye drops. Control groups had surgery without drug administration. Drug application was initiated either 2 weeks before surgery (Group A), from the day of surgery (Group B), 2 weeks after surgery (Group C), or 4 weeks after surgery (Group D). RGCs were labeled by intratectal Fluorogold injections and counted from flat-mount preparations, and IOP was measured using Tonopen.",
"Both dorzolamide-timolol combination and dorzolamide, when applied topically, significantly reduced IOP and improved RGC densities in experimental eyes when compared to control eyes. Earlier initiation, as well as longer duration of drug application, resulted in higher RGC densities."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Cell Count",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Drug Combinations",
"Female",
"Glaucoma",
"Intraocular Pressure",
"Pilot Projects",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Retinal Ganglion Cells",
"Sulfonamides",
"Thiophenes",
"Time Factors",
"Timolol"
]
} | Topical application of a dorzolamide-timolol combination or dorzolamide saved RGCs to a significant extent and reduced IOP in glaucomatous rat eyes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dorzolamide and timolol save retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous adult rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a dorzolamide-timolol combination or dorzolamide on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes of adult rats.', 'Glaucoma was induced in the right eye of adult Wistar rats by episcleral venous occlusion. One experimental group was administered dorzolamide 2%-timolol 0.5% combination eye drops, while the other experimental group was administered dorzolamide 2% eye drops. Control groups had surgery without drug administration. Drug application was initiated either 2 weeks before surgery (Group A), from the day of surgery (Group B), 2 weeks after surgery (Group C), or 4 weeks after surgery (Group D). RGCs were labeled by intratectal Fluorogold injections and counted from flat-mount preparations, and IOP was measured using Tonopen.', 'Both dorzolamide-timolol combination and dorzolamide, when applied topically, significantly reduced IOP and improved RGC densities in experimental eyes when compared to control eyes. Earlier initiation, as well as longer duration of drug application, resulted in higher RGC densities.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Cell Count', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Glaucoma', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Pilot Projects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Sulfonamides', 'Thiophenes', 'Time Factors', 'Timolol']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,235 | Is promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene and loss of its protein expression correlated with tumor progression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"The p16 gene is one of the tumor suppressor genes, and its inactivation results in abnormal regulation of the cell cycle in human neoplasms. Promoter hypermethylation, a mechanism of p16 gene inactivation, has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis and to be related to patient prognosis in several carcinomas.",
"To determine the role of the p16 gene in extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) carcinomas.",
"We examined promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and the expression of the p16 protein using an immunohistochemical staining method in 90 cases of EBD carcinomas. We then compared the data with various clinicopathologic parameters, including survival rate.",
"Promoter hypermethylation was observed in 69 (77%) of the 90 cases. Of 69 hypermethylated cases, 32 (46%) demonstrated loss of p16 expression. Promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene was more commonly observed in tumors with vascular invasion (22 [92%] of 24 cases) than without vascular invasion (71%, P = .03). Furthermore, p16 promoter hypermethylation with loss of p16 expression was more frequently observed in cases with lymph node metastasis (P = .006) and higher tumor stage group (P = .04). However, there was no significant difference in survival rate according to the status of p16 promoter methylation and/or p16 expression."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Bile Duct Neoplasms",
"Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic",
"Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16",
"DNA Methylation",
"DNA, Neoplasm",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Silencing",
"Genes, p16",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Microdissection",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | Promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism in the inactivation of the p16 gene in EBD carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the loss of p16 expression, with or without p16 gene promoter hypermethylation, is closely related to the tumor progression in EBD carcinomas. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene and loss of its protein expression correlated with tumor progression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The p16 gene is one of the tumor suppressor genes, and its inactivation results in abnormal regulation of the cell cycle in human neoplasms. Promoter hypermethylation, a mechanism of p16 gene inactivation, has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis and to be related to patient prognosis in several carcinomas.', 'To determine the role of the p16 gene in extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) carcinomas.', 'We examined promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and the expression of the p16 protein using an immunohistochemical staining method in 90 cases of EBD carcinomas. We then compared the data with various clinicopathologic parameters, including survival rate.', 'Promoter hypermethylation was observed in 69 (77%) of the 90 cases. Of 69 hypermethylated cases, 32 (46%) demonstrated loss of p16 expression. Promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene was more commonly observed in tumors with vascular invasion (22 [92%] of 24 cases) than without vascular invasion (71%, P = .03). Furthermore, p16 promoter hypermethylation with loss of p16 expression was more frequently observed in cases with lymph node metastasis (P = .006) and higher tumor stage group (P = .04). However, there was no significant difference in survival rate according to the status of p16 promoter methylation and/or p16 expression.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Silencing', 'Genes, p16', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Microdissection', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,604 | Do differential effects of risk factors on infant wheeze and atopic dermatitis emphasize a different etiology? | {
"contexts": [
"Atopic dermatitis (AD) often develops in infancy as the first manifestation of the atopic phenotype. Wheezing is also common in infancy, but it is less clear whether infant wheezing should be considered as an atopic phenotype. If infant wheeze and AD share a common aetiology, this would indicate that infant wheezing is an atopic phenotype.",
"To investigate whether potential risk factors for infant wheeze and AD have similar effects on these 2 phenotypes, indicating a common etiology.",
"A total of 34.793 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were followed prospectively. Information on wheezing episodes, AD, and prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors was collected by interview at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation, at 6 and 18 months of age, and by linkage to the Danish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed by binary and polytomous logistic regression models.",
"The following variables had significantly differential effects on infant wheezing and AD: parental hay fever, parental asthma, parental AD, sex, maternal age, maternal occupation, smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, birth weight, gestational age, head circumference, breast-feeding, number of older siblings, day care attendance, and pets in the home."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Pregnancy",
"Respiratory Sounds",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking"
]
} | The majority of risk factors had differential effects on infant wheeze and AD indicative of a different etiology. Infant wheezing does not seem to be etiologically linked to the epidemic of atopic disease, and infant wheezing should not be used as an indicator of the atopic phenotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do differential effects of risk factors on infant wheeze and atopic dermatitis emphasize a different etiology?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Atopic dermatitis (AD) often develops in infancy as the first manifestation of the atopic phenotype. Wheezing is also common in infancy, but it is less clear whether infant wheezing should be considered as an atopic phenotype. If infant wheeze and AD share a common aetiology, this would indicate that infant wheezing is an atopic phenotype.', 'To investigate whether potential risk factors for infant wheeze and AD have similar effects on these 2 phenotypes, indicating a common etiology.', 'A total of 34.793 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were followed prospectively. Information on wheezing episodes, AD, and prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors was collected by interview at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation, at 6 and 18 months of age, and by linkage to the Danish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed by binary and polytomous logistic regression models.', 'The following variables had significantly differential effects on infant wheezing and AD: parental hay fever, parental asthma, parental AD, sex, maternal age, maternal occupation, smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, birth weight, gestational age, head circumference, breast-feeding, number of older siblings, day care attendance, and pets in the home.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,701 | Does cyclooxygenase-2 induction after oral surgery entirely account for analgesia after selective blockade of cyclooxygenase 2 in the preoperative period? | {
"contexts": [
"The administration of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors before surgery is regarded as an innovative option to manage postoperative pain. This study was designed to (1) examine the efficacy of preoperative cyclooxygenase-2 blockade on postoperative oral pain and (2) compare pain intensity with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase isoform (cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression at the surgical site during the postoperative period.",
"Sixty patients with impacted lower third molars were randomly allocated to three single-dose treatment groups--placebo, 50 mg rofecoxib, or 550 mg naproxen--1 h before extraction. Pain intensity was evaluated with categorical and visual analog scales every 30 min from 90 to 240 min after surgery. At these times, PGE2 production in the alveolar socket was also evaluated. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in gingival specimens collected during tooth removal and 240 min after surgery.",
"Pain intensity and PGE2 production in the placebo group increased throughout the observation period. Naproxen prevented pain and decreased PGE2 release at all time points. Rofecoxib reduced PGE2 production versus placebo from 150 min onward, while inducing analgesia through the whole observation period. mRNA assay in gingival specimens collected at tooth extraction revealed cyclooxygenase-1 expression, whereas cyclooxygenase 2 was undetectable. At the end of observation, cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA expression was unchanged, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA was significantly induced."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Adult",
"Cyclooxygenase 1",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors",
"Dinoprostone",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lactones",
"Male",
"Microdialysis",
"Naproxen",
"Oral Surgical Procedures",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Prostaglandins",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sulfones"
]
} | This study indicates that preoperative administration of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ensures effective control of postoperative pain. It is suggested that the selective blockade of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 at the surgical site does not entirely account for the analgesic action occurring in the postoperative period. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cyclooxygenase-2 induction after oral surgery entirely account for analgesia after selective blockade of cyclooxygenase 2 in the preoperative period?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The administration of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors before surgery is regarded as an innovative option to manage postoperative pain. This study was designed to (1) examine the efficacy of preoperative cyclooxygenase-2 blockade on postoperative oral pain and (2) compare pain intensity with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase isoform (cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression at the surgical site during the postoperative period.', 'Sixty patients with impacted lower third molars were randomly allocated to three single-dose treatment groups--placebo, 50 mg rofecoxib, or 550 mg naproxen--1 h before extraction. Pain intensity was evaluated with categorical and visual analog scales every 30 min from 90 to 240 min after surgery. At these times, PGE2 production in the alveolar socket was also evaluated. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in gingival specimens collected during tooth removal and 240 min after surgery.', 'Pain intensity and PGE2 production in the placebo group increased throughout the observation period. Naproxen prevented pain and decreased PGE2 release at all time points. Rofecoxib reduced PGE2 production versus placebo from 150 min onward, while inducing analgesia through the whole observation period. mRNA assay in gingival specimens collected at tooth extraction revealed cyclooxygenase-1 expression, whereas cyclooxygenase 2 was undetectable. At the end of observation, cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA expression was unchanged, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA was significantly induced.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Adult', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Dinoprostone', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactones', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Naproxen', 'Oral Surgical Procedures', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Prostaglandins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sulfones']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,397,052 | Does vitamin C inactivate the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 in human cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"PS-341 (bortezomib, Velcade), the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential water-soluble vitamin required for many normal physiologic functions and has to be obtained through diet or supplemental tablets in humans. Here we studied the potential effect of vitamin C on the anticancer activity of PS-341 in human cancer cell lines.",
"The effects of vitamin C on apoptosis induction by PS-341 alone and by PS-341 combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were studied. In addition, the effects of vitamin C and other antioxidants on PS-341-mediated proteasome inhibition were also examined. Finally, the direct chemical interaction between vitamin C and PS-341 was determined.",
"Vitamin C abrogated the ability of PS-341 to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines, to induce G(2)-M arrest, and to augment apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Moreover, vitamin C suppressed PS-341-mediated inhibition of proteasome activity. PS-341 itself did not induce generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species whereas other antioxidants failed to abrogate its biological activity. Importantly, we detected a direct chemical interaction between vitamin C and PS-341."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Antioxidants",
"Apoptosis",
"Ascorbic Acid",
"Blotting, Western",
"Boronic Acids",
"Bortezomib",
"Cell Cycle",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Drug Interactions",
"Humans",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Pyrazines"
]
} | Vitamin C directly binds to PS-431, thus inactivating PS-341 independent of its antioxidant activity. Our findings suggest that vitamin C may have a negative effect on PS-341-mediated anticancer activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does vitamin C inactivate the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 in human cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['PS-341 (bortezomib, Velcade), the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential water-soluble vitamin required for many normal physiologic functions and has to be obtained through diet or supplemental tablets in humans. Here we studied the potential effect of vitamin C on the anticancer activity of PS-341 in human cancer cell lines.', 'The effects of vitamin C on apoptosis induction by PS-341 alone and by PS-341 combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were studied. In addition, the effects of vitamin C and other antioxidants on PS-341-mediated proteasome inhibition were also examined. Finally, the direct chemical interaction between vitamin C and PS-341 was determined.', 'Vitamin C abrogated the ability of PS-341 to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines, to induce G(2)-M arrest, and to augment apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Moreover, vitamin C suppressed PS-341-mediated inhibition of proteasome activity. PS-341 itself did not induce generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species whereas other antioxidants failed to abrogate its biological activity. Importantly, we detected a direct chemical interaction between vitamin C and PS-341.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Blotting, Western', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Interactions', 'Humans', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Pyrazines']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,009 | Does neutrophil elastase inhibitor ameliorate reperfusion injury in a canine model of lung transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor ONO-5046 Na on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine model of single lung transplantation.",
"24 mongrel dogs, 12 donors and 12 recipients, were used for single lung transplantation. Lung grafts were preserved for 18 h by cold ischemia then transplanted into the left thoracic cavity of recipients. In 6 recipients (ONO group), a bolus of ONO-5046 Na (10 mg/kg) was introduced before reperfusion and followed by continuous infusion (10 mg/kg/h). The remaining 6 recipients (control group) did not receive ONO-5046 Na and thus served as controls. We evaluated lung function and respiratory parameters over 240 min.",
"The total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased significantly in the control group in comparison to that in the ONO group. Histologic scores after 4 h of reperfusion and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly lower in the ONO group than in the control group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dogs",
"Extravascular Lung Water",
"Glycine",
"Hemodynamics",
"Lung Transplantation",
"Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory",
"Proteins",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Sulfonamides"
]
} | Neutrophil elastase inhibitor ONO-5046 Na may be useful in ameliorating lung reperfusion injury after transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neutrophil elastase inhibitor ameliorate reperfusion injury in a canine model of lung transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor ONO-5046 Na on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine model of single lung transplantation.', '24 mongrel dogs, 12 donors and 12 recipients, were used for single lung transplantation. Lung grafts were preserved for 18 h by cold ischemia then transplanted into the left thoracic cavity of recipients. In 6 recipients (ONO group), a bolus of ONO-5046 Na (10 mg/kg) was introduced before reperfusion and followed by continuous infusion (10 mg/kg/h). The remaining 6 recipients (control group) did not receive ONO-5046 Na and thus served as controls. We evaluated lung function and respiratory parameters over 240 min.', 'The total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased significantly in the control group in comparison to that in the ONO group. Histologic scores after 4 h of reperfusion and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly lower in the ONO group than in the control group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Extravascular Lung Water', 'Glycine', 'Hemodynamics', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory', 'Proteins', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Sulfonamides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,369,836 | Does prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decrease in opiate dependence? | {
"contexts": [
"There have been only a few structural brain-imaging studies, with varied findings, of opiate-dependent subjects. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is suitable for studying whole brain-wise structural brain changes in opiate-dependent subjects.",
"The objective of the current study is to explore gray matter density in opiate-dependent subjects.",
"Gray matter density in 63 opiate-dependent subjects and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects was compared using VBM.",
"Relative to healthy comparison subjects, opiate-dependent subjects exhibited decreased gray matter density in bilateral prefrontal cortex [Brodmann areas (BA) 8, 9, 10, 11, and 47], bilateral insula (BA 13), bilateral superior temporal cortex (BA 21 and 38), left fusiform cortex (BA 37), and right uncus (BA 28)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Axons",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Opioid-Related Disorders",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Temporal Lobe"
]
} | This study reports that opiate-dependent subjects have gray matter density decreases in prefrontal and temporal cortex, which may be associated with behavioral and neuropsychological dysfunction in opiate-dependent subjects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decrease in opiate dependence?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There have been only a few structural brain-imaging studies, with varied findings, of opiate-dependent subjects. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is suitable for studying whole brain-wise structural brain changes in opiate-dependent subjects.', 'The objective of the current study is to explore gray matter density in opiate-dependent subjects.', 'Gray matter density in 63 opiate-dependent subjects and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects was compared using VBM.', 'Relative to healthy comparison subjects, opiate-dependent subjects exhibited decreased gray matter density in bilateral prefrontal cortex [Brodmann areas (BA) 8, 9, 10, 11, and 47], bilateral insula (BA 13), bilateral superior temporal cortex (BA 21 and 38), left fusiform cortex (BA 37), and right uncus (BA 28).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Axons', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Temporal Lobe']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,929 | Is polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene ( C677T MTHFR ) a confounding factor of the relationship between serum uric acid level and the prevalence of hypertension in Japanese men? | {
"contexts": [
"The association between serum uric acid (UA) and the prevalence of hypertension, and the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hypertension remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the C677T MTHFR mutation genotype (VV) is independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension or blood pressure (BP), and examined any interaction of MTHFR and UA with BP.",
"Participants were randomly selected from all residents (aged 40-69 years) in a rural county of Japan, and the data for the men (n=335) were analyzed. ;Hypertension' was defined as systolic BP >or=140 and/or diastolic BP >or=90 mmHg and/or being administered antihypertensive medication. Serum UA level was independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =2.7 (1.2-5.9), p=0.047) for the highest tertile of serum UA (>or=398.5 micromol/L (6.7 mg/dl)) vs that of the lowest tertile (<321.2 micromol/L (5.4 mg/dl)), but the MTHFR mutation was not independently associated with prevalence of hypertension or BP. No interaction of the MTHFR mutation and serum UA with BP was found."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Pressure",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Japan",
"Male",
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Prevalence",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | The mutation of C677T MTHFR was not independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension or BP levels although serum UA was. Furthermore, the relationship between serum UA and BP was not modulated by the MTHFR mutation in Japanese men. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene ( C677T MTHFR ) a confounding factor of the relationship between serum uric acid level and the prevalence of hypertension in Japanese men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The association between serum uric acid (UA) and the prevalence of hypertension, and the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hypertension remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the C677T MTHFR mutation genotype (VV) is independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension or blood pressure (BP), and examined any interaction of MTHFR and UA with BP.', \"Participants were randomly selected from all residents (aged 40-69 years) in a rural county of Japan, and the data for the men (n=335) were analyzed. ;Hypertension' was defined as systolic BP >or=140 and/or diastolic BP >or=90 mmHg and/or being administered antihypertensive medication. Serum UA level was independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =2.7 (1.2-5.9), p=0.047) for the highest tertile of serum UA (>or=398.5 micromol/L (6.7 mg/dl)) vs that of the lowest tertile (<321.2 micromol/L (5.4 mg/dl)), but the MTHFR mutation was not independently associated with prevalence of hypertension or BP. No interaction of the MTHFR mutation and serum UA with BP was found.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prevalence', 'Uric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,377,925 | Are prolonged QRS duration and severity of mitral regurgitation unfavorable prognostic markers of heart failure in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of the present study was to identify predictors of event-free survival in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blockers.",
"The study group comprised 78 consecutive patients with NIDCM between 1997 and 2002. NIDCM was defined as ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) >55 mm on echocardiography and normal coronary angiography. The mean EF and LVEDD was 26.3 +/- 10.5%, and 62.9 +/- 7.1 mm, respectively. Patients were treated with optimal medical therapy including ACEI/ARBs and/or beta-blockers and followed up for 35.6 +/- 27.8 months. The primary endpoint was either cardiac death or hospitalization because of deterioration of heart failure. Cox's regression analysis was used to establish the association of age, sex, EF, LVEDD, left atrial diameter, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, QRS duration, severity of mitral regurgitation, body mass index, New York Heart Association class and the presence of atrial fibrillation with these events. During follow-up, 23 patients reached the primary endpoint. In a multivariate analysis, EF (chi-square 5.74, p=0.0166), severity of mitral regurgitation (chi-square 12.31, p=0.0004), and QRS duration (chi-square 11.20, p=0.0008) remained significant predictors."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arrhythmias, Cardiac",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart Function Tests",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitral Valve Insufficiency",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Time Factors",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | In NIDCM patients, prolonged QRS duration is a high risk factor for remodeling and unfavorable events. The severity of mitral regurgitation was also a strong risk predictor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are prolonged QRS duration and severity of mitral regurgitation unfavorable prognostic markers of heart failure in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal of the present study was to identify predictors of event-free survival in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blockers.', \"The study group comprised 78 consecutive patients with NIDCM between 1997 and 2002. NIDCM was defined as ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) >55 mm on echocardiography and normal coronary angiography. The mean EF and LVEDD was 26.3 +/- 10.5%, and 62.9 +/- 7.1 mm, respectively. Patients were treated with optimal medical therapy including ACEI/ARBs and/or beta-blockers and followed up for 35.6 +/- 27.8 months. The primary endpoint was either cardiac death or hospitalization because of deterioration of heart failure. Cox's regression analysis was used to establish the association of age, sex, EF, LVEDD, left atrial diameter, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, QRS duration, severity of mitral regurgitation, body mass index, New York Heart Association class and the presence of atrial fibrillation with these events. During follow-up, 23 patients reached the primary endpoint. In a multivariate analysis, EF (chi-square 5.74, p=0.0166), severity of mitral regurgitation (chi-square 12.31, p=0.0004), and QRS duration (chi-square 11.20, p=0.0008) remained significant predictors.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Function Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,468 | Is posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder common in parents of children with epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and major depressive disorder (MDD) in parents of children with epilepsy.",
"Parents (77 mothers and 3 fathers) of children with epilepsy were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), PTSD and MDD modules, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).",
"The prevalence of both PTSD and MDD was 31.5%. Fifty-six percent (n = 14) of the participants with PTSD had a diagnosis of MDD. PTSD symptom clusters were very prevalent in the parents of children with epilepsy. Reexperiencing and arousal symptom clusters were more frequent (88.8 and 80% respectively) than the avoidance and numbing symptom cluster (32.5%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Child",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Epilepsy",
"Fathers",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mothers",
"Parents",
"Prevalence",
"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | These findings suggest that a significant proportion of parents of children with epilepsy experience PTSD and MDD. Increased awareness of the clinical presentations of these disorders may help clinicians to develop preventive and intervention strategies for parents of children with epilepsy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder common in parents of children with epilepsy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and major depressive disorder (MDD) in parents of children with epilepsy.', 'Parents (77 mothers and 3 fathers) of children with epilepsy were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), PTSD and MDD modules, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).', 'The prevalence of both PTSD and MDD was 31.5%. Fifty-six percent (n = 14) of the participants with PTSD had a diagnosis of MDD. PTSD symptom clusters were very prevalent in the parents of children with epilepsy. Reexperiencing and arousal symptom clusters were more frequent (88.8 and 80% respectively) than the avoidance and numbing symptom cluster (32.5%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Epilepsy', 'Fathers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mothers', 'Parents', 'Prevalence', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,135 | Are coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions strongly related to serum uric acid concentrations in healthy adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Uric acid is a well known antioxidant; however, the relationship between serum uric acid levels and oxidative stress-caused disorders including cardiovascular diseases is not clear yet. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic measurement of coronary flow reserve is a useful tool to investigate coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions. In this study, we investigated the possible association between serum uric acid concentrations and coronary flow reserve in healthy adults.",
"One hundred healthy volunteers with normal uric acid levels, between 18 and 55 years of age, were included in this study. The study group was divided into two with regard to the serum uric acid levels. Coronary diastolic peak flow velocities were measured at baseline and after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg over 4 min) using echocardiography.",
"Coronary flow reserve and hyperemic mean peak flow velocity were significantly greater in participants with lower serum uric acid concentrations (< or =234 micromol/l for women, < or =302 micromol/l for men) than in those with higher serum uric acid concentrations (>234 micromol/l for women, >302 micromol/l for men) (2.91+/-0.5 vs. 2.47+/-0.5, P<0.001; 66.8+/-11.4 vs. 61.1+/-16.5, P=0.04). The baseline mean peak flow velocity was significantly greater in participants with higher serum uric acid concentrations than in those with lower serum uric acid concentrations (24.7+/-4.1 vs. 23.1+/-2.4, P=0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Reference Values",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | Lower serum uric acid concentrations might be regarded as indicative of coronary microvascular and conductance vessel functionality. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions strongly related to serum uric acid concentrations in healthy adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Uric acid is a well known antioxidant; however, the relationship between serum uric acid levels and oxidative stress-caused disorders including cardiovascular diseases is not clear yet. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic measurement of coronary flow reserve is a useful tool to investigate coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions. In this study, we investigated the possible association between serum uric acid concentrations and coronary flow reserve in healthy adults.', 'One hundred healthy volunteers with normal uric acid levels, between 18 and 55 years of age, were included in this study. The study group was divided into two with regard to the serum uric acid levels. Coronary diastolic peak flow velocities were measured at baseline and after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg over 4 min) using echocardiography.', 'Coronary flow reserve and hyperemic mean peak flow velocity were significantly greater in participants with lower serum uric acid concentrations (< or =234 micromol/l for women, < or =302 micromol/l for men) than in those with higher serum uric acid concentrations (>234 micromol/l for women, >302 micromol/l for men) (2.91+/-0.5 vs. 2.47+/-0.5, P<0.001; 66.8+/-11.4 vs. 61.1+/-16.5, P=0.04). The baseline mean peak flow velocity was significantly greater in participants with higher serum uric acid concentrations than in those with lower serum uric acid concentrations (24.7+/-4.1 vs. 23.1+/-2.4, P=0.02).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reference Values', 'Uric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,400,060 | Is whole-grain intake inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Whole-grain intake has been inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged populations, but the association has not been investigated in older adults. The metabolic consequence of consuming high whole-grain diets may differ in elderly persons, who are prone to greater insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.",
"The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional association between whole- and refined-grain intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality in the same cohort of older adults.",
"The nutritional status of 535 healthy persons aged 60-98 y was determined from 1981 to 1984. The subjects kept a 3-d food record and had their blood tested for metabolic risk factors. The metabolic syndrome was defined based on criteria set by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The vital status of the subjects was identified in October 1995.",
"The results showed a significant inverse trend between whole-grain intake and the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.005) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (P for trend = 0.04), independent of demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Fasting glucose concentrations and body mass index decreased across increasing quartile categories of whole-grain intake (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), independent of confounders, whereas intake of refined grain was positively associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (P for trend = 0.04) and a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diet Records",
"Edible Grain",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Nutritional Status",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Whole-grain intake is a modifiable dietary risk factor, and older and young adults should be encouraged to increase their daily intake to > or = 3 servings/d. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is whole-grain intake inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Whole-grain intake has been inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged populations, but the association has not been investigated in older adults. The metabolic consequence of consuming high whole-grain diets may differ in elderly persons, who are prone to greater insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.', 'The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional association between whole- and refined-grain intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality in the same cohort of older adults.', 'The nutritional status of 535 healthy persons aged 60-98 y was determined from 1981 to 1984. The subjects kept a 3-d food record and had their blood tested for metabolic risk factors. The metabolic syndrome was defined based on criteria set by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The vital status of the subjects was identified in October 1995.', 'The results showed a significant inverse trend between whole-grain intake and the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.005) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (P for trend = 0.04), independent of demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Fasting glucose concentrations and body mass index decreased across increasing quartile categories of whole-grain intake (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), independent of confounders, whereas intake of refined grain was positively associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (P for trend = 0.04) and a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet Records', 'Edible Grain', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,375,578 | Do plasma cell-free DNA as an indicator of severity of injury in burn patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Raised levels of plasma cell-free DNA have been detected in various patient groups, including trauma patients. We hypothesized that plasma DNA is increased in burn patients and may represent an objective indicator of burn severity and have predictive as well as prognostic significance.",
"This was a prospective clinical study with full ethical approval. With informed consent, blood samples were collected from 28 burn patients within 24 h of injury and from 12 control subjects. Plasma cell-free DNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the beta-globin gene. Descriptive analysis, non-parametric data comparison tests (Mann-Whitney) and correlation tests (Spearman rank) were performed on the data.",
"Samples were taken at a mean time of 5.7 h after injury from 13 patients with flame/flash burns and 15 patients with scalds. Median plasma DNA levels in the control, scald and flame/flash burn patient groups were 287, 648 and 2685 kilogenome-equivalents/L, respectively. Plasma DNA levels correlated with the length of hospital stay, but not with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) nor the length of ICU stay. DNA levels correlated with the burn surface area (Spearman rank r = 0.54, p = 0.04) and the number of operations needed (Spearman rank r = 0.55, p = 0.03) for scalds, but not for flame/flash burns."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Surface Area",
"Burns",
"Case-Control Studies",
"DNA",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Plasma",
"Prognosis"
]
} | Plasma DNA is increased after burn injury and is significantly correlated with some outcome measures, including the length of hospital stay. DNA levels are higher in flame/flash patients than in scald patients; the difference may provide an objective indication of burn depth and inhalation injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do plasma cell-free DNA as an indicator of severity of injury in burn patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Raised levels of plasma cell-free DNA have been detected in various patient groups, including trauma patients. We hypothesized that plasma DNA is increased in burn patients and may represent an objective indicator of burn severity and have predictive as well as prognostic significance.', 'This was a prospective clinical study with full ethical approval. With informed consent, blood samples were collected from 28 burn patients within 24 h of injury and from 12 control subjects. Plasma cell-free DNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the beta-globin gene. Descriptive analysis, non-parametric data comparison tests (Mann-Whitney) and correlation tests (Spearman rank) were performed on the data.', 'Samples were taken at a mean time of 5.7 h after injury from 13 patients with flame/flash burns and 15 patients with scalds. Median plasma DNA levels in the control, scald and flame/flash burn patient groups were 287, 648 and 2685 kilogenome-equivalents/L, respectively. Plasma DNA levels correlated with the length of hospital stay, but not with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) nor the length of ICU stay. DNA levels correlated with the burn surface area (Spearman rank r = 0.54, p = 0.04) and the number of operations needed (Spearman rank r = 0.55, p = 0.03) for scalds, but not for flame/flash burns.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Body Surface Area', 'Burns', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Plasma', 'Prognosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,507 | Do plasma D-dimer levels show correlation with number of lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Systemic activation of hemostasis and fibrolysis has been shown to be related to tumor progression in patients with malignancies such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer, but there has been no report of these clotting abnormalities in esophageal cancer. We investigated the clinical importance of measuring plasma levels of D-dimer (DD), which is a marker of the hypercoagulable stage, in preoperative patients with esophageal cancer.",
"Preoperative plasma DD levels were measured in 96 patients with primary esophageal cancer who were scheduled for esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy without preoperative treatment at our hospital. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.",
"Significantly different plasma DD levels were found with respect to histologic T (p = 0.0015), histologic N (p < 0.0001), number of metastatic nodes (p < 0.0001), and histologic stages (p < 0.0001). The number of lymph node metastases (0/1 to 3/4 to 7/8-) was found to have the strongest association with DD level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation 0.591, p < 0.0001). The most useful cut-off level of the plasma DD levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 microg/mL, with specificity and sensitivity for lymph node metastasis being 62.9% and 88.2%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Esophageal Neoplasms",
"Esophagectomy",
"Female",
"Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve"
]
} | Plasma DD levels are useful for assessing lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer and should be measured preoperatively. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do plasma D-dimer levels show correlation with number of lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Systemic activation of hemostasis and fibrolysis has been shown to be related to tumor progression in patients with malignancies such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer, but there has been no report of these clotting abnormalities in esophageal cancer. We investigated the clinical importance of measuring plasma levels of D-dimer (DD), which is a marker of the hypercoagulable stage, in preoperative patients with esophageal cancer.', 'Preoperative plasma DD levels were measured in 96 patients with primary esophageal cancer who were scheduled for esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy without preoperative treatment at our hospital. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.', 'Significantly different plasma DD levels were found with respect to histologic T (p = 0.0015), histologic N (p < 0.0001), number of metastatic nodes (p < 0.0001), and histologic stages (p < 0.0001). The number of lymph node metastases (0/1 to 3/4 to 7/8-) was found to have the strongest association with DD level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation 0.591, p < 0.0001). The most useful cut-off level of the plasma DD levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 microg/mL, with specificity and sensitivity for lymph node metastasis being 62.9% and 88.2%, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagectomy', 'Female', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,297 | Does folic acid supplementation reduce the development of some blood cell abnormalities in children receiving carbamazepine? | {
"contexts": [
"Carbamazepine is a commonly used anticonvulsant agent; however, it has been linked with various blood cell abnormalities. This study evaluated the effect of low-dose folic acid supplementation on the prevention of carbamazepine-induced hematological derangements in children.",
"This randomized clinical trial was conducted in children with epilepsy who received carbamazepine monotherapy. Group 1 received carbamazepine alone, and group 2 received carbamazepine plus folic acid. The two groups were age- and sex-matched. Each group comprised 41 children with epilepsy. Complete blood counts were obtained before starting medication (baseline) and then serially. The patients were followed for at least 1 year.",
"In group 1, 31.4% of the patients developed leukopenia and 17.1% neutropenia, but in group 2, these figures were 14.6 and 9.8% (P = 0.067 and P = 0.331, respectively). At the end of the first year of follow up, white blood cell and polymorphonuclear cell counts were significantly higher in group 2 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively). Hemoglobin concentration dropped in group 1, but rose slightly in group 2; these changes were significant. Platelet, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts and changes in serial blood tests did not differ significantly between the two groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Anticonvulsants",
"Carbamazepine",
"Child",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Female",
"Folic Acid",
"Hematinics",
"Humans",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Leukopenia",
"Male",
"Neutropenia",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Folic acid is a safe drug that can reduce the development of some blood cell abnormalities linked to carbamazepine. It has a favorable effect on preventing the leukopenia and drop in hemoglobin observed in patients receiving carbamazepine, but its exact effect and the optimal dose required to enhance its benefits require further investigation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does folic acid supplementation reduce the development of some blood cell abnormalities in children receiving carbamazepine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Carbamazepine is a commonly used anticonvulsant agent; however, it has been linked with various blood cell abnormalities. This study evaluated the effect of low-dose folic acid supplementation on the prevention of carbamazepine-induced hematological derangements in children.', 'This randomized clinical trial was conducted in children with epilepsy who received carbamazepine monotherapy. Group 1 received carbamazepine alone, and group 2 received carbamazepine plus folic acid. The two groups were age- and sex-matched. Each group comprised 41 children with epilepsy. Complete blood counts were obtained before starting medication (baseline) and then serially. The patients were followed for at least 1 year.', 'In group 1, 31.4% of the patients developed leukopenia and 17.1% neutropenia, but in group 2, these figures were 14.6 and 9.8% (P = 0.067 and P = 0.331, respectively). At the end of the first year of follow up, white blood cell and polymorphonuclear cell counts were significantly higher in group 2 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively). Hemoglobin concentration dropped in group 1, but rose slightly in group 2; these changes were significant. Platelet, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts and changes in serial blood tests did not differ significantly between the two groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Carbamazepine', 'Child', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Hematinics', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Leukopenia', 'Male', 'Neutropenia', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,287 | Is eosinophilia in the upper gastrointestinal tract a characteristic feature in cow 's milk sensitive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease . Measurement by two methodologies? | {
"contexts": [
"An association between cow's milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.",
"To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow's milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.",
"GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow's milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow's milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods-counting the number of cells/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.",
"Cow's milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Biopsy",
"Cell Count",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Eosinophilia",
"Eosinophils",
"Esophagoscopy",
"Esophagus",
"Female",
"Gastroesophageal Reflux",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Milk Hypersensitivity",
"T-Lymphocytes"
]
} | CMH was found not only in infants but also in school age children with GERD. Histology did not identify the cow's milk sensitive GERD subgroup. The computerised histological method provides a more complete evaluation based upon total biopsy area, and helped to limit the bias of uneven biopsy size. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is eosinophilia in the upper gastrointestinal tract a characteristic feature in cow 's milk sensitive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease . Measurement by two methodologies?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"An association between cow's milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.\", \"To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow's milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.\", \"GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow's milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow's milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods-counting the number of cells/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.\", \"Cow's milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Biopsy', 'Cell Count', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eosinophilia', 'Eosinophils', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'T-Lymphocytes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,387,828 | Is coronary flow reserve preserved in white-coat hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the possible influence of white-coat hypertension (WCH) on coronary flow reserve (CFR).",
"CFR was measured by means of transthoracic second harmonic Doppler echocardiography in 29 patients with WCH, 32 patients with sustained hypertension and 35 healthy volunteers.",
"CFR was significantly lower in the sustained hypertension group than in the WCH and the control groups, but it was not different between the WCH and the control groups (2.40 (SD 0.54), 2.77 (0.41) and 2.83 (0.60), respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Blood Pressure",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Echocardiography",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | CFR is preserved in patients with WCH. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is coronary flow reserve preserved in white-coat hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the possible influence of white-coat hypertension (WCH) on coronary flow reserve (CFR).', 'CFR was measured by means of transthoracic second harmonic Doppler echocardiography in 29 patients with WCH, 32 patients with sustained hypertension and 35 healthy volunteers.', 'CFR was significantly lower in the sustained hypertension group than in the WCH and the control groups, but it was not different between the WCH and the control groups (2.40 (SD 0.54), 2.77 (0.41) and 2.83 (0.60), respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,753 | Is first-trimester maternal serum level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A an independent predictor of fetal maxillary bone length? | {
"contexts": [
"To derive a nomogram of fetal maxillary bone length (MAX) for a Chinese population and to study whether first-trimester maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is an independent predictor of fetal MAX.",
"This was a prospective observational study over 10 months examining Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy who attended the first-trimester screening program for Down syndrome. The subjects had the fetal crown-rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency, MAX, maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fbeta-hCG) levels measured. A nomogram of MAX was derived using normal pregnancies with reliable dates. The correlations between MAX, CRL, PAPP-A and fbeta-hCG levels were studied, after correction for gestational dependency using Z-score transformation for the ultrasound markers (Z-MAX and Z-CRL), and logarithmic transformation of multiple of gestation-specific medians for the biochemical markers (log10PAPP-A multiples of the median (MoM) and log10fbeta-hCG MoM), using the Pearson test and multiple regression analysis.",
"During the study period, 607 Chinese women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at the first-trimester screening was 12 + 4 weeks (SD, 4 days). Curve estimation analysis showed that a linear relationship fit best between MAX and CRL (MAX (mm) = -0.01 + 0.101 * CRL (mm); r = 0.826; P < 0.0001), and between MAX and gestational age (MAX (mm) = -8.465 + 0.170 * gestational age (day); r = 0.754; SD = 0.71; P < 0.0001). There were significant positive correlations between Z-MAX and Z-CRL (r = 0.627; P = < 0.0001), Z-MAX and log10PAPP-A MoM (r = 0.239; P = < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that both Z-CRL (P = < 0.0001) and log10 PAPP-A MoM (P = 0.048) were independent predictors for Z-MAX."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Biomarkers",
"Crown-Rump Length",
"Down Syndrome",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Maxilla",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Trimester, First",
"Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A",
"Prenatal Diagnosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reference Values"
]
} | Both CRL and maternal levels of PAPP-A are independent predictors of the fetal MAX measured during the first trimester. The positive correlation between PAPP-A levels and fetal MAX is consistent with the known biological function of PAPP-A on bone growth. This association must be adjusted for when both PAPP-A and MAX are combined for screening of Down syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is first-trimester maternal serum level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A an independent predictor of fetal maxillary bone length?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To derive a nomogram of fetal maxillary bone length (MAX) for a Chinese population and to study whether first-trimester maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is an independent predictor of fetal MAX.', 'This was a prospective observational study over 10 months examining Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy who attended the first-trimester screening program for Down syndrome. The subjects had the fetal crown-rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency, MAX, maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fbeta-hCG) levels measured. A nomogram of MAX was derived using normal pregnancies with reliable dates. The correlations between MAX, CRL, PAPP-A and fbeta-hCG levels were studied, after correction for gestational dependency using Z-score transformation for the ultrasound markers (Z-MAX and Z-CRL), and logarithmic transformation of multiple of gestation-specific medians for the biochemical markers (log10PAPP-A multiples of the median (MoM) and log10fbeta-hCG MoM), using the Pearson test and multiple regression analysis.', 'During the study period, 607 Chinese women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at the first-trimester screening was 12 + 4 weeks (SD, 4 days). Curve estimation analysis showed that a linear relationship fit best between MAX and CRL (MAX (mm) = -0.01 + 0.101 * CRL (mm); r = 0.826; P < 0.0001), and between MAX and gestational age (MAX (mm) = -8.465 + 0.170 * gestational age (day); r = 0.754; SD = 0.71; P < 0.0001). There were significant positive correlations between Z-MAX and Z-CRL (r = 0.627; P = < 0.0001), Z-MAX and log10PAPP-A MoM (r = 0.239; P = < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that both Z-CRL (P = < 0.0001) and log10 PAPP-A MoM (P = 0.048) were independent predictors for Z-MAX.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers', 'Crown-Rump Length', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Maxilla', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,187 | Does minimal extrathyroid extension affect the relapse-free survival of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring 4 cm or less over the age of 45 years? | {
"contexts": [
"In the most recent version of the UICC TNM classification system for thyroid carcinoma, tumors with minimal extrathyroid extension were classified as T3. In this study, we investigated whether this upgrading is appropriate for papillary thyroid carcinoma.",
"We investigated the difference in the relapse-free survival (RFS) rate between patients with tumors having no, minimal, and massive extrathyroid extension in a series of 502 patients over the age of 45 years.",
"Patients with tumors showing massive extension showed a worse RFS rate except for those with tumors measuring 1 cm or less. However, there was no significant difference in RFS between tumors measuring 4 cm or less showing no or minimal extension. In an investigation of 409 patients without any clinically apparent node metastasis, the RFS of patients with tumors larger than 4 cm with massive extension was significantly worse than those with tumors measuring 4 cm or less, while the RFS of patients with tumors with either no or minimal extension did not depend on the tumor size."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma, Papillary",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Survival Analysis",
"Thyroid Neoplasms"
]
} | These findings suggest that tumors with minimal extension should be classified to have the same T grade as those without such extension, and upstaging of such tumors is therefore not appropriate. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does minimal extrathyroid extension affect the relapse-free survival of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring 4 cm or less over the age of 45 years?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In the most recent version of the UICC TNM classification system for thyroid carcinoma, tumors with minimal extrathyroid extension were classified as T3. In this study, we investigated whether this upgrading is appropriate for papillary thyroid carcinoma.', 'We investigated the difference in the relapse-free survival (RFS) rate between patients with tumors having no, minimal, and massive extrathyroid extension in a series of 502 patients over the age of 45 years.', 'Patients with tumors showing massive extension showed a worse RFS rate except for those with tumors measuring 1 cm or less. However, there was no significant difference in RFS between tumors measuring 4 cm or less showing no or minimal extension. In an investigation of 409 patients without any clinically apparent node metastasis, the RFS of patients with tumors larger than 4 cm with massive extension was significantly worse than those with tumors measuring 4 cm or less, while the RFS of patients with tumors with either no or minimal extension did not depend on the tumor size.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,384,532 | Does 17Beta-estradiol suppress TLR3-induced cytokine and chemokine production in endometrial epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The human endometrium is an important site for contact between the host and pathogens ascending the reproductive tract, and thus plays an important role in female reproductive tract immunity. Previous work in our laboratory has suggested that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in endometrial epithelial recognition of pathogens and that ligation of endometrial TLRs results in the production of cytokines and chemokines important for both immune and reproductive functions of the endometrium. We have also demonstrated cyclic regulation of TLR3 mRNA and protein expression in human endometrium, suggesting that steroid hormones might play a role in the expression and function of TLR3. In this study, the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on TLR3 expression and function in endometrial cell lines were investigated.",
"Endometrial epithelial cell lines were cultured and examined for the presence of TLR3 and hormone receptors by endpoint RT-PCR. For hormonal studies, cells were pre-treated with ethanol vehicle, 10(-8) M E2, and/or 10(-7) M P. For antagonist assays, cells were treated with the ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780, or the PR antagonist, RU486, for two hours prior to treatment with hormones. Following hormone or hormone/antagonist pre-treatment, cells were stimulated with vehicle, the synthetic TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a negative dsDNA control, or a positive control. Cytokine and chemokine production post-stimulation was measured by ELISA. The effects of E2 and P on TLR3 mRNA and protein expression were measured using Real Time RT-PCR and FACS analysis, respectively.",
"Stimulation of TLR3-expressing cells with the synthetic TLR3 ligand, Poly I:C, resulted in the production of cytokines and chemokines important for endometrial function and regulation. Suppression of Poly I:C-induced cytokine and chemokine production by cells treated with 10(-8) M E2, but not cells treated with 10(-7) M P, was observed in endometrial epithelial cell lines expressing TLR3 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). The effects of E2 were not observed on cells which did not express ERalpha or in cells pre-treated with the ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780. Treatment with E2 did not affect TLR3 mRNA or protein expression. However, treatment with E2 did suppress cytokine and chemokine production resulting from TLR3 stimulation with Poly I:C, suggesting that E2 modulates TLR3 function."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Line",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Chemokines",
"Cytokines",
"Endometrium",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Fulvestrant",
"Humans",
"Mifepristone",
"Poly I-C",
"Polydeoxyribonucleotides",
"Progesterone",
"Receptors, Estrogen",
"Receptors, Progesterone",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate",
"Toll-Like Receptor 3"
]
} | The data presented in this study are the first indication that E2 can markedly alter the innate immune response to dsRNA, providing a previously unreported process by which E2 can alter immune responses. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does 17Beta-estradiol suppress TLR3-induced cytokine and chemokine production in endometrial epithelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The human endometrium is an important site for contact between the host and pathogens ascending the reproductive tract, and thus plays an important role in female reproductive tract immunity. Previous work in our laboratory has suggested that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in endometrial epithelial recognition of pathogens and that ligation of endometrial TLRs results in the production of cytokines and chemokines important for both immune and reproductive functions of the endometrium. We have also demonstrated cyclic regulation of TLR3 mRNA and protein expression in human endometrium, suggesting that steroid hormones might play a role in the expression and function of TLR3. In this study, the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on TLR3 expression and function in endometrial cell lines were investigated.', 'Endometrial epithelial cell lines were cultured and examined for the presence of TLR3 and hormone receptors by endpoint RT-PCR. For hormonal studies, cells were pre-treated with ethanol vehicle, 10(-8) M E2, and/or 10(-7) M P. For antagonist assays, cells were treated with the ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780, or the PR antagonist, RU486, for two hours prior to treatment with hormones. Following hormone or hormone/antagonist pre-treatment, cells were stimulated with vehicle, the synthetic TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a negative dsDNA control, or a positive control. Cytokine and chemokine production post-stimulation was measured by ELISA. The effects of E2 and P on TLR3 mRNA and protein expression were measured using Real Time RT-PCR and FACS analysis, respectively.', 'Stimulation of TLR3-expressing cells with the synthetic TLR3 ligand, Poly I:C, resulted in the production of cytokines and chemokines important for endometrial function and regulation. Suppression of Poly I:C-induced cytokine and chemokine production by cells treated with 10(-8) M E2, but not cells treated with 10(-7) M P, was observed in endometrial epithelial cell lines expressing TLR3 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). The effects of E2 were not observed on cells which did not express ERalpha or in cells pre-treated with the ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780. Treatment with E2 did not affect TLR3 mRNA or protein expression. However, treatment with E2 did suppress cytokine and chemokine production resulting from TLR3 stimulation with Poly I:C, suggesting that E2 modulates TLR3 function.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chemokines', 'Cytokines', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Fulvestrant', 'Humans', 'Mifepristone', 'Poly I-C', 'Polydeoxyribonucleotides', 'Progesterone', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Toll-Like Receptor 3']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,395,753 | Does steroid therapy improve endothelial function in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial dysfunction has been found to be present in subjects with both small and medium-size blood vessel vasculitides. We assess whether endothelial dysfunction was also present in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and whether it might be improved following steroid treatment.",
"Endothelial function was determined in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of 6 patients with biopsy-proven GCA diagnosed between January and May 2002 by measuring flow-mediated endothelial-dependent and independent vasodilatation (EDV and EIV) by brachial ultrasonography. Patients were assessed for endothelial function within 48 hours after the onset of steroid therapy, 4 weeks after the onset of steroid therapy, and 2 years after the disease diagnosis.",
"EDV was significantly impaired in patients with GCA compared with 12 matched controls [mean 2.9%, median 2.45% (range 2.1% to 4.7%) vs mean 6.5%, median 6.6% (range 3.9% to 9.3%) in matched controls; p = 0.002]. However, no significant difference existed between patients and controls in EIV. Significant improvement of EDV after the suppression of inflammation was achieved. At Week 4 after the onset of steroid therapy all 6 patients showed enhanced responses (p = 0.028). This improvement of EDV was still present when steroid treatment was ended, 2 years after diagnosis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biopsy",
"Brachial Artery",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Giant Cell Arteritis",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Methylprednisolone",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | Endothelial function is significantly impaired in individuals with active biopsy-proven GCA. The results highlight the importance of steroid therapy to improve endothelial function after suppression of the inflammation of GCA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does steroid therapy improve endothelial function in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endothelial dysfunction has been found to be present in subjects with both small and medium-size blood vessel vasculitides. We assess whether endothelial dysfunction was also present in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and whether it might be improved following steroid treatment.', 'Endothelial function was determined in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of 6 patients with biopsy-proven GCA diagnosed between January and May 2002 by measuring flow-mediated endothelial-dependent and independent vasodilatation (EDV and EIV) by brachial ultrasonography. Patients were assessed for endothelial function within 48 hours after the onset of steroid therapy, 4 weeks after the onset of steroid therapy, and 2 years after the disease diagnosis.', 'EDV was significantly impaired in patients with GCA compared with 12 matched controls [mean 2.9%, median 2.45% (range 2.1% to 4.7%) vs mean 6.5%, median 6.6% (range 3.9% to 9.3%) in matched controls; p = 0.002]. However, no significant difference existed between patients and controls in EIV. Significant improvement of EDV after the suppression of inflammation was achieved. At Week 4 after the onset of steroid therapy all 6 patients showed enhanced responses (p = 0.028). This improvement of EDV was still present when steroid treatment was ended, 2 years after diagnosis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy', 'Brachial Artery', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Giant Cell Arteritis', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,934 | Are plasma LDL and HDL characteristics and carotenoid content positively influenced by egg consumption in an elderly population? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately 1/3 of individuals have a high plasma response to dietary cholesterol (hyper-responders). Although increases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol have been observed, limited data exist regarding effects of egg consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and circulating carotenoids.",
"29 postmenopausal women (50-68 y) and 13 men (60-80 y) were assigned to either 3 eggs (EGG, 640 mg cholesterol/d) or an equal volume of cholesterol-free egg substitute (SUB, 0 mg cholesterol/d) for 30 d. Following a 3 wk wash out, subjects crossed over to the alternate diet. Individuals with a response to dietary cholesterol > 2.2 mg/dL for each additional 100 mg of dietary cholesterol were classified as hyper-responders while hypo-responders were those with a response <or= to 2.2 mg/dL. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy determined LDL and HDL size & particle concentrations. Dietary records were used to evaluate carotenoid consumption.",
"Hyper-responders had higher concentrations of both LDL (LDL-C) and HDL (HDL-C) cholesterol after EGG. In contrast, the concentrations of plasma LDL-C and HDL-C did not differ between the EGG and SUB for the hypo-responders. After EGG, hyper-responders had larger (>or= 21.2 nm) less atherogenic LDL particle (P < 0.001) and larger HDL particle (> 8.8 nm) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the total number of LDL or HDL particles. Regardless of response classification, all individuals had an increase in plasma lutein (from 32.4 +/- 15.2 to 46.4 +/- 23.3 ng/L) and zeaxanthin (from 8.8 +/- 4.8 to 10.7 +/- 5.8 ng/L) during EGG, yet hyper-responders displayed higher concentrations of carotenoids when compared to hypo-responders"
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | These findings suggest that the increases in LDL-C and HDL-C due to increased egg consumption in hyper-responders are not related to an increased number of LDL or HDL particles but, to an increase in the less atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Also, increases in plasma carotenoids after EGG may provide a valuable dietary source for this population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma LDL and HDL characteristics and carotenoid content positively influenced by egg consumption in an elderly population?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Approximately 1/3 of individuals have a high plasma response to dietary cholesterol (hyper-responders). Although increases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol have been observed, limited data exist regarding effects of egg consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and circulating carotenoids.', '29 postmenopausal women (50-68 y) and 13 men (60-80 y) were assigned to either 3 eggs (EGG, 640 mg cholesterol/d) or an equal volume of cholesterol-free egg substitute (SUB, 0 mg cholesterol/d) for 30 d. Following a 3 wk wash out, subjects crossed over to the alternate diet. Individuals with a response to dietary cholesterol > 2.2 mg/dL for each additional 100 mg of dietary cholesterol were classified as hyper-responders while hypo-responders were those with a response <or= to 2.2 mg/dL. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy determined LDL and HDL size & particle concentrations. Dietary records were used to evaluate carotenoid consumption.', 'Hyper-responders had higher concentrations of both LDL (LDL-C) and HDL (HDL-C) cholesterol after EGG. In contrast, the concentrations of plasma LDL-C and HDL-C did not differ between the EGG and SUB for the hypo-responders. After EGG, hyper-responders had larger (>or= 21.2 nm) less atherogenic LDL particle (P < 0.001) and larger HDL particle (> 8.8 nm) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the total number of LDL or HDL particles. Regardless of response classification, all individuals had an increase in plasma lutein (from 32.4 +/- 15.2 to 46.4 +/- 23.3 ng/L) and zeaxanthin (from 8.8 +/- 4.8 to 10.7 +/- 5.8 ng/L) during EGG, yet hyper-responders displayed higher concentrations of carotenoids when compared to hypo-responders'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,727 | Is generalized joint hypermobility more common in chronic fatigue syndrome than in healthy control subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed at (1) comparing the prevalence of generalized hypermobility in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and healthy volunteers, (2) examining the clinical importance of generalized hypermobility in patients with CFS, and (3) examining whether knee proprioception is associated with hypermobility in patients with CFS.",
"Sixty-eight patients with CFS filled out two self-reported measures (for the assessment of symptom severity and disability), were questioned about muscle and joint pain, and were screened for generalized hypermobility. Afterward, the patients performed a knee repositioning test (assessment of knee proprioception), and it was examined whether or not they fulfilled the criteria for benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS). Sixty-nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were screened for generalized joint hypermobility and performed the same knee repositioning test.",
"Compared with the healthy volunteers (4.3%, 3/68), significantly more patients with CFS (20.6%, 14/69) fulfilled the criteria for generalized joint hypermobility (Fisher exact test, P < .004). No associations were found between generalized joint hypermobility and the self-reported measures (including pain severity) or knee proprioception (Spearman correlation analysis). Knee proprioception was similar in both groups (Mann-Whitney U = 1961, z = -1.745, P = .81). Forty patients with CFS (58.8%) fulfilled the criteria for BJHS."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Joint Instability",
"Knee Joint",
"Middle Aged",
"Prevalence",
"Proprioception"
]
} | These data indicate that a subgroup of patients with CFS present with generalized joint hypermobility and most patients with of CFS fulfill the diagnostic criteria for BJHS. There appears to be no association between musculoskeletal pain and joint hypermobility in patients with CFS. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is generalized joint hypermobility more common in chronic fatigue syndrome than in healthy control subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study aimed at (1) comparing the prevalence of generalized hypermobility in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and healthy volunteers, (2) examining the clinical importance of generalized hypermobility in patients with CFS, and (3) examining whether knee proprioception is associated with hypermobility in patients with CFS.', 'Sixty-eight patients with CFS filled out two self-reported measures (for the assessment of symptom severity and disability), were questioned about muscle and joint pain, and were screened for generalized hypermobility. Afterward, the patients performed a knee repositioning test (assessment of knee proprioception), and it was examined whether or not they fulfilled the criteria for benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS). Sixty-nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were screened for generalized joint hypermobility and performed the same knee repositioning test.', 'Compared with the healthy volunteers (4.3%, 3/68), significantly more patients with CFS (20.6%, 14/69) fulfilled the criteria for generalized joint hypermobility (Fisher exact test, P < .004). No associations were found between generalized joint hypermobility and the self-reported measures (including pain severity) or knee proprioception (Spearman correlation analysis). Knee proprioception was similar in both groups (Mann-Whitney U = 1961, z = -1.745, P = .81). Forty patients with CFS (58.8%) fulfilled the criteria for BJHS.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Knee Joint', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Proprioception']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,724 | Does spinal manipulation reduce pain and hyperalgesia after lumbar intervertebral foramen inflammation in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"To document potential mediating effects of the Activator-assisted spinal manipulative therapy (ASMT) on pain and hyperalgesia after acute intervertebral foramen (IVF) inflammation.",
"The IVF inflammation was mimicked by in vivo delivery of inflammatory soup directly into the L5 IVF in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were determined by the shortened latency of foot withdrawal to radiant heat and von Frey filament stimulation to the hind paw, respectively. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vitro from L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) somata. DRG inflammation was examined by observation of the appearance and hematoxylin and eosin staining. ASMT was applied to the spinous process of L4, L5, and L6. A series of 10 adjustments were initiated 24 hours after surgery and subsequently applied daily for 7 consecutive days and every other day during the second week.",
"(1) ASMT applied on L5, L6, or L5 and L6 spinous process significantly reduced the severity and duration of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia produced by the IVF inflammation. However, ASMT applied on L4 did not affect the response in rats with IVF inflammation or the controls; (2) electrophysiological studies showed that hyperexcitability of the DRG neurons produced by IVF inflammation was significantly reduced by ASMT; (3) pathological studies showed that manifestations of the DRG inflammation, such as the increased vascularization and satellitosis, were significantly reduced 2 to 3 weeks after ASMT."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Electrophysiology",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Hot Temperature",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Intervertebral Disc",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Manipulation, Chiropractic",
"Neurons",
"Osteitis",
"Pain",
"Pain Management",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Time Factors"
]
} | These studies show that ASMT can significantly reduce the severity and shorten the duration of pain and hyperalgesia caused by lumbar IVF inflammation. This effect may result from ASMT-induced faster elimination of the inflammation and recovery of excitability of the inflamed DRG neurons by improving blood and nutrition supplement to the DRG within the affected IVF. Manipulation of a specific spinal segment may play an important role in optimizing recovery from lesions involving IVF inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does spinal manipulation reduce pain and hyperalgesia after lumbar intervertebral foramen inflammation in the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To document potential mediating effects of the Activator-assisted spinal manipulative therapy (ASMT) on pain and hyperalgesia after acute intervertebral foramen (IVF) inflammation.', 'The IVF inflammation was mimicked by in vivo delivery of inflammatory soup directly into the L5 IVF in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were determined by the shortened latency of foot withdrawal to radiant heat and von Frey filament stimulation to the hind paw, respectively. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vitro from L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) somata. DRG inflammation was examined by observation of the appearance and hematoxylin and eosin staining. ASMT was applied to the spinous process of L4, L5, and L6. A series of 10 adjustments were initiated 24 hours after surgery and subsequently applied daily for 7 consecutive days and every other day during the second week.', '(1) ASMT applied on L5, L6, or L5 and L6 spinous process significantly reduced the severity and duration of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia produced by the IVF inflammation. However, ASMT applied on L4 did not affect the response in rats with IVF inflammation or the controls; (2) electrophysiological studies showed that hyperexcitability of the DRG neurons produced by IVF inflammation was significantly reduced by ASMT; (3) pathological studies showed that manifestations of the DRG inflammation, such as the increased vascularization and satellitosis, were significantly reduced 2 to 3 weeks after ASMT.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Electrophysiology', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Manipulation, Chiropractic', 'Neurons', 'Osteitis', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,729 | Does chiropractic manipulation affect the difference between arterial systolic blood pressures on the left and right in normotensive subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to determine whether chiropractic manipulation is associated with any measurable changes in the difference between the arterial blood pressures on the left and right before and after treatment in normotensive subjects.",
"A nonrandomized, matched pair, controlled clinical trial, with the treatment (manipulation) group and control (resting) group matched for age and sex, was performed in chiropractic student clinics in London, UK. The treatment group consisted of 35 new patients presenting to a single student chiropractor between the start of April 2003 and the end of August 2003. The control group consisted of 35 nonpatients matched for sex and age. The intervention was chiropractic manipulation. Preintervention and postintervention systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in both arms through the use of a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer.",
"A significant difference was found between the pre- and posttreatment blood pressure differences for systolic pressures (P = .01), but no significant difference was found in either set of control data or the treatment diastolic values. A significant difference was also found between the treatment and control group's preintervention systolic differences (P = .002), but not between the groups at any other time."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arm",
"Blood Pressure",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Manipulation, Chiropractic",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Values",
"Systole"
]
} | Chiropractic treatment appears to have an effect on the difference in systolic blood pressure between the arms, which is not shown in the control group or the diastolic treatment group values. This may be attributable to a difference between the 2 groups' preintervention systolic values; however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups after intervention. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chiropractic manipulation affect the difference between arterial systolic blood pressures on the left and right in normotensive subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study is to determine whether chiropractic manipulation is associated with any measurable changes in the difference between the arterial blood pressures on the left and right before and after treatment in normotensive subjects.', 'A nonrandomized, matched pair, controlled clinical trial, with the treatment (manipulation) group and control (resting) group matched for age and sex, was performed in chiropractic student clinics in London, UK. The treatment group consisted of 35 new patients presenting to a single student chiropractor between the start of April 2003 and the end of August 2003. The control group consisted of 35 nonpatients matched for sex and age. The intervention was chiropractic manipulation. Preintervention and postintervention systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in both arms through the use of a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer.', \"A significant difference was found between the pre- and posttreatment blood pressure differences for systolic pressures (P = .01), but no significant difference was found in either set of control data or the treatment diastolic values. A significant difference was also found between the treatment and control group's preintervention systolic differences (P = .002), but not between the groups at any other time.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arm', 'Blood Pressure', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manipulation, Chiropractic', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Systole']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,683 | Is interleukin-12 essential for silicosis in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Silicosis features foci of inflammation where macrophages and lymphocytes precede and accompany fibroblast proliferation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and increased deposition of connective tissue matrix material. In the mouse following silica inhalation there is recruitment of natural killer-, B-, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes to the alveolar spaces, enlargement of bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT), and aggregation of lymphocytes surrounding small airways and blood vessels. A substantial fraction of the recruited lung lymphocytes produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IFN-gamma gene-deleted mice develop less silicosis than wild-type mice. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an important pathway for driving the adaptive immune response towards a TH1-like phenotype. We hypothesized that IL-12 might stimulate lymphocyte activation and the up-regulation of IFN-gamma, and consequently be an essential mediator for silicosis.",
"C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-12 deficient (IL-12 KO) mice were exposed to sham-air or crystobalite silica (61 mg/m3) by inhalation for 5 hours/day for 12 days and then studied from 1 to 112 days after exposure. Mice exposed to sham-air had normal lung histology at all time points. WT mice exposed to titanium dioxide (72 mg/m3) showed pulmonary macrophage recruitment but no increase in lung collagen. Both WT and IL-12 KO mice exposed to silica showed similar progressive lung pathology, increased wet lung weight and increased total lung collagen (hydroxyproline). IL-12 p35 mRNA was not increased in either strain after silica exposure; IL-12 p40 mRNA was up-regulated after silica in WT mice and constitutively absent in the IL-12 KO mice. IL-18 mRNA was not increased after silica exposure. The expression of IL-15 (an important driver for innate immunity, Natural Killer cell activation, and IFN-gamma production) was abundant in air-exposed mice and was increased slightly in the lungs of mice with silicosis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The axis of IL-12 driving IFN-gamma production is not essential for the full manifestations of silicosis in mice exposed to a crystobalite silica aerosol. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interleukin-12 essential for silicosis in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Silicosis features foci of inflammation where macrophages and lymphocytes precede and accompany fibroblast proliferation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and increased deposition of connective tissue matrix material. In the mouse following silica inhalation there is recruitment of natural killer-, B-, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes to the alveolar spaces, enlargement of bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT), and aggregation of lymphocytes surrounding small airways and blood vessels. A substantial fraction of the recruited lung lymphocytes produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IFN-gamma gene-deleted mice develop less silicosis than wild-type mice. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an important pathway for driving the adaptive immune response towards a TH1-like phenotype. We hypothesized that IL-12 might stimulate lymphocyte activation and the up-regulation of IFN-gamma, and consequently be an essential mediator for silicosis.', 'C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-12 deficient (IL-12 KO) mice were exposed to sham-air or crystobalite silica (61 mg/m3) by inhalation for 5 hours/day for 12 days and then studied from 1 to 112 days after exposure. Mice exposed to sham-air had normal lung histology at all time points. WT mice exposed to titanium dioxide (72 mg/m3) showed pulmonary macrophage recruitment but no increase in lung collagen. Both WT and IL-12 KO mice exposed to silica showed similar progressive lung pathology, increased wet lung weight and increased total lung collagen (hydroxyproline). IL-12 p35 mRNA was not increased in either strain after silica exposure; IL-12 p40 mRNA was up-regulated after silica in WT mice and constitutively absent in the IL-12 KO mice. IL-18 mRNA was not increased after silica exposure. The expression of IL-15 (an important driver for innate immunity, Natural Killer cell activation, and IFN-gamma production) was abundant in air-exposed mice and was increased slightly in the lungs of mice with silicosis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,397,925 | Do serum anti-p53 antibodies occur in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies? | {
"contexts": [
"P53 is a key protein which controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Auto-antibodies against p53 have been detected in some cancer patients and also in patients with autoimmune diseases. In these patients, the main cause of anti-p53 antibody occurrence was considered to be increased intracellular p53 protein in cancer cells and autoreactive lymphocytes, respectively. Intracellular p53 also increases with cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure and autoreactive lymphocytes play a role in the course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that anti-p53 antibody response may also occur in patients with heart failure due to ICM and IDC.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM.",
"70 eligible patients with heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (mean fractional shortening 12.03 +/- 3.93%) were included in the study. The aetiology of heart failure was IDC in 26 patients and ICM in 44 patients, according to the angiographic and echocardiographic findings.",
"Anti-p53 antibodies were not detected in any of the patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Autoantibodies",
"Biomarkers",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Disease Progression",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Anti-p53 antibodies do not occur in patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM, possible explanations are discussed in the text. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do serum anti-p53 antibodies occur in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies?\nContext: {'contexts': ['P53 is a key protein which controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Auto-antibodies against p53 have been detected in some cancer patients and also in patients with autoimmune diseases. In these patients, the main cause of anti-p53 antibody occurrence was considered to be increased intracellular p53 protein in cancer cells and autoreactive lymphocytes, respectively. Intracellular p53 also increases with cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure and autoreactive lymphocytes play a role in the course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that anti-p53 antibody response may also occur in patients with heart failure due to ICM and IDC.', 'The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM.', '70 eligible patients with heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (mean fractional shortening 12.03 +/- 3.93%) were included in the study. The aetiology of heart failure was IDC in 26 patients and ICM in 44 patients, according to the angiographic and echocardiographic findings.', 'Anti-p53 antibodies were not detected in any of the patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,387,045 | Is a vector-based , 5-electrode , 12-lead monitoring ECG ( EASI ) equivalent to conventional 12-lead ECG for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes? | {
"contexts": [
"The conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram (cECG) derived from 10 electrodes using a cardiograph is the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that a new 5-electrode 12-lead vector-based ECG (EASI; Philips Medical Systems, formerly Hewlett Packard Co, Boeblingen, Germany) patient monitoring system is equivalent to cECG in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes (ACSs).",
"Electrocardiograms (EASI and cECG) were obtained in 203 patients with chest pain on admission and 4 to 8 hours later. Both types of ECGs were graded as ST-elevation myocardial infarction if at least 1 of the 2 consecutive recordings showed ST elevation more than 0.2 mV, as ACS if one or both showed ST elevation less than 0.2 mV, T-wave inversion, or ST depression. Otherwise, the ECG was graded negative.",
"Final diagnosis was identical in 177 patients (87%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-91%; kappa = 0.81; SE = 0.035). ST-elevation myocardial infarction was correctly identified or excluded by EASI with a specificity of 94% (95% CI, 89%-97%) and a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI, 86%-97%; using cECG as the gold standard). Of 118 patients with enzyme elevations, an almost identical number (72 [61% by EASI] and 73 [62% by cECG]) had ST elevations. Both techniques were equivalent in predicting subsequent enzyme elevation (identical, 108/143; 75% of ACS and ST-elevation myocardial infarction ECGs by EASI and cECG). Thus, both ECG methods had exactly the same specificity of 59% (95% CI, 48%-69%) and sensitivity of 91% (95% CI, 85%-96%) for detecting myocardial injury."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Chest Pain",
"Electrocardiography",
"Electrodes",
"Humans",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reproducibility of Results"
]
} | EASI is equivalent to cECG for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a vector-based , 5-electrode , 12-lead monitoring ECG ( EASI ) equivalent to conventional 12-lead ECG for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram (cECG) derived from 10 electrodes using a cardiograph is the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that a new 5-electrode 12-lead vector-based ECG (EASI; Philips Medical Systems, formerly Hewlett Packard Co, Boeblingen, Germany) patient monitoring system is equivalent to cECG in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes (ACSs).', 'Electrocardiograms (EASI and cECG) were obtained in 203 patients with chest pain on admission and 4 to 8 hours later. Both types of ECGs were graded as ST-elevation myocardial infarction if at least 1 of the 2 consecutive recordings showed ST elevation more than 0.2 mV, as ACS if one or both showed ST elevation less than 0.2 mV, T-wave inversion, or ST depression. Otherwise, the ECG was graded negative.', 'Final diagnosis was identical in 177 patients (87%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-91%; kappa = 0.81; SE = 0.035). ST-elevation myocardial infarction was correctly identified or excluded by EASI with a specificity of 94% (95% CI, 89%-97%) and a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI, 86%-97%; using cECG as the gold standard). Of 118 patients with enzyme elevations, an almost identical number (72 [61% by EASI] and 73 [62% by cECG]) had ST elevations. Both techniques were equivalent in predicting subsequent enzyme elevation (identical, 108/143; 75% of ACS and ST-elevation myocardial infarction ECGs by EASI and cECG). Thus, both ECG methods had exactly the same specificity of 59% (95% CI, 48%-69%) and sensitivity of 91% (95% CI, 85%-96%) for detecting myocardial injury.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Chest Pain', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrodes', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,293 | Do cardioprotective-mimetics reduce myocardial infarct size in animals resistant to ischemic preconditioning? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) elicits two distinct windows of cardioprotection, an early phase that lasts for 1-2 h and a delayed phase that lasts for 24-72 h. However, there is conflicting data as to how long the heart is resistant to IPC-induced cardioprotection after the initial protection wanes, leading to the demonstration of IPC-resistance. This resistance to IPC appears to be dependent on the timing of the next IPC stimulus, the species of animals used and the model studied. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible IPC-resistance are unknown. It is also important to demonstrate therapeutic interventions that will produce cardioprotection during this period of IPC-resistance.",
"To examine potential mechanisms responsible for acute IPC-induced resistance, the NHE-1 inhibitor EMD 85131 (2-methyl-5-methylsulfonyl-1-(1-pyrrollyl)-benzoylguanidine), which exerts its effects via mechanisms distinct from IPC, and the K(ATP) channel opener bimakalim, which bypasses the signaling mechanisms of IPC to directly open K(ATP) channels, were examined in a canine model of IPC-resistance. One 10 min. IPC stimulus followed by 10 min. of reperfusion produced a significant reduction in IS/AAR compared to Control (7.1 +/- 2.6% versus 26.0 +/- 6.2%; P < 0.05). However, IPC did not significantly protect the myocardium if a 2 h reperfusion period occurred between the initial IPC stimulus and the subsequent prolonged (60 min) ischemic challenge (IS/AAR: 22.5 +/- 4.8%: P > 0.05). Furthermore, hearts treated with IPC followed by 2 h of reperfusion were resistant to an additional IPC stimulus administered just prior to the subsequent 60 min. occlusion period (IS/AAR: 22.9 +/- 3.2%: P > 0.05). In contrast, administration of the NHE-1 inhibitor EMD 85131 (IS/AAR: 7.4 +/- 2.5%: P < 0.05) or the K(ATP) channel opener bimakalim (IS/AAR: 11.8 +/- 2.4%: P < 0.05) both afforded significant cardioprotection when administered at 2 h of reperfusion in previously preconditioned canine hearts resistant to IPC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Benzamides",
"Benzopyrans",
"Cardiotonic Agents",
"Dihydropyridines",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dogs",
"Heart",
"Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Potassium Channels",
"Pyrroles",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers",
"Time Factors"
]
} | IPC resistance occurs in this canine model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, in spite of IPC resistance, hearts can still be pharmacologically protected by direct application of the K(ATP) channel opener bimakalim or the NHE inhibitor EMD 85131. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cardioprotective-mimetics reduce myocardial infarct size in animals resistant to ischemic preconditioning?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) elicits two distinct windows of cardioprotection, an early phase that lasts for 1-2 h and a delayed phase that lasts for 24-72 h. However, there is conflicting data as to how long the heart is resistant to IPC-induced cardioprotection after the initial protection wanes, leading to the demonstration of IPC-resistance. This resistance to IPC appears to be dependent on the timing of the next IPC stimulus, the species of animals used and the model studied. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible IPC-resistance are unknown. It is also important to demonstrate therapeutic interventions that will produce cardioprotection during this period of IPC-resistance.', 'To examine potential mechanisms responsible for acute IPC-induced resistance, the NHE-1 inhibitor EMD 85131 (2-methyl-5-methylsulfonyl-1-(1-pyrrollyl)-benzoylguanidine), which exerts its effects via mechanisms distinct from IPC, and the K(ATP) channel opener bimakalim, which bypasses the signaling mechanisms of IPC to directly open K(ATP) channels, were examined in a canine model of IPC-resistance. One 10 min. IPC stimulus followed by 10 min. of reperfusion produced a significant reduction in IS/AAR compared to Control (7.1 +/- 2.6% versus 26.0 +/- 6.2%; P < 0.05). However, IPC did not significantly protect the myocardium if a 2 h reperfusion period occurred between the initial IPC stimulus and the subsequent prolonged (60 min) ischemic challenge (IS/AAR: 22.5 +/- 4.8%: P > 0.05). Furthermore, hearts treated with IPC followed by 2 h of reperfusion were resistant to an additional IPC stimulus administered just prior to the subsequent 60 min. occlusion period (IS/AAR: 22.9 +/- 3.2%: P > 0.05). In contrast, administration of the NHE-1 inhibitor EMD 85131 (IS/AAR: 7.4 +/- 2.5%: P < 0.05) or the K(ATP) channel opener bimakalim (IS/AAR: 11.8 +/- 2.4%: P < 0.05) both afforded significant cardioprotection when administered at 2 h of reperfusion in previously preconditioned canine hearts resistant to IPC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Benzamides', 'Benzopyrans', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Heart', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Potassium Channels', 'Pyrroles', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,382,297 | Does carvedilol exert more potent antiadrenergic effect than metoprolol in heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"It is still uncertain whether or not there is a difference between metoprolol and carvedilol for the treatment of congestive heart failure. We attempted to determine the difference between the two beta-blockers in terms of their antiadrenergic effect during exercise in patients with heart failure and their efficacy based on the baseline plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration.",
"Fifty-three patients with mild to moderate heart failure with a radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction <40% received open label metoprolol or carvedilol in a randomized fashion. The increase in the heart rate normalized to the increase in the plasma norepinephrine concentration during exercise, was calculated as an index of adrenergic responsiveness during exercise.",
"The increase in heart rate normalized by the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, decreased after the initiation of beta-blockers in the carvedilol group, but not in the metoprolol group. The change in cardiac function was more favorable for carvedilol than metoprolol in patients who exhibited a higher baseline brain natriuretic peptide concentration."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists",
"Carbazoles",
"Carvedilol",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart Function Tests",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Metoprolol",
"Middle Aged",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Norepinephrine",
"Propanolamines"
]
} | Carvedilol exerts a more potent antiadrenergic effect than metoprolol during stress in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. Carvedilol appears to be more efficacious than metoprolol in patients who exhibit higher baseline brain natriuretic peptide concentrations. These differences should be kept in mind when selecting appropriate pharmacologic agents in the treatment of heart failure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does carvedilol exert more potent antiadrenergic effect than metoprolol in heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It is still uncertain whether or not there is a difference between metoprolol and carvedilol for the treatment of congestive heart failure. We attempted to determine the difference between the two beta-blockers in terms of their antiadrenergic effect during exercise in patients with heart failure and their efficacy based on the baseline plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration.', 'Fifty-three patients with mild to moderate heart failure with a radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction <40% received open label metoprolol or carvedilol in a randomized fashion. The increase in the heart rate normalized to the increase in the plasma norepinephrine concentration during exercise, was calculated as an index of adrenergic responsiveness during exercise.', 'The increase in heart rate normalized by the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, decreased after the initiation of beta-blockers in the carvedilol group, but not in the metoprolol group. The change in cardiac function was more favorable for carvedilol than metoprolol in patients who exhibited a higher baseline brain natriuretic peptide concentration.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Carbazoles', 'Carvedilol', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Function Tests', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metoprolol', 'Middle Aged', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Norepinephrine', 'Propanolamines']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,913 | Are long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads associated with COPD in women? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung function and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been associated with short-term exposure to air pollution. However, the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter from industry and traffic on COPD as defined by lung function has not been evaluated so far. Our study was designed to investigate the influence of long-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in 55-year-old women. We especially focused on COPD as defined by GOLD criteria and additionally compared the effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms by questionnaire data and by lung function measurements.",
"In consecutive cross sectional studies conducted between 1985-1994, we investigated 4757 women living in the Rhine-Ruhr Basin of Germany. NO2 and PM10 exposure was assessed by measurements done in an 8 km grid, and traffic exposure by distance from the residential address to the nearest major road using Geographic Information System data. Lung function was determined and COPD was defined by using the GOLD criteria. Chronic respiratory symptoms and possible confounders were defined by questionnaire data. Linear and logistic regressions, including random effects were used to account for confounding and clustering on city level.",
"The prevalence of COPD (GOLD stages 1-4) was 4.5%. COPD and pulmonary function were strongest affected by PM10 and traffic related exposure. A 7 microg/m3 increase in five year means of PM10 (interquartile range) was associated with a 5.1% (95% CI 2.5%-7.7%) decrease in FEV1, a 3.7% (95% CI 1.8%-5.5%) decrease in FVC and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 (95% CI 1.03-1.72) for COPD. Women living less than 100 m from a busy road also had a significantly decreased lung function and COPD was 1.79 times more likely (95% CI 1.06-3.02) than for those living farther away. Chronic symptoms as based on questionnaire information showed effects in the same direction, but less pronounced."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Chronic Disease",
"Environmental Exposure",
"Female",
"Germany",
"Humans",
"Microspheres",
"Middle Aged",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Prevalence",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Vehicle Emissions"
]
} | Chronic exposure to PM10, NO2 and living near a major road might increase the risk of developing COPD and can have a detrimental effect on lung function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads associated with COPD in women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lung function and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been associated with short-term exposure to air pollution. However, the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter from industry and traffic on COPD as defined by lung function has not been evaluated so far. Our study was designed to investigate the influence of long-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in 55-year-old women. We especially focused on COPD as defined by GOLD criteria and additionally compared the effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms by questionnaire data and by lung function measurements.', 'In consecutive cross sectional studies conducted between 1985-1994, we investigated 4757 women living in the Rhine-Ruhr Basin of Germany. NO2 and PM10 exposure was assessed by measurements done in an 8 km grid, and traffic exposure by distance from the residential address to the nearest major road using Geographic Information System data. Lung function was determined and COPD was defined by using the GOLD criteria. Chronic respiratory symptoms and possible confounders were defined by questionnaire data. Linear and logistic regressions, including random effects were used to account for confounding and clustering on city level.', 'The prevalence of COPD (GOLD stages 1-4) was 4.5%. COPD and pulmonary function were strongest affected by PM10 and traffic related exposure. A 7 microg/m3 increase in five year means of PM10 (interquartile range) was associated with a 5.1% (95% CI 2.5%-7.7%) decrease in FEV1, a 3.7% (95% CI 1.8%-5.5%) decrease in FVC and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 (95% CI 1.03-1.72) for COPD. Women living less than 100 m from a busy road also had a significantly decreased lung function and COPD was 1.79 times more likely (95% CI 1.06-3.02) than for those living farther away. Chronic symptoms as based on questionnaire information showed effects in the same direction, but less pronounced.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Chronic Disease', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Microspheres', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Prevalence', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Vehicle Emissions']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,349 | Does pAR-2 activating peptide-induced stimulation of pregnant rat myometrium contractile activity partly involve the other membrane receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"To study if spontaneous contractions augmented by proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-activating peptide serine-leucine-isoleucine-glycine-arginine-leucine (SLIGRL) involve coactivation of membrane chemoceptors and are associated with expression of PAR-2 mRNA in non-pregnant and pregnant rat myometrium.",
"Non-pregnant, mid-pregnant, and late pregnant rat uterine horn and small intestine segments were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen to determine PAR-2 mRNA levels by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Uterine rings were used for isometric tension recording. Effect of SLIGRL (0.1 mM) on spontaneous contractions before and after exposure to ibuprofen (cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 1.0 microM), SQ-29548 (thromboxane A(2) receptor inhibitor, 1.0 microM), ketotifen (histamine 1 receptor inhibitor, 10 microM), WEB-2170BS (platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor inhibitor, 10 microM), atropine (muscarinic receptor inhibitor, 0.1 microM), or ketanserin (serotonin receptor inhibitor, 10 microM) were compared. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's or Newman-Keuls post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis when appropriate."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Atropine",
"Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic",
"Fatty Acids, Unsaturated",
"Female",
"Hydrazines",
"Ibuprofen",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Ketanserin",
"Ketotifen",
"Metabolic Networks and Pathways",
"Myometrium",
"Oligopeptides",
"Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Pregnancy",
"Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptor, PAR-2",
"Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled",
"Receptors, Histamine H1",
"Receptors, Serotonin",
"Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2",
"Uterine Contraction"
]
} | P<0.05. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pAR-2 activating peptide-induced stimulation of pregnant rat myometrium contractile activity partly involve the other membrane receptors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study if spontaneous contractions augmented by proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-activating peptide serine-leucine-isoleucine-glycine-arginine-leucine (SLIGRL) involve coactivation of membrane chemoceptors and are associated with expression of PAR-2 mRNA in non-pregnant and pregnant rat myometrium.', \"Non-pregnant, mid-pregnant, and late pregnant rat uterine horn and small intestine segments were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen to determine PAR-2 mRNA levels by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Uterine rings were used for isometric tension recording. Effect of SLIGRL (0.1 mM) on spontaneous contractions before and after exposure to ibuprofen (cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 1.0 microM), SQ-29548 (thromboxane A(2) receptor inhibitor, 1.0 microM), ketotifen (histamine 1 receptor inhibitor, 10 microM), WEB-2170BS (platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor inhibitor, 10 microM), atropine (muscarinic receptor inhibitor, 0.1 microM), or ketanserin (serotonin receptor inhibitor, 10 microM) were compared. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's or Newman-Keuls post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis when appropriate.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Atropine', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Hydrazines', 'Ibuprofen', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ketanserin', 'Ketotifen', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Myometrium', 'Oligopeptides', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Pregnancy', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, PAR-2', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Receptors, Histamine H1', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2', 'Uterine Contraction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,254 | Do radiological findings support lateral residual tumour as a major cause of local recurrence of rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the sites of local recurrence following radical (R0) total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in an effort to elucidate the reasons for recurrence.",
"Thirty-seven patients with recurrence following curative resection for rectal cancer were identified from a population of 880 patients operated on by surgeons trained in the TME procedure. Two radiologists independently examined 33 available computed tomograms and magnetic resonance images taken when the recurrence was detected.",
"Twenty-nine of the 33 recurrences were found in the lower two-thirds of the pelvis. Two recurrent tumours appeared to originate from lateral pelvic lymph nodes. Evidence of residual mesorectal fat was identified in 15 patients. Fourteen of the recurrent tumours originated from primary tumours in the upper rectum; all of these tumours recurred at the anastomosis and 12 of the 14 patients had evidence of residual mesorectal fat."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm, Residual",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | Lateral pelvic lymph node metastases are not a major cause of local recurrence after TME. Partial mesorectal excision may be associated with an increased risk of local recurrence from tumours in the upper rectum. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do radiological findings support lateral residual tumour as a major cause of local recurrence of rectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine the sites of local recurrence following radical (R0) total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in an effort to elucidate the reasons for recurrence.', 'Thirty-seven patients with recurrence following curative resection for rectal cancer were identified from a population of 880 patients operated on by surgeons trained in the TME procedure. Two radiologists independently examined 33 available computed tomograms and magnetic resonance images taken when the recurrence was detected.', 'Twenty-nine of the 33 recurrences were found in the lower two-thirds of the pelvis. Two recurrent tumours appeared to originate from lateral pelvic lymph nodes. Evidence of residual mesorectal fat was identified in 15 patients. Fourteen of the recurrent tumours originated from primary tumours in the upper rectum; all of these tumours recurred at the anastomosis and 12 of the 14 patients had evidence of residual mesorectal fat.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,373,965 | Do biphasic chromatin structure and FISH signals in reflect intranuclear order? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the two parental allelic genes may selectively be expressed, regulated by imprinting, X-inactivation or by other less known mechanisms. This study aims to reflect on such genetic mechanisms.",
"Slides from short term cultures or direct smears of blood, bone marrow and amniotic fluids were hybridized with FISH probes singly, combined or sequentially. Two to three hundred cells were examined from each preparation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Alleles",
"Amniotic Fluid",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Cell Nucleus",
"Chromatin",
"Epigenesis, Genetic",
"Female",
"Fluorescent Dyes",
"Genome",
"Genomic Imprinting",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Genetic",
"Neoplasms",
"Neutrophils",
"Transcription, Genetic",
"X Chromosome Inactivation"
]
} | A small number of cells (up to about 5%), more frequent in leukemia cases, showed the twin features: (1) nuclei with biphasic chromatin, one part decondensed and the other condensed; and (2) homologous FISH signals distributed equitably in those two regions. The biphasic chromatin structure with equitable distribution of the homologous FISH signals may correspond to the two sets of chromosomes, supporting observations on ploidywise intranuclear order. The decondensed chromatin may relate to enhanced transcriptions or advanced replications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do biphasic chromatin structure and FISH signals in reflect intranuclear order?\nContext: {'contexts': ['One of the two parental allelic genes may selectively be expressed, regulated by imprinting, X-inactivation or by other less known mechanisms. This study aims to reflect on such genetic mechanisms.', 'Slides from short term cultures or direct smears of blood, bone marrow and amniotic fluids were hybridized with FISH probes singly, combined or sequentially. Two to three hundred cells were examined from each preparation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromatin', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Genome', 'Genomic Imprinting', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Genetic', 'Neoplasms', 'Neutrophils', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'X Chromosome Inactivation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,126 | Do gold-induced reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) mediate suppression of monocytic mitochondrial or secretory function? | {
"contexts": [
"The toxicity of anti-rheumatic gold compounds has limited their use and development, yet both the toxicological and therapeutic actions of these compounds remain unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Au(I) or Au(III) compounds mediate their ability to suppress mitochondrial activity.",
"Human THP1 monocytes were exposed to HAuCl(4) x 3H(2)O (Au(III)), or the anti-rheumatic compounds auranofin (AF) or gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) for 6-72 h, after which mitochondrial activity (succinate dehydrogenase) was measured. To assess the role of cellular redox status as a mediator of mitochondrial suppression, monocytes were pre-treated with a pro-oxidant (t-butyl hydroquinone, t-BHQ) or antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine, NAC ). ROS levels were measured 0-24h post-gold addition to determine their role as mediators of mitochondrial activity suppression.",
"AF was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial activity, followed by Au(III) and GSTM. Only Au(III) induced intracellular ROS; no ROS formation was observed in response to AF or GSTM exposure. Although anti- and pro-oxidants had some effects on mitochondrial suppression of Au compounds, collectively the data do not support redox effects or ROS formation as major mediators of Au-compound mitochondrial suppression."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Auranofin",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Gold Compounds",
"Gold Sodium Thiomalate",
"Humans",
"Mitochondria",
"Monocytes",
"Reactive Oxygen Species"
]
} | Our results do not indicate that ROS and redox effects play major roles in mediating the cytotoxicity of AF, GSTM or Au(III). | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do gold-induced reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) mediate suppression of monocytic mitochondrial or secretory function?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The toxicity of anti-rheumatic gold compounds has limited their use and development, yet both the toxicological and therapeutic actions of these compounds remain unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Au(I) or Au(III) compounds mediate their ability to suppress mitochondrial activity.', 'Human THP1 monocytes were exposed to HAuCl(4) x 3H(2)O (Au(III)), or the anti-rheumatic compounds auranofin (AF) or gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) for 6-72 h, after which mitochondrial activity (succinate dehydrogenase) was measured. To assess the role of cellular redox status as a mediator of mitochondrial suppression, monocytes were pre-treated with a pro-oxidant (t-butyl hydroquinone, t-BHQ) or antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine, NAC ). ROS levels were measured 0-24h post-gold addition to determine their role as mediators of mitochondrial activity suppression.', 'AF was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial activity, followed by Au(III) and GSTM. Only Au(III) induced intracellular ROS; no ROS formation was observed in response to AF or GSTM exposure. Although anti- and pro-oxidants had some effects on mitochondrial suppression of Au compounds, collectively the data do not support redox effects or ROS formation as major mediators of Au-compound mitochondrial suppression.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Auranofin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gold Compounds', 'Gold Sodium Thiomalate', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Monocytes', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,390,557 | Does plasmapheresis reverse all side-effects of a cisplatin overdose -- a case report and treatment recommendation? | {
"contexts": [
"Cisplatin is widely used as an antineoplastic agent since it is effective against a broad spectrum of different tumours. Nevertheless, it has several potential side effects affecting different organ systems and an overdose may lead to life-threatening complications and even death.",
"We report on a 46-year old woman with non-small cell lung cancer who accidentally received 225 mg/m2 of cisplatin, which was threefold the dose as scheduled, within a 3-day period. Two days later, the patient presented with hearing loss, severe nausea and vomiting, acute renal failure as well as elevated liver enzymes. In addition, she developed a severe myelodepression. After plasmapheresis on two consecutive days and vigorous supportive treatment, the toxicity-related symptoms improved and the patient recovered without any sequelae."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Cisplatin",
"Female",
"Hearing Loss",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Middle Aged",
"Nausea",
"Plasmapheresis",
"Renal Insufficiency",
"Time Factors",
"Vomiting"
]
} | To date, no general accepted guidelines for the treatment of cisplatin overdoses are available. Along with the experience from other published cases, our report shows that plasmapheresis is capable of lowering cisplatin plasma and serum levels efficiently. Therefore, plasma exchange performed as soon as possible can ameliorate all side effects of a cisplatin overdose and be a potential tool for clinicians for treatment. However, additional intensive supportive treatment-modalities are necessary to control all occurring side effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does plasmapheresis reverse all side-effects of a cisplatin overdose -- a case report and treatment recommendation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cisplatin is widely used as an antineoplastic agent since it is effective against a broad spectrum of different tumours. Nevertheless, it has several potential side effects affecting different organ systems and an overdose may lead to life-threatening complications and even death.', 'We report on a 46-year old woman with non-small cell lung cancer who accidentally received 225 mg/m2 of cisplatin, which was threefold the dose as scheduled, within a 3-day period. Two days later, the patient presented with hearing loss, severe nausea and vomiting, acute renal failure as well as elevated liver enzymes. In addition, she developed a severe myelodepression. After plasmapheresis on two consecutive days and vigorous supportive treatment, the toxicity-related symptoms improved and the patient recovered without any sequelae.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cisplatin', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Plasmapheresis', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Time Factors', 'Vomiting']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,945 | Does high-resolution intravital NADH fluorescence microscopy allow measurements of tissue bioenergetics in rat ileal mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"NADH fluorescence microscopy has been used as an index of the metabolic state of tissue but is associated with various obstacles such as low spatial resolution and quenching effects of blood pigments that prevent reliable monitoring of tissue bioenergetics. The objective of this study was to develop a system to monitor tissue bioenergetics in vivo using NADH fluorescence microscopy in the rat ileal mucosa.",
"Using an inverted microscope with an epifluorescence unit and an intensified charge-coupled device camera, NADH fluorescence images were visualized. Fluorescence intensity was measured of beta-NADH solutions at varying concentration (n = 6) and pH (n = 3) and in ex vivo (n = 6) and in vivo (n = 6) preparations of ileal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with isoflurane.",
"Intravital fluorescence microscopy reveals a map of the microcirculation that permits visualization of NADH fluorescence and intercapillary areas. The system was adjusted so a linear relationship between physiological concentrations of beta-NADH and fluorescence was achieved (r(2) = 0.98, p < .0001). Decreasing the pH of the solution had no effect on fluorescence intensity and fluorescence intensity in an anoxic ex vivo ileal segment was similar to that of the in vivo ileum after ischemia. Ischemia also resulted in spatial heterogeneity that was abolished by the addition of a 550-nm LP filter."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Ileum",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Ischemia",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Microscopy, Video",
"NAD",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | With this system, intravital NADH fluorescence microscopy provides the high resolution necessary to reliably monitor tissue bioenergetics in the rat ileal mucosa. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high-resolution intravital NADH fluorescence microscopy allow measurements of tissue bioenergetics in rat ileal mucosa?\nContext: {'contexts': ['NADH fluorescence microscopy has been used as an index of the metabolic state of tissue but is associated with various obstacles such as low spatial resolution and quenching effects of blood pigments that prevent reliable monitoring of tissue bioenergetics. The objective of this study was to develop a system to monitor tissue bioenergetics in vivo using NADH fluorescence microscopy in the rat ileal mucosa.', 'Using an inverted microscope with an epifluorescence unit and an intensified charge-coupled device camera, NADH fluorescence images were visualized. Fluorescence intensity was measured of beta-NADH solutions at varying concentration (n = 6) and pH (n = 3) and in ex vivo (n = 6) and in vivo (n = 6) preparations of ileal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with isoflurane.', 'Intravital fluorescence microscopy reveals a map of the microcirculation that permits visualization of NADH fluorescence and intercapillary areas. The system was adjusted so a linear relationship between physiological concentrations of beta-NADH and fluorescence was achieved (r(2) = 0.98, p < .0001). Decreasing the pH of the solution had no effect on fluorescence intensity and fluorescence intensity in an anoxic ex vivo ileal segment was similar to that of the in vivo ileum after ischemia. Ischemia also resulted in spatial heterogeneity that was abolished by the addition of a 550-nm LP filter.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Microscopy, Video', 'NAD', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,946 | Are tissue bioenergetics and microvascular perfusion impaired in rat ileal mucosa in normotensive sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to a bacterial infection. Inflammation may result in injury to the small bowel and an increase in translocation of bacteria and toxins across the mucosal barrier, which may contribute to the progression of sepsis. Microcirculatory perfusion or cytopathic hypoxia may cause impairment of tissue bioenergetics and injury in sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine if sepsis is associated with microcirculatory hypoperfusion and impaired tissue bioenergetics in the ileal mucosa.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to cecal ligation and perforation (sepsis group, n = 12) or control group (n = 14) and received arterial and venous catheters and fluid resuscitation. Following 24 h, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and the ileum was prepared for intravital microscopy. Images of NADH fluorescence, which is an index of tissue bioenergetics, central arterial diameter, red cell velocity, red cell flux, and average intercapillary area, were recorded in 6-9 villi in each rat.",
"Central arterial red cell flux (control 277 +/- 30 cell/s, sepsis 108 +/- 13 cells/s, p < .05), diameter (control 10.4 +/- 0.4 microm, sepsis 8.2 +/- 0.3 microm, p < .05) and red cell velocity (control 590 +/- 47 microm/s, sepsis 449 +/- 63 microm/s, p < .05) were decreased while average intercapillary area (control 815 +/- 171 microm(2), sepsis 1412 +/- 364 microm(2), p < .05) and NADH fluorescence (control 116 +/- 6 AIU, sepsis 154 +/- 9 AIU, p < .05) were increased at the villus tip in the sepsis group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arterioles",
"Bacterial Translocation",
"Capillaries",
"Capillary Permeability",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Ileum",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Microscopy, Video",
"NAD",
"Perfusion",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Sepsis"
]
} | Sepsis is associated with bioenergetic impairment and capillary hypoperfusion at the villus tip and a decrease in red cell flux in the central arteriole. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are tissue bioenergetics and microvascular perfusion impaired in rat ileal mucosa in normotensive sepsis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to a bacterial infection. Inflammation may result in injury to the small bowel and an increase in translocation of bacteria and toxins across the mucosal barrier, which may contribute to the progression of sepsis. Microcirculatory perfusion or cytopathic hypoxia may cause impairment of tissue bioenergetics and injury in sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine if sepsis is associated with microcirculatory hypoperfusion and impaired tissue bioenergetics in the ileal mucosa.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to cecal ligation and perforation (sepsis group, n = 12) or control group (n = 14) and received arterial and venous catheters and fluid resuscitation. Following 24 h, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and the ileum was prepared for intravital microscopy. Images of NADH fluorescence, which is an index of tissue bioenergetics, central arterial diameter, red cell velocity, red cell flux, and average intercapillary area, were recorded in 6-9 villi in each rat.', 'Central arterial red cell flux (control 277 +/- 30 cell/s, sepsis 108 +/- 13 cells/s, p < .05), diameter (control 10.4 +/- 0.4 microm, sepsis 8.2 +/- 0.3 microm, p < .05) and red cell velocity (control 590 +/- 47 microm/s, sepsis 449 +/- 63 microm/s, p < .05) were decreased while average intercapillary area (control 815 +/- 171 microm(2), sepsis 1412 +/- 364 microm(2), p < .05) and NADH fluorescence (control 116 +/- 6 AIU, sepsis 154 +/- 9 AIU, p < .05) were increased at the villus tip in the sepsis group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Capillaries', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Microscopy, Video', 'NAD', 'Perfusion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sepsis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,018 | Are postprandial adiponectin levels unlikely to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate fasting and postprandial adiponectin levels in PWS patients as compared to obese and lean subjects and whether they could contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in this syndrome.",
"We studied 7 patients with PWS, 16 obese patients and 42 lean subjects for the fasting study. From this group, we evaluated 7 patients with PWS, 7 age-sex-BMI-matched obese non-PWS patients and 7 age-sex-matched lean subjects before and after the administration of 3,139.5 kJ (750 kcal) of a standard liquid meal (53.2% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 16.7% protein) after an overnight fast. Blood samples were obtained every 15 min for the first hour and every 30 min thereafter until 6 h. Adiponectin, IGF-I, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were measured.",
"Fasting plasma adiponectin levels were lower in PWS than in lean subjects (5.24+/-2.56 vs. 8.28+/-4.63 microg/ml, p=0.041) but higher than in obese patients (4.01+/-1.27 microg/ml, p=0.047). After the meal, adiponectin concentrations mildly decreased in PWS at time point 240 min, while in obese and lean subjects no changes were observed. However, 6-hour postprandial AUC for adiponectin was similar in all three groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Adult",
"Area Under Curve",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Composition",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Obesity",
"Postprandial Period",
"Prader-Willi Syndrome",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Fasting adiponectin levels are low in PWS, but they are so mildly modulated postprandially that these changes do not seem significant for the pathogenesis of obesity in this syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are postprandial adiponectin levels unlikely to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate fasting and postprandial adiponectin levels in PWS patients as compared to obese and lean subjects and whether they could contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in this syndrome.', 'We studied 7 patients with PWS, 16 obese patients and 42 lean subjects for the fasting study. From this group, we evaluated 7 patients with PWS, 7 age-sex-BMI-matched obese non-PWS patients and 7 age-sex-matched lean subjects before and after the administration of 3,139.5 kJ (750 kcal) of a standard liquid meal (53.2% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 16.7% protein) after an overnight fast. Blood samples were obtained every 15 min for the first hour and every 30 min thereafter until 6 h. Adiponectin, IGF-I, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were measured.', 'Fasting plasma adiponectin levels were lower in PWS than in lean subjects (5.24+/-2.56 vs. 8.28+/-4.63 microg/ml, p=0.041) but higher than in obese patients (4.01+/-1.27 microg/ml, p=0.047). After the meal, adiponectin concentrations mildly decreased in PWS at time point 240 min, while in obese and lean subjects no changes were observed. However, 6-hour postprandial AUC for adiponectin was similar in all three groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiponectin', 'Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Composition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Postprandial Period', 'Prader-Willi Syndrome', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,019 | Is age an important determinant of the growth hormone response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men? | {
"contexts": [
"The factors that regulate the growth hormone (GH) response to physiological stimuli, such as exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to determine whether age, body composition, measures of sprint performance or the metabolic response to a sprint are predictors of the GH response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men.",
"Twenty-seven healthy, non-obese males aged 18-32 years performed an all-out 30-second sprint on a cycle ergometer. Univariate linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate age-, BMI-, performance- and metabolic-dependent changes from pre-exercise to peak GH and integrated GH for 60 min after the sprint.",
"GH was elevated following the sprint (change in GH: 17.0 +/- 14.2 microg l(-1); integrated GH: 662 +/- 582 min microg l(-1)). Performance characteristics, the metabolic response to exercise and BMI were not significant predictors of the GH response to exercise. However, age emerged as a significant predictor of both integrated GH (beta = -0.547, p = 0.003) and change in GH (beta = -0.448, p = 0.019) after the sprint."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Body Composition",
"Exercise",
"Exercise Test",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Male"
]
} | In non-obese young men, age is a more important predictor of GH following sprint exercise than BMI, sprint performance or the metabolic response to sprint exercise. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is age an important determinant of the growth hormone response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The factors that regulate the growth hormone (GH) response to physiological stimuli, such as exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to determine whether age, body composition, measures of sprint performance or the metabolic response to a sprint are predictors of the GH response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men.', 'Twenty-seven healthy, non-obese males aged 18-32 years performed an all-out 30-second sprint on a cycle ergometer. Univariate linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate age-, BMI-, performance- and metabolic-dependent changes from pre-exercise to peak GH and integrated GH for 60 min after the sprint.', 'GH was elevated following the sprint (change in GH: 17.0 +/- 14.2 microg l(-1); integrated GH: 662 +/- 582 min microg l(-1)). Performance characteristics, the metabolic response to exercise and BMI were not significant predictors of the GH response to exercise. However, age emerged as a significant predictor of both integrated GH (beta = -0.547, p = 0.003) and change in GH (beta = -0.448, p = 0.019) after the sprint.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Body Composition', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,818 | Is heart-type fatty acid binding protein a novel prognostic marker in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether concentrations of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) measured before hospital discharge predict critical cardiac events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).",
"92 consecutive patients with DCM were enrolled and followed up for four years.",
"Serum concentrations of H-FABP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge and survival rate.",
"23 patients died of cardiac causes, received a left ventricular assist device or underwent heart transplantation during the four-year follow up. Univariate analyses showed that New York Heart Association functional class, heart rate, ejection fraction, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP were significant variables. According to multivariate analysis, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP concentrations were independent predictors of critical cardiac events. Cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge was not a predictor. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for death from critical cardiac events was similar between H-FABP and BNP. Patients with an H-FABP concentration at or above the median (> or = 5.4 ng/ml) had a significantly lower survival rate than those below the median, according to analysis by log rank test (p < 0.0001). When combined with BNP concentration at or above the median (> or = 138 pg/ml), H-FABP below the median predicted the worst prognosis among the combinations."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Death, Sudden, Cardiac",
"Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3",
"Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Prognosis",
"Stroke Volume",
"Survival Rate",
"Troponin T"
]
} | The concentration of serum H-FABP before discharge from hospital may be an independent predictor for critical cardiac events in DCM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is heart-type fatty acid binding protein a novel prognostic marker in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether concentrations of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) measured before hospital discharge predict critical cardiac events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).', '92 consecutive patients with DCM were enrolled and followed up for four years.', 'Serum concentrations of H-FABP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge and survival rate.', '23 patients died of cardiac causes, received a left ventricular assist device or underwent heart transplantation during the four-year follow up. Univariate analyses showed that New York Heart Association functional class, heart rate, ejection fraction, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP were significant variables. According to multivariate analysis, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP concentrations were independent predictors of critical cardiac events. Cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge was not a predictor. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for death from critical cardiac events was similar between H-FABP and BNP. Patients with an H-FABP concentration at or above the median (> or = 5.4 ng/ml) had a significantly lower survival rate than those below the median, according to analysis by log rank test (p < 0.0001). When combined with BNP concentration at or above the median (> or = 138 pg/ml), H-FABP below the median predicted the worst prognosis among the combinations.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Prognosis', 'Stroke Volume', 'Survival Rate', 'Troponin T']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,506 | Does transfusion increase the risk of postoperative infection after cardiovascular surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of the immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, we attempted to identify factors associated with blood product use and determine the association of transfusion quantity with postoperative infection.",
"We studied total perioperative transfusion of blood products for 15,592 cardiovascular operations performed from July 1998 to May 2003. Infection end points were septicemia/bacteremia (n=351, 2.2%) and superficial (n=353, 2.3%) and deep (n=212, 1.4%) sternal wound infections. Factors associated with blood product administration were used to form balancing scores to adjust for differences in patient characteristics among those receiving and not receiving blood products.",
"Fifty-five percent of patients received packed red blood cells (RBC), 21% received platelets, 13% got fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 3% got cryoprecipitate. Factors associated with RBC use included older age, female gender, higher New York Heart Association class, lower hematocrit, reoperation, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time--all indicative of higher-risk patients. The more RBC units transfused, the higher was the occurrence of septicemia/bacteremia (p < 0.0001) and superficial (p=0.0007) and deep (p < 0.0001) sternal wound infection. Use of FFP (septicemia/bacteremia) and platelets (septicemia/bacteremia and deep sternal wound infection) mitigated against this association only slightly."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Bacteremia",
"Blood Component Transfusion",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Female",
"Heart Diseases",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Plasma Exchange",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Surgical Wound Infection"
]
} | Blood products tended to be used in the sickest patients. But after accounting for this, risk of infection increased incrementally with each unit of blood transfused. Although cause and effect cannot be established, results suggested that blood product transfusion is an independent risk factor for postoperative infection in cardiac surgical patients, blood products are more likely to be used in the sickest patients, and no amount of blood loss treated by transfusion is innocuous. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transfusion increase the risk of postoperative infection after cardiovascular surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because of the immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, we attempted to identify factors associated with blood product use and determine the association of transfusion quantity with postoperative infection.', 'We studied total perioperative transfusion of blood products for 15,592 cardiovascular operations performed from July 1998 to May 2003. Infection end points were septicemia/bacteremia (n=351, 2.2%) and superficial (n=353, 2.3%) and deep (n=212, 1.4%) sternal wound infections. Factors associated with blood product administration were used to form balancing scores to adjust for differences in patient characteristics among those receiving and not receiving blood products.', 'Fifty-five percent of patients received packed red blood cells (RBC), 21% received platelets, 13% got fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 3% got cryoprecipitate. Factors associated with RBC use included older age, female gender, higher New York Heart Association class, lower hematocrit, reoperation, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time--all indicative of higher-risk patients. The more RBC units transfused, the higher was the occurrence of septicemia/bacteremia (p < 0.0001) and superficial (p=0.0007) and deep (p < 0.0001) sternal wound infection. Use of FFP (septicemia/bacteremia) and platelets (septicemia/bacteremia and deep sternal wound infection) mitigated against this association only slightly.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Bacteremia', 'Blood Component Transfusion', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Exchange', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Surgical Wound Infection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,087 | Does metformin inhibit proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-kappaB in human vascular wall cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Metformin may benefit the macrovascular complications of diabetes independently of its conventional hypoglycemic effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes participate in type 2 diabetes and its atherothrombotic manifestations. Therefore, this study examined the potential action of metformin as an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory responses in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages (Mphis), and endothelial cells (ECs).",
"Metformin dose-dependently inhibited IL-1beta-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in ECs, SMCs, and Mphis. Investigation of potential signaling pathways demonstrated that metformin diminished IL-1beta-induced activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in SMCs. Furthermore, metformin suppressed IL-1beta-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phosphokinases Akt, p38, and Erk, but did not affect PI3 kinase (PI3K) activity. To address the significance of the anti-inflammatory effects of a therapeutically relevant plasma concentration of metformin (20 micromol/L), we conducted experiments in ECs treated with high glucose. Pretreatment with metformin also decreased phosphorylation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) in ECs under these conditions."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Angiopathies",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Interleukin-1",
"Interleukin-6",
"Interleukin-8",
"Macrophages",
"Metformin",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"NF-kappa B",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Saphenous Vein"
]
} | These data suggest that metformin can exert a direct vascular anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-kappaB through blockade of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The novel anti-inflammatory actions of metformin may explain in part the apparent clinical reduction by metformin of cardiovascular events not fully attributable to its hypoglycemic action. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does metformin inhibit proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-kappaB in human vascular wall cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Metformin may benefit the macrovascular complications of diabetes independently of its conventional hypoglycemic effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes participate in type 2 diabetes and its atherothrombotic manifestations. Therefore, this study examined the potential action of metformin as an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory responses in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages (Mphis), and endothelial cells (ECs).', 'Metformin dose-dependently inhibited IL-1beta-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in ECs, SMCs, and Mphis. Investigation of potential signaling pathways demonstrated that metformin diminished IL-1beta-induced activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in SMCs. Furthermore, metformin suppressed IL-1beta-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phosphokinases Akt, p38, and Erk, but did not affect PI3 kinase (PI3K) activity. To address the significance of the anti-inflammatory effects of a therapeutically relevant plasma concentration of metformin (20 micromol/L), we conducted experiments in ECs treated with high glucose. Pretreatment with metformin also decreased phosphorylation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) in ECs under these conditions.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Macrophages', 'Metformin', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'NF-kappa B', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Saphenous Vein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,860 | Do physical activity and restlessness correlate with leptin levels in patients with adolescent anorexia nervosa? | {
"contexts": [
"In food-restricted rats, leptin suppresses semistarvation-induced hyperactivity (SIH) and decreases exploratory behavior. Leptin ameliorates anxiety-related movement in ob/ob mice. In this study, we assessed the relationship between leptin and qualities of physical activity and restlessness in acute anorexia nervosa (AN).",
"Serum leptin, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, and self- and expert-ratings of qualities of physical activity and restlessness were assessed in 26 inpatients with acute AN. Accelerometry was also performed. Regression analyses were used to predict activity and restlessness using BMI, % body fat, and leptin levels as predictor variables.",
"Leptin levels significantly contributed to the prediction of all measures of activity and restlessness."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adolescent Behavior",
"Anorexia Nervosa",
"Body Composition",
"Body Mass Index",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kinetocardiography",
"Leptin",
"Motor Activity",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Psychomotor Agitation",
"Self Disclosure",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | This is the first study linking hypoleptinemia in AN patients to subjective and objective measures of higher physical activity and motor and inner restlessness. Leptin may directly or indirectly (or both) influence behaviors and cognitions contributing to hyperactivity and motor restlessness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do physical activity and restlessness correlate with leptin levels in patients with adolescent anorexia nervosa?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In food-restricted rats, leptin suppresses semistarvation-induced hyperactivity (SIH) and decreases exploratory behavior. Leptin ameliorates anxiety-related movement in ob/ob mice. In this study, we assessed the relationship between leptin and qualities of physical activity and restlessness in acute anorexia nervosa (AN).', 'Serum leptin, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, and self- and expert-ratings of qualities of physical activity and restlessness were assessed in 26 inpatients with acute AN. Accelerometry was also performed. Regression analyses were used to predict activity and restlessness using BMI, % body fat, and leptin levels as predictor variables.', 'Leptin levels significantly contributed to the prediction of all measures of activity and restlessness.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetocardiography', 'Leptin', 'Motor Activity', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychomotor Agitation', 'Self Disclosure', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,378,611 | Is decreased plasma CXCL16/SR-PSOX concentration associated with coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate for the first time whether the plasma CXCL16 concentration is altered in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.",
"Accumulating evidence suggests that the novel chemokine/scavenger receptor CXCL16/SR-PSOX is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and CAD.",
"Using ELISA we assessed the plasma CXCL16 concentration in 40 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, 17 unstable angina pectoris/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UAP/non-STEMI) patients, 387 survivors of a first myocardial infarction (MI) and healthy control subjects (44 controls for SAP and UAP/non-STEMI patient groups and 387 controls for post-MI patients).",
"SAP patients exhibited significantly lower median CXCL16 levels (2111 pg/ml) than the corresponding control subjects (2678 pg/ml) (P=0.0012). UAP/non-STEMI patients also appeared to have lower CXCL16 levels (2192 pg/ml) compared with controls (NS). Patients investigated 3 months after MI tended (P=0.07) to have lower CXCL16 levels (2529 pg/ml) than the corresponding controls (2638 pg/ml). There were no significant correlations between CXCL16 levels and different measures of CAD severity determined by quantitative coronary angiography in post-MI patients. Neither patients nor controls exhibited significant correlations between CXCL16 levels and plasma lipoprotein fractions, inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein or numbers of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Chemical Analysis",
"Chemokine CXCL16",
"Chemokines, CXC",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoassay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptors, Scavenger",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Sweden"
]
} | The finding that lower plasma CXCL16 concentration is associated with CAD might indicate a potential atheroprotective function of CXCL16. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is decreased plasma CXCL16/SR-PSOX concentration associated with coronary artery disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate for the first time whether the plasma CXCL16 concentration is altered in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.', 'Accumulating evidence suggests that the novel chemokine/scavenger receptor CXCL16/SR-PSOX is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and CAD.', 'Using ELISA we assessed the plasma CXCL16 concentration in 40 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, 17 unstable angina pectoris/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UAP/non-STEMI) patients, 387 survivors of a first myocardial infarction (MI) and healthy control subjects (44 controls for SAP and UAP/non-STEMI patient groups and 387 controls for post-MI patients).', 'SAP patients exhibited significantly lower median CXCL16 levels (2111 pg/ml) than the corresponding control subjects (2678 pg/ml) (P=0.0012). UAP/non-STEMI patients also appeared to have lower CXCL16 levels (2192 pg/ml) compared with controls (NS). Patients investigated 3 months after MI tended (P=0.07) to have lower CXCL16 levels (2529 pg/ml) than the corresponding controls (2638 pg/ml). There were no significant correlations between CXCL16 levels and different measures of CAD severity determined by quantitative coronary angiography in post-MI patients. Neither patients nor controls exhibited significant correlations between CXCL16 levels and plasma lipoprotein fractions, inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein or numbers of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Chemokine CXCL16', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Scavenger', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Sweden']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,372,152 | Does method of presenting oncology treatment outcomes influence patient treatment decision-making in metastatic colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The methods used to communicate relevant outcomes in oncology to patients will likely influence treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of three different methods of describing the efficacy of therapy on treatment decisions regarding management of metastatic colorectal cancer.",
"Participants reviewed a clinical scenario and randomly received one of three ways of describing efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: (1) relative risk reduction, (2) tumor response rate, and (3) median overall survival. They received the same clinical scenario but were presented four treatment options: (1) observation and supportive care, (2) chemotherapy, (3) surgery, and (4) surgery and chemotherapy and the accompanying median overall survival estimate.",
"Participants included 102 preclinical medical students. In the first scenario, 85% chose chemotherapy in the relative risk reduction group, as did 88% of the tumor response rate group, but significantly fewer participants did so in the median overall survival group (35%; P < .001). In the second scenario, there was a significant difference in treatment preferences, with 4% of participants choosing observation/supportive care. None chose chemotherapy only, 19% chose surgery only, and 77% chose surgery plus chemotherapy (P < .001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Decision Making",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Physician-Patient Relations",
"Students, Medical"
]
} | This study demonstrated that different methods of describing oncology treatment outcomes associated with therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver can have a dramatic effect on patient treatment decisions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does method of presenting oncology treatment outcomes influence patient treatment decision-making in metastatic colorectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The methods used to communicate relevant outcomes in oncology to patients will likely influence treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of three different methods of describing the efficacy of therapy on treatment decisions regarding management of metastatic colorectal cancer.', 'Participants reviewed a clinical scenario and randomly received one of three ways of describing efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: (1) relative risk reduction, (2) tumor response rate, and (3) median overall survival. They received the same clinical scenario but were presented four treatment options: (1) observation and supportive care, (2) chemotherapy, (3) surgery, and (4) surgery and chemotherapy and the accompanying median overall survival estimate.', 'Participants included 102 preclinical medical students. In the first scenario, 85% chose chemotherapy in the relative risk reduction group, as did 88% of the tumor response rate group, but significantly fewer participants did so in the median overall survival group (35%; P < .001). In the second scenario, there was a significant difference in treatment preferences, with 4% of participants choosing observation/supportive care. None chose chemotherapy only, 19% chose surgery only, and 77% chose surgery plus chemotherapy (P < .001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Students, Medical']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,170 | Does hepatic arterial buffer response fail to restore hepatic oxygenation after temporary liver dearterialization in canines? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatic artery thrombosis is a rare but extremely troublesome condition after liver transplantation. Recently, urgent arterial revascularization has been used as rescue therapy, leading to improved graft and patient survivals. Hepatic artery ligation produces a progressive reduction in portal vein blood flow. Theoretically, a hyperemic response may be expected following hepatic artery reperfusion (hepatic artery buffer response, HABR). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HABR can maintain adequate liver oxygenation after temporary liver dearterialization.",
"Seven dogs (19.7 +/- 1.2 kg) subjected to 60 minutes of hepatic artery occlusion were observed for 120 minutes thereafter. Systemic hemodynamics was evaluated through Swan-Ganz and arterial catheters, and splanchnic perfusion by portal vein and hepatic artery blood flows (PVBF and HABF) via an ultrasonic flowprobe. Liver enzymes (ALT and LDH) and systemic and hepatic oxygen delivery (DO2hepat) were calculated using standard formulae.",
"Hepatic artery occlusion induced a progressive reduction in PVBF and DO2hepat. A complete restoration of HABF after hepatic artery declamping was observed; however, the DO2hepat (33.3 +/- 5.9 to 16.5 +/- 5.9 mL/min) did not return to the baseline levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Blood Pressure",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Constriction, Pathologic",
"Dogs",
"Hemodynamics",
"Hepatic Artery",
"Hypertension, Portal",
"Liver",
"Liver Circulation",
"Male",
"Models, Animal",
"Regional Blood Flow"
]
} | Temporary hepatic artery occlusion induced a progressive decrease in portal vein blood flow during ischemia, an effect that continued during the reperfusion period. The hepatic artery blood flow was promptly restored after declamping. However, HABR was not able to restore hepatic oxygen delivery to baseline levels during the reperfusion period. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hepatic arterial buffer response fail to restore hepatic oxygenation after temporary liver dearterialization in canines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hepatic artery thrombosis is a rare but extremely troublesome condition after liver transplantation. Recently, urgent arterial revascularization has been used as rescue therapy, leading to improved graft and patient survivals. Hepatic artery ligation produces a progressive reduction in portal vein blood flow. Theoretically, a hyperemic response may be expected following hepatic artery reperfusion (hepatic artery buffer response, HABR). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HABR can maintain adequate liver oxygenation after temporary liver dearterialization.', 'Seven dogs (19.7 +/- 1.2 kg) subjected to 60 minutes of hepatic artery occlusion were observed for 120 minutes thereafter. Systemic hemodynamics was evaluated through Swan-Ganz and arterial catheters, and splanchnic perfusion by portal vein and hepatic artery blood flows (PVBF and HABF) via an ultrasonic flowprobe. Liver enzymes (ALT and LDH) and systemic and hepatic oxygen delivery (DO2hepat) were calculated using standard formulae.', 'Hepatic artery occlusion induced a progressive reduction in PVBF and DO2hepat. A complete restoration of HABF after hepatic artery declamping was observed; however, the DO2hepat (33.3 +/- 5.9 to 16.5 +/- 5.9 mL/min) did not return to the baseline levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Dogs', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Liver', 'Liver Circulation', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Regional Blood Flow']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,173 | Does transfection of CD40Ig into liver prevent acute rejection in rat liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of CD40Ig upon acute rejection of rat liver transplants.",
"Thirty-two orthotopic liver transplants were performed using Lewis to BN rats with \"the two-cuff technique\". The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A served as controls (n = 10); group B (n = 11) and group C (n = 11); Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1 or Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1. CD40Ig complex was injected into Lewis portal vein ex vivo before cold storage of the liver. On the fifth day after transplantation, three rats in each group were killed to study the pathological changes and TUNEL immune histochemistry performed to examine CD40Ig expression. Lymphocytes were obtained from the spleen. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed to determine tolerance and sheep anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG)-FITC-labeled T cells counted by flow cytometry. Postoperative survival times of rats in each group were recorded. The pathological changes of dead rats were observed.",
"The mean survival times of group A and B were 11.00 +/- 4.28 and 12.75 +/- 5.57 days, respectively. There were serious acute rejections in allograft liver in groups A and B. Apoptosis index was 33.67 +/- 5.69 versus 39.00 +/- 5.29. Group C mean survival time was 41.25 +/- 13.70 days (P < .01). Immune histochemistry showed CD40Ig-positive elements in the allograft liver, which revealed light acute rejection and apoptosis index was 0.27 +/- 0.21 (P < .01). The part of the allografted liver in a dead rat showed light acute rejection while the others displayed chronic rejection. Recipients were specifically tolerant to donors in the MLR assay. The IgG-FITC-labeled T cells accounted for 11.57% of all T cells in group C."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Graft Rejection",
"Graft Survival",
"Humans",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Male",
"Portal Vein",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Survival",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Transfection",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | CD40Ig transfection inhibited T-cell costimulatory pathway, prevented acute rejection, and prolonged graft survival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transfection of CD40Ig into liver prevent acute rejection in rat liver transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of CD40Ig upon acute rejection of rat liver transplants.', 'Thirty-two orthotopic liver transplants were performed using Lewis to BN rats with \"the two-cuff technique\". The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A served as controls (n = 10); group B (n = 11) and group C (n = 11); Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1 or Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1. CD40Ig complex was injected into Lewis portal vein ex vivo before cold storage of the liver. On the fifth day after transplantation, three rats in each group were killed to study the pathological changes and TUNEL immune histochemistry performed to examine CD40Ig expression. Lymphocytes were obtained from the spleen. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed to determine tolerance and sheep anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG)-FITC-labeled T cells counted by flow cytometry. Postoperative survival times of rats in each group were recorded. The pathological changes of dead rats were observed.', 'The mean survival times of group A and B were 11.00 +/- 4.28 and 12.75 +/- 5.57 days, respectively. There were serious acute rejections in allograft liver in groups A and B. Apoptosis index was 33.67 +/- 5.69 versus 39.00 +/- 5.29. Group C mean survival time was 41.25 +/- 13.70 days (P < .01). Immune histochemistry showed CD40Ig-positive elements in the allograft liver, which revealed light acute rejection and apoptosis index was 0.27 +/- 0.21 (P < .01). The part of the allografted liver in a dead rat showed light acute rejection while the others displayed chronic rejection. Recipients were specifically tolerant to donors in the MLR assay. The IgG-FITC-labeled T cells accounted for 11.57% of all T cells in group C.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Portal Vein', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Survival', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transfection', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,162 | Do diabetes treatments have differential effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basal insulin, alone or with a sensitizer, or a combination of oral agents on nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).",
"We randomized 57 patients with T2DM to either (1) continuous subcutaneous basal Lispro insulin at a single rate using an insulin pump (basal insulin) or (2) basal insulin and oral pioglitazone 30 mg daily (basal insulin +Pio) or (3) a sulfonylurea and metformin (SU+M). We measured glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha), serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], and lipoprotein profile at baseline and after 20 weeks of treatment.",
"HbA1c decreased by >or=2% (P<.001) and to comparable levels (P=NS) in all groups. Despite improved glycemia, hsCRP did not change in any group, whereas plasma PAI-1 fell with basal insulin +Pio (P<.02) and SU+M (P<.01). PGF2alpha declined with basal insulin (P<.02) and SU+M (P<.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased only with basal insulin +Pio (18.2%, P<.05). Lp (a) increased with basal insulin therapy alone (P<.01). Data were pooled from all groups to determine the overall effect of glycemic control-there was a significant (P<.001) decline in HbA1c, PAI-1, and PGF2alpha and an increase in HDL-C (P<.001). There was no correlation between HbA1c reduction and changes in these parameters."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Dinoprost",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Lispro",
"Lipoproteins",
"Male",
"Metformin",
"Middle Aged",
"Pioglitazone",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"Regression Analysis",
"Risk Factors",
"Sulfonylurea Compounds",
"Thiazolidinediones"
]
} | We conclude that excellent glycemic control per se does not impact nontraditional risk factors for CVD equally, but various diabetes medications have different effects on these risk factors. These findings may have implications for making appropriate therapeutic choices for patients with Type 2 diabetes, although larger studies with more appropriate treatment comparisons may be necessary. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do diabetes treatments have differential effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basal insulin, alone or with a sensitizer, or a combination of oral agents on nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).', 'We randomized 57 patients with T2DM to either (1) continuous subcutaneous basal Lispro insulin at a single rate using an insulin pump (basal insulin) or (2) basal insulin and oral pioglitazone 30 mg daily (basal insulin +Pio) or (3) a sulfonylurea and metformin (SU+M). We measured glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha), serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], and lipoprotein profile at baseline and after 20 weeks of treatment.', 'HbA1c decreased by >or=2% (P<.001) and to comparable levels (P=NS) in all groups. Despite improved glycemia, hsCRP did not change in any group, whereas plasma PAI-1 fell with basal insulin +Pio (P<.02) and SU+M (P<.01). PGF2alpha declined with basal insulin (P<.02) and SU+M (P<.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased only with basal insulin +Pio (18.2%, P<.05). Lp (a) increased with basal insulin therapy alone (P<.01). Data were pooled from all groups to determine the overall effect of glycemic control-there was a significant (P<.001) decline in HbA1c, PAI-1, and PGF2alpha and an increase in HDL-C (P<.001). There was no correlation between HbA1c reduction and changes in these parameters.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['C-Reactive Protein', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dinoprost', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Lispro', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Metformin', 'Middle Aged', 'Pioglitazone', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sulfonylurea Compounds', 'Thiazolidinediones']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,395,639 | Does [ Private umbilical cord blood banking reduce the number of samples for scientific stem cell research ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Private umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking after delivery has increased over the last decade. For adult/somatic stem cell research UCB is an essential source of stem cells and researchers question if the number of UCB samples for research might be reduced by private banking.",
"A survey among seven private blood banks in Germany and analysis and comparison of the number of UCB samples donated for research within the STEMMAT project with private blood banking were performed from 03/2003 to 06/2005 at the Frauenklinik (OB/GYN), Technical University Munich, Germany.",
"Within 27.5 months 1,551 UCB samples were collected for research purposes; the effective recruitment rate was higher than expectations at an effective 66.2 %. Private UCB banking [n = 24] was distributed among three cord blood banks [n = 16, 6 and 4]. The rate of private blood banking was 0.99 % for all deliveries, thus reducing the effective rate for research purpose by only 1.5 %."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Banks",
"Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Embryo Research",
"Fetal Blood",
"Germany",
"Health Services Accessibility",
"Humans",
"Private Sector"
]
} | Under the assumption of active and successful recruitment of scientific UCB samples, private blood banking does not significantly reduce this rate and therefore is a negligible rival in the competition for sufficient numbers of UCB samples for research. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Private umbilical cord blood banking reduce the number of samples for scientific stem cell research ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Private umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking after delivery has increased over the last decade. For adult/somatic stem cell research UCB is an essential source of stem cells and researchers question if the number of UCB samples for research might be reduced by private banking.', 'A survey among seven private blood banks in Germany and analysis and comparison of the number of UCB samples donated for research within the STEMMAT project with private blood banking were performed from 03/2003 to 06/2005 at the Frauenklinik (OB/GYN), Technical University Munich, Germany.', 'Within 27.5 months 1,551 UCB samples were collected for research purposes; the effective recruitment rate was higher than expectations at an effective 66.2 %. Private UCB banking [n = 24] was distributed among three cord blood banks [n = 16, 6 and 4]. The rate of private blood banking was 0.99 % for all deliveries, thus reducing the effective rate for research purpose by only 1.5 %.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Banks', 'Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Embryo Research', 'Fetal Blood', 'Germany', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Private Sector']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,389,168 | Does motor cortical excitability remain unaffected of short-term hyperglycemia in Type 1 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia may precipitate seizures, and in experimental diabetes, indications for an increased neuronal excitability have been found. In this study, the excitability of the motor cortex and conduction of the central motor pathways were studied in diabetic patients in relation to the glycemic level.",
"Using a double-blind study protocol, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed in five Type 1 diabetic patients during normo- and hyperglycemia, using a hyperglycemic clamp technique. Single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic and single root stimulations were applied before and after 3 h of a fixed glucose level of 5 and 16 mmol/l. The percentage of change from baseline at the two glycemic levels was calculated and compared.",
"No difference in central motor conduction time was found comparing the change following normo- and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, no difference was observed for the changes in latency and amplitude following double stimulation with interstimulation intervals (ISIs) of 0-125 ms comparing normo- and hyperglycemia."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Efferent Pathways",
"Evoked Potentials, Motor",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Motor Cortex",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Neural Conduction",
"Thumb",
"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation"
]
} | The excitability of motor cortex and central motor nerve conduction in Type 1 diabetic patients are unaffected by short-term moderate hyperglycemia as compared with normoglycemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does motor cortical excitability remain unaffected of short-term hyperglycemia in Type 1 diabetic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia may precipitate seizures, and in experimental diabetes, indications for an increased neuronal excitability have been found. In this study, the excitability of the motor cortex and conduction of the central motor pathways were studied in diabetic patients in relation to the glycemic level.', 'Using a double-blind study protocol, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed in five Type 1 diabetic patients during normo- and hyperglycemia, using a hyperglycemic clamp technique. Single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic and single root stimulations were applied before and after 3 h of a fixed glucose level of 5 and 16 mmol/l. The percentage of change from baseline at the two glycemic levels was calculated and compared.', 'No difference in central motor conduction time was found comparing the change following normo- and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, no difference was observed for the changes in latency and amplitude following double stimulation with interstimulation intervals (ISIs) of 0-125 ms comparing normo- and hyperglycemia.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Cortex', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neural Conduction', 'Thumb', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,666 | Are meal and snack patterns associated with dietary intake of energy and nutrients in US adults? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that specific meal and snack patterns are associated with selected nutrient intakes in US adults.",
"Using the 24-hour dietary recall from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, meal and snack patterns were described in relation to nutrient intakes.",
"The study included US adults aged 20 years or older (n=15,978).",
"All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Linear regression analyses controlled for confounding factors, including energy intakes. Wald F tests were used for determination of significance between means of nutrient intakes by daily eating frequency or meal pattern groups.",
"Daily eating frequency was positively related to carbohydrate, folic acid, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, and fiber intakes and inversely related to protein, total fat, cholesterol, and sodium intakes. Meal patterns were further categorized into the five most commonly reported meal and snack combinations by population percentages including breakfast (B), lunch (L), dinner (D), and > or =2 snacks (S) (31.6%); B, L, D and 1 S (15.4%); B, D and > or =2 S (13.1%); B, L, D (8.3%); and L, D and > or =2 S (7.6%). Groups reporting B, L, D and 1 S and B, L, D and > or =2 S had the highest intakes of all micronutrients examined except cholesterol, vitamin B-6, and sodium. Breakfast skippers (L, D and > or =2 S) had the lowest intakes of all micronutrients examined except sodium."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diet",
"Dietary Carbohydrates",
"Dietary Fats",
"Dietary Fiber",
"Dietary Proteins",
"Eating",
"Energy Intake",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Micronutrients",
"Middle Aged",
"Nutrition Surveys",
"Time Factors",
"United States"
]
} | Findings from this cross-sectional survey suggest that meal and snack patterns may be markers for nutrient intakes and therefore diet quality. Complete nutrient intakes should be considered in investigations of meal patterns and health outcomes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are meal and snack patterns associated with dietary intake of energy and nutrients in US adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that specific meal and snack patterns are associated with selected nutrient intakes in US adults.', 'Using the 24-hour dietary recall from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, meal and snack patterns were described in relation to nutrient intakes.', 'The study included US adults aged 20 years or older (n=15,978).', 'All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Linear regression analyses controlled for confounding factors, including energy intakes. Wald F tests were used for determination of significance between means of nutrient intakes by daily eating frequency or meal pattern groups.', 'Daily eating frequency was positively related to carbohydrate, folic acid, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, and fiber intakes and inversely related to protein, total fat, cholesterol, and sodium intakes. Meal patterns were further categorized into the five most commonly reported meal and snack combinations by population percentages including breakfast (B), lunch (L), dinner (D), and > or =2 snacks (S) (31.6%); B, L, D and 1 S (15.4%); B, D and > or =2 S (13.1%); B, L, D (8.3%); and L, D and > or =2 S (7.6%). Groups reporting B, L, D and 1 S and B, L, D and > or =2 S had the highest intakes of all micronutrients examined except cholesterol, vitamin B-6, and sodium. Breakfast skippers (L, D and > or =2 S) had the lowest intakes of all micronutrients examined except sodium.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Dietary Fats', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Micronutrients', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Time Factors', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,390,668 | Is nutrition knowledge associated with greater weight loss in obese and overweight low-income mothers? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine if greater nutrition knowledge vs gains in knowledge promote more successful weight loss in low-income, overweight and obese mothers with young children.",
"A convenience sample of mothers and their children were measured for height and weight; mothers completed demographic and nutrition knowledge questionnaires pre- and post-intervention.",
"Participants (N=141) were recruited from government and public health clinics and elementary schools. Inclusion criteria for mothers were: family income <200% federal poverty level; overweight/obese; and Hispanic, African-American, or white race/ethnicity.",
"Eight weekly weight-loss classes emphasizing diet, physical activity, and behavior modification based on Social Cognitive Theory were administered to mothers.",
"Improvements in maternal nutrition knowledge and weight loss.",
"Paired-samples t tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, Pearson correlations, and chi(2) statistics.",
"Nutrition knowledge of mothers increased in all areas. Participants with weight loss > or =2.27 kg (responders) had greater knowledge than those who did not; however, the actual net gain was similar for those who lost and did not lose weight. Weight gainers only improved in two areas on the test, whereas weight-loss responders increased knowledge in all six. Responders appeared more cognizant of diet, weight loss, and health information."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Body Mass Index",
"Child",
"Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena",
"Child, Preschool",
"Diet Records",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Mothers",
"Nutritional Sciences",
"Obesity",
"Poverty",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | Weight-management programs should include a strong component of nutrition education to alleviate knowledge inequalities and promote more effective weight control. In low-income mothers, greater initial knowledge may be more predictive of weight loss than gains in knowledge during an intervention. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is nutrition knowledge associated with greater weight loss in obese and overweight low-income mothers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine if greater nutrition knowledge vs gains in knowledge promote more successful weight loss in low-income, overweight and obese mothers with young children.', 'A convenience sample of mothers and their children were measured for height and weight; mothers completed demographic and nutrition knowledge questionnaires pre- and post-intervention.', 'Participants (N=141) were recruited from government and public health clinics and elementary schools. Inclusion criteria for mothers were: family income <200% federal poverty level; overweight/obese; and Hispanic, African-American, or white race/ethnicity.', 'Eight weekly weight-loss classes emphasizing diet, physical activity, and behavior modification based on Social Cognitive Theory were administered to mothers.', 'Improvements in maternal nutrition knowledge and weight loss.', 'Paired-samples t tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, Pearson correlations, and chi(2) statistics.', 'Nutrition knowledge of mothers increased in all areas. Participants with weight loss > or =2.27 kg (responders) had greater knowledge than those who did not; however, the actual net gain was similar for those who lost and did not lose weight. Weight gainers only improved in two areas on the test, whereas weight-loss responders increased knowledge in all six. Responders appeared more cognizant of diet, weight loss, and health information.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diet Records', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Nutritional Sciences', 'Obesity', 'Poverty', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,474 | Is sustained phosphorylation of Bid a marker for resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis during chronic liver diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased rates of apoptosis have been reported to play a role in the pathophysiology of many disorders, including liver diseases. Conversely, genetic mutations that result in impairment of programmed cell death have been associated with cancer development. However, apoptosis resistance can also be the result of nongenetic stress adaptation, as seen in the cancer-prone metabolic liver disease hereditary tyrosinemia. To clarify whether stress-induced apoptosis resistance is a general feature of chronic liver diseases, an animal model of chronic cholestasis was examined.",
"Studies were performed with mice before and 2 weeks following bile duct ligation and with Fah-/- and Fah/p21-/- mice before and after NTBC withdrawal.",
"Here we show that bile duct ligation induced profound resistance against Fas monoclonal antibody-mediated hepatocyte death. The apoptosis signaling pathway was blocked downstream of caspase-8 activation and proximal to mitochondrial cytochrome c release. In controls, activation of the Fas receptor resulted in rapid dephosphorylation of Bid and its subsequent cleavage, whereas Bid remained phosphorylated and uncleaved in chronic cholestasis and other models of hepatic apoptosis resistance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Apoptosis",
"BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein",
"Bile Ducts",
"Caspase 8",
"Caspases",
"Cholestasis",
"Chronic Disease",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ligation",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Phosphorylation",
"Signal Transduction",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | We propose a model in which the phosphorylation status of Bid determines the apoptotic threshold of hepatocytes in vivo. Furthermore, resistance to apoptosis in chronic cholestasis may contribute to the long-term risk of cancer in this setting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sustained phosphorylation of Bid a marker for resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis during chronic liver diseases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased rates of apoptosis have been reported to play a role in the pathophysiology of many disorders, including liver diseases. Conversely, genetic mutations that result in impairment of programmed cell death have been associated with cancer development. However, apoptosis resistance can also be the result of nongenetic stress adaptation, as seen in the cancer-prone metabolic liver disease hereditary tyrosinemia. To clarify whether stress-induced apoptosis resistance is a general feature of chronic liver diseases, an animal model of chronic cholestasis was examined.', 'Studies were performed with mice before and 2 weeks following bile duct ligation and with Fah-/- and Fah/p21-/- mice before and after NTBC withdrawal.', 'Here we show that bile duct ligation induced profound resistance against Fas monoclonal antibody-mediated hepatocyte death. The apoptosis signaling pathway was blocked downstream of caspase-8 activation and proximal to mitochondrial cytochrome c release. In controls, activation of the Fas receptor resulted in rapid dephosphorylation of Bid and its subsequent cleavage, whereas Bid remained phosphorylated and uncleaved in chronic cholestasis and other models of hepatic apoptosis resistance.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Apoptosis', 'BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein', 'Bile Ducts', 'Caspase 8', 'Caspases', 'Cholestasis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ligation', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,379,498 | Is promoter variation in the DC-SIGN-encoding gene CD209 associated with tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is known to be the major M. tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. We reasoned that if DC-SIGN interacts with M. tuberculosis, as well as with other pathogens, variation in this gene might have a broad range of influence in the pathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.",
"We tested whether polymorphisms in CD209, the gene encoding DC-SIGN, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis through sequencing and genotyping analyses in a South African cohort. After exclusion of significant population stratification in our cohort, we observed an association between two CD209 promoter variants (-871G and -336A) and decreased risk of developing tuberculosis. By looking at the geographical distribution of these variants, we observed that their allelic combination is mainly confined to Eurasian populations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"African Continental Ancestry Group",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Adhesion Molecules",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Lectins, C-Type",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Phylogeny",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Risk Factors",
"South Africa",
"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary"
]
} | Our observations suggest that the two -871G and -336A variants confer protection against tuberculosis. In addition, the geographic distribution of these two alleles, together with their phylogenetic status, suggest that they may have increased in frequency in non-African populations as a result of host genetic adaptation to a longer history of exposure to tuberculosis. Further characterization of the biological consequences of DC-SIGN variation in tuberculosis will be crucial to better appreciate the role of this lectin in interactions between the host immune system and the tubercle bacillus as well as other pathogens. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is promoter variation in the DC-SIGN-encoding gene CD209 associated with tuberculosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is known to be the major M. tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. We reasoned that if DC-SIGN interacts with M. tuberculosis, as well as with other pathogens, variation in this gene might have a broad range of influence in the pathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.', 'We tested whether polymorphisms in CD209, the gene encoding DC-SIGN, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis through sequencing and genotyping analyses in a South African cohort. After exclusion of significant population stratification in our cohort, we observed an association between two CD209 promoter variants (-871G and -336A) and decreased risk of developing tuberculosis. By looking at the geographical distribution of these variants, we observed that their allelic combination is mainly confined to Eurasian populations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Risk Factors', 'South Africa', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.