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stringlengths 17
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stringlengths 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,389,167 | Is urinary creatinine concentration inversely related to glycaemic control and the presence of some diabetic complications in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The ratio between urinary albumin concentration (UAC) and urinary creatinine concentration (UCC) is widely used to estimate renal involvement. We examined how UAC and UCC associate with each other, with other risk factors, and with diabetic complications in a population-based sample of Type 2 diabetic patients.",
"A freshly voided morning urine specimen was provided by 1,284 consecutive, newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 40 years or over in general practice. Albumin was measured by a polyethyleneglycol radioimmunoassay and creatinine by a modified Jaffe method.",
"In a multivariate model including UAC, UCC, age, sex, HbA1c, and urinary glucose concentration, UAC increased with both age (P=.042) and HbA1c (P=.014), while UCC decreased (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively). In two regression models, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (P<.001) and relatively high resting heart rate (P<.001) increased with increasing UAC but decreased with increasing UCC (P=.002 and P=.005, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Albuminuria",
"Creatinine",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Glycosuria",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Peripheral Vascular Diseases",
"Regression Analysis"
]
} | The use of albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) may introduce bias of unpredictable size and direction in comparisons of ACR with variables that are associated with UCC in their own right. In daily clinical practice, renal involvement in the individual patient can be estimated reliably with UAC or ACR measured in a freshly voided morning urine specimen, especially when considered together. However, the associations of the combined measure ACR should be interpreted with great caution in clinical and epidemiological research. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is urinary creatinine concentration inversely related to glycaemic control and the presence of some diabetic complications in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The ratio between urinary albumin concentration (UAC) and urinary creatinine concentration (UCC) is widely used to estimate renal involvement. We examined how UAC and UCC associate with each other, with other risk factors, and with diabetic complications in a population-based sample of Type 2 diabetic patients.', 'A freshly voided morning urine specimen was provided by 1,284 consecutive, newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 40 years or over in general practice. Albumin was measured by a polyethyleneglycol radioimmunoassay and creatinine by a modified Jaffe method.', 'In a multivariate model including UAC, UCC, age, sex, HbA1c, and urinary glucose concentration, UAC increased with both age (P=.042) and HbA1c (P=.014), while UCC decreased (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively). In two regression models, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (P<.001) and relatively high resting heart rate (P<.001) increased with increasing UAC but decreased with increasing UCC (P=.002 and P=.005, respectively).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Albuminuria', 'Creatinine', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Glycosuria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Regression Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,391,298 | Is antibody immunity to the p53 oncogenic protein a prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Presence of intratumoral T-cell infiltration has been linked to improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. We questioned whether antibody immunity specific for ovarian cancer tumor antigens would predict disease outcome. We evaluated humoral immune responses against ovarian cancer antigens p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIalpha.",
"Serum was collected from 104 women (median age, 59 years; range, 34 to 89 years) at the time of their initial definitive surgery for ovarian cancer. Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIalpha proteins. Antibody immunity to tetanus toxoid was assessed as a control. The incidence of humoral immunity at the time of diagnosis to any of these three antigens was tabulated. For patients with advanced-stage disease (III/IV), correlation was made between the presence of tumor-specific immunity at the time of diagnosis and overall survival. Patients were followed for a median of 1.8 years.",
"Multivariate analysis showed the presence of p53 antibodies to be an independent variable for prediction of overall survival in advanced-stage patients. Overall survival was significantly higher for patients with antibodies to p53 when compared with patients without p53 antibodies (P = .01). The median survival for p53 antibody-positive patients was 51 months (95% CI, 23.5 to 60.5 months) compared with 24 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 28.6 months) for patients without antibodies to p53."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antibody Formation",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"DNA Topoisomerases, Type II",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Disease Progression",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Receptor, ErbB-2",
"Survival Analysis",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Data presented here demonstrate that advanced stage ovarian cancer patients can have detectable tumor-specific antibody immunity and that immunity to p53 may predict improved overall survival in patients with advanced-stage disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is antibody immunity to the p53 oncogenic protein a prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Presence of intratumoral T-cell infiltration has been linked to improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. We questioned whether antibody immunity specific for ovarian cancer tumor antigens would predict disease outcome. We evaluated humoral immune responses against ovarian cancer antigens p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIalpha.', 'Serum was collected from 104 women (median age, 59 years; range, 34 to 89 years) at the time of their initial definitive surgery for ovarian cancer. Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIalpha proteins. Antibody immunity to tetanus toxoid was assessed as a control. The incidence of humoral immunity at the time of diagnosis to any of these three antigens was tabulated. For patients with advanced-stage disease (III/IV), correlation was made between the presence of tumor-specific immunity at the time of diagnosis and overall survival. Patients were followed for a median of 1.8 years.', 'Multivariate analysis showed the presence of p53 antibodies to be an independent variable for prediction of overall survival in advanced-stage patients. Overall survival was significantly higher for patients with antibodies to p53 when compared with patients without p53 antibodies (P = .01). The median survival for p53 antibody-positive patients was 51 months (95% CI, 23.5 to 60.5 months) compared with 24 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 28.6 months) for patients without antibodies to p53.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,343 | Does revascularization of autogenous block graft with or without an e-PTFE membrane? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to describe the revascularization process of autogenous bone block grafts placed with or without an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane.",
"Thirty Wistar male rats had their mandibles augmented by either an autogenous bone block graft (group A) or an autogenous bone block graft covered with an e-PTFE membrane (group B). The animals were sacrificed by perfusion at baseline, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery.",
"After 3 days, the presence of vascular sprouts derived from the recipient bed was observed in group A; more discrete sprouts were also observed in group B. After 7 days, revascularization continued, with vessels derived from both the recipient bed and the surrounding connective tissue in group A but only from the recipient bed in group B. At 14 days, group A showed penetration of vessels at the periphery of the graft; the vessels reached varying distances inside it. In group B, revascularization of the graft occurred mainly near its perforation, its borders, and at the recipient bed-graft interface. After 21 days, graft vascular penetration could be observed throughout the extent of the graft in group A but only approximately halfway through the graft in group B."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone Transplantation",
"Bone and Bones",
"Guided Tissue Regeneration",
"Male",
"Membranes, Artificial",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Polytetrafluoroethylene",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Transplantation, Autologous"
]
} | The results emphasized the importance of the vascular network and of the revascularization process of the autogenous bone graft in new bone formation. Early vascular penetration and nutrition of the graft are key factors in its integration with the recipient bed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does revascularization of autogenous block graft with or without an e-PTFE membrane?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to describe the revascularization process of autogenous bone block grafts placed with or without an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane.', 'Thirty Wistar male rats had their mandibles augmented by either an autogenous bone block graft (group A) or an autogenous bone block graft covered with an e-PTFE membrane (group B). The animals were sacrificed by perfusion at baseline, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery.', 'After 3 days, the presence of vascular sprouts derived from the recipient bed was observed in group A; more discrete sprouts were also observed in group B. After 7 days, revascularization continued, with vessels derived from both the recipient bed and the surrounding connective tissue in group A but only from the recipient bed in group B. At 14 days, group A showed penetration of vessels at the periphery of the graft; the vessels reached varying distances inside it. In group B, revascularization of the graft occurred mainly near its perforation, its borders, and at the recipient bed-graft interface. After 21 days, graft vascular penetration could be observed throughout the extent of the graft in group A but only approximately halfway through the graft in group B.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Bone and Bones', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Transplantation, Autologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,344 | Do in vitro evaluation of bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface of different implant systems? | {
"contexts": [
"Microbial leakage and colonization between implants and their abutments may cause inflammatory reactions in the peri-implant tissues. This study evaluated microbial leakage at the implant-abutment interface with a new in vitro model.",
"Bacterial leakage was tested during dynamic loading in a 2-axis chewing simulator. The authors theorized that dynamic loading would decrease the stability of the implant-abutment connections and thereby lead to bacterial penetration along the gap. Five different implant systems with 8 standard implant-abutment combinations for single molar crowns were tested. The internal aspects of the implants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension and connected to the superstructure with the recommended torque. The specimens were immersed in a nutrient solution and loaded with 1,200,000 cycles of 120 N in the chewing simulator.",
"Statistically significant differences (P < or = .05) between implant systems with respect to number of chewing cycles until bacterial penetration were found."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Dental Abutments",
"Dental Implants, Single-Tooth",
"Dental Leakage",
"Escherichia coli",
"Mastication",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Weight-Bearing"
]
} | The degree of penetration in a specific implant system presumably is a multifactorial condition dependent on the precision of fit between the implant and the abutment, the degree of micromovement between the components, and the torque forces used to connect them. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do in vitro evaluation of bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface of different implant systems?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Microbial leakage and colonization between implants and their abutments may cause inflammatory reactions in the peri-implant tissues. This study evaluated microbial leakage at the implant-abutment interface with a new in vitro model.', 'Bacterial leakage was tested during dynamic loading in a 2-axis chewing simulator. The authors theorized that dynamic loading would decrease the stability of the implant-abutment connections and thereby lead to bacterial penetration along the gap. Five different implant systems with 8 standard implant-abutment combinations for single molar crowns were tested. The internal aspects of the implants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension and connected to the superstructure with the recommended torque. The specimens were immersed in a nutrient solution and loaded with 1,200,000 cycles of 120 N in the chewing simulator.', 'Statistically significant differences (P < or = .05) between implant systems with respect to number of chewing cycles until bacterial penetration were found.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Dental Abutments', 'Dental Implants, Single-Tooth', 'Dental Leakage', 'Escherichia coli', 'Mastication', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Weight-Bearing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,392,347 | Are bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry statistically related? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate how closely analysis of bone quality performed using the bone mineral density (BMD) values obtained by quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) reflected the histologic bone density.",
"Eighteen patients requiring implant therapy underwent CT scanning. Their data were processed using Image Master software, and the BMD was calculated by measuring the Hounsfield units and relating those values to a phantom (Calibration Phantom, Quantitative Technologies). Each patient wore a radiographic-surgical template in which titanium cylinders were placed as a drilling guide for preparation of the implant site. The mouth regions where the titanium guides were placed (on the CT images and in the patient's mouth) corresponded to the implant sites where the BMD was measured and where tissue specimens for histomorphometric analysis retrieved. Forty specimens measuring 6 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter were obtained. Histomorphometric analysis was performed by digitizing the images, which were subsequently analyzed using the image analysis software IAS 2000. The bone volume (BV) was calculated as a percentage by dividing the area occupied by the mineralized bone over the entire microscopic field.",
"The results of the statistical analysis showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.691 between the BV and BMD values, with a P value < 0.01, which was considered significant."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alveolar Process",
"Bone Density",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Dental Implantation, Endosseous",
"Humans",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | The results of this study support the use of QCT to assess the bone quality before implant placement to improve the planning of implant treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry statistically related?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate how closely analysis of bone quality performed using the bone mineral density (BMD) values obtained by quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) reflected the histologic bone density.', \"Eighteen patients requiring implant therapy underwent CT scanning. Their data were processed using Image Master software, and the BMD was calculated by measuring the Hounsfield units and relating those values to a phantom (Calibration Phantom, Quantitative Technologies). Each patient wore a radiographic-surgical template in which titanium cylinders were placed as a drilling guide for preparation of the implant site. The mouth regions where the titanium guides were placed (on the CT images and in the patient's mouth) corresponded to the implant sites where the BMD was measured and where tissue specimens for histomorphometric analysis retrieved. Forty specimens measuring 6 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter were obtained. Histomorphometric analysis was performed by digitizing the images, which were subsequently analyzed using the image analysis software IAS 2000. The bone volume (BV) was calculated as a percentage by dividing the area occupied by the mineralized bone over the entire microscopic field.\", 'The results of the statistical analysis showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.691 between the BV and BMD values, with a P value < 0.01, which was considered significant.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alveolar Process', 'Bone Density', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Humans', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,401,419 | Do mscS-like proteins control plastid size and shape in Arabidopsis thaliana? | {
"contexts": [
"Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide a mechanism for the perception of mechanical stimuli such as sound, touch, and osmotic pressure. The bacterial MS ion channel MscS opens in response to increased membrane tension and serves to protect against cellular lysis during osmotic downshock. MscS-like proteins are found widely in bacterial and archaeal species and have also been identified in fission yeast and plants. None of the eukaryotic members of the family have yet been characterized.",
"Here, we characterize two MscS-like (MSL) proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, MSL2 and MSL3. MSL3 can rescue the osmotic-shock sensitivity of a bacterial mutant lacking MS-ion-channel activity, suggesting that it functions as a mechanosensitive ion channel. Arabidopsis plants harboring insertional mutations in both MSL3 and MSL2 show abnormalities in the size and shape of plastids, which are plant-specific endosymbiotic organelles responsible for photosynthesis, gravity perception, and numerous metabolic reactions. MSL2-GFP and MSL3-GFP are localized to discrete foci on the plastid envelope and colocalize with the plastid division protein AtMinE."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arabidopsis",
"Arabidopsis Proteins",
"Base Sequence",
"Cell Cycle Proteins",
"Cell Shape",
"Cell Size",
"Chloroplasts",
"Cloning, Molecular",
"Escherichia coli",
"Escherichia coli Proteins",
"Genotype",
"Ion Channels",
"Mechanotransduction, Cellular",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Osmotic Pressure",
"Phylogeny",
"Plants, Genetically Modified",
"Plastids",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Sequence Alignment",
"Sequence Homology"
]
} | Our data support a model wherein MSL2 and MSL3 control plastid size, shape, and perhaps division during normal plant development by altering ion flux in response to changes in membrane tension. We propose that MscS family members have evolved new roles in plants since the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to plastids. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do mscS-like proteins control plastid size and shape in Arabidopsis thaliana?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide a mechanism for the perception of mechanical stimuli such as sound, touch, and osmotic pressure. The bacterial MS ion channel MscS opens in response to increased membrane tension and serves to protect against cellular lysis during osmotic downshock. MscS-like proteins are found widely in bacterial and archaeal species and have also been identified in fission yeast and plants. None of the eukaryotic members of the family have yet been characterized.', 'Here, we characterize two MscS-like (MSL) proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, MSL2 and MSL3. MSL3 can rescue the osmotic-shock sensitivity of a bacterial mutant lacking MS-ion-channel activity, suggesting that it functions as a mechanosensitive ion channel. Arabidopsis plants harboring insertional mutations in both MSL3 and MSL2 show abnormalities in the size and shape of plastids, which are plant-specific endosymbiotic organelles responsible for photosynthesis, gravity perception, and numerous metabolic reactions. MSL2-GFP and MSL3-GFP are localized to discrete foci on the plastid envelope and colocalize with the plastid division protein AtMinE.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Shape', 'Cell Size', 'Chloroplasts', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Genotype', 'Ion Channels', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Phylogeny', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Plastids', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,612 | Are cerebral microbleeds common in ischemic stroke but rare in TIA? | {
"contexts": [
"In patients with stroke, gradient-echo MRI commonly detects microbleeds, indicating small artery disease with increased risk of macroscopic intracranial bleeding. Antithrombotic treatments are frequently prescribed after TIA and stroke, but there have been no previous studies of microbleeds in TIA. Because microbleeds may predict the hemorrhagic risk of antithrombotic treatments, we studied the prevalence of microbleeds, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms in patients with ischemic stroke and TIA.",
"One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or TIA were studied with MRI including T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and gradient-echo MRI sequences. Blinded observers counted microbleeds and graded white matter T2 hyperintensities throughout the brain. TIA patients with previous ischemic stroke were excluded.",
"Sixty-seven percent of patients had ischemic stroke; 33% had TIA. Microbleeds were found in 23% of ischemic stroke patients but only 2% of TIA patients (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in conventional risk factors or the severity of white matter disease on T2 MRI between stroke and TIA patients. Patients with microbleeds were more often hypertensive (81 vs 59%; p = 0.04) and had more severe MRI white matter disease on T2 MRI (p = 0.003)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Brain",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Causality",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Cerebral Hemorrhage",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ischemic Attack, Transient",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Prognosis",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke"
]
} | Microbleeds are common in ischemic stroke but rare in TIA, an observation not explained by differences in vascular risk factors or severity of white matter disease seen on T2 MRI. This finding has implications for the safety of antithrombotic therapy and clinical trial design in the two groups. Microbleeds may also be a new marker for severe microvascular pathology with increased risk of permanent cerebral infarction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cerebral microbleeds common in ischemic stroke but rare in TIA?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In patients with stroke, gradient-echo MRI commonly detects microbleeds, indicating small artery disease with increased risk of macroscopic intracranial bleeding. Antithrombotic treatments are frequently prescribed after TIA and stroke, but there have been no previous studies of microbleeds in TIA. Because microbleeds may predict the hemorrhagic risk of antithrombotic treatments, we studied the prevalence of microbleeds, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms in patients with ischemic stroke and TIA.', 'One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or TIA were studied with MRI including T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and gradient-echo MRI sequences. Blinded observers counted microbleeds and graded white matter T2 hyperintensities throughout the brain. TIA patients with previous ischemic stroke were excluded.', 'Sixty-seven percent of patients had ischemic stroke; 33% had TIA. Microbleeds were found in 23% of ischemic stroke patients but only 2% of TIA patients (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in conventional risk factors or the severity of white matter disease on T2 MRI between stroke and TIA patients. Patients with microbleeds were more often hypertensive (81 vs 59%; p = 0.04) and had more severe MRI white matter disease on T2 MRI (p = 0.003).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Causality', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,056 | Does high-frequency QRS electrocardiogram predict perfusion defects during myocardial perfusion imaging? | {
"contexts": [
"Changes in high-frequency (HF) QRS components of the electrocardiogram (ECG) (150-250 Hz) are more sensitive than changes in conventional ST segments for detecting myocardial ischemia. We investigated the accuracy of 12-lead HF QRS ECG in detecting perfusion defects during adenosine tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).",
"12-lead HF QRS ECG recordings were obtained from 45 patients before and during adenosine technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin MPI tests. Before the adenosine infusions, recordings of HF QRS were analyzed according to a morphologic score that incorporated the number, type, and location of reduced amplitude zones (RAZs) present in the 12 leads. During the adenosine infusions, recordings of HF QRS were analyzed according to the maximum percentage changes (in both the positive and negative directions) that occurred in root mean square voltage amplitudes within the 12 leads. The best set of prospective HF QRS criteria had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 83% for correctly identifying the MPI result. The sensitivity of simultaneous ST-segment changes (18%) was significantly lower than that of any individual HF QRS criterion (P < .001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine",
"Aged",
"Chest Pain",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Electrocardiography",
"Exercise Test",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Organophosphorus Compounds",
"Organotechnetium Compounds",
"Preoperative Care",
"Radionuclide Imaging",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Regression Analysis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Vasodilator Agents"
]
} | Analysis of 12-lead HF QRS ECG is highly sensitive and reasonably specific for detecting perfusion defects during adenosine MPI stress tests and significantly more sensitive than analysis of conventional ST segments. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high-frequency QRS electrocardiogram predict perfusion defects during myocardial perfusion imaging?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Changes in high-frequency (HF) QRS components of the electrocardiogram (ECG) (150-250 Hz) are more sensitive than changes in conventional ST segments for detecting myocardial ischemia. We investigated the accuracy of 12-lead HF QRS ECG in detecting perfusion defects during adenosine tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).', '12-lead HF QRS ECG recordings were obtained from 45 patients before and during adenosine technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin MPI tests. Before the adenosine infusions, recordings of HF QRS were analyzed according to a morphologic score that incorporated the number, type, and location of reduced amplitude zones (RAZs) present in the 12 leads. During the adenosine infusions, recordings of HF QRS were analyzed according to the maximum percentage changes (in both the positive and negative directions) that occurred in root mean square voltage amplitudes within the 12 leads. The best set of prospective HF QRS criteria had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 83% for correctly identifying the MPI result. The sensitivity of simultaneous ST-segment changes (18%) was significantly lower than that of any individual HF QRS criterion (P < .001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine', 'Aged', 'Chest Pain', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Organotechnetium Compounds', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Vasodilator Agents']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,380,706 | Does the circadian rhythm of tryptophan in breast milk affect the rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and sleep in newborn? | {
"contexts": [
"The hormone melatonin regulates the sleep and this pineal hormone is synthesized in the organism from the amino acid tryptophan. It is known that breast-fed babies have better sleep patterns and a better entrained sleep/wake cycle than bottle-fed babies (adapted formula).",
"To compare the circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s)--the metabolite of melatonin excreted in the urine--in urine of bottle-fed and breast-fed children, and relate it to the circadian rhythm of tryptophan in breast milk, also evaluating the possible effects on the baby's night-time rest.",
"16 infants of 12 weeks of age were studied, divided into two groups depending on their exclusively natural or artificial feeding. The circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was measured for the two groups of infants and for the breast-feeding mothers. In the breast milk, the circadian rhythm of the amino acid tryptophan was measured. The rest of the infants was tested by wrist actimeters for a week and the sleep parameters of the infants were measured and evaluated.",
"The tryptophan in the breast milk presented a circadian rhythm with acrophase at around 03:00. This affected the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythm with acrophase at 06:00 in the breast-fed infants, and also promoted nocturnal sleep. Assumed sleep, actual sleep, and sleep efficiency were significantly increased in the breast fed infants with respect the formula fed infants."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bottle Feeding",
"Breast Feeding",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Melatonin",
"Milk, Human",
"Reference Values",
"Sleep",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Tryptophan"
]
} | A temporal relationship was observed between the circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin of the exclusively breast-fed babies and that of tryptophan in the mother's milk. Acting this amino acid as a zeitgeber entrainment of the biological rhythms in the breast-fed infant. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the circadian rhythm of tryptophan in breast milk affect the rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and sleep in newborn?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The hormone melatonin regulates the sleep and this pineal hormone is synthesized in the organism from the amino acid tryptophan. It is known that breast-fed babies have better sleep patterns and a better entrained sleep/wake cycle than bottle-fed babies (adapted formula).', \"To compare the circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s)--the metabolite of melatonin excreted in the urine--in urine of bottle-fed and breast-fed children, and relate it to the circadian rhythm of tryptophan in breast milk, also evaluating the possible effects on the baby's night-time rest.\", '16 infants of 12 weeks of age were studied, divided into two groups depending on their exclusively natural or artificial feeding. The circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was measured for the two groups of infants and for the breast-feeding mothers. In the breast milk, the circadian rhythm of the amino acid tryptophan was measured. The rest of the infants was tested by wrist actimeters for a week and the sleep parameters of the infants were measured and evaluated.', 'The tryptophan in the breast milk presented a circadian rhythm with acrophase at around 03:00. This affected the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythm with acrophase at 06:00 in the breast-fed infants, and also promoted nocturnal sleep. Assumed sleep, actual sleep, and sleep efficiency were significantly increased in the breast fed infants with respect the formula fed infants.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bottle Feeding', 'Breast Feeding', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Melatonin', 'Milk, Human', 'Reference Values', 'Sleep', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tryptophan']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,381,368 | Is heated , humidified CO2 gas unsatisfactory for awake laparoscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"The necessity for general anesthesia represents an impediment to using a laparoscopic approach for some procedures that are otherwise performed with the patient under local anesthesia using a conventional open technique. Heating and humidifying the insufflation gas reportedly reduces perioperative pain associated with a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, thus enabling awake laparoscopy.",
"Two cases are reported herein of laparoscopy performed with the patient under local anesthesia using heated, humidified CO2 gas for the pneumoperitoneum.",
"Both patients experienced pain with insufflation of heated, humidified CO2 gas of sufficient magnitude that the procedure could not be performed. The CO2 gas was washed out and replaced with helium gas insufflation with complete resolution of pain. The laparoscopic procedures were accomplished without further discomfort with local anesthesia and using a helium gas pneumoperitoneum."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anesthesia, Local",
"Carbon Dioxide",
"Female",
"Helium",
"Hernia, Umbilical",
"Hot Temperature",
"Humans",
"Humidity",
"Laparoscopy",
"Male",
"Peritoneal Dialysis",
"Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial"
]
} | Heated, humidified CO2 gas insufflation does not reduce pain sufficiently to permit satisfactory performance of laparoscopy with local anesthesia, especially when full volume insufflation is required. Cold, dry helium gas produces no pain. The theory that cold, dry insufflation gas is a source of peritoneal pain during laparoscopy needs to be reassessed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is heated , humidified CO2 gas unsatisfactory for awake laparoscopy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The necessity for general anesthesia represents an impediment to using a laparoscopic approach for some procedures that are otherwise performed with the patient under local anesthesia using a conventional open technique. Heating and humidifying the insufflation gas reportedly reduces perioperative pain associated with a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, thus enabling awake laparoscopy.', 'Two cases are reported herein of laparoscopy performed with the patient under local anesthesia using heated, humidified CO2 gas for the pneumoperitoneum.', 'Both patients experienced pain with insufflation of heated, humidified CO2 gas of sufficient magnitude that the procedure could not be performed. The CO2 gas was washed out and replaced with helium gas insufflation with complete resolution of pain. The laparoscopic procedures were accomplished without further discomfort with local anesthesia and using a helium gas pneumoperitoneum.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Female', 'Helium', 'Hernia, Umbilical', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,394,091 | Is increased serum resistin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related to liver disease severity and not to insulin resistance? | {
"contexts": [
"The recently discovered hormone resistin is linked to the development of insulin resistance, but direct evidence of resistin levels in humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lacking.",
"We conducted this study to assess the relationship between serum resistin and NAFLD. We measured serum resistin and biochemical, hormonal, and histological correlates in 28 NAFLD patients, 33 controls, and 30 obese patients [body mass index (BMI), >30 kg/m2] without NAFLD.",
"Resistin and adiponectin expression were measured in sc adipose tissue by quantitative RT-PCR. Resistin was higher in NAFLD patients compared with controls (5.87 +/- 0.49 vs. 4.30 +/- 0.20 ng/ml; P = 0.002) and obese patients (4.37 +/- 0.27 ng/ml; P = 0.002). Increased resistin mRNA was also found in the adipose tissue of NAFLD patients compared with controls and obese subjects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Body Mass Index",
"Fatty Liver",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Leptin",
"Lipids",
"Liver Function Tests",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Reference Values",
"Resistin",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Both NAFLD and obese patients had lower adiponectin levels, whereas leptin was increased only in the obese group. No correlation was found between resistin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, BMI, homeostasis model assessment, insulin, glucose, transaminases, and lipid values. A positive correlation was found between resistin and histological inflammatory score. These data report increased resistin in NAFLD patients that is related to the histological severity of the disease, but do not support a link between resistin and insulin resistance or BMI in these patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased serum resistin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related to liver disease severity and not to insulin resistance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The recently discovered hormone resistin is linked to the development of insulin resistance, but direct evidence of resistin levels in humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lacking.', 'We conducted this study to assess the relationship between serum resistin and NAFLD. We measured serum resistin and biochemical, hormonal, and histological correlates in 28 NAFLD patients, 33 controls, and 30 obese patients [body mass index (BMI), >30 kg/m2] without NAFLD.', 'Resistin and adiponectin expression were measured in sc adipose tissue by quantitative RT-PCR. Resistin was higher in NAFLD patients compared with controls (5.87 +/- 0.49 vs. 4.30 +/- 0.20 ng/ml; P = 0.002) and obese patients (4.37 +/- 0.27 ng/ml; P = 0.002). Increased resistin mRNA was also found in the adipose tissue of NAFLD patients compared with controls and obese subjects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiponectin', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Leptin', 'Lipids', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Reference Values', 'Resistin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,700 | Do lifestyle risk factors predict healthcare costs in an aging cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"While the U.S. elderly population uses a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, there is limited knowledge from prospective studies regarding the impact of lifestyle-related factors on costs in this group. The association was examined between smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index (BMI), and changes in these risk factors, and healthcare costs after 4 years among 68- to 95-year-olds.",
"A total of 1323 participants completed annual surveys providing information on lifestyle factors (1986-1994) and health utilization (1994-1998). Healthcare costs in nine categories were ascertained from validated utilization. The relationships between risk factors and costs were examined in 2004 using linear regression models.",
"Fewer cigarette pack-years and lower BMI were the most significant predictors of lower total costs in 1998 (p<0.001), controlling for baseline sociodemographic factors, costs, and conditions. Associations with smoking were strongest for hospitalizations, diagnostic tests, and physician and nursing-home visits. Those who reduced smoking by one pack per day experienced cost savings of 1160 dollars (p<0.05). The costs for normal weight compared to minimally obese seniors were approximately 1548 dollars lower, with diagnostic testing, physician visits, and medications accounting for much of this difference. Daily walking, measured at baseline, also predicted lower costs for hospitalizations and diagnostic testing."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Health Expenditures",
"Health Surveys",
"Humans",
"Life Style",
"Male",
"Risk Factors",
"United States"
]
} | Seniors who were leaner, smoked fewer cigarettes over a lifetime, reduced their smoking, or walked farther had significant subsequent cost savings compared to those with less-healthy lifestyle-related habits. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do lifestyle risk factors predict healthcare costs in an aging cohort?\nContext: {'contexts': ['While the U.S. elderly population uses a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, there is limited knowledge from prospective studies regarding the impact of lifestyle-related factors on costs in this group. The association was examined between smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index (BMI), and changes in these risk factors, and healthcare costs after 4 years among 68- to 95-year-olds.', 'A total of 1323 participants completed annual surveys providing information on lifestyle factors (1986-1994) and health utilization (1994-1998). Healthcare costs in nine categories were ascertained from validated utilization. The relationships between risk factors and costs were examined in 2004 using linear regression models.', 'Fewer cigarette pack-years and lower BMI were the most significant predictors of lower total costs in 1998 (p<0.001), controlling for baseline sociodemographic factors, costs, and conditions. Associations with smoking were strongest for hospitalizations, diagnostic tests, and physician and nursing-home visits. Those who reduced smoking by one pack per day experienced cost savings of 1160 dollars (p<0.05). The costs for normal weight compared to minimally obese seniors were approximately 1548 dollars lower, with diagnostic testing, physician visits, and medications accounting for much of this difference. Daily walking, measured at baseline, also predicted lower costs for hospitalizations and diagnostic testing.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,872 | Do [ Evaluation of duration for direct admission dispatch process in an urban area ]? | {
"contexts": [
"In France, when physicians in ambulances take care of patients, they report medical status to the dispatch centre. Then the dispatching physician search for the available and appropriate hospital service to agree in directly receiving the patient. We attempted to evaluate this direct admission dispatch, in a urban area, with many health care facilities.",
"Prospective evaluation.",
"All the files for out of hospital interventions with a dispatch process were included. Data collected and analysed were: main pathologies, started time and end time of direct admission dispatch process and number of services called before finding the right place.",
"959 patients files were included, 849 could be analysed. The average duration of direct admission dispatch process is 10 (+/-13) minutes. Traumatology speciality shows a longer dispatch process than medicine disease (p < 0.001), and this time increased during summer (p < 0.05). The other parameters did not influence this duration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Emergency Medical Services",
"Female",
"France",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Admission",
"Prospective Studies",
"Seasons",
"Urban Population",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | The average duration of direct admission dispatch process is acceptable. The increased duration of direct admission dispatch process in some pathology during summer may induce a risk for the patients. This problem will be improved only when the management of the available bed for emergency traumatology, will be implemented a regional coordination. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Evaluation of duration for direct admission dispatch process in an urban area ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In France, when physicians in ambulances take care of patients, they report medical status to the dispatch centre. Then the dispatching physician search for the available and appropriate hospital service to agree in directly receiving the patient. We attempted to evaluate this direct admission dispatch, in a urban area, with many health care facilities.', 'Prospective evaluation.', 'All the files for out of hospital interventions with a dispatch process were included. Data collected and analysed were: main pathologies, started time and end time of direct admission dispatch process and number of services called before finding the right place.', '959 patients files were included, 849 could be analysed. The average duration of direct admission dispatch process is 10 (+/-13) minutes. Traumatology speciality shows a longer dispatch process than medicine disease (p < 0.001), and this time increased during summer (p < 0.05). The other parameters did not influence this duration.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Admission', 'Prospective Studies', 'Seasons', 'Urban Population', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,514 | Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a major mortality factor in diffuse systemic sclerosis , independent of interstitial lung disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a prognostic factor for mortality in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), independent of interstitial lung disease (ILD).",
"ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography and PAH (pulmonary arterial systolic pressure [PASP] > or =45 mm Hg) by echocardiography. All patients with ILD underwent testing for total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.",
"Eighty-six patients with dcSSc (mean age at diagnosis 44.5 years) were followed up for a median of 72.5 months. ILD was found in 52 patients (60%) and PAH in 18 (21%). ILD was associated with PAH in 15 patients. Seventeen patients died (19.8%), 9 of whom had PAH (P = 0.001) and 10 of whom had ILD (P = 0.99). By multivariate analysis, age at SSc diagnosis and PAH were the only independent predictors of death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.057, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.009-1.109, P = 0.020 and HR 4.09, 95% CI 1.47-11.5, P = 0.007, respectively). Mean TLC and mean FVC were similar in ILD patients with and those without PAH (P = 0.71 and P = 0.40, respectively). Among ILD patients, age at SSc diagnosis and PAH were again the sole predictors of death (HR 1.073, 95% CI 1.003-1.149, P = 0.042 and HR 5.07, 95% CI 1.09-23.8, P = 0.038, respectively). Twenty ILD patients received at least 6 monthly pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC). In CYC-treated patients with PAH (n = 8), PASP increased significantly during the CYC regimen (mean +/- SD 55 +/- 14.5 mm Hg; P = 0.015 versus baseline), while TLC remained stable during the same period."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Pulmonary",
"Lung Diseases, Interstitial",
"Male",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Scleroderma, Diffuse"
]
} | These results indicate that, independent of ILD, PAH is a major prognostic factor for survival in dcSSc. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a major mortality factor in diffuse systemic sclerosis , independent of interstitial lung disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a prognostic factor for mortality in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), independent of interstitial lung disease (ILD).', 'ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography and PAH (pulmonary arterial systolic pressure [PASP] > or =45 mm Hg) by echocardiography. All patients with ILD underwent testing for total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.', 'Eighty-six patients with dcSSc (mean age at diagnosis 44.5 years) were followed up for a median of 72.5 months. ILD was found in 52 patients (60%) and PAH in 18 (21%). ILD was associated with PAH in 15 patients. Seventeen patients died (19.8%), 9 of whom had PAH (P = 0.001) and 10 of whom had ILD (P = 0.99). By multivariate analysis, age at SSc diagnosis and PAH were the only independent predictors of death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.057, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.009-1.109, P = 0.020 and HR 4.09, 95% CI 1.47-11.5, P = 0.007, respectively). Mean TLC and mean FVC were similar in ILD patients with and those without PAH (P = 0.71 and P = 0.40, respectively). Among ILD patients, age at SSc diagnosis and PAH were again the sole predictors of death (HR 1.073, 95% CI 1.003-1.149, P = 0.042 and HR 5.07, 95% CI 1.09-23.8, P = 0.038, respectively). Twenty ILD patients received at least 6 monthly pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC). In CYC-treated patients with PAH (n = 8), PASP increased significantly during the CYC regimen (mean +/- SD 55 +/- 14.5 mm Hg; P = 0.015 versus baseline), while TLC remained stable during the same period.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Lung Diseases, Interstitial', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Scleroderma, Diffuse']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,285 | Does hypertonic saline resuscitation after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion induce ileal apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that hypertonic saline (HS) resuscitation decreased inflammation and mucosal injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In contrast to I/R cell necrosis, apoptosis provides controlled cell death that minimizes inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that HS resuscitation after mesenteric I/R would induce apoptosis and decrease mucosal injury.",
"Rats underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) and then received no resuscitation or resuscitation with 4 mL/kg of HS, 4 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (equal volume), or 32 mL/kg of LR solution (equal salt load). Rats were killed at 6 hours of reperfusion, and ileum was harvested for analysis. DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and mucosal injury by histology (Chiu score 0-5). Caspase-3 (proapoptotic mediator) and Bcl-xL (antiapoptotic mediator) protein expression were analyzed by Western immunoblot.",
"SMAO with no resuscitation, SMAO with 4 mL/kg of LR, and SMAO with 32 mL/kg of LR increased apoptosis (quantitated by TUNEL) and I/R-induced mucosal injury (quantitated by Chiu score). This was associated with an increase to similar levels in both proapoptotic caspase-3 and antiapoptotic Bcl-xL protein expression. Moreover, SMAO with 4 mL/kg of HS further increased apoptosis but decreased mucosal injury. This was associated with a differential expression of proapoptotic caspase-3 over antiapoptotic Bcl-xL."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 3",
"Caspases",
"Ileum",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Saline Solution, Hypertonic"
]
} | HS resuscitation after mesenteric I/R significantly increased ileal mucosal apoptosis while decreasing mucosal injury and may represent a novel mechanism by which HS resuscitation after mesenteric I/R reduces inflammation and imparts protection to the gut. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypertonic saline resuscitation after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion induce ileal apoptosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously demonstrated that hypertonic saline (HS) resuscitation decreased inflammation and mucosal injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In contrast to I/R cell necrosis, apoptosis provides controlled cell death that minimizes inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that HS resuscitation after mesenteric I/R would induce apoptosis and decrease mucosal injury.', \"Rats underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) and then received no resuscitation or resuscitation with 4 mL/kg of HS, 4 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (equal volume), or 32 mL/kg of LR solution (equal salt load). Rats were killed at 6 hours of reperfusion, and ileum was harvested for analysis. DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and mucosal injury by histology (Chiu score 0-5). Caspase-3 (proapoptotic mediator) and Bcl-xL (antiapoptotic mediator) protein expression were analyzed by Western immunoblot.\", 'SMAO with no resuscitation, SMAO with 4 mL/kg of LR, and SMAO with 32 mL/kg of LR increased apoptosis (quantitated by TUNEL) and I/R-induced mucosal injury (quantitated by Chiu score). This was associated with an increase to similar levels in both proapoptotic caspase-3 and antiapoptotic Bcl-xL protein expression. Moreover, SMAO with 4 mL/kg of HS further increased apoptosis but decreased mucosal injury. This was associated with a differential expression of proapoptotic caspase-3 over antiapoptotic Bcl-xL.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Ileum', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Saline Solution, Hypertonic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,385,286 | Does immunoglobulin a modulate inflammatory responses in an in vitro model of pneumonia? | {
"contexts": [
"Preservation of mucosal immunity has been shown to affect the risk and outcome of pneumonia in severely injured patients. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the principle humoral defense of mucosal surfaces in the body and has several antiinflammatory properties. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) function to kill invading microorganisms, but their exaggerated inflammatory responses may cause tissue injury to the host. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes to modulate PMN cytotoxic potential cocultured with respiratory epithelial cells challenged with bacteria.",
"Calu-3 cell monolayers were established on membranes (0.1-microm pore) in a two-chamber culture system. Escherichia coli (EC) incubated with either polyclonal SIgA or IgG was inoculated into the apical chamber and PMNs (10/mL) added to the basal chamber. PMN cytotoxic potential was indexed by % CD11b expression, superoxide anion (O2) production, and elastase release. Dextran flux was used to index Calu-3 monolayer permeability.",
"Addition of EC to PMN-Calu-3 cell coculture increased % CD11b expression, O2 production, and elastase release. IgG had no effect on PMN activation after EC challenge. SIgA abrogated PMN activation and the increase in Calu-3 cell monolayer permeability noted with EC or EC + IgG treatment groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"CD11b Antigen",
"Cell Line",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A, Secretory",
"Inflammation",
"Neutrophils",
"Pneumonia",
"Respiratory Mucosa",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | PMN cytotoxic potential was decreased by the presence of SIgA but not IgG in an in vitro model to simulate pneumonia in vivo. SIgA may not only function to protect against microbial invasion of mucosal surfaces, but may also protect against tissue injury from an exaggerated inflammatory response. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does immunoglobulin a modulate inflammatory responses in an in vitro model of pneumonia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Preservation of mucosal immunity has been shown to affect the risk and outcome of pneumonia in severely injured patients. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the principle humoral defense of mucosal surfaces in the body and has several antiinflammatory properties. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) function to kill invading microorganisms, but their exaggerated inflammatory responses may cause tissue injury to the host. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes to modulate PMN cytotoxic potential cocultured with respiratory epithelial cells challenged with bacteria.', 'Calu-3 cell monolayers were established on membranes (0.1-microm pore) in a two-chamber culture system. Escherichia coli (EC) incubated with either polyclonal SIgA or IgG was inoculated into the apical chamber and PMNs (10/mL) added to the basal chamber. PMN cytotoxic potential was indexed by % CD11b expression, superoxide anion (O2) production, and elastase release. Dextran flux was used to index Calu-3 monolayer permeability.', 'Addition of EC to PMN-Calu-3 cell coculture increased % CD11b expression, O2 production, and elastase release. IgG had no effect on PMN activation after EC challenge. SIgA abrogated PMN activation and the increase in Calu-3 cell monolayer permeability noted with EC or EC + IgG treatment groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'CD11b Antigen', 'Cell Line', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A, Secretory', 'Inflammation', 'Neutrophils', 'Pneumonia', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,746 | Are pyridine N-oxide derivatives inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture.",
"FIPV and SARS-CoV were exposed to confluent Crandel feline kidney (CRFK) and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures in the presence of serial concentrations of the test compounds. The anti-cytopathic activity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antiviral Agents",
"Cats",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coronavirus, Feline",
"Humans",
"Molecular Structure",
"Pyridines",
"SARS Virus",
"Structure-Activity Relationship"
]
} | A wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives have been found to be inhibitory against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in CRFK and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures, respectively. The oxide part on the pyridine moiety proved indispensable for anti-coronavirus activity. The potency and virus specificity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives varied depending the nature and specific location of substituents (i.e. alkyl, halogeno, nitro, etc.) on the different parts of the molecule. The most selective compounds were active in the higher microgram per litre range, being non-toxic at 50-100 mg/L. There was a poor structure-antiviral activity relationship (SAR) for the pyridine N-oxide derivatives against Fe-CoV and SARS-CoV. One of the most active and selective compounds was shown to inhibit Fe-CoV replication at the transcriptional level. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are pyridine N-oxide derivatives inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine N-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (FIPV strain) and human SARS-CoV (Frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture.', 'FIPV and SARS-CoV were exposed to confluent Crandel feline kidney (CRFK) and simian kidney (Vero) cell cultures in the presence of serial concentrations of the test compounds. The anti-cytopathic activity of the pyridine N-oxide derivatives was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cats', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coronavirus, Feline', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyridines', 'SARS Virus', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,532 | Does increased myocardial performance index correlate with biopsy-proven rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"To date, cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy have been considered the \"gold standard\" for rejection surveillance after heart transplantation. Factors such as patient size (i.e., infant transplantation), loss of vascular access after repeated catheterizations, and anesthesia requirements all present unique problems and risks related to pediatric rejection surveillance. Therefore, additional methods to monitor for rejection in a non-invasive, reliable and frequent manner have been sought. We studied the utility of echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricular myocardial performance index (LVMPI), a reproducible measure of combined systolic and diastolic performance, in pediatric heart transplant recipients as a method of identifying acute rejection.",
"Two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic studies (n = 36) were performed on 21 cardiac transplant patients (ages 6.2 to 21.9 years) at the time of endomyocardial biopsy. The LVMPI, the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time divided by aortic ejection time, was determined at each study, as well as other echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic function. Patients were grouped by concurrent histologic rejection grade and the results compared between groups.",
"Significant differences in LVMPI (p < 0.001) were noted between patients with no rejection (Grade 0; n = 23) and those with moderate to severe rejection (Grade 3; n = 5), as well as between those with no rejection and those with focal moderate (Grade 2; n = 8) rejection (p < 0.05). The LVMPI was 0.42 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM) for the group without rejection, 0.57 +/- 0.06 for those with Grade 2 rejection and 0.73 +/- 0.05 for those with Grade 3 rejection. Although 9 of the 23 studies in the non-rejection group had LVMPI values exceeding 0.44 (upper threshold value), 12 of 13 patients in the rejection groups exceeded this threshold. LVMPI >or= 0.64 was associated with significant rejection in all cases in this study (n = 7). No significant differences were noted between groups for left ventricular ejection fraction or shortening fraction, percent septal or posterior wall thickening, left ventricular mass index or mitral valve deceleration time. In addition, for those individual patients with multiple studies, the LVMPI consistently increased with higher rejection grades and decreased after therapy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Biopsy",
"Child",
"Diastole",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Female",
"Graft Rejection",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Myocardium",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Reference Values",
"Systole",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | In this series, increased LVMPI correlated with biopsy-proven rejection, and frequent serial assessments using this technique may provide a relatively sensitive non-invasive means of rejection surveillance after pediatric cardiac transplantation. False positive results may be encountered, likely due to alterations in diastolic function that have been previously observed in transplant recipients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does increased myocardial performance index correlate with biopsy-proven rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To date, cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy have been considered the \"gold standard\" for rejection surveillance after heart transplantation. Factors such as patient size (i.e., infant transplantation), loss of vascular access after repeated catheterizations, and anesthesia requirements all present unique problems and risks related to pediatric rejection surveillance. Therefore, additional methods to monitor for rejection in a non-invasive, reliable and frequent manner have been sought. We studied the utility of echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricular myocardial performance index (LVMPI), a reproducible measure of combined systolic and diastolic performance, in pediatric heart transplant recipients as a method of identifying acute rejection.', 'Two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic studies (n = 36) were performed on 21 cardiac transplant patients (ages 6.2 to 21.9 years) at the time of endomyocardial biopsy. The LVMPI, the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time divided by aortic ejection time, was determined at each study, as well as other echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic function. Patients were grouped by concurrent histologic rejection grade and the results compared between groups.', 'Significant differences in LVMPI (p < 0.001) were noted between patients with no rejection (Grade 0; n = 23) and those with moderate to severe rejection (Grade 3; n = 5), as well as between those with no rejection and those with focal moderate (Grade 2; n = 8) rejection (p < 0.05). The LVMPI was 0.42 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM) for the group without rejection, 0.57 +/- 0.06 for those with Grade 2 rejection and 0.73 +/- 0.05 for those with Grade 3 rejection. Although 9 of the 23 studies in the non-rejection group had LVMPI values exceeding 0.44 (upper threshold value), 12 of 13 patients in the rejection groups exceeded this threshold. LVMPI >or= 0.64 was associated with significant rejection in all cases in this study (n = 7). No significant differences were noted between groups for left ventricular ejection fraction or shortening fraction, percent septal or posterior wall thickening, left ventricular mass index or mitral valve deceleration time. In addition, for those individual patients with multiple studies, the LVMPI consistently increased with higher rejection grades and decreased after therapy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Diastole', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Reference Values', 'Systole', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,032 | Is expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor correlated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a unique nuclear/growth factor and might play an important role in the development and progression of carcinomas. In the present study, association of HDGF expression with recurrence and prognosis of gastric carcinoma was examined.",
"HDGF expression in 317 patients with gastric carcinoma (233 males and 84 females) with ages ranging from 26 to 81 years (median, 60 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Samples with >90% of tumor cells to express positive immunoreactivity similar to or stronger than that in endothelial cells both for nucleus and cytoplasm were regarded as HDGF index level 2, and others as HDGF index level 1.",
"One hundred and eighty-two cases showed level 1 HDGF expression, whereas 135 cases showed level 2 HDGF expression. Patients with level 2 expression showed higher rates of proximal tumor location (P < 0.0001), large tumor size (P < 0.0001), infiltrative tumor growth (P < 0.0001), presence of vascular and lymphatic invasion (P < 0.0001 for both), presence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), deep tumor invasion (P < 0.0001), and poorer disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001 for both) compared to those with level 1 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed HDGF expression level as an independent prognosticator for disease-free and overall survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Stomach Neoplasms"
]
} | HDGF expression level was shown to be a prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor correlated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a unique nuclear/growth factor and might play an important role in the development and progression of carcinomas. In the present study, association of HDGF expression with recurrence and prognosis of gastric carcinoma was examined.', 'HDGF expression in 317 patients with gastric carcinoma (233 males and 84 females) with ages ranging from 26 to 81 years (median, 60 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Samples with >90% of tumor cells to express positive immunoreactivity similar to or stronger than that in endothelial cells both for nucleus and cytoplasm were regarded as HDGF index level 2, and others as HDGF index level 1.', 'One hundred and eighty-two cases showed level 1 HDGF expression, whereas 135 cases showed level 2 HDGF expression. Patients with level 2 expression showed higher rates of proximal tumor location (P < 0.0001), large tumor size (P < 0.0001), infiltrative tumor growth (P < 0.0001), presence of vascular and lymphatic invasion (P < 0.0001 for both), presence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), deep tumor invasion (P < 0.0001), and poorer disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001 for both) compared to those with level 1 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed HDGF expression level as an independent prognosticator for disease-free and overall survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Stomach Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,397,034 | Does reduced expression of CAMTA1 correlate with adverse outcome in neuroblastoma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"A distal portion of 1p is frequently deleted in human neuroblastomas, and it is generally assumed that this region harbors at least one gene relevant for neuroblastoma development. A 1p36.3 commonly deleted region, bordered by D1S2731 and D1S214 has been defined. The present study surveys whether expression of genes mapping to this region is associated with tumor behavior.",
"Candidate genes localized within the deleted region were identified by sequence data analysis. Their expression was assessed in a cohort of 49 primary neuroblastomas using cDNA microarray analysis. Gene expression patterns associated with known prognostic markers and patient outcome were further evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in a cohort of 102 neuroblastomas.",
"The commonly deleted region spans 261 kb and encompasses two genes, FLJ10737 and CAMTA1. We found no evidence for an association of FLJ10737 expression with established prognostic variables or outcome. In contrast, low CAMTA1 expression characterized tumors with 1p deletion, MYCN amplification, and advanced tumor stages 3 and 4. Moreover, low CAMTA1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcome (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis of event-free survival, the prognostic information of low CAMTA1 expression was independent of 1p status, MYCN status, tumor stage, and age of the patient at diagnosis (hazard ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-10.28; P = 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Calcium-Binding Proteins",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Prognosis",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Survival Rate",
"Trans-Activators"
]
} | Our data suggest that assessment of CAMTA1 expression may improve the prognostic models for neuroblastoma and that it will be important to define the biological function of CAMTA1 in this disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does reduced expression of CAMTA1 correlate with adverse outcome in neuroblastoma patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A distal portion of 1p is frequently deleted in human neuroblastomas, and it is generally assumed that this region harbors at least one gene relevant for neuroblastoma development. A 1p36.3 commonly deleted region, bordered by D1S2731 and D1S214 has been defined. The present study surveys whether expression of genes mapping to this region is associated with tumor behavior.', 'Candidate genes localized within the deleted region were identified by sequence data analysis. Their expression was assessed in a cohort of 49 primary neuroblastomas using cDNA microarray analysis. Gene expression patterns associated with known prognostic markers and patient outcome were further evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in a cohort of 102 neuroblastomas.', 'The commonly deleted region spans 261 kb and encompasses two genes, FLJ10737 and CAMTA1. We found no evidence for an association of FLJ10737 expression with established prognostic variables or outcome. In contrast, low CAMTA1 expression characterized tumors with 1p deletion, MYCN amplification, and advanced tumor stages 3 and 4. Moreover, low CAMTA1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcome (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis of event-free survival, the prognostic information of low CAMTA1 expression was independent of 1p status, MYCN status, tumor stage, and age of the patient at diagnosis (hazard ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-10.28; P = 0.02).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Survival Rate', 'Trans-Activators']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,501 | Is renal function well maintained after use of left renal vein graft for vascular reconstruction in hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Advanced hepatobiliary-pancreatic malignancy occasionally involves major vasculatures, such as the portal vein or the inferior vena cava, and complete removal of the tumor is required for longterm survival. We used a left renal vein graft to reconstruct resected vessels in some patients. In this study, we evaluated early and late renal complications of this procedure.",
"We identified 14 patients undergoing vascular reconstruction with use of a left renal vein graft in hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery. Renal function and graft patency were assessed by observing serum creatinine levels and radiologic findings during perioperative and followup periods.",
"Of these 14 patients, 7 were men and 7 were women. Diseases included hilar cholangiocarcinoma in two, gallbladder carcinoma in two, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in one, pancreas carcinoma in five, hepatic metastasis in three, and mass-forming pancreatitis in one. No significant postoperative renal dysfunction was recognized, and the mean value of the maximal serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dL during the perioperative period. Renal scintigraphy was performed in six patients postoperatively, and there was no significant left renal dysfunction. Mean followup time was 18 months after operation, and no severe renal dysfunction was found. Graft patency, which was assessed with enhanced abdominal CT, was well maintained after operation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Carcinoma",
"Creatinine",
"Digestive System Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Kidney",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Portal Vein",
"Radiography",
"Renal Veins",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Vena Cava, Inferior"
]
} | The left renal vein could be safely obtained and used for vascular reconstruction in resection of hepatobiliary-pancreatic malignancy without adverse effects on early and longterm renal function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is renal function well maintained after use of left renal vein graft for vascular reconstruction in hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Advanced hepatobiliary-pancreatic malignancy occasionally involves major vasculatures, such as the portal vein or the inferior vena cava, and complete removal of the tumor is required for longterm survival. We used a left renal vein graft to reconstruct resected vessels in some patients. In this study, we evaluated early and late renal complications of this procedure.', 'We identified 14 patients undergoing vascular reconstruction with use of a left renal vein graft in hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery. Renal function and graft patency were assessed by observing serum creatinine levels and radiologic findings during perioperative and followup periods.', 'Of these 14 patients, 7 were men and 7 were women. Diseases included hilar cholangiocarcinoma in two, gallbladder carcinoma in two, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in one, pancreas carcinoma in five, hepatic metastasis in three, and mass-forming pancreatitis in one. No significant postoperative renal dysfunction was recognized, and the mean value of the maximal serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dL during the perioperative period. Renal scintigraphy was performed in six patients postoperatively, and there was no significant left renal dysfunction. Mean followup time was 18 months after operation, and no severe renal dysfunction was found. Graft patency, which was assessed with enhanced abdominal CT, was well maintained after operation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Creatinine', 'Digestive System Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Portal Vein', 'Radiography', 'Renal Veins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,069 | Does basement membrane matrix modify cytokine interactions between lung cancer cells and fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Proliferation of fibroblasts (desmoplastic reaction) in the lung adenocarcinomas is an important phenomenon that correlates with metastases and poor prognosis. Because basement membranes are often involved in the desmoplastic areas and many cytokines have binding capacity to basement membrane molecules, we hypothesized that basement membrane modify the paracrine effects between cancer cells and fibroblasts via the fibrogenic cytokines and this hypothesis was experimentally investigated.",
"The effects of conditioned media derived from ten lung carcinoma cell lines and normal airway epithelial cells on DNA synthesis of fetal lung fibroblasts were determined. We focused on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) as the candidate paracrine cytokines and examined their diffusion through an experimental basement membrane matrix model, Matrigel.",
"All the conditioned media promoted DNA synthesis of fetal lung fibroblasts. Detection by ELISA methods and the neutralizing antibodies suggested that FGF-2 was one of the responsible factors for the growth promotion. Diffusion of FGF-2 across the polycarbonate membrane was suppressed by coating with Matrigel. When FGF-2-secreting A549 cells were covered with Matrigel, FGF-2 was stored in Matrigel and its diffusion into the culture media was significantly reduced. Binding of FGF-2 to Matrigel was completely blocked by a basic protein, protamine sulfate. In the presence of protamine sulfate in Matrigel overlaid on A549 cells, diffusion of FGF-2 increased 7-fold as much as that without overlaid Matrigel."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Antibodies, Blocking",
"Basement Membrane",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Collagen",
"Culture Media, Conditioned",
"DNA",
"DNA Replication",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Combinations",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Fibroblasts",
"Heparitin Sulfate",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1",
"Laminin",
"Lung",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Paracrine Communication",
"Protamines",
"Proteoglycans",
"Recombinant Proteins"
]
} | These results suggest that the basement membrane acts as a barrier to the diffusion and a reservoir of cytokines secreted by cancer cells, and that the subsequent degradation of the basement membrane by cancer cells could release the stored cytokines and promote growth of fibroblasts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does basement membrane matrix modify cytokine interactions between lung cancer cells and fibroblasts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Proliferation of fibroblasts (desmoplastic reaction) in the lung adenocarcinomas is an important phenomenon that correlates with metastases and poor prognosis. Because basement membranes are often involved in the desmoplastic areas and many cytokines have binding capacity to basement membrane molecules, we hypothesized that basement membrane modify the paracrine effects between cancer cells and fibroblasts via the fibrogenic cytokines and this hypothesis was experimentally investigated.', 'The effects of conditioned media derived from ten lung carcinoma cell lines and normal airway epithelial cells on DNA synthesis of fetal lung fibroblasts were determined. We focused on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) as the candidate paracrine cytokines and examined their diffusion through an experimental basement membrane matrix model, Matrigel.', 'All the conditioned media promoted DNA synthesis of fetal lung fibroblasts. Detection by ELISA methods and the neutralizing antibodies suggested that FGF-2 was one of the responsible factors for the growth promotion. Diffusion of FGF-2 across the polycarbonate membrane was suppressed by coating with Matrigel. When FGF-2-secreting A549 cells were covered with Matrigel, FGF-2 was stored in Matrigel and its diffusion into the culture media was significantly reduced. Binding of FGF-2 to Matrigel was completely blocked by a basic protein, protamine sulfate. In the presence of protamine sulfate in Matrigel overlaid on A549 cells, diffusion of FGF-2 increased 7-fold as much as that without overlaid Matrigel.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antibodies, Blocking', 'Basement Membrane', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Collagen', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'DNA', 'DNA Replication', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Combinations', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Fibroblasts', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Laminin', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Paracrine Communication', 'Protamines', 'Proteoglycans', 'Recombinant Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,374,068 | Is overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with a favorable prognostic phenotype in breast carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of COX-2 protein in breast cancer biological behavior through its correlation with the well-known clinicopathological parameters and the expression of p53, c-erbB-2, topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) proteins, as well as its effect on patients' survival.",
"We performed immunohistochemistry to detect COX-2, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, c-erbB-2, topoIIalpha and PPARgamma proteins in 175 cases of invasive breast carcinomas. The results were elaborated by statistic analysis.",
"Cytoplasmic expression of COX-2 was detected in 66.9% of breast carcinoma samples and was inversely correlated with both nuclear and histological grade (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.039, respectively), whereas its association with PR was found to be positive (p = 0.016). COX-2 expression was inversely correlated with topoIIalpha and p53 (p = 0.033 and p = 0.002, respectively), whereas its association with PPARgamma was parallel (p < 0.0001). In addition, c-erbB-2 of tumor cells was inversely correlated with COX-2 in stromal cells of the tumor (p = 0.011). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis demonstrated any association between COX-2 expression and patient overall or disease-free survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast",
"Carcinoma, Lobular",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Middle Aged",
"PPAR gamma"
]
} | The current data suggest that increased expression of COX-2 may be related to breast carcinomas with less aggressive phenotype. This suggestion is further supported by the positive correlation between COX-2 and PPARgamma, since the latter is considered to be indicative of a less malignant phenotype of tumor cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with a favorable prognostic phenotype in breast carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of COX-2 protein in breast cancer biological behavior through its correlation with the well-known clinicopathological parameters and the expression of p53, c-erbB-2, topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) proteins, as well as its effect on patients' survival.\", 'We performed immunohistochemistry to detect COX-2, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, c-erbB-2, topoIIalpha and PPARgamma proteins in 175 cases of invasive breast carcinomas. The results were elaborated by statistic analysis.', 'Cytoplasmic expression of COX-2 was detected in 66.9% of breast carcinoma samples and was inversely correlated with both nuclear and histological grade (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.039, respectively), whereas its association with PR was found to be positive (p = 0.016). COX-2 expression was inversely correlated with topoIIalpha and p53 (p = 0.033 and p = 0.002, respectively), whereas its association with PPARgamma was parallel (p < 0.0001). In addition, c-erbB-2 of tumor cells was inversely correlated with COX-2 in stromal cells of the tumor (p = 0.011). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis demonstrated any association between COX-2 expression and patient overall or disease-free survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Middle Aged', 'PPAR gamma']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,386,062 | Does periodic direct current promote wound closure in an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration? | {
"contexts": [
"A prevailing paradigm is that electrical fields can promote cell migration and tissue healing. To further validate this paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that periodic direct current (DC) can enhance wound closure using an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration.",
"Layers of primary fibroblasts were wounded and treated with DC under various voltages. Repair area, cell velocity, and directionality as well as lamellipodium area were evaluated at different times. Direct current had no beneficial effect on cell migration. Moreover, prolonged stimulation under the highest voltage led to significant reduction in wound closure and cell velocity. The reduction of membrane protusions in stimulated cells may be associated with the deleterious effect of DC."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Movement",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Fibroblasts",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Microscopy",
"Models, Biological",
"Rats",
"Video Recording",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | Contrary to the authors' expectations, they found that periodic DC did not promote wound closure, a finding that emphasizes the need to clarify the complex effects of electrical fields on migrating cells. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does periodic direct current promote wound closure in an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A prevailing paradigm is that electrical fields can promote cell migration and tissue healing. To further validate this paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that periodic direct current (DC) can enhance wound closure using an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration.', 'Layers of primary fibroblasts were wounded and treated with DC under various voltages. Repair area, cell velocity, and directionality as well as lamellipodium area were evaluated at different times. Direct current had no beneficial effect on cell migration. Moreover, prolonged stimulation under the highest voltage led to significant reduction in wound closure and cell velocity. The reduction of membrane protusions in stimulated cells may be associated with the deleterious effect of DC.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Fibroblasts', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy', 'Models, Biological', 'Rats', 'Video Recording', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,389,647 | Does mixed hematopoietic molecular chimerism result in permanent transgene expression from retrovirally transduced hepatocytes in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytotoxic immune elimination of transduced hepatocytes may limit gene therapy for inherited liver diseases. Using beta-galactosidase as a marker gene, we studied whether creation of mixed beta-galactosidase molecular hematopoietic chimerism could induce tolerance to beta-galactosidase-transduced hepatocytes.",
"Molecular hematopoietic chimerism was established in irradiated recipient mice by transplantation of either a mixture of wild-type and beta-galactosidase-transgenic bone marrow or autologous bone marrow stem cells that were transduced with beta-galactosidase lentiviral vectors. After transplantation, mice were hepatectomized and injected with beta-galactosidase recombinant retroviruses to transduce regenerating hepatocytes. We monitored the presence of beta-galactosidase-expressing hepatocytes as well as the appearance of anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies during the time.",
"In control animals, anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response developed as early as 3 weeks after gene transfer. Transduced hepatocytes disappeared concomitantly. In bone marrow transplanted mice, tolerance could be observed in a significant proportion of animals. Tolerance resulted in permanent liver transgene expression and was absent unless a chimerism above 1% was achieved, demonstrating a threshold effect."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chimerism",
"Galactosidases",
"Gene Expression",
"Hematopoietic System",
"Hepatocytes",
"Lentivirus",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Transduction, Genetic",
"Transgenes"
]
} | Creation of a molecular hematopoietic chimerism can result in transgene tolerance and evade immune rejection of retrovirally transduced hepatocytes. This strategy may be useful for hepatic inherited diseases in which the transgene product behaves as a non-self protein. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mixed hematopoietic molecular chimerism result in permanent transgene expression from retrovirally transduced hepatocytes in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cytotoxic immune elimination of transduced hepatocytes may limit gene therapy for inherited liver diseases. Using beta-galactosidase as a marker gene, we studied whether creation of mixed beta-galactosidase molecular hematopoietic chimerism could induce tolerance to beta-galactosidase-transduced hepatocytes.', 'Molecular hematopoietic chimerism was established in irradiated recipient mice by transplantation of either a mixture of wild-type and beta-galactosidase-transgenic bone marrow or autologous bone marrow stem cells that were transduced with beta-galactosidase lentiviral vectors. After transplantation, mice were hepatectomized and injected with beta-galactosidase recombinant retroviruses to transduce regenerating hepatocytes. We monitored the presence of beta-galactosidase-expressing hepatocytes as well as the appearance of anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies during the time.', 'In control animals, anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response developed as early as 3 weeks after gene transfer. Transduced hepatocytes disappeared concomitantly. In bone marrow transplanted mice, tolerance could be observed in a significant proportion of animals. Tolerance resulted in permanent liver transgene expression and was absent unless a chimerism above 1% was achieved, demonstrating a threshold effect.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chimerism', 'Galactosidases', 'Gene Expression', 'Hematopoietic System', 'Hepatocytes', 'Lentivirus', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transgenes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,896 | Do liver and skeletal muscle lipids have differing fatty acid profiles in short-gut rats fed via parenteral nutrition? | {
"contexts": [
"In short-gut rats, we showed marked abnormalities in plasma lipid fatty acids using parenteral nutrition (PN) with lipid vs sham surgery rats. This suggests that either sensing or metabolism of parenteral lipid is abnormal in malabsorption. The goal of this study was to determine fatty acid profiles in skeletal muscle and liver in short-gut rats treated with PN compared with sham rats.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and massive small bowel resection (or sham surgery). Rats (n = 32, 16 sham, 16 short gut) were randomly assigned to PN with lipid or fat-free PN. After 5 days, weight loss was similar in all groups, and mixed hindlimb skeletal muscle and liver were biopsied.",
"We found marked differences between liver and skeletal muscle. In livers of short-gut animals, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, and 22:6omega3 were higher (all p < .05) than in sham. In skeletal muscle, short gut had no effect on fatty acid profiles. In liver, fat-free PN led to significant increases in 20:3omega6, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, 20:3omega9, 20:5omega3, 22:6omega3, and triene/tetraene ratio (all p < .05) compared with feeding PN with lipid, irrespective of short gut. In muscle, levels of the distal long-chain fatty acid metabolites and triene/tetraene ratio were minimally affected by nutrition. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were similar in all 4 groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Fat Emulsions, Intravenous",
"Fatty Acids",
"Fatty Acids, Omega-3",
"Fatty Acids, Omega-6",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Parenteral Nutrition",
"Phospholipids",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Short Bowel Syndrome"
]
} | Both the presence of short gut and type of PN led to increases in distal metabolites of fatty acids on omega:3 and omega:6 pathway in liver phospholipids but not in skeletal muscle during short-term PN feeding in rats. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do liver and skeletal muscle lipids have differing fatty acid profiles in short-gut rats fed via parenteral nutrition?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In short-gut rats, we showed marked abnormalities in plasma lipid fatty acids using parenteral nutrition (PN) with lipid vs sham surgery rats. This suggests that either sensing or metabolism of parenteral lipid is abnormal in malabsorption. The goal of this study was to determine fatty acid profiles in skeletal muscle and liver in short-gut rats treated with PN compared with sham rats.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and massive small bowel resection (or sham surgery). Rats (n = 32, 16 sham, 16 short gut) were randomly assigned to PN with lipid or fat-free PN. After 5 days, weight loss was similar in all groups, and mixed hindlimb skeletal muscle and liver were biopsied.', 'We found marked differences between liver and skeletal muscle. In livers of short-gut animals, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, and 22:6omega3 were higher (all p < .05) than in sham. In skeletal muscle, short gut had no effect on fatty acid profiles. In liver, fat-free PN led to significant increases in 20:3omega6, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, 20:3omega9, 20:5omega3, 22:6omega3, and triene/tetraene ratio (all p < .05) compared with feeding PN with lipid, irrespective of short gut. In muscle, levels of the distal long-chain fatty acid metabolites and triene/tetraene ratio were minimally affected by nutrition. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were similar in all 4 groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Fat Emulsions, Intravenous', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-6', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Parenteral Nutrition', 'Phospholipids', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Short Bowel Syndrome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,387,897 | Does feeding an elemental diet vs a milk-based formula decrease intestinal mucosal growth in infant pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously showed that the level of enteral nutrient intake determines the rate of intestinal growth in piglets. Our objective was to determine whether providing enteral nutrition in the form of elemental nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipid [ED]) rather than cow's milk formula (lactose, protein, lipid [FORM]) reduces small intestinal growth and lactase activity.",
"Three-week-old piglets were fed either ED (n = 7) intragastrically or FORM (n = 6) orally for 6 days.",
"Intestinal protein and DNA masses, villus height, and crypt depth were not different in ED and FORM pigs. Crypt cell proliferation, measured by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling, was significantly (p < .05) higher (+37%) in ED than in FORM pigs. Rates of mucosal protein synthesis (%/d), measured by in vivo 2H-leucine incorporation, were higher (p < .05) in ED than FORM (147 vs 89) pigs. Circulating concentrations (pmol/L) of the intestinotrophic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), were also higher (p < .05) in ED than in FORM (148 vs 87) pigs. The mean lactase-specific activity (micromol/min/g) in proximal and distal segments was higher (p < .05) in FORM than in ED (124 vs 58) pigs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Cell Division",
"Enteral Nutrition",
"Female",
"Food, Formulated",
"Glucagon-Like Peptide 2",
"Glucagon-Like Peptides",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Lactase",
"Organ Size",
"Protein Biosynthesis",
"Random Allocation",
"Swine",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | We conclude that intestinal mucosal growth and villus morphology are similar in pigs fed ED and FORM, despite higher cell proliferation and protein synthesis rates and lower lactase activity with ED. This implies that elemental diets may be as trophic as polymeric formulas to simultaneously provide nutrition and a stimulus for intestinal growth during bowel rest. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does feeding an elemental diet vs a milk-based formula decrease intestinal mucosal growth in infant pigs?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"We previously showed that the level of enteral nutrient intake determines the rate of intestinal growth in piglets. Our objective was to determine whether providing enteral nutrition in the form of elemental nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipid [ED]) rather than cow's milk formula (lactose, protein, lipid [FORM]) reduces small intestinal growth and lactase activity.\", 'Three-week-old piglets were fed either ED (n = 7) intragastrically or FORM (n = 6) orally for 6 days.', 'Intestinal protein and DNA masses, villus height, and crypt depth were not different in ED and FORM pigs. Crypt cell proliferation, measured by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling, was significantly (p < .05) higher (+37%) in ED than in FORM pigs. Rates of mucosal protein synthesis (%/d), measured by in vivo 2H-leucine incorporation, were higher (p < .05) in ED than FORM (147 vs 89) pigs. Circulating concentrations (pmol/L) of the intestinotrophic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), were also higher (p < .05) in ED than in FORM (148 vs 87) pigs. The mean lactase-specific activity (micromol/min/g) in proximal and distal segments was higher (p < .05) in FORM than in ED (124 vs 58) pigs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cell Division', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Food, Formulated', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 2', 'Glucagon-Like Peptides', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Lactase', 'Organ Size', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Random Allocation', 'Swine', 'Weight Gain']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
16,385,231 | Is ethanol-induced sensitization to endotoxin in Kupffer cells dependent upon oxidative stress? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of Kupffer cells by gut-derived endotoxin plays a pivotal role in alcoholic liver injury. On the other hand, it was reported that acute ethanol administration reduced activation of Kupffer cells. We found that Kupffer cells isolated from rat treated only once with ethanol were sensitized to endotoxin 24 hrs later correlatively with CD14 expression. Moreover, it was shown that Kupffer cell activation by endotoxin via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is involved in alcohol-induced liver injury and ethanol-induced oxidative stress is important in the regulation of transcription factor NFkappaB activation and cytokine production by Kupffer cells. Here, we show that IRAK, one of signaling molecules of TLR-4, regulates tolerance and sensitization to LPS and acute ethanol increases in IRAK expression through a mechanism dependent upon oxidant production.",
"Female C57BL/6 mice were given ethanol (5 g/kg) intragastrically, and LPS was injected 1 or 21 hrs later. Serum transaminase levels were measured. Moreover, some mice were treated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium sulfate (DPI, 1 mg/kg/day) or infected with adenovirus (1 x 10 plaque-forming units, intravenously) containing IkappaB superrepressor gene, which prevent NFkappaB activation of Kupffer cells, for three days. Kupffer cells were isolated from mice 1 hr and 21 hrs after ethanol treatment. After the addition of LPS, TNF-alpha in the media was measured using ELISA, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to analyze DNA binding activity of NFkappaB. Further, expression of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) was evaluated by Western blotting.",
"LPS-induced increases in transaminases were blunted in mice treated with ethanol before 1 hr. However, ethanol treatment 21 hrs earlier augmented LPS-increased transaminases three-fold over controls. Pretreatment with nonabsorbable antibiotics blocked these effects of ethanol. LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells isolated from mice 1 hr after ethanol was reduced to about 60% of values from control Kupffer cells, while LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells isolated from mice treated with ethanol 21 hrs earlier increased 1.5-fold over control Kupffer cells. In Kupffer cells from mice 1 hr after ethanol treatment, expression of IRAK was decreased, and LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB was decreased correlatively. In contrast, ethanol treatment to mice increased expression of IRAK in Kupffer cells 21hrs later and LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB was elevated significantly. On the other hands, DPI treatment for three days prior to ethanol did not prevent decreases in IRAK expression due to ethanol treatment for 1 hr. However, DPI treatment blunted ethanol-induced increases in IRAK expression. Additionally, inhibition of NKkappaB activation with dominant-negative IkappaBalpha blunted ethanol-induced increase in IRAK expression. Contrary, inhibition of NKkappaB did not affect decrease of IRAK expression due to ethanol treatment for 1 hr."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Central Nervous System Depressants",
"Cytokines",
"Endotoxins",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Ethanol",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"NADPH Oxidases",
"NF-kappa B",
"Onium Compounds",
"Oxidants",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Receptors, Interleukin-1",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Viral Plaque Assay"
]
} | Ethanol causes tolerance in the early phase after ethanol consumption, while sensitization was observed later. Both tolerance and sensitization were induced by gut-derived endotoxin. These findings indicate that ethanol-induced both tolerance and sensitization of Kupffer cells to endotoxin involve IRAK expression. Further, NADPH oxidase plays a pivotal role in the increase in IRAK expression due to ethanol via activation of NFkappaB signaling pathway. In conclusion, these data indicate that acute ethanol causes sensitization to endotoxin through mechanisms dependent upon oxidative stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is ethanol-induced sensitization to endotoxin in Kupffer cells dependent upon oxidative stress?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Activation of Kupffer cells by gut-derived endotoxin plays a pivotal role in alcoholic liver injury. On the other hand, it was reported that acute ethanol administration reduced activation of Kupffer cells. We found that Kupffer cells isolated from rat treated only once with ethanol were sensitized to endotoxin 24 hrs later correlatively with CD14 expression. Moreover, it was shown that Kupffer cell activation by endotoxin via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is involved in alcohol-induced liver injury and ethanol-induced oxidative stress is important in the regulation of transcription factor NFkappaB activation and cytokine production by Kupffer cells. Here, we show that IRAK, one of signaling molecules of TLR-4, regulates tolerance and sensitization to LPS and acute ethanol increases in IRAK expression through a mechanism dependent upon oxidant production.', 'Female C57BL/6 mice were given ethanol (5 g/kg) intragastrically, and LPS was injected 1 or 21 hrs later. Serum transaminase levels were measured. Moreover, some mice were treated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium sulfate (DPI, 1 mg/kg/day) or infected with adenovirus (1 x 10 plaque-forming units, intravenously) containing IkappaB superrepressor gene, which prevent NFkappaB activation of Kupffer cells, for three days. Kupffer cells were isolated from mice 1 hr and 21 hrs after ethanol treatment. After the addition of LPS, TNF-alpha in the media was measured using ELISA, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to analyze DNA binding activity of NFkappaB. Further, expression of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) was evaluated by Western blotting.', 'LPS-induced increases in transaminases were blunted in mice treated with ethanol before 1 hr. However, ethanol treatment 21 hrs earlier augmented LPS-increased transaminases three-fold over controls. Pretreatment with nonabsorbable antibiotics blocked these effects of ethanol. LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells isolated from mice 1 hr after ethanol was reduced to about 60% of values from control Kupffer cells, while LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells isolated from mice treated with ethanol 21 hrs earlier increased 1.5-fold over control Kupffer cells. In Kupffer cells from mice 1 hr after ethanol treatment, expression of IRAK was decreased, and LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB was decreased correlatively. In contrast, ethanol treatment to mice increased expression of IRAK in Kupffer cells 21hrs later and LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB was elevated significantly. On the other hands, DPI treatment for three days prior to ethanol did not prevent decreases in IRAK expression due to ethanol treatment for 1 hr. However, DPI treatment blunted ethanol-induced increases in IRAK expression. Additionally, inhibition of NKkappaB activation with dominant-negative IkappaBalpha blunted ethanol-induced increase in IRAK expression. Contrary, inhibition of NKkappaB did not affect decrease of IRAK expression due to ethanol treatment for 1 hr.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Cytokines', 'Endotoxins', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Ethanol', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'NF-kappa B', 'Onium Compounds', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Receptors, Interleukin-1', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Viral Plaque Assay']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,371,118 | Is soluble tissue factor a candidate marker for progression of microvascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relationship between abnormalities in blood coagulation and prevalent or incident cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.",
"Prospective cohort study of 128 patients with Type 2 diabetes in whom blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. All cardiovascular complications at baseline and follow-up were recorded. Forty-three healthy, age-matched subjects served as a control group.",
"Logistic analysis revealed an independent relationship between soluble tissue factor (TF) and microvascular disease [per pg mL(-1) TF: Exp(B) = 1.008; CI(95%)1.002-1.014], or neurogenic disease [Exp(B) = 1.006; CI(95%)1.001-1.011]. The highest levels of soluble TF were observed in patients with microvascular and neurogenic disease (P < 0.001). Patients with Type 2 diabetes having a soluble TF concentration >300 pg mL(-1) are at a 15-fold higher risk for the presence of microvascular disease and at a 10-fold higher risk for the presence of neurogenic disease compared with the patients with concentrations below 100 pg mL(-1). Soluble TF was correlated with tissue type plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor antigen, systolic blood pressure and age. Levels of F1' + 2, D-dimer, FVIII activity, t-PA and vWFag were not different among patients with micro-, macro- or neurogenic complications compared with patients without those complications. Forty-eight new micro-, macro- and/or neurogenic complications were diagnosed after 1 year follow-up. With the exception of higher F1 + 2 levels after 1 year all other markers remained unchanged. A trend toward higher soluble TF levels was observed in patients with new microvascular events (P = 0.056)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Coagulation",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Angiopathies",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Thromboplastin"
]
} | Soluble TF is associated with existing microvascular and neurogenic complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes and is a candidate marker for progression of microvascular disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is soluble tissue factor a candidate marker for progression of microvascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the relationship between abnormalities in blood coagulation and prevalent or incident cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.', 'Prospective cohort study of 128 patients with Type 2 diabetes in whom blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. All cardiovascular complications at baseline and follow-up were recorded. Forty-three healthy, age-matched subjects served as a control group.', \"Logistic analysis revealed an independent relationship between soluble tissue factor (TF) and microvascular disease [per pg mL(-1) TF: Exp(B) = 1.008; CI(95%)1.002-1.014], or neurogenic disease [Exp(B) = 1.006; CI(95%)1.001-1.011]. The highest levels of soluble TF were observed in patients with microvascular and neurogenic disease (P < 0.001). Patients with Type 2 diabetes having a soluble TF concentration >300 pg mL(-1) are at a 15-fold higher risk for the presence of microvascular disease and at a 10-fold higher risk for the presence of neurogenic disease compared with the patients with concentrations below 100 pg mL(-1). Soluble TF was correlated with tissue type plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor antigen, systolic blood pressure and age. Levels of F1' + 2, D-dimer, FVIII activity, t-PA and vWFag were not different among patients with micro-, macro- or neurogenic complications compared with patients without those complications. Forty-eight new micro-, macro- and/or neurogenic complications were diagnosed after 1 year follow-up. With the exception of higher F1 + 2 levels after 1 year all other markers remained unchanged. A trend toward higher soluble TF levels was observed in patients with new microvascular events (P = 0.056).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thromboplastin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,389,042 | Does n-acetyl-cysteine suppress amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Maternal infections may induce placental, amniotic and, potentially, fetal inflammatory responses. As cytokine responses may be mediated by oxidative stress, we determined whether the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), can attenuate maternally induced amniotic and placental cytokine responses to maternal infection (modeled by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]).",
"Gestation day 18 pregnant rats were (1) treated with LPS (100 microg/kg, body weight; intraperitoneally) alone; (2) pretreated with NAC (300 mg/kg body weight; intraperitoneally) 30 minutes before LPS; (3) posttreated with NAC 120 minutes after LPS; or (4) treated with NAC 30 minutes before and 120 minutes after LPS. Six hours after LPS administration, maternal serum and amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels, and placental IL-6 messenger RNA levels were determined.",
"LPS increased maternal serum IL-6 (50 +/- 25 to 3444 +/- 584 pg/mL) and IL-10 (40 +/- 20 to 958 +/- 339 pg/mL) and amniotic fluid IL-6 (59 +/- 25 to 891 +/- 128 pg/mL). Pretreatment and/or posttreatment with NAC attenuated IL-6 in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid and IL-10 in the amniotic fluid. LPS also induced placental IL-6 messenger RNA that was inhibited by treatment with NAC before and after LPS."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Amniotic Fluid",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-6",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Placenta",
"Pregnancy",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | NAC inhibition of inflammatory responses may protect the fetus from potential long-term sequelae. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does n-acetyl-cysteine suppress amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Maternal infections may induce placental, amniotic and, potentially, fetal inflammatory responses. As cytokine responses may be mediated by oxidative stress, we determined whether the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), can attenuate maternally induced amniotic and placental cytokine responses to maternal infection (modeled by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]).', 'Gestation day 18 pregnant rats were (1) treated with LPS (100 microg/kg, body weight; intraperitoneally) alone; (2) pretreated with NAC (300 mg/kg body weight; intraperitoneally) 30 minutes before LPS; (3) posttreated with NAC 120 minutes after LPS; or (4) treated with NAC 30 minutes before and 120 minutes after LPS. Six hours after LPS administration, maternal serum and amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels, and placental IL-6 messenger RNA levels were determined.', 'LPS increased maternal serum IL-6 (50 +/- 25 to 3444 +/- 584 pg/mL) and IL-10 (40 +/- 20 to 958 +/- 339 pg/mL) and amniotic fluid IL-6 (59 +/- 25 to 891 +/- 128 pg/mL). Pretreatment and/or posttreatment with NAC attenuated IL-6 in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid and IL-10 in the amniotic fluid. LPS also induced placental IL-6 messenger RNA that was inhibited by treatment with NAC before and after LPS.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,034 | Is fractional anisotropy higher in Heschl 's gyrus than in superior temporal gyrus in normal subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"The first Heschl's gyrus (HG) is believed to receive the core projection of the acoustic radiation. We examined if it were possible to differentiate the subcortical white matter of the HG from the superior temporal gyrus (STG) using diffusion tensor (DT) imaging.",
"The study was approved and informed consent was obtained in accordance with the guidelines of our Institutional Review Board for human subject studies. We examined six healthy adult volunteers with DT images using 20 orientations and repeated 11 times. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated.",
"The mean FA of the subcortical white matter of the HG (0.37) was higher than that of the STG (0.27) on both sides (P < .01). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing left and right HG and STG (P > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean ADC of the HGs and STGs (0.75 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, P > .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anisotropy",
"Auditory Cortex",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Male",
"Reference Values"
]
} | The FA in the subcortical white matter of the HG was higher than that of the STG in both hemispheres. These changes in DT imaging may be accounted for by the presence of the auditory radiations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fractional anisotropy higher in Heschl 's gyrus than in superior temporal gyrus in normal subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The first Heschl's gyrus (HG) is believed to receive the core projection of the acoustic radiation. We examined if it were possible to differentiate the subcortical white matter of the HG from the superior temporal gyrus (STG) using diffusion tensor (DT) imaging.\", 'The study was approved and informed consent was obtained in accordance with the guidelines of our Institutional Review Board for human subject studies. We examined six healthy adult volunteers with DT images using 20 orientations and repeated 11 times. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated.', 'The mean FA of the subcortical white matter of the HG (0.37) was higher than that of the STG (0.27) on both sides (P < .01). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing left and right HG and STG (P > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean ADC of the HGs and STGs (0.75 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, P > .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anisotropy', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,398,778 | Does chronic fetal hypoxia increase activin A concentrations in the late-pregnant sheep? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether activin A concentrations are altered in chronic fetal hypoxemia and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR).",
"In vivo animal experimental model.",
"Department of Physiology, Monash University.",
"Chronically catherised fetal sheep in late pregnancy.",
"Chronic fetal hypoxia and IUGR were experimentally induced by single umbilical artery ligation (SUAL) in catheterised fetal sheep. Maternal and fetal blood samples and amniotic fluid (AF) samples were collected during surgery and thereafter on alternate days, until the time of delivery for analyte measurement. Fetal blood gas parameters were measured daily.",
"Plasma and AF was used to analyse activin A, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cortisol and fetal blood gas analysis was undertaken in whole blood.",
"SUAL produced asymmetric IUGR and non-acidaemic chronic fetal hypoxia and resulted in preterm labour (129 [3] days). AF activin A concentrations were 10-fold higher in the SUAL group than in controls whereas levels in the fetal and maternal circulations were similar between groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activins",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Chronic Disease",
"Dinoprostone",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Fetal Blood",
"Fetal Growth Retardation",
"Fetal Hypoxia",
"Gestational Age",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Inhibin-beta Subunits",
"Ligation",
"Pregnancy",
"Sheep",
"Umbilical Arteries"
]
} | SUAL-induced IUGR and fetal hypoxaemia increases AF activin A. This may be an important adaptive or protective response to IUGR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chronic fetal hypoxia increase activin A concentrations in the late-pregnant sheep?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether activin A concentrations are altered in chronic fetal hypoxemia and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR).', 'In vivo animal experimental model.', 'Department of Physiology, Monash University.', 'Chronically catherised fetal sheep in late pregnancy.', 'Chronic fetal hypoxia and IUGR were experimentally induced by single umbilical artery ligation (SUAL) in catheterised fetal sheep. Maternal and fetal blood samples and amniotic fluid (AF) samples were collected during surgery and thereafter on alternate days, until the time of delivery for analyte measurement. Fetal blood gas parameters were measured daily.', 'Plasma and AF was used to analyse activin A, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cortisol and fetal blood gas analysis was undertaken in whole blood.', 'SUAL produced asymmetric IUGR and non-acidaemic chronic fetal hypoxia and resulted in preterm labour (129 [3] days). AF activin A concentrations were 10-fold higher in the SUAL group than in controls whereas levels in the fetal and maternal circulations were similar between groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activins', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Dinoprostone', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Fetal Hypoxia', 'Gestational Age', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Inhibin-beta Subunits', 'Ligation', 'Pregnancy', 'Sheep', 'Umbilical Arteries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,393,285 | Are blood oxidative stress markers unreliable markers of hepatic steatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis are associated with hepatic oxidative stress, which is partially dependent on the amount of hepatic fat.",
"To determine whether the circulating lipid and oxidative stress parameters could be non-invasive markers of hepatic steatosis.",
"Sixty-four patients with NAFLD or viral hepatitis were tested for lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant defence systems, lipid parameters and liver function tests.",
"Hepatic steatosis was correlated with lipids, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the presence of steatosis. No difference in blood oxidative stress markers was observed according to the presence or absence of steatosis except for the superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the NAFLD group (n = 17, 60% mean steatosis grade) than in the viral hepatitis group (n = 20, 13% mean steatosis grade). Only superoxide dismutase was lower and vitamin E higher in NAFLD than in viral hepatitis patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Cholesterol",
"Fatty Liver",
"Female",
"Glutathione Peroxidase",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Selenium",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Vitamin E"
]
} | Standard blood oxidative stress markers do not predict the extent of hepatic steatosis as they probably do not accurately reflect intrahepatic oxidative stress. Serum lipid levels were best correlated with hepatic steatosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are blood oxidative stress markers unreliable markers of hepatic steatosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis are associated with hepatic oxidative stress, which is partially dependent on the amount of hepatic fat.', 'To determine whether the circulating lipid and oxidative stress parameters could be non-invasive markers of hepatic steatosis.', 'Sixty-four patients with NAFLD or viral hepatitis were tested for lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant defence systems, lipid parameters and liver function tests.', 'Hepatic steatosis was correlated with lipids, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the presence of steatosis. No difference in blood oxidative stress markers was observed according to the presence or absence of steatosis except for the superoxide dismutase/erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ratio. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the NAFLD group (n = 17, 60% mean steatosis grade) than in the viral hepatitis group (n = 20, 13% mean steatosis grade). Only superoxide dismutase was lower and vitamin E higher in NAFLD than in viral hepatitis patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Cholesterol', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Selenium', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Vitamin E']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,396,725 | Does spinal manipulative therapy reduce inflammatory cytokines but not substance P production in normal subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of a single spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) on the in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin (IL) 1beta, in relation to the systemic (in vivo) levels of neurotransmitter substance P (SP).",
"Sixty-four asymptomatic subjects were assigned to SMT, sham manipulation, or venipuncture control group. SMT subjects received a single adjustment in the thoracic spine. Blood and serum samples were obtained from subjects before and then at 20 minutes and 2 hours after intervention. Whole-blood cultures were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. Cytokine production in culture supernatants and serum SP levels were assessed by specific immunoassays.",
"Over the study period, a significant proportion (P </= .05) of sham and control subjects demonstrated progressive increases in the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta. Conversely, in a comparable proportion of cultures from SMT-derived subjects, the production of both cytokines decreased gradually. Normalization of the observed alterations to reflect the changes relative to self-baselines demonstrated that, within 2 hours after intervention, the production of both cytokines increased significantly (P < .001 to .05) in both controls. In contrast, a significant (P < .001 to .05) reduction of proinflammatory cytokine secretion was observed in cultures from SMT-receiving subjects. In all study groups, serum levels of SP remained unaltered within 2 hours after intervention."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Interleukin-1",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Male",
"Manipulation, Chiropractic",
"Monocytes",
"Reference Values",
"Substance P",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | SMT-treated subjects show a time-dependent attenuation of LPS-induced production of the inflammatory cytokines unrelated to systemic levels of SP. This suggests SMT-related down-regulation of inflammatory-type responses via a central yet unknown mechanism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does spinal manipulative therapy reduce inflammatory cytokines but not substance P production in normal subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the effect of a single spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) on the in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin (IL) 1beta, in relation to the systemic (in vivo) levels of neurotransmitter substance P (SP).', 'Sixty-four asymptomatic subjects were assigned to SMT, sham manipulation, or venipuncture control group. SMT subjects received a single adjustment in the thoracic spine. Blood and serum samples were obtained from subjects before and then at 20 minutes and 2 hours after intervention. Whole-blood cultures were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. Cytokine production in culture supernatants and serum SP levels were assessed by specific immunoassays.', 'Over the study period, a significant proportion (P </= .05) of sham and control subjects demonstrated progressive increases in the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta. Conversely, in a comparable proportion of cultures from SMT-derived subjects, the production of both cytokines decreased gradually. Normalization of the observed alterations to reflect the changes relative to self-baselines demonstrated that, within 2 hours after intervention, the production of both cytokines increased significantly (P < .001 to .05) in both controls. In contrast, a significant (P < .001 to .05) reduction of proinflammatory cytokine secretion was observed in cultures from SMT-receiving subjects. In all study groups, serum levels of SP remained unaltered within 2 hours after intervention.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interleukin-1', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Manipulation, Chiropractic', 'Monocytes', 'Reference Values', 'Substance P', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,373,278 | Are expression and activation of MMP -2 , -3 , -9 , -14 induced in rat colon after abdominal X-irradiation? | {
"contexts": [
"Colonic response to single-dose irradiation is characterized by epithelial denudation followed by restitution. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is involved in both of these phases. The aim of this study was to characterize the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and of their stimulatory and inhibitory pathways in radiation-induced ecm remodeling in colonic tissue.",
"Rats were irradiated with single-dose 10 Gy X-rays to the abdomen. Activity, localization, and mRNA levels of MMPs and molecules involved in their activation and inhibition (plasmin/plasminogen; TIMPs), of inflammatory mediators (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in the distal colon, 1, 3, and 7 days after irradiation were analyzed using a combination of approaches including zymography, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).",
"The main finding of this study is that radiation-induced alteration of the mucosal structure is concomitant with local increased expression and activation of MMP subtypes involved in basement membrane degradation (MMP-2, -3, and -9). We investigated MMP-2 activation pathways and found an early increase in mRNA levels of soluble inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta). Furthermore, transcription and activity of MMP-2 activating molecules, such as MMP-14, and molecules involved in the plasminogen/plasmin system were found to increase during the denudation phase. Interestingly, induction of MMP inhibitors TIMP-1 and PAI-1 was observed during the restitution phase. MMP inhibitors may be able to stop acute wound healing response by inhibiting ECM degradation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Colon",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Extracellular Matrix",
"Interleukin-1",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 3",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | This study brings new insights into ECM remodeling in the colon after exposure to ionizing radiation and highlights the role of MMP subtypes specialized in basement membrane degradation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are expression and activation of MMP -2 , -3 , -9 , -14 induced in rat colon after abdominal X-irradiation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Colonic response to single-dose irradiation is characterized by epithelial denudation followed by restitution. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is involved in both of these phases. The aim of this study was to characterize the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and of their stimulatory and inhibitory pathways in radiation-induced ecm remodeling in colonic tissue.', 'Rats were irradiated with single-dose 10 Gy X-rays to the abdomen. Activity, localization, and mRNA levels of MMPs and molecules involved in their activation and inhibition (plasmin/plasminogen; TIMPs), of inflammatory mediators (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in the distal colon, 1, 3, and 7 days after irradiation were analyzed using a combination of approaches including zymography, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).', 'The main finding of this study is that radiation-induced alteration of the mucosal structure is concomitant with local increased expression and activation of MMP subtypes involved in basement membrane degradation (MMP-2, -3, and -9). We investigated MMP-2 activation pathways and found an early increase in mRNA levels of soluble inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta). Furthermore, transcription and activity of MMP-2 activating molecules, such as MMP-14, and molecules involved in the plasminogen/plasmin system were found to increase during the denudation phase. Interestingly, induction of MMP inhibitors TIMP-1 and PAI-1 was observed during the restitution phase. MMP inhibitors may be able to stop acute wound healing response by inhibiting ECM degradation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Colon', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Interleukin-1', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,377,835 | Does documentation in medical records improve after a neurointensivist 's appointment? | {
"contexts": [
"Medical documentation is important for communication among health care professionals, research, legal defense, and reimbursement. Previous studies have indicated insufficient documentation by health care providers and resistance among physicians to comply with the new guidelines. Data in the intensive care unit (ICU) subpopulation are scarce. We examined the hypothesis that a newly appointed neurointensivist may alter documentation practices in a university hospital setting.",
"We sampled medical records of neurological intensive care unit (NICU) patients admitted with three specific diagnoses (head trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) and examined changes in the documentation of important prognostic variables in two time periods: before and after the appointment of a neurointensivist.",
"Overall, documentation improved from 32.5 to 57.5% (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 2.8, 1.9-4.2) in the after period. Documentation using Glasgow Coma Scale, clot volume, Hunt & Hess scale, and Fisher's grade also improved significantly in each of the diagnoses examined in the after period."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cerebral Hemorrhage",
"Craniocerebral Trauma",
"Documentation",
"Guideline Adherence",
"Humans",
"Intensive Care Units",
"Medical Records",
"Neurology",
"Quality Control"
]
} | Our findings suggest that a major change was implemented in the NICU regarding documentation after a neurointensivist was appointed. Although the direct or indirect impact of the appointment was not clarified, these preliminary data warrant a prospective ICU study, which should determine the exact variables that play a role in documentation, how they change over time, and what reinforcing mechanisms can be used. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does documentation in medical records improve after a neurointensivist 's appointment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Medical documentation is important for communication among health care professionals, research, legal defense, and reimbursement. Previous studies have indicated insufficient documentation by health care providers and resistance among physicians to comply with the new guidelines. Data in the intensive care unit (ICU) subpopulation are scarce. We examined the hypothesis that a newly appointed neurointensivist may alter documentation practices in a university hospital setting.', 'We sampled medical records of neurological intensive care unit (NICU) patients admitted with three specific diagnoses (head trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) and examined changes in the documentation of important prognostic variables in two time periods: before and after the appointment of a neurointensivist.', \"Overall, documentation improved from 32.5 to 57.5% (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 2.8, 1.9-4.2) in the after period. Documentation using Glasgow Coma Scale, clot volume, Hunt & Hess scale, and Fisher's grade also improved significantly in each of the diagnoses examined in the after period.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Documentation', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Medical Records', 'Neurology', 'Quality Control']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,399,490 | Does genistein affect the expression of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and angiogenesis in primary human endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Several lines of evidence suggest that the dietary isoflavone genistein (Gen) has beneficial effects with regard to cardiovascular disease and in particular on aspects related to blood pressure and angiogenesis. The biological action of Gen may be, at least in part, attributed to its ability to affect cell signalling and response. However, so far, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of Gen in the endothelium are unknown.",
"To examine the transcriptional response to 2.5 microM Gen on primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC), we applied cDNA array technology both under baseline condition and after treatment with the pro-atherogenic stimulus, copper-oxidized LDL. The alteration of the expression patterns of individual transcripts was substantiated using either RT-PCR or Northern blotting. Gen significantly affected the expression of genes encoding for proteins centrally involved in the vascular tone such as endothelin-converting enzyme-1, endothelin-2, estrogen related receptor alpha and atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A precursor. Furthermore, Gen countered the effect of oxLDL on mRNA levels encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 165, types 1 and 2."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Base Sequence",
"Blood Pressure",
"Blotting, Northern",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Gene Expression",
"Genistein",
"Humans",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | Our data indicate that physiologically achievable levels of Gen change the expression of mRNA encoding for proteins involved in the control of blood pressure under baseline conditions and reduce the angiogenic response to oxLDL in the endothelium. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does genistein affect the expression of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and angiogenesis in primary human endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several lines of evidence suggest that the dietary isoflavone genistein (Gen) has beneficial effects with regard to cardiovascular disease and in particular on aspects related to blood pressure and angiogenesis. The biological action of Gen may be, at least in part, attributed to its ability to affect cell signalling and response. However, so far, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of Gen in the endothelium are unknown.', 'To examine the transcriptional response to 2.5 microM Gen on primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC), we applied cDNA array technology both under baseline condition and after treatment with the pro-atherogenic stimulus, copper-oxidized LDL. The alteration of the expression patterns of individual transcripts was substantiated using either RT-PCR or Northern blotting. Gen significantly affected the expression of genes encoding for proteins centrally involved in the vascular tone such as endothelin-converting enzyme-1, endothelin-2, estrogen related receptor alpha and atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A precursor. Furthermore, Gen countered the effect of oxLDL on mRNA levels encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 165, types 1 and 2.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Base Sequence', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gene Expression', 'Genistein', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
16,376,749 | Do isovolumic but not ejection phase Doppler tissue indices detect left ventricular dysfunction caused by coronary stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) obtained by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) is a sensitive and relatively load-independent index for assessing systolic ventricular function. IVA also has the ability to describe the force-frequency relationship during incremental atrial pacing in vivo.",
"We sought to assess the ability of IVA to detect global left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by coronary constriction.",
"In 6 open-chest anesthetized pigs we examined right ventricular and LV long-axis function by TDE (4-chamber view) with simultaneous invasive measurements of intraventricular pressure, maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, and tau by microtip catheter. A pneumatic cuff was placed around the proximal portion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and distal flow was monitored by transonic flow probe. Mean arterial pressures were monitored by indwelling cannula. Baseline studies assessed force-frequency relationships with TDE and invasive measurements during incremental pacing from 100 to 200/min (20/min increments every 10 minutes). The protocol was repeated 10 minutes after balloon inflation to reduce LAD blood flow by 50%.",
"Compared with baseline, LV pressure decreased significantly (P = .03, 2-way analysis of variance) as did maximum dP/dt (P < .004) with LAD constriction. At the same time IVA and isovolumic velocity at the LV free wall were significantly reduced (P < .002 and P = .04, respectively) and both IVA and isovolumic velocity were correlated with dP/dt (r = 0.45, P < .002, and r = 0.35, P < .02, respectively). TDE systolic indices were unchanged in the right ventricle."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Coronary Stenosis",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Male",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stroke Volume",
"Swine",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | IVA detects changes in global LV systolic function during LAD constriction and may be a useful clinical tool to diagnose ischemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do isovolumic but not ejection phase Doppler tissue indices detect left ventricular dysfunction caused by coronary stenosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) obtained by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) is a sensitive and relatively load-independent index for assessing systolic ventricular function. IVA also has the ability to describe the force-frequency relationship during incremental atrial pacing in vivo.', 'We sought to assess the ability of IVA to detect global left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by coronary constriction.', 'In 6 open-chest anesthetized pigs we examined right ventricular and LV long-axis function by TDE (4-chamber view) with simultaneous invasive measurements of intraventricular pressure, maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, and tau by microtip catheter. A pneumatic cuff was placed around the proximal portion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and distal flow was monitored by transonic flow probe. Mean arterial pressures were monitored by indwelling cannula. Baseline studies assessed force-frequency relationships with TDE and invasive measurements during incremental pacing from 100 to 200/min (20/min increments every 10 minutes). The protocol was repeated 10 minutes after balloon inflation to reduce LAD blood flow by 50%.', 'Compared with baseline, LV pressure decreased significantly (P = .03, 2-way analysis of variance) as did maximum dP/dt (P < .004) with LAD constriction. At the same time IVA and isovolumic velocity at the LV free wall were significantly reduced (P < .002 and P = .04, respectively) and both IVA and isovolumic velocity were correlated with dP/dt (r = 0.45, P < .002, and r = 0.35, P < .02, respectively). TDE systolic indices were unchanged in the right ventricle.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke Volume', 'Swine', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,462 | Does miR-155 Overexpression promote Genomic Instability by Reducing High-fidelity Polymerase Delta Expression and Activating Error-Prone DSB Repair? | {
"contexts": [
"miR-155 is an oncogenic miRNA that is often overexpressed in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-155 can target several DNA repair factors, including RAD51, MLH1, and MSH6, and its overexpression results in an increased mutation frequency in vitro, although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-155 drives an increased mutation frequency both in vitro and in vivo, promoting genomic instability by affecting multiple DNA repair pathways. miR-155 overexpression causes a decrease in homologous recombination, but yields a concurrent increase in the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Despite repressing established targets MLH1 and MSH6, the identified mutation pattern upon miR-155 overexpression does not resemble that of a mismatch repair-deficient background. Further investigation revealed that all four subunits of polymerase delta, a high-fidelity DNA replication, and repair polymerase are downregulated at the mRNA level in the context of miR-155 overexpression. FOXO3a, a transcription factor and known target of miR-155, has one or more putative binding site(s) in the promoter of all four polymerase delta subunits. Finally, suppression of FOXO3a by miR-155 or by siRNA knockdown is sufficient to repress the expression of the catalytic subunit of polymerase delta, POLD1, at the protein level, indicating that FOXO3a contributes to the regulation of polymerase delta levels."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"DNA Polymerase III",
"DNA Repair",
"Forkhead Box Protein O3",
"Genomic Instability",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"MicroRNAs",
"Mutation Rate",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | Taken together, miR-155 overexpression drives an increase in mutation frequency via multifaceted impact on DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does miR-155 Overexpression promote Genomic Instability by Reducing High-fidelity Polymerase Delta Expression and Activating Error-Prone DSB Repair?\nContext: {'contexts': ['miR-155 is an oncogenic miRNA that is often overexpressed in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-155 can target several DNA repair factors, including RAD51, MLH1, and MSH6, and its overexpression results in an increased mutation frequency in vitro, although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-155 drives an increased mutation frequency both in vitro and in vivo, promoting genomic instability by affecting multiple DNA repair pathways. miR-155 overexpression causes a decrease in homologous recombination, but yields a concurrent increase in the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Despite repressing established targets MLH1 and MSH6, the identified mutation pattern upon miR-155 overexpression does not resemble that of a mismatch repair-deficient background. Further investigation revealed that all four subunits of polymerase delta, a high-fidelity DNA replication, and repair polymerase are downregulated at the mRNA level in the context of miR-155 overexpression. FOXO3a, a transcription factor and known target of miR-155, has one or more putative binding site(s) in the promoter of all four polymerase delta subunits. Finally, suppression of FOXO3a by miR-155 or by siRNA knockdown is sufficient to repress the expression of the catalytic subunit of polymerase delta, POLD1, at the protein level, indicating that FOXO3a contributes to the regulation of polymerase delta levels.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Polymerase III', 'DNA Repair', 'Forkhead Box Protein O3', 'Genomic Instability', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Mutation Rate', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,848,486 | Is therapy with natalizumab associated with high JCV seroconversion and rising JCV index values? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to analyze John Cunningham virus (JCV) serology in natalizumab-treated patients over time and assess whether they are influenced by natalizumab treatment.",
"German (n = 1,921; 525 longitudinally) and French (n = 1,259; 711 longitudinally) patients were assessed for JCV serology alongside their therapy with natalizumab.",
"JCV serostatus changed in 69 of 525 longitudinally followed German patients (13.1%) over 14.8 months. Seroconversion according to serostatus was seen in 43 of 339 initially JCV- German patients (12.7% in 14.8 months; 10.3% per year) and 41 of 243 initially JCV- French patients (16.9% in 24 months; 8.5% per year). JCV index values could be reproduced (R (2) = 0.89) with the caveat of 8 of 50 samples (16%) being set into different risk categories between 2 assessments. Index values of JCV+ patients rose over time (p = 0.009) but not because of aging. Treatment with natalizumab was associated with a 15.9% increase of value in JCV+ patients in 14.8 months (12.9% per year)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | JCV seroconversion and index values may be influenced by treatment with natalizumab. It is therefore important to monitor patients' JCV serology but also to incorporate additional risk factors into the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk stratification. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is therapy with natalizumab associated with high JCV seroconversion and rising JCV index values?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the study was to analyze John Cunningham virus (JCV) serology in natalizumab-treated patients over time and assess whether they are influenced by natalizumab treatment.', 'German (n = 1,921; 525 longitudinally) and French (n = 1,259; 711 longitudinally) patients were assessed for JCV serology alongside their therapy with natalizumab.', 'JCV serostatus changed in 69 of 525 longitudinally followed German patients (13.1%) over 14.8 months. Seroconversion according to serostatus was seen in 43 of 339 initially JCV- German patients (12.7% in 14.8 months; 10.3% per year) and 41 of 243 initially JCV- French patients (16.9% in 24 months; 8.5% per year). JCV index values could be reproduced (R (2) = 0.89) with the caveat of 8 of 50 samples (16%) being set into different risk categories between 2 assessments. Index values of JCV+ patients rose over time (p = 0.009) but not because of aging. Treatment with natalizumab was associated with a 15.9% increase of value in JCV+ patients in 14.8 months (12.9% per year).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,848,487 | Do patients with MS under daclizumab therapy mount normal immune responses to influenza vaccination? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to assess the potential immunosuppressive role of daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the α chain of the interleukin 2 receptor, in vivo, by comparing immune responses to the 2013 seasonal influenza vaccination between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on long-term daclizumab therapy and controls.",
"Previously defined subpopulations of adaptive immune cells known to correlate with the immune response to the influenza vaccination were evaluated by 12-color flow cytometry in 23 daclizumab-treated patients with MS and 14 MS or healthy controls before (D0) and 1 day (D1) and 7 days (D7) after administration of the 2013 Afluria vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers and CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell proliferation to 3 strains of virus contained in the Afluria vaccine were assessed at D0, D7, and 180 days postvaccination.",
"Daclizumab-treated patients and controls demonstrated comparable, statistically significant expansions of previously defined subpopulations of activated CD8(+) T cells and B cells that characterize the development of effective immune responses to the influenza vaccine, while proliferation of T cells to influenza and control antigens was diminished in the daclizumab cohort. All participants fulfilled FDA criteria for seroconversion or seroprotection in antibody assays."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Despite the mild immunosuppressive effects of daclizumab in vivo demonstrated by an increased incidence of infectious complications in clinical trials, patients with MS under daclizumab therapy mount normal antibody responses to influenza vaccinations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do patients with MS under daclizumab therapy mount normal immune responses to influenza vaccination?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to assess the potential immunosuppressive role of daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the α chain of the interleukin 2 receptor, in vivo, by comparing immune responses to the 2013 seasonal influenza vaccination between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on long-term daclizumab therapy and controls.', 'Previously defined subpopulations of adaptive immune cells known to correlate with the immune response to the influenza vaccination were evaluated by 12-color flow cytometry in 23 daclizumab-treated patients with MS and 14 MS or healthy controls before (D0) and 1 day (D1) and 7 days (D7) after administration of the 2013 Afluria vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers and CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell proliferation to 3 strains of virus contained in the Afluria vaccine were assessed at D0, D7, and 180 days postvaccination.', 'Daclizumab-treated patients and controls demonstrated comparable, statistically significant expansions of previously defined subpopulations of activated CD8(+) T cells and B cells that characterize the development of effective immune responses to the influenza vaccine, while proliferation of T cells to influenza and control antigens was diminished in the daclizumab cohort. All participants fulfilled FDA criteria for seroconversion or seroprotection in antibody assays.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,851,968 | Does multidimensional endotyping in patients with severe asthma reveal inflammatory heterogeneity in matrix metalloproteinases and chitinase 3-like protein 1? | {
"contexts": [
"Disease heterogeneity in patients with severe asthma and its relationship to inflammatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.",
"We aimed to identify and replicate clinicopathologic endotypes based on analysis of blood and sputum parameters in asthmatic patients.",
"One hundred ninety-four asthmatic patients and 21 control subjects recruited from 2 separate centers underwent detailed clinical assessment, sputum induction, and phlebotomy. One hundred three clinical, physiologic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by using topological data analysis and Bayesian network analysis.",
"Severe asthma was associated with anxiety and depression, obesity, sinonasal symptoms, decreased quality of life, and inflammatory changes, including increased sputum chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 3, 8, and 12 levels. Topological data analysis identified 6 clinicopathobiologic clusters replicated in both geographic cohorts: young, mild paucigranulocytic; older, sinonasal disease; obese, high MMP levels; steroid resistant TH2 mediated, eosinophilic; mixed granulocytic with severe obstruction; and neutrophilic, low periostin levels, severe obstruction. Sputum IL-5 levels were increased in patients with severe particularly eosinophilic forms, whereas IL-13 was suppressed and IL-17 levels did not differ between clusters. Bayesian network analysis separated clinical features from intricately connected inflammatory pathways. YKL-40 levels strongly correlated with neutrophilic asthma and levels of myeloperoxidase, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-6 soluble receptor. MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, and MMP12 levels were associated with severe asthma and were correlated positively with sputum IL-5 levels but negatively with IL-13 levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Asthma",
"Bayes Theorem",
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Middle Aged",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sputum",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In 2 distinct cohorts we have identified and replicated 6 clinicopathobiologic clusters based on blood and induced sputum measures. Our data underline a disconnect between clinical features and underlying inflammation, suggest IL-5 production is relatively steroid insensitive, and highlight the expression of YKL-40 in patients with neutrophilic inflammation and the expression of MMPs in patients with severe asthma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does multidimensional endotyping in patients with severe asthma reveal inflammatory heterogeneity in matrix metalloproteinases and chitinase 3-like protein 1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Disease heterogeneity in patients with severe asthma and its relationship to inflammatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.', 'We aimed to identify and replicate clinicopathologic endotypes based on analysis of blood and sputum parameters in asthmatic patients.', 'One hundred ninety-four asthmatic patients and 21 control subjects recruited from 2 separate centers underwent detailed clinical assessment, sputum induction, and phlebotomy. One hundred three clinical, physiologic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by using topological data analysis and Bayesian network analysis.', 'Severe asthma was associated with anxiety and depression, obesity, sinonasal symptoms, decreased quality of life, and inflammatory changes, including increased sputum chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 3, 8, and 12 levels. Topological data analysis identified 6 clinicopathobiologic clusters replicated in both geographic cohorts: young, mild paucigranulocytic; older, sinonasal disease; obese, high MMP levels; steroid resistant TH2 mediated, eosinophilic; mixed granulocytic with severe obstruction; and neutrophilic, low periostin levels, severe obstruction. Sputum IL-5 levels were increased in patients with severe particularly eosinophilic forms, whereas IL-13 was suppressed and IL-17 levels did not differ between clusters. Bayesian network analysis separated clinical features from intricately connected inflammatory pathways. YKL-40 levels strongly correlated with neutrophilic asthma and levels of myeloperoxidase, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-6 soluble receptor. MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, and MMP12 levels were associated with severe asthma and were correlated positively with sputum IL-5 levels but negatively with IL-13 levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sputum', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,854,462 | Do stem cells improve the quality of colonic anastomoses - A systematic review? | {
"contexts": [
"Stem cells have multiple ways of differentiating and restoring healing. This feature may recommend their usage for decreasing the incidence of anastomotic fistulas in the colon in case of colorectal malignancy.",
"To determine whether stem cells are improving digestive healing, we performed a literature review using as Mesh terms: \"anastomotic leak\", \"stem cells\", and \"colonic anastomoses\", followed by an observational analysis on 3 experimental studies.",
"We found that stem cells increase bursting pressure by an elevated rate of angiogenesis. In addition, the hydroxyproline content of the anastomoses is significantly increased in the stem cell group. The results concerning microscopic characteristics of digestive healing varied markedly between studies."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | These findings suggest a novel role for mesenchymal stem cells in digestive sutures on ischemic conditions. Although stem cells have shown their beneficial effect on anastomotic healing, further studies are necessary to establish the indications, the appropriate method of administration, the sampling site and the identification of substances whose combination might potentiate their angiogenic effect. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do stem cells improve the quality of colonic anastomoses - A systematic review?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Stem cells have multiple ways of differentiating and restoring healing. This feature may recommend their usage for decreasing the incidence of anastomotic fistulas in the colon in case of colorectal malignancy.', 'To determine whether stem cells are improving digestive healing, we performed a literature review using as Mesh terms: \"anastomotic leak\", \"stem cells\", and \"colonic anastomoses\", followed by an observational analysis on 3 experimental studies.', 'We found that stem cells increase bursting pressure by an elevated rate of angiogenesis. In addition, the hydroxyproline content of the anastomoses is significantly increased in the stem cell group. The results concerning microscopic characteristics of digestive healing varied markedly between studies.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,917 | Does nrf2 activator ameliorate hemorrhagic transformation in focal cerebral ischemia under warfarin anticoagulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress has been reported to be a main cause of neuronal cell death in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor involved in anti-oxidative responses. We previously reported that bardoxolone methyl (BARD), an Nrf2 activator, prevented damage induced by IRI. In this study, we investigated the effect of BARD on hemorrhagic transformation in the context of blood brain barrier (BBB) protection.",
"Mice received pre-treatment with warfarin (4.0 mg/kg, p.o.). IRI was subsequently induced 18 h after the warfarin administration by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h. BARD (0.06, 0.2, 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously immediately after reperfusion. The infarct volume, neurological score, intracranial hemorrhage volume, and BBB permeability were evaluated 24 h after MCAO. The survival rate and behavioral functional recovery were evaluated for 7 days following IRI. Furthermore, the effects of BARD on BBB components were investigated by western blotting and immunostaining analysis.",
"BARD suppressed warfarin-mediated increases in the intracranial hemorrhage volume without affecting the infarct volume. BBB permeability was also suppressed by administration of BARD. Western blotting showed that BARD increased expression of BBB components such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and tight junction proteins. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that BARD induced localization of Nrf2 to endothelial cells and pericytes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Anticoagulants",
"Antigens, CD",
"Behavior, Animal",
"Blood-Brain Barrier",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cadherins",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Intracranial Hemorrhages",
"Male",
"Mice",
"NF-E2-Related Factor 2",
"Neurons",
"Oleanolic Acid",
"Pericytes",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Survival Analysis",
"Tight Junction Proteins",
"Warfarin"
]
} | BARD suppressed the exacerbation hemorrhage caused by warfarin pretreatment and ameliorated BBB disruption by protecting endothelial cells, pericytes, and tight junction protein expressions. These results indicate that Nrf2 activators may be an effective therapy against hemorrhagic transformation caused by anticoagulant drugs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nrf2 activator ameliorate hemorrhagic transformation in focal cerebral ischemia under warfarin anticoagulation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidative stress has been reported to be a main cause of neuronal cell death in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor involved in anti-oxidative responses. We previously reported that bardoxolone methyl (BARD), an Nrf2 activator, prevented damage induced by IRI. In this study, we investigated the effect of BARD on hemorrhagic transformation in the context of blood brain barrier (BBB) protection.', 'Mice received pre-treatment with warfarin (4.0 mg/kg, p.o.). IRI was subsequently induced 18 h after the warfarin administration by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h. BARD (0.06, 0.2, 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously immediately after reperfusion. The infarct volume, neurological score, intracranial hemorrhage volume, and BBB permeability were evaluated 24 h after MCAO. The survival rate and behavioral functional recovery were evaluated for 7 days following IRI. Furthermore, the effects of BARD on BBB components were investigated by western blotting and immunostaining analysis.', 'BARD suppressed warfarin-mediated increases in the intracranial hemorrhage volume without affecting the infarct volume. BBB permeability was also suppressed by administration of BARD. Western blotting showed that BARD increased expression of BBB components such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and tight junction proteins. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that BARD induced localization of Nrf2 to endothelial cells and pericytes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Anticoagulants', 'Antigens, CD', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cadherins', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Intracranial Hemorrhages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Neurons', 'Oleanolic Acid', 'Pericytes', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tight Junction Proteins', 'Warfarin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,861,207 | Does feedback activation of neurofibromin terminate growth factor-induced Ras activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Growth factors induce a characteristically short-lived Ras activation in cells emerging from quiescence. Extensive work has shown that transient as opposed to sustained Ras activation is critical for the induction of mitogenic programs. Mitogen-induced accumulation of active Ras-GTP results from increased nucleotide exchange driven by the nucleotide exchange factor Sos. In contrast, the mechanism accounting for signal termination and prompt restoration of basal Ras-GTP levels is unclear, but has been inferred to involve feedback inhibition of Sos. Remarkably, how GTP-hydrolase activating proteins (GAPs) participate in controlling the rise and fall of Ras-GTP levels is unknown.",
"Monitoring nucleotide exchange of Ras in permeabilized cells we find, unexpectedly, that the decline of growth factor-induced Ras-GTP levels proceeds in the presence of unabated high nucleotide exchange, pointing to GAP activation as a major mechanism of signal termination. Experiments with non-hydrolysable GTP analogues and mathematical modeling confirmed and rationalized the presence of high GAP activity as Ras-GTP levels decline in a background of high nucleotide exchange. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches we document a raised activity of the neurofibromatosis type I tumor suppressor Ras-GAP neurofibromin and an involvement of Rsk1 and Rsk2 in the down-regulation of Ras-GTP levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Guanosine Triphosphate",
"HEK293 Cells",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Mice",
"Neurofibromin 1",
"Phosphorylation",
"Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa",
"Signal Transduction",
"Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila",
"ras Proteins"
]
} | Our findings show that, in addition to feedback inhibition of Sos, feedback stimulation of the RasGAP neurofibromin enforces termination of the Ras signal in the context of growth-factor signaling. These findings ascribe a precise role to neurofibromin in growth factor-dependent control of Ras activity and illustrate how, by engaging Ras-GAP activity, mitogen-challenged cells play safe to ensure a timely termination of the Ras signal irrespectively of the reigning rate of nucleotide exchange. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does feedback activation of neurofibromin terminate growth factor-induced Ras activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Growth factors induce a characteristically short-lived Ras activation in cells emerging from quiescence. Extensive work has shown that transient as opposed to sustained Ras activation is critical for the induction of mitogenic programs. Mitogen-induced accumulation of active Ras-GTP results from increased nucleotide exchange driven by the nucleotide exchange factor Sos. In contrast, the mechanism accounting for signal termination and prompt restoration of basal Ras-GTP levels is unclear, but has been inferred to involve feedback inhibition of Sos. Remarkably, how GTP-hydrolase activating proteins (GAPs) participate in controlling the rise and fall of Ras-GTP levels is unknown.', 'Monitoring nucleotide exchange of Ras in permeabilized cells we find, unexpectedly, that the decline of growth factor-induced Ras-GTP levels proceeds in the presence of unabated high nucleotide exchange, pointing to GAP activation as a major mechanism of signal termination. Experiments with non-hydrolysable GTP analogues and mathematical modeling confirmed and rationalized the presence of high GAP activity as Ras-GTP levels decline in a background of high nucleotide exchange. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches we document a raised activity of the neurofibromatosis type I tumor suppressor Ras-GAP neurofibromin and an involvement of Rsk1 and Rsk2 in the down-regulation of Ras-GTP levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mice', 'Neurofibromin 1', 'Phosphorylation', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa', 'Signal Transduction', 'Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila', 'ras Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,918 | Does matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion rescue auditory evoked potential habituation deficit in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Sensory processing deficits are common in autism spectrum disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism. Electrophysiological responses in humans with FXS show reduced habituation with sound repetition and this deficit may underlie auditory hypersensitivity in FXS. Our previous study in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice revealed an unusually long state of increased sound-driven excitability in auditory cortical neurons suggesting that cortical responses to repeated sounds may exhibit abnormal habituation as in humans with FXS. Here, we tested this prediction by comparing cortical event related potentials (ERP) recorded from wildtype (WT) and Fmr1 KO mice. We report a repetition-rate dependent reduction in habituation of N1 amplitude in Fmr1 KO mice and show that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), one of the known FMRP targets, contributes to the reduced ERP habituation. Our studies demonstrate a significant up-regulation of MMP-9 levels in the auditory cortex of adult Fmr1 KO mice, whereas a genetic deletion of Mmp-9 reverses ERP habituation deficits in Fmr1 KO mice. Although the N1 amplitude of Mmp-9/Fmr1 DKO recordings was larger than WT and KO recordings, the habituation of ERPs in Mmp-9/Fmr1 DKO mice is similar to WT mice implicating MMP-9 as a potential target for reversing sensory processing deficits in FXS. Together these data establish ERP habituation as a translation relevant, physiological pre-clinical marker of auditory processing deficits in FXS and suggest that abnormal MMP-9 regulation is a mechanism underlying auditory hypersensitivity in FXS."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Acoustic Stimulation",
"Adaptation, Physiological",
"Animals",
"Auditory Cortex",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory",
"Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein",
"Fragile X Syndrome",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the leading known genetic cause of autism spectrum disorders. Individuals with FXS show symptoms of auditory hypersensitivity. These symptoms may arise due to sustained neural responses to repeated sounds, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. For the first time, this study shows deficits in habituation of neural responses to repeated sounds in the Fmr1 KO mice as seen in humans with FXS. We also report an abnormally high level of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in the auditory cortex of Fmr1 KO mice and that deletion of Mmp-9 from Fmr1 KO mice reverses habituation deficits. These data provide a translation relevant electrophysiological biomarker for sensory deficits in FXS and implicate MMP-9 as a target for drug discovery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion rescue auditory evoked potential habituation deficit in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sensory processing deficits are common in autism spectrum disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism. Electrophysiological responses in humans with FXS show reduced habituation with sound repetition and this deficit may underlie auditory hypersensitivity in FXS. Our previous study in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice revealed an unusually long state of increased sound-driven excitability in auditory cortical neurons suggesting that cortical responses to repeated sounds may exhibit abnormal habituation as in humans with FXS. Here, we tested this prediction by comparing cortical event related potentials (ERP) recorded from wildtype (WT) and Fmr1 KO mice. We report a repetition-rate dependent reduction in habituation of N1 amplitude in Fmr1 KO mice and show that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), one of the known FMRP targets, contributes to the reduced ERP habituation. Our studies demonstrate a significant up-regulation of MMP-9 levels in the auditory cortex of adult Fmr1 KO mice, whereas a genetic deletion of Mmp-9 reverses ERP habituation deficits in Fmr1 KO mice. Although the N1 amplitude of Mmp-9/Fmr1 DKO recordings was larger than WT and KO recordings, the habituation of ERPs in Mmp-9/Fmr1 DKO mice is similar to WT mice implicating MMP-9 as a potential target for reversing sensory processing deficits in FXS. Together these data establish ERP habituation as a translation relevant, physiological pre-clinical marker of auditory processing deficits in FXS and suggest that abnormal MMP-9 regulation is a mechanism underlying auditory hypersensitivity in FXS.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein', 'Fragile X Syndrome', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,849,118 | Is conservative strategy in infantile fibrosarcoma possible : The European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group experience? | {
"contexts": [
"Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is a very rare disease occurring in young infants characterised by a high local aggressiveness but overall with a favourable survival. To try to reduce the total burden of therapy, the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group has developed conservative therapeutic recommendations according to initial resectability.",
"Between 2005 and 2012, children with localised IFS were prospectively registered. Initial surgery was suggested only if possible without mutilation. Patients with initial complete (IRS-group I/R0) or microscopic incomplete (group II/R1) resection had no further therapy. Patients with initial inoperable tumour (group III/R2) received first-line vincristine-actinomycin-D chemotherapy (VA). Delayed conservative surgery was planned after tumour reduction. Aggressive local therapy (mutilating surgery or external radiotherapy) was discouraged.",
"A total of 50 infants (median age 1.4 months), were included in the study. ETV6-NTRK3 transcript was present in 87.2% of patients where investigation was performed. According to initial surgery, 11 patients were classified as group I, 8 as group II and 31 as group III. VA chemotherapy was first delivered to 25 children with IRS-III/R2 and one with IRS-II/R1 disease. Response rate to VA was 68.0%. Mutilating surgery was only performed in three cases. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years (range 1.9-9.0), 3-year event-free survival and overall survival were respectively 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 70.5-91.7) and 94.0% (95% CI 82.5-98.0)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Cost of Illness",
"Dactinomycin",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Fibrosarcoma",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reoperation",
"Soft Tissue Neoplasms",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Vincristine",
"Watchful Waiting"
]
} | Conservative therapy is possible in IFS as only three children required mutilating surgery, and alkylating or anthracycline based chemotherapy was avoided in 71.0% of patients needing chemotherapy. VA regimen should be first line therapy in order to reduce long term effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is conservative strategy in infantile fibrosarcoma possible : The European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group experience?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is a very rare disease occurring in young infants characterised by a high local aggressiveness but overall with a favourable survival. To try to reduce the total burden of therapy, the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group has developed conservative therapeutic recommendations according to initial resectability.', 'Between 2005 and 2012, children with localised IFS were prospectively registered. Initial surgery was suggested only if possible without mutilation. Patients with initial complete (IRS-group I/R0) or microscopic incomplete (group II/R1) resection had no further therapy. Patients with initial inoperable tumour (group III/R2) received first-line vincristine-actinomycin-D chemotherapy (VA). Delayed conservative surgery was planned after tumour reduction. Aggressive local therapy (mutilating surgery or external radiotherapy) was discouraged.', 'A total of 50 infants (median age 1.4 months), were included in the study. ETV6-NTRK3 transcript was present in 87.2% of patients where investigation was performed. According to initial surgery, 11 patients were classified as group I, 8 as group II and 31 as group III. VA chemotherapy was first delivered to 25 children with IRS-III/R2 and one with IRS-II/R1 disease. Response rate to VA was 68.0%. Mutilating surgery was only performed in three cases. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years (range 1.9-9.0), 3-year event-free survival and overall survival were respectively 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 70.5-91.7) and 94.0% (95% CI 82.5-98.0).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cost of Illness', 'Dactinomycin', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reoperation', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vincristine', 'Watchful Waiting']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,861,901 | Do peripheral plasma vitamin D and non-HDL cholesterol reflect the severity of cerebral cavernous malformation disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To correlate cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) disease aggressiveness with peripheral blood biomarkers hypothesized mechanistically.",
"A prospective case-control study enrolled 43 CCM patients, where 25-(OH) vitamin D, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, CRP plasma levels and leukocyte ROCK activity were correlated with parameters of disease aggressiveness reflecting chronic and acute domains.",
"Patients with one or more features of chronically aggressive disease (early age at symptom onset, two or more symptomatic bleeds, high lesion burden) had significantly lower 25-(OH) vitamin D and non-HDL cholesterol levels in comparison to patients without these features."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Chronic Disease",
"Demography",
"Female",
"Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System",
"Humans",
"Leukocytes",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Vitamin D",
"rho-Associated Kinases"
]
} | Validation of these biomarkers and their potential treatment modulation may influence the clinical care of patients with CCM disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do peripheral plasma vitamin D and non-HDL cholesterol reflect the severity of cerebral cavernous malformation disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To correlate cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) disease aggressiveness with peripheral blood biomarkers hypothesized mechanistically.', 'A prospective case-control study enrolled 43 CCM patients, where 25-(OH) vitamin D, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, CRP plasma levels and leukocyte ROCK activity were correlated with parameters of disease aggressiveness reflecting chronic and acute domains.', 'Patients with one or more features of chronically aggressive disease (early age at symptom onset, two or more symptomatic bleeds, high lesion burden) had significantly lower 25-(OH) vitamin D and non-HDL cholesterol levels in comparison to patients without these features.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Chronic Disease', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vitamin D', 'rho-Associated Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,513 | Do asymptomatic elite young tennis players show lateral and ventral growth plate alterations of proximal humerus on MRI? | {
"contexts": [
"The specific aim of the study was to investigate and compare epiphyseal length and extension in the proximal humerus, closure in the growth plate and bone marrow signal intensity related to the proximal humeral physis in the dominant arm and the non-dominant arm of the asymptomatic adolescent elite tennis player.",
"The study sample included 35 asymptomatic elite young tennis players (15 males and 20 females, mean age 17.4 years ± 2.7). Each player contributed with two shoulders to the MRI measurement. The non-dominant arm was used as a control.",
"Relative reliability between the radiologists was excellent (ICC 0.78-0.96). Statistically significant differences between dominant arm and non-dominant arm in epiphyseal length (mm) laterally (DA 27.3 vs NDA 26.7) were shown. Statistically significant differences were also found in epiphyseal extension (mm) laterally (DA 36.1 vs NDA 35.1) and ventrally (DA 36.2 vs NDA 34.8). No statistically significant differences were found between dominant arm and non-dominant arm in epiphyseal extension (mm) medially (DA 31.7 vs NDA 31.7) and dorsally (DA 22.6 vs NDA 22.1)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Bone Plates",
"Female",
"Growth Plate",
"Humans",
"Humerus",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Shoulder",
"Tennis",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Significant findings assessing MRI measurements of the epiphyseal plate in the asymptomatic adolescent elite tennis player might reflect a development of consecutive alterations in the epiphyseal plate in the dominant arm. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do asymptomatic elite young tennis players show lateral and ventral growth plate alterations of proximal humerus on MRI?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The specific aim of the study was to investigate and compare epiphyseal length and extension in the proximal humerus, closure in the growth plate and bone marrow signal intensity related to the proximal humeral physis in the dominant arm and the non-dominant arm of the asymptomatic adolescent elite tennis player.', 'The study sample included 35 asymptomatic elite young tennis players (15 males and 20 females, mean age 17.4\\xa0years\\xa0±\\xa02.7). Each player contributed with two shoulders to the MRI measurement. The non-dominant arm was used as a control.', 'Relative reliability between the radiologists was excellent (ICC 0.78-0.96). Statistically significant differences between dominant arm and non-dominant arm in epiphyseal length (mm) laterally (DA 27.3 vs NDA 26.7) were shown. Statistically significant differences were also found in epiphyseal extension (mm) laterally (DA 36.1 vs NDA 35.1) and ventrally (DA 36.2 vs NDA 34.8). No statistically significant differences were found between dominant arm and non-dominant arm in epiphyseal extension (mm) medially (DA 31.7 vs NDA 31.7) and dorsally (DA 22.6 vs NDA 22.1).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Bone Plates', 'Female', 'Growth Plate', 'Humans', 'Humerus', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Shoulder', 'Tennis', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,854,258 | Is resistance to thrombomodulin associated with de novo portal vein thrombosis and low survival in patients with cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is frequently observed in cirrhosis and may be a clinically important complication. In vitro assays for endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) demonstrated that in cirrhosis plasma has intrinsic resistance to the anticoagulant action of thrombomodulin (TM-R). This study retrospectively explores the association of TM-R with de novo PVT and its clinical impact on cirrhosis.",
"Fifty-three patients with cirrhosis were tested for ETP-ratio with/without thrombomodulin. Clinical, endoscopic variables, presence/absence of PVT by Doppler-US and/or CT examination were collected at baseline and up to 4 years from baseline. The de novo PVT was the primary clinical end-point. Portal hypertension (PHT)-related complications and transplantation free survival were secondary end-points. ETP-ratio higher than the 95° percentile of the distribution in 173 healthy controls defined TM-R.",
"During 48 months of follow-up, 11 patients developed de novo PVT, with preference for the 36 patients with TM-R after adjusting for Child-Pugh class (HR: 8.354; 90%CI:1.475 - 47.305; P = 0.009). Seventeen patients experienced PHT-related complications, 23 either died or underwent liver transplantation. PHT complications and transplantation free survival were associated with TM-R, but were independently predicted by Child-Pugh class, only. Same results were obtained by considering the MELD score."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Coagulation Tests",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Drug Resistance",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Portal",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Portal Vein",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis",
"Thrombin",
"Thrombomodulin",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color",
"Venous Thrombosis"
]
} | Owing to PVT results from the pro-coagulant imbalance occurring in patients with advanced cirrhosis, TM-R might serve as a predictor and could possibly be a biological mediator of adverse outcome in patients with advanced cirrhosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is resistance to thrombomodulin associated with de novo portal vein thrombosis and low survival in patients with cirrhosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is frequently observed in cirrhosis and may be a clinically important complication. In vitro assays for endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) demonstrated that in cirrhosis plasma has intrinsic resistance to the anticoagulant action of thrombomodulin (TM-R). This study retrospectively explores the association of TM-R with de novo PVT and its clinical impact on cirrhosis.', 'Fifty-three patients with cirrhosis were tested for ETP-ratio with/without thrombomodulin. Clinical, endoscopic variables, presence/absence of PVT by Doppler-US and/or CT examination were collected at baseline and up to 4 years from baseline. The de novo PVT was the primary clinical end-point. Portal hypertension (PHT)-related complications and transplantation free survival were secondary end-points. ETP-ratio higher than the 95° percentile of the distribution in 173 healthy controls defined TM-R.', 'During 48 months of follow-up, 11 patients developed de novo PVT, with preference for the 36 patients with TM-R after adjusting for Child-Pugh class (HR: 8.354; 90%CI:1.475 - 47.305; P = 0.009). Seventeen patients experienced PHT-related complications, 23 either died or underwent liver transplantation. PHT complications and transplantation free survival were associated with TM-R, but were independently predicted by Child-Pugh class, only. Same results were obtained by considering the MELD score.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Portal Vein', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thrombin', 'Thrombomodulin', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Venous Thrombosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,854,259 | Are thirty percent of abstracts presented at dental conferences published in full : a systematic review? | {
"contexts": [
"To review the publication fate of abstracts presented at dental conferences and investigate the association between full publication proportion (FPP) and abstract characteristics, conference characteristics, and methodological quality of primary studies.",
"PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 2014 for studies that reported at least one FPP of abstracts presented at dental conferences, with a follow-up length of no less than 48 months.",
"Sixteen studies involving 10,365 abstracts presented at 52 conferences were included. The pooled FPP was 29.62% (95% confidence interval: 22.90%, 36.81%) for all presented abstracts and 51.97% (95% confidence interval: 43.19%, 60.70%) for randomized controlled trial abstracts. Abstract characteristics significantly associated with higher FPP included reporting of statistical analysis (P < 0.001), oral presentation (P < 0.001), basic science research (P = 0.047), and reporting of financial support (P = 0.009). Abstracts with positive (P = 0.29) or statistically significant results (P = 0.33) were not published more often than negative or nonsignificant results, respectively. In multivariable meta-regression analysis, conferences held in Asia (P < 0.001) and at a continental rather than national level (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher FPP."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Less than one-third of abstracts presented at dental conferences were published in full more than 4 years after conference presentation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are thirty percent of abstracts presented at dental conferences published in full : a systematic review?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To review the publication fate of abstracts presented at dental conferences and investigate the association between full publication proportion (FPP) and abstract characteristics, conference characteristics, and methodological quality of primary studies.', 'PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 2014 for studies that reported at least one FPP of abstracts presented at dental conferences, with a follow-up length of no less than 48\\xa0months.', 'Sixteen studies involving 10,365 abstracts presented at 52 conferences were included. The pooled FPP was 29.62% (95% confidence interval: 22.90%, 36.81%) for all presented abstracts and 51.97% (95% confidence interval: 43.19%, 60.70%) for randomized controlled trial abstracts. Abstract characteristics significantly associated with higher FPP included reporting of statistical analysis (P\\xa0<\\xa00.001), oral presentation (P\\xa0<\\xa00.001), basic science research (P\\xa0=\\xa00.047), and reporting of financial support (P\\xa0=\\xa00.009). Abstracts with positive (P\\xa0=\\xa00.29) or statistically significant results (P\\xa0=\\xa00.33) were not published more often than negative or nonsignificant results, respectively. In multivariable meta-regression analysis, conferences held in Asia (P\\xa0<\\xa00.001) and at a continental rather than national level (P\\xa0<\\xa00.001) were significantly associated with higher FPP.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,874,031 | Do endothelin ETA receptors predominate in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelin-1 levels are raised in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Our aim in this study was to identify the presence of endothelin receptors in patients with CTEPH by analysing tissue removed at pulmonary endarterectomy.",
"Pulmonary endarterectomy tissue cross-sections were analysed using autoradiography with [(125)I]-ET-1 using ligands selective for ETA or ETB to determine sub-type distribution. The precise cellular localisation of ETA and ETB receptors was determined using selective antisera to both sub-types and compared with haematoxylin and eosin, Elastic Van Gieson and smooth muscle actin labelled sections.",
"Two patterns of ET-1 binding were found. In sections with frequent recanalised channels, ET-1 bound to the smooth muscle cells surrounding the channels. In sections where there was less organised thrombus with no obvious re-canalisation, minimal ET-1 binding was observed. Some contractile type smooth muscle cells not associated with recanalised channels and diffusely spread throughout the PEA material were associated with ET receptor antibody binding on immunohistochemistry. There was a greater expression of the ETA receptor type in the specimens."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Autoradiography",
"Chronic Disease",
"Endothelin Receptor Antagonists",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Pulmonary",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Protein Binding",
"Receptor, Endothelin A",
"Thromboembolism"
]
} | The presence of ET-1 receptors in the chronic thrombus in proximal CTEPH suggests ET-1 could act not only on the distal vasculopathy in the unobstructed vessels but may also stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation within chronic clot. The abundance of ET receptors within the tissue provides evidence that the ET pathway is involved in the pathology of chronic thrombus reorganisation leading to CTEPH providing a rationale for the repurposing of ET receptor antagonists in the treatment of this condition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endothelin ETA receptors predominate in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endothelin-1 levels are raised in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Our aim in this study was to identify the presence of endothelin receptors in patients with CTEPH by analysing tissue removed at pulmonary endarterectomy.', 'Pulmonary endarterectomy tissue cross-sections were analysed using autoradiography with [(125)I]-ET-1 using ligands selective for ETA or ETB to determine sub-type distribution. The precise cellular localisation of ETA and ETB receptors was determined using selective antisera to both sub-types and compared with haematoxylin and eosin, Elastic Van Gieson and smooth muscle actin labelled sections.', 'Two patterns of ET-1 binding were found. In sections with frequent recanalised channels, ET-1 bound to the smooth muscle cells surrounding the channels. In sections where there was less organised thrombus with no obvious re-canalisation, minimal ET-1 binding was observed. Some contractile type smooth muscle cells not associated with recanalised channels and diffusely spread throughout the PEA material were associated with ET receptor antibody binding on immunohistochemistry. There was a greater expression of the ETA receptor type in the specimens.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Autoradiography', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endothelin Receptor Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptor, Endothelin A', 'Thromboembolism']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,851,700 | Does intracoronary injection of tirofiban prevent microcirculation dysfunction during delayed percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether tirofiban can prevent microcirculation dysfunction during delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of spontaneously recanalized and severe narrowing coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction.",
"62 patients who have a single angiographically confirmed narrowing culprit coronary artery for more than 75% between 7 and 14 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into the tirofiban group (32 cases) and the placebo group (30 cases). All the patients received measurement of the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) before tirofiban/placebo administration and PCI. After PCI, IMR value was measured again.",
"There was no significant variation between the two groups before PCI (11.67 ± 6.45 of placebo group vs. 14.65 ± 12.45 of tirofiban group, P=0.158). After PCI, the IMR value of the tirofiban group is significantly lower than that of the placebo group (23.63 ± 9.91 of placebo group vs. 16.75 ± 9.98 of tirofiban group, P=0.008)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Female",
"Fibrinolytic Agents",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intra-Arterial",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Percutaneous Coronary Intervention",
"Prospective Studies",
"Tirofiban",
"Tyrosine"
]
} | Intracoronary injection of tirofiban can significantly prevent the abnormal increase of IMR value during delayed PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intracoronary injection of tirofiban prevent microcirculation dysfunction during delayed percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether tirofiban can prevent microcirculation dysfunction during delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of spontaneously recanalized and severe narrowing coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction.', '62 patients who have a single angiographically confirmed narrowing culprit coronary artery for more than 75% between 7 and 14 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into the tirofiban group (32 cases) and the placebo group (30 cases). All the patients received measurement of the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) before tirofiban/placebo administration and PCI. After PCI, IMR value was measured again.', 'There was no significant variation between the two groups before PCI (11.67 ± 6.45 of placebo group vs. 14.65 ± 12.45 of tirofiban group, P=0.158). After PCI, the IMR value of the tirofiban group is significantly lower than that of the placebo group (23.63 ± 9.91 of placebo group vs. 16.75 ± 9.98 of tirofiban group, P=0.008).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intra-Arterial', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tirofiban', 'Tyrosine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,863,121 | Is early Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Associated with Increased Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Spinal Cord Injury Patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Early trauma-induced coagulopathy may increase susceptibility to nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, the relationship between trauma- induced coagulopathy and the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in spinal cord injury patients has not been evaluated.",
"We conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 300 spinal cord injury patients admitted to Level 1 trauma center. Standard coagulation studies were evaluated upon arrival, prior to fluid resuscitative efforts, and at 24 h after admission. Based on these studies, three groups of patients were identified: no coagulopathy, latent coagulopathy, and admission coagulopathy. Ventilator- associated pneumonia was identified utilizing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Since we used the data in the trauma registry and did not have the information on FiO2 and PEEP, we elected to use the VAP terminology and not the VAE sequence. Demographic, injury, and clinical characteristics were compared among no coagulopathy, latent coagulopathy, and admission coagulopathy groups using chi-square test and ANOVA for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between coagulopathy and both ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality.",
"The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 54.5% (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.76-9.15) in spinal cord injury patients with admission coagulopathy, compared with the 17.5% in spinal cord injury patients with no coagulopathy. Mortality was significantly higher in spinal cord injury patients with admission coagulopathy than in spinal cord injury patients with no coagulopathy (OR 6.14, 95% CI 1.73-21.73).After adjusting for age, race, injury mechanism, Injury Severity Score, base deficit at admission, the number of pRBC units transfused in the first 24 h, and hospital stay, only the association of ventilator-associated pneumonia among those with admission coagulopathy remained significant (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.48-8.32). Compared with those with no coagulopathy, patients with admission coagulopathy had a higher odds of death (4.10, 95% CI 1.53-11.02), though this association lost significance after adjustment (OR 3.56, 95% CI 0.90-14.12). There was no statistical difference in mortality for latent coagulopathy compared with no coagulopathy patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Coagulation Disorders",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Spinal Cord Injuries",
"Trauma Centers",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Coagulopathy on admission in patients with spinal cord injury is associated with a statistically significant increase in ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence. Additional research is warranted to further characterize this association. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is early Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Associated with Increased Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Spinal Cord Injury Patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Early trauma-induced coagulopathy may increase susceptibility to nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, the relationship between trauma- induced coagulopathy and the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in spinal cord injury patients has not been evaluated.', 'We conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 300 spinal cord injury patients admitted to Level 1 trauma center. Standard coagulation studies were evaluated upon arrival, prior to fluid resuscitative efforts, and at 24 \\u200ah after admission. Based on these studies, three groups of patients were identified: no coagulopathy, latent coagulopathy, and admission coagulopathy. Ventilator- associated pneumonia was identified utilizing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Since we used the data in the trauma registry and did not have the information on FiO2 and PEEP, we elected to use the VAP terminology and not the VAE sequence. Demographic, injury, and clinical characteristics were compared among no coagulopathy, latent coagulopathy, and admission coagulopathy groups using chi-square test and ANOVA for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between coagulopathy and both ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality.', 'The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 54.5% (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.76-9.15) in spinal cord injury patients with admission coagulopathy, compared with the 17.5% in spinal cord injury patients with no coagulopathy. Mortality was significantly higher in spinal cord injury patients with admission coagulopathy than in spinal cord injury patients with no coagulopathy (OR 6.14, 95% CI 1.73-21.73).After adjusting for age, race, injury mechanism, Injury Severity Score, base deficit at admission, the number of pRBC units transfused in the first 24\\u200a h, and hospital stay, only the association of ventilator-associated pneumonia among those with admission coagulopathy remained significant (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.48-8.32). Compared with those with no coagulopathy, patients with admission coagulopathy had a higher odds of death (4.10, 95% CI 1.53-11.02), though this association lost significance after adjustment (OR 3.56, 95% CI 0.90-14.12). There was no statistical difference in mortality for latent coagulopathy compared with no coagulopathy patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Coagulation Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Trauma Centers', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,875,070 | Does molecular Staging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes identify Melanoma Patients at Increased Risk of Nodal Recurrence? | {
"contexts": [
"Molecular staging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) may identify patients who are node-negative by standard microscopic staging but are at increased risk for regional nodal recurrence; such patients may benefit from completion lymph node dissection (CLND).",
"In a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, patients with tumor-negative SLNs by standard pathology (hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] serial sections and immunohistochemistry [IHC]) underwent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of SLNs for melanoma-specific mRNA. Microscopically negative/PCR+ patients were randomized to observation, CLND, or CLND with high-dose interferon (HDI). For this post-hoc analysis, clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), were compared between PCR+ patients who underwent CLND vs observation. Microscopic and molecular node-negative (PCR-) patients were included for comparison.",
"A total of 556 patients were PCR+: 180 underwent observation, and 376 underwent CLND. An additional 908 PCR- patients were observed. Median follow-up was 72 months. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly better for PCR+ patients who underwent CLND compared with observation (p = 0.0218). No statistically significant differences in OS or distant disease-free survival (DDFS) were seen. Regional lymph node recurrence-free survival (LNRFS) was improved in PCR+ patients with CLND compared to observation (p = 0.0065). The PCR+ patients in the observation group had the worst DFS; those with CLND had similar DFS to that in the PCR- group (p = 0.9044)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interferons",
"MART-1 Antigen",
"Male",
"Melanoma",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Diagnostic Techniques",
"Monophenol Monooxygenase",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy",
"Skin Neoplasms",
"Watchful Waiting",
"gp100 Melanoma Antigen"
]
} | Patients with microscopically negative/PCR+ SLN have an increased risk of nodal recurrence that was mitigated by CLND. Although CLND did not affect OS, these data suggest that molecular detection of melanoma-specific mRNA in the SLN predicts a greater risk of nodal recurrence and deserves further study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does molecular Staging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes identify Melanoma Patients at Increased Risk of Nodal Recurrence?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Molecular staging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) may identify patients who are node-negative by standard microscopic staging but are at increased risk for regional nodal recurrence; such patients may benefit from completion lymph node dissection (CLND).', 'In a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, patients with tumor-negative SLNs by standard pathology (hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] serial sections and immunohistochemistry [IHC]) underwent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of SLNs for melanoma-specific mRNA. Microscopically negative/PCR+ patients were randomized to observation, CLND, or CLND with high-dose interferon (HDI). For this post-hoc analysis, clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), were compared between PCR+ patients who underwent CLND vs observation. Microscopic and molecular node-negative (PCR-) patients were included for comparison.', 'A total of 556 patients were PCR+: 180 underwent observation, and 376 underwent CLND. An additional 908 PCR- patients were observed. Median follow-up was 72 months. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly better for PCR+ patients who underwent CLND compared with observation (p\\xa0= 0.0218). No statistically significant differences in OS or distant disease-free survival (DDFS) were seen. Regional lymph node recurrence-free survival (LNRFS) was improved in PCR+ patients with CLND compared to observation (p\\xa0=\\xa00.0065). The PCR+ patients in the observation group had the worst DFS; those with CLND had similar DFS to that in the PCR- group (p\\xa0= 0.9044).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'MART-1 Antigen', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Diagnostic Techniques', 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Watchful Waiting', 'gp100 Melanoma Antigen']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,868,926 | Does interferon-γ enhance the efficacy of autogenous bone grafts by inhibiting postoperative bone resorption in rat calvarial defects? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferon (IFN)-γ is a major cytokine produced by immune cells that plays diverse roles in modulating both the immune system and bone metabolism, but its role in autogenous bone grafting remains unknown. Here, we present that local IFN-γ administration improved the efficacy of autogenous bone graft treatment in an experimental rat model.",
"An autogenous bone graft model was prepared with critically sized rat calvariae defects. Four weeks (w) after bone graft implantation, rats were treated locally with IFN-γ or were not treated. The effect of IFN-γ on bone formation was evaluated for up to 8w with micro-computed tomography, quantitative histomorphometry, and Von Kossa staining. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Immunohistochemistry staining or quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to estimate the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a well-known stimulant of osteoclastogenesis and an inhibitor of osteoblast activity, in defects.",
"Newly formed bone gradually replaced the autogenous bone grafts within 4w, although severe bone resorption with osteoclastogenesis and TNF-α expression occurred after 6w in the absence of IFN-γ administration. IFN-γ administration markedly attenuated bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and TNF-α expression, while it enhanced bone formation at 8w."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone Resorption",
"Bone Transplantation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Male",
"Models, Animal",
"Osteogenesis",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Skull",
"Time Factors",
"Transplantation, Autologous",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Local IFN-γ administration promoted bone formation in autogenous bone grafts possibly via regulating osteoclastogenesis and TNF-α expression. The data provide insights into the potential roles of IFN-γ in autogenous bone grafting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interferon-γ enhance the efficacy of autogenous bone grafts by inhibiting postoperative bone resorption in rat calvarial defects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Interferon (IFN)-γ is a major cytokine produced by immune cells that plays diverse roles in modulating both the immune system and bone metabolism, but its role in autogenous bone grafting remains unknown. Here, we present that local IFN-γ administration improved the efficacy of autogenous bone graft treatment in an experimental rat model.', 'An autogenous bone graft model was prepared with critically sized rat calvariae defects. Four weeks (w) after bone graft implantation, rats were treated locally with IFN-γ or were not treated. The effect of IFN-γ on bone formation was evaluated for up to 8w with micro-computed tomography, quantitative histomorphometry, and Von Kossa staining. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Immunohistochemistry staining or quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to estimate the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a well-known stimulant of osteoclastogenesis and an inhibitor of osteoblast activity, in defects.', 'Newly formed bone gradually replaced the autogenous bone grafts within 4w, although severe bone resorption with osteoclastogenesis and TNF-α expression occurred after 6w in the absence of IFN-γ administration. IFN-γ administration markedly attenuated bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and TNF-α expression, while it enhanced bone formation at 8w.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone Resorption', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Osteogenesis', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Skull', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,855,770 | Is a novel mutation in CELSR1 associated with hereditary lymphedema? | {
"contexts": [
"Biological evidence reported in the literature supports the role of CELSR1 as being essential for valvular function in murine lymphatics. Yet thus far, there have been no variants in CELSR1 associated with lymphatic dysfunction in humans.",
"In this report, a rare early inactivating mutation in CELSR1 is found to be causal for non-syndromic, lower extremity lymphedema in a family across three generations. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging shows that instead of being propelled within the lumen of well-defined lymphatic vessels, lymph moved in regions of both legs in an unusual fashion and within sheet-like structures."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": []
} | CELSRI may be responsible for primary, non-syndromic lymphedema in humans. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a novel mutation in CELSR1 associated with hereditary lymphedema?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Biological evidence reported in the literature supports the role of CELSR1 as being essential for valvular function in murine lymphatics. Yet thus far, there have been no variants in CELSR1 associated with lymphatic dysfunction in humans.', 'In this report, a rare early inactivating mutation in CELSR1 is found to be causal for non-syndromic, lower extremity lymphedema in a family across three generations. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging shows that instead of being propelled within the lumen of well-defined lymphatic vessels, lymph moved in regions of both legs in an unusual fashion and within sheet-like structures.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,855,771 | Does a biophysical model of supercoiling dependent transcription predict a structural aspect to gene regulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Transcription in Escherichia coli generates positive supercoiling in the DNA, which is relieved by the enzymatic activity of gyrase. Recently published experimental evidence suggests that transcription initiation and elongation are inhibited by the buildup of positive supercoiling. It has therefore been proposed that intermittent binding of gyrase plays a role in transcriptional bursting. Considering that transcription is one of the most fundamental cellular processes, it is desirable to be able to account for the buildup and release of positive supercoiling in models of transcription.",
"Here we present a detailed biophysical model of gene expression that incorporates the effects of supercoiling due to transcription. By directly linking the amount of positive supercoiling to the rate of transcription, the model predicts that highly transcribed genes' mRNA distributions should substantially deviate from Poisson distributions, with enhanced density at low mRNA copy numbers. Additionally, the model predicts a high degree of correlation between expression levels of genes inside the same supercoiling domain."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our model, incorporating the supercoiling state of the gene, makes specific predictions that differ from previous models of gene expression. Genes in the same supercoiling domain influence the expression level of neighboring genes. Such structurally dependent regulation predicts correlations between genes in the same supercoiling domain. The topology of the chromosome therefore creates a higher level of gene regulation, which has broad implications for understanding the evolution and organization of bacterial genomes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a biophysical model of supercoiling dependent transcription predict a structural aspect to gene regulation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Transcription in Escherichia coli generates positive supercoiling in the DNA, which is relieved by the enzymatic activity of gyrase. Recently published experimental evidence suggests that transcription initiation and elongation are inhibited by the buildup of positive supercoiling. It has therefore been proposed that intermittent binding of gyrase plays a role in transcriptional bursting. Considering that transcription is one of the most fundamental cellular processes, it is desirable to be able to account for the buildup and release of positive supercoiling in models of transcription.', \"Here we present a detailed biophysical model of gene expression that incorporates the effects of supercoiling due to transcription. By directly linking the amount of positive supercoiling to the rate of transcription, the model predicts that highly transcribed genes' mRNA distributions should substantially deviate from Poisson distributions, with enhanced density at low mRNA copy numbers. Additionally, the model predicts a high degree of correlation between expression levels of genes inside the same supercoiling domain.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,867,523 | Does epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 inhibit mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelium? | {
"contexts": [
"Mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration are important characteristics of airway inflammation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation induces mucus and inflammatory cytokine secretion from airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the roles of EGFR in airway inflammation, the in vitro effects on mucin production and interleukin (IL) 8 secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and the in vivo effects on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal mucosa of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 were examined.",
"The in vitro effects of AG1478 treatment of cultured NCI-H292 cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induced MUC5AC mucin and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells, mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium were induced by intranasal instillation of LPS in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of AG1478 by intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation were examined.",
"AG1478 (1-1000 nM) significantly inhibited both LPS-induced and TNF-α-induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from cultured NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MUC5AC and IL-8 messenger RNAs was also significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of AG1478 one hour after intranasal LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium, as did intraperitoneal injection of AG1478 one hour before LPS instillation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-8",
"Male",
"Mucin 5AC",
"Mucus",
"Neutrophils",
"Pneumonia",
"Quinazolines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Respiratory Mucosa",
"Tyrphostins"
]
} | These results indicated that EGFR transactivation plays an important role in mucin and IL-8 secretion from airway epithelial cells. Intranasal instillation of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of upper airway inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 inhibit mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelium?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration are important characteristics of airway inflammation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation induces mucus and inflammatory cytokine secretion from airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the roles of EGFR in airway inflammation, the in vitro effects on mucin production and interleukin (IL) 8 secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and the in vivo effects on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal mucosa of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 were examined.', 'The in vitro effects of AG1478 treatment of cultured NCI-H292 cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induced MUC5AC mucin and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells, mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium were induced by intranasal instillation of LPS in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of AG1478 by intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation were examined.', 'AG1478 (1-1000 nM) significantly inhibited both LPS-induced and TNF-α-induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from cultured NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MUC5AC and IL-8 messenger RNAs was also significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of AG1478 one hour after intranasal LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium, as did intraperitoneal injection of AG1478 one hour before LPS instillation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Mucin 5AC', 'Mucus', 'Neutrophils', 'Pneumonia', 'Quinazolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Tyrphostins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,870,786 | Does whole Genome Analysis of Injectional Anthrax identify Two Disease Clusters Spanning More Than 13 Years? | {
"contexts": [
"Anthrax is a rare disease in humans but elicits great public fear because of its past use as an agent of bioterrorism. Injectional anthrax has been occurring sporadically for more than ten years in heroin consumers across multiple European countries and this outbreak has been difficult to trace back to a source.",
"We took a molecular epidemiological approach in understanding this disease outbreak, including whole genome sequencing of Bacillus anthracis isolates from the anthrax victims. We also screened two large strain repositories for closely related strains to provide context to the outbreak.",
"Analyzing 60 Bacillus anthracis isolates associated with injectional anthrax cases and closely related reference strains, we identified 1071 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The synapomorphic SNPs (350) were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, infer likely epidemiological sources and explore the dynamics of evolving pathogen populations. Injectional anthrax genomes separated into two tight clusters: one group was exclusively associated with the 2009-10 outbreak and located primarily in Scotland, whereas the second comprised more recent (2012-13) cases but also a single Norwegian case from 2000."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anthrax",
"Bacillus anthracis",
"Cluster Analysis",
"Disease Outbreaks",
"Drug Users",
"Genome, Bacterial",
"Genomics",
"Humans",
"Molecular Epidemiology",
"Phylogeny",
"Phylogeography",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Spatio-Temporal Analysis"
]
} | Genome-based differentiation of injectional anthrax isolates argues for at least two separate disease events spanning > 12 years. The genomic similarity of the two clusters makes it likely that they are caused by separate contamination events originating from the same geographic region and perhaps the same site of drug manufacturing or processing. Pathogen diversity within single patients challenges assumptions concerning population dynamics of infecting B. anthracis and host defensive barriers for injectional anthrax. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does whole Genome Analysis of Injectional Anthrax identify Two Disease Clusters Spanning More Than 13 Years?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Anthrax is a rare disease in humans but elicits great public fear because of its past use as an agent of bioterrorism. Injectional anthrax has been occurring sporadically for more than ten years in heroin consumers across multiple European countries and this outbreak has been difficult to trace back to a source.', 'We took a molecular epidemiological approach in understanding this disease outbreak, including whole genome sequencing of Bacillus anthracis isolates from the anthrax victims. We also screened two large strain repositories for closely related strains to provide context to the outbreak.', 'Analyzing 60 Bacillus anthracis isolates associated with injectional anthrax cases and closely related reference strains, we identified 1071 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The synapomorphic SNPs (350) were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, infer likely epidemiological sources and explore the dynamics of evolving pathogen populations. Injectional anthrax genomes separated into two tight clusters: one group was exclusively associated with the 2009-10 outbreak and located primarily in Scotland, whereas the second comprised more recent (2012-13) cases but also a single Norwegian case from 2000.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anthrax', 'Bacillus anthracis', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Drug Users', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Phylogeny', 'Phylogeography', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Spatio-Temporal Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,870,789 | Is tuberculous Pericarditis Multibacillary and Bacterial Burden Drives High Mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculous pericarditis is considered to be a paucibacillary process; the large pericardial fluid accumulation is attributed to an inflammatory response to tuberculoproteins. Mortality rates are high. We investigated the role of clinical and microbial factors predictive of tuberculous pericarditis mortality using the artificial intelligence algorithm termed classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.",
"Patients were prospectively enrolled and followed in the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis (IMPI) registry. Clinical and laboratory data of 70 patients with confirmed tuberculous pericarditis, including time-to-positive (TTP) cultures from pericardial fluid, were extracted and analyzed for mortality outcomes using CART. TTP was translated to log10 colony forming units (CFUs) per mL, and compared to that obtained from sputum in some of our patients.",
"Seventy patients with proven tuberculous pericarditis were enrolled. The median patient age was 35 (range: 20-71) years. The median, follow up was for 11.97 (range: 0·03-74.73) months. The median TTP for pericardial fluid cultures was 22 (range: 4-58) days or 3.91(range: 0·5-8·96) log10CFU/mL, which overlapped with the range of 3.24-7.42 log10CFU/mL encountered in sputum, a multi-bacillary disease. The overall mortality rate was 1.43 per 100 person-months. CART identified follow-up duration of 5·23 months on directly observed therapy, a CD4 + count of ≤ 199.5/mL, and TTP ≤ 14 days (bacillary load ≥ 5.53 log10 CFU/mL) as predictive of mortality. TTP interacted with follow-up duration in a non-linear fashion."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antitubercular Agents",
"Artificial Intelligence",
"Bacterial Load",
"CD4 Lymphocyte Count",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Pericardial Effusion",
"Pericarditis, Tuberculous",
"Registries",
"Sputum",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Patients with culture confirmed tuberculous pericarditis have a high bacillary burden, and this bacterial burden drives mortality. Thus proven tuberculosis pericarditis is not a paucibacillary disease. Moreover, the severe immunosuppression suggests limited inflammation. There is a need for the design of a highly bactericidal regimen for this condition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tuberculous Pericarditis Multibacillary and Bacterial Burden Drives High Mortality?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tuberculous pericarditis is considered to be a paucibacillary process; the large pericardial fluid accumulation is attributed to an inflammatory response to tuberculoproteins. Mortality rates are high. We investigated the role of clinical and microbial factors predictive of tuberculous pericarditis mortality using the artificial intelligence algorithm termed classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.', 'Patients were prospectively enrolled and followed in the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis (IMPI) registry. Clinical and laboratory data of 70 patients with confirmed tuberculous pericarditis, including time-to-positive (TTP) cultures from pericardial fluid, were extracted and analyzed for mortality outcomes using CART. TTP was translated to log10 colony forming units (CFUs) per mL, and compared to that obtained from sputum in some of our patients.', 'Seventy patients with proven tuberculous pericarditis were enrolled. The median patient age was 35 (range: 20-71) years. The median, follow up was for 11.97 (range: 0·03-74.73) months. The median TTP for pericardial fluid cultures was 22 (range: 4-58) days or 3.91(range: 0·5-8·96) log10CFU/mL, which overlapped with the range of 3.24-7.42 log10CFU/mL encountered in sputum, a multi-bacillary disease. The overall mortality rate was 1.43 per 100 person-months. CART identified follow-up duration of 5·23 months on directly observed therapy, a CD4 + count of ≤ 199.5/mL, and TTP ≤ 14 days (bacillary load ≥ 5.53 log10 CFU/mL) as predictive of mortality. TTP interacted with follow-up duration in a non-linear fashion.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Bacterial Load', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Pericardial Effusion', 'Pericarditis, Tuberculous', 'Registries', 'Sputum', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,856,771 | Is cytologic atypia in the contralateral unaffected breast related to parity and estrogen-related genes? | {
"contexts": [
"The contralateral unaffected breast (CUB) of women with unilateral breast cancer provides a model for the study of breast tissue-based risk factors. Using random fine needle aspiration (rFNA), we have investigated hormonal and gene expression patterns related to atypia in the CUBs of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.",
"83 women underwent rFNA of the CUB. Cytologic analysis was performed using the Masood Score (MS), atypia was defined as MS > 14. RNA was extracted using 80% of the sample. The expression of 20 hormone related genes was quantified using Taqman Low Density Arrays. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-tailed t tests and linear regression.",
"Cytological atypia was more frequent in multiparous women (P = 0.0392), and was not associated with any tumor-related features in the affected breast. Masood Score was higher with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R = 0.204, P = 0.0417), higher number of births (R = 0.369, P = 0.0006), and estrogen receptor (ER) negativity of the index cancer (R = -0.203, P = 0.065). Individual cytologic features were associated with aspects of parity. Specifically, anisonucleosis was correlated with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R = 0.318, P = 0.0201), higher number of births (R = 0.382, P = 0.0004), and ER status (R = -0.314, P = 0.0038). Eight estrogen-regulated genes were increased in atypical samples (P < 0.005), including TFF1, AGT, PDZK1, PGR, GREB1, PRLR, CAMK2B, and CCND1."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Biopsy, Fine-Needle",
"Breast",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast",
"Carcinoma, Lobular",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Grading",
"Parity",
"Pregnancy",
"Prognosis",
"Receptors, Estrogen",
"Receptors, Progesterone",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | Cytologic atypia, and particularly anisonucleosis, is associated with recent and multiple births and ER negative status of the index tumor. Atypical samples showed increased expression of estrogen-related genes, consistent with the role of estrogen exposure in breast cancer development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cytologic atypia in the contralateral unaffected breast related to parity and estrogen-related genes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The contralateral unaffected breast (CUB) of women with unilateral breast cancer provides a model for the study of breast tissue-based risk factors. Using random fine needle aspiration (rFNA), we have investigated hormonal and gene expression patterns related to atypia in the CUBs of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.', '83 women underwent rFNA of the CUB. Cytologic analysis was performed using the Masood Score (MS), atypia was defined as MS\\xa0>\\xa014. RNA was extracted using 80% of the sample. The expression of 20 hormone related genes was quantified using Taqman Low Density Arrays. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-tailed t tests and linear regression.', 'Cytological atypia was more frequent in multiparous women (P\\xa0=\\xa00.0392), and was not associated with any tumor-related features in the affected breast. Masood Score was higher with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R\\xa0=\\xa00.204, P\\xa0=\\xa00.0417), higher number of births (R\\xa0=\\xa00.369, P\\xa0=\\xa00.0006), and estrogen receptor (ER) negativity of the index cancer (R\\xa0=\\xa0-0.203, P\\xa0=\\xa00.065). Individual cytologic features were associated with aspects of parity. Specifically, anisonucleosis was correlated with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R\\xa0=\\xa00.318, P\\xa0=\\xa00.0201), higher number of births (R\\xa0=\\xa00.382, P\\xa0=\\xa00.0004), and ER status (R\\xa0=\\xa0-0.314, P\\xa0=\\xa00.0038). Eight estrogen-regulated genes were increased in atypical samples (P\\xa0<\\xa00.005), including TFF1, AGT, PDZK1, PGR, GREB1, PRLR, CAMK2B, and CCND1.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,866,822 | Does ocular Fluid Analysis in Children reveal Interleukin-29/Interferon-λ1 as a Biomarker for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood uveitis is a vision-threatening inflammatory eye disease commonly attributed to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The pathogenesis is poorly understood, which makes clinical management challenging. We analyzed soluble mediators in ocular fluid (aqueous humor [AqH]) and serum from children with JIA-associated uveitis and common childhood uveitis to identify potential biomarkers and investigate the ocular microenvironment of this sight-threatening eye disease.",
"AqH (n = 73) and paired serum (n = 66) samples were analyzed for 51 soluble mediators of inflammation by multiplex immunoassay. Twenty-one children with JIA-associated uveitis were compared to 15 children with chronic anterior uveitis without arthritis, 29 children with noninfectious idiopathic uveitis, and 8 children with noninflammatory conditions (controls). For visualization of the joint effect of multiple mediators, we used the radial coordinate visualization (Radviz) method. Optimal biomarker level cutoffs were also determined.",
"The levels of interleukin-29 (IL-29)/interferon-λ1 (IFNλ1) were decreased (P < 0.001) and the levels of latency-associated peptide and osteoprotegerin were increased (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively) in samples of AqH, but not serum, from patients with JIA-associated uveitis. Multivariate analysis correcting for disease activity and treatment revealed that intraocular levels of IL-29/IFNλ1 were specifically decreased in patients with JIA-associated uveitis as compared to those with idiopathic uveitis. Indeed, JIA-associated uveitis patients and idiopathic uveitis patients showed distinct profiles of intraocular soluble mediators. IL-29/IFNλ1 showed a high area under the curve value (0.954), with 23.5 pg/ml as the optimal cutoff value."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aqueous Humor",
"Arthritis, Juvenile",
"Biomarkers",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukins",
"Male",
"Uveitis"
]
} | We identified IL-29/IFNλ1 as an intraocular biomarker for JIA-associated uveitis, which suggests that aberrant IFNλ signaling might be important in JIA-associated uveitis and distinct from other forms of childhood uveitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ocular Fluid Analysis in Children reveal Interleukin-29/Interferon-λ1 as a Biomarker for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Childhood uveitis is a vision-threatening inflammatory eye disease commonly attributed to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The pathogenesis is poorly understood, which makes clinical management challenging. We analyzed soluble mediators in ocular fluid (aqueous humor [AqH]) and serum from children with JIA-associated uveitis and common childhood uveitis to identify potential biomarkers and investigate the ocular microenvironment of this sight-threatening eye disease.', 'AqH (n\\u2009=\\u200973) and paired serum (n\\u2009=\\u200966) samples were analyzed for 51 soluble mediators of inflammation by multiplex immunoassay. Twenty-one children with JIA-associated uveitis were compared to 15 children with chronic anterior uveitis without arthritis, 29 children with noninfectious idiopathic uveitis, and 8 children with noninflammatory conditions (controls). For visualization of the joint effect of multiple mediators, we used the radial coordinate visualization (Radviz) method. Optimal biomarker level cutoffs were also determined.', 'The levels of interleukin-29 (IL-29)/interferon-λ1 (IFNλ1) were decreased (P\\u2009<\\u20090.001) and the levels of latency-associated peptide and osteoprotegerin were increased (P\\u2009=\\u20090.002 and P\\u2009=\\u20090.001, respectively) in samples of AqH, but not serum, from patients with JIA-associated uveitis. Multivariate analysis correcting for disease activity and treatment revealed that intraocular levels of IL-29/IFNλ1 were specifically decreased in patients with JIA-associated uveitis as compared to those with idiopathic uveitis. Indeed, JIA-associated uveitis patients and idiopathic uveitis patients showed distinct profiles of intraocular soluble mediators. IL-29/IFNλ1 showed a high area under the curve value (0.954), with 23.5 pg/ml as the optimal cutoff value.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aqueous Humor', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukins', 'Male', 'Uveitis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,873,309 | Do glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in long-term remission of Cushing 's syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms modulate glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity and are associated with altered metabolic profiles.",
"To evaluate the presence of GR polymorphisms (BclI (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190), and 9β (rs6198) and investigate their associations with metabolic alterations in patients in long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome (CS).",
"Cross-sectional case-control study.",
"Sixty patients in long-term remission of CS were genotyped. Associations between GR polymorphisms and multiple vascular, body composition and metabolic parameters were investigated.",
"Allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms and their associations with several cardiometabolic risk factors.",
"This study shows that carriers of the 9β polymorphism have a higher systolic blood pressure and lower resistin levels. The GC sensitizing BclI polymorphism is associated with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor profile: higher fat percentages of extremities and legs, higher serum leptin and E-selectin levels, and higher intima media thickness in carriers versus non-carriers."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiposity",
"Adult",
"Alleles",
"Blood Pressure",
"Carotid Intima-Media Thickness",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Cushing Syndrome",
"E-Selectin",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Association Studies",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Leptin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Receptors, Glucocorticoid",
"Resistin",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | The 9β and BclI polymorphisms of the GR adversely affect the cardiometabolic profile in patients who are in remission after the treatment of CS. This suggests that genetically altered GC sensitivity modulates the long-term adverse cardiometabolic effects resulting from (endogenous) hypercortisolism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in long-term remission of Cushing 's syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms modulate glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity and are associated with altered metabolic profiles.', \"To evaluate the presence of GR polymorphisms (BclI (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190), and 9β (rs6198) and investigate their associations with metabolic alterations in patients in long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome (CS).\", 'Cross-sectional case-control study.', 'Sixty patients in long-term remission of CS were genotyped. Associations between GR polymorphisms and multiple vascular, body composition and metabolic parameters were investigated.', 'Allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms and their associations with several cardiometabolic risk factors.', 'This study shows that carriers of the 9β polymorphism have a higher systolic blood pressure and lower resistin levels. The GC sensitizing BclI polymorphism is associated with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor profile: higher fat percentages of extremities and legs, higher serum leptin and E-selectin levels, and higher intima media thickness in carriers versus non-carriers.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiposity', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'E-Selectin', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Resistin', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,869,963 | Is `` Food Addiction '' in Patients with Eating Disorders Associated with Negative Urgency and Difficulties to Focus on Long-Term Goals? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study aimed to investigate if eating disorder patients differ in specific personality traits depending on a positive screening of food addiction (FA) and to find a model to predict FA in eating disorder patients using measures of personality and impulsivity.",
"Two hundred seventy eight patients, having an eating disorder, self-reported on FA, impulsivity, personality, eating and general psychopathology. Patients were then split into two groups, depending on a positive or negative result on the FA screening. Analysis of variance was used to compare means between the two groups. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model for the presence of FA.",
"Patients with FA had lower self-directedness, and more negative urgency and lack of perseverance than patients not reporting addictive eating. The probability of FA can be predicted by high negative urgency, high reward dependence, and low lack of premeditation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Eating disorder patients who have more problems to pursue tasks to the end and to focus on long-term goals seem to be more likely to develop addictive eating patterns. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is `` Food Addiction '' in Patients with Eating Disorders Associated with Negative Urgency and Difficulties to Focus on Long-Term Goals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study aimed to investigate if eating disorder patients differ in specific personality traits depending on a positive screening of food addiction (FA) and to find a model to predict FA in eating disorder patients using measures of personality and impulsivity.', 'Two hundred seventy eight patients, having an eating disorder, self-reported on FA, impulsivity, personality, eating and general psychopathology. Patients were then split into two groups, depending on a positive or negative result on the FA screening. Analysis of variance was used to compare means between the two groups. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model for the presence of FA.', 'Patients with FA had lower self-directedness, and more negative urgency and lack of perseverance than patients not reporting addictive eating. The probability of FA can be predicted by high negative urgency, high reward dependence, and low lack of premeditation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,851,533 | Does nicotine inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines of mice infected with coxsackievirus B3? | {
"contexts": [
"Although excessive sympathetic activation in viral myocarditis and the protective effects of sympathetic inhibition with β-blockers are clear, the effects of enhancing vagal tone on viral myocarditis remain unclear. In several models, vagus nerve activation with the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonists has been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammation. This study was therefore designed to examine the effects of cholinergic stimulation with α7-nAChR agonist nicotine in a murine model of acute viral myocarditis.",
"BALB/C mice were infected by an intraperitoneally injection with coxsackievirus B3. Nicotine and methyllycaconitine (an α7-nAChR antagonist) were administered at doses of 0.4mg/kg and 0.8mg/kg three times per day for 7 or 14 consecutive days, respectively. The effects of nicotine and methyllycaconitine on survival rate, myocardial histopathological changes, cardiac function, cytokine levels, viral RNA, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase contents were investigated.",
"Nicotine significantly increased survival rate of the infected mice, decreased myocardial inflammation, and improved the impairment of left ventricular function in murine coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis compared with methyllycaconitine. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine. Nicotine had no significant anti-oxidative and antiviral effects in coxsackievirus B3-infected mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Coxsackievirus Infections",
"Cytokines",
"Enterovirus",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Myocarditis",
"Nicotine",
"alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor"
]
} | The results indicate that cholinergic stimulation with nicotine significantly reduced the severity of viral myocarditis in mice. The findings suggest that alpha7 nAChR agonists may be a promising new strategy for patients with myocarditis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nicotine inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines of mice infected with coxsackievirus B3?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although excessive sympathetic activation in viral myocarditis and the protective effects of sympathetic inhibition with β-blockers are clear, the effects of enhancing vagal tone on viral myocarditis remain unclear. In several models, vagus nerve activation with the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonists has been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammation. This study was therefore designed to examine the effects of cholinergic stimulation with α7-nAChR agonist nicotine in a murine model of acute viral myocarditis.', 'BALB/C mice were infected by an intraperitoneally injection with coxsackievirus B3. Nicotine and methyllycaconitine (an α7-nAChR antagonist) were administered at doses of 0.4mg/kg and 0.8mg/kg three times per day for 7 or 14 consecutive days, respectively. The effects of nicotine and methyllycaconitine on survival rate, myocardial histopathological changes, cardiac function, cytokine levels, viral RNA, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase contents were investigated.', 'Nicotine significantly increased survival rate of the infected mice, decreased myocardial inflammation, and improved the impairment of left ventricular function in murine coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis compared with methyllycaconitine. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine. Nicotine had no significant anti-oxidative and antiviral effects in coxsackievirus B3-infected mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Coxsackievirus Infections', 'Cytokines', 'Enterovirus', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Myocarditis', 'Nicotine', 'alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,860,892 | Does ponatinib attenuate experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating Wnt signaling and vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1? | {
"contexts": [
"An abnormal ratio of vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1 may be involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).",
"To evaluate the pharmacological actions of Ponatinib (AP) in experimental model of PAH, the effects of AP on TGF-β1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), and the hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) proliferation and HPMEC in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PAH in vivo were investigated.",
"AP treatment resulted in a reduction of EndoMT in HPMECs with a decrease of vimentin, whereas an increase of VE-cadherin, reduction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasohibin-2 (VASH-2), whereas an increase of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) in the hypoxic HPMEC, a reduction of the HPASMC proliferation with decreases of wnt5a, β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of FGF-2, VEGF, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VASH-2 expression, whereas an increase of VASH-1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of the pathological score and the collagen deposition. In addition, AP ameliorated hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiogenic Proteins",
"Animals",
"Cell Cycle Proteins",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Pulmonary",
"Imidazoles",
"Male",
"Protein Kinase Inhibitors",
"Pyridazines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Wnt Signaling Pathway"
]
} | Our results identified a therapeutic potential of AP in PAH therapy might be modulated VASH-2/VASH-1 and the Wnt signaling. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ponatinib attenuate experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating Wnt signaling and vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An abnormal ratio of vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1 may be involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).', 'To evaluate the pharmacological actions of Ponatinib (AP) in experimental model of PAH, the effects of AP on TGF-β1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), and the hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) proliferation and HPMEC in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PAH in vivo were investigated.', 'AP treatment resulted in a reduction of EndoMT in HPMECs with a decrease of vimentin, whereas an increase of VE-cadherin, reduction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasohibin-2 (VASH-2), whereas an increase of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) in the hypoxic HPMEC, a reduction of the HPASMC proliferation with decreases of wnt5a, β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of FGF-2, VEGF, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VASH-2 expression, whereas an increase of VASH-1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of the pathological score and the collagen deposition. In addition, AP ameliorated hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiogenic Proteins', 'Animals', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridazines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,863,584 | Are lactoferrin Levels in Tears Increased by the Topical Application of Diadenosine Tetraphosphate? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the topical application of diadenosine tetraphosphate on lactoferrin levels in rabbit tears.",
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate was topically instilled in a single-dose, tear samples were collected by micropipette and lactoferrin was measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA).",
"The concentration of lactoferrin in rabbit tears was significantly increased 1 h after diadenosine tetraphosphate application, remaining elevated for 3 h more. This effect was blocked by P2 receptors antagonists."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Dinucleoside Phosphates",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Instillation, Drug",
"Lactoferrin",
"Male",
"Models, Animal",
"Ophthalmic Solutions",
"Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors",
"Rabbits",
"Tears"
]
} | Topical application of diadenosine tetraphosphate stimulates the secretion of lactoferrin in rabbit tears through P2 receptor activation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are lactoferrin Levels in Tears Increased by the Topical Application of Diadenosine Tetraphosphate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the topical application of diadenosine tetraphosphate on lactoferrin levels in rabbit tears.', 'Diadenosine tetraphosphate was topically instilled in a single-dose, tear samples were collected by micropipette and lactoferrin was measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA).', 'The concentration of lactoferrin in rabbit tears was significantly increased 1 h after diadenosine tetraphosphate application, remaining elevated for 3 h more. This effect was blocked by P2 receptors antagonists.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dinucleoside Phosphates', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Instillation, Drug', 'Lactoferrin', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Rabbits', 'Tears']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,868,993 | Is higher PDCD4 expression associated with obesity , insulin resistance , lipid metabolism disorders , and granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a novel metabolism-associated gene, during polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis.",
"Case-control study.",
"University hospital.",
"A total of 77 PCOS patients and 67 healthy women as matched controls.",
"PDCD4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) detected by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and small-interfering RNA.",
"PDCD4 expression, body mass index (BMI), insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and GC apoptosis.",
"The PCOS patients had higher PDCD4 expression, but BMI was similar as matched with the obese group, which positively correlated with BMI, insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL (P<.05). After metformin treatment, PDCD4 expression was distinctly down-regulated for the obese women with PCOS with insulin resistance. Compared with the healthy controls, the apoptosis percentage of GCs was higher in the PCOS group and was decreased by knocking down PDCD4. Furthermore, expression of proapotosis factor Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were lower, whereas the expression of antiapoptosis factor Bcl-2 was increased. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of PDCD4 expression independently related to the odds of PCOS risk after controlling for estradiol and insulin 120 (odds ratio 1.318)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Granulosa Cells",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Lipid Metabolism Disorders",
"Obesity",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"RNA-Binding Proteins",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our study suggests for the first time that higher PDCD4 expression might play an important role in PCOS pathogenesis by affecting obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and GC apoptosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is higher PDCD4 expression associated with obesity , insulin resistance , lipid metabolism disorders , and granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a novel metabolism-associated gene, during polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis.', 'Case-control study.', 'University hospital.', 'A total of 77 PCOS patients and 67 healthy women as matched controls.', 'PDCD4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) detected by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and small-interfering RNA.', 'PDCD4 expression, body mass index (BMI), insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and GC apoptosis.', 'The PCOS patients had higher PDCD4 expression, but BMI was similar as matched with the obese group, which positively correlated with BMI, insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL (P<.05). After metformin treatment, PDCD4 expression was distinctly down-regulated for the obese women with PCOS with insulin resistance. Compared with the healthy controls, the apoptosis percentage of GCs was higher in the PCOS group and was decreased by knocking down PDCD4. Furthermore, expression of proapotosis factor Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were lower, whereas the expression of antiapoptosis factor Bcl-2 was increased. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of PDCD4 expression independently related to the odds of PCOS risk after controlling for estradiol and insulin 120 (odds ratio 1.318).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Lipid Metabolism Disorders', 'Obesity', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,872,063 | Does missense Variant in MAPK Inactivator PTPN5 be Associated with Decreased Severity of Post-Burn Hypertrophic Scarring? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is hypothesized to have a genetic mechanism, yet its genetic determinants are largely unknown. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important mediators of inflammatory signaling, and experimental evidence implicates MAPKs in HTS formation. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAPK-pathway genes would be associated with severity of post-burn HTS.",
"We analyzed data from a prospective-cohort genome-wide association study of post-burn HTS. We included subjects with deep-partial-thickness burns admitted to our center who provided blood for genotyping and had at least one Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) assessment. After adjusting for HTS risk factors and population stratification, we tested MAPK-pathway gene SNPs for association with the four VSS variables in a joint regression model. In addition to individual-SNP analysis, we performed gene-based association testing.",
"Our study population consisted of 538 adults (median age 40 years) who were predominantly White (76%) males (71%) admitted to our center from 2007-2014 with small-to-moderate-sized burns (median burn size 6% total body surface area). Of 2,146 SNPs tested, a rare missense variant in the PTPN5 gene (rs56234898; minor allele frequency 1.5%) was significantly associated with decreased severity of post-burn HTS (P = 1.3×10-6). In gene-based analysis, PTPN5 (P = 1.2×10-5) showed a significant association and BDNF (P = 9.5×10-4) a borderline-significant association with HTS severity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Burns",
"Cicatrix, Hypertrophic",
"Female",
"Genome-Wide Association Study",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Mutation, Missense",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Prospective Studies",
"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor"
]
} | We report PTPN5 as a novel genetic locus associated with HTS severity. PTPN5 is a MAPK inhibitor expressed in neurons, suggesting a potential role for neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammatory signaling in HTS pathophysiology. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does missense Variant in MAPK Inactivator PTPN5 be Associated with Decreased Severity of Post-Burn Hypertrophic Scarring?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is hypothesized to have a genetic mechanism, yet its genetic determinants are largely unknown. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important mediators of inflammatory signaling, and experimental evidence implicates MAPKs in HTS formation. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAPK-pathway genes would be associated with severity of post-burn HTS.', 'We analyzed data from a prospective-cohort genome-wide association study of post-burn HTS. We included subjects with deep-partial-thickness burns admitted to our center who provided blood for genotyping and had at least one Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) assessment. After adjusting for HTS risk factors and population stratification, we tested MAPK-pathway gene SNPs for association with the four VSS variables in a joint regression model. In addition to individual-SNP analysis, we performed gene-based association testing.', 'Our study population consisted of 538 adults (median age 40 years) who were predominantly White (76%) males (71%) admitted to our center from 2007-2014 with small-to-moderate-sized burns (median burn size 6% total body surface area). Of 2,146 SNPs tested, a rare missense variant in the PTPN5 gene (rs56234898; minor allele frequency 1.5%) was significantly associated with decreased severity of post-burn HTS (P = 1.3×10-6). In gene-based analysis, PTPN5 (P = 1.2×10-5) showed a significant association and BDNF (P = 9.5×10-4) a borderline-significant association with HTS severity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Burns', 'Cicatrix, Hypertrophic', 'Female', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prospective Studies', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,197 | Do gender and frailty predict poor outcomes in infrainguinal vascular surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Women have poorer outcomes after vascular surgery as compared to men as shown by studies recently. Frailty is also an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study examines the interplay of gender and frailty on outcomes after infrainguinal vascular procedures.",
"The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify all patients who underwent infrainguinal vascular procedures from 2005-2012. Frailty was measured using a modified frailty index (mFI; derived from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the association of preoperative frailty and gender, on postoperative outcomes.",
"Of 24,645 patients (92% open, 8% endovascular), there were 533 deaths (2.2%) and 6198 (25.1%) major complications within 30 d postoperatively. Women were more frail (mean mFI = 0.269) than men (mean mFI = 0.259; P < 0.001). Women and frail patients (mFI>0.25) were more likely to have a major morbidity (P < 0.001) or mortality (P < 0.001) with the highest risk in frail women. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender and increasing mFI were independently significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05) as well as major complications. The interaction of gender and frailty in multivariate analysis showed the highest adjusted 30-d mortality and morbidity in frail females at 2.8% and 30.1%, respectively and that was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than nonfrail males, nonfrail females and frail males."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Canada",
"Female",
"Frail Elderly",
"Humans",
"Lower Extremity",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sex Factors",
"United States",
"Vascular Surgical Procedures"
]
} | Female gender and frailty are both associated with increased risk of complications and death following infrainguinal vascular procedures with the highest risk in frail females. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of interaction of gender and frailty and its effect on long-term outcomes for peripheral vascular disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do gender and frailty predict poor outcomes in infrainguinal vascular surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Women have poorer outcomes after vascular surgery as compared to men as shown by studies recently. Frailty is also an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study examines the interplay of gender and frailty on outcomes after infrainguinal vascular procedures.', 'The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify all patients who underwent infrainguinal vascular procedures from 2005-2012. Frailty was measured using a modified frailty index (mFI; derived from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the association of preoperative frailty and gender, on postoperative outcomes.', 'Of 24,645 patients (92% open, 8% endovascular), there were 533 deaths (2.2%) and 6198 (25.1%) major complications within 30 d postoperatively. Women were more frail (mean mFI = 0.269) than men (mean mFI = 0.259; P < 0.001). Women and frail patients (mFI>0.25) were more likely to have a major morbidity (P < 0.001) or mortality (P < 0.001) with the highest risk in frail women. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender and increasing mFI were independently significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05) as well as major complications. The interaction of gender and frailty in multivariate analysis showed the highest adjusted 30-d mortality and morbidity in frail females at 2.8% and 30.1%, respectively and that was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than nonfrail males, nonfrail females and frail males.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Canada', 'Female', 'Frail Elderly', 'Humans', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'United States', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,857,874 | Does reasons for discrepancies in hip fracture risk estimate using FRAX and Garvan calculators? | {
"contexts": [
"Both the FRAX and Garvan calculators are used to estimate absolute risk of fracture, but they sometimes produce different estimates. We sought to determine which patient characteristics contribute to these discrepancies.",
"Ten-year hip fracture risk was estimated for 122 women, using both FRAX and Garvan with bone mineral density (BMD).",
"Differences in estimates of hip fracture were assessed, both in absolute terms and with respect to a treatment threshold of 3%.",
"Garvan estimates were higher than FRAX estimates across the range of ages and BMDs studied. A history of falls or of multiple fractures increased risk calculated by Garvan 3-6-fold, but did not account for all differences between calculators. Discrepancies around a 3% treatment threshold occurred in 31/122 (25%). Women aged 70-74 years, and women with osteopenia were most likely to have discordant estimates. Most discordant estimates (29/31) had a Garvan estimate ≥ 3% and FRAX <3%. Falls, multiple fractures, ethnicity and a history of parental hip fracture contributed to some discordant estimates."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Bone Density",
"Bone Diseases, Metabolic",
"Female",
"Hip Fractures",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Hip fracture risk estimates are usually higher with Garvan than FRAX, and these differences could impact on treatment decisions in about a quarter of patients. Falls and multiple fractures have a strong influence on Garvan risk estimates, when present. Clinically important discrepancies tend to occur in patients who are at borderline fracture risk. In patients with hip fracture risks near the treatment threshold with one calculator, use of the other calculator should be considered to help guide treatment decisions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does reasons for discrepancies in hip fracture risk estimate using FRAX and Garvan calculators?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Both the FRAX and Garvan calculators are used to estimate absolute risk of fracture, but they sometimes produce different estimates. We sought to determine which patient characteristics contribute to these discrepancies.', 'Ten-year hip fracture risk was estimated for 122 women, using both FRAX and Garvan with bone mineral density (BMD).', 'Differences in estimates of hip fracture were assessed, both in absolute terms and with respect to a treatment threshold of 3%.', 'Garvan estimates were higher than FRAX estimates across the range of ages and BMDs studied. A history of falls or of multiple fractures increased risk calculated by Garvan 3-6-fold, but did not account for all differences between calculators. Discrepancies around a 3% treatment threshold occurred in 31/122 (25%). Women aged 70-74 years, and women with osteopenia were most likely to have discordant estimates. Most discordant estimates (29/31) had a Garvan estimate ≥ 3% and FRAX\\u2009<3%. Falls, multiple fractures, ethnicity and a history of parental hip fracture contributed to some discordant estimates.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Diseases, Metabolic', 'Female', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,854,754 | Does an integrated molecular landscape implicate the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive-compulsive disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood and is characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses and/or ideas that often cause anxiety or distress) and compulsions (ritualized and stereotypic behaviours or mental acts that are often performed to relieve anxiety or distress associated with obsessions). Although OCD is a heritable disorder, its complex molecular etiology is poorly understood.",
"We combined enrichment analyses and an elaborate literature review of the top-ranked genes emerging from the 2 published genome-wide association studies of OCD and candidate genes implicated through other evidence in order to identify biological processes that, when dysregulated, increase the risk for OCD.",
"The resulting molecular protein landscape was enriched for proteins involved in regulating postsynaptic dendritic spine formation - and hence synaptic plasticity - through insulin-dependent molecular signalling cascades."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | This study is a first attempt to integrate molecuar information from different sources in order to identify biological mechanisms underlying OCD etiology. Our findings are constrained by the limited information from hypothesis-free studies and the incompleteness and existing limitations of the OCD literature and the gene function annotations of gene enrichment tools. As this study was solely based on in silico analyses, experimental validation of the provided hypotheses is warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an integrated molecular landscape implicate the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive-compulsive disorder?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood and is characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses and/or ideas that often cause anxiety or distress) and compulsions (ritualized and stereotypic behaviours or mental acts that are often performed to relieve anxiety or distress associated with obsessions). Although OCD is a heritable disorder, its complex molecular etiology is poorly understood.', 'We combined enrichment analyses and an elaborate literature review of the top-ranked genes emerging from the 2 published genome-wide association studies of OCD and candidate genes implicated through other evidence in order to identify biological processes that, when dysregulated, increase the risk for OCD.', 'The resulting molecular protein landscape was enriched for proteins involved in regulating postsynaptic dendritic spine formation - and hence synaptic plasticity - through insulin-dependent molecular signalling cascades.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,872,549 | Do fractures lead to worsening of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"The cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares is multifactorial and not well understood. No reports of fractures influencing disease activity in patients with RA have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractures influence disease activity in patients with RA.",
"Hospital records of 470 patients with RA between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. We first examined the incidence of flare using multiple regression analysis. Secondly, we examined the incidence of flare using DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, and drug changes before bone fracture until bone union in the fracture cases.",
"Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p < 0.001), bottom DAS28-ESR (p < 0.001), and fracture (p = 0.041) were independent factor for DAS28-ESR at the last observation period, and sex (p = 0.040), bottom DAS28-CRP (p < 0.001), and fracture (p = 0.019) were independent factor for DAS28-CRP at the last observation period. The average DAS28-ESR value was significantly increased from 3.19 (prefracture) to 3.58 (bone union). The average DAS28-CRP value was also significantly increased from 2.45 (prefracture) to 2.79 (bone union)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Female",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | We have demonstrated that fractures influence disease activity in patients with RA. Larger numbers of fracture cases are required to confirm the present observations; however, the prevention of fracture is clearly required in patients with RA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do fractures lead to worsening of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares is multifactorial and not well understood. No reports of fractures influencing disease activity in patients with RA have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractures influence disease activity in patients with RA.', 'Hospital records of 470 patients with RA between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. We first examined the incidence of flare using multiple regression analysis. Secondly, we examined the incidence of flare using DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, and drug changes before bone fracture until bone union in the fracture cases.', 'Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001), bottom DAS28-ESR (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001), and fracture (p\\u2009=\\u20090.041) were independent factor for DAS28-ESR at the last observation period, and sex (p\\u2009=\\u20090.040), bottom DAS28-CRP (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001), and fracture (p\\u2009=\\u20090.019) were independent factor for DAS28-CRP at the last observation period. The average DAS28-ESR value was significantly increased from 3.19 (prefracture) to 3.58 (bone union). The average DAS28-CRP value was also significantly increased from 2.45 (prefracture) to 2.79 (bone union).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,872,979 | Does microRNA-30a promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through inhibiting Delta-like 4 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the regulation of miR-30a during such process has not yet been well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of miR-30a on chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and explore the underlying mechanisms.",
"MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow, and their immunophenotypes and multilineage differentiation potentials were identified. MiR-30a mimics or inhibitor were transfected into rat MSCs and SW1353 cells, respectively, and then the effects of miR-30a on chondrogenic differentiation were detected. The predicted target gene Delta-like 4 (DLL4, a ligand of the Notch signaling family) was verified by luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real time PCR and western blot.",
"MiR-30a was significantly up-regulated during chondrogenic differentiation of rat MSCs. Additionally, transfection of miR-30a mimics remarkably promoted the differentiation of rat MSCs into chondrocytes as evidence by the notably increased mRNA and protein expression levels of chondrogenic markers Collagen II and aggrecan as well as the enhanced alcian blue staining intensity, whereas inhibition of miR-30a obviously suppressed such process. Furthermore, during chondrogenesis, DLL4 expression was found to significantly decrease at both mRNA and protein levels, which was negatively regulated by miR-30a through directly targeting the 3'UTR of DLL4."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Line",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chondrocytes",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cells",
"MicroRNAs",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | Our results indicate that miR-30a acts as a key promoter for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs by down-regulating DLL4 expression, and provide a novel insight on miRNA-mediated MSC therapy for cartilage-related disorders including osteoarthritis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does microRNA-30a promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through inhibiting Delta-like 4 expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the regulation of miR-30a during such process has not yet been well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of miR-30a on chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and explore the underlying mechanisms.', 'MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow, and their immunophenotypes and multilineage differentiation potentials were identified. MiR-30a mimics or inhibitor were transfected into rat MSCs and SW1353 cells, respectively, and then the effects of miR-30a on chondrogenic differentiation were detected. The predicted target gene Delta-like 4 (DLL4, a ligand of the Notch signaling family) was verified by luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real time PCR and western blot.', \"MiR-30a was significantly up-regulated during chondrogenic differentiation of rat MSCs. Additionally, transfection of miR-30a mimics remarkably promoted the differentiation of rat MSCs into chondrocytes as evidence by the notably increased mRNA and protein expression levels of chondrogenic markers Collagen II and aggrecan as well as the enhanced alcian blue staining intensity, whereas inhibition of miR-30a obviously suppressed such process. Furthermore, during chondrogenesis, DLL4 expression was found to significantly decrease at both mRNA and protein levels, which was negatively regulated by miR-30a through directly targeting the 3'UTR of DLL4.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'MicroRNAs', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,879,216 | Does decreased Cystatin C-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate be Correlated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Transient Tachypnea of Newborn Infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a benign disorder with a variable clinical course that often leads to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to assess and validate the relationship between the serum cystatin C level and symptom duration in infants with TTN.",
"Forty newborns presenting with TTN and who had undergone serum cystatin C (Cys C) tests on the first day of admission to the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from 2009 to 2013 were included. The serum Cys C level, creatinine (Cr) level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tachypnea duration were correlated retrospectively.",
"The median gestation period was 37.8 ± 3.8 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3.2 ± 0.4 kg. Tachypnea duration was 3.3 ± 2.0 days. Serum Cys C and Cr levels were 1.7 ± 0.2 mg/L and 0.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL, respectively. Tachypnea duration was significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of Cys C and significantly negatively correlated with Cys C-based eGFR (p = 0.016), but was not significantly correlated with the serum Cr level or Cr-based eGFR. When tachypnea duration was compared between infants with Cys C level <1.6 mg/L (n = 15; Group A) and infants with Cys C level ≥ 1.6 mg/L (n = 25; Group B), the symptom duration was significantly shorter in Group A infants (p = 0.011)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers",
"Creatinine",
"Cystatin C",
"Female",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Republic of Korea",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors",
"Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn"
]
} | Tachypnea duration was shorter with higher Cys C-based eGFR in infants with TTN. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does decreased Cystatin C-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate be Correlated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Transient Tachypnea of Newborn Infants?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a benign disorder with a variable clinical course that often leads to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to assess and validate the relationship between the serum cystatin C level and symptom duration in infants with TTN.', 'Forty newborns presenting with TTN and who had undergone serum cystatin C (Cys C) tests on the first day of admission to the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from 2009 to 2013 were included. The serum Cys C level, creatinine (Cr) level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tachypnea duration were correlated retrospectively.', 'The median gestation period was 37.8\\xa0±\\xa03.8 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3.2\\xa0±\\xa00.4\\xa0kg. Tachypnea duration was 3.3\\xa0±\\xa02.0 days. Serum Cys C and Cr levels were 1.7\\xa0±\\xa00.2\\xa0mg/L and 0.8\\xa0±\\xa01.2\\xa0mg/dL, respectively. Tachypnea duration was significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of Cys C and significantly negatively correlated with Cys C-based eGFR (p\\xa0=\\xa00.016), but was not significantly correlated with the serum Cr level or Cr-based eGFR. When tachypnea duration was compared between infants with Cys C level <1.6\\xa0mg/L (n\\xa0=\\xa015; Group A) and infants with Cys C level\\xa0≥\\xa01.6\\xa0mg/L (n\\xa0=\\xa025; Group B), the symptom duration was significantly shorter in Group A infants (p\\xa0=\\xa00.011).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers', 'Creatinine', 'Cystatin C', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,848,396 | Are high levels of cathepsin D and cystatin B associated with increased risk of coronary events? | {
"contexts": [
"The majority of acute coronary syndromes are caused by plaque ruptures. Proteases secreted by macrophages play an important role in plaque ruptures by degrading extracellular matrix proteins in the fibrous cap. Matrix metalloproteinases have been shown to be markers for cardiovascular disease whereas the members of the cathepsin protease family are less studied.",
"Cathepsin D, cathepsin L and cystatin B were measured in plasma at baseline from 384 individuals who developed coronary events (CEs), and from 409 age-matched and sex-matched controls from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort.",
"Cathepsin D (180 (142-238) vs 163 (128-210), p<0.001), cathepsin L (55 (44-73) vs 52 (43-67), p<0.05) and cystatin B levels (45 (36-57) vs 42 (33-52), p<0.001) were significantly increased in CE cases compared to controls. In addition, increased cathepsin D (220 (165-313) vs 167 (133-211), p<0.001), cathepsin L (61 (46-80) vs 53 (43-68), p<0.05) and cystatin B (46 (38-58) vs 43 (34-54), p<0.05) were associated with prevalent diabetes. Furthermore, cathepsin D and cystatin B were increased in smokers. The HRs for incident CE comparing the highest to the lowest tertile(s) of cathepsin D and cystatin B were 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.75) and 1.26 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.57), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides, body mass index, hypertension and glucose, but these associations did not remain significant after further addition of smoking to the model. In addition, cathepsin D was increased in incident CE cases among smokers after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The associations of cathepsin D and cystatin B with future CE provide clinical support for a role of these factors in cardiovascular disease, which for cathepsin D may be of particular importance for smokers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are high levels of cathepsin D and cystatin B associated with increased risk of coronary events?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The majority of acute coronary syndromes are caused by plaque ruptures. Proteases secreted by macrophages play an important role in plaque ruptures by degrading extracellular matrix proteins in the fibrous cap. Matrix metalloproteinases have been shown to be markers for cardiovascular disease whereas the members of the cathepsin protease family are less studied.', 'Cathepsin D, cathepsin L and cystatin B were measured in plasma at baseline from 384 individuals who developed coronary events (CEs), and from 409 age-matched and sex-matched controls from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort.', 'Cathepsin D (180 (142-238) vs 163 (128-210), p<0.001), cathepsin L (55 (44-73) vs 52 (43-67), p<0.05) and cystatin B levels (45 (36-57) vs 42 (33-52), p<0.001) were significantly increased in CE cases compared to controls. In addition, increased cathepsin D (220 (165-313) vs 167 (133-211), p<0.001), cathepsin L (61 (46-80) vs 53 (43-68), p<0.05) and cystatin B (46 (38-58) vs 43 (34-54), p<0.05) were associated with prevalent diabetes. Furthermore, cathepsin D and cystatin B were increased in smokers. The HRs for incident CE comparing the highest to the lowest tertile(s) of cathepsin D and cystatin B were 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.75) and 1.26 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.57), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides, body mass index, hypertension and glucose, but these associations did not remain significant after further addition of smoking to the model. In addition, cathepsin D was increased in incident CE cases among smokers after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,858,793 | Does the MacNew Questionnaire be a Helpful Tool for Predicting Unplanned Hospital Readmissions After Coronary Revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"The MacNew questionnaire is a neuro-behavioral tool which is easy and immediately usable. This self-reported questionnaire filled out by the patient allows the physician to achieve helpful information concerning the ways for optimizing the therapy and patient's lifestyles. In this retrospective study, our aim was to assess whether relatively high scores found using the MacNew questionnaire in patients who had undergone percutaneous or surgical revascularization were associated with a decreased risk of unscheduled hospitalizations during the follow-up.",
"A retrospective analysis concerning 210 patients was carried out. The clinical sheets of these patients were examined as regards the information provided in the specific questionnaires (MacNew Italian version) routinely administered during the hospitalization prescribed for recovering from recent interventions of coronary percutaneous or surgery revascularization. Every patient undergoing the psychological test with MacNew questionnaire was followed up for 3 years.",
"Using univariate analysis, a global score's high value (i.e., above the median of the whole examined population) was shown to be associated with a significantly decreased risk of rehospitalization (HR (hazard ratio): 0.4312; 95% CI: 0.3463 - 0.5370; P < 0.0001). After adjustment for age, gender and myocardial infarction as initiating event, using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the protection exerted by a high MacNew score against the risk of hospitalizations remained significant (HR: 0.0885; 95% CI: 0.0317 - 0.2472; P < 0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | A relatively elevated MacNew global score appears to be associated with a significantly decreased risk of unscheduled hospitalizations after coronary revascularization over a 3-year follow-up. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the MacNew Questionnaire be a Helpful Tool for Predicting Unplanned Hospital Readmissions After Coronary Revascularization?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The MacNew questionnaire is a neuro-behavioral tool which is easy and immediately usable. This self-reported questionnaire filled out by the patient allows the physician to achieve helpful information concerning the ways for optimizing the therapy and patient's lifestyles. In this retrospective study, our aim was to assess whether relatively high scores found using the MacNew questionnaire in patients who had undergone percutaneous or surgical revascularization were associated with a decreased risk of unscheduled hospitalizations during the follow-up.\", 'A retrospective analysis concerning 210 patients was carried out. The clinical sheets of these patients were examined as regards the information provided in the specific questionnaires (MacNew Italian version) routinely administered during the hospitalization prescribed for recovering from recent interventions of coronary percutaneous or surgery revascularization. Every patient undergoing the psychological test with MacNew questionnaire was followed up for 3 years.', \"Using univariate analysis, a global score's high value (i.e., above the median of the whole examined population) was shown to be associated with a significantly decreased risk of rehospitalization (HR (hazard ratio): 0.4312; 95% CI: 0.3463 - 0.5370; P < 0.0001). After adjustment for age, gender and myocardial infarction as initiating event, using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the protection exerted by a high MacNew score against the risk of hospitalizations remained significant (HR: 0.0885; 95% CI: 0.0317 - 0.2472; P < 0.0001).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,850,359 | Does demethylation of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme predict poor prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) has been demonstrated to be involved in liver inflammation. However, the significance of TACE methylation in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has not been demonstrated. This study aims to evaluate TACE methylation status in ACHBLF and determine its predictive value for prognosis.",
"Forty-five patients with ACHBLF, 80 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The methylation status of TACE promoter was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The TACE mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The plasma levels of TACE, TNF-α, sTNFRI, sTNFRII were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.",
"TACE methylation was significantly lower in patients with ACHBLF than those with CHB (χ(2)=24.69, P<0.01) and HCs (χ(2)=35.93, P<0.01). Meanwhile, TACE methylation was significantly lower in CHB patients than HCs (χ(2)=4.03, P<0.05). TACE methylation was significantly inversely associated with its mRNA expression (r=-0.68; P<0.01). The plasma levels of TACE, TNF-α, sTNFRI, sTNFRII were significantly higher in patients with ACHBLF than those with CHB (P<0.05, respectively) and HCs (P<0.05, respectively). In patients with ACHBLF, significantly higher prothrombin activity, lower total bilirubin and MELD score were found in TACE methylated group than unmethylated group (P<0.05). ACHBLF patients with methylated TACE showed significantly better survival than those without (P<0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ADAM17 Protein",
"Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure",
"Adult",
"Bilirubin",
"Case-Control Studies",
"DNA Methylation",
"Female",
"Hepatitis B, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Prothrombin",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Young Adult"
]
} | This study showed that demethylation of TACE promoter occurred in ACHBLF and might serve as a potential prognostic marker. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does demethylation of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme predict poor prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) has been demonstrated to be involved in liver inflammation. However, the significance of TACE methylation in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has not been demonstrated. This study aims to evaluate TACE methylation status in ACHBLF and determine its predictive value for prognosis.', 'Forty-five patients with ACHBLF, 80 with chronic hepatitis\\xa0B (CHB) and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The methylation status of TACE promoter was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The TACE mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The plasma levels of TACE, TNF-α, sTNFRI, sTNFRII were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'TACE methylation was significantly lower in patients with ACHBLF than those with CHB (χ(2)=24.69, P<0.01) and HCs (χ(2)=35.93, P<0.01). Meanwhile, TACE methylation was significantly lower in CHB patients than HCs (χ(2)=4.03, P<0.05). TACE methylation was significantly inversely associated with its mRNA expression (r=-0.68; P<0.01). The plasma levels of TACE, TNF-α, sTNFRI, sTNFRII were significantly higher in patients with ACHBLF than those with CHB (P<0.05, respectively) and HCs (P<0.05, respectively). In patients with ACHBLF, significantly higher prothrombin activity, lower total bilirubin and MELD score were found in TACE methylated group than unmethylated group (P<0.05). ACHBLF patients with methylated TACE showed significantly better survival than those without (P<0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ADAM17 Protein', 'Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure', 'Adult', 'Bilirubin', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA Methylation', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Prothrombin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,856,989 | Does lRG1 modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via HIF-1α activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been reported to be involved in several tumors, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of LRG1 in CRC.",
"The mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were assessed in CRC tissues through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with LRG1 siRNA, control siRNA, or recombinant LRG1. Transwell invasion assays and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of E-cadherin, VDR, N-cadherin, α-SMA, Vimentin and Twist1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion level of VEGF-A. Conditioned medium from CRC cells was collected for endothelial cell migration, tube formation and aortic ring sprouting assays.",
"LRG1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and associated with cancer aggressiveness. LRG1 was further found to induce the EMT process, as well as CRC cell migration and invasion capacity. In addition, LRG1 promoted VEGF-A expression in CRC cells and contributed to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, HIF-1α could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was responsible for LRG1-induced VEGF-A expression and EMT."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Culture Media, Conditioned",
"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition",
"Female",
"Glycoproteins",
"HCT116 Cells",
"Humans",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Prognosis",
"Rats",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | The present study suggests that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the progression of CRC by regulating HIF-1α expression, thereby may be a promising therapeutic target of CRC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lRG1 modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via HIF-1α activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been reported to be involved in several tumors, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of LRG1 in CRC.', 'The mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were assessed in CRC tissues through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with LRG1 siRNA, control siRNA, or recombinant LRG1. Transwell invasion assays and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of E-cadherin, VDR, N-cadherin, α-SMA, Vimentin and Twist1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion level of VEGF-A. Conditioned medium from CRC cells was collected for endothelial cell migration, tube formation and aortic ring sprouting assays.', 'LRG1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and associated with cancer aggressiveness. LRG1 was further found to induce the EMT process, as well as CRC cell migration and invasion capacity. In addition, LRG1 promoted VEGF-A expression in CRC cells and contributed to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, HIF-1α could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was responsible for LRG1-induced VEGF-A expression and EMT.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Rats', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,851,052 | Is the face bow irrelevant for making prostheses and planning orthognathic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The author addresses whether the face bow is irrelevant for all types of prosthetic work and for planning orthognathic surgery.",
"The author searched electronic databases to find studies whose investigators used the strongest clinical evidence (that is, randomized clinical trials) and studies whose investigators incorporated the use of cinefluorography. The author found 13 studies and 1 Internet video that provided strong evidence to support the irrelevancy of the face bow transfer.",
"Evidence indicates that the face bow has nothing to do with speech, the fit and comfort of the prostheses, ridge morphology, facial contours, the color of the teeth and denture bases, the arrangement of the artificial teeth, chewing efficiency stability, and the psychological aspects of prosthodontic treatment. The cinefluorographic example showed that there was no condylar axis of rotation during functional activity, a sawing action of the mandibular incisors during the incising of toast and the mandible moving in a back and forth, rocking chair-like movement during functional activity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Eliminating the face bow transfer reduces the patient's chair time and the dentist's overhead expenses. The author found evidence in the results of randomized controlled trials and an online video that justify eliminating the use and teaching of the 133-year-old technique known as the face bow transfer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the face bow irrelevant for making prostheses and planning orthognathic surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The author addresses whether the face bow is irrelevant for all types of prosthetic work and for planning orthognathic surgery.', 'The author searched electronic databases to find studies whose investigators used the strongest clinical evidence (that is, randomized clinical trials) and studies whose investigators incorporated the use of cinefluorography. The author found 13 studies and 1 Internet video that provided strong evidence to support the irrelevancy of the face bow transfer.', 'Evidence indicates that the face bow has nothing\\xa0to do with speech, the fit and comfort of the prostheses, ridge morphology, facial contours, the color of\\xa0the teeth and denture bases, the arrangement of the artificial teeth, chewing efficiency stability, and the psychological aspects of prosthodontic treatment. The cinefluorographic example showed that there was no condylar axis\\xa0of rotation\\xa0during functional activity, a sawing action of the\\xa0mandibular incisors during the incising of\\xa0toast and\\xa0the\\xa0mandible moving in a back and forth,\\xa0rocking\\xa0chair-like movement during functional activity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,869,066 | Does perioperative Dexamethasone Administration Increase the Incidence of Postoperative Infection in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty : A Retrospective Analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Dexamethasone is frequently used for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting and as an adjunct in multimodal postoperative analgesia after total joint arthroplasty; however, the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after the use of perioperative dexamethasone in total joint arthroplasty has yet to be fully elucidated.",
"A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty (N = 6294) between January 1, 2002 and January 31, 2014. The primary outcome was PJI requiring surgical intervention. Patients were subdivided into 2 cohorts; patients who received perioperative dexamethasone, a single 4- to 10-mg intravenous dose, as prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting (Dex group; N = 557) and those that did not receive perioperative dexamethasone (No Dex group; N = 5737). Secondary measures included timing of infection, culture data, and the type and number of subsequent procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square or Fisher's exact test where appropriate.",
"Seventy-four joints of the 6294 joints included in this analysis ultimately developed a PJI for an overall incidence of infection of 1.2%. Seven of the 557 joints (1.3%) in the Dex group developed a PJI; 67 of the 5737 joints (1.2%) in the No Dex group developed an infection. This difference was not significant (P = .8022). No significant difference in the timing of infection or the number of subsequent procedures was seen."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee",
"Dexamethasone",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Perioperative Period",
"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting",
"Postoperative Period",
"Prosthesis-Related Infections",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | A single intravenous perioperative dose of dexamethasone had no statistically significant difference in the rate of PJI after total hip or knee arthroplasty. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does perioperative Dexamethasone Administration Increase the Incidence of Postoperative Infection in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty : A Retrospective Analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dexamethasone is frequently used for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting and as an adjunct in multimodal postoperative analgesia after total joint arthroplasty; however, the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after the use of perioperative dexamethasone in total joint arthroplasty has yet to be fully elucidated.', \"A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty (N\\xa0= 6294) between January 1, 2002 and January 31, 2014. The primary outcome was PJI requiring surgical intervention. Patients were subdivided into 2 cohorts; patients who received perioperative dexamethasone, a single 4- to 10-mg intravenous dose, as prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting (Dex group; N\\xa0= 557) and those that did not receive perioperative dexamethasone (No Dex group; N\\xa0= 5737). Secondary measures included timing of infection, culture data, and the type and number of subsequent procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square or Fisher's exact test where appropriate.\", 'Seventy-four joints of the 6294 joints included in this analysis ultimately developed a PJI for an overall incidence of infection of 1.2%. Seven of the 557 joints (1.3%) in the Dex group developed a PJI; 67 of the 5737 joints (1.2%) in the No Dex group developed an infection. This difference was not significant (P\\xa0= .8022). No significant difference in the timing of infection or the number of subsequent procedures was seen.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perioperative Period', 'Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prosthesis-Related Infections', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,866,868 | Does tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute enhance Wound Healing after Radiation Therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"When given in conjunction with surgery for treating cancer, radiation therapy may result in impaired wound healing, which, in turn, could cause skin ulcers. In this study, bilayer and monolayer autologous skin substitutes were used to treat an irradiated wound.",
"A single dose of 30 Gy of linear electron beam radiation was applied to the hind limb of nude mice before creating the skin lesion (area of 78.6 mm). Monolayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (MTESSs) were prepared by entrapping cultured keratinocytes in fibrin matrix, and bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (BTESSs) were prepared by entrapping keratinocytes and fibroblasts in separate layers. Bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute and MTESS were implanted to the wound area. Gross appearance and wound area were analyzed to evaluate wound healing efficiency. Skin regeneration and morphological appearance were observed via histological and electron microscopy. Protein expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skin regeneration were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).",
"Macroscopic observation revealed that at day 13, treatments with BTESS completely healed the irradiated wound, whereas wound sizes of 1.1 ± 0.05 and 6.8 ± 0.14 mm were measured in the MTESS-treated and untreated control groups, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) analysis showed formation of compact and organized epidermal and dermal layers in the BTESS-treated group, as compared with MTESS-treated and untreated control groups. Ultrastructural analysis indicates maturation of skin in BTESS-treated wound evidenced by formation of intermediate filament bundles in the dermal layer and low intercellular space in the epidermal layer. Expressions of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF were also higher in BTESS-treated wounds, compared with MTESS-treated wounds."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Transplantation",
"Mice",
"Radiotherapy",
"Skin Transplantation",
"Skin, Artificial",
"Tissue Engineering",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | These results indicate that BTESS is the preferred treatment for irradiated wound ulcers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute enhance Wound Healing after Radiation Therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['When given in conjunction with surgery for treating cancer, radiation therapy may result in impaired wound healing, which, in turn, could cause skin ulcers. In this study, bilayer and monolayer autologous skin substitutes were used to treat an irradiated wound.', 'A single dose of 30 Gy of linear electron beam radiation was applied to the hind limb of nude mice before creating the skin lesion (area of 78.6 mm). Monolayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (MTESSs) were prepared by entrapping cultured keratinocytes in fibrin matrix, and bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (BTESSs) were prepared by entrapping keratinocytes and fibroblasts in separate layers. Bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute and MTESS were implanted to the wound area. Gross appearance and wound area were analyzed to evaluate wound healing efficiency. Skin regeneration and morphological appearance were observed via histological and electron microscopy. Protein expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skin regeneration were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).', 'Macroscopic observation revealed that at day 13, treatments with BTESS completely healed the irradiated wound, whereas wound sizes of 1.1 ± 0.05 and 6.8 ± 0.14 mm were measured in the MTESS-treated and untreated control groups, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) analysis showed formation of compact and organized epidermal and dermal layers in the BTESS-treated group, as compared with MTESS-treated and untreated control groups. Ultrastructural analysis indicates maturation of skin in BTESS-treated wound evidenced by formation of intermediate filament bundles in the dermal layer and low intercellular space in the epidermal layer. Expressions of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF were also higher in BTESS-treated wounds, compared with MTESS-treated wounds.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Mice', 'Radiotherapy', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Skin, Artificial', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,876,491 | Is cell phone use associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva? | {
"contexts": [
"There is controversy on the effects of the non-ionizing radiation emitted by cell phones on cellular processes and the impact of such radiation exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cell phone use alters cytokine expression in the saliva produced by the parotid glands.",
"Cytokine expression profile was determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in the saliva produced by the parotid glands in healthy volunteers, and correlated with self-reported cell phone use and laterality.",
"The following parameters were determined, in 83 Brazilian individuals in saliva produced by the parotid glands comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to that from the contralateral parotid: salivary flow, total protein concentration, interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) salivary levels by ELISA. After multiple testing correction, decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β salivary levels in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side (P < 0.05) were detected. Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years presented higher differences between IL-10 levels in ipsilateral versus contralateral parotids (P = 0.0012). No difference was observed in any of the tested parameters in correlation with cell phone monthly usage in minutes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Cell Phone Use",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Cytokines",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-1beta",
"Interleukin-6",
"Male",
"Parotid Gland",
"Radiation, Nonionizing",
"Saliva",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The exposure of parotid glands to cell phones can alter salivary IL-10 and IL-1β levels, consistent with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that may be related to heat production. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cell phone use associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is controversy on the effects of the non-ionizing radiation emitted by cell phones on cellular processes and the impact of such radiation exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cell phone use alters cytokine expression in the saliva produced by the parotid glands.', 'Cytokine expression profile was determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in the saliva produced by the parotid glands in healthy volunteers, and correlated with self-reported cell phone use and laterality.', 'The following parameters were determined, in 83 Brazilian individuals in saliva produced by the parotid glands comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to that from the contralateral parotid: salivary flow, total protein concentration, interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) salivary levels by ELISA. After multiple testing correction, decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β salivary levels in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side (P < 0.05) were detected. Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years presented higher differences between IL-10 levels in ipsilateral versus contralateral parotids (P = 0.0012). No difference was observed in any of the tested parameters in correlation with cell phone monthly usage in minutes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cell Phone Use', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Parotid Gland', 'Radiation, Nonionizing', 'Saliva', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,869,380 | Is placental MFSD2a transporter related to decreased DHA in cord blood of women with treated gestational diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Maternal-fetal transfer of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is impaired by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. MFSD2a was recently recognized as a lyso-phospholipid (lyso-PL) transporter that facilitates DHA accretion in brain. The role of this transporter in placenta is uncertain. We evaluated effects of GDM and its treatment (diet or insulin) on phospholipid species, fatty acid profile in women, cord blood and placental fatty acid carriers.",
"Prospective observational study of pregnant women recruited in the third trimester (25 controls, 23 GDM-diet, 20 GDM-insulin). Fetal ultrasound was performed at gestational week 38. At delivery, maternal and neonatal anthropometry was performed, and fatty acids in total lipids and phospholipid species were analyzed in placenta, maternal and venous cord blood. Western-blot analyses were performed for placental fatty acid carriers.",
"Fetal abdominal circumference z-score at 38 weeks tended to higher values in GDM (P = 0.071), pointing toward higher fetal fat accretion in these babies. DHA percentage in cord serum total lipids (P = 0.029) and lyso-PL (P = 0.169) were reduced in GDM. Placental MFSD2a was reduced in both GDM groups and was positively correlated to DHA values in cord serum total lipids (r = 0.388, P = 0.003). Among established placental lipid carriers, only FATP4 was correlated to DHA concentration in placental lyso-PL. In all compartments, DHA percentage was inversely correlated to fetal abdominal circumference."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Diabetes, Gestational",
"Diet",
"Docosahexaenoic Acids",
"Fatty Acid Transport Proteins",
"Fatty Acids",
"Female",
"Fetal Blood",
"Fetus",
"Gestational Age",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Phospholipids",
"Placenta",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Trimester, Third",
"Prospective Studies",
"Tumor Suppressor Proteins",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In offspring of women with GDM treated either with diet or insulin, higher fetal fat accretion and lower placental MFSD2a contribute to reduce DHA availability. Lyso-PL appear to contribute to materno-fetal DHA transport. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is placental MFSD2a transporter related to decreased DHA in cord blood of women with treated gestational diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Maternal-fetal transfer of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is impaired by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. MFSD2a was recently recognized as a lyso-phospholipid (lyso-PL) transporter that facilitates DHA accretion in brain. The role of this transporter in placenta is uncertain. We evaluated effects of GDM and its treatment (diet or insulin) on phospholipid species, fatty acid profile in women, cord blood and placental fatty acid carriers.', 'Prospective observational study of pregnant women recruited in the third trimester (25 controls, 23 GDM-diet, 20 GDM-insulin). Fetal ultrasound was performed at gestational week 38. At delivery, maternal and neonatal anthropometry was performed, and fatty acids in total lipids and phospholipid species were analyzed in placenta, maternal and venous cord blood. Western-blot analyses were performed for placental fatty acid carriers.', 'Fetal abdominal circumference z-score at 38 weeks tended to higher values in GDM (P\\xa0=\\xa00.071), pointing toward higher fetal fat accretion in these babies. DHA percentage in cord serum total lipids (P\\xa0=\\xa00.029) and lyso-PL (P\\xa0=\\xa00.169) were reduced in GDM. Placental MFSD2a was reduced in both GDM groups and was positively correlated to DHA values in cord serum total lipids (r\\xa0=\\xa00.388, P\\xa0=\\xa00.003). Among established placental lipid carriers, only FATP4 was correlated to DHA concentration in placental lyso-PL. In all compartments, DHA percentage was inversely correlated to fetal abdominal circumference.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Diet', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Fatty Acid Transport Proteins', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Phospholipids', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Third', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,853,239 | Does branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuate a decrease in power-producing ability following acute strength training? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on recovery of power-producing ability following a strength training (ST) session.",
"Eleven resistance-trained males, performed baseline measures of a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a seated shot-put throw (SSPT). In a counterbalanced fashion, participants were provided with either 20-g of BCAA or a placebo. Each dose was divided into two equal quantities and consumed before and after a ST session consisting of various multi-joint barbell exercises. For both conditions, the CMJ and SSPT were repeated at 24-h post-ST, in addition participants attributed their perceived muscle soreness level via a 200-mm visual analogue scale.",
"Following ST there were significant decrements in CMJ (Baseline; 55.2 ± 7.4-cm, BCAA; 52.8 ± 5.9-cm Placebo; 50.6 ± 7.3-cm) and SSPT (Baseline; 4.55 ± 0.56-m, BCAA; 4.37 ± 0.61-m, Placebo; 4.22 ± 0.64- m) for both conditions in comparison to baseline values (P < 0.05). However, BCAA was shown to attenuate the decrements in CMJ and SSPT performance compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Muscle soreness was significantly increased following ST for both conditions, however there were no differences in attributed values following BCAA and placebo ingestion."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Physiological",
"Amino Acids, Branched-Chain",
"Athletes",
"Athletic Performance",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Muscle Fatigue",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Myalgia",
"Pain Measurement",
"Plyometric Exercise",
"Resistance Training",
"Young Adult"
]
} | BCAA administered acutely before and following intensive ST attenuates a decrease in power-producing ability experienced by resistance-trained males. The apparent small but significant effects on functional power suggest that BCAA is an effective ergogenic aid for athletes who require augmented recovery of power-producing ability following intensive ST. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuate a decrease in power-producing ability following acute strength training?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study aimed to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on recovery of power-producing ability following a strength training (ST) session.', 'Eleven resistance-trained males, performed baseline measures of a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a seated shot-put throw (SSPT). In a counterbalanced fashion, participants were provided with either 20-g of BCAA or a placebo. Each dose was divided into two equal quantities and consumed before and after a ST session consisting of various multi-joint barbell exercises. For both conditions, the CMJ and SSPT were repeated at 24-h post-ST, in addition participants attributed their perceived muscle soreness level via a 200-mm visual analogue scale.', 'Following ST there were significant decrements in CMJ (Baseline; 55.2 ± 7.4-cm, BCAA; 52.8 ± 5.9-cm Placebo; 50.6 ± 7.3-cm) and SSPT (Baseline; 4.55 ± 0.56-m, BCAA; 4.37 ± 0.61-m, Placebo; 4.22 ± 0.64- m) for both conditions in comparison to baseline values (P < 0.05). However, BCAA was shown to attenuate the decrements in CMJ and SSPT performance compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Muscle soreness was significantly increased following ST for both conditions, however there were no differences in attributed values following BCAA and placebo ingestion.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Amino Acids, Branched-Chain', 'Athletes', 'Athletic Performance', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myalgia', 'Pain Measurement', 'Plyometric Exercise', 'Resistance Training', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,879,479 | Is receptor for advanced glycation end products expressed on alveolar epithelial cells the main target for hyperoxia-induced lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is abundantly expressed on alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and participates in innate immune responses such as apoptosis and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether RAGE-mediated apoptosis of AECs is associated with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.",
"We used wild-type and RAGE-knockout C57BL6/J mice in this study. In addition, we developed bone marrow chimeric mouse models expressing RAGE on hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells, including lung parenchymal cells, and compared survival ratios and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier after hyperoxia exposure. Further, we prepared single cell suspensions of lung cells and evaluated the apoptosis of AECs or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) by using a combination of antibodies and JC-1 dye. We also examined whether RAGE inhibition decreased hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial cells in vitro.",
"After hyperoxia exposure, mice expressing RAGE on lung cells showed lower survival rate and increased alveolar-capillary permeability than mice expressing RAGE on hematopoietic cells. RAGE-expressing AECs showed significantly higher apoptosis than RAGE-knockout AECs after in vivo hyperoxia exposure. The level of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis was not different in MVECs. However, RAGE-null lung epithelial cells showed lower apoptosis than RAGE-expressing cells in vitro."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alveolar Epithelial Cells",
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Hypoxia",
"Lung Injury",
"Male",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products"
]
} | These results indicated that RAGE on AECs mainly contributed to hyperoxia-induced lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is receptor for advanced glycation end products expressed on alveolar epithelial cells the main target for hyperoxia-induced lung injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is abundantly expressed on alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and participates in innate immune responses such as apoptosis and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether RAGE-mediated apoptosis of AECs is associated with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.', 'We used wild-type and RAGE-knockout C57BL6/J mice in this study. In addition, we developed bone marrow chimeric mouse models expressing RAGE on hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells, including lung parenchymal cells, and compared survival ratios and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier after hyperoxia exposure. Further, we prepared single cell suspensions of lung cells and evaluated the apoptosis of AECs or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) by using a combination of antibodies and JC-1 dye. We also examined whether RAGE inhibition decreased hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial cells in vitro.', 'After hyperoxia exposure, mice expressing RAGE on lung cells showed lower survival rate and increased alveolar-capillary permeability than mice expressing RAGE on hematopoietic cells. RAGE-expressing AECs showed significantly higher apoptosis than RAGE-knockout AECs after in vivo hyperoxia exposure. The level of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis was not different in MVECs. However, RAGE-null lung epithelial cells showed lower apoptosis than RAGE-expressing cells in vitro.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alveolar Epithelial Cells', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Hypoxia', 'Lung Injury', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,879,046 | Are isolated tumor cells in stage I & II colon cancer patients associated with significantly worse disease-free and overall survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Lymph node (LN) involvement represents the strongest prognostic factor in colon cancer patients. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic impact of isolated tumor cells (ITC, defined as cell deposits ≤ 0.2 mm) in loco-regional LN of stage I & II colon cancer patients.",
"Seventy-four stage I & II colon cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in the present study. LN at high risk of harboring ITC were identified via an in vivo sentinel lymph node procedure and analyzed with multilevel sectioning, conventional H&E and immunohistochemical CK-19 staining. The impact of ITC on survival was assessed using Cox regression analyses.",
"Median follow-up was 4.6 years. ITC were detected in locoregional lymph nodes of 23 patients (31.1%). The presence of ITC was associated with a significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 4.73, p = 0.005). Similarly, ITC were associated with significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio = 3.50, p = 0.043)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | This study provides compelling evidence that ITC in stage I & II colon cancer patients are associated with significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. Based on these data, the presence of ITC should be classified as a high risk factor in stage I & II colon cancer patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are isolated tumor cells in stage I & II colon cancer patients associated with significantly worse disease-free and overall survival?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lymph node (LN) involvement represents the strongest prognostic factor in colon cancer patients. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic impact of isolated tumor cells (ITC, defined as cell deposits ≤ 0.2 mm) in loco-regional LN of stage I & II colon cancer patients.', 'Seventy-four stage I & II colon cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in the present study. LN at high risk of harboring ITC were identified via an in vivo sentinel lymph node procedure and analyzed with multilevel sectioning, conventional H&E and immunohistochemical CK-19 staining. The impact of ITC on survival was assessed using Cox regression analyses.', 'Median follow-up was 4.6 years. ITC were detected in locoregional lymph nodes of 23 patients (31.1%). The presence of ITC was associated with a significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 4.73, p = 0.005). Similarly, ITC were associated with significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio = 3.50, p = 0.043).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,867,163 | Does human papillomavirus vaccination induce neutralising antibodies in oral mucosal fluids? | {
"contexts": [
"Mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of cancers and papillomas of the anogenital and oropharyngeal tract. HPV-vaccination elicits neutralising antibodies in sera and cervicovaginal secretions and protects uninfected individuals from persistent anogenital infection and associated diseases caused by the vaccine-targeted HPV types. Whether immunisation can prevent oropharyngeal infection and diseases and whether neutralising antibodies represent the correlate of protection, is still unclear.",
"We determined IgG and neutralising antibodies against low-risk HPV6 and high-risk HPV16/18 in sera and oral fluids from healthy females (n=20) before and after quadrivalent HPV-vaccination and compared the results with non-vaccinated controls.",
"HPV-vaccination induced type-specific antibodies in sera and oral fluids of the vaccinees. Importantly, the antibodies in oral fluids were capable of neutralising HPV pseudovirions in vitro, indicating protection from infection. The increased neutralising antibody levels against HPV16/18 in sera and oral fluids post-vaccination correlated significantly within an individual."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Neutralizing",
"Antibodies, Viral",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Mouth Mucosa",
"Papillomaviridae",
"Papillomavirus Infections",
"Papillomavirus Vaccines",
"Saliva",
"Young Adult"
]
} | We provide experimental proof that HPV-vaccination elicits neutralising antibodies to the vaccine-targeted types in oral fluids. Hence, immunisation may confer direct protection against type-specific HPV infection and associated diseases of the oropharyngeal tract. Measurement of antibodies in oral fluids represents a suitable tool to assess vaccine-induced protection within the mucosal milieu of the orophayrynx. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does human papillomavirus vaccination induce neutralising antibodies in oral mucosal fluids?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of cancers and papillomas of the anogenital and oropharyngeal tract. HPV-vaccination elicits neutralising antibodies in sera and cervicovaginal secretions and protects uninfected individuals from persistent anogenital infection and associated diseases caused by the vaccine-targeted HPV types. Whether immunisation can prevent oropharyngeal infection and diseases and whether neutralising antibodies represent the correlate of protection, is still unclear.', 'We determined IgG and neutralising antibodies against low-risk HPV6 and high-risk HPV16/18 in sera and oral fluids from healthy females (n=20) before and after quadrivalent HPV-vaccination and compared the results with non-vaccinated controls.', 'HPV-vaccination induced type-specific antibodies in sera and oral fluids of the vaccinees. Importantly, the antibodies in oral fluids were capable of neutralising HPV pseudovirions in vitro, indicating protection from infection. The increased neutralising antibody levels against HPV16/18 in sera and oral fluids post-vaccination correlated significantly within an individual.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Papillomavirus Vaccines', 'Saliva', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,855,236 | Does large Size Hemicraniectomy reduce Early Herniation in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) reduces mortality and improves outcome after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) but early in-hospital mortality remains high between 22 and 33%. Possibly, this circumstance is driven by cerebral herniation due to space-occupying brain swelling despite decompressive surgery. As the size of the removed bone flap may vary considerably between surgeons, a size too small could foster herniation. Here, we investigated the effect of the additional volume created by an extended DHC (eDHC) on early in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from MMI.",
"We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 97 patients with MMI that were treated either with eDHC (n = 40) or standard DHC (sDHC; n = 57) between January 2006 and June 2012. The primary study end point was defined as in-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation.",
"In-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation was significantly lower after eDHC (0 vs. 11%; p = 0.04), which was paralleled by a significantly larger volume of the craniectomy (p < 0.001) and less cerebral swelling (eDHC 21% vs. sDHC 25%; p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were found in surgical or non-surgical complications and postoperative intensive care treatment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Brain Edema",
"Decompressive Craniectomy",
"Encephalocele",
"Female",
"Germany",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Humans",
"Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Protective Factors",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Despite a more aggressive surgical approach, eDHC may reduce early in-hospital mortality and limit transtentorial herniation. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm our results and assess general safety of eDHC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does large Size Hemicraniectomy reduce Early Herniation in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) reduces mortality and improves outcome after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) but early in-hospital mortality remains high between 22 and 33%. Possibly, this circumstance is driven by cerebral herniation due to space-occupying brain swelling despite decompressive surgery. As the size of the removed bone flap may vary considerably between surgeons, a size too small could foster herniation. Here, we investigated the effect of the additional volume created by an extended DHC (eDHC) on early in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from MMI.', 'We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 97 patients with MMI that were treated either with eDHC (n = 40) or standard DHC (sDHC; n = 57) between January 2006 and June 2012. The primary study end point was defined as in-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation.', 'In-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation was significantly lower after eDHC (0 vs. 11%; p = 0.04), which was paralleled by a significantly larger volume of the craniectomy (p < 0.001) and less cerebral swelling (eDHC 21% vs. sDHC 25%; p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were found in surgical or non-surgical complications and postoperative intensive care treatment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Brain Edema', 'Decompressive Craniectomy', 'Encephalocele', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protective Factors', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,855,372 | Are failure of tooth eruption and brachydactyly in pseudohypoparathyroidism related to plasma parathyroid hormone-related protein levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a genetic disorder characterized by resistance to the peripheral action of PTH due to maternally inherited heterozygous inactivating mutations in the coding sequence of Gsα or intronic regions of GNAS leading to aberrant splice variants (PHP1A), or methylation defects at GNAS (PHP1B). Brachydactyly is a clinical feature associated with both PHP1A and PHP1B, although it is more frequent in PHP1A patients. Loss-of-function mutations in PTHLH, the gene coding for parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) were previously described in some patients with brachydactyly. Primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE) is related to some syndromes involving skeletal development, but it is also known as a nonsyndromic autosomal dominant condition. Previous studies showed that familial nonsyndromic PFE is caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the G protein-coupled receptor (PTH1R) for PTH and PTHrP. Thus, we hypothesized that PTHrP resistance could result in failure of tooth eruption (FTE) and/or brachydactyly in PHP.",
"Nineteen patients with a molecular diagnosis of PHP underwent dental panoramic radiography (DPR), hand radiography and had their PTHrP levels measured. Patients with alterations at DPR were submitted to clinical dental evaluation.",
"Nine patients had FTE and 7 patients had brachydactyly; 4 patients presented both features and none of them presented high PTHrP levels. Fourteen patients had PTHrP levels within the normal range and only one patient had slightly elevated PTHrP levels. Additionally, three novel GNAS mutations were described."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Brachydactyly",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein",
"Pseudohypoparathyroidism",
"Tooth Eruption",
"Young Adult"
]
} | We described the dental abnormalities in a large series of PHP patients that were followed in a single tertiary center. No relationship between plasma PTHrP levels and failure of tooth eruption, dental manifestations of PHP or brachydactyly was found. It is important that doctors pay attention to dental manifestations of the disease in order to refer patients to a proper care with dentists. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are failure of tooth eruption and brachydactyly in pseudohypoparathyroidism related to plasma parathyroid hormone-related protein levels?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a genetic disorder characterized by resistance to the peripheral action of PTH due to maternally inherited heterozygous inactivating mutations in the coding sequence of Gsα or intronic regions of GNAS leading to aberrant splice variants (PHP1A), or methylation defects at GNAS (PHP1B). Brachydactyly is a clinical feature associated with both PHP1A and PHP1B, although it is more frequent in PHP1A patients. Loss-of-function mutations in PTHLH, the gene coding for parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) were previously described in some patients with brachydactyly. Primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE) is related to some syndromes involving skeletal development, but it is also known as a nonsyndromic autosomal dominant condition. Previous studies showed that familial nonsyndromic PFE is caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the G protein-coupled receptor (PTH1R) for PTH and PTHrP. Thus, we hypothesized that PTHrP resistance could result in failure of tooth eruption (FTE) and/or brachydactyly in PHP.', 'Nineteen patients with a molecular diagnosis of PHP underwent dental panoramic radiography (DPR), hand radiography and had their PTHrP levels measured. Patients with alterations at DPR were submitted to clinical dental evaluation.', 'Nine patients had FTE and 7 patients had brachydactyly; 4 patients presented both features and none of them presented high PTHrP levels. Fourteen patients had PTHrP levels within the normal range and only one patient had slightly elevated PTHrP levels. Additionally, three novel GNAS mutations were described.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Brachydactyly', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein', 'Pseudohypoparathyroidism', 'Tooth Eruption', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,865,584 | Are adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated 19-carbon steroids the dominant androgens in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"To comprehensively characterize androgens and androgen precursors in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and to gain insights into the mechanisms of their formation.",
"Serum samples were obtained from 38 patients (19 men) with classic 21OHD, aged 3-59, and 38 sex- and age-matched controls; 3 patients with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency; 4 patients with adrenal insufficiency; and 16 patients (8 men) undergoing adrenal vein sampling. Paraffin-embedded normal (n = 5) and 21OHD adrenal tissues (n = 3) were used for immunohistochemical studies.",
"We measured 11 steroids in all sera by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immunofluroescence localized 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD3B2) and cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) within the normal and 21OHD adrenals.",
"Four 11-oxygenated 19-carbon (11oxC19) steroids were significantly higher in male and female 21OHD patients than in controls: 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketoandrostenedione 11β-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone (3-4-fold, P < 0.0001). For 21OHD patients, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were positively correlated in females, but inversely correlated in males. All 11oxC19 steroids were higher in the adrenal vein than in the inferior vena cava samples from men and women and rose with cosyntropin stimulation. Only trace amounts of 11oxC19 steroids were found in the sera of patients with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency and adrenal insufficiency, confirming their adrenal origin. HSD3B2 and CYB5A immunoreactivities were sharply segregated in the normal adrenal glands, whereas areas of overlapping expression were identified in the 21OHD adrenals."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ketosteroids",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sex Factors",
"Testosterone",
"Young Adult"
]
} | All four 11oxC19 steroids are elevated in both men and women with classic 21OHD. Our data suggest that 11oxC19 steroids are specific biomarkers of adrenal-derived androgen excess. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated 19-carbon steroids the dominant androgens in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To comprehensively characterize androgens and androgen precursors in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and to gain insights into the mechanisms of their formation.', 'Serum samples were obtained from 38 patients (19 men) with classic 21OHD, aged 3-59, and 38 sex- and age-matched controls; 3 patients with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency; 4 patients with adrenal insufficiency; and 16 patients (8 men) undergoing adrenal vein sampling. Paraffin-embedded normal (n = 5) and 21OHD adrenal tissues (n = 3) were used for immunohistochemical studies.', 'We measured 11 steroids in all sera by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immunofluroescence localized 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD3B2) and cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) within the normal and 21OHD adrenals.', 'Four 11-oxygenated 19-carbon (11oxC19) steroids were significantly higher in male and female 21OHD patients than in controls: 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketoandrostenedione 11β-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone (3-4-fold, P < 0.0001). For 21OHD patients, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were positively correlated in females, but inversely correlated in males. All 11oxC19 steroids were higher in the adrenal vein than in the inferior vena cava samples from men and women and rose with cosyntropin stimulation. Only trace amounts of 11oxC19 steroids were found in the sera of patients with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency and adrenal insufficiency, confirming their adrenal origin. HSD3B2 and CYB5A immunoreactivities were sharply segregated in the normal adrenal glands, whereas areas of overlapping expression were identified in the 21OHD adrenals.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ketosteroids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Testosterone', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,865,585 | Does diffuse parathyroid hormone expression in parathyroid tumors argue against important functional tumor subclones? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually characterized by a monoclonal parathyroid tumor secreting excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main regulator of PTH secretion is calcium and the calcium-PTH set point is shifted in parathyroid tumor cells. We sought to investigate the relationship between tumor PTH and PTH mRNA expression and clinical presentation as well as the regulatory factors including phosphate, vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23.",
"A total of 154 parathyroid tumors were analyzed by PTH immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization of PTH mRNA. A subset of samples (n = 34) was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR.",
"Low tumor PTH mRNA level was significantly associated with low tumor PTH immunoreactivity (P = 0.026), but the two did not correlate with regard to histological distribution within individual tumors. Tumors displaying reduced PTH mRNA levels as compared with normal rim were significantly larger (P = 0.013) and showed higher expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) (P = 0.046). Weaker tumor PTH mRNA level was significantly associated with higher concentration of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P = 0.005). No significant correlation was seen between PTH immunoreactivity and patient biochemistry. Tumor weight was strongly associated with circulatory concentrations of calcium and PTH."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoma",
"Calcium",
"Cohort Studies",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Parathyroid Hormone",
"Parathyroid Neoplasms",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Vitamin D"
]
} | No areas with apparently higher PTH expression were identified, perhaps suggesting that hyper functioning parathyroid tumor subclones should be rare. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may influence tumor PTH expression in vivo. If PTH immunoreactivity reflects the tumor calcium-PTH set point, our data imply that the main determinant of disease severity should be tumor weight. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does diffuse parathyroid hormone expression in parathyroid tumors argue against important functional tumor subclones?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually characterized by a monoclonal parathyroid tumor secreting excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main regulator of PTH secretion is calcium and the calcium-PTH set point is shifted in parathyroid tumor cells. We sought to investigate the relationship between tumor PTH and PTH mRNA expression and clinical presentation as well as the regulatory factors including phosphate, vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23.', 'A total of 154 parathyroid tumors were analyzed by PTH immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization of PTH mRNA. A subset of samples (n = 34) was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR.', 'Low tumor PTH mRNA level was significantly associated with low tumor PTH immunoreactivity (P = 0.026), but the two did not correlate with regard to histological distribution within individual tumors. Tumors displaying reduced PTH mRNA levels as compared with normal rim were significantly larger (P = 0.013) and showed higher expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) (P = 0.046). Weaker tumor PTH mRNA level was significantly associated with higher concentration of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P = 0.005). No significant correlation was seen between PTH immunoreactivity and patient biochemistry. Tumor weight was strongly associated with circulatory concentrations of calcium and PTH.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoma', 'Calcium', 'Cohort Studies', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vitamin D']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,853,120 | Does a Common Polymorphism in a Williams Syndrome Gene predict Amygdala Reactivity and Extraversion in Healthy Adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder resulting from hemizygous microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23, has emerged as a model for identifying the genetic architecture of socioemotional behavior. Common polymorphisms in GTF2I, which is found within the WS microdeletion, have been associated with reduced social anxiety in the general population. Identifying neural phenotypes affected by these polymorphisms would help advance our understanding not only of this specific genetic association but also of the broader neurogenetic mechanisms of variability in socioemotional behavior.",
"Through an ongoing parent protocol, the Duke Neurogenetics Study, we measured threat-related amygdala reactivity to fearful and angry facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging, assessed trait personality using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and imputed GTF2I rs13227433 from saliva-derived DNA using custom Illumina arrays. Participants included 808 non-Hispanic Caucasian, African American, and Asian university students.",
"The GTF2I rs13227433 AA genotype, previously associated with lower social anxiety, predicted decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity. An indirect effect of GTF2I genotype on the warmth facet of extraversion was mediated by decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity in women but not men."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Amygdala",
"Brain Mapping",
"Extraversion (Psychology)",
"Facial Expression",
"Female",
"Functional Laterality",
"Genetic Association Studies",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Phobia, Social",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Sex Factors",
"Transcription Factors, TFII",
"Williams Syndrome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | A common polymorphism in the WS gene GTF2I associated with reduced social anxiety predicts decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity, which mediates an association between genotype and increased warmth in women. These results are consistent with reduced threat-related amygdala reactivity in WS and suggest that common variation in GTF2I contributes to broader variability in socioemotional brain function and behavior, with implications for understanding the neurogenetic bases of WS as well as social anxiety. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a Common Polymorphism in a Williams Syndrome Gene predict Amygdala Reactivity and Extraversion in Healthy Adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder resulting from hemizygous microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23, has emerged as a model for identifying the genetic architecture of socioemotional behavior. Common polymorphisms in GTF2I, which is found within the WS microdeletion, have been associated with reduced social anxiety in the general population. Identifying neural phenotypes affected by these polymorphisms would help advance our understanding not only of this specific genetic association but also of the broader neurogenetic mechanisms of variability in socioemotional behavior.', 'Through an ongoing parent protocol, the Duke Neurogenetics Study, we measured threat-related amygdala reactivity to fearful and angry facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging, assessed trait personality using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and imputed GTF2I rs13227433 from saliva-derived DNA using custom Illumina arrays. Participants included 808 non-Hispanic Caucasian, African American, and Asian university students.', 'The GTF2I rs13227433 AA genotype, previously associated with lower social anxiety, predicted decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity. An indirect effect of GTF2I genotype on the warmth facet of extraversion was mediated by decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity in women but not men.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amygdala', 'Brain Mapping', 'Extraversion (Psychology)', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Phobia, Social', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sex Factors', 'Transcription Factors, TFII', 'Williams Syndrome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,878,267 | Do community prevalence of long-term urinary catheters use in England? | {
"contexts": [
"To calculate the prevalence of long term catheter use in the community in two areas in the south and west of England.",
"People in England register with general practices to access health care through a National Health Service. Catheters are provided by prescription free of charge. In 2008, patients using urinary catheters for over 3 months were identified, and demographic information collected, from databases of general practices, using catheter prescribing records. The age and sex distributions of people in each practice were obtained from capitation claims. Overall, and age and sex-specific prevalence were calculated separately for each area, and compared.",
"A total of 583 long term catheter users (329 south, 254 west) were identified from 404,328 people registered with practices. The overall population prevalence is similar in both locations (0.146% southern, 0.141% western). Extrapolating for the United Kingdom, this is over 90,000 long term catheter users. Prevalence increases with age (0.732% in over 70 years, 1.224% over 80), especially amongst men. Overall, higher proportions have neurological (vs. non-neurological) reasons (62.9% vs. 37.1%) and use urethral (vs. suprapubic) catheters (59.7% vs. 40.3%). Compared to men, more women tend to use suprapubic (56.4% vs. 29.3%) and have a catheter for neurological reasons (71.8% vs. 56.2%, P = 0.053)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"UNASSIGNED",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Catheters, Indwelling",
"England",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sex Factors",
"Urinary Catheterization",
"Urinary Catheters"
]
} | Previous evidence on prevalence of long term catheter use is sparse, and of variable quality. The strength of this study is utilisation of a reliable source of data (catheter prescriptions) from a large population of patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do community prevalence of long-term urinary catheters use in England?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To calculate the prevalence of long term catheter use in the community in two areas in the south and west of England.', 'People in England register with general practices to access health care through a National Health Service. Catheters are provided by prescription free of charge. In 2008, patients using urinary catheters for over 3 months were identified, and demographic information collected, from databases of general practices, using catheter prescribing records. The age and sex distributions of people in each practice were obtained from capitation claims. Overall, and age and sex-specific prevalence were calculated separately for each area, and compared.', 'A total of 583 long term catheter users (329 south, 254 west) were identified from 404,328 people registered with practices. The overall population prevalence is similar in both locations (0.146% southern, 0.141% western). Extrapolating for the United Kingdom, this is over 90,000 long term catheter users. Prevalence increases with age (0.732% in over 70 years, 1.224% over 80), especially amongst men. Overall, higher proportions have neurological (vs. non-neurological) reasons (62.9% vs. 37.1%) and use urethral (vs. suprapubic) catheters (59.7% vs. 40.3%). Compared to men, more women tend to use suprapubic (56.4% vs. 29.3%) and have a catheter for neurological reasons (71.8% vs. 56.2%, P\\u2009=\\u20090.053).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'UNASSIGNED', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'England', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Catheters']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,852,195 | Does subjective memory decline predict greater rates of clinical progression in preclinical Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine the utility of subjective memory decline (SMD) to predict episodic memory change and rates of clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults with evidence of high β-amyloid burden (CN Aβ+).",
"Fifty-eight CN Aβ+ participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study responded to an SMD questionnaire and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Participant data for three follow-up assessments were analyzed.",
"In CN Aβ+, subjects with high SMD did not exhibit significantly greater episodic memory decline than those with low SMD. High SMD was related to greater rates of progression to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia (hazard ratio = 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-20.0, P = .02) compared with low SMD. High SMD was associated with greater depressive symptomatology and smaller left hippocampal volume."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Amyloid beta-Peptides",
"Australia",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Memory, Episodic",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Prodromal Symptoms",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | High SMD is a harbinger of greater rates of clinical progression in preclinical AD. Although SMD reflects broader diagnostic implications for CN Aβ+, more sensitive measures may be required to detect early subtle cognitive change. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does subjective memory decline predict greater rates of clinical progression in preclinical Alzheimer 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine the utility of subjective memory decline (SMD) to predict episodic memory change and rates of clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults with evidence of high β-amyloid burden (CN Aβ+).', 'Fifty-eight CN Aβ+ participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study responded to an SMD questionnaire and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Participant data for three follow-up assessments were analyzed.', \"In CN Aβ+, subjects with high SMD did not exhibit significantly greater episodic memory decline than those with low SMD. High SMD was related to greater rates of progression to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia (hazard ratio\\xa0=\\xa05.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-20.0, P\\xa0=\\xa0.02) compared with low SMD. High SMD was associated with greater depressive symptomatology and smaller left hippocampal volume.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Australia', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Episodic', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Prodromal Symptoms', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,856,537 | Does inter-tissue coexpression network analysis reveal DPP4 as an important gene in heart to blood communication? | {
"contexts": [
"Inter-tissue molecular interactions are critical to the function and behavior of biological systems in multicellular organisms, but systematic studies of interactions between tissues are lacking. Also, existing studies of inter-tissue interactions are based on direct gene expression correlations, which can't distinguish correlations due to common genetic architectures versus biochemical or molecular signal exchange between tissues.",
"We developed a novel strategy to study inter-tissue interaction by removing effects of genetic regulation of gene expression (genetic decorrelation). We applied our method to the comprehensive atlas of gene expression across nine human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to generate novel genetically decorrelated inter-tissue networks. From this we derived modules of genes important in inter-tissue interactions that are likely driven by biological signal exchange instead of their common genetic basis. Importantly we highlighted communication between tissues and elucidated gene activities in one tissue inducing gene expression changes in others.",
"We reveal global unidirectional inter-tissue coordination of specific biological pathways such as protein synthesis. Using our data, we highlighted a clinically relevant example whereby heart expression of DPP4 was coordinated with a gene expression signature characteristic for whole blood proliferation, potentially impacting peripheral stem cell mobilization. We also showed that expression of the poorly characterized FOCAD in heart correlated with protein biosynthetic processes in the lung."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Blood Cells",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Computational Biology",
"Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Myocardium",
"Organ Specificity",
"Sequence Analysis, RNA",
"Tissue Distribution",
"Tumor Suppressor Proteins"
]
} | In summary, this is the first resource of human multi-tissue networks enabling the investigation of molecular inter-tissue interactions. With the networks in hand, we may systematically design combination therapies that simultaneously target multiple tissues or pinpoint potential side effects of a drug in other tissues. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inter-tissue coexpression network analysis reveal DPP4 as an important gene in heart to blood communication?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Inter-tissue molecular interactions are critical to the function and behavior of biological systems in multicellular organisms, but systematic studies of interactions between tissues are lacking. Also, existing studies of inter-tissue interactions are based on direct gene expression correlations, which can't distinguish correlations due to common genetic architectures versus biochemical or molecular signal exchange between tissues.\", 'We developed a novel strategy to study inter-tissue interaction by removing effects of genetic regulation of gene expression (genetic decorrelation). We applied our method to the comprehensive atlas of gene expression across nine human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to generate novel genetically decorrelated inter-tissue networks. From this we derived modules of genes important in inter-tissue interactions that are likely driven by biological signal exchange instead of their common genetic basis. Importantly we highlighted communication between tissues and elucidated gene activities in one tissue inducing gene expression changes in others.', 'We reveal global unidirectional inter-tissue coordination of specific biological pathways such as protein synthesis. Using our data, we highlighted a clinically relevant example whereby heart expression of DPP4 was coordinated with a gene expression signature characteristic for whole blood proliferation, potentially impacting peripheral stem cell mobilization. We also showed that expression of the poorly characterized FOCAD in heart correlated with protein biosynthetic processes in the lung.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Blood Cells', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Computational Biology', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Myocardium', 'Organ Specificity', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,872,978 | Are higher mitochondrial potential and elevated mitochondrial respiration associated with excessive activation of blood platelets in diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The high glucose concentration observed in diabetic patients is a recognized factor of mitochondrial damage in various cell types. Its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics in blood platelets remains largely vague. The aim of the study was to determine how the metabolism of carbohydrates, which has been impaired by streptozotocin-induced diabetes may affect the functioning of platelet mitochondria.",
"Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Platelet mitochondrial respiratory capacity was monitored as oxygen consumption (high-resolution respirometry). Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using a fluorescent probe, JC-1. Activation of circulating platelets was monitored by flow cytometry measuring of the expressions of CD61 and CD62P on a blood platelet surface. To determine mitochondrial protein density in platelets, Western Blot technique was used.",
"The results indicate significantly elevated mitochondria mass, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and enhanced respiration in STZ-diabetic animals, although the respiration control ratios appear to remain unchanged. Higher ΔΨm and elevated mitochondrial respiration were closely related to the excessive activation of circulating platelets in diabetic animals."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Platelets",
"Cell Respiration",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Male",
"Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial",
"Mitochondria",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | Long-term diabetes can result in increased mitochondrial mass and may lead to hyperpolarization of blood platelet mitochondrial membrane. These alterations may be a potential underlying cause of abnormal platelet functioning in diabetes mellitus and hence, a potential target for antiplatelet therapies in diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are higher mitochondrial potential and elevated mitochondrial respiration associated with excessive activation of blood platelets in diabetic rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The high glucose concentration observed in diabetic patients is a recognized factor of mitochondrial damage in various cell types. Its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics in blood platelets remains largely vague. The aim of the study was to determine how the metabolism of carbohydrates, which has been impaired by streptozotocin-induced diabetes may affect the functioning of platelet mitochondria.', 'Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Platelet mitochondrial respiratory capacity was monitored as oxygen consumption (high-resolution respirometry). Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using a fluorescent probe, JC-1. Activation of circulating platelets was monitored by flow cytometry measuring of the expressions of CD61 and CD62P on a blood platelet surface. To determine mitochondrial protein density in platelets, Western Blot technique was used.', 'The results indicate significantly elevated mitochondria mass, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and enhanced respiration in STZ-diabetic animals, although the respiration control ratios appear to remain unchanged. Higher ΔΨm and elevated mitochondrial respiration were closely related to the excessive activation of circulating platelets in diabetic animals.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Respiration', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Male', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,876,958 | Is hAL-RAR ( Doppler guided haemorrhoid artery ligation with recto-anal repair ) a safe and effective procedure for haemorrhoids . Results of a prospective study after two-years follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyse prospectively results of HAL-RAR technique by evaluating pain, perioperative complications and clinical outcome after two years followup.",
"A prospective study design including 30 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids grade III-IV treated from June 2012. After discharge, patients received a specific questionnaire to record postoperative pain, delayed complications, evolution/disappearance of the symptoms that led to the surgical intervention (bleeding, prolapse, itching, pain and soiling). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain. Outpatient follow-up was carried out at 7 days, and 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Pre, intra and postoperative data (including physical examination) had been recorded prospectively.",
"The median operating time (range) was 40 (26-60) minutes. Average hospital stay (range) was 11 (3-25) hours. No postoperative complications were observed in 29 cases (96.6%). Median follow-up was 26 (12-36) months. All the patients attended the follow-up. Mean postoperative pain was VAS = 1.7 on the seventh day and it was practically non-existent (VAS = 0.7) 1 month after the procedure. 87.5% of patients confirmed complete relief of symptoms after 30 days and 93% of patients feel free of symptoms 6 months after the procedure. No patient has experienced late complications as dyschezia, urgency, soiling or faecal incontinence. After 24 months follow-up, recurrence of bleeding and prolapse was observed in only 1 patient; 93% of patients have considered results of HAL-RAR as very good or excellent."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | HAL-RAR is safe and almost painless technique and it has very good results in the control of haemorrhoidal symptoms. This procedure should be considered as an effective first treatment option for haemorrhoids. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hAL-RAR ( Doppler guided haemorrhoid artery ligation with recto-anal repair ) a safe and effective procedure for haemorrhoids . Results of a prospective study after two-years follow-up?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To analyse prospectively results of HAL-RAR technique by evaluating pain, perioperative complications and clinical outcome after two years followup.', 'A prospective study design including 30 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids grade III-IV treated from June 2012. After discharge, patients received a specific questionnaire to record postoperative pain, delayed complications, evolution/disappearance of the symptoms that led to the surgical intervention (bleeding, prolapse, itching, pain and soiling). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain. Outpatient follow-up was carried out at 7 days, and 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Pre, intra and postoperative data (including physical examination) had been recorded prospectively.', 'The median operating time (range) was 40 (26-60) minutes. Average hospital stay (range) was 11 (3-25) hours. No postoperative complications were observed in 29 cases (96.6%). Median follow-up was 26 (12-36) months. All the patients attended the follow-up. Mean postoperative pain was VAS\\xa0=\\xa01.7 on the seventh day and it was practically non-existent (VAS\\xa0=\\xa00.7) 1 month after the procedure. 87.5% of patients confirmed complete relief of symptoms after 30 days and 93% of patients feel free of symptoms 6 months after the procedure. No patient has experienced late complications as dyschezia, urgency, soiling or faecal incontinence. After 24 months follow-up, recurrence of bleeding and prolapse was observed in only 1 patient; 93% of patients have considered results of HAL-RAR as very good or excellent.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,851,540 | Does sMicroRNA-1290 inhibit cells proliferation and migration by targeting FOXA1 in gastric cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with high mortality rate due to the lack of markers in early detection and effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a critical part of epigenetic regulations in tumor, have been shown to be closely related to the initiation, development, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. The present study aims to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and to elucidate the target gene of miR-1290 in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells.",
"The fluorescence in situ hybridization, real time PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and clinical gastric tumor samples. The effect of miR-1290 expression on gastric tumor cells was studied using Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection, in vitro wound healing assay and flow cytometry analysis. Bioinformatics and Luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and validate the target gene of miR-1290.",
"Our results revealed that miR-1290 was highly expressed in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells as well as in clinical gastric cancer samples, which was correlated with clinical stages, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-1290 functioned in gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXA1 gene."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Apoptosis",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, Reporter",
"Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence",
"Luciferases",
"Male",
"MicroRNAs",
"Middle Aged",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Transfection",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | miR-1290 promotes gastric tumor cells proliferation and metastasis through FOXA1, which could be used as a marker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does sMicroRNA-1290 inhibit cells proliferation and migration by targeting FOXA1 in gastric cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with high mortality rate due to the lack of markers in early detection and effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a critical part of epigenetic regulations in tumor, have been shown to be closely related to the initiation, development, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. The present study aims to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and to elucidate the target gene of miR-1290 in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells.', 'The fluorescence in situ hybridization, real time PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and clinical gastric tumor samples. The effect of miR-1290 expression on gastric tumor cells was studied using Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection, in vitro wound healing assay and flow cytometry analysis. Bioinformatics and Luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and validate the target gene of miR-1290.', 'Our results revealed that miR-1290 was highly expressed in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells as well as in clinical gastric cancer samples, which was correlated with clinical stages, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-1290 functioned in gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXA1 gene.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Luciferases', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Transfection', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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