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12,775,790 | Does register based monitoring show decreasing socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies on differences in infant outcome by socioeconomic position have been done, but these have usually been based on ad hoc data linkages. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether socioeconomic differences in perinatal health in Finland could be regularly monitored using routinely collected data from one single register.",
"Since October 1990, the Finnish Medical Birth Register (MBR) has included data on maternal occupation. A special computer program that converted the occupation name into an occupational code and into a socioeconomic position was prepared. Perinatal health was measured with five different indicators. The Finnish MBR data for years 1991 to 1999 (n=565 863 newborns) were used in the study. The study period was divided into three, three year periods to study time trends.",
"An occupational code was derived for 95% of women, but it was not possible to define a socioeconomic position for 22% of women, including, for example, students and housewives (the group \"Others\"). For the rest, the data showed socioeconomic differences in all perinatal health indicators. Maternal smoking explained up to half of the excess risk for adverse perinatal outcome in the lowest socioeconomic group. The socioeconomic differences narrowed during the 1990s: infant outcome improved in the lowest socioeconomic group, but remained at the same level or even deteriorated in other groups. When comparing the lowest group with the highest group, the odds ratios (OR) adjusted for maternal background characteristics at least halved for prematurity (from 1.32 (95% confidence intervals 1.24 to 1.43) in 1991-1993 to 1.16 (1.08 to 1.25) in 1997-1999), for low birth weight (from 1.49 (1.36 to 1.63) to 1.25 (1.17 to 1.40)), and for perinatal mortality (from 1.79 (1.44 to 2.21) to 1.33 (1.07 to 1.66))."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Birth Certificates",
"Child",
"Child Welfare",
"Child, Preschool",
"Data Collection",
"Female",
"Finland",
"Health Status Indicators",
"Humans",
"Infant Welfare",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Odds Ratio",
"Perinatal Care",
"Pregnancy",
"Registries",
"Socioeconomic Factors"
]
} | Social inequality in perinatal health outcomes exists in Finland, but seems to have diminished in the 1990s. These data showed that routinely collected birth register data provide a good source for studies on socioeconomic health differences in the perinatal period, but that uncertainty, mainly attributable to the large group of women with difficult to classify socioeconomic status, remains. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does register based monitoring show decreasing socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several studies on differences in infant outcome by socioeconomic position have been done, but these have usually been based on ad hoc data linkages. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether socioeconomic differences in perinatal health in Finland could be regularly monitored using routinely collected data from one single register.', 'Since October 1990, the Finnish Medical Birth Register (MBR) has included data on maternal occupation. A special computer program that converted the occupation name into an occupational code and into a socioeconomic position was prepared. Perinatal health was measured with five different indicators. The Finnish MBR data for years 1991 to 1999 (n=565 863 newborns) were used in the study. The study period was divided into three, three year periods to study time trends.', 'An occupational code was derived for 95% of women, but it was not possible to define a socioeconomic position for 22% of women, including, for example, students and housewives (the group \"Others\"). For the rest, the data showed socioeconomic differences in all perinatal health indicators. Maternal smoking explained up to half of the excess risk for adverse perinatal outcome in the lowest socioeconomic group. The socioeconomic differences narrowed during the 1990s: infant outcome improved in the lowest socioeconomic group, but remained at the same level or even deteriorated in other groups. When comparing the lowest group with the highest group, the odds ratios (OR) adjusted for maternal background characteristics at least halved for prematurity (from 1.32 (95% confidence intervals 1.24 to 1.43) in 1991-1993 to 1.16 (1.08 to 1.25) in 1997-1999), for low birth weight (from 1.49 (1.36 to 1.63) to 1.25 (1.17 to 1.40)), and for perinatal mortality (from 1.79 (1.44 to 2.21) to 1.33 (1.07 to 1.66)).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Birth Certificates', 'Child', 'Child Welfare', 'Child, Preschool', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Infant Welfare', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Odds Ratio', 'Perinatal Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Registries', 'Socioeconomic Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,765,318 | Does hospital attendance prediction tool also identify impaired quality of life in adults with asthma in general practice? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the ability of an adult risk screening questionnaire (RSQ), previously shown to predict attendance at hospital emergency departments, to identify impaired quality of life in adult patients with asthma in general practice.",
"Baseline data from an RCT of asthma clinics in general practice, using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to measure quality of life.",
"Twelve general practices in Adelaide, Australia.",
"A total of 184 adult asthmatics were recruited, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 50.3 years (16.6 years). Age, gender, weight, number of comorbidities, smoking status, FEV1 and percent predicted FEV1 (pre-and post-bronchodilator), peak flow (pre and post), and RSQ were independently related to SGRQ scores. After adjusting for potential confounders, an RSQ score predictive of hospital attendance was also associated with an average increase (worsening) in SGRQ total score of 11.9 (95% CI: 7.6, 16.3), an average increase in activity score of 9.0 (2.5, 15.5), symptom score of 14.8 (8.6, 21.0), and impact score of 13.1 (8.6, 17.6). These represent clinically significant differences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthma",
"Emergency Service, Hospital",
"Family Practice",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Quality of Life",
"Risk Factors",
"South Australia",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | An RSQ score predictive of hospital attendance should alert the general practitioner to explore and address symptom, activity, and impact domains associated with impaired quality of life in adult asthma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hospital attendance prediction tool also identify impaired quality of life in adults with asthma in general practice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the ability of an adult risk screening questionnaire (RSQ), previously shown to predict attendance at hospital emergency departments, to identify impaired quality of life in adult patients with asthma in general practice.', 'Baseline data from an RCT of asthma clinics in general practice, using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to measure quality of life.', 'Twelve general practices in Adelaide, Australia.', 'A total of 184 adult asthmatics were recruited, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 50.3 years (16.6 years). Age, gender, weight, number of comorbidities, smoking status, FEV1 and percent predicted FEV1 (pre-and post-bronchodilator), peak flow (pre and post), and RSQ were independently related to SGRQ scores. After adjusting for potential confounders, an RSQ score predictive of hospital attendance was also associated with an average increase (worsening) in SGRQ total score of 11.9 (95% CI: 7.6, 16.3), an average increase in activity score of 9.0 (2.5, 15.5), symptom score of 14.8 (8.6, 21.0), and impact score of 13.1 (8.6, 17.6). These represent clinically significant differences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthma', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'South Australia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,595 | Does monomeric immunoglobulin E stabilize FcepsilonRIalpha from the human basophil cell line KU812 by protecting it from natural turnover? | {
"contexts": [
"The high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on mast cells and basophils is up-regulated by its own ligand IgE; however, the mechanism is unknown.",
"To study the IgE-mediated effect on FcepsilonRI on basophils by using the human basophilic cell line KU812.",
"Expression of cell surface FcepsilonRI was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot technique was used to illustrate tyrosine-phosphorylation and the Ca2+ level in KU812 was measured by fluorescence of Fura-2. Soluble specimens of the alpha-chain from FcepsilonRI (FcepsilonRIalpha) were obtained by lysing 107 KU812 pr. mL. FcepsilonRIalpha was detected by a sandwich immunoradiometric assay employing the IgE-binding capacity of FcepsilonRIalpha in conjunction with a monoclonal antibody. Polyclonal rabbit anti-FcepsilonRIalpha was used for detection of FcepsilonRIalpha by Western blotting.",
"We found that monomeric IgE did not induce tyrosine-phosphorylation in KU812, which was the case when stimulating with IgE cross-linked by anti-IgE binding. Further, only cross-linking of IgE, but not monomeric IgE, increased the Ca2+ level. Using the immunoradiometric assay, we found a temperature dependent reduction in the amount of FcepsilonRIalpha. Samples incubated at 37 degrees C for 5 h displayed a 16-fold decrease in the FcepsilonRIalpha level compared with samples incubated at 4 degrees C. In the presence of IgE the reduction at 37 degrees C was only threefold."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Basophils",
"Blotting, Western",
"Calcium",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Phosphorylation",
"Receptors, IgE",
"Signal Transduction",
"Solubility",
"Temperature",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Tyrosine"
]
} | These results indicate that IgE does not induce intracellular signals in KU812, i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylation or Ca2+ release. Instead it appears that FcepsilonRIalpha is an unstable protein that IgE stabilizes and thereby protects from a temperature dependent turnover. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does monomeric immunoglobulin E stabilize FcepsilonRIalpha from the human basophil cell line KU812 by protecting it from natural turnover?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on mast cells and basophils is up-regulated by its own ligand IgE; however, the mechanism is unknown.', 'To study the IgE-mediated effect on FcepsilonRI on basophils by using the human basophilic cell line KU812.', 'Expression of cell surface FcepsilonRI was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot technique was used to illustrate tyrosine-phosphorylation and the Ca2+ level in KU812 was measured by fluorescence of Fura-2. Soluble specimens of the alpha-chain from FcepsilonRI (FcepsilonRIalpha) were obtained by lysing 107 KU812 pr. mL. FcepsilonRIalpha was detected by a sandwich immunoradiometric assay employing the IgE-binding capacity of FcepsilonRIalpha in conjunction with a monoclonal antibody. Polyclonal rabbit anti-FcepsilonRIalpha was used for detection of FcepsilonRIalpha by Western blotting.', 'We found that monomeric IgE did not induce tyrosine-phosphorylation in KU812, which was the case when stimulating with IgE cross-linked by anti-IgE binding. Further, only cross-linking of IgE, but not monomeric IgE, increased the Ca2+ level. Using the immunoradiometric assay, we found a temperature dependent reduction in the amount of FcepsilonRIalpha. Samples incubated at 37 degrees C for 5 h displayed a 16-fold decrease in the FcepsilonRIalpha level compared with samples incubated at 4 degrees C. In the presence of IgE the reduction at 37 degrees C was only threefold.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Basophils', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptors, IgE', 'Signal Transduction', 'Solubility', 'Temperature', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tyrosine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,004 | Is coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events? | {
"contexts": [
"Stroke, mainly attributable to atherothrombotic disease, represents a leading cause of disability and death in the Western world. Endothelial dysfunction, which is considered a key factor in atherogenesis, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the magnitude of the association between coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) and cerebrovascular events is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the association between CED and cerebrovascular events.",
"We studied 503 patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary endothelial function testing by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. Patients were divided according to the presence (n=305) or absence (n=198) of CED, and medical records were examined for the occurrence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack either before (prevalent) or after (incident) coronary endothelial function testing. Among the study population, a total of 25 cerebrovascular events were documented, 22 in patients with CED (15 prevalent) and 3 in patients without (all prevalent) (P=0.008). Multivariable logistic regression, which included traditional cerebrovascular disease-related risk factors, identified the presence of CED as the single strongest factor associated with cerebrovascular events (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.83). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with CED had a significantly higher cumulative cerebrovascular event rate than those without (P=0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Comorbidity",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Infusions, Intra-Arterial",
"Ischemic Attack, Transient",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Prevalence",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke"
]
} | Presence of CED in patients without obstructive CAD is independently associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. Thus, detection of this early stage of atherosclerosis may provide important information to identify patients who benefit from aggressive preventive strategies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Stroke, mainly attributable to atherothrombotic disease, represents a leading cause of disability and death in the Western world. Endothelial dysfunction, which is considered a key factor in atherogenesis, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the magnitude of the association between coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) and cerebrovascular events is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the association between CED and cerebrovascular events.', 'We studied 503 patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary endothelial function testing by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. Patients were divided according to the presence (n=305) or absence (n=198) of CED, and medical records were examined for the occurrence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack either before (prevalent) or after (incident) coronary endothelial function testing. Among the study population, a total of 25 cerebrovascular events were documented, 22 in patients with CED (15 prevalent) and 3 in patients without (all prevalent) (P=0.008). Multivariable logistic regression, which included traditional cerebrovascular disease-related risk factors, identified the presence of CED as the single strongest factor associated with cerebrovascular events (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.83). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with CED had a significantly higher cumulative cerebrovascular event rate than those without (P=0.04).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Comorbidity', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,254 | Is amyloid-beta found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas , but not in drusen from normal retinas? | {
"contexts": [
"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis is necessary. Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major extracellular deposit in Alzheimer's disease plaques, has recently been found in drusen, the hallmark extracellular deposit in AMD. The goal of this study was to characterize the distribution and frequency of Abeta deposits in drusen from AMD and normal post mortem human retinas to gain additional insight about the potential role of Abeta in AMD patho genesis.",
"Immunocytochemistry was performed with three Abeta antibodies on sections from 9 normal and 9 AMD (3 early, 3 geographic atrophy, 3 exudative AMD) retinas. Five sections from each eye were evaluated. Abeta positive deposits in drusen were identified using epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Antibodies were pre-adsorbed with Abeta peptide to verify specificity. Some sections were stained with PAS-hematoxylin to aid in evaluation of morphology.",
"To test and optimize immunocytochemistry, Abeta was detected in amyloid plaques from Alzheimer's brains. Abeta label was blocked by pre-adsorption of antibody with Abeta peptide, verifying specificity. Four of the 9 AMD retinas and none of the 9 normal retinas had Abeta positive drusen. Two of the early AMD eyes had a few A[beta] positive drusen, each with a few Abeta-containing vesicles, and 2 of the geographic atrophy (GA) eyes had many Abeta positive drusen with many Abeta containing vesicles."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Amyloid beta-Peptides",
"Brain",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Macular Degeneration",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Retina",
"Retinal Drusen"
]
} | Abeta was present in 4 of 9 AMD eyes. Within these eyes, Abeta localized to a subset of drusen. None of the 9 normal eyes surveyed, some of which had small drusen, were A beta positive. Abetapositive vesicles were most numerous in GA eyes at the edges of atrophy, the region at risk for further degeneration. These results suggest that Abeta in drusen correlates with the location of degenerating photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Further work will be necessary to determine whether Abeta deposition in drusen may contribute to or result from retinal degeneration. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is amyloid-beta found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas , but not in drusen from normal retinas?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis is necessary. Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major extracellular deposit in Alzheimer's disease plaques, has recently been found in drusen, the hallmark extracellular deposit in AMD. The goal of this study was to characterize the distribution and frequency of Abeta deposits in drusen from AMD and normal post mortem human retinas to gain additional insight about the potential role of Abeta in AMD patho genesis.\", 'Immunocytochemistry was performed with three Abeta antibodies on sections from 9 normal and 9 AMD (3 early, 3 geographic atrophy, 3 exudative AMD) retinas. Five sections from each eye were evaluated. Abeta positive deposits in drusen were identified using epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Antibodies were pre-adsorbed with Abeta peptide to verify specificity. Some sections were stained with PAS-hematoxylin to aid in evaluation of morphology.', \"To test and optimize immunocytochemistry, Abeta was detected in amyloid plaques from Alzheimer's brains. Abeta label was blocked by pre-adsorption of antibody with Abeta peptide, verifying specificity. Four of the 9 AMD retinas and none of the 9 normal retinas had Abeta positive drusen. Two of the early AMD eyes had a few A[beta] positive drusen, each with a few Abeta-containing vesicles, and 2 of the geographic atrophy (GA) eyes had many Abeta positive drusen with many Abeta containing vesicles.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Retina', 'Retinal Drusen']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,545 | Does four weeks of androstenedione supplementation diminish the treatment response in middle aged men? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine baseline hormonal concentrations and the pharmacokinetic response on day 0 and day 28 of 28 days of androstenedione supplementation.",
"Eight men (mean (SD) age 44.1 (3.0) years (range 40-48), weight 76.3 (9.4) kg, and percentage body fat 20.6 (6.7)) participated in a randomised, double blind, cross over, 2 x 28 day placebo controlled study. Subjects were tested on day 0 and 28 days after receiving 200 mg/day oral androstenedione and a placebo treatment with a 28 day washout period between treatments. Serum hormone concentrations were examined at baseline (time 0) and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes to measure day 0 and day 28 pharmacokinetic responses. Analytes included androstenedione, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), oestradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Lipid concentrations, weight, body composition, resting heart rate, and blood pressure were also measured.",
"Analysis of integrated area under the curve (AUC) and time 0 hormonal concentrations by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Fisher's post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in AUC for serum androstenedione at day 0 (108.3 (27.6) nmol/l) in the supplemented condition as compared with day 28 (43.4 (13.1) nmol/l) and placebo (2.1 (0.8) nmol/l) conditions. No other significant AUC changes were noted. After 28 days of supplementation, DHEAS levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.00002) at time 0 (12.9 (1.3) micro mol/l) compared with placebo (7.0 (0.8) micro mol/l) with a trend (p = 0.08) toward elevation of time 0 androstenedione concentrations (16.4 (7.0) nmol/l) compared with placebo (5.6 (0.4) nmol/l). No changes were found for lipids, resting heart rate, or blood pressure, weight, or percentage body fat."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Androstenedione",
"Area Under Curve",
"Body Composition",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Dehydroepiandrosterone",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Estradiol",
"Gonadal Steroid Hormones",
"Humans",
"Lipids",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Although supplementation with 200 mg/day androstenedione increases AUC for serum androstenedione in the day 0 condition, continued supplementation is characterised by a diminished treatment response, coupled with time 0 increases in testosterone precursors but not testosterone. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does four weeks of androstenedione supplementation diminish the treatment response in middle aged men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine baseline hormonal concentrations and the pharmacokinetic response on day 0 and day 28 of 28 days of androstenedione supplementation.', 'Eight men (mean (SD) age 44.1 (3.0) years (range 40-48), weight 76.3 (9.4) kg, and percentage body fat 20.6 (6.7)) participated in a randomised, double blind, cross over, 2 x 28 day placebo controlled study. Subjects were tested on day 0 and 28 days after receiving 200 mg/day oral androstenedione and a placebo treatment with a 28 day washout period between treatments. Serum hormone concentrations were examined at baseline (time 0) and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes to measure day 0 and day 28 pharmacokinetic responses. Analytes included androstenedione, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), oestradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Lipid concentrations, weight, body composition, resting heart rate, and blood pressure were also measured.', \"Analysis of integrated area under the curve (AUC) and time 0 hormonal concentrations by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Fisher's post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in AUC for serum androstenedione at day 0 (108.3 (27.6) nmol/l) in the supplemented condition as compared with day 28 (43.4 (13.1) nmol/l) and placebo (2.1 (0.8) nmol/l) conditions. No other significant AUC changes were noted. After 28 days of supplementation, DHEAS levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.00002) at time 0 (12.9 (1.3) micro mol/l) compared with placebo (7.0 (0.8) micro mol/l) with a trend (p = 0.08) toward elevation of time 0 androstenedione concentrations (16.4 (7.0) nmol/l) compared with placebo (5.6 (0.4) nmol/l). No changes were found for lipids, resting heart rate, or blood pressure, weight, or percentage body fat.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Androstenedione', 'Area Under Curve', 'Body Composition', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Estradiol', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,772,727 | Do the effects of ocular and lens parameters on the postlens tear thickness? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effects of soft contact lens base curve radius (BCR), sex, ethnicity, central corneal curvatures, and vertical palpebral aperture size (PAS) on the postlens tear thickness (PLTT).",
"The PLTT was measured using optical pachometry on 114 experienced lens wearers who were fitted with lathe-cut soft lenses (Alden 47, polymacon, 35.5% H2O, -2.00 diopter, and 14.0 mm). Each subject was randomly allocated to one lens group receiving a BCR of 7.9, 8.3, or 8.7 mm. Pachometry measurements were taken at 30 min after lens insertion. Vertical PAS and keratometry readings were measured for 94 of the 114 subjects.",
"The mean (95% confidence interval) PLTT was 15.7 microm (13.2-18.0 microm), 12.8 microm (10.9-14.7 microm), and 12.1 microm (10.2-14.0 microm) for the 7.9-mm, 8.3-mm, and 8.7-mm BCR groups, respectively. The differences in PLTT among the three BCR groups was significant (analysis of variance F-test; P=0.039). Post hoc testing using the Tukey honestly significant difference statistic showed that only the two extreme BCR groups (7.9 mm and 8.7 mm) were significantly different. Sex had no effect on the PLTT; however, the PLTT was significantly thinner for the Asian compared with non-Asian eyes (P=0.0001). The Asian PLTT did not vary with different soft lens BCRs. The non-Asian PLTT was thicker with lenses of the steep BCR compared with the flat BCR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic",
"Cornea",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Eyelids",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prosthesis Fitting",
"Sex Factors",
"Tears"
]
} | These results show that the base curve radius of a soft contact lens and several ocular characteristics can affect the thickness of the postlens tear film. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do the effects of ocular and lens parameters on the postlens tear thickness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the effects of soft contact lens base curve radius (BCR), sex, ethnicity, central corneal curvatures, and vertical palpebral aperture size (PAS) on the postlens tear thickness (PLTT).', 'The PLTT was measured using optical pachometry on 114 experienced lens wearers who were fitted with lathe-cut soft lenses (Alden 47, polymacon, 35.5% H2O, -2.00 diopter, and 14.0 mm). Each subject was randomly allocated to one lens group receiving a BCR of 7.9, 8.3, or 8.7 mm. Pachometry measurements were taken at 30 min after lens insertion. Vertical PAS and keratometry readings were measured for 94 of the 114 subjects.', 'The mean (95% confidence interval) PLTT was 15.7 microm (13.2-18.0 microm), 12.8 microm (10.9-14.7 microm), and 12.1 microm (10.2-14.0 microm) for the 7.9-mm, 8.3-mm, and 8.7-mm BCR groups, respectively. The differences in PLTT among the three BCR groups was significant (analysis of variance F-test; P=0.039). Post hoc testing using the Tukey honestly significant difference statistic showed that only the two extreme BCR groups (7.9 mm and 8.7 mm) were significantly different. Sex had no effect on the PLTT; however, the PLTT was significantly thinner for the Asian compared with non-Asian eyes (P=0.0001). The Asian PLTT did not vary with different soft lens BCRs. The non-Asian PLTT was thicker with lenses of the steep BCR compared with the flat BCR.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic', 'Cornea', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Eyelids', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prosthesis Fitting', 'Sex Factors', 'Tears']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,860 | Are elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with essential hypertension related to vascular complications? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether or not fibrinogen is related to the cardiovascular risk profile and complications in hypertensive subjects.",
"Plasma fibrinogen and laboratory tests including factor VII, homocysteine and microalbuminuria were evaluated in 127 consecutive hypertensive subjects stratified according to cardiovascular risk. Parameters were age, gender, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, target organ damage: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), carotid atherosclerotic complications and retinical vessels.",
"Fibrinogen levels were significantly different between patients according to risk levels (low 290+/-73, n=20, high 342+/-94 mg/dl, n=39, very high risk 350+/-72, n=29, p=0.01), hypertension grade (II-III) and organ damage. Fibrinogen was significantly higher in patients with more severe carotid atherosclerotic lesions and vascular retinal lesions (grades II-III vs 0 and I). Also in patients, matched for age and sex, without and with carotid atherosclerotic lesions, fibrinogen was significantly higher in the latter group. No significant differences were found on the basis of IVS, creatinine and microalbuminuria. In hypertensive patients, fibrinogen directly correlated with age, by multiple linear regression. In hypertensive patients with diabetes, fibrinogen was significantly higher (466+/-176 mg/dL, n=14) than in those hypertensive without diabetes (333+/-87 mg/dL, n=113, p=0.001) and in all patients there was a a significant correlation (r=0.474, p<0.001) between blood glucose and fibrinogen."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Coagulation Disorders",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Diabetes Complications",
"Female",
"Fibrinogen",
"Hemostasis",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Vascular Diseases"
]
} | Hyperfibrinogenemia is a marker of vascular damage and could be an important factor contributing to the evolution of the complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with essential hypertension related to vascular complications?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated whether or not fibrinogen is related to the cardiovascular risk profile and complications in hypertensive subjects.', 'Plasma fibrinogen and laboratory tests including factor VII, homocysteine and microalbuminuria were evaluated in 127 consecutive hypertensive subjects stratified according to cardiovascular risk. Parameters were age, gender, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, target organ damage: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), carotid atherosclerotic complications and retinical vessels.', 'Fibrinogen levels were significantly different between patients according to risk levels (low 290+/-73, n=20, high 342+/-94 mg/dl, n=39, very high risk 350+/-72, n=29, p=0.01), hypertension grade (II-III) and organ damage. Fibrinogen was significantly higher in patients with more severe carotid atherosclerotic lesions and vascular retinal lesions (grades II-III vs 0 and I). Also in patients, matched for age and sex, without and with carotid atherosclerotic lesions, fibrinogen was significantly higher in the latter group. No significant differences were found on the basis of IVS, creatinine and microalbuminuria. In hypertensive patients, fibrinogen directly correlated with age, by multiple linear regression. In hypertensive patients with diabetes, fibrinogen was significantly higher (466+/-176 mg/dL, n=14) than in those hypertensive without diabetes (333+/-87 mg/dL, n=113, p=0.001) and in all patients there was a a significant correlation (r=0.474, p<0.001) between blood glucose and fibrinogen.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Coagulation Disorders', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Hemostasis', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Diseases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,901 | Do simple anatomical measurements correlate significantly to individual peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds as measured in MRI gradient coils? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds for normal human subjects in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient coils, and determine if observed thresholds could be predicted based on gross physiologic measurements.",
"PNS thresholds for 21 healthy normal subjects were measured using a whole-body gradient coil. Subjects were exposed to a trapezoidal echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient waveform and the total change in gradient strength (DeltaG) required to cause PNS as a function of the duration of the gradient switching time (tau) were measured. Correlation coefficients and corresponding P values were calculated for the PNS threshold measurements against simple physiologic measurements taken of the subjects, including weight, height, girth, and average body fat percentage, in order to determine if there were any easily observable dependencies.",
"No convincing correlations between threshold parameters and gross physiologic measurements were observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Echo-Planar Imaging",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Peripheral Nerves",
"Reference Values",
"Sensory Thresholds"
]
} | These results suggest it is unlikely that a simple physiologic measurement of subject anatomy can be used to guide the operation of MRI scanners in a subject-specific manner in order to increase gradient system performance while avoiding PNS. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do simple anatomical measurements correlate significantly to individual peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds as measured in MRI gradient coils?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds for normal human subjects in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient coils, and determine if observed thresholds could be predicted based on gross physiologic measurements.', 'PNS thresholds for 21 healthy normal subjects were measured using a whole-body gradient coil. Subjects were exposed to a trapezoidal echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient waveform and the total change in gradient strength (DeltaG) required to cause PNS as a function of the duration of the gradient switching time (tau) were measured. Correlation coefficients and corresponding P values were calculated for the PNS threshold measurements against simple physiologic measurements taken of the subjects, including weight, height, girth, and average body fat percentage, in order to determine if there were any easily observable dependencies.', 'No convincing correlations between threshold parameters and gross physiologic measurements were observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Echo-Planar Imaging', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Reference Values', 'Sensory Thresholds']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,775,316 | Does itraconazole pulse therapy improve the quality of life of patients with toenail onychomycosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Toenail onychomycosis is a common disease that can have serious adverse effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients.",
"To evaluate the impact of itraconazole pulse therapy on the QOL of patients with toenail onychomycosis.",
"A total of 20 patients with disto-lateral subungual toenail onychomycosis were treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 week every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The patients were asked to complete a QOL questionnaire before treatment and on the last follow-up visit (week 48). A score of 0-4 was given according to the five possible responses to each question and these were summed to give the final score of the patient. The mean of the final scores of the patients before and after treatment were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.",
"At 48 weeks after commencing treatment, 14 patients (70%) responded to treatment (nine patients were cured with almost totally clear toenails and five patients improved), and 16 patients (80%) were mycologically cured (negative KOH smear and culture). The mean of the QOL scores of the patients before treatment was 18.0+/-7.8, which reduced to 13.1+/-11.3 after treatment (two-tailed, p=0.009)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antifungal Agents",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Foot Dermatoses",
"Humans",
"Itraconazole",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Onychomycosis",
"Pulse Therapy, Drug",
"Quality of Life",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Itraconazole pulse therapy is an effective treatment and can improve the QOL of patients with toenail onychomycosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does itraconazole pulse therapy improve the quality of life of patients with toenail onychomycosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Toenail onychomycosis is a common disease that can have serious adverse effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients.', 'To evaluate the impact of itraconazole pulse therapy on the QOL of patients with toenail onychomycosis.', 'A total of 20 patients with disto-lateral subungual toenail onychomycosis were treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 week every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The patients were asked to complete a QOL questionnaire before treatment and on the last follow-up visit (week 48). A score of 0-4 was given according to the five possible responses to each question and these were summed to give the final score of the patient. The mean of the final scores of the patients before and after treatment were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.', 'At 48 weeks after commencing treatment, 14 patients (70%) responded to treatment (nine patients were cured with almost totally clear toenails and five patients improved), and 16 patients (80%) were mycologically cured (negative KOH smear and culture). The mean of the QOL scores of the patients before treatment was 18.0+/-7.8, which reduced to 13.1+/-11.3 after treatment (two-tailed, p=0.009).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Foot Dermatoses', 'Humans', 'Itraconazole', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Onychomycosis', 'Pulse Therapy, Drug', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,199 | Does amifostine reduce the toxicity of the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide regimen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Amifostine is an organic thiophosphate that may selectively protect normal tissues from the toxicities of chemotherapy. The combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) is highly active in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Infection is a serious toxicity of the FC regimen.",
"Amifostine was added to the FC regimen in a phase II study of 46 patients with CLL. Patients received FCA (fludarabine 30 mg/m(2) i.v. daily for 3 days, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m(2) i.v. daily for 3 days, and amifostine 500 mg i.v. over 15 min daily for 3 days starting 30 min before cyclophosphamide) at intervals of 4-6 weeks for a maximum of six courses.",
"Patients receiving FCA had equivalent rates of sepsis, early death, objective response and survival to those observed in a prior series of 78 patients treated with FC. Amifostine-associated toxicities included nausea, vomiting, and hypotension."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amifostine",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Radiation-Protective Agents",
"Sepsis",
"Survival Rate",
"Vidarabine"
]
} | The study amifostine regimen did not reduce the toxicity or activity of the FC regimen in patients with CLL. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does amifostine reduce the toxicity of the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide regimen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Amifostine is an organic thiophosphate that may selectively protect normal tissues from the toxicities of chemotherapy. The combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) is highly active in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Infection is a serious toxicity of the FC regimen.', 'Amifostine was added to the FC regimen in a phase II study of 46 patients with CLL. Patients received FCA (fludarabine 30 mg/m(2) i.v. daily for 3 days, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m(2) i.v. daily for 3 days, and amifostine 500 mg i.v. over 15 min daily for 3 days starting 30 min before cyclophosphamide) at intervals of 4-6 weeks for a maximum of six courses.', 'Patients receiving FCA had equivalent rates of sepsis, early death, objective response and survival to those observed in a prior series of 78 patients treated with FC. Amifostine-associated toxicities included nausea, vomiting, and hypotension.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amifostine', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiation-Protective Agents', 'Sepsis', 'Survival Rate', 'Vidarabine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,783,198 | Is the activity of camptothecin analogues enhanced in histocultures of human tumors and human tumor xenografts by modulation of extracellular pH? | {
"contexts": [
"Most solid human tumors exist in an acidic microenvironment, due in part to inefficient vasculature and a higher intrinsic rate of glycolysis. This leads to a tumor-selective pH gradient, which can be exploited therapeutically with antitumor agents such as the camptothecins (CPTs). Previous work in this laboratory has shown that camptothecin activity is enhanced 40- to 60-fold in monolayer cell culture by reducing the extracellular pH to 6.8. Three-dimensional histoculture has been shown to be a technique that allows human tumor tissue to grow in an in vivo-like way with maintenance of tissue histology and function and drug sensitivity for long periods of time.",
"In the current study, we utilized these features of histoculture to study new analogues of camptothecin that have superior pharmacological properties.",
"We evaluated six CPT analogues in histocultures of human brain, neuroblastoma, breast, colon, and prostate tumors. Fragments were exposed to 10,11-methylenedioxy-CPT (MDC), 7-chloromethyl-MDC, SN-38, topotecan (TPT), 9-amino-CPT, 10-amino-CPT, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, and antitumor activity was assessed. For in vivo tumor outgrowth studies, fragments were treated in parallel, implanted into nude mice, and monitored for development of tumors. RESULTS. Against 15 of 16 tumor xenografts and all primary tumor samples tested, all compounds were cytotoxic at pH 7.4 (IC(50) range 13-921 microM). MDC, SN-38, TPT, and 9-amino-CPT achieved an average 5-fold increase in activity (range 3-14) at pH 6.8, while 7-chloromethyl-MDC was enhanced 8-fold (range 6-14). The most potentiated analogue was 10-amino-CPT at 27-fold (range 17-49). In contrast, the other agents were active against one or more tumor types but were not enhanced by acidic pH. Importantly, the toxicity of MDC in histoculture of D54 glioma xenografts strongly correlated with the outgrowth of treated fragments subsequently implanted in vivo."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Camptothecin",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | Evaluation of anticancer drug activity in native-state histoculture supports the concept that pH modulation may be an important approach to improve the selectivity and antitumor effectiveness of camptothecin-based chemotherapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the activity of camptothecin analogues enhanced in histocultures of human tumors and human tumor xenografts by modulation of extracellular pH?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Most solid human tumors exist in an acidic microenvironment, due in part to inefficient vasculature and a higher intrinsic rate of glycolysis. This leads to a tumor-selective pH gradient, which can be exploited therapeutically with antitumor agents such as the camptothecins (CPTs). Previous work in this laboratory has shown that camptothecin activity is enhanced 40- to 60-fold in monolayer cell culture by reducing the extracellular pH to 6.8. Three-dimensional histoculture has been shown to be a technique that allows human tumor tissue to grow in an in vivo-like way with maintenance of tissue histology and function and drug sensitivity for long periods of time.', 'In the current study, we utilized these features of histoculture to study new analogues of camptothecin that have superior pharmacological properties.', 'We evaluated six CPT analogues in histocultures of human brain, neuroblastoma, breast, colon, and prostate tumors. Fragments were exposed to 10,11-methylenedioxy-CPT (MDC), 7-chloromethyl-MDC, SN-38, topotecan (TPT), 9-amino-CPT, 10-amino-CPT, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, and antitumor activity was assessed. For in vivo tumor outgrowth studies, fragments were treated in parallel, implanted into nude mice, and monitored for development of tumors. RESULTS. Against 15 of 16 tumor xenografts and all primary tumor samples tested, all compounds were cytotoxic at pH 7.4 (IC(50) range 13-921 microM). MDC, SN-38, TPT, and 9-amino-CPT achieved an average 5-fold increase in activity (range 3-14) at pH 6.8, while 7-chloromethyl-MDC was enhanced 8-fold (range 6-14). The most potentiated analogue was 10-amino-CPT at 27-fold (range 17-49). In contrast, the other agents were active against one or more tumor types but were not enhanced by acidic pH. Importantly, the toxicity of MDC in histoculture of D54 glioma xenografts strongly correlated with the outgrowth of treated fragments subsequently implanted in vivo.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Camptothecin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,767,545 | Is long-term outcome of acute myocarditis independent of cardiac enzyme release? | {
"contexts": [
"There are few data concerning prognostic markers of acute myocarditis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of initial measurements of creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin as regards late recovery of the left ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up.",
"A total of 22 patients (53+/-15 years old, 11 female) with acute myocarditis were followed up in a prospective observational study. Of these, 11 (50%) showed a history of acute infection prior to hospitalisation and seven (32%) had pericardial effusion. The median ejection fraction during the acute phase was 47+/-17%; after a mean follow-up of 119+/-163 days it improved to 60+/-9% (P<0.001). Considering maximal CK-rise values of 641+/-961 U/l (P=0.38), cTnI-rise values of 3.7+/-8.6 microg/l (P=0.16) and myoglobin values of 7.4+/-12 nmol/l (P=0.69), there was no correlation between initial cardiac enzyme levels and the initial and late left ventricular ejection fraction."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Creatine Kinase",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocarditis",
"Myoglobin",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Recovery of Function",
"Stroke Volume",
"Troponin I",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | After acute myocarditis, there is late recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction, which is independent of the initial myocardial damage measured by cardiac enzyme release. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is long-term outcome of acute myocarditis independent of cardiac enzyme release?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There are few data concerning prognostic markers of acute myocarditis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of initial measurements of creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin as regards late recovery of the left ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up.', 'A total of 22 patients (53+/-15 years old, 11 female) with acute myocarditis were followed up in a prospective observational study. Of these, 11 (50%) showed a history of acute infection prior to hospitalisation and seven (32%) had pericardial effusion. The median ejection fraction during the acute phase was 47+/-17%; after a mean follow-up of 119+/-163 days it improved to 60+/-9% (P<0.001). Considering maximal CK-rise values of 641+/-961 U/l (P=0.38), cTnI-rise values of 3.7+/-8.6 microg/l (P=0.16) and myoglobin values of 7.4+/-12 nmol/l (P=0.69), there was no correlation between initial cardiac enzyme levels and the initial and late left ventricular ejection fraction.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocarditis', 'Myoglobin', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recovery of Function', 'Stroke Volume', 'Troponin I', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,646 | Does cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide generation contribute to age-dependent impairment of G protein-mediated cerebrovasodilation? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have observed that activation of cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to generation of superoxide anion after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). This study was designed to characterize the effects of FPI on the vascular activity of two activators of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, mastoparan and mastoparan-7, and the role of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide anion generation in such effects as a function of age.",
"Lateral FPI was induced in anesthetized newborn (1-5-day-old) and juvenile (3-4-week-old) pigs equipped with a closed cranial window.",
"Mastoparan (10(-8), 10(-6) M) elicited pial artery dilation that was blunted more in newborn versus juvenile pigs (9 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 1 vs. 3 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1%, newborn; 9 +/- 1 and 15 +/- 1 vs. 6 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1%, juveniles). Similar results were observed for mastoparan-7 but the inactive analog mastoparan-17 had no effect on pial artery diameter. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), NS398 (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), and polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and catalase (free radical scavengers) partially restored impaired mastoparan dilation after FPI in the newborn in a roughly equivalent manner but not in the juvenile (3 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1 vs. 8 +/- 1 and 13 +/- 1% newborn, 6 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1 vs. 7 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1% juvenile for NS398 pretreatment)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Arteries",
"Blood Chemical Analysis",
"Brain Injuries",
"Catalase",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors",
"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors",
"Female",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"GTP-Binding Proteins",
"Indomethacin",
"Isoenzymes",
"Male",
"Nitrobenzenes",
"Peptides",
"Pertussis Toxin",
"Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases",
"Sulfonamides",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Superoxides",
"Swine",
"Vasodilation",
"Wasp Venoms"
]
} | These data show that G protein activation elicits cerebrovasodilation that is blunted following FPI in an age-dependent manner, and suggest that cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide anion generation contributes to G protein activation-induced dilator impairment after the insult in an age-dependent manner. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide generation contribute to age-dependent impairment of G protein-mediated cerebrovasodilation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous studies have observed that activation of cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to generation of superoxide anion after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). This study was designed to characterize the effects of FPI on the vascular activity of two activators of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, mastoparan and mastoparan-7, and the role of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide anion generation in such effects as a function of age.', 'Lateral FPI was induced in anesthetized newborn (1-5-day-old) and juvenile (3-4-week-old) pigs equipped with a closed cranial window.', 'Mastoparan (10(-8), 10(-6) M) elicited pial artery dilation that was blunted more in newborn versus juvenile pigs (9 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 1 vs. 3 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1%, newborn; 9 +/- 1 and 15 +/- 1 vs. 6 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1%, juveniles). Similar results were observed for mastoparan-7 but the inactive analog mastoparan-17 had no effect on pial artery diameter. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), NS398 (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), and polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and catalase (free radical scavengers) partially restored impaired mastoparan dilation after FPI in the newborn in a roughly equivalent manner but not in the juvenile (3 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1 vs. 8 +/- 1 and 13 +/- 1% newborn, 6 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1 vs. 7 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1% juvenile for NS398 pretreatment).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Arteries', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Brain Injuries', 'Catalase', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Indomethacin', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Peptides', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Sulfonamides', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Superoxides', 'Swine', 'Vasodilation', 'Wasp Venoms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,647 | Does n-acetylcysteine restore isoflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction during hyperglycemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperglycemia generates reactive oxygen species and prevents isoflurane-induced preconditioning. The authors tested the hypothesis that scavenging reactive oxygen species with N-acetylcysteine will restore protection against myocardial infarction produced by isoflurane in vivo.",
"Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs (n = 45) were instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics. Myocardial infarct size and coronary collateral blood flow were measured with triphenyltetrazolium staining and radioactive microspheres, respectively. All dogs were subjected to a 60-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of 0.9% saline or 15% dextrose in water to increase blood glucose concentrations to 600 mg/dl (hyperglycemia) in the absence or presence of isoflurane (1.0 minimum alveolar concentration) with or without pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg i.v.) in six experimental groups. Isoflurane was discontinued, and blood glucose concentrations were allowed to return to baseline values before left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.",
"Myocardial infarct size was 27 +/- 2% (n = 8) of the left ventricular area at risk in control experiments. Isoflurane significantly (P < 0.05) decreased infarct size (13 +/- 2%; n = 7). Hyperglycemia alone did not alter infarct size (29 +/- 3%; n = 7) but abolished the protective effect of isoflurane (25 +/- 2%; n = 8). N-Acetylcysteine alone did not affect infarct size (28 +/- 2%; n = 8) but restored isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during hyperglycemia (10 +/- 1%; n = 7)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Collateral Circulation",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Dogs",
"Female",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Hemodynamics",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial",
"Isoflurane",
"Male",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | Acute hyperglycemia abolishes reductions in myocardial infarct size produced by isoflurane, but N-acetylcysteine restores these beneficial effects. The results suggest that excessive quantities of reactive oxygen species generated during hyperglycemia impair isoflurane-induced preconditioning in dogs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does n-acetylcysteine restore isoflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction during hyperglycemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hyperglycemia generates reactive oxygen species and prevents isoflurane-induced preconditioning. The authors tested the hypothesis that scavenging reactive oxygen species with N-acetylcysteine will restore protection against myocardial infarction produced by isoflurane in vivo.', 'Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs (n = 45) were instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics. Myocardial infarct size and coronary collateral blood flow were measured with triphenyltetrazolium staining and radioactive microspheres, respectively. All dogs were subjected to a 60-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of 0.9% saline or 15% dextrose in water to increase blood glucose concentrations to 600 mg/dl (hyperglycemia) in the absence or presence of isoflurane (1.0 minimum alveolar concentration) with or without pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg i.v.) in six experimental groups. Isoflurane was discontinued, and blood glucose concentrations were allowed to return to baseline values before left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.', 'Myocardial infarct size was 27 +/- 2% (n = 8) of the left ventricular area at risk in control experiments. Isoflurane significantly (P < 0.05) decreased infarct size (13 +/- 2%; n = 7). Hyperglycemia alone did not alter infarct size (29 +/- 3%; n = 7) but abolished the protective effect of isoflurane (25 +/- 2%; n = 8). N-Acetylcysteine alone did not affect infarct size (28 +/- 2%; n = 8) but restored isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during hyperglycemia (10 +/- 1%; n = 7).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Collateral Circulation', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,645 | Does temporal summation govern part of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"General anesthesia may delay the onset of movement in response to noxious stimulation. The authors hypothesized that the production of immobility could involve depression of time-related processes involved in the generation of movement.",
"The delays (latencies) between onset of tail clamp (n = 16) or 50-Hz continuous electrical stimulation (n = 8) and movement were measured in rats equilibrated at 0.1-0.2% increasing steps of isoflurane. In other rats (n = 8), the isoflurane concentrations just permitting and preventing movement (crossover concentrations) in response to trains of 0.5-ms 50-V square-wave pulses of interstimulus intervals of 10, 3, 1, 0.3, or 0.1 s during the step increases were measured. These measures were again made during administration of intravenous MK801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that can block temporal summation (n = 6). Temporal summation refers to the cumulative effect of repeated stimuli. Crossover concentrations to 10- and 0.1-s interstimulus interval pulses ranging in voltage from 0.25-50 V were also measured (n = 4).",
"The increase in concentrations from 0.6 to nearly 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration progressively increased latency from less than 1 s to 58 s. Shortening the interstimulus interval (50 V) pulses from 10 to 0.1 s progressively increased crossover concentrations from 0.6 to 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration. In contrast, during MK801 administration shortening interstimulus intervals did not change crossover concentrations, producing a flat response to change in the interstimulus interval. Increasing the voltage of interstimulus interval pulses increased the crossover concentrations but did not change the response to change in interstimulus intervals for pulses greater than 1 V."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Dizocilpine Maleate",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electromyography",
"Electrophysiology",
"Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists",
"Isoflurane",
"Movement",
"Muscle Tonus",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pulmonary Alveoli",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Increasing the duration or frequency (interstimulus interval) of stimulation increases the concentration of isoflurane required to suppress movement by a 0.4 minimum alveolar concentration MK801 blocks this effect, a finding consistent with temporal summation (which requires intact N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity) at concentrations of up to 1 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does temporal summation govern part of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane anesthesia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['General anesthesia may delay the onset of movement in response to noxious stimulation. The authors hypothesized that the production of immobility could involve depression of time-related processes involved in the generation of movement.', 'The delays (latencies) between onset of tail clamp (n = 16) or 50-Hz continuous electrical stimulation (n = 8) and movement were measured in rats equilibrated at 0.1-0.2% increasing steps of isoflurane. In other rats (n = 8), the isoflurane concentrations just permitting and preventing movement (crossover concentrations) in response to trains of 0.5-ms 50-V square-wave pulses of interstimulus intervals of 10, 3, 1, 0.3, or 0.1 s during the step increases were measured. These measures were again made during administration of intravenous MK801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that can block temporal summation (n = 6). Temporal summation refers to the cumulative effect of repeated stimuli. Crossover concentrations to 10- and 0.1-s interstimulus interval pulses ranging in voltage from 0.25-50 V were also measured (n = 4).', 'The increase in concentrations from 0.6 to nearly 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration progressively increased latency from less than 1 s to 58 s. Shortening the interstimulus interval (50 V) pulses from 10 to 0.1 s progressively increased crossover concentrations from 0.6 to 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration. In contrast, during MK801 administration shortening interstimulus intervals did not change crossover concentrations, producing a flat response to change in the interstimulus interval. Increasing the voltage of interstimulus interval pulses increased the crossover concentrations but did not change the response to change in interstimulus intervals for pulses greater than 1 V.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Electrophysiology', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Isoflurane', 'Movement', 'Muscle Tonus', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,783,165 | Does ectopic expression of the beta-cell specific transcription factor Pdx1 inhibit glucagon gene transcription? | {
"contexts": [
"The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for the development and differentiation of all pancreatic cells. Beta-cell specific inactivation of Pdx1 in developing or adult mice leads to an increase in glucagon-expressing cells, suggesting that absence of Pdx1could favour glucagon gene expression by a default mechanism.",
"We investigated the inhibitory role of Pdx1 on glucagon gene expression in vitro. The glucagonoma cell line InR1G9 was transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector and insulin and glucagon mRNA levels were analysed by northern blot and real-time PCR. To understand the mechanism by which Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene expression, we studied its effect on glucagon promoter activity in non-islet cells using transient transfections and gel-shift analysis.",
"In glucagonoma cells transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector, insulin gene expression was induced while glucagon mRNA levels were reduced by 50 to 60%. In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Base Sequence",
"Binding Sites",
"Cell Line",
"Cricetinae",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Glucagon",
"Homeodomain Proteins",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Islets of Langerhans",
"Mesocricetus",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Oligodeoxyribonucleotides",
"Organ Specificity",
"Trans-Activators",
"Transcription, Genetic",
"Transfection"
]
} | Cell-specific expression of the glucagon gene can only occur when Pdx1 expression extinguishes from the early alpha cell precursor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ectopic expression of the beta-cell specific transcription factor Pdx1 inhibit glucagon gene transcription?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for the development and differentiation of all pancreatic cells. Beta-cell specific inactivation of Pdx1 in developing or adult mice leads to an increase in glucagon-expressing cells, suggesting that absence of Pdx1could favour glucagon gene expression by a default mechanism.', 'We investigated the inhibitory role of Pdx1 on glucagon gene expression in vitro. The glucagonoma cell line InR1G9 was transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector and insulin and glucagon mRNA levels were analysed by northern blot and real-time PCR. To understand the mechanism by which Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene expression, we studied its effect on glucagon promoter activity in non-islet cells using transient transfections and gel-shift analysis.', 'In glucagonoma cells transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector, insulin gene expression was induced while glucagon mRNA levels were reduced by 50 to 60%. In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Glucagon', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Mesocricetus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Organ Specificity', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,761,445 | Does high dose of caffeine administered to pregnant rats cause histopathological changes in the cornea of newborn pups? | {
"contexts": [
"Caffeine is frequently used during pregnancy and associated with teratogenic effects, such as low birth weight, hearth and digital defects, cleft palate and abortion with fetal loss. This study investigated histopathologically the effects of caffeine on neonatal rat cornea.",
"Fifty pregnant Wistar-Albino rats (dams) were randomly divided into five groups, one control and four experimental. Between day 9 and 21 of gestation, group 1 dams (control, n=10) were exposed to intraperitoneal (i.p.) SF daily until delivery. Group 2 (n=10), group 3 (n=10) and group 4 (n=10) dams were treated with i.p. caffeine at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d, respectively, for the same period. Group 5 dams were given caffeine in distilled water in a gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d during the same period. After normal delivery, the litters were killed at postnatal day 1 or 30 and the eyes were enucleated for corneal histopathologic investigation.",
"Control and group 1 eyes had normal corneal epithelium, regular stromal fibers, descement membrane and monolayer inner corneal endothelium. The remaining experimental litters demonstrated changes, such as vacuolated endothelial cells with proliferation, hyperchromasia, polymorphism, endothelial cell agenesis, increased stromal mitotic activity and focal increase in corneal thickness with widely separated corneal lamellae in the injured area. These changes occurred most often in the litters treated with high doses of caffeine."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Caffeine",
"Cornea",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelium, Corneal",
"Epithelium, Corneal",
"Female",
"Maternal-Fetal Exchange",
"Pregnancy",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | Excessive gestational caffeine intake has been shown histopathologically to have some teratogenic effects on newborn rat cornea. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high dose of caffeine administered to pregnant rats cause histopathological changes in the cornea of newborn pups?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Caffeine is frequently used during pregnancy and associated with teratogenic effects, such as low birth weight, hearth and digital defects, cleft palate and abortion with fetal loss. This study investigated histopathologically the effects of caffeine on neonatal rat cornea.', 'Fifty pregnant Wistar-Albino rats (dams) were randomly divided into five groups, one control and four experimental. Between day 9 and 21 of gestation, group 1 dams (control, n=10) were exposed to intraperitoneal (i.p.) SF daily until delivery. Group 2 (n=10), group 3 (n=10) and group 4 (n=10) dams were treated with i.p. caffeine at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d, respectively, for the same period. Group 5 dams were given caffeine in distilled water in a gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d during the same period. After normal delivery, the litters were killed at postnatal day 1 or 30 and the eyes were enucleated for corneal histopathologic investigation.', 'Control and group 1 eyes had normal corneal epithelium, regular stromal fibers, descement membrane and monolayer inner corneal endothelium. The remaining experimental litters demonstrated changes, such as vacuolated endothelial cells with proliferation, hyperchromasia, polymorphism, endothelial cell agenesis, increased stromal mitotic activity and focal increase in corneal thickness with widely separated corneal lamellae in the injured area. These changes occurred most often in the litters treated with high doses of caffeine.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Caffeine', 'Cornea', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,761,443 | Does simvastatin reduce infarct size in a model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to investigate the effects of simvastatin in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.",
"Male Wistar rats were anesthetized (thiopentone sodium 120 mg/kg). After a thoracotomy, the left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded (for 25 min) and reperfused (for 120 min). Area at risk (AR) was determined with Evans Blue dye and infarct size after staining of the area at risk with nitroblue tetrazolium.",
"In rats, which received the vehicle for simvastatin (10% DMSO, 1 ml/kg i.v. at 1 h prior to the occlusion of the LAD), occlusion of the LAD for 25 min followed by reperfusion for 2 hours resulted in an infarct size of 54 +/- 4% (n=7) of the AR. When compared with vehicle, administration of simvastatin (1 mg/kg i.v. bolus administration at 1 h prior to the onset of myocardial ischemia) caused a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size of 39%. LAD-occlusion and reperfusion caused a progressive fall in mean arterial blood pressure (when compared with sham-operated animals). Simvastatin had no significant effect on blood pressure."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Male",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Myocardial Reperfusion Injury",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear",
"Simvastatin",
"Transcription Factors"
]
} | The result indicates that simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and a ligand of PPAR-a and PPAR-g, reduces the tissue necrosis associated with acute myocardial infarction. We propose that statins may be useful in conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion of the heart and other organs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does simvastatin reduce infarct size in a model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to investigate the effects of simvastatin in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.', 'Male Wistar rats were anesthetized (thiopentone sodium 120 mg/kg). After a thoracotomy, the left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded (for 25 min) and reperfused (for 120 min). Area at risk (AR) was determined with Evans Blue dye and infarct size after staining of the area at risk with nitroblue tetrazolium.', 'In rats, which received the vehicle for simvastatin (10% DMSO, 1 ml/kg i.v. at 1 h prior to the occlusion of the LAD), occlusion of the LAD for 25 min followed by reperfusion for 2 hours resulted in an infarct size of 54 +/- 4% (n=7) of the AR. When compared with vehicle, administration of simvastatin (1 mg/kg i.v. bolus administration at 1 h prior to the onset of myocardial ischemia) caused a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size of 39%. LAD-occlusion and reperfusion caused a progressive fall in mean arterial blood pressure (when compared with sham-operated animals). Simvastatin had no significant effect on blood pressure.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Simvastatin', 'Transcription Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,447 | Do low doses of diagnostic energy X-rays protect against neoplastic transformation in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of low doses of 60 kVp X-rays on in vitro transformation frequency.",
"HeLa x skin fibroblast human hybrid cells were used to assay transformation from the non-tumorigenic to the tumorigenic phenotype. Subconfluent cultures of cells were exposed to a range of doses of 60 kVp X-rays and seeded for assay of transformation after 24 h post-irradiation holding. Experiments were repeated at least three times and the data pooled for analysis. Transformation frequencies were compared with those of sham-irradiated controls.",
"At doses < 1 cGy, the observed transformation frequencies were significantly less than those seen in unirradiated cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation",
"Gamma Rays",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Hybrid Cells",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced",
"Risk Factors",
"X-Rays"
]
} | Low doses (< 1 cGy) of 60 kVp X-rays protect HeLa x skin fibroblast human hybrid cells against neoplastic transformation in vitro. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do low doses of diagnostic energy X-rays protect against neoplastic transformation in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of low doses of 60 kVp X-rays on in vitro transformation frequency.', 'HeLa x skin fibroblast human hybrid cells were used to assay transformation from the non-tumorigenic to the tumorigenic phenotype. Subconfluent cultures of cells were exposed to a range of doses of 60 kVp X-rays and seeded for assay of transformation after 24 h post-irradiation holding. Experiments were repeated at least three times and the data pooled for analysis. Transformation frequencies were compared with those of sham-irradiated controls.', 'At doses < 1 cGy, the observed transformation frequencies were significantly less than those seen in unirradiated cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Gamma Rays', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Risk Factors', 'X-Rays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,186 | Is operant responding for a visual reinforcer in rats enhanced by noncontingent nicotine : implications for nicotine self-administration and reinforcement? | {
"contexts": [
"Current conceptualizations of drug reinforcement assume that drug-taking behavior is a consequence of the contingent, temporal relationship between the behavior and drug reward. However, stimulant drugs also potentiate the rewarding effects of other reinforcers when administered noncontingently.",
"These studies were designed to determine whether noncontingent nicotine enhances the reinforcing properties of a nonpharmacological reinforcer and whether this direct effect facilitates operant behavior within the context of a nicotine self-administration procedure.",
"Rats self-administered nicotine or food, or received noncontingent nicotine, saline, or food either with or without a response-contingent, unconditioned reinforcing visual stimulus (VS).",
"Noncontingent nicotine, whether delivered as discrete injections based on a pattern of self-administered nicotine or as a continuous infusion, increased response rates maintained by the VS. There were no significant differences in responding by animals that received contingent compared with noncontingent nicotine when a VS was available. This increase was not observed in the absence of the VS or as a consequence of noncontingent food delivery. Operant behavior was equally attenuated and reinstated by the removal and subsequent replacement of contingent and noncontingent nicotine. Nicotine supported self-administration in the absence of response-contingent, nicotine-paired stimuli; however, response rates were drastically reduced compared with nicotine self-administration with the VS."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Conditioning, Operant",
"Male",
"Nicotine",
"Photic Stimulation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reinforcement (Psychology)",
"Reward",
"Self Administration"
]
} | Nicotine influences operant behavior in two ways: by acting as a primary reinforcer when it is contingent upon behavior, and by directly potentiating the reinforcing properties of other stimuli through a nonassociative mechanism. Nicotine self-administration and smoking may be largely dependent upon this later action. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is operant responding for a visual reinforcer in rats enhanced by noncontingent nicotine : implications for nicotine self-administration and reinforcement?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Current conceptualizations of drug reinforcement assume that drug-taking behavior is a consequence of the contingent, temporal relationship between the behavior and drug reward. However, stimulant drugs also potentiate the rewarding effects of other reinforcers when administered noncontingently.', 'These studies were designed to determine whether noncontingent nicotine enhances the reinforcing properties of a nonpharmacological reinforcer and whether this direct effect facilitates operant behavior within the context of a nicotine self-administration procedure.', 'Rats self-administered nicotine or food, or received noncontingent nicotine, saline, or food either with or without a response-contingent, unconditioned reinforcing visual stimulus (VS).', 'Noncontingent nicotine, whether delivered as discrete injections based on a pattern of self-administered nicotine or as a continuous infusion, increased response rates maintained by the VS. There were no significant differences in responding by animals that received contingent compared with noncontingent nicotine when a VS was available. This increase was not observed in the absence of the VS or as a consequence of noncontingent food delivery. Operant behavior was equally attenuated and reinstated by the removal and subsequent replacement of contingent and noncontingent nicotine. Nicotine supported self-administration in the absence of response-contingent, nicotine-paired stimuli; however, response rates were drastically reduced compared with nicotine self-administration with the VS.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reinforcement (Psychology)', 'Reward', 'Self Administration']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,297 | Does depression influence the EDI scores in anorexia nervosa patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the influence of the severity of depression on the eating disorder's inventory (EDI) scores in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.",
"We compared by variance analysis the EDI scores from three groups of AN patients: 55 patients having a major depression (as assessed by a Beck's depression inventory (BDI) >/= 16); 77 patients having a less severe depression (BDI < 16); 32 patients with mild or non-existent depression (BDI </= 7) and the EDI scores from a control group of 29 French healthy young women.",
"Higher EDI scores were elicited in the more severely depressed AN patients than in the less- or non-depressed AN patients (P < 0.01). In non-depressed AN patients, none of the scores was different from those of the control group. This was particularly true for the scores \"Slimness wish\", \"bulimia\", \"body image dissatisfaction\", \"perfectionism\" and \"fear of maturity\". The non-depressed restrictive AN patients had no score which differ from healthy controls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anorexia",
"Body Image",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Comorbidity",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Personality Inventory",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | The present results suggested that the EDI scores are clearly influenced by the severity of depression. Among the psychopathological and behavioural traits assessed with the EDI, only a few were not related to depressive symptoms: "feeling of inefficiency" and "distrust in interpersonal relations". | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does depression influence the EDI scores in anorexia nervosa patients?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To study the influence of the severity of depression on the eating disorder's inventory (EDI) scores in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.\", \"We compared by variance analysis the EDI scores from three groups of AN patients: 55 patients having a major depression (as assessed by a Beck's depression inventory (BDI) >/= 16); 77 patients having a less severe depression (BDI < 16); 32 patients with mild or non-existent depression (BDI </= 7) and the EDI scores from a control group of 29 French healthy young women.\", 'Higher EDI scores were elicited in the more severely depressed AN patients than in the less- or non-depressed AN patients (P < 0.01). In non-depressed AN patients, none of the scores was different from those of the control group. This was particularly true for the scores \"Slimness wish\", \"bulimia\", \"body image dissatisfaction\", \"perfectionism\" and \"fear of maturity\". The non-depressed restrictive AN patients had no score which differ from healthy controls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anorexia', 'Body Image', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Personality Inventory', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,771 | Do endothelial cells release phenotypically and quantitatively distinct microparticles in activation and apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial cells (EC) shed endothelial microparticles (EMP) in activation and apoptosis.",
"We compared the antigenic expression of EMP species released during activation as compared to apoptosis, in three cell lines.",
"EC from renal and brain microvascular (MiVEC) and coronary macrovascular (MaVEC) origin were incubated with TNF-alpha to induce activation, or deprived of growth factors to induce apoptosis. Antigens expressed on EMP and EC were assayed flow cytometrically and included constitutive markers (CD31, CD51/61, CD105), inducible markers (CD54, CD62E and CD106), and annexin V binding.",
"It was found that in apoptosis, constitutive markers in EMP were markedly increased (CD31>CD105), with a concomitant decrease in expression in EC. Annexin V EC surface binding and annexin V+ EMP were more sharply increased in apoptosis than in activation. In contrast, in activation, inducible markers in EMP were markedly increased in both EMP and EC (CD62E>CD54>CD106). Coronary MaVEC released significantly less EMP than MiVEC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigens, CD",
"Apoptosis",
"Biomarkers",
"Brain",
"Cell Line",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Exocytosis",
"Humans",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Kidney"
]
} | EC release qualitatively and quantitatively distinct EMP during activation compared to apoptosis. Analysis of EMP phenotypic signatures may provide clinically useful information on the status of the endothelium. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endothelial cells release phenotypically and quantitatively distinct microparticles in activation and apoptosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endothelial cells (EC) shed endothelial microparticles (EMP) in activation and apoptosis.', 'We compared the antigenic expression of EMP species released during activation as compared to apoptosis, in three cell lines.', 'EC from renal and brain microvascular (MiVEC) and coronary macrovascular (MaVEC) origin were incubated with TNF-alpha to induce activation, or deprived of growth factors to induce apoptosis. Antigens expressed on EMP and EC were assayed flow cytometrically and included constitutive markers (CD31, CD51/61, CD105), inducible markers (CD54, CD62E and CD106), and annexin V binding.', 'It was found that in apoptosis, constitutive markers in EMP were markedly increased (CD31>CD105), with a concomitant decrease in expression in EC. Annexin V EC surface binding and annexin V+ EMP were more sharply increased in apoptosis than in activation. In contrast, in activation, inducible markers in EMP were markedly increased in both EMP and EC (CD62E>CD54>CD106). Coronary MaVEC released significantly less EMP than MiVEC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigens, CD', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Cell Line', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Exocytosis', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Kidney']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,778,389 | Do neuroblastoma cells inhibit the immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for induction of antitumor immunity. Recent studies suggest that tumors may avoid immune destruction by inhibiting DC function. The authors investigated the effect of neuroblastoma (NB) on surface antigen expression and T cell activation by DCs.",
"DCs were generated in the presence of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) from peripheral blood of healthy donors. On day 6 of culture, DCs were exposed to human NB cells and were analyzed by flow cytometry.",
"The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) failed to upregulate the expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecule CD86 by DCs that were cultured with NB. Conversely, upregulation was preserved when DCs were cultured in the absence of NB. Exposure to NB also led to apoptosis of DCs as shown by 2-fold increase in surface phosphatidylserine. It appears that direct contact was required to inhibit DC maturation, because DCs separated from NB cells using a transwell insert did not suppress surface antigen expression. Finally, DCs exposed to NB inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigen Presentation",
"Antigens, CD",
"Apoptosis",
"B7-2 Antigen",
"Cell Communication",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Neuroblastoma",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Tumor Escape",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These findings have significant implications for tumor-pulsed DC vaccines in the treatment of NB and suggest a mechanism by which NB escape rejection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do neuroblastoma cells inhibit the immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for induction of antitumor immunity. Recent studies suggest that tumors may avoid immune destruction by inhibiting DC function. The authors investigated the effect of neuroblastoma (NB) on surface antigen expression and T cell activation by DCs.', 'DCs were generated in the presence of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) from peripheral blood of healthy donors. On day 6 of culture, DCs were exposed to human NB cells and were analyzed by flow cytometry.', 'The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) failed to upregulate the expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecule CD86 by DCs that were cultured with NB. Conversely, upregulation was preserved when DCs were cultured in the absence of NB. Exposure to NB also led to apoptosis of DCs as shown by 2-fold increase in surface phosphatidylserine. It appears that direct contact was required to inhibit DC maturation, because DCs separated from NB cells using a transwell insert did not suppress surface antigen expression. Finally, DCs exposed to NB inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigen Presentation', 'Antigens, CD', 'Apoptosis', 'B7-2 Antigen', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Neuroblastoma', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Escape', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,778,381 | Does advanced neuroblastoma impair dendritic cell function in adoptive immunotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors previously described the complete regression of established neuroblastoma (NB) by the adoptive transfer of syngeneic interleukin-12 transduced dendritic cells (DC) from naive mice. However, some malignancies, like NB, abrogate DC immunostimulation. The authors hypothesize that IL-12 transduction of DC from NB-bearing mice will have the same antitumor properties.",
"A/J mice (n = 32) with established NB received peritumoral injection of 1 x 10(6) DC (DC, IL-12 DC, day 7 IL-12 DC or day 14 IL-12 DC) on day 7. Tumor growth, phenotype, and ability to induce NK and T cell activity were measured.",
"Vaccination with naive admIL-12 DC resulted in 100% tumor regression and prolonged survival. Transduced DC induced only partial responses in 75% (day 7) and 25% (day 14) of animals. No differences in phenotype or effector cell activation were noted between admIL-12DC in tumor-bearing or naive mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Immunotherapy, Adoptive",
"Interleukin-12",
"Killer Cells, Natural",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred A",
"Neuroblastoma",
"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | IL-12 DC from tumor-bearing animals have a decreased ability to induce antitumor activity against established murine NB. This decreased capacity appears to be related to the duration of exposure to tumor because day 14 transduced DC had less of an effect than day 7 DC, despite similar phenotypes and ability to activate immune effector cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does advanced neuroblastoma impair dendritic cell function in adoptive immunotherapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The authors previously described the complete regression of established neuroblastoma (NB) by the adoptive transfer of syngeneic interleukin-12 transduced dendritic cells (DC) from naive mice. However, some malignancies, like NB, abrogate DC immunostimulation. The authors hypothesize that IL-12 transduction of DC from NB-bearing mice will have the same antitumor properties.', 'A/J mice (n = 32) with established NB received peritumoral injection of 1 x 10(6) DC (DC, IL-12 DC, day 7 IL-12 DC or day 14 IL-12 DC) on day 7. Tumor growth, phenotype, and ability to induce NK and T cell activity were measured.', 'Vaccination with naive admIL-12 DC resulted in 100% tumor regression and prolonged survival. Transduced DC induced only partial responses in 75% (day 7) and 25% (day 14) of animals. No differences in phenotype or effector cell activation were noted between admIL-12DC in tumor-bearing or naive mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Interleukin-12', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Neuroblastoma', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,778,384 | Does eGF receptor signaling affect bcl-2 family gene expression and apoptosis after massive small bowel resection? | {
"contexts": [
"After massive small bowel resection (SBR), enterocyte apoptosis is elevated and inversely correlates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether EGFR manipulation affects the expression of specific bcl-2 family members.",
"A 50% proximal SBR or sham operation was performed in 3 groups of mice control, after exogenous EGF, or mutant mice with defective EGFR signaling (waved-2). Apoptotic index (no. of apoptotic bodies per crypt), and bax (pro-apoptosis) and bcl-w (anti-apoptosis) protein expression was measured in the remnant ileum after 12, 24, and 72 hours.",
"Waved-2 mice with defective EGFR showed the greatest increase in apoptosis and altered the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of apoptosis after SBR. Conversely, EGF prevented the expected increase in apoptosis after SBR by shifting the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of cell survival."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Genes, bcl-2",
"Intestine, Small",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Multigene Family",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | After massive small bowel resection, inhibition of the EGFR accelerates the rate of apoptosis and modifies the expression of specific bcl-2 family members to favor apoptosis. These results further support a specific mechanistic pathway for the regulation of enterocyte apoptosis after SBR via EGFR signaling. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does eGF receptor signaling affect bcl-2 family gene expression and apoptosis after massive small bowel resection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['After massive small bowel resection (SBR), enterocyte apoptosis is elevated and inversely correlates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether EGFR manipulation affects the expression of specific bcl-2 family members.', 'A 50% proximal SBR or sham operation was performed in 3 groups of mice control, after exogenous EGF, or mutant mice with defective EGFR signaling (waved-2). Apoptotic index (no. of apoptotic bodies per crypt), and bax (pro-apoptosis) and bcl-w (anti-apoptosis) protein expression was measured in the remnant ileum after 12, 24, and 72 hours.', 'Waved-2 mice with defective EGFR showed the greatest increase in apoptosis and altered the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of apoptosis after SBR. Conversely, EGF prevented the expected increase in apoptosis after SBR by shifting the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of cell survival.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, bcl-2', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Multigene Family', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,540 | Is expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D associated with lymph node metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D by tumors is associated with metastasis to lymph nodes in mice. However, there are few reports concerning the clinical significance of VEGF-D protein in human carcinoma.",
"After confirming production of VEGF-D by eight colorectal carcinoma cell lines, we investigated relationships between the expression of VEGF-D protein, lymph node metastasis and postoperative survival in 83 colorectal carcinoma patients. mRNA levels in cell lines were evaluated using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and protein was detected by Western blotting in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in resected tissues using an antibody recognizing the processed form of the molecule.",
"Immunohistochemistry showed VEGF-D-positive staining in 26 of the 83 carcinomas (31%). There was a significant relationship between the presence of VEGF-D protein and the incidence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that VEGF-D protein expression was an independent factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Nonetheless, the presence or absence of VEGF-D protein had no significant impact on the survival of the patients (p = 0.15)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoma",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Endothelial Growth Factors",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Logistic Models",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Peritoneal Neoplasms",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Survival Analysis",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D"
]
} | These results suggest that the expression of VEGF-D protein could be useful in predicting the nodal status of colorectal carcinoma patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D associated with lymph node metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D by tumors is associated with metastasis to lymph nodes in mice. However, there are few reports concerning the clinical significance of VEGF-D protein in human carcinoma.', 'After confirming production of VEGF-D by eight colorectal carcinoma cell lines, we investigated relationships between the expression of VEGF-D protein, lymph node metastasis and postoperative survival in 83 colorectal carcinoma patients. mRNA levels in cell lines were evaluated using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and protein was detected by Western blotting in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in resected tissues using an antibody recognizing the processed form of the molecule.', 'Immunohistochemistry showed VEGF-D-positive staining in 26 of the 83 carcinomas (31%). There was a significant relationship between the presence of VEGF-D protein and the incidence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that VEGF-D protein expression was an independent factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Nonetheless, the presence or absence of VEGF-D protein had no significant impact on the survival of the patients (p = 0.15).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,583 | Is neonatal interleukin-12 capacity associated with variations in allergen-specific immune responses in the neonatal and postnatal periods? | {
"contexts": [
"A reduced capacity of antigen presenting cells (APC) to provide pro-T helper 1 (Th1) signals, such as IL-12, to T cells during early life may be implicated in the development of T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated allergic disease. In this study we examined the relationships between the capacity for IL-12 responses in the neonatal period and atopic risk (family allergy), in vitro T cell responses to allergens, and the subsequent development of allergic disease at 6 years.",
"The capacity of circulating neonatal (and maternal) APC to produce IL-12 p70 in response to LPS (and IFN-gamma) stimulation was assessed in a group of 60 children with previously well-characterized immune responses to allergens and atopic outcomes. The IL-12 responses were compared with allergen-induced lymphoproliferation (to house dust mite (HDM) ovalbumin (OVA), cat and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)) and IL-13 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses (to OVA, HDM and phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)) in the neonatal and postnatal periods. IL-12 responses were also compared according to atopic risk and atopic outcomes (doctor-diagnosed asthma, eczema, food allergies and sensitization as evidenced by skin prick testing) at 6 years clinical follow-up.",
"Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) synthesized significantly greater amounts of IL-12 than neonatal PBMC, though within maternal-infant pairs IL-12 responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.4, P = 0.019). Moreover, neonatal IL-12 responses were positively correlated with neonatal allergen proliferation for HDM (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001), OVA (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001), cat (r = 0.5, P = 0.003) and BLG (r = 0.55, P = 0.001), but negatively correlated with neonatal IL-13 responses to both allergens tested (HDM: r = - 0.4, P = 0.03 and OVA: r = - 0.5, P = 0.001). Both neonatal and maternal IL-12 responses were positively correlated with postnatal IFN-gamma responses to HDM at 12, 18 and 24 months of age (responses after age of 2 years were not assessed). There was no relationship between atopic risk and IL-12 capacity in the neonatal period, but there was a (non-significant) trend for neonatal IL-12 responses to be lower in the high-risk children who developed clinical allergy at 6 years (compared with the low risk group) although the number in this analysis was small."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Allergens",
"Antigen-Presenting Cells",
"Cytokines",
"Fetal Blood",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-12",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Mitogens",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Reduced APC IL-12 production in the perinatal period was associated with reduced T cell activation (lymphoproliferation), stronger neonatal Th2 responses, and weaker Th1 responses to allergen in the postnatal period. This supports the notion that variations in APC function in early life may contribute to altered allergen-specific cytokine responses associated with later allergy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is neonatal interleukin-12 capacity associated with variations in allergen-specific immune responses in the neonatal and postnatal periods?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A reduced capacity of antigen presenting cells (APC) to provide pro-T helper 1 (Th1) signals, such as IL-12, to T cells during early life may be implicated in the development of T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated allergic disease. In this study we examined the relationships between the capacity for IL-12 responses in the neonatal period and atopic risk (family allergy), in vitro T cell responses to allergens, and the subsequent development of allergic disease at 6 years.', 'The capacity of circulating neonatal (and maternal) APC to produce IL-12 p70 in response to LPS (and IFN-gamma) stimulation was assessed in a group of 60 children with previously well-characterized immune responses to allergens and atopic outcomes. The IL-12 responses were compared with allergen-induced lymphoproliferation (to house dust mite (HDM) ovalbumin (OVA), cat and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)) and IL-13 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses (to OVA, HDM and phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)) in the neonatal and postnatal periods. IL-12 responses were also compared according to atopic risk and atopic outcomes (doctor-diagnosed asthma, eczema, food allergies and sensitization as evidenced by skin prick testing) at 6 years clinical follow-up.', 'Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) synthesized significantly greater amounts of IL-12 than neonatal PBMC, though within maternal-infant pairs IL-12 responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.4, P = 0.019). Moreover, neonatal IL-12 responses were positively correlated with neonatal allergen proliferation for HDM (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001), OVA (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001), cat (r = 0.5, P = 0.003) and BLG (r = 0.55, P = 0.001), but negatively correlated with neonatal IL-13 responses to both allergens tested (HDM: r = - 0.4, P = 0.03 and OVA: r = - 0.5, P = 0.001). Both neonatal and maternal IL-12 responses were positively correlated with postnatal IFN-gamma responses to HDM at 12, 18 and 24 months of age (responses after age of 2 years were not assessed). There was no relationship between atopic risk and IL-12 capacity in the neonatal period, but there was a (non-significant) trend for neonatal IL-12 responses to be lower in the high-risk children who developed clinical allergy at 6 years (compared with the low risk group) although the number in this analysis was small.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Allergens', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Cytokines', 'Fetal Blood', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-12', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mitogens', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,842 | Does tonography demonstrate reduced facility of outflow of aqueous humor in myocilin mutation carriers? | {
"contexts": [
"To demonstrate the effect in vivo of the myocilin gene mutation Thr377Met on outflow facility of aqueous humor, as measured by tonography.",
"Forty-two members of a pedigree known to carry the Thr377Met mutation were examined for glaucoma, evaluated with tonography, and screened for myocilin mutations. Tonography was used to calculate the coefficient of aqueous outflow facility (C), as well as the ratio of the resting intraocular pressure to C (P(0)/C). Subjects were reexamined for glaucoma 5 years after tonography.",
"Seven subjects were excluded because of previous treatment known to alter facility of aqueous outflow. The mean outflow facility of the eyes of the 12 subjects carrying the Thr377Met mutation was significantly reduced compared with the 23 non-carriers' eyes using both C (P<0.001) and P(0)/C (P<0.001). Reduced outflow facility was also demonstrated in those mutation carriers who were not yet expressing clinical signs of glaucoma or ocular hypertension when measured using C (P = 0.015) and P(0)/C (P = 0.001). After 5 years, progression towards glaucoma had occurred in 5 of the myocilin mutation-carriers, 2 of whom showed bilateral progression; 3 carriers remained completely normal. Four subjects had bilateral glaucoma at the outset and remained unchanged. The carriers' eyes that progressed towards glaucoma had reduced outflow facility compared with those that remained normal, although the difference was not statistically significant."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aqueous Humor",
"Cytoskeletal Proteins",
"Disease Progression",
"Eye Proteins",
"Glaucoma",
"Glycoproteins",
"Heterozygote",
"Humans",
"Mutation",
"Pedigree",
"Tonometry, Ocular",
"Trabecular Meshwork"
]
} | Carriers of the myocilin Thr377Met mutation have reduced outflow facility, which may be detected prior to developing glaucoma. Tonography was not seen to be clinically useful in predicting progression towards glaucoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tonography demonstrate reduced facility of outflow of aqueous humor in myocilin mutation carriers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To demonstrate the effect in vivo of the myocilin gene mutation Thr377Met on outflow facility of aqueous humor, as measured by tonography.', 'Forty-two members of a pedigree known to carry the Thr377Met mutation were examined for glaucoma, evaluated with tonography, and screened for myocilin mutations. Tonography was used to calculate the coefficient of aqueous outflow facility (C), as well as the ratio of the resting intraocular pressure to C (P(0)/C). Subjects were reexamined for glaucoma 5 years after tonography.', \"Seven subjects were excluded because of previous treatment known to alter facility of aqueous outflow. The mean outflow facility of the eyes of the 12 subjects carrying the Thr377Met mutation was significantly reduced compared with the 23 non-carriers' eyes using both C (P<0.001) and P(0)/C (P<0.001). Reduced outflow facility was also demonstrated in those mutation carriers who were not yet expressing clinical signs of glaucoma or ocular hypertension when measured using C (P = 0.015) and P(0)/C (P = 0.001). After 5 years, progression towards glaucoma had occurred in 5 of the myocilin mutation-carriers, 2 of whom showed bilateral progression; 3 carriers remained completely normal. Four subjects had bilateral glaucoma at the outset and remained unchanged. The carriers' eyes that progressed towards glaucoma had reduced outflow facility compared with those that remained normal, although the difference was not statistically significant.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aqueous Humor', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Disease Progression', 'Eye Proteins', 'Glaucoma', 'Glycoproteins', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Trabecular Meshwork']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,021 | Do serum levels of cytokines correlate to donor chimerism and acute graft-vs.-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Some patients become full donor chimeras (DC) early after stem-cell transplantation (SCT), while others remain mixed chimeras for a longer time. Little is known about the mechanism behind these phenomena.",
"Serum cytokine levels during conditioning and during the first month after SCT were analysed in 30 patients. Of the 21 patients who became full T-cell DC from the first analysed sample, 12 developed grade II-IV acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and the other nine, mild or no acute GVHD. Another nine patients were T-cell mixed chimeras (MC). All MC patients had no or mild acute GVHD.",
"During the pretransplant conditioning, DC patients had higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lower levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10, compared with MC patients. During the first week after SCT, lower levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 and higher levels of soluble Fas (sFas) were found in DC patients compared with MC patients. During the second and third weeks after SCT, increased levels of TNF-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and sFas were found among DC patients compared with MC patients. Patients who developed moderate-to-severe acute GVHD had higher levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and sFas at 2 weeks post-SCT than in those with less GVHD. Patients homozygous for the TNFd microsatellite alleles 3 or 4 had significantly higher TNF-alpha levels during conditioning and more often developed acute GVHD grades II-IV."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Graft vs Host Disease",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Transplantation Chimera",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | These results indicate that an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and immune- modulating cytokines are involved in the development of chimerism and acute GVHD after allo-SCT. The Fas/FasL pathway is probably involved in the elimination of recipient cells leading to full donor chimerism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do serum levels of cytokines correlate to donor chimerism and acute graft-vs.-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Some patients become full donor chimeras (DC) early after stem-cell transplantation (SCT), while others remain mixed chimeras for a longer time. Little is known about the mechanism behind these phenomena.', 'Serum cytokine levels during conditioning and during the first month after SCT were analysed in 30 patients. Of the 21 patients who became full T-cell DC from the first analysed sample, 12 developed grade II-IV acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and the other nine, mild or no acute GVHD. Another nine patients were T-cell mixed chimeras (MC). All MC patients had no or mild acute GVHD.', 'During the pretransplant conditioning, DC patients had higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lower levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10, compared with MC patients. During the first week after SCT, lower levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 and higher levels of soluble Fas (sFas) were found in DC patients compared with MC patients. During the second and third weeks after SCT, increased levels of TNF-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and sFas were found among DC patients compared with MC patients. Patients who developed moderate-to-severe acute GVHD had higher levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and sFas at 2 weeks post-SCT than in those with less GVHD. Patients homozygous for the TNFd microsatellite alleles 3 or 4 had significantly higher TNF-alpha levels during conditioning and more often developed acute GVHD grades II-IV.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transplantation Chimera', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,441 | Does the dynostatic algorithm accurately calculate alveolar pressure on-line during ventilator treatment in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Monitoring of respiratory mechanics during ventilator treatment in paediatric intensive care is currently based on pressure and flow measurements in the ventilator or at the Y-piece. The characteristics of the tracheal tube will modify the pressures affecting the airways and alveoli in an unpredictable manner. The dynostatic algorithm (DSA), based on a one-compartment lung model, calculates the alveolar pressure during on-going ventilation. The DSA is based on accurate measurement of tracheal pressure. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the DSA in a paediatric lung model and to apply the concept in an observational clinical study in children.",
"We validated the DSA in a paediatric lung model with linear, nonlinear pressure flow and frequency-dependent characteristics by comparing calculated dynostatic (alveolar) pressures with directly measured alveolar pressures in the model and proximal plateau pressure with maximum alveolar pressure. Sixty combinations of ventilation modes, positive end expiratory pressures, inspiratory : expiratory ratios, volumes and frequencies were studied. A 0.25-mm fibreoptic pressure transducer in the tube lumen was used in combination with volume and flow from ventilator signals. Clinical measurements were performed in eight patients during anaesthesia and postoperative ventilator treatment.",
"In the lung model we found a correlation coefficient between calculated and measured alveolar pressure of 0.93-0.99 with root mean square median values of 1 cm H2O. Distal plateau pressure agreed well with maximum alveolar pressure. In the clinical situation, the algorithm provided a breath-by-breath display of the volume-dependent lung compliance and the temporal course of alveolar pressure during uninterrupted ventilation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Models, Biological",
"Online Systems",
"Pulmonary Alveoli",
"Respiration, Artificial",
"Respiratory Mechanics"
]
} | Fibreoptic measurement of tracheal pressure in combination with the dynostatic calculation of alveolar pressure provides an on-line monitoring of the effects of ventilatory mode in terms of volume-dependent compliance, tracheal peak pressure and true positive end expiratory pressure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the dynostatic algorithm accurately calculate alveolar pressure on-line during ventilator treatment in children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Monitoring of respiratory mechanics during ventilator treatment in paediatric intensive care is currently based on pressure and flow measurements in the ventilator or at the Y-piece. The characteristics of the tracheal tube will modify the pressures affecting the airways and alveoli in an unpredictable manner. The dynostatic algorithm (DSA), based on a one-compartment lung model, calculates the alveolar pressure during on-going ventilation. The DSA is based on accurate measurement of tracheal pressure. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the DSA in a paediatric lung model and to apply the concept in an observational clinical study in children.', 'We validated the DSA in a paediatric lung model with linear, nonlinear pressure flow and frequency-dependent characteristics by comparing calculated dynostatic (alveolar) pressures with directly measured alveolar pressures in the model and proximal plateau pressure with maximum alveolar pressure. Sixty combinations of ventilation modes, positive end expiratory pressures, inspiratory : expiratory ratios, volumes and frequencies were studied. A 0.25-mm fibreoptic pressure transducer in the tube lumen was used in combination with volume and flow from ventilator signals. Clinical measurements were performed in eight patients during anaesthesia and postoperative ventilator treatment.', 'In the lung model we found a correlation coefficient between calculated and measured alveolar pressure of 0.93-0.99 with root mean square median values of 1 cm H2O. Distal plateau pressure agreed well with maximum alveolar pressure. In the clinical situation, the algorithm provided a breath-by-breath display of the volume-dependent lung compliance and the temporal course of alveolar pressure during uninterrupted ventilation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Models, Biological', 'Online Systems', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Mechanics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,604 | Do heat shock protein 70-2+1267 AA homozygotes have an increased risk of septic shock in adults with community-acquired pneumonia? | {
"contexts": [
"Heat shock protein (HSP)70-2 is an important immunomodulatory protein induced in response to inflammatory stimuli. We assessed whether HSP70-2+1267 genotype influenced the risk of septic shock in a prospective cohort study of community-acquired pneumonia and whether HSP70-2+1267 genotype is a better predictor of septic shock than the genotype at lymphotoxin-alpha +250.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"A large, nonprofit, private hospital system in Memphis, TN.",
"Adults admitted with community-acquired pneumonia between 1998 and 2001. Septic shock was defined according to consensus criteria (American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine, 1992).",
"Blood sampling.",
"A total of 343 subjects were enrolled; 30 had septic shock. HSP70-2+1267 and lymphotoxin-alpha +250 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. HSP70-2+1267 AA genotype was the strongest predictor of septic shock (p =.0005; relative risk, 3.5). Lymphotoxin-alpha +250 AA genotype was also associated with an increased risk of septic shock (p =.002; relative risk, 2.7). Logistic regression analysis found only age (p =.04) and HSP70-2+1267 genotype (p =.006) were predictors of septic shock. The greatest risk of septic shock was associated with carriage of the HSP70-2+1267 A/lymphotoxin-alpha +250 A haplotype (p <.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"APACHE",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Community-Acquired Infections",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Haplotypes",
"Heterozygote",
"Homozygote",
"Humans",
"Lymphotoxin-alpha",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonia, Bacterial",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Shock, Septic",
"Tennessee",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | HSP70-2+1267 genotype is a stronger predictor of septic shock in patients with community-acquired pneumonia than lymphotoxin-alpha +250 genotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do heat shock protein 70-2+1267 AA homozygotes have an increased risk of septic shock in adults with community-acquired pneumonia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Heat shock protein (HSP)70-2 is an important immunomodulatory protein induced in response to inflammatory stimuli. We assessed whether HSP70-2+1267 genotype influenced the risk of septic shock in a prospective cohort study of community-acquired pneumonia and whether HSP70-2+1267 genotype is a better predictor of septic shock than the genotype at lymphotoxin-alpha +250.', 'Prospective cohort study.', 'A large, nonprofit, private hospital system in Memphis, TN.', 'Adults admitted with community-acquired pneumonia between 1998 and 2001. Septic shock was defined according to consensus criteria (American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine, 1992).', 'Blood sampling.', 'A total of 343 subjects were enrolled; 30 had septic shock. HSP70-2+1267 and lymphotoxin-alpha +250 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. HSP70-2+1267 AA genotype was the strongest predictor of septic shock (p =.0005; relative risk, 3.5). Lymphotoxin-alpha +250 AA genotype was also associated with an increased risk of septic shock (p =.002; relative risk, 2.7). Logistic regression analysis found only age (p =.04) and HSP70-2+1267 genotype (p =.006) were predictors of septic shock. The greatest risk of septic shock was associated with carriage of the HSP70-2+1267 A/lymphotoxin-alpha +250 A haplotype (p <.0001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['APACHE', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Haplotypes', 'Heterozygote', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Lymphotoxin-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Shock, Septic', 'Tennessee', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,631 | Does midazolam exhibit characteristics of a highly permeable P-glycoprotein substrate? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate whether midazolam exhibits characteristics of a highly permeable P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and to evaluate the potential influence of P-gp inhibition on 1-OH midazolam formation during midazolam transport.",
"P-gp interaction was investigated by P-gp ATPase assay, efflux inhibition studies, and transport studies of midazolam across MDR1-MDCK and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3-induced Caco-2 monolayers with and without the P-gp inhibitor GF120918.",
"Midazolam was highly permeable and transport appeared essentially unpolarized. In MDR1-MDCK, the basolateral-to-apical (B-to-A) permeability was slightly higher (16%) than apical-to-basolateral (A-to-B) permeability (p = 0.04); GF120918 increased A-to-B permeability by 27% (p = 0.01), and increased cellular midazolam accumulation during A-to-B transport by 45% (p = 0.01). Midazolam (200 microM) decreased rhodamine123 and vinblastine B/A ratios 3-fold (p < 0.006), while increasing their cellular accumulation (p < 0.003). P-gp ATPase activation by midazolam was dose-dependent and saturable [Km = 11.5(+/- 4.0) microM; Vmax = 41.1(+/- 7.4) nmol/mg/min]. P-gp inhibition increased 1-OH midazolam formation in A-to-B studies 1.3-fold when midazolam donor > or = 10 microM (p < 0.03). In B-to-A studies, P-gp inhibition did not significantly increase metabolite formation (p = 0.06). Midazolam's extraction ratio was not influenced by P-gp (p = 0.2)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1",
"Animals",
"Biological Transport",
"Caco-2 Cells",
"Cell Line",
"Dogs",
"Humans",
"Midazolam",
"Permeability",
"Substrate Specificity"
]
} | The results indicate that midazolam exhibited characteristics of a highly permeable P-gp substrate. 1-OH midazolam formation during A-to-B midazolam transport increased slightly when P-gp was inhibited. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does midazolam exhibit characteristics of a highly permeable P-glycoprotein substrate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to investigate whether midazolam exhibits characteristics of a highly permeable P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and to evaluate the potential influence of P-gp inhibition on 1-OH midazolam formation during midazolam transport.', 'P-gp interaction was investigated by P-gp ATPase assay, efflux inhibition studies, and transport studies of midazolam across MDR1-MDCK and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3-induced Caco-2 monolayers with and without the P-gp inhibitor GF120918.', \"Midazolam was highly permeable and transport appeared essentially unpolarized. In MDR1-MDCK, the basolateral-to-apical (B-to-A) permeability was slightly higher (16%) than apical-to-basolateral (A-to-B) permeability (p = 0.04); GF120918 increased A-to-B permeability by 27% (p = 0.01), and increased cellular midazolam accumulation during A-to-B transport by 45% (p = 0.01). Midazolam (200 microM) decreased rhodamine123 and vinblastine B/A ratios 3-fold (p < 0.006), while increasing their cellular accumulation (p < 0.003). P-gp ATPase activation by midazolam was dose-dependent and saturable [Km = 11.5(+/- 4.0) microM; Vmax = 41.1(+/- 7.4) nmol/mg/min]. P-gp inhibition increased 1-OH midazolam formation in A-to-B studies 1.3-fold when midazolam donor > or = 10 microM (p < 0.03). In B-to-A studies, P-gp inhibition did not significantly increase metabolite formation (p = 0.06). Midazolam's extraction ratio was not influenced by P-gp (p = 0.2).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Line', 'Dogs', 'Humans', 'Midazolam', 'Permeability', 'Substrate Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,217 | Does intraaortic filtration capture particulate debris in OPCAB cases using anastomotic devices? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies associate atheroemboli with neurologic complications following cardiac surgery. The International Council of Emboli Management (ICEM) has demonstrated debris is captured when intraaortic filtration is employed during cardiac surgery. Particulate debris has been extracted from over 98% of ICEM patients and fibrous atheroma from 73%. Anastomotic device use may reduce aortic manipulation, minimizing debris. This study compares particulate capture among three patient groups: Cohort 1 (n = 745) patients receiving on-pump CABG-only procedures; Cohort 2 (n = 24) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with conventional anastomoses; Cohort 3 (n = 10) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with automatic proximal anastomoses.",
"The intraaortic filter was placed distal to anastomoses, and proximal to the innominate artery. Upon removal, filters were fixed in formalin and shipped to a core lab (Stanford, CA). Demographic, procedural, and outcomes data were collected in the ICEM Registry.",
"Of the 745 patients receiving stopped-heart CABG, complete data on preoperative risk factors was reported for 673 patients. At least 19 patients reported complete data in Cohort 2, and 10 reported in Cohort 3. One adverse outcome, a death, occurred in the 24 off-pump patients reporting (4.2%). Histologic analyses showing the number of filters successfully extracting particles, the number of particles and total particulate surface area per filter, and the ranges are shown in below. Histologic Finding Cohort 1 Cohort 2 Cohort 3 Filters with particles 98% 100% 100% Mean # of particles 8.5 9.6 5.6 Range # of particles 0-76 1-29 2-13 Mean surface area (mm2) 11.8 18.4 6.1 Range surface area (mm2) 0-171 0.5-61 0.2-14"
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aorta",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Hemofiltration",
"Humans",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | These data clearly suggest that there is no difference between the amount of particulate debris generated in OPCAB cases versus CPB cases. In OPCAB cases where an anastomosis device was used without a partial clamp, particulate debris may be reduced but not eliminated. These findings may demonstrate the importance of aortic manipulation, particularly clamping, as a source of particulate material in cardiac surgery. However, more study needs to be done to confirm these findings with a larger number of patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intraaortic filtration capture particulate debris in OPCAB cases using anastomotic devices?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Studies associate atheroemboli with neurologic complications following cardiac surgery. The International Council of Emboli Management (ICEM) has demonstrated debris is captured when intraaortic filtration is employed during cardiac surgery. Particulate debris has been extracted from over 98% of ICEM patients and fibrous atheroma from 73%. Anastomotic device use may reduce aortic manipulation, minimizing debris. This study compares particulate capture among three patient groups: Cohort 1 (n = 745) patients receiving on-pump CABG-only procedures; Cohort 2 (n = 24) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with conventional anastomoses; Cohort 3 (n = 10) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with automatic proximal anastomoses.', 'The intraaortic filter was placed distal to anastomoses, and proximal to the innominate artery. Upon removal, filters were fixed in formalin and shipped to a core lab (Stanford, CA). Demographic, procedural, and outcomes data were collected in the ICEM Registry.', 'Of the 745 patients receiving stopped-heart CABG, complete data on preoperative risk factors was reported for 673 patients. At least 19 patients reported complete data in Cohort 2, and 10 reported in Cohort 3. One adverse outcome, a death, occurred in the 24 off-pump patients reporting (4.2%). Histologic analyses showing the number of filters successfully extracting particles, the number of particles and total particulate surface area per filter, and the ranges are shown in below. Histologic Finding Cohort 1 Cohort 2 Cohort 3 Filters with particles 98% 100% 100% Mean # of particles 8.5 9.6 5.6 Range # of particles 0-76 1-29 2-13 Mean surface area (mm2) 11.8 18.4 6.1 Range surface area (mm2) 0-171 0.5-61 0.2-14'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aorta', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Hemofiltration', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,685 | Do endodontic treatment of permanent teeth in children with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste? | {
"contexts": [
"AIM, MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endodontic treatment of a total of 303 teeth with pulpitis and periodontitis was performed with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste. In three children with fractured teeth with complications, the applied treatment was combined (2 teeth with apical osteotomy and 1 with cystectomy). Control examinations were carried out at months 6, 12 and 24 and clinically healthy teeth and teeth with complications were registered.",
"In the pulpitis group the clinically healthy teeth were 97.55% +/- 1.08 at the 6th month; 96.85% +/- 1.26 at the 12th month and 92.92% +/- 2.41 at the 24th month. In teeth with periodontitis 91.56% +/- 3.05 were clinically healthy at the 6th month; 93.83% +/- 2.67 at the 12th month and 98.03% +/- 1.98 at the 24th month. No statistical significance of the differences between pulpites and periodontites was found (P > 0.05). Recovery of the bone structure was observed in the teeth with combined endodontic and surgical treatment at the 12th month."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Calcium",
"Child",
"Formaldehyde",
"Humans",
"Ointments",
"Periodontitis",
"Reference Values",
"Tooth",
"Tooth Diseases",
"Urea"
]
} | The calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste stimulates bone regeneration and closing of the apex without coloring the hard dental tissues. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endodontic treatment of permanent teeth in children with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste?\nContext: {'contexts': ['AIM, MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endodontic treatment of a total of 303 teeth with pulpitis and periodontitis was performed with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste. In three children with fractured teeth with complications, the applied treatment was combined (2 teeth with apical osteotomy and 1 with cystectomy). Control examinations were carried out at months 6, 12 and 24 and clinically healthy teeth and teeth with complications were registered.', 'In the pulpitis group the clinically healthy teeth were 97.55% +/- 1.08 at the 6th month; 96.85% +/- 1.26 at the 12th month and 92.92% +/- 2.41 at the 24th month. In teeth with periodontitis 91.56% +/- 3.05 were clinically healthy at the 6th month; 93.83% +/- 2.67 at the 12th month and 98.03% +/- 1.98 at the 24th month. No statistical significance of the differences between pulpites and periodontites was found (P > 0.05). Recovery of the bone structure was observed in the teeth with combined endodontic and surgical treatment at the 12th month.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Calcium', 'Child', 'Formaldehyde', 'Humans', 'Ointments', 'Periodontitis', 'Reference Values', 'Tooth', 'Tooth Diseases', 'Urea']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,896 | Do kidneys in hypertensive rats show reduced response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition as evaluated by BOLD MRI? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether the noninvasive technique of blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) can detect changes in renal medullary oxygenation following administration of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and is characterized by a lack of response to endothelial-dependent vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the change would be reduced in the kidneys of hypertensive subjects relative to normal controls.",
"To test this hypothesis, data were obtained in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 6). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7) were used as normotensive controls.",
"As expected, WKY rats showed a significant response to L-NAME (R(2)* increasing from 23.6+/-1.5 Hz to 32.5+/-2.2 Hz, P < 0.05), while SHR exhibited a minimal change in medullary oxygenation (R(2)* measuring 31.9+/-2.8 Hz pre- and 35.5+/-2.2 Hz post-L-NAME). The baseline R(2)* in SHR is found to be comparable to post-L-NAME values in WKY rats, suggesting a basal deficiency of nitric oxide in SHR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Hypertension",
"Kidney",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred SHR",
"Rats, Inbred WKY",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Based on the differential effect of NO synthase inhibition on medullary oxygenation, BOLD MRI can distinguish hypertensive from normal kidney. Our results are consistent with previously reported observations using invasive methods. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do kidneys in hypertensive rats show reduced response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition as evaluated by BOLD MRI?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine whether the noninvasive technique of blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) can detect changes in renal medullary oxygenation following administration of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and is characterized by a lack of response to endothelial-dependent vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the change would be reduced in the kidneys of hypertensive subjects relative to normal controls.', 'To test this hypothesis, data were obtained in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 6). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7) were used as normotensive controls.', 'As expected, WKY rats showed a significant response to L-NAME (R(2)* increasing from 23.6+/-1.5 Hz to 32.5+/-2.2 Hz, P < 0.05), while SHR exhibited a minimal change in medullary oxygenation (R(2)* measuring 31.9+/-2.8 Hz pre- and 35.5+/-2.2 Hz post-L-NAME). The baseline R(2)* in SHR is found to be comparable to post-L-NAME values in WKY rats, suggesting a basal deficiency of nitric oxide in SHR.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,772,774 | Is selective COX-2 inhibition associated with decreased mucosal damage induced by acid and pepsin in rabbit esophagitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of COX-1 and/or COX-2 inhibition in a model of chronic esophagitis in rabbits.",
"Both high- and low-grade esophagitis were induced in rabbits by the perfusion of acidified pepsin. Rabbits were treated with either a selective COX-2 inhibitor (DFU[3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-(4-Methanesulfonyl)-5,5-Dimethyl-5H-Furan-2-One];30 mg/Kg/day), a nonspecific COX inhibitor (indomethacin; 2 mg/Kg/day), or a COX-1 preferential inhibitor (piroxicam; 2 mg/Kg/12 h).",
"Prostaglandins are derived from COX-1 activity in the normal esophagus. Both low- and high-grade esophagitis are associated with a progressive increase of COX activity, which is partially dependent on the COX-2 isoform. DFU reduced muscosal damage in both models of esophagitis. However, indomethacin did not affect significantly mucosal damage, and piroxicam increased damage in low-grade esophagitis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acids",
"Animals",
"Cyclooxygenase 1",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors",
"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors",
"Esophagitis",
"Furans",
"Indomethacin",
"Isoenzymes",
"Mouth Mucosa",
"Pepsin A",
"Piroxicam",
"Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases",
"Prostaglandins",
"Rabbits"
]
} | COX-1 activity is constitutive in the rabbit esophageal mucosa, but both COX-2 and COX-1 activity are increased under the impact of acidified pepsin. Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor DFU is associated with improvement of mucosal damage, which may have therapeutic implications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is selective COX-2 inhibition associated with decreased mucosal damage induced by acid and pepsin in rabbit esophagitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the effects of COX-1 and/or COX-2 inhibition in a model of chronic esophagitis in rabbits.', 'Both high- and low-grade esophagitis were induced in rabbits by the perfusion of acidified pepsin. Rabbits were treated with either a selective COX-2 inhibitor (DFU[3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-(4-Methanesulfonyl)-5,5-Dimethyl-5H-Furan-2-One];30 mg/Kg/day), a nonspecific COX inhibitor (indomethacin; 2 mg/Kg/day), or a COX-1 preferential inhibitor (piroxicam; 2 mg/Kg/12 h).', 'Prostaglandins are derived from COX-1 activity in the normal esophagus. Both low- and high-grade esophagitis are associated with a progressive increase of COX activity, which is partially dependent on the COX-2 isoform. DFU reduced muscosal damage in both models of esophagitis. However, indomethacin did not affect significantly mucosal damage, and piroxicam increased damage in low-grade esophagitis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acids', 'Animals', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Esophagitis', 'Furans', 'Indomethacin', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Pepsin A', 'Piroxicam', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Prostaglandins', 'Rabbits']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,777,902 | Is blood transfusion , independent of shock severity , associated with worse outcome in trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that blood transfusion in the first 24 hours is an independent predictor of mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and increased ICU length of stay in the acute trauma setting when controlling for Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and age. Indices of shock such as base deficit, serum lactate level, and admission hemodynamic status (systolic blood pressure, heart rate) and admission hematocrit were considered potential confounding variables in that study. The objectives of this study were to evaluate admission anemia and blood transfusion within the first 24 hours as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS, with serum lactate level, base deficit, and shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) as covariates.",
"Prospective data were collected on 15,534 patients admitted to a Level I trauma center over a 3-year period (1998-2000) and stratified by age, gender, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score. Admission anemia and blood transfusion were assessed as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS by logistic regression analysis, with base deficit, serum lactate, and shock index as covariates.",
"Blood transfusion was a strong independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.40; p < 0.001), ICU admission (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.69-3.99; p < 0.001), ICU LOS (p < 0.001), and hospital LOS (Coef, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.79-5.94; p < 0.001) when stratified by indices of shock (base deficit, serum lactate, shock index, and anemia). Patients who underwent blood transfusion were almost three times more likely to die and greater than three times more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Admission anemia (hematocrit < 36%) was an independent predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.008), ICU LOS (p = 0.012), and hospital LOS (p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anemia",
"Blood Transfusion",
"Female",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Intensive Care Units",
"Length of Stay",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Patient Admission",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Shock",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Blood transfusion is confirmed as an independent predictor of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS in trauma after controlling for severity of shock by admission base deficit, lactate, shock index, and anemia. The use of other hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids (such as human or bovine hemoglobin substitutes) in the acute postinjury period warrants further investigation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is blood transfusion , independent of shock severity , associated with worse outcome in trauma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously shown that blood transfusion in the first 24 hours is an independent predictor of mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and increased ICU length of stay in the acute trauma setting when controlling for Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and age. Indices of shock such as base deficit, serum lactate level, and admission hemodynamic status (systolic blood pressure, heart rate) and admission hematocrit were considered potential confounding variables in that study. The objectives of this study were to evaluate admission anemia and blood transfusion within the first 24 hours as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS, with serum lactate level, base deficit, and shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) as covariates.', 'Prospective data were collected on 15,534 patients admitted to a Level I trauma center over a 3-year period (1998-2000) and stratified by age, gender, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score. Admission anemia and blood transfusion were assessed as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS by logistic regression analysis, with base deficit, serum lactate, and shock index as covariates.', 'Blood transfusion was a strong independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.40; p < 0.001), ICU admission (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.69-3.99; p < 0.001), ICU LOS (p < 0.001), and hospital LOS (Coef, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.79-5.94; p < 0.001) when stratified by indices of shock (base deficit, serum lactate, shock index, and anemia). Patients who underwent blood transfusion were almost three times more likely to die and greater than three times more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Admission anemia (hematocrit < 36%) was an independent predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.008), ICU LOS (p = 0.012), and hospital LOS (p < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anemia', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Female', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Patient Admission', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Shock', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,162 | Do plasma oxidative parameters and mortality in patients with severe burn injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter in survivors and nonsurvivors patients with severe burn injury.",
"Prospective, comparative observational study in an intensive care unit, burn division, in a trauma hospital.",
"Twenty-five consecutive patients who met the established criteria for severe burn injury (total burn surface area of more than 30%).",
"Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyls levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at 0 and 6 h. Elevated xanthine oxidase activity at 0 h was associated with adverse outcome after burn injury. In contrast, plasma superoxide dismutase activity and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter did not differ significantly between nonsurvivors and survivors at any time point."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Proteins",
"Burns",
"Critical Care",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Male",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Thiobarbiturates",
"Xanthine Oxidase"
]
} | For the first time we demonstrate the value of oxidative parameters, namely thiobarbituric acid reactive species, protein carbonyls, and xanthine oxidase activity, in identifying burn patients with a poor prognosis. Whether these parameters are merely markers of clinical course, or whether they signal specific deleterious effects of oxidative stress during the burn injury remains to be elucidated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do plasma oxidative parameters and mortality in patients with severe burn injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter in survivors and nonsurvivors patients with severe burn injury.', 'Prospective, comparative observational study in an intensive care unit, burn division, in a trauma hospital.', 'Twenty-five consecutive patients who met the established criteria for severe burn injury (total burn surface area of more than 30%).', 'Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyls levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at 0 and 6 h. Elevated xanthine oxidase activity at 0 h was associated with adverse outcome after burn injury. In contrast, plasma superoxide dismutase activity and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter did not differ significantly between nonsurvivors and survivors at any time point.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Proteins', 'Burns', 'Critical Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiobarbiturates', 'Xanthine Oxidase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,772,017 | Is intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery the significant predictor of angiographically proven coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown a relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and coronary artery disease (CAD). The role of IMT in the prediction of significant CAD has not been established.",
"To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IMT measurement and the detection of carotid plaques in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in the prediction of significant CAD.",
"One hundred and seventy patients (121 men and 49 women; average age 58 +/- 11 years) undergoing selective coronary angiography were examined by carotid ultrasound. IMT was measured. Plasma lipid concentrations and other risk factors were determined.",
"Angiographically proven significant CAD was found in 138 (81%) of all patients. Carotid plaques were detected in 98 (58%) of all patients. Presence of carotid plaques in common carotid artery (P<0.001) and male sex (P<0.005) were found to be categorical risk factors for significant CAD but in multiple regression analysis only age (P=0.15), IMT (P<0.01), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P=0.02) and, less significantly, total cholesterol (P=0.09) were found to be independent parameters for the prediction of significant CAD. IMT of 0.75 mm was determined as a cut-off point for the detection of significant CAD (sensitivity 78%, specificity 79%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 41%, odds ratio 12.9, 95% CI 3.5 to 47.6)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Carotid Artery, Common",
"Cholesterol",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Disease",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Regression Analysis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Sex Factors",
"Tunica Intima",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The increase in IMT is the significant positive predictor of angiographically proven CAD; other predictors are high age, low HDL cholesterol and, less significantly, high total cholesterol. Presence of carotid plaques and male sex do not add any new information for the prediction of CAD once the predictors are considered. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery the significant predictor of angiographically proven coronary artery disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous studies have shown a relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and coronary artery disease (CAD). The role of IMT in the prediction of significant CAD has not been established.', 'To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IMT measurement and the detection of carotid plaques in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in the prediction of significant CAD.', 'One hundred and seventy patients (121 men and 49 women; average age 58 +/- 11 years) undergoing selective coronary angiography were examined by carotid ultrasound. IMT was measured. Plasma lipid concentrations and other risk factors were determined.', 'Angiographically proven significant CAD was found in 138 (81%) of all patients. Carotid plaques were detected in 98 (58%) of all patients. Presence of carotid plaques in common carotid artery (P<0.001) and male sex (P<0.005) were found to be categorical risk factors for significant CAD but in multiple regression analysis only age (P=0.15), IMT (P<0.01), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P=0.02) and, less significantly, total cholesterol (P=0.09) were found to be independent parameters for the prediction of significant CAD. IMT of 0.75 mm was determined as a cut-off point for the detection of significant CAD (sensitivity 78%, specificity 79%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 41%, odds ratio 12.9, 95% CI 3.5 to 47.6).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cholesterol', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,621 | Does alcohol affect executive cognitive functioning differentially on the ascending versus descending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve? | {
"contexts": [
"Executive cognitive functioning (ECF), a construct that includes cognitive abilities such as planning, abstract reasoning, and the capacity to govern self-directed behavior, has been recently researched as an antecedent to many forms of psychopathology and has been implicated in alcohol-related aggression. This study was designed to examine whether differential ECF impairments can be noted on the ascending versus the descending limbs of the blood alcohol concentration curve.",
"Forty-one male university students participated in this study. Twenty-one subjects were given 1.32 ml of 95% alcohol per kilogram of body weight, mixed with orange juice, and the remaining 20 were given a placebo. Participants were randomly assigned to either an ascending or descending blood alcohol group and were tested on six tests of ECF on their assigned limb. Subjective mood data were also collected.",
"Intoxicated participants on both limbs demonstrated ECF impairment; the descending-limb group showed greater impairment than their ascending-limb counterparts. Intoxicated subjects were significantly more anxious at baseline than placebo subjects. The introduction of this covariate nullified any significant differences in subjective mood found on either limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve, but ECF impairments remained robust."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Alcoholic Intoxication",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Ethanol",
"Humans",
"Kinetics",
"Male",
"Placebos"
]
} | Our results support the conclusion that alcohol negatively affects cognitive performance and has a differential effect on the descending versus the ascending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve. The latter finding may have important ramifications relating to the detrimental consequences of alcohol intoxication. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does alcohol affect executive cognitive functioning differentially on the ascending versus descending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Executive cognitive functioning (ECF), a construct that includes cognitive abilities such as planning, abstract reasoning, and the capacity to govern self-directed behavior, has been recently researched as an antecedent to many forms of psychopathology and has been implicated in alcohol-related aggression. This study was designed to examine whether differential ECF impairments can be noted on the ascending versus the descending limbs of the blood alcohol concentration curve.', 'Forty-one male university students participated in this study. Twenty-one subjects were given 1.32 ml of 95% alcohol per kilogram of body weight, mixed with orange juice, and the remaining 20 were given a placebo. Participants were randomly assigned to either an ascending or descending blood alcohol group and were tested on six tests of ECF on their assigned limb. Subjective mood data were also collected.', 'Intoxicated participants on both limbs demonstrated ECF impairment; the descending-limb group showed greater impairment than their ascending-limb counterparts. Intoxicated subjects were significantly more anxious at baseline than placebo subjects. The introduction of this covariate nullified any significant differences in subjective mood found on either limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve, but ECF impairments remained robust.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Affect', 'Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Ethanol', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Placebos']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,622 | Does mecamylamine attenuate the subjective stimulant-like effects of alcohol in social drinkers? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have implicated central nicotinic cholinergic receptor systems in the reinforcing properties of alcohol. In laboratory animals, mecamylamine, a central nicotinic receptor antagonist, reduces the consumption of and preference for alcohol. This study investigated the effect of mecamylamine on the subjective responses to alcohol in humans. It was hypothesized that mecamylamine (7.5 and 15 mg) would attenuate the stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and decrease the self-reported desire to consume additional alcohol beverages.",
"Fourteen male and 13 female nonsmokers participated in 6 laboratory sessions. During each session, subjects received, in randomized order under double-blinded conditions, a capsule containing mecamylamine (7.5 or 15 mg) or placebo followed by a beverage containing alcohol (0.8 g/kg) or placebo. Physiologic and subjective-effect measures were taken at 30-min intervals for 2 hr after beverage consumption.",
"Mecamylamine attenuated the stimulant and euphoric effects of alcohol and reduced the self-reported desire to consume additional alcohol beverages. This effect was most pronounced in men, even though women exhibited greater physiologic reactions to mecamylamine."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Blood Pressure",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Drug Interactions",
"Ethanol",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mecamylamine",
"Nicotinic Antagonists",
"Placebos",
"Sex Characteristics"
]
} | These findings suggest that nicotinic cholinergic receptors are involved in mediating some of the stimulant-like effects of alcohol. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mecamylamine attenuate the subjective stimulant-like effects of alcohol in social drinkers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent studies have implicated central nicotinic cholinergic receptor systems in the reinforcing properties of alcohol. In laboratory animals, mecamylamine, a central nicotinic receptor antagonist, reduces the consumption of and preference for alcohol. This study investigated the effect of mecamylamine on the subjective responses to alcohol in humans. It was hypothesized that mecamylamine (7.5 and 15 mg) would attenuate the stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and decrease the self-reported desire to consume additional alcohol beverages.', 'Fourteen male and 13 female nonsmokers participated in 6 laboratory sessions. During each session, subjects received, in randomized order under double-blinded conditions, a capsule containing mecamylamine (7.5 or 15 mg) or placebo followed by a beverage containing alcohol (0.8 g/kg) or placebo. Physiologic and subjective-effect measures were taken at 30-min intervals for 2 hr after beverage consumption.', 'Mecamylamine attenuated the stimulant and euphoric effects of alcohol and reduced the self-reported desire to consume additional alcohol beverages. This effect was most pronounced in men, even though women exhibited greater physiologic reactions to mecamylamine.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Blood Pressure', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Interactions', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mecamylamine', 'Nicotinic Antagonists', 'Placebos', 'Sex Characteristics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,626 | Is serotonin transporter gene variation associated with alcohol sensitivity in rhesus macaques exposed to early-life stress? | {
"contexts": [
"Decreased sensitivity to alcohol has been demonstrated to be a predictor of alcoholism in humans, and variation in the gene-linked polymorphic region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) is associated with the response to the motor-impairing effects of alcohol. In a nonhuman primate model of excessive alcohol intake, we have shown that decreased serotonin turnover is associated with both lower initial sensitivity to alcohol and higher prospective alcohol consumption using rhesus macaques. In addition, we have demonstrated that macaques separated from their mothers and reared in peer-only groups are more likely to consume alcohol as adults.",
"To examine the relationship between serotonin transporter genotype, early rearing experience, and initial sensitivity to alcohol, peer- and mother-reared, adolescent, alcohol-naive rhesus macaques (n = 123) were rated for intoxication after intravenous administration of ethanol (2.2 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg for males and females, respectively) during two testing periods. Serotonin transporter (rh5-HTTLPR) genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test.",
"Our analyses demonstrate an effect of serotonin transporter gene variation on ethanol sensitivity, such that animals homozygous for the l allele exhibited decreased sensitivity to the ataxic and sedating effects of alcohol. This effect remained after correction for blood ethanol concentrations and birth cohort. When animals were segregated according to rearing condition, serotonin transporter gene variation predicted intoxication scores among peer-reared animals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alcoholic Intoxication",
"Animals",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Ethanol",
"Female",
"Genetic Variation",
"Genotype",
"Kinetics",
"Macaca mulatta",
"Male",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Stress, Physiological"
]
} | As in some human reports, this study demonstrates a diminution in the response to alcohol in animals homozygous for the l rh5-HTTLPR allele. The phenotypic expression of this genotype in l/s animals, however, is environmentally dependent. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serotonin transporter gene variation associated with alcohol sensitivity in rhesus macaques exposed to early-life stress?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Decreased sensitivity to alcohol has been demonstrated to be a predictor of alcoholism in humans, and variation in the gene-linked polymorphic region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) is associated with the response to the motor-impairing effects of alcohol. In a nonhuman primate model of excessive alcohol intake, we have shown that decreased serotonin turnover is associated with both lower initial sensitivity to alcohol and higher prospective alcohol consumption using rhesus macaques. In addition, we have demonstrated that macaques separated from their mothers and reared in peer-only groups are more likely to consume alcohol as adults.', 'To examine the relationship between serotonin transporter genotype, early rearing experience, and initial sensitivity to alcohol, peer- and mother-reared, adolescent, alcohol-naive rhesus macaques (n = 123) were rated for intoxication after intravenous administration of ethanol (2.2 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg for males and females, respectively) during two testing periods. Serotonin transporter (rh5-HTTLPR) genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test.', 'Our analyses demonstrate an effect of serotonin transporter gene variation on ethanol sensitivity, such that animals homozygous for the l allele exhibited decreased sensitivity to the ataxic and sedating effects of alcohol. This effect remained after correction for blood ethanol concentrations and birth cohort. When animals were segregated according to rearing condition, serotonin transporter gene variation predicted intoxication scores among peer-reared animals.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Kinetics', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Stress, Physiological']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,970 | Do serodiagnosis of human plague by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry? | {
"contexts": [
"Plague is a severe, highly communicable bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is still endemic in more than 20 countries worldwide. Although known as a devastating disease for centuries, laboratory confirmation of clinical suspected cases is still problematic. No standardized and internationally approved test system is commercially available. The aim of this study was the introduction and evaluation of a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry for the serodiagnosis of human plague.",
"Paramagnetic polystyrene beads were coated with purified F1 capsular antigen (F1 CA) and reacted with sera from plague patients, from 26 laboratory personnel vaccinated against plague and from 102 healthy blood donors (HBD). After incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human rabbit IgG, particle-associated fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry.",
"Anti-F1 CA antibodies could be demonstrated in all patients with bacteriologically confirmed plague and in 22 sera (84.6%) from vaccinees. Only one serum in the HBD group showed a weakly positive reaction. The total assay time was less than 2 h."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies",
"Bacterial Proteins",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Immunomagnetic Separation",
"Plague",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Serologic Tests",
"Time Factors",
"Yersinia pestis"
]
} | Compared with a recently published combination of an anti-F1 CA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot, the new assay showed the same sensitivity as the ELISA and almost the same specificity (99.0 versus 100%) as the immunoblot. Allowing a rapid, reliable, and quantitative analysis, immunomagnetic separation combined with flow cytometry might replace both conventional immunoassays. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do serodiagnosis of human plague by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plague is a severe, highly communicable bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is still endemic in more than 20 countries worldwide. Although known as a devastating disease for centuries, laboratory confirmation of clinical suspected cases is still problematic. No standardized and internationally approved test system is commercially available. The aim of this study was the introduction and evaluation of a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry for the serodiagnosis of human plague.', 'Paramagnetic polystyrene beads were coated with purified F1 capsular antigen (F1 CA) and reacted with sera from plague patients, from 26 laboratory personnel vaccinated against plague and from 102 healthy blood donors (HBD). After incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human rabbit IgG, particle-associated fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry.', 'Anti-F1 CA antibodies could be demonstrated in all patients with bacteriologically confirmed plague and in 22 sera (84.6%) from vaccinees. Only one serum in the HBD group showed a weakly positive reaction. The total assay time was less than 2 h.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunomagnetic Separation', 'Plague', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Serologic Tests', 'Time Factors', 'Yersinia pestis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,113 | Does brief refeeding rapidly reverse dietary restriction-induced nuclear factor-kappaB downregulation in peritoneal resident cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Malnutrition impairs host immunity, resulting in high mortality and morbidity, secondary to infections. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) plays a critical role in host defense, but how quickly refeeding normalizes the impaired NFkappaB activity in peritoneal resident cells (PRCs) is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 1-day ad libitum refeeding on severe diet restriction-induced NFkappaB activity in PRCs.",
"Mice received chow, 146 g/kg per day (ad libitum) or 36.5 g/kg per day (severe diet restriction), for 7 days. One-half the mice in the diet-restricted group were then fed ad libitum for 1 day (refeeding). PRCs were harvested by peritoneal lavage. After incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear translocation of NFkappaB in PRCs was investigated using laser scanning cytometry.",
"The main subpopulation of PRCs was macrophages in all groups. Mean fluorescence intensity over the nuclear area at 0 or 100 ng/mL of TNF-alpha was 16 +/- 2 or 31 +/- 8* in the ad libitum, 20 +/- 4 or 19 +/- 3 in the severe diet-restricted, and 20 +/- 4 or 30 +/- 5* in the refeeding group, respectively (*p < .05 versus 0 ng/mL of TNF-alpha in each group versus 100 ng/mL of TNF-alpha in diet-restricted group). Cytoplasmic accumulation of NFkappaB was significantly increased after TNF-alpha stimulation in the refed group but not in the ad libitum group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Body Weight",
"Down-Regulation",
"Food",
"Food Deprivation",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred ICR",
"NF-kappa B",
"Peritoneum",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | The blunted NFkappaB activity in PRCs, after exposure to inflammatory stimuli, was restored after 1 day of refeeding, with increased accumulation of NFkappaB in the cytoplasm. Even brief nutritional replenishment in malnutrition may improve host defense by restoring NFkappaB activity and thereby improving macrophage functions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does brief refeeding rapidly reverse dietary restriction-induced nuclear factor-kappaB downregulation in peritoneal resident cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Malnutrition impairs host immunity, resulting in high mortality and morbidity, secondary to infections. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) plays a critical role in host defense, but how quickly refeeding normalizes the impaired NFkappaB activity in peritoneal resident cells (PRCs) is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 1-day ad libitum refeeding on severe diet restriction-induced NFkappaB activity in PRCs.', 'Mice received chow, 146 g/kg per day (ad libitum) or 36.5 g/kg per day (severe diet restriction), for 7 days. One-half the mice in the diet-restricted group were then fed ad libitum for 1 day (refeeding). PRCs were harvested by peritoneal lavage. After incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear translocation of NFkappaB in PRCs was investigated using laser scanning cytometry.', 'The main subpopulation of PRCs was macrophages in all groups. Mean fluorescence intensity over the nuclear area at 0 or 100 ng/mL of TNF-alpha was 16 +/- 2 or 31 +/- 8* in the ad libitum, 20 +/- 4 or 19 +/- 3 in the severe diet-restricted, and 20 +/- 4 or 30 +/- 5* in the refeeding group, respectively (*p < .05 versus 0 ng/mL of TNF-alpha in each group versus 100 ng/mL of TNF-alpha in diet-restricted group). Cytoplasmic accumulation of NFkappaB was significantly increased after TNF-alpha stimulation in the refed group but not in the ad libitum group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Down-Regulation', 'Food', 'Food Deprivation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'NF-kappa B', 'Peritoneum', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,767,105 | Is dexamethasone-associated toxicity during induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia augmented by concurrent use of daunomycin? | {
"contexts": [
"The goals of the current study were to examine the incidence and severity of toxicity resulting from dexamethasone and prednisone during induction therapy for children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to determine whether the addition of daunomycin affected toxicity.",
"Medical records of patients with precursor B-cell ALL from January 1996 through June 2000 were reviewed retrospectively for toxicity during the 4-week induction phase and the 2 weeks after the induction phase.",
"One hundred seventy-six patients age < 14 years were diagnosed with precursor B-cell ALL from January 1996 through June 2000. Of the 156 evaluable patients, 106 were treated with prednisone and 50 with dexamethasone. Fifty-two patients received steroids, L-asparaginase, and vincristine, whereas 104 high-risk patients received daunomycin in addition to these 3 agents. The incidence of gastritis was significantly higher among patients receiving dexamethasone (P = 0.01); incidence rates of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and myopathy were similar for all treatment groups. Dexamethasone led to more weight gain than did prednisone (+11.9% vs. +5.4%; P = 0.002). Serious infections were observed in 27 (25.5%) and 18 (36%) patients receiving prednisone and dexamethasone, respectively (P < or = 0.2). Five patients, four of whom received prednisone and one of whom received dexamethasone, died of infection. The addition of daunomycin to treatment regimens increased overall toxicity (P < 0.01). When daunomycin was included in treatment regimens, toxicity was greater among patients receiving dexamethasone; in contrast, when daunomycin was not included, toxicity was equal for both treatment groups. Regardless of daunomycin use, there was no difference in the incidence of serious infection between the two groups. ALL treatment was not compromised by steroid-related toxicity in either group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antibiotics, Antineoplastic",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal",
"Asparaginase",
"Burkitt Lymphoma",
"Daunorubicin",
"Dexamethasone",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Humans",
"Prednisone",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Vincristine"
]
} | The addition of daunomycin led to a much larger increase in dexamethasone-related toxicity compared with the increase in prednisone-related toxicity. Although the use of daunomycin enhanced dexamethasone-related toxicity, this enhancement did not result in a higher mortality rate or the alteration of planned ALL therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is dexamethasone-associated toxicity during induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia augmented by concurrent use of daunomycin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goals of the current study were to examine the incidence and severity of toxicity resulting from dexamethasone and prednisone during induction therapy for children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to determine whether the addition of daunomycin affected toxicity.', 'Medical records of patients with precursor B-cell ALL from January 1996 through June 2000 were reviewed retrospectively for toxicity during the 4-week induction phase and the 2 weeks after the induction phase.', 'One hundred seventy-six patients age < 14 years were diagnosed with precursor B-cell ALL from January 1996 through June 2000. Of the 156 evaluable patients, 106 were treated with prednisone and 50 with dexamethasone. Fifty-two patients received steroids, L-asparaginase, and vincristine, whereas 104 high-risk patients received daunomycin in addition to these 3 agents. The incidence of gastritis was significantly higher among patients receiving dexamethasone (P = 0.01); incidence rates of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and myopathy were similar for all treatment groups. Dexamethasone led to more weight gain than did prednisone (+11.9% vs. +5.4%; P = 0.002). Serious infections were observed in 27 (25.5%) and 18 (36%) patients receiving prednisone and dexamethasone, respectively (P < or = 0.2). Five patients, four of whom received prednisone and one of whom received dexamethasone, died of infection. The addition of daunomycin to treatment regimens increased overall toxicity (P < 0.01). When daunomycin was included in treatment regimens, toxicity was greater among patients receiving dexamethasone; in contrast, when daunomycin was not included, toxicity was equal for both treatment groups. Regardless of daunomycin use, there was no difference in the incidence of serious infection between the two groups. ALL treatment was not compromised by steroid-related toxicity in either group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Asparaginase', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Daunorubicin', 'Dexamethasone', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Prednisone', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vincristine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,163 | Does hepatocyte growth factor stimulate proliferation and migration during wound healing of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"A defect in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may cause dysfunction of the neural retina, so rapid recovery of differentiated RPE cells is required after RPE injury. We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on wound healing in RPE cells.",
"Confluent monolayers of bovine RPE cells were denuded, and the cells were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of HGF. The effect of HGF on RPE cell proliferation was evaluated by a 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetraz olium assay. In a migration assay, mitomycin C was used to inhibit proliferation, and the number of migrated cells was counted. The signaling pathways involved were examined using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and protein kinase C pathways.",
"At 80 ng/mL, HGF stimulated the wound closure of RPE monolayers and rendered the restituted cells more epithelioid in shape. HGF at 10 ng/mL stimulated RPE cell migration the most, whereas 80 ng/mL of HGF inhibited migration, but stimulated proliferation the most. In particular, PI3 kinase and MAPK inhibitor inhibited PRE cell migration and proliferation, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cattle",
"Cell Count",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Movement",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Hepatocyte Growth Factor",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Pigment Epithelium of Eye",
"Protein Kinase C",
"Signal Transduction",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | HGF stimulated wound closure in cultured RPE cells, and rendered restituted cells epithelioid in shape. HGF may become a therapeutic candidate for RPE wound healing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hepatocyte growth factor stimulate proliferation and migration during wound healing of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A defect in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may cause dysfunction of the neural retina, so rapid recovery of differentiated RPE cells is required after RPE injury. We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on wound healing in RPE cells.', 'Confluent monolayers of bovine RPE cells were denuded, and the cells were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of HGF. The effect of HGF on RPE cell proliferation was evaluated by a 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetraz olium assay. In a migration assay, mitomycin C was used to inhibit proliferation, and the number of migrated cells was counted. The signaling pathways involved were examined using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and protein kinase C pathways.', 'At 80 ng/mL, HGF stimulated the wound closure of RPE monolayers and rendered the restituted cells more epithelioid in shape. HGF at 10 ng/mL stimulated RPE cell migration the most, whereas 80 ng/mL of HGF inhibited migration, but stimulated proliferation the most. In particular, PI3 kinase and MAPK inhibitor inhibited PRE cell migration and proliferation, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Signal Transduction', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,765,991 | Does chemiluminescence assay improve specificity of hepatitis C antibody detection? | {
"contexts": [
"Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) have typically been detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A chemiluminescence assay (CA) for anti-HCV is now commercially available.",
"We compared the positive rate for a CA in a HCV screening program for veterans with historical rates obtained with EIA. We also compared results in 2824 samples tested by both methods and assessed the significance of low signal-to-cutoff (S/C) ratios.",
"The frequency of CA-positive results was significantly lower than with EIA (12.6% vs 16.0%; P <0.0001). The frequency of low S/C ratios was also significantly lower with CA (11.5% vs 20.0%; P <0.0001). Among low-positive values, samples positive by CA were significantly less likely to be recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)-negative (64% vs 84%; P <0.0005). In parallel testing, results for 111 samples (3.9%) were discrepant between the two assays; all but 6 had low S/C ratios, and confirmatory testing was performed on all but 8 samples. Of 56 EIA-positive, CA-negative samples tested by RIBA, only 1 was positive. Of 24 CA-positive, EIA-negative samples, 62% were RIBA-negative. Using a negative RIBA result as an indication of false-positive anti-HCV results, the positive predictive value of EIA was 93% compared with 98% with CA. HCV RNA was positive in 90% of samples high-positive by both CA and EIA. Only 2 of 30 (7%) low-positive CA samples were RNA-positive."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Viral",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Hepacivirus",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Mass Screening",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Veterans"
]
} | CA produces fewer false-positive and fewer low-positive results that require confirmatory RIBA testing. The S/C ratio remains useful for characterizing positive results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chemiluminescence assay improve specificity of hepatitis C antibody detection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) have typically been detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A chemiluminescence assay (CA) for anti-HCV is now commercially available.', 'We compared the positive rate for a CA in a HCV screening program for veterans with historical rates obtained with EIA. We also compared results in 2824 samples tested by both methods and assessed the significance of low signal-to-cutoff (S/C) ratios.', 'The frequency of CA-positive results was significantly lower than with EIA (12.6% vs 16.0%; P <0.0001). The frequency of low S/C ratios was also significantly lower with CA (11.5% vs 20.0%; P <0.0001). Among low-positive values, samples positive by CA were significantly less likely to be recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)-negative (64% vs 84%; P <0.0005). In parallel testing, results for 111 samples (3.9%) were discrepant between the two assays; all but 6 had low S/C ratios, and confirmatory testing was performed on all but 8 samples. Of 56 EIA-positive, CA-negative samples tested by RIBA, only 1 was positive. Of 24 CA-positive, EIA-negative samples, 62% were RIBA-negative. Using a negative RIBA result as an indication of false-positive anti-HCV results, the positive predictive value of EIA was 93% compared with 98% with CA. HCV RNA was positive in 90% of samples high-positive by both CA and EIA. Only 2 of 30 (7%) low-positive CA samples were RNA-positive.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Viral', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Hepacivirus', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Mass Screening', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Veterans']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,788 | Does [ Lipopolysaccharide enhance DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B in the mouse cochlea ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether inoculation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the mouse cochlea might induce enhancement of DNA binding activity of NK-kappa B and to establish a positive model of NF-kappa B activation in the cochlea.",
"Two groups of CBA mice were transtympanically injected either with 10 micrograms of LPS or an equal volume of saline. The nuclear proteins of the cochlea were extracted, quantitated and bound with 32P-radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe for NF-kappa B. The bound and free probes were separated by electrophoresis on a 4.5% native polyacrylamide gel. Supershift assays were carried out using the antibodies against NF-kappa B subunit P65 and P50.",
"The radiolabeled probe bound differently to nuclear extracts from the LPS-treated and the saline-treated mouse cochleae, showing that LPS inoculation significantly increased NF-kappa B binding activity. Supershift analysis demonstrated that the enhancement of DNA binding activity was related to both P65 and P50 subunits."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cochlea",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred CBA",
"NF-kappa B"
]
} | LPS could induce NF-kappa B activation in the cochlea. Moreover, this study implies that tissues from LPS-inoculated cochlea might serve as a useful positive control in the study on activation of NF-kappa B in cochlea. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Lipopolysaccharide enhance DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B in the mouse cochlea ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To ascertain whether inoculation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the mouse cochlea might induce enhancement of DNA binding activity of NK-kappa B and to establish a positive model of NF-kappa B activation in the cochlea.', 'Two groups of CBA mice were transtympanically injected either with 10 micrograms of LPS or an equal volume of saline. The nuclear proteins of the cochlea were extracted, quantitated and bound with 32P-radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe for NF-kappa B. The bound and free probes were separated by electrophoresis on a 4.5% native polyacrylamide gel. Supershift assays were carried out using the antibodies against NF-kappa B subunit P65 and P50.', 'The radiolabeled probe bound differently to nuclear extracts from the LPS-treated and the saline-treated mouse cochleae, showing that LPS inoculation significantly increased NF-kappa B binding activity. Supershift analysis demonstrated that the enhancement of DNA binding activity was related to both P65 and P50 subunits.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cochlea', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'NF-kappa B']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,761,450 | Does adenosine-activated myocardial ischemia induce delayed preconditioning? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to determine whether adenosine-induced ischemia exerts a delayed cardiac protective effect in patients with stable effort angina ischemic heart disease.",
"The study group was comprised of 32 patients (men) with symptoms of stable effort angina, aged 38-65 years (Group 1), and 18 clinically healthy subjects (3 women, 15 men), aged 35-55 years (Control group). The study protocol included baseline ECG and treadmill echocardiogram (ET1); ECG and adenosine echocardiogram performed 7 days after ET1; repeated exercise test exactly 24 h after adenosine infusion (ET2). Increases in heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, maximum ST-segment depression (max IST) and total ST-segment depression (SIST) on ECG were compared, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic (LVESV) volume, ejection fraction (EF), and wall motion synergy index (WMSI).",
"No statistically significant differences were found in the increased values of the investigated electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in either group on either exercise test. The only positive trend was observed in LVEDV. In Group 1 LVEDV increased significantly from rest values during ET1, whereas during ET2 LVEDV did not change."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Angina Pectoris",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Echocardiography",
"Electrocardiography",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | Adenosine-induced ischemia does not exert a delayed protective effect in respect to cardiac bioelectrical and mechanical functions in patients with ischemic heart disease in the form of stable effort angina. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does adenosine-activated myocardial ischemia induce delayed preconditioning?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our objective was to determine whether adenosine-induced ischemia exerts a delayed cardiac protective effect in patients with stable effort angina ischemic heart disease.', 'The study group was comprised of 32 patients (men) with symptoms of stable effort angina, aged 38-65 years (Group 1), and 18 clinically healthy subjects (3 women, 15 men), aged 35-55 years (Control group). The study protocol included baseline ECG and treadmill echocardiogram (ET1); ECG and adenosine echocardiogram performed 7 days after ET1; repeated exercise test exactly 24 h after adenosine infusion (ET2). Increases in heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, maximum ST-segment depression (max IST) and total ST-segment depression (SIST) on ECG were compared, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic (LVESV) volume, ejection fraction (EF), and wall motion synergy index (WMSI).', 'No statistically significant differences were found in the increased values of the investigated electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in either group on either exercise test. The only positive trend was observed in LVEDV. In Group 1 LVEDV increased significantly from rest values during ET1, whereas during ET2 LVEDV did not change.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,753,147 | Do scirrhous changes in dysplastic nodules indicate high-grade status? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysplastic nodules (DN) may be divided into high-grade and low-grade, and the former has been known as a precancerous or borderline lesion. Recently many morphological characteristics concerning these types of DN have been reported. In the present study we attempted to evaluate the scirrhous change in DN as an indicative feature of high-grade DN, based on the morphological and cell-kinetic analyses using immunohistochemical stains for Ki-67.",
"We reviewed 35 livers with DN and selected 15 DN with scirrhous change. We stained DN-bearing sections of each case with hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, reticulin and Perls' stain. We tried to subclassify and characterize the scirrhous change according to the fibrosis pattern. We also stained with Ki-67 immunohistochemically to assess the proliferative activity of DN with scirrhous change.",
"We found two types of scirrhous change, that is, pericellular and stellate. The pericellular type was related to the Mallory body-forming cholestatic degeneration, whereas the stellate type was associated with extensive portal fibrosis probably induced by ischemic damage. Among DN with scirrhous change, high-grade DN comprised five nodules (33%) and there were 10 (67%) low-grade nodules. There was no significant relationship between the presence or the types of scirrhous change and the grade of DN. The significant differences of Ki-67 labeling indices between types of scirrhous change were not shown in this study. We also could not find the differences between Ki-67 labeling indices of scirrhous DN (high and low grades) and those of surrounding regenerative nodules."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Cytoplasm",
"Eosinophils",
"Fatty Liver",
"Focal Nodular Hyperplasia",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Hepatocytes",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Ki-67 Antigen",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Liver Regeneration",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"New York",
"Proteins",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | This evidence indicated that the scirrhous change in DN was not a specific feature of high-grade DN. We also found that scirrhous DN have two morphological varieties that may represent biologically different processes, that is, pericellular scirrhous type and stellate scirrhous type. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do scirrhous changes in dysplastic nodules indicate high-grade status?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dysplastic nodules (DN) may be divided into high-grade and low-grade, and the former has been known as a precancerous or borderline lesion. Recently many morphological characteristics concerning these types of DN have been reported. In the present study we attempted to evaluate the scirrhous change in DN as an indicative feature of high-grade DN, based on the morphological and cell-kinetic analyses using immunohistochemical stains for Ki-67.', \"We reviewed 35 livers with DN and selected 15 DN with scirrhous change. We stained DN-bearing sections of each case with hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, reticulin and Perls' stain. We tried to subclassify and characterize the scirrhous change according to the fibrosis pattern. We also stained with Ki-67 immunohistochemically to assess the proliferative activity of DN with scirrhous change.\", 'We found two types of scirrhous change, that is, pericellular and stellate. The pericellular type was related to the Mallory body-forming cholestatic degeneration, whereas the stellate type was associated with extensive portal fibrosis probably induced by ischemic damage. Among DN with scirrhous change, high-grade DN comprised five nodules (33%) and there were 10 (67%) low-grade nodules. There was no significant relationship between the presence or the types of scirrhous change and the grade of DN. The significant differences of Ki-67 labeling indices between types of scirrhous change were not shown in this study. We also could not find the differences between Ki-67 labeling indices of scirrhous DN (high and low grades) and those of surrounding regenerative nodules.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cytoplasm', 'Eosinophils', 'Fatty Liver', 'Focal Nodular Hyperplasia', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'New York', 'Proteins', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,753,149 | Does gross appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma reflect E-cadherin expression and risk of early recurrence after surgical treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Correlation between the gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its vascular invasion or intrahepatic metastasis has been reported previously. Because E-cadherin-mediated epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion is thought to suppress cancer cell invasion, the present study was performed to analyze the correlation between E-cadherin expression and the gross classification of HCC.",
"Thirty-six resected solitary HCC <6 cm in diameter were each classified as single nodular type (type 1), single nodular with extranodular growth type (type 2) or contiguous multinodular type (type 3), and the clinicopathological and prognostic differences between type 1 HCC and the other types were analyzed. The expression of E-cadherin in each tumor was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis.",
"Vascular invasion and microscopic intrahepatic metastasis were observed more frequently in types 2 and 3 (61%) than in type 1 (13%) HCC. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the relative level of E-cadherin expression in cancerous tissue was significantly lower in type 2 and 3 (0.75 +/- 0.49) than in type 1 (1.46 +/- 0.79) HCC. Immunohistochemical examination revealed decreased and partially absent E-cadherin expression in the tumorous area of type 2 and 3 HCC. The recurrence-free survival rate was higher for patients with type 1 HCC than for those with the other types."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Cadherins",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Cytoskeletal Proteins",
"Digestive System Surgical Procedures",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hepatocytes",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Japan",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Weight",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Risk Factors",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Time Factors",
"Trans-Activators",
"alpha Catenin",
"beta Catenin"
]
} | Types 2 and 3 HCC have marked metastatic and invasive potential and reduced expression of E-cadherin, predicting a high risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does gross appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma reflect E-cadherin expression and risk of early recurrence after surgical treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Correlation between the gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its vascular invasion or intrahepatic metastasis has been reported previously. Because E-cadherin-mediated epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion is thought to suppress cancer cell invasion, the present study was performed to analyze the correlation between E-cadherin expression and the gross classification of HCC.', 'Thirty-six resected solitary HCC <6 cm in diameter were each classified as single nodular type (type 1), single nodular with extranodular growth type (type 2) or contiguous multinodular type (type 3), and the clinicopathological and prognostic differences between type 1 HCC and the other types were analyzed. The expression of E-cadherin in each tumor was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis.', 'Vascular invasion and microscopic intrahepatic metastasis were observed more frequently in types 2 and 3 (61%) than in type 1 (13%) HCC. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the relative level of E-cadherin expression in cancerous tissue was significantly lower in type 2 and 3 (0.75 +/- 0.49) than in type 1 (1.46 +/- 0.79) HCC. Immunohistochemical examination revealed decreased and partially absent E-cadherin expression in the tumorous area of type 2 and 3 HCC. The recurrence-free survival rate was higher for patients with type 1 HCC than for those with the other types.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cadherins', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Japan', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Time Factors', 'Trans-Activators', 'alpha Catenin', 'beta Catenin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,755,353 | Is antenatal pelvic organ mobility associated with delivery mode? | {
"contexts": [
"Relaxation of pelvic ligaments may facilitate parturition in certain animal species. Biomechanical properties of pelvic connective tissue may also influence progress of labour in the human female. This study was designed to test whether peripheral joint mobility or pelvic organ mobility as measures of connective tissue biomechanical properties are associated with progress in labour and delivery mode.",
"Prospective clinical observational study.",
"Tertiary obstetric service.",
"200 nulliparous women recruited in antenatal clinic.",
"Translabial ultrasound was used to obtain data on third trimester pelvic organ mobility. Upper limb joint mobility was assessed clinically.",
"Gestational length, length of first and second stage of labour, delivery mode.",
"Pelvic organ mobility was significantly associated with total length of second stage (P = 0.034 to P = 0.002). This was mainly due to the length of passive, not active second stage. There also was a statistically significant association between delivery mode and pelvic organ descent (P = 0.007 to P = 0.001), with the lowest mobility seen in women who required a Caesarean section in second stage. Joint mobility did not correlate with delivery data."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Connective Tissue",
"Delivery, Obstetric",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Joints",
"Labor, Obstetric",
"Pregnancy",
"Ultrasonography, Prenatal"
]
} | Third trimester pelvic organ mobility is associated with duration of second stage and delivery mode. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is antenatal pelvic organ mobility associated with delivery mode?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Relaxation of pelvic ligaments may facilitate parturition in certain animal species. Biomechanical properties of pelvic connective tissue may also influence progress of labour in the human female. This study was designed to test whether peripheral joint mobility or pelvic organ mobility as measures of connective tissue biomechanical properties are associated with progress in labour and delivery mode.', 'Prospective clinical observational study.', 'Tertiary obstetric service.', '200 nulliparous women recruited in antenatal clinic.', 'Translabial ultrasound was used to obtain data on third trimester pelvic organ mobility. Upper limb joint mobility was assessed clinically.', 'Gestational length, length of first and second stage of labour, delivery mode.', 'Pelvic organ mobility was significantly associated with total length of second stage (P = 0.034 to P = 0.002). This was mainly due to the length of passive, not active second stage. There also was a statistically significant association between delivery mode and pelvic organ descent (P = 0.007 to P = 0.001), with the lowest mobility seen in women who required a Caesarean section in second stage. Joint mobility did not correlate with delivery data.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Connective Tissue', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joints', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Pregnancy', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,139 | Does alefacept therapy produce remission for patients with chronic plaque psoriasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Alefacept, human LFA-3/IgG1 fusion protein, is a novel biological agent currently being developed for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Alefacept selectively reduces the memory-effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease; as a result, alefacept is classified as a therapy that induces remission (so-called 'remittive' therapy). In a previously published randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study of intravenous alefacept in 229 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, clinical improvement was observed during dosing as well as in the postdosing follow-up period.",
"To assess the remission period following alefacept therapy.",
"The time before re-treatment was required was measured in patients who were 'clear' or 'almost clear' of disease according to a physician global assessment at the end of the follow-up phase.",
"In these patients, responses were sustained for a median of 10 months, and for up to 18 months. No patient reported disease rebound after cessation of alefacept."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Alefacept",
"Chronic Disease",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Middle Aged",
"Psoriasis",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Remission Induction",
"Retreatment",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Alefacept is a biological agent for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis that provides disease-free intervals and time off drug therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does alefacept therapy produce remission for patients with chronic plaque psoriasis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Alefacept, human LFA-3/IgG1 fusion protein, is a novel biological agent currently being developed for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Alefacept selectively reduces the memory-effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease; as a result, alefacept is classified as a therapy that induces remission (so-called 'remittive' therapy). In a previously published randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study of intravenous alefacept in 229 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, clinical improvement was observed during dosing as well as in the postdosing follow-up period.\", 'To assess the remission period following alefacept therapy.', \"The time before re-treatment was required was measured in patients who were 'clear' or 'almost clear' of disease according to a physician global assessment at the end of the follow-up phase.\", 'In these patients, responses were sustained for a median of 10 months, and for up to 18 months. No patient reported disease rebound after cessation of alefacept.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alefacept', 'Chronic Disease', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Middle Aged', 'Psoriasis', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Remission Induction', 'Retreatment', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,741 | Does impact on survivors of retinoblastoma when informed of study result on risk of second cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the impact of providing research feedback to retinoblastoma survivors or their parents regarding the risk of second cancers.",
"A four-page survey was sent to 801 retinoblastoma survivors and 55 parents to ascertain their reactions to a \"results-letter.\" The \"results-letter\" provided feedback from a study indicating that retinoblastoma survivors may be at increased risk of second cancers.",
"Three hundred and thirty-nine (339) retinoblastoma survivors and 43 parents responded to the survey. Eighty-four percent (84%) of respondents found the \"results-letter\" \"very\" to \"extremely\" understandable and 72% found it \"very\" to \"extremely\" useful. Participants scored \"very\" to \"extremely\" to the following emotions: frightened = 28%, anxious = 27%, sad = 25%, overwhelmed = 15%, angry = 11%, and guilty = 6%. Five (1.4%) respondents stated that they would have preferred not to receive the results. Responses did not vary significantly between survivors with different risks of second cancers. No significant differences were observed between males and females. However, parents were significantly more likely to report feelings of anxiety, guilt, anger, being overwhelmed, and frightened compared to adult retinoblastoma survivors (P < 0.05). Individuals with less than a college education were significantly more sad, angry, overwhelmed, and frightened by the information than individuals with a college degree or higher (P < 0.05). Eighteen percent (18%) of all respondents shared the feedback with their physician. The method of choice for receiving results was by letter with contact names and phone numbers."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Child",
"Family",
"Feedback",
"Female",
"Guilt",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced",
"Neoplasms, Second Primary",
"New York City",
"Retinal Neoplasms",
"Retinoblastoma",
"Risk Factors",
"Sarcoma",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Survivors"
]
} | These findings indicate that research participants want feedback even when the information is upsetting. Additional studies are needed to identify individuals who experience greater levels of distress following feedback in an attempt to provide improved methods of feedback and support. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does impact on survivors of retinoblastoma when informed of study result on risk of second cancers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the impact of providing research feedback to retinoblastoma survivors or their parents regarding the risk of second cancers.', 'A four-page survey was sent to 801 retinoblastoma survivors and 55 parents to ascertain their reactions to a \"results-letter.\" The \"results-letter\" provided feedback from a study indicating that retinoblastoma survivors may be at increased risk of second cancers.', 'Three hundred and thirty-nine (339) retinoblastoma survivors and 43 parents responded to the survey. Eighty-four percent (84%) of respondents found the \"results-letter\" \"very\" to \"extremely\" understandable and 72% found it \"very\" to \"extremely\" useful. Participants scored \"very\" to \"extremely\" to the following emotions: frightened = 28%, anxious = 27%, sad = 25%, overwhelmed = 15%, angry = 11%, and guilty = 6%. Five (1.4%) respondents stated that they would have preferred not to receive the results. Responses did not vary significantly between survivors with different risks of second cancers. No significant differences were observed between males and females. However, parents were significantly more likely to report feelings of anxiety, guilt, anger, being overwhelmed, and frightened compared to adult retinoblastoma survivors (P < 0.05). Individuals with less than a college education were significantly more sad, angry, overwhelmed, and frightened by the information than individuals with a college degree or higher (P < 0.05). Eighteen percent (18%) of all respondents shared the feedback with their physician. The method of choice for receiving results was by letter with contact names and phone numbers.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Family', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Guilt', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'New York City', 'Retinal Neoplasms', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Risk Factors', 'Sarcoma', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Survivors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,769,149 | Does corneal endothelial morphology result in the Menicon Z 30-day continuous-wear contact lens clinical trial? | {
"contexts": [
"This evaluation was conducted as part of a protocol entitled Evaluation of the Menicon Z Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens for up to 30 Days Extended Wear. The purpose of the protocol was to compare corneal endothelial morphology changes after wearing rigid gas-permeable (RGP) Menicon Z contact lenses, continuously for up to 30 days, with ACUVUE (Johnson & Johnson Vision Care) hydrogel contact lenses, worn for up to 6 nights of extended wear.",
"Sixty patients, who were adapted to RGP daily wear and soft contact lens daily wear, were recruited at two study sites. The thirty subjects who wore RGP daily wear lenses were fitted with the Menicon Z (tisilfocon A, oxygen permeablility [Dk] = 163) RGP contact lens comprised the test group. The control group subjects (n = 30 former users of daily wear soft contact lenses) were fitted with ACUVUE (etafilcon A, Dk = 28) hydrogel contact lenses. After a 2-week adaptation period of daily wear, subjects began extended wear. Endothelial imaging was performed at the two study sites in this multicenter study (University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Western Reserve University Department of Ophthalmology [CWRU] and The Ohio State University [OSU]). The hydrogel lens group was instructed to wear their lenses for 7 days and 6 nights before discarding the lenses and to sleep with no lenses on the seventh night. The RGP group was permitted to wear the lenses for up to 30 days and 29 consecutive nights before removing the lenses for cleaning and overnight soaking.",
"CWRU had 24 patients (12 soft contact lens and 12 rigid contact lens) and OSU had 21 patients (12 soft contact lens and 9 rigid contact lens) who completed the study and were included in the analyses. Patients who were withdrawn from the study at CWRU included one RGP patient dropped out because of pregnancy; one RGP patient developed vascularized limbal keratitis and discomfort; one could not be fitted with a bitoric RGP; two soft lens patients moved from the area, and one dropped out because of dry eyes. At OSU, four patients dropped out due to discomfort (two in each lens type);one moved from the study area; one decided not to participate soon after the consent visit; one had worries of reduced vision at 6 months; one subject's attitude changed prior to the 6 month visit; and one subject was withdrawn for reasons of poor study schedule compliance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cell Count",
"Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear",
"Endothelium, Corneal",
"Humans",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Prospective Studies",
"Refraction, Ocular",
"Safety",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Visual Acuity"
]
} | The Menicon Z lens wearers in this study did not show significant endothelial cell morphology changes after 1 year of nearly continuous contact lens wear. This finding is particularly important considering the RGP wearers in this study were older by a average of 10 years (mean age approximately 40) and had worn their contact lenses an average of almost 10 years longer than the soft contact lens wearers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does corneal endothelial morphology result in the Menicon Z 30-day continuous-wear contact lens clinical trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This evaluation was conducted as part of a protocol entitled Evaluation of the Menicon Z Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens for up to 30 Days Extended Wear. The purpose of the protocol was to compare corneal endothelial morphology changes after wearing rigid gas-permeable (RGP) Menicon Z contact lenses, continuously for up to 30 days, with ACUVUE (Johnson & Johnson Vision Care) hydrogel contact lenses, worn for up to 6 nights of extended wear.', 'Sixty patients, who were adapted to RGP daily wear and soft contact lens daily wear, were recruited at two study sites. The thirty subjects who wore RGP daily wear lenses were fitted with the Menicon Z (tisilfocon A, oxygen permeablility [Dk] = 163) RGP contact lens comprised the test group. The control group subjects (n = 30 former users of daily wear soft contact lenses) were fitted with ACUVUE (etafilcon A, Dk = 28) hydrogel contact lenses. After a 2-week adaptation period of daily wear, subjects began extended wear. Endothelial imaging was performed at the two study sites in this multicenter study (University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Western Reserve University Department of Ophthalmology [CWRU] and The Ohio State University [OSU]). The hydrogel lens group was instructed to wear their lenses for 7 days and 6 nights before discarding the lenses and to sleep with no lenses on the seventh night. The RGP group was permitted to wear the lenses for up to 30 days and 29 consecutive nights before removing the lenses for cleaning and overnight soaking.', \"CWRU had 24 patients (12 soft contact lens and 12 rigid contact lens) and OSU had 21 patients (12 soft contact lens and 9 rigid contact lens) who completed the study and were included in the analyses. Patients who were withdrawn from the study at CWRU included one RGP patient dropped out because of pregnancy; one RGP patient developed vascularized limbal keratitis and discomfort; one could not be fitted with a bitoric RGP; two soft lens patients moved from the area, and one dropped out because of dry eyes. At OSU, four patients dropped out due to discomfort (two in each lens type);one moved from the study area; one decided not to participate soon after the consent visit; one had worries of reduced vision at 6 months; one subject's attitude changed prior to the 6 month visit; and one subject was withdrawn for reasons of poor study schedule compliance.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cell Count', 'Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Humans', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Safety', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Acuity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,541 | Is rhinovirus detectable in peripheral lung tissue after asthma death? | {
"contexts": [
"Viral infections are associated with both mild and severe exacerbations of asthma and may therefore be associated with asthma death. As such we hypothesized that it might be possible to detect rhinovirus (RV), the virus most frequently implicated in acute asthma, in lung tissue from patients who died from asthma.",
"We studied archival, wax-embedded lung tissue obtained postmortem from: (i) patients who died from asthma (n = 12), (ii) asthma patients with non-asthma-related death (n = 3), and (iii) non-asthmatic individuals who died from unrelated causes (n = 3). A validated reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect RV. To confirm RNA preservation, RT-PCR was used to detect expression of the constitutive gene adenine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (APRT). Sensitivity of the assay was assessed using wax-embedded RV-infected cells.",
"Sensitivity of RT-PCR for RV in wax-embedded sections was similar to previous studies (approximately 100 viral copies). Specimens used for study were predominantly of alveolar and small airway origin (< 2 mm). All tissues examined were negative for the presence of RV mRNA and positive for APRT mRNA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Picornaviridae Infections",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Rhinovirus"
]
} | RV infection of the lower airway may be an uncommon cause of fatal asthma. Alternatively, RV may not extend to peripheral airways and more proximal tissue sampling or PCR assays for other viruses may be required to determine an association between viral respiratory tract infection and fatal asthma. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is rhinovirus detectable in peripheral lung tissue after asthma death?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Viral infections are associated with both mild and severe exacerbations of asthma and may therefore be associated with asthma death. As such we hypothesized that it might be possible to detect rhinovirus (RV), the virus most frequently implicated in acute asthma, in lung tissue from patients who died from asthma.', 'We studied archival, wax-embedded lung tissue obtained postmortem from: (i) patients who died from asthma (n = 12), (ii) asthma patients with non-asthma-related death (n = 3), and (iii) non-asthmatic individuals who died from unrelated causes (n = 3). A validated reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect RV. To confirm RNA preservation, RT-PCR was used to detect expression of the constitutive gene adenine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (APRT). Sensitivity of the assay was assessed using wax-embedded RV-infected cells.', 'Sensitivity of RT-PCR for RV in wax-embedded sections was similar to previous studies (approximately 100 viral copies). Specimens used for study were predominantly of alveolar and small airway origin (< 2 mm). All tissues examined were negative for the presence of RV mRNA and positive for APRT mRNA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rhinovirus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,759,297 | Is in vitro growth rate of fibroblast-like synovial cells reduced by methotrexate treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) can be cultured and expanded in vitro in monolayer. Little is known about the growth characteristics of FLS derived from different patients.",
"To study FLS cultures, with particular attention to differences in growth rate of FLS from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from other arthritic patients. Additionally, to analyse the influence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment, patient age, and disease duration on FLS growth characteristics.",
"FLS were isolated from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens. Twenty four patients (11 RA, 8 spondyloarthropathy, 1 osteoarthritis, and 4 undifferentiated arthritis) were studied. FLS population doubling time was determined between passage 2 and passage 5. Differences in population doubling time between RA and non-RA FLS and between FLS from patients receiving MTX and those not receiving this drug were analysed. In addition, possible correlations between FLS population doubling time and patient age or disease duration were examined.",
"In vitro monolayer FLS cultures from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens showed linear growth characteristics. Cell growth rate was not correlated with type of disease. Cells from patients undergoing treatment with MTX showed a longer population doubling time than FLS from patients not receiving this drug (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05). No correlation was found with patient age or disease duration."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Antirheumatic Agents",
"Arthritis",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Cell Division",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Female",
"Fibroblasts",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Methotrexate",
"Middle Aged",
"Synovial Membrane",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The results suggest that FLS growth in monolayer is not dependent on the disease affecting the joint. MTX treatment, however, was more relevant in determining FLS growth rate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is in vitro growth rate of fibroblast-like synovial cells reduced by methotrexate treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) can be cultured and expanded in vitro in monolayer. Little is known about the growth characteristics of FLS derived from different patients.', 'To study FLS cultures, with particular attention to differences in growth rate of FLS from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from other arthritic patients. Additionally, to analyse the influence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment, patient age, and disease duration on FLS growth characteristics.', 'FLS were isolated from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens. Twenty four patients (11 RA, 8 spondyloarthropathy, 1 osteoarthritis, and 4 undifferentiated arthritis) were studied. FLS population doubling time was determined between passage 2 and passage 5. Differences in population doubling time between RA and non-RA FLS and between FLS from patients receiving MTX and those not receiving this drug were analysed. In addition, possible correlations between FLS population doubling time and patient age or disease duration were examined.', 'In vitro monolayer FLS cultures from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens showed linear growth characteristics. Cell growth rate was not correlated with type of disease. Cells from patients undergoing treatment with MTX showed a longer population doubling time than FLS from patients not receiving this drug (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05). No correlation was found with patient age or disease duration.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,290 | Does mycophenolate mofetil prevent a clinical relapse in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at risk? | {
"contexts": [
"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by the presence of antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA), which are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Previous studies showed that at least two thirds of patients develop a clinical relapse within six months after a significant rise in the anti-dsDNA level, and most relapses were prevented by the administration of corticosteroids at the time of the rise.",
"To determine whether mofetil mycophenolate (MMF) can prevent a clinical relapse without the side effects associated with corticosteroids.",
"36 patients with SLE were examined monthly to determine whether a rise in anti-dsDNA level had occurred. A rise was defined as an increase of 25% of the level of the previous sample of at least 15 IU/ml within a four month period. After a rise patients were treated with MMF 2000 mg daily for six months. Patients were monitored monthly for the occurrence of a clinical relapse and to assess the serological activity and state of activation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocyte subsets.",
"Anti-dsDNA rose in 10 patients. Treatment with MMF was started in all these patients, and after six months no clinical relapse had occurred. Side effects were minimal. Antibodies to dsDNA decreased during the treatment (p<0.001), associated with a decrease in the state of activation of CD19+ lymphocytes. No changes were found in the state of activation of CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antibodies, Antinuclear",
"DNA",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"IMP Dehydrogenase",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mycophenolic Acid",
"Pilot Projects",
"Prodrugs",
"Secondary Prevention"
]
} | Administration of MMF after a rise in antibodies to dsDNA is well tolerated, decreases anti-dsDNA and B cell activation, and seems to prevent the occurrence of a clinical relapse in patients with SLE. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mycophenolate mofetil prevent a clinical relapse in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at risk?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by the presence of antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA), which are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Previous studies showed that at least two thirds of patients develop a clinical relapse within six months after a significant rise in the anti-dsDNA level, and most relapses were prevented by the administration of corticosteroids at the time of the rise.', 'To determine whether mofetil mycophenolate (MMF) can prevent a clinical relapse without the side effects associated with corticosteroids.', '36 patients with SLE were examined monthly to determine whether a rise in anti-dsDNA level had occurred. A rise was defined as an increase of 25% of the level of the previous sample of at least 15 IU/ml within a four month period. After a rise patients were treated with MMF 2000 mg daily for six months. Patients were monitored monthly for the occurrence of a clinical relapse and to assess the serological activity and state of activation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocyte subsets.', 'Anti-dsDNA rose in 10 patients. Treatment with MMF was started in all these patients, and after six months no clinical relapse had occurred. Side effects were minimal. Antibodies to dsDNA decreased during the treatment (p<0.001), associated with a decrease in the state of activation of CD19+ lymphocytes. No changes were found in the state of activation of CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'IMP Dehydrogenase', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prodrugs', 'Secondary Prevention']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,367 | Is prothrombin G20210A mutation , but not factor V Leiden , a risk factor in patients with persistent foramen ovale and otherwise unexplained cerebral ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Paradoxical embolism via persistent foramen ovale (PFO) is suspected to be a frequent cause of stroke in younger patients. We investigated whether the prevalence of the risk factors for venous thrombosis factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutation (PT G20210A) is increased in this group of patients.",
"We examined FVL and PT G20210A mutation in 220 patients (group 1) with cerebral ischemia associated with a PFO and without other etiology, in 196 patients with cerebral ischemia of an etiology other than PFO (group 2), and in 362 healthy subjects (group 3) from the same region in Germany.",
"Heterozygosity for the PT G20210A mutation was more common in group 1 (5.0%) than in group 3 (1.4%; sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio 3.66; 95% CI 1.25-10.75; p = 0.01). By contrast, the mutation was not more common in group 2 (2.6%; odds ratio 1.50; 95% CI 0.42-5.41; p = 0.5). Prevalences of FVL were not different between groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Factor V",
"Female",
"Heart Septal Defects, Atrial",
"Heterozygote",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Intracranial Thrombosis",
"Ischemic Attack, Transient",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Odds Ratio",
"Prothrombin",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Stroke",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial"
]
} | We identified PT G20210A but not FVL - the strongest genetic risk factor for deep venous thrombosis - to be significantly associated with stroke attributed to PFO. These findings rise doubts about the concept of paradoxical brain embolism as the dominating mechanism in stroke associated with PFO. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is prothrombin G20210A mutation , but not factor V Leiden , a risk factor in patients with persistent foramen ovale and otherwise unexplained cerebral ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Paradoxical embolism via persistent foramen ovale (PFO) is suspected to be a frequent cause of stroke in younger patients. We investigated whether the prevalence of the risk factors for venous thrombosis factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutation (PT G20210A) is increased in this group of patients.', 'We examined FVL and PT G20210A mutation in 220 patients (group 1) with cerebral ischemia associated with a PFO and without other etiology, in 196 patients with cerebral ischemia of an etiology other than PFO (group 2), and in 362 healthy subjects (group 3) from the same region in Germany.', 'Heterozygosity for the PT G20210A mutation was more common in group 1 (5.0%) than in group 3 (1.4%; sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio 3.66; 95% CI 1.25-10.75; p = 0.01). By contrast, the mutation was not more common in group 2 (2.6%; odds ratio 1.50; 95% CI 0.42-5.41; p = 0.5). Prevalences of FVL were not different between groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Intracranial Thrombosis', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prothrombin', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Stroke', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,093 | Do motivational brochures increase the number of medicare-eligible persons with diabetes making therapeutic footwear claims? | {
"contexts": [
"This study tests the hypothesis that Medicare beneficiaries at high risk of foot complications who are mailed a motivational brochure describing the Medicare diabetes-related therapeutic footwear benefit will increase their therapeutic footwear-related Medicare claims.",
"In this quasi-experimental study, a motivational brochure was mailed in the summer of 1997 to 5,872 Medicare beneficiaries in Washington, Alaska, and Idaho who were identified as being at high risk for foot-related claims on the basis of their prior Medicare claims history. Beneficiaries were identified through footwear claims made in these states-and also in three comparison states (Oregon, Montana, and Wyoming)-during the 18 months before and after the mailing. Linear regression was used to compare the number of persons making claims in the intervention states with the comparison states before, at the time of, and after the mailing.",
"Before the intervention, the number of persons making claims was increasing in the non-intervention states and decreasing in the intervention states. During the first month after the intervention mailing, the number of persons making claims remained nearly the same in non-intervention states, but increased 13 persons per month in intervention states (95% CI 3.5-11 persons/month). After the intervention, the number of persons making claims continued to increase similarly in both intervention and non-intervention states."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alaska",
"Diabetic Foot",
"Humans",
"Idaho",
"Insurance Claim Review",
"Medicare",
"Motivation",
"Pamphlets",
"Shoes",
"United States",
"Washington"
]
} | Mailed motivational brochures were associated with an increase in the number of persons making therapeutic footwear claims. Randomized trials should confirm these findings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do motivational brochures increase the number of medicare-eligible persons with diabetes making therapeutic footwear claims?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study tests the hypothesis that Medicare beneficiaries at high risk of foot complications who are mailed a motivational brochure describing the Medicare diabetes-related therapeutic footwear benefit will increase their therapeutic footwear-related Medicare claims.', 'In this quasi-experimental study, a motivational brochure was mailed in the summer of 1997 to 5,872 Medicare beneficiaries in Washington, Alaska, and Idaho who were identified as being at high risk for foot-related claims on the basis of their prior Medicare claims history. Beneficiaries were identified through footwear claims made in these states-and also in three comparison states (Oregon, Montana, and Wyoming)-during the 18 months before and after the mailing. Linear regression was used to compare the number of persons making claims in the intervention states with the comparison states before, at the time of, and after the mailing.', 'Before the intervention, the number of persons making claims was increasing in the non-intervention states and decreasing in the intervention states. During the first month after the intervention mailing, the number of persons making claims remained nearly the same in non-intervention states, but increased 13 persons per month in intervention states (95% CI 3.5-11 persons/month). After the intervention, the number of persons making claims continued to increase similarly in both intervention and non-intervention states.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Alaska', 'Diabetic Foot', 'Humans', 'Idaho', 'Insurance Claim Review', 'Medicare', 'Motivation', 'Pamphlets', 'Shoes', 'United States', 'Washington']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,092 | Does weight loss in combination with physical activity improve endothelial dysfunction in human obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether weight loss may improve endothelial dysfunction in human obesity, we recruited 28 healthy obese subjects, aged 30-46 years, with BMI 30-43 kg/m(2).",
"Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were investigated by intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of acetylcholine (ACh; 7.5, 15, and 30 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)) and sodium nitroprusside (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Weight loss was obtained by caloric restriction and physical activity.",
"We observed a significant reduction in BMI (from 33.1 +/- 4.2 to 27.5 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2), -16.9%, P < 0.0001) and in waist circumference (from 108.2 +/- 12.1 to 96.8 +/- 12.9 cm, -10.5%, P < 0.0001). Weight loss was also associated with a significant increase in ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow (FBF), from 7.4 +/- 2.8 to 12.9 +/- 3.4 ml. 100 ml(-1) of tissue x min(-1) kg/m(2) (P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the only independent predictor of FBF was HOMA, accounting for 44.5% of the variation, whereas the addition of BMI explained another 2.3% of the variation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Adult",
"Body Constitution",
"Body Mass Index",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Diet, Reducing",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Exercise",
"Fibroblast Growth Factors",
"Forearm",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Italy",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Nitroprusside",
"Obesity",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Regression Analysis",
"Vasodilation",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | Our data demonstrate that energy-restricted diet associated with physical activity induce a significant and clinically relevant improvement in ACh-stimulated vasodilation in obese healthy subjects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does weight loss in combination with physical activity improve endothelial dysfunction in human obesity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test whether weight loss may improve endothelial dysfunction in human obesity, we recruited 28 healthy obese subjects, aged 30-46 years, with BMI 30-43 kg/m(2).', 'Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were investigated by intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of acetylcholine (ACh; 7.5, 15, and 30 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)) and sodium nitroprusside (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Weight loss was obtained by caloric restriction and physical activity.', 'We observed a significant reduction in BMI (from 33.1 +/- 4.2 to 27.5 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2), -16.9%, P < 0.0001) and in waist circumference (from 108.2 +/- 12.1 to 96.8 +/- 12.9 cm, -10.5%, P < 0.0001). Weight loss was also associated with a significant increase in ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow (FBF), from 7.4 +/- 2.8 to 12.9 +/- 3.4 ml. 100 ml(-1) of tissue x min(-1) kg/m(2) (P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the only independent predictor of FBF was HOMA, accounting for 44.5% of the variation, whereas the addition of BMI explained another 2.3% of the variation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Adult', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diet, Reducing', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Exercise', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Italy', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nitroprusside', 'Obesity', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Regression Analysis', 'Vasodilation', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,751,627 | Does correlation of subcellular compartmentalization of HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugate with chemotherapeutic activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Intracellular targets sensitive to oxidized damage generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-mesochlorin e6 monoethylenediamine (Mce6) conjugates was explored to aid in the design of second generation PDT delivery systems.",
"Low temperature, metabolic inhibitor, and nuclear localization sequences (NLS(FITC)) were used to achieve desired subcellular localization that was evaluated by confocal analysis and subcellular fractionation. Mce6 was bound to HPMA copolymer conjugates via non-degradable dipeptide linkers (P-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or lysosomally degradable tetrapeptide spacers (P-GFLG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6). Chemotherapeutic efficacy was assessed by the concentration that inhibited growth by 50% (IC50), cell associated drug concentration (CAD) and confocal microscopy.",
"P-GFLG-Mce6 possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activ ity compared to P-GG-Mce6 indicating enzymatically released Mce6 was more active than copolymer-bound Mce6. Lysosomes appeared less sensitive to photodamage as observed by a higher IC50. Nuclear-directed HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates (P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6) possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activity. However, control cationic HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates containing a scrambled NLS (P-scNLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or amino groups (P-NH2-GG-Mce6) also displayed increased chemotherapeutic activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Drug Delivery Systems",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Mesoporphyrins",
"Methacrylates",
"Porphyrins",
"Subcellular Fractions"
]
} | Nuclear delivery was observed for P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6 and P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6 indicating NLS was a feasible approach for nuclear delivery. Due to the cationic nature of NLS, increased membrane binding of PDT systems incorporating cationic nuclear targeting moieties must be addressed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does correlation of subcellular compartmentalization of HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugate with chemotherapeutic activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intracellular targets sensitive to oxidized damage generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-mesochlorin e6 monoethylenediamine (Mce6) conjugates was explored to aid in the design of second generation PDT delivery systems.', 'Low temperature, metabolic inhibitor, and nuclear localization sequences (NLS(FITC)) were used to achieve desired subcellular localization that was evaluated by confocal analysis and subcellular fractionation. Mce6 was bound to HPMA copolymer conjugates via non-degradable dipeptide linkers (P-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or lysosomally degradable tetrapeptide spacers (P-GFLG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6). Chemotherapeutic efficacy was assessed by the concentration that inhibited growth by 50% (IC50), cell associated drug concentration (CAD) and confocal microscopy.', 'P-GFLG-Mce6 possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activ ity compared to P-GG-Mce6 indicating enzymatically released Mce6 was more active than copolymer-bound Mce6. Lysosomes appeared less sensitive to photodamage as observed by a higher IC50. Nuclear-directed HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates (P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6) possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activity. However, control cationic HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates containing a scrambled NLS (P-scNLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or amino groups (P-NH2-GG-Mce6) also displayed increased chemotherapeutic activity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mesoporphyrins', 'Methacrylates', 'Porphyrins', 'Subcellular Fractions']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,112 | Is glutamine infusion during ischemia detrimental in a murine gut ischemia/reperfusion model? | {
"contexts": [
"Gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) frequently occurs in clinical settings as a result of disproportionate splanchnic hypoperfusion during shock. Glutamine (GLN) supplementation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before gut I/R improves survival after gut I/R compared with standard TPN. However, it is unknown whether GLN treatment after the occurrence of the insult is beneficial or not. The aims of this study were to examine effects of GLN infusion during gut ischemia on survival, myeloid cell (neutrophils + monocytes) activation, and vascular permeability in organs.",
"Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomized to control and GLN groups. After IV cannulation, mice underwent 90 (experiments 1 and 2) or 60 (experiment 3) minutes of gut I/R. Control mice received normal saline infusion at 1 mL/h for 60 minutes during ischemia, whereas the GLN group was given 3% GLN solution. In experiment 1, survival rates were monitored for 72 hours (n = 25). In experiment 2, peripheral blood was obtained at 2 or 4 hours after reperfusion (n = 17). Reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production by myeloid cells was determined by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine 123 with or without phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Expression of CD11a and CD11b on myeloid cells was also measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung was evaluated. In experiment 3, vascular permeability in organs was measured using Evans blue at 2 or 4 hours.",
"In experiment 1, survival time in the GLN group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (p = .02, log-rank test). The survival rates were 92% (12/13) and 42% (5/12) for the control and GLN groups at 12 hours (p = .01) and 38% (5/13) and 0% (0/12) at 48 hours (p = .02), respectively. In experiment 2, ROI production was significantly higher in the GLN group than in the control group after PMA stimulation both at 2 and 4 hours. CD11b expression was significantly higher in the GLN group than in the control group at 4 hours. There was no difference in pulmonary MPO activity at either time point. In experiment 3, GLN infusion significantly increased hepatic vascular permeability compared with saline infusion at 4 hours."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Capillary Permeability",
"Glutamine",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Intestine, Small",
"Ischemia",
"Male",
"Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred ICR",
"Parenteral Nutrition, Total",
"Peroxidase",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Reperfusion Injury"
]
} | GLN infusion during ischemia is detrimental for survival after gut I/R. A possible mechanism is excessive priming of myeloid cells caused by GLN infusion. Timing of GLN administration is critical for outcome after gut ischemic insult. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is glutamine infusion during ischemia detrimental in a murine gut ischemia/reperfusion model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) frequently occurs in clinical settings as a result of disproportionate splanchnic hypoperfusion during shock. Glutamine (GLN) supplementation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before gut I/R improves survival after gut I/R compared with standard TPN. However, it is unknown whether GLN treatment after the occurrence of the insult is beneficial or not. The aims of this study were to examine effects of GLN infusion during gut ischemia on survival, myeloid cell (neutrophils + monocytes) activation, and vascular permeability in organs.', 'Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomized to control and GLN groups. After IV cannulation, mice underwent 90 (experiments 1 and 2) or 60 (experiment 3) minutes of gut I/R. Control mice received normal saline infusion at 1 mL/h for 60 minutes during ischemia, whereas the GLN group was given 3% GLN solution. In experiment 1, survival rates were monitored for 72 hours (n = 25). In experiment 2, peripheral blood was obtained at 2 or 4 hours after reperfusion (n = 17). Reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production by myeloid cells was determined by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine 123 with or without phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Expression of CD11a and CD11b on myeloid cells was also measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung was evaluated. In experiment 3, vascular permeability in organs was measured using Evans blue at 2 or 4 hours.', 'In experiment 1, survival time in the GLN group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (p = .02, log-rank test). The survival rates were 92% (12/13) and 42% (5/12) for the control and GLN groups at 12 hours (p = .01) and 38% (5/13) and 0% (0/12) at 48 hours (p = .02), respectively. In experiment 2, ROI production was significantly higher in the GLN group than in the control group after PMA stimulation both at 2 and 4 hours. CD11b expression was significantly higher in the GLN group than in the control group at 4 hours. There was no difference in pulmonary MPO activity at either time point. In experiment 3, GLN infusion significantly increased hepatic vascular permeability compared with saline infusion at 4 hours.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Glutamine', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intestine, Small', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Peroxidase', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reperfusion Injury']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,578 | Does gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP ) dose-dependently stimulate glucagon secretion in healthy human subjects at euglycaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"In the isolated perfused pancreas, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) has been shown to enhance glucagon secretion at basal glucose concentrations, but in healthy humans no glucagonotropic effect of GIP has yet been reported. Therefore, we studied the effect of GIP on glucagon secretion under normoglycaemic conditions.",
"Ten healthy subjects (9 men, 1 woman; age 33+/-11; BMI 26.8+/-2.2 kg/m(2)) received three different doses of intravenous GIP (7, 20, and 60 pmol/kg body weight) and placebo. Venous blood samples were drawn over 30 min for glucagon and GIP concentrations (specific radioimmunoassays). In addition, 31 healthy subjects (16 men, 15 women; 42+/-11 years; BMI 24.4+/-2.7 kg/m(2)) were studied with 20 pmol GIP/kg. Statistics were done with RM-ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc tests.",
"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide dose-dependently stimulated glucagon secretion ( p=0.019) with a maximal increment after 10 min. Incremental glucagon concentrations (Delta(10-0 min)) were 0.1+/-0.7, 1.4+/-0.5, 2.4+/-0.5, and 3.4+/-0.8 pmol/l (for placebo and for 7, 20, and 60 pmol GIP/kg, respectively; p=0.017). After the injection of 20 pmol GIP/kg b.w. in 31 healthy subjects, glucagon concentrations increased over the baseline from 7.5+/-0.5 to 9.3+/-0.7 pmol/l ( p=0.0082)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Glucose",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide",
"Glucagon",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Peptide Fragments",
"Reference Values"
]
} | Glucagon secretion is dose-dependently stimulated by GIP at basal glucose concentrations. The absence of a glucagonotropic GIP effect in previous studies could be due to the hyperglycaemic conditions used in these experiments. Our results underline differences between GIP and the glucagonostatic incretin GLP-1. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP ) dose-dependently stimulate glucagon secretion in healthy human subjects at euglycaemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In the isolated perfused pancreas, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) has been shown to enhance glucagon secretion at basal glucose concentrations, but in healthy humans no glucagonotropic effect of GIP has yet been reported. Therefore, we studied the effect of GIP on glucagon secretion under normoglycaemic conditions.', \"Ten healthy subjects (9 men, 1 woman; age 33+/-11; BMI 26.8+/-2.2 kg/m(2)) received three different doses of intravenous GIP (7, 20, and 60 pmol/kg body weight) and placebo. Venous blood samples were drawn over 30 min for glucagon and GIP concentrations (specific radioimmunoassays). In addition, 31 healthy subjects (16 men, 15 women; 42+/-11 years; BMI 24.4+/-2.7 kg/m(2)) were studied with 20 pmol GIP/kg. Statistics were done with RM-ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc tests.\", 'Gastric inhibitory polypeptide dose-dependently stimulated glucagon secretion ( p=0.019) with a maximal increment after 10 min. Incremental glucagon concentrations (Delta(10-0 min)) were 0.1+/-0.7, 1.4+/-0.5, 2.4+/-0.5, and 3.4+/-0.8 pmol/l (for placebo and for 7, 20, and 60 pmol GIP/kg, respectively; p=0.017). After the injection of 20 pmol GIP/kg b.w. in 31 healthy subjects, glucagon concentrations increased over the baseline from 7.5+/-0.5 to 9.3+/-0.7 pmol/l ( p=0.0082).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Glucose', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide', 'Glucagon', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Reference Values']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,776 | Does extent of parietal peritonectomy change intraperitoneal chemotherapy pharmacokinetics? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure the clearance intraperitoneal mitomycin C and doxorubicin in patients having peritonectomy and analyze the impact of the extent of peritoneal resection on pharmacokinetics.",
"A group of 15 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were submitted to cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ten patients received mitomycin C and five, doxorubicin. Six patients underwent total parietal peritonectomy and nine had less-extensive peritonectomy. Pharmacokinetics were determined by sampling peritoneal fluid and blood. Drug concentrations over time, area under the curve ratios and the amount of drug recovered from the peritoneal cavity were calculated and compared between the groups.",
"The concentrations of mitomycin C over time in the peritoneal fluid and plasma were similar in five patients with total parietal peritonectomy as compared to five patients with less-extensive peritonectomy ( P=0.5350 and 0.6991; Mann-Whitney test). Mitomycin C area under the curve ratio in total peritonectomy patients was 20.5 and 25.7 in patients with less-extensive peritonectomy. The difference in total amount of drug recovered from the peritoneal cavity was not significant (30.6+/-6.188% versus 22.6+/-3.84%, P=0.095). In the studies with doxorubicin, one patient underwent total parietal peritonectomy with similar pharmacokinetics to four patients submitted to partial peritonectomy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous",
"Antibiotics, Antineoplastic",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Area Under Curve",
"Biological Availability",
"Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion",
"Doxorubicin",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperthermia, Induced",
"Infusions, Parenteral",
"Male",
"Mitomycin",
"Peritoneal Neoplasms",
"Peritoneum"
]
} | The extent of parietal peritoneal resection did not affect the pharmacokinetics of intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The pharmacological barrier between the abdominopelvic cavity and plasma is not directly related to an intact peritoneum. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does extent of parietal peritonectomy change intraperitoneal chemotherapy pharmacokinetics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To measure the clearance intraperitoneal mitomycin C and doxorubicin in patients having peritonectomy and analyze the impact of the extent of peritoneal resection on pharmacokinetics.', 'A group of 15 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were submitted to cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ten patients received mitomycin C and five, doxorubicin. Six patients underwent total parietal peritonectomy and nine had less-extensive peritonectomy. Pharmacokinetics were determined by sampling peritoneal fluid and blood. Drug concentrations over time, area under the curve ratios and the amount of drug recovered from the peritoneal cavity were calculated and compared between the groups.', 'The concentrations of mitomycin C over time in the peritoneal fluid and plasma were similar in five patients with total parietal peritonectomy as compared to five patients with less-extensive peritonectomy ( P=0.5350 and 0.6991; Mann-Whitney test). Mitomycin C area under the curve ratio in total peritonectomy patients was 20.5 and 25.7 in patients with less-extensive peritonectomy. The difference in total amount of drug recovered from the peritoneal cavity was not significant (30.6+/-6.188% versus 22.6+/-3.84%, P=0.095). In the studies with doxorubicin, one patient underwent total parietal peritonectomy with similar pharmacokinetics to four patients submitted to partial peritonectomy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biological Availability', 'Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Mitomycin', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Peritoneum']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,778,449 | Is [ Coding single nucleotide polymorphism an ideal marker for detecting gene imprinting by 5 ' nuclease assay ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish a novel approach for quick and high throughput verification of human gene imprinting.",
"By use of a pair of dye-labeled probes, 5' nuclease assay was combined with reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR) to genotype a coding single nucleotide polymorphism (cSNP), rs705(C/T) of a known imprinted gene, small nuclear ribonucleotide protein N (SNRPN), on both genomic DNA and cDNA of human lymphoblast cell lines.",
"Allele discrimination showed a clear monoallelic expression pattern of SNRPN, which was confirmed by RT-PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Pedigree analysis verified the paternal origin of expressed allele, which is in consistency with previous report."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"Biomarkers",
"Clinical Laboratory Techniques",
"DNA",
"Endonucleases",
"Genetic Techniques",
"Genomic Imprinting",
"Humans",
"Pedigree",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | Coding SNP is an ideal marker for detecting gene imprinting by 5' nuclease assay. This approach has also a potentiality to discover differential allele expression of non-imprinted genes in order to find gene cis-acting functional polymorphism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is [ Coding single nucleotide polymorphism an ideal marker for detecting gene imprinting by 5 ' nuclease assay ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To establish a novel approach for quick and high throughput verification of human gene imprinting.', \"By use of a pair of dye-labeled probes, 5' nuclease assay was combined with reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR) to genotype a coding single nucleotide polymorphism (cSNP), rs705(C/T) of a known imprinted gene, small nuclear ribonucleotide protein N (SNRPN), on both genomic DNA and cDNA of human lymphoblast cell lines.\", 'Allele discrimination showed a clear monoallelic expression pattern of SNRPN, which was confirmed by RT-PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Pedigree analysis verified the paternal origin of expressed allele, which is in consistency with previous report.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'Biomarkers', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'DNA', 'Endonucleases', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Genomic Imprinting', 'Humans', 'Pedigree', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,988 | Is reduced expression of p27 correlated with progression in precancerous lesions of the larynx? | {
"contexts": [
"Factors related to malignant transformation of laryngeal precancerous lesions remain largely unknown, so we investigated the relationship between the expression of p27 and precancerous laryngeal lesion.",
"In this study we investigated the expressions of p27 and p53 protein in 56 cases with laryngeal precancerous or cancer lesions (20 cases of hyperplasia, 19 of dysplasia, and 17 of squamous cell carcinoma), and went on to evaluate the relationship between immunoreactivity of each of them and the histological findings. We also evaluated the correlation between immunoreactivity and proliferative activity with the aid of Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining.",
"A retrospective study was performed in 56 cases (20 with epithelial hyperplasia, 19 with epithelial dysplasia and 17 with laryngeal cancer). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate expression of p27, p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining, using the avidian-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.",
"p27 immunostaining was observed in 12 out of 20 cases of hyperplasia (60%), six out of 19 cases of dysplasia (31%), and 2/17 (12%) of carcinoma. We found significant association between p27 immunostaining and the histological findings. On the other hand, p53 immunostaining was observed in 6/20 (30%) of hyperplasia, 3/19 (16%) of dysplasia, and 7/17 (41%) of carcinoma. No significant association was found between p53 and the histological findings."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Disease Progression",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Ki-67 Antigen",
"Laryngeal Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Microfilament Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle Proteins",
"Precancerous Conditions",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Our results revealed that immunohistochemical assessment of p27 in bioptic samples of laryngeal precancerous lesions might be useful in selective patients who should undergo a more specific follow-up evaluation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is reduced expression of p27 correlated with progression in precancerous lesions of the larynx?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Factors related to malignant transformation of laryngeal precancerous lesions remain largely unknown, so we investigated the relationship between the expression of p27 and precancerous laryngeal lesion.', 'In this study we investigated the expressions of p27 and p53 protein in 56 cases with laryngeal precancerous or cancer lesions (20 cases of hyperplasia, 19 of dysplasia, and 17 of squamous cell carcinoma), and went on to evaluate the relationship between immunoreactivity of each of them and the histological findings. We also evaluated the correlation between immunoreactivity and proliferative activity with the aid of Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining.', 'A retrospective study was performed in 56 cases (20 with epithelial hyperplasia, 19 with epithelial dysplasia and 17 with laryngeal cancer). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate expression of p27, p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining, using the avidian-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.', 'p27 immunostaining was observed in 12 out of 20 cases of hyperplasia (60%), six out of 19 cases of dysplasia (31%), and 2/17 (12%) of carcinoma. We found significant association between p27 immunostaining and the histological findings. On the other hand, p53 immunostaining was observed in 6/20 (30%) of hyperplasia, 3/19 (16%) of dysplasia, and 7/17 (41%) of carcinoma. No significant association was found between p53 and the histological findings.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,984 | Does neurotrophin-3 modify potassium currents in isolated inner hair cells from guinea-pig cochlea? | {
"contexts": [
"Neurotrophins elicited short-term glutamate release from the presynaptic locus. The aim of this study was to investigate short-term effects of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on the membrane current of inner hair cells (IHCs).",
"IHCs were isolated from the guinea-pig cochlea. Membrane currents were measured by conventional whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings. NT-3 was dissolved in a standard external solution and applied to the IHCs under pressure using pipettes.",
"Six out of eight IHCs demonstrated a suppression of K currents by extracellular application of NT-3. At +60 mV, the amplitudes of the outward current in the control and NT-3 solutions were 5.6+/-1.3 and 4.2+/-1.0 nA, respectively. NT-3 suppression was voltage-independent. One cell showed an immediate suppression with NT-3 and the following potentiation during washing with standard saline."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Guinea Pigs",
"Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Neurotrophin 3",
"Potassium Channels"
]
} | NT-3 suppressed the amplitude of K current on IHCs, suggesting that neurotrophins are capable of potentiating the hair cells' excitability. Neurotrophins may have a therapeutic value in the prevention and treatment of hearing impairment caused by inner ear damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neurotrophin-3 modify potassium currents in isolated inner hair cells from guinea-pig cochlea?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Neurotrophins elicited short-term glutamate release from the presynaptic locus. The aim of this study was to investigate short-term effects of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on the membrane current of inner hair cells (IHCs).', 'IHCs were isolated from the guinea-pig cochlea. Membrane currents were measured by conventional whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings. NT-3 was dissolved in a standard external solution and applied to the IHCs under pressure using pipettes.', 'Six out of eight IHCs demonstrated a suppression of K currents by extracellular application of NT-3. At +60 mV, the amplitudes of the outward current in the control and NT-3 solutions were 5.6+/-1.3 and 4.2+/-1.0 nA, respectively. NT-3 suppression was voltage-independent. One cell showed an immediate suppression with NT-3 and the following potentiation during washing with standard saline.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'Potassium Channels']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,782,960 | Is nOTCH4 gene promoter polymorphism associated with the age of onset in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"The NOTCH4 gene has a promoter polymor-phism at position -25, which leads to the three genotypes TT, CT and CC. These have been suggested to present a novel independent genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. We conducted a prospective case-control study to explore the impact of NOTCH4 T-25C polymorphism on the factors associated with schizophrenia.",
"NOTCH4 gene promoter T-25C polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction among 94 patients with schizophrenia and 94 healthy age-matched and sex-matched blood donors.",
"The T allele was highly associated with an earlier age of onset in male patients of schizophrenia (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test P<0.0001). Moreover, the male patients carrying the T allele were born significantly more often in June-November compared with other months of the year [odds ratio=3.92 (95% confidence interval=1.025-15.018), P=0.046]. No association was determined, however, between the NOTCH4 gene polymorphism under study and schizophrenia."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age of Onset",
"Alleles",
"Chromosome Mapping",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6",
"DNA",
"Humans",
"Major Histocompatibility Complex",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Receptor, Notch4",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Receptors, Notch",
"Schizophrenia"
]
} | The NOTCH4 T-25C polymorphism has an important effect on the age of onset in schizophrenia and thus may be related to an early pathogenesis of schizophrenia in young patients. Alternatively, these findings may represent a significant genetic marker for managing subgroups and etiological clues in schizophrenia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is nOTCH4 gene promoter polymorphism associated with the age of onset in schizophrenia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The NOTCH4 gene has a promoter polymor-phism at position -25, which leads to the three genotypes TT, CT and CC. These have been suggested to present a novel independent genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. We conducted a prospective case-control study to explore the impact of NOTCH4 T-25C polymorphism on the factors associated with schizophrenia.', 'NOTCH4 gene promoter T-25C polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction among 94 patients with schizophrenia and 94 healthy age-matched and sex-matched blood donors.', 'The T allele was highly associated with an earlier age of onset in male patients of schizophrenia (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test P<0.0001). Moreover, the male patients carrying the T allele were born significantly more often in June-November compared with other months of the year [odds ratio=3.92 (95% confidence interval=1.025-15.018), P=0.046]. No association was determined, however, between the NOTCH4 gene polymorphism under study and schizophrenia.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Alleles', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Major Histocompatibility Complex', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor, Notch4', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Schizophrenia']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,750,926 | Are the splice variants 120 and 164 of the angiogenic peptide vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) expressed during Achilles tendon healing? | {
"contexts": [
"The Achilles tendon is one of the most common sites of tendon injury and rupture. One of the early events of wound healing is angiogenesis, in which neovascularization prompts delivery of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts to the wound site. Angiogenesis is controlled by a variety of mitogenic, chemotactic, or inhibitory peptides and lipid factors that act on invading endothelial and smooth muscle cells. One of the most important angiogenic factors is the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), a glycosylated protein of 46-48 kDa composed of two disulfide-linked subunits.",
"We therefore investigated the expression of VEGF during healing of artificial lesions of the Achilles tendon in a sheep model by immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular, and cell biology methods. Two groups were created, the Achilles tendon was tenotomized, and the animals were killed at 3 and 24 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 specimens. Six animals which did not undergo surgery served as controls.",
"VEGF could be immunostained in tenocytes of ruptured but not in normal adult tendons. At microvessels, the receptors VEGFR-1 (flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR) could also be visualized. High VEGF levels in ruptured and negligible levels in normal Achilles tendons could be confirmed and quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The highest VEGF concentrations were found in ruptured tendons, whereas the VEGF content in healthy adult tendons was negligible. Interestingly, the VEGF concentration of the original tendon stump was higher after 3 weeks than that of the newly regenerated tendon tissue. However, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the splice variants VEGF(120 )and VEGF(164) are expressed at 3 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"RNA Splicing",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sheep",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | These results prove the presence of the splice variants VEGF(120 )and VEGF(164) in ruptured tendons during the healing process. The demonstrated up-regulation of VEGF in intrinsic tenocytes suggests a role for VEGF in mechanisms of angiogenesis and Achilles tendon repair. Further research is needed to evaluate if VEGF might be a possible tool to enhance the process of tendon healing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the splice variants 120 and 164 of the angiogenic peptide vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) expressed during Achilles tendon healing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Achilles tendon is one of the most common sites of tendon injury and rupture. One of the early events of wound healing is angiogenesis, in which neovascularization prompts delivery of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts to the wound site. Angiogenesis is controlled by a variety of mitogenic, chemotactic, or inhibitory peptides and lipid factors that act on invading endothelial and smooth muscle cells. One of the most important angiogenic factors is the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), a glycosylated protein of 46-48 kDa composed of two disulfide-linked subunits.', 'We therefore investigated the expression of VEGF during healing of artificial lesions of the Achilles tendon in a sheep model by immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular, and cell biology methods. Two groups were created, the Achilles tendon was tenotomized, and the animals were killed at 3 and 24 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 specimens. Six animals which did not undergo surgery served as controls.', 'VEGF could be immunostained in tenocytes of ruptured but not in normal adult tendons. At microvessels, the receptors VEGFR-1 (flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR) could also be visualized. High VEGF levels in ruptured and negligible levels in normal Achilles tendons could be confirmed and quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The highest VEGF concentrations were found in ruptured tendons, whereas the VEGF content in healthy adult tendons was negligible. Interestingly, the VEGF concentration of the original tendon stump was higher after 3 weeks than that of the newly regenerated tendon tissue. However, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the splice variants VEGF(120 )and VEGF(164) are expressed at 3 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'RNA Splicing', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sheep', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,305 | Is re-operation frequently required when parathyroid glands remain after initial parathyroidectomy for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism in uraemic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the most successful treatment for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) not responsive to medical treatment. However, persistent HPT remains problematic after PTx if some glands remain. The clinical course in patients with persistent 2HPT was evaluated to clarify the risk for re-operation after PTx.",
"Between March 1981 and December 2001, initial total PTx with forearm autograft were performed in 1156 uraemic patients. Persistent HPT cases were defined as those in which the lowest post-operative intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) concentration was >60 pg/ml, and patients were classified into groups A, B and C, with i-PTH concentrations of >or=500, 300-500 and 60-300 pg/ml, respectively. These patients were followed for 7-234 months after PTx.",
"Persistent HPT was identified in 49/1156 patients (4.2%), with nine cases in group A, 10 in group B and 30 in group C. Re-operation was required in 21/49 (42.8%) cases, and in seven of these the last i-PTH concentration was >or=500 pg/ml. All cases in group A required re-operation. In group C, 11/30 (36.7%) patients required re-operation. The missed glands removed at re-operation were supernumerary in 14 cases, and located in the mediastinum in 13 cases. The frequency of advanced HPT and re-operation was not negligible."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary",
"Male",
"Mediastinum",
"Middle Aged",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Parathyroidectomy",
"Reoperation",
"Uremia"
]
} | To prevent persistent 2HPT, all parathyroid glands must be found and resected during the initial operation. Even if small parathyroid glands remain, there is a risk of progression. Complete PTx is the first treatment choice for advanced 2HPT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is re-operation frequently required when parathyroid glands remain after initial parathyroidectomy for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism in uraemic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the most successful treatment for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) not responsive to medical treatment. However, persistent HPT remains problematic after PTx if some glands remain. The clinical course in patients with persistent 2HPT was evaluated to clarify the risk for re-operation after PTx.', 'Between March 1981 and December 2001, initial total PTx with forearm autograft were performed in 1156 uraemic patients. Persistent HPT cases were defined as those in which the lowest post-operative intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) concentration was >60 pg/ml, and patients were classified into groups A, B and C, with i-PTH concentrations of >or=500, 300-500 and 60-300 pg/ml, respectively. These patients were followed for 7-234 months after PTx.', 'Persistent HPT was identified in 49/1156 patients (4.2%), with nine cases in group A, 10 in group B and 30 in group C. Re-operation was required in 21/49 (42.8%) cases, and in seven of these the last i-PTH concentration was >or=500 pg/ml. All cases in group A required re-operation. In group C, 11/30 (36.7%) patients required re-operation. The missed glands removed at re-operation were supernumerary in 14 cases, and located in the mediastinum in 13 cases. The frequency of advanced HPT and re-operation was not negligible.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary', 'Male', 'Mediastinum', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroidectomy', 'Reoperation', 'Uremia']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,403 | Is scalp hypothermia to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia effective and safe : a pilot study of a new digitized scalp-cooling system used in 74 patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a new digitized, controlled, scalp-cooling system to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia.",
"Seventy-four female cancer patients who received 13 varying chemotherapy regimens were included in a nonrandomized pilot study. The Digni 2-3 with Dignicap system consists of a refrigerator unit and a control unit integrated into a mobile cabinet and connected to a tight-fitting cooling cap. This system maintains a constant scalp temperature of +5 degrees C for many hours. In this study, 60 patients were treated for ovarian cancer with either taxane or epirubicin combination chemotherapy. Eight patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, three with breast cancer, two with endometrial cancer, and one with sarcoma were also included. Photo documentation and patient assessment of hair loss and discomfort were performed.",
"In anthracycline-treated patients, total prevention of hair loss was observed, whereas hair loss in paclitaxel/docetaxel-treated patients was minimal to none. The combination of anthracycline and taxane resulted in more hair loss, but only three of six patients used a wig. Scalp cooling was generally very well tolerated; only two of 74 patients discontinued use of the cold cap due to discomfort. No scalp metastases occurred over a median follow-up period of 15 months."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alopecia",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Automation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms",
"Scalp"
]
} | The digitized, controlled, scalp-cooling system represents an effective and safe device that should be clinically evaluated in a randomized trial and in studies using other chemotherapy regimens to determine optimal temperatures and durations of cooling for maximal efficacy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is scalp hypothermia to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia effective and safe : a pilot study of a new digitized scalp-cooling system used in 74 patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a new digitized, controlled, scalp-cooling system to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia.', \"Seventy-four female cancer patients who received 13 varying chemotherapy regimens were included in a nonrandomized pilot study. The Digni 2-3 with Dignicap system consists of a refrigerator unit and a control unit integrated into a mobile cabinet and connected to a tight-fitting cooling cap. This system maintains a constant scalp temperature of +5 degrees C for many hours. In this study, 60 patients were treated for ovarian cancer with either taxane or epirubicin combination chemotherapy. Eight patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, three with breast cancer, two with endometrial cancer, and one with sarcoma were also included. Photo documentation and patient assessment of hair loss and discomfort were performed.\", 'In anthracycline-treated patients, total prevention of hair loss was observed, whereas hair loss in paclitaxel/docetaxel-treated patients was minimal to none. The combination of anthracycline and taxane resulted in more hair loss, but only three of six patients used a wig. Scalp cooling was generally very well tolerated; only two of 74 patients discontinued use of the cold cap due to discomfort. No scalp metastases occurred over a median follow-up period of 15 months.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alopecia', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Automation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Scalp']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,874 | Do cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells resemble cardiomyocytes of the embryonic heart tube? | {
"contexts": [
"After formation of the linear heart tube a chamber-specific program of gene expression becomes active that underlies the formation of the chamber myocardium. To assess whether this program is recapitulated in in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.",
"Gene expression profiles were made by in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR and electrophysiological profiles by patch clamp analyses of cardiomyocytes derived from time series of differentiating HM1 mouse embryonic stem cells and from embryonic and adult mouse hearts.",
"In embryoid bodies the in situ patterns of expression of alpha-myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 2a and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a were similar to that of the heart muscle-specific marker gene cardiac troponin I. Myosin light chain 2v was expressed in part of the cardiac troponin I-expressing area, indicating heterogeneity within the cardiac cell population. Atrial natriuretic factor expression, indicative of the chamber-type program, could only very occasionally be detected by in situ hybridisation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that all cardiac genes, most notably atrial natriuretic factor, were expressed at relatively low levels, similar to those in embryonic hearts at embryonic day 8.75-9. Analysis of the electrophysiological characteristics of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed an increase of the upstroke velocity and a shorter duration of the action potential during prolonged differentiation in vitro. When embryonic mouse heart compartments of embryonic day 12.5 were used as a reference, the electrophysiological characteristics of a substantial part of the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were most reminiscent to those observed in the embryonic outflow tract."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Animals",
"Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Calcium-Transporting ATPases",
"Cardiac Myosins",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Separation",
"Dipeptides",
"Embryonic Induction",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gestational Age",
"Heart",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred Strains",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Myosin Light Chains",
"Patch-Clamp Techniques",
"Protein Isoforms",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases",
"Sodium-Calcium Exchanger",
"Stem Cells",
"Troponin I"
]
} | Together, these data suggest that most cardiomyocytes acquired by differentiation of embryonic stem cells maintain a phenotype reminiscent of that of the cardiomyocytes of the primary heart tube, and hardly any myocytes develop a chamber myocardial phenotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells resemble cardiomyocytes of the embryonic heart tube?\nContext: {'contexts': ['After formation of the linear heart tube a chamber-specific program of gene expression becomes active that underlies the formation of the chamber myocardium. To assess whether this program is recapitulated in in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.', 'Gene expression profiles were made by in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR and electrophysiological profiles by patch clamp analyses of cardiomyocytes derived from time series of differentiating HM1 mouse embryonic stem cells and from embryonic and adult mouse hearts.', 'In embryoid bodies the in situ patterns of expression of alpha-myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 2a and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a were similar to that of the heart muscle-specific marker gene cardiac troponin I. Myosin light chain 2v was expressed in part of the cardiac troponin I-expressing area, indicating heterogeneity within the cardiac cell population. Atrial natriuretic factor expression, indicative of the chamber-type program, could only very occasionally be detected by in situ hybridisation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that all cardiac genes, most notably atrial natriuretic factor, were expressed at relatively low levels, similar to those in embryonic hearts at embryonic day 8.75-9. Analysis of the electrophysiological characteristics of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed an increase of the upstroke velocity and a shorter duration of the action potential during prolonged differentiation in vitro. When embryonic mouse heart compartments of embryonic day 12.5 were used as a reference, the electrophysiological characteristics of a substantial part of the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were most reminiscent to those observed in the embryonic outflow tract.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Cardiac Myosins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Separation', 'Dipeptides', 'Embryonic Induction', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Myosin Light Chains', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Sodium-Calcium Exchanger', 'Stem Cells', 'Troponin I']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,151 | Does loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p predict neoplastic progression in Barrett 's esophagus? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic surveillance for adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus is costly, with one cancer detected every 48-441 patient years of follow up. Genetic abnormalities, including loss of heterozygosity at sites of tumor suppressor genes, have been detected in malignant and premalignant Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if loss of heterozygosity analysis could identify patients with Barrett's esophagus at greatest risk of adenocarcinoma, for whom endoscopic surveillance is most appropriate.",
"Loss of heterozygosity analysis was performed on endoscopic biopsies from 48 patients as part of a Barrett's surveillance program using 14 microsatellite markers shown previously to detect loss of heterozygosity in more than 30% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Patients were followed up endoscopically for a median of 5 years.",
"Loss of heterozygosity was detected in nine patients. Three patients with loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 5q or 9p did not progress beyond metaplasia. Loss of heterozygosity at 17p11.1-p13 was detected in six patients, all of whom demonstrated dysplasia and/or carcinoma during follow up (four low-grade dysplasia, one high-grade dysplasia and one adenocarcinoma)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Barrett Esophagus",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17",
"Disease Progression",
"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal",
"Esophageal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Loss of Heterozygosity",
"Male",
"Metaplasia",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Loss of heterozygosity at 17p11.1-p13 on chromosome 17p identifies patients with Barrett's esophagus at risk of neoplastic progression and can supplement histology in determining the frequency of endoscopy during surveillance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p predict neoplastic progression in Barrett 's esophagus?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Endoscopic surveillance for adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus is costly, with one cancer detected every 48-441 patient years of follow up. Genetic abnormalities, including loss of heterozygosity at sites of tumor suppressor genes, have been detected in malignant and premalignant Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if loss of heterozygosity analysis could identify patients with Barrett's esophagus at greatest risk of adenocarcinoma, for whom endoscopic surveillance is most appropriate.\", \"Loss of heterozygosity analysis was performed on endoscopic biopsies from 48 patients as part of a Barrett's surveillance program using 14 microsatellite markers shown previously to detect loss of heterozygosity in more than 30% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Patients were followed up endoscopically for a median of 5 years.\", 'Loss of heterozygosity was detected in nine patients. Three patients with loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 5q or 9p did not progress beyond metaplasia. Loss of heterozygosity at 17p11.1-p13 was detected in six patients, all of whom demonstrated dysplasia and/or carcinoma during follow up (four low-grade dysplasia, one high-grade dysplasia and one adenocarcinoma).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Disease Progression', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Male', 'Metaplasia', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,157 | Is delta ( 13 ) C-urea breath test value a useful indicator for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is not routinely recommended for the symptomatic relief and the prevention of gastric cancer in patients with functional dyspepsia. The present study investigated a useful indicator of H. pylori eradication in such patients by determining the optimal cutoff value of a 13C-urea breath test (UBT).",
"One hundred dyspeptic patients participated in the study. Dyspepsia was scored, and a 13C-UBT administered. A level of delta 13C-UBT of>4 per thousand was diagnosed as H. pylori-positive. After the stomach was endoscopically sprayed with phenol red, biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, body and cardia of the stomach for the assessment of H. pylori density, and activity (neutrophil infiltration) and degree (lymphocyte infiltration) of gastritis.",
"Correlation between delta 13C-UBT and dyspepsia score was not found. Delta 13C-UBT significantly correlated with H. pylori density score in the total stomach (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), neutrophil (r = 0.34, P = 0.0005) and lymphocyte score (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001). Twenty-six of the 100 subjects had a neutrophil score of >or=4, lymphocyte score of >or=4, and H. pylori score of >or=4. Their 95% confidence interval of mean was 58.2 per thousand, which reflects moderate to marked acute and chronic gastritis, and dense H. pylori colonization."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Breath Tests",
"Carbon Radioisotopes",
"Dyspepsia",
"Female",
"Gastritis",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Indicators and Reagents",
"Lymphocytes",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neutrophils",
"Phenolsulfonphthalein",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Urea"
]
} | The 13C-UBT is a reliable semiquantitative test to assess H. pylori density and the activity and degree of gastritis. It is proposed that H. pylori eradication therapy might be beneficial for patients with functional dyspepsia with a delta 13C-UBT of >58.2 per thousand. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is delta ( 13 ) C-urea breath test value a useful indicator for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is not routinely recommended for the symptomatic relief and the prevention of gastric cancer in patients with functional dyspepsia. The present study investigated a useful indicator of H. pylori eradication in such patients by determining the optimal cutoff value of a 13C-urea breath test (UBT).', 'One hundred dyspeptic patients participated in the study. Dyspepsia was scored, and a 13C-UBT administered. A level of delta 13C-UBT of>4 per thousand was diagnosed as H. pylori-positive. After the stomach was endoscopically sprayed with phenol red, biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, body and cardia of the stomach for the assessment of H. pylori density, and activity (neutrophil infiltration) and degree (lymphocyte infiltration) of gastritis.', 'Correlation between delta 13C-UBT and dyspepsia score was not found. Delta 13C-UBT significantly correlated with H. pylori density score in the total stomach (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), neutrophil (r = 0.34, P = 0.0005) and lymphocyte score (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001). Twenty-six of the 100 subjects had a neutrophil score of >or=4, lymphocyte score of >or=4, and H. pylori score of >or=4. Their 95% confidence interval of mean was 58.2 per thousand, which reflects moderate to marked acute and chronic gastritis, and dense H. pylori colonization.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Breath Tests', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Dyspepsia', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Phenolsulfonphthalein', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Urea']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,370 | Does cytokeratin 7 staining of hepatocytes predict progression to more severe fibrosis in alcohol-fed baboons? | {
"contexts": [
"Not all alcoholic patients develop severe liver disease with fibrosis progressing to cirrhosis. It is of practical importance to determine whether some markers can predict progression of liver fibrosis.",
"We used a baboon model that mimics human alcoholic liver disease. Cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression and fat deposition were investigated in serial liver biopsies of 18 animals undergoing prolonged alcohol administration (range 2-17 years) and in four controls. Fibrosis was graded histologically and was also assessed quantitatively by image analysis.",
"Ten animals did not show a progression of liver disease even after 17 years of alcohol administration, but eight animals fed alcohol exhibited a progression of liver disease from no fibrosis or perivenular fibrosis to septal fibrosis or cirrhosis within 7 years. In normal liver, cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19 immunostaining is restricted to bile duct cells. Hepatocellular cytokeratin 7 was observed only in those animals which progressed to more severe stages of fibrosis and it anticipated this progression by 4.2 years on average."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bile Ducts",
"Disease Progression",
"Hepatocytes",
"Keratin-7",
"Keratins",
"Liver",
"Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic",
"Papio",
"Prognosis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Staining and Labeling",
"Time Factors",
"Tissue Distribution"
]
} | In alcohol-fed baboons, cytokeratin 7 staining of hepatocytes (but not cytokeratin 19, nor fat deposition) predicts with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity progression to more severe liver disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cytokeratin 7 staining of hepatocytes predict progression to more severe fibrosis in alcohol-fed baboons?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Not all alcoholic patients develop severe liver disease with fibrosis progressing to cirrhosis. It is of practical importance to determine whether some markers can predict progression of liver fibrosis.', 'We used a baboon model that mimics human alcoholic liver disease. Cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression and fat deposition were investigated in serial liver biopsies of 18 animals undergoing prolonged alcohol administration (range 2-17 years) and in four controls. Fibrosis was graded histologically and was also assessed quantitatively by image analysis.', 'Ten animals did not show a progression of liver disease even after 17 years of alcohol administration, but eight animals fed alcohol exhibited a progression of liver disease from no fibrosis or perivenular fibrosis to septal fibrosis or cirrhosis within 7 years. In normal liver, cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19 immunostaining is restricted to bile duct cells. Hepatocellular cytokeratin 7 was observed only in those animals which progressed to more severe stages of fibrosis and it anticipated this progression by 4.2 years on average.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bile Ducts', 'Disease Progression', 'Hepatocytes', 'Keratin-7', 'Keratins', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Papio', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Distribution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,374 | Does constitutive over-expression of the insulin receptor substrate-1 cause functional up-regulation of Fas receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin- and insulin growth factor-1 stimulated signaling through the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) promotes hepatocellular proliferation and survival. IRS-1 over-expression in transgenic (Tg) mouse livers caused constitutive activation of Erk mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) resulting in significantly increased levels of DNA synthesis and larger hepatic masses relative to non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. However, the livers eventually ceased to grow but remained approximately 25% larger than non-Tg livers. We hypothesized that this growth homeostasis was achieved by parallel activation of pro-apoptosis pathways.",
"Since Fas-mediated apoptosis is a common mechanism of hepatocyte destruction, we investigated the potential role of Fas receptor as a regulator of hepatic mass in IRS-1 transgenic mice.",
"Significantly increased Fas-receptor levels were detected in the livers of IRS-1 Tg compared to non-Tg mice by Western blot analysis. Functional activation of Fas-receptor in IRS-1 Tg livers was demonstrated by increased hepatocellular apoptosis caused by intravenous injection of anti-Fas (Jo-2)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Phosphoproteins",
"Up-Regulation",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | These findings suggest that the increased growth caused by IRS-1 over-expression is balanced by constitutive activation of pro-death mechanisms. Failure of the IRS-1 Tg mice to develop liver cancer may be due to preservation of pro-growth, pro-death homeostasis mechanisms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does constitutive over-expression of the insulin receptor substrate-1 cause functional up-regulation of Fas receptor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Insulin- and insulin growth factor-1 stimulated signaling through the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) promotes hepatocellular proliferation and survival. IRS-1 over-expression in transgenic (Tg) mouse livers caused constitutive activation of Erk mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) resulting in significantly increased levels of DNA synthesis and larger hepatic masses relative to non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. However, the livers eventually ceased to grow but remained approximately 25% larger than non-Tg livers. We hypothesized that this growth homeostasis was achieved by parallel activation of pro-apoptosis pathways.', 'Since Fas-mediated apoptosis is a common mechanism of hepatocyte destruction, we investigated the potential role of Fas receptor as a regulator of hepatic mass in IRS-1 transgenic mice.', 'Significantly increased Fas-receptor levels were detected in the livers of IRS-1 Tg compared to non-Tg mice by Western blot analysis. Functional activation of Fas-receptor in IRS-1 Tg livers was demonstrated by increased hepatocellular apoptosis caused by intravenous injection of anti-Fas (Jo-2).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Up-Regulation', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,781,876 | Is long tube decompression successful in 90 % of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"For patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO), who do not have strangulation obstruction or other contraindications, long tube decompression has been successful in 75% in two studies. In a 1995 prospective randomized study, comparing nasogastric suction (short tube) with long tube decompression, the short tube was successful in 51% and the long tube was successful in 75%. Using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a long tube can be advanced into the jejunum in 20 minutes, so the delay in function has been eliminated.",
"There were 35 patients with 37 episodes of SBO. From 1983 to 1988, three tubes then available were advanced endoscopically into the jejunum in 17 patients. From 1989 to 2002, an improved tube designed for endoscopic placement was used in 20 patients.",
"From 1983 to 1988 using three tubes, long tube decompression was successful in 12 of 17 (70%); from 1989 to 2002 with the improved tube, decompression was successful in 18 of 20 (90%)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Clinical Trials as Topic",
"Decompression, Surgical",
"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intestinal Obstruction",
"Intestine, Small",
"Intubation, Gastrointestinal",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Tissue Adhesions",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | For patients with SBO due to adhesions, a trial with long tube decompression for 48 to 72 hours is recommended. For those who fail a trial with the long tube, laparotomy with enterolysis or bowel resection is indicated. If the operative findings indicate a high risk for recurrent obstruction, then long tube splinting of the small bowel should be considered. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is long tube decompression successful in 90 % of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['For patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO), who do not have strangulation obstruction or other contraindications, long tube decompression has been successful in 75% in two studies. In a 1995 prospective randomized study, comparing nasogastric suction (short tube) with long tube decompression, the short tube was successful in 51% and the long tube was successful in 75%. Using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a long tube can be advanced into the jejunum in 20 minutes, so the delay in function has been eliminated.', 'There were 35 patients with 37 episodes of SBO. From 1983 to 1988, three tubes then available were advanced endoscopically into the jejunum in 17 patients. From 1989 to 2002, an improved tube designed for endoscopic placement was used in 20 patients.', 'From 1983 to 1988 using three tubes, long tube decompression was successful in 12 of 17 (70%); from 1989 to 2002 with the improved tube, decompression was successful in 18 of 20 (90%).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestine, Small', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,299 | Does the AGE inhibitor pyridoxamine inhibit lipemia and development of renal and vascular disease in Zucker obese rats? | {
"contexts": [
"In previous studies, pyridoxamine (PM) limited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and development of nephropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats without affecting glycemic control. However, the lipid-lowering effects of PM and the correlation of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides with AGEs in skin collagen suggested that lipids might be an important source of AGEs in the diabetic rat. This study addresses the effects of hyperlipidemia on formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALEs) and the effects of PM on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, AGE/ALE formation, and development of nephropathy in the nondiabetic, Zucker obese rat.",
"Three groups of Zucker rats were studied: lean (Fa/fa), untreated fatty (fa/fa), and fa/fa treated with PM (2 g/L drinking water). Blood pressure, plasma lipids and creatinine, and urinary albumin were measured monthly. AGE/ALEs were measured in skin collagen by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes in wall thickness of the aorta and renal arterioles were evaluated by light microscopy.",
"AGE/ALEs formation was increased two- to threefold in skin collagen of obese versus lean rats. PM inhibited the increases in AGE/ALEs in collagen, and significantly decreased the rise in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and creatinine, corrected hypertension and thickening of the vascular wall, and nearly normalized urinary protein and albumin excretion in Zucker fa/fa rats."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Arginine",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Collagen",
"Female",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Hyperlipidemias",
"Hypertension",
"Kidney",
"Kidney Diseases",
"Lysine",
"Pyridoxamine",
"Rats",
"Rats, Zucker",
"Skin",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | Lipids are an important source of chemical modification of tissue proteins, even in the absence of hyperglycemia. PM inhibited AGE/ALE formation and hyperlipidemia and protected against renal and vascular pathology in a nondiabetic model. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the AGE inhibitor pyridoxamine inhibit lipemia and development of renal and vascular disease in Zucker obese rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In previous studies, pyridoxamine (PM) limited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and development of nephropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats without affecting glycemic control. However, the lipid-lowering effects of PM and the correlation of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides with AGEs in skin collagen suggested that lipids might be an important source of AGEs in the diabetic rat. This study addresses the effects of hyperlipidemia on formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALEs) and the effects of PM on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, AGE/ALE formation, and development of nephropathy in the nondiabetic, Zucker obese rat.', 'Three groups of Zucker rats were studied: lean (Fa/fa), untreated fatty (fa/fa), and fa/fa treated with PM (2 g/L drinking water). Blood pressure, plasma lipids and creatinine, and urinary albumin were measured monthly. AGE/ALEs were measured in skin collagen by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes in wall thickness of the aorta and renal arterioles were evaluated by light microscopy.', 'AGE/ALEs formation was increased two- to threefold in skin collagen of obese versus lean rats. PM inhibited the increases in AGE/ALEs in collagen, and significantly decreased the rise in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and creatinine, corrected hypertension and thickening of the vascular wall, and nearly normalized urinary protein and albumin excretion in Zucker fa/fa rats.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arginine', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Lysine', 'Pyridoxamine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker', 'Skin', 'Weight Gain']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,635 | Do [ Study on pharmacology of ultra-fine particles compound Rehmannia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe pharmacological difference between ultra-fine particles of six ingredient Rehmannia pill and traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill.",
"Pharmacokinetic index was measured by death rate, and pharmacology actions were compared by anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, clearance rate of charcoal particle, hypoxia resistance and serum hemolysin concentration experiment.",
"Dose-effection was significant and pharmacology actions were more than traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill in six ingredient Rehmannia pill."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biological Availability",
"Drugs, Chinese Herbal",
"Fatigue",
"Hemolysin Proteins",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Male",
"Metabolic Clearance Rate",
"Mice",
"Plants, Medicinal",
"Powders",
"Rehmannia"
]
} | Ultra-fine particles of six ingredient Rehmannia pill are better than traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill in bioavailability and pharmacology actions, and the weight of pill is reduced while efficacy is enhenced by ultra-fine particles. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Study on pharmacology of ultra-fine particles compound Rehmannia ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To observe pharmacological difference between ultra-fine particles of six ingredient Rehmannia pill and traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill.', 'Pharmacokinetic index was measured by death rate, and pharmacology actions were compared by anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, clearance rate of charcoal particle, hypoxia resistance and serum hemolysin concentration experiment.', 'Dose-effection was significant and pharmacology actions were more than traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill in six ingredient Rehmannia pill.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Fatigue', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Mice', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Powders', 'Rehmannia']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,090 | Does intravitreal dexamethasone effectively reduce postoperative inflammation after vitreoretinal surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Corticosteroids remain the mainstay for control of ocular inflammation after vitreous surgery. A controlled, randomized, prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone phosphate on postoperative inflammation after simple vitreous surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker.",
"Aqueous cell flare intensity was measured preoperatively and on days 1, 10, and 90 in 56 consecutive patients who underwent vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker. Subjects were consecutively randomized to two groups: 400 microg of intravitreal dexamethasone (treatment group) or no dexamethasone (control group)",
"Before surgery, cell and flare intensity was similar in both groups. Flare intensity was significandy lower at 10, 30, and 90 days in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment group (P < .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aqueous Humor",
"Blood-Aqueous Barrier",
"Dexamethasone",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Drug Evaluation",
"Female",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Humans",
"Injections",
"Macular Degeneration",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Prospective Studies",
"Uveitis, Anterior",
"Vitrectomy",
"Vitreous Body"
]
} | Intravitreal dexamethasone significantly alleviates postoperative inflammation after vitreous surgery and is a useful adjunct. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intravitreal dexamethasone effectively reduce postoperative inflammation after vitreoretinal surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Corticosteroids remain the mainstay for control of ocular inflammation after vitreous surgery. A controlled, randomized, prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone phosphate on postoperative inflammation after simple vitreous surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker.', 'Aqueous cell flare intensity was measured preoperatively and on days 1, 10, and 90 in 56 consecutive patients who underwent vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker. Subjects were consecutively randomized to two groups: 400 microg of intravitreal dexamethasone (treatment group) or no dexamethasone (control group)', 'Before surgery, cell and flare intensity was similar in both groups. Flare intensity was significandy lower at 10, 30, and 90 days in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment group (P < .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Blood-Aqueous Barrier', 'Dexamethasone', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Uveitis, Anterior', 'Vitrectomy', 'Vitreous Body']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,602 | Do mast cells play a partial role in allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of allergic asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling has not been fully investigated in vivo.",
"To clarify the possible role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling, we compared their responses of genetically mast cell-deficient mice, WBB6F1-W/Wv (c-kit mutant) and Sl/Sld (c-kit ligand mutant) mice with those of congenic normal mice in a murine model of allergic asthma.",
"Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) with alum, and exposed daily for 3 weeks to aerosolized OA. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (Ach) was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and biochemical and histological examinations were performed.",
"In both sensitized mast cell-deficient mice, the degree of bronchial hyper-responsiveness to Ach, the number of inflammatory cells and the level of transforming growth factor-beta1 in BAL fluid, IgE response and goblet cell hyperplasia in the epithelium after repeated allergen provocation were not significantly different from those of congenic mice. In contrast, subepithelial fibrosis, evaluated in the fibrotic area around the airways, observed in congenic mice after repeated allergen challenge was partially attenuated in both mast cell-deficient mice. In addition, the amount of hydroxyproline in the lung of mast cell-deficient mice was significantly lower than that of congenic mice. Furthermore, the decreased fibrotic area and amount of hydroxyproline in W/Wv mice was completely recovered by reconstitution of tissue mast cells with bone marrow-derived mast cells of congenic mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Allergens",
"Animals",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Collagen",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Goblet Cells",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Lung",
"Mast Cells",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred Strains",
"Pulmonary Fibrosis"
]
} | These findings suggest that mast cells play a partial role in the development of allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis, although airway inflammation, epithelial remodelling and BHR caused by repeated allergen challenge are independent of mast cells, at least in this model. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do mast cells play a partial role in allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of allergic asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling has not been fully investigated in vivo.', 'To clarify the possible role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling, we compared their responses of genetically mast cell-deficient mice, WBB6F1-W/Wv (c-kit mutant) and Sl/Sld (c-kit ligand mutant) mice with those of congenic normal mice in a murine model of allergic asthma.', 'Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) with alum, and exposed daily for 3 weeks to aerosolized OA. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (Ach) was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and biochemical and histological examinations were performed.', 'In both sensitized mast cell-deficient mice, the degree of bronchial hyper-responsiveness to Ach, the number of inflammatory cells and the level of transforming growth factor-beta1 in BAL fluid, IgE response and goblet cell hyperplasia in the epithelium after repeated allergen provocation were not significantly different from those of congenic mice. In contrast, subepithelial fibrosis, evaluated in the fibrotic area around the airways, observed in congenic mice after repeated allergen challenge was partially attenuated in both mast cell-deficient mice. In addition, the amount of hydroxyproline in the lung of mast cell-deficient mice was significantly lower than that of congenic mice. Furthermore, the decreased fibrotic area and amount of hydroxyproline in W/Wv mice was completely recovered by reconstitution of tissue mast cells with bone marrow-derived mast cells of congenic mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Collagen', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Goblet Cells', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lung', 'Mast Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,979 | Is biliary bile acid concentration a simple and reliable indicator for liver function after hepatobiliary resection for biliary cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The functional recovery of the remnant liver after an extended hepatectomy is critical for the outcome of the patient. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether biliary bile acids could be an indicator for postoperative liver function.",
"Externally drained bile samples were obtained from 51 patients with biliary or periampullary carcinomas before and after surgery. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: group A, 29 hepatectomized patients without liver failure; group B, 7 hepatectomized patients with liver failure (maximum serum bilirubin level, >10 mg/dL); and group C, 15 patients who underwent biliopancreatic resection without hepatectomy, with a good postoperative course. Bile samples were withdrawn 1 day before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Total bile acids were measured with a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase method.",
"Before surgery, the concentration of bile acids was higher in groups A and C than in group B, and correlated significantly with the indocyamine green disappearance rate (KICG) values (R(2) = 0.557; P <.0001). After surgery, bile acid concentrations decreased in all 3 groups until postoperative day 2, which was followed by a gradual increase. The concentration recovered to the preoperative level in groups A and C but remained low in group B. Biliary bile acid concentrations on day 2 correlated significantly with remnant liver KICG values (R(2) = 0.257; P =.0019). Among several parameters studied, including KICG, remnant liver KICG, biliary bile acids, and biliary bilirubin, biliary bile acid concentration had the most predictive power for occurrence of postoperative liver failure."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Bile",
"Bile Acids and Salts",
"Bile Ducts",
"Biliary Tract Neoplasms",
"Bilirubin",
"Coloring Agents",
"Female",
"Hepatectomy",
"Humans",
"Indocyanine Green",
"Liver",
"Liver Failure",
"Liver Function Tests",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Osmolar Concentration",
"Postoperative Period",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Biliary bile acid concentration could be a simple, real-time, reliable indicator of preoperative and postoperative liver function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is biliary bile acid concentration a simple and reliable indicator for liver function after hepatobiliary resection for biliary cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The functional recovery of the remnant liver after an extended hepatectomy is critical for the outcome of the patient. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether biliary bile acids could be an indicator for postoperative liver function.', 'Externally drained bile samples were obtained from 51 patients with biliary or periampullary carcinomas before and after surgery. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: group A, 29 hepatectomized patients without liver failure; group B, 7 hepatectomized patients with liver failure (maximum serum bilirubin level, >10 mg/dL); and group C, 15 patients who underwent biliopancreatic resection without hepatectomy, with a good postoperative course. Bile samples were withdrawn 1 day before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Total bile acids were measured with a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase method.', 'Before surgery, the concentration of bile acids was higher in groups A and C than in group B, and correlated significantly with the indocyamine green disappearance rate (KICG) values (R(2) = 0.557; P <.0001). After surgery, bile acid concentrations decreased in all 3 groups until postoperative day 2, which was followed by a gradual increase. The concentration recovered to the preoperative level in groups A and C but remained low in group B. Biliary bile acid concentrations on day 2 correlated significantly with remnant liver KICG values (R(2) = 0.257; P =.0019). Among several parameters studied, including KICG, remnant liver KICG, biliary bile acids, and biliary bilirubin, biliary bile acid concentration had the most predictive power for occurrence of postoperative liver failure.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Bile', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Bile Ducts', 'Biliary Tract Neoplasms', 'Bilirubin', 'Coloring Agents', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Indocyanine Green', 'Liver', 'Liver Failure', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Postoperative Period', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,762 | Is periodontal disease associated with brachial artery endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether periodontal disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that severe periodontal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but the mechanisms remain unknown.",
"We assessed flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the brachial artery using vascular ultrasound in 26 subjects with advanced periodontal disease and 29 control subjects. The groups were matched for age and sex, and patients with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of cigarette smoking were excluded. We also examined serum levels of C-reactive protein using an established high-sensitivity method. Subjects with advanced periodontal disease had lower flow-mediated dilation compared with control patients (7.8+/-4.6% versus 11.7+/-5.3%, P=0.005). Nitroglycerin-mediated dilation was equivalent in the two groups. Subjects with advanced periodontitis exhibited higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with healthy controls patients (2.3+/-2.3 versus 1.0+/-1.0 mg/L, P=0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Biomarkers",
"Brachial Artery",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Nitroglycerin",
"Periodontal Diseases",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Vascular Diseases",
"Vasodilation",
"Vasodilator Agents"
]
} | Subjects with advanced periodontal disease exhibit endothelial dysfunction and evidence of systemic inflammation, possibly placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is periodontal disease associated with brachial artery endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to determine whether periodontal disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that severe periodontal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but the mechanisms remain unknown.', 'We assessed flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the brachial artery using vascular ultrasound in 26 subjects with advanced periodontal disease and 29 control subjects. The groups were matched for age and sex, and patients with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of cigarette smoking were excluded. We also examined serum levels of C-reactive protein using an established high-sensitivity method. Subjects with advanced periodontal disease had lower flow-mediated dilation compared with control patients (7.8+/-4.6% versus 11.7+/-5.3%, P=0.005). Nitroglycerin-mediated dilation was equivalent in the two groups. Subjects with advanced periodontitis exhibited higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with healthy controls patients (2.3+/-2.3 versus 1.0+/-1.0 mg/L, P=0.03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomarkers', 'Brachial Artery', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Periodontal Diseases', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,763 | Does angiotensin II inhibit endothelial cell motility through an AT1-dependent oxidant-sensitive decrement of nitric oxide availability? | {
"contexts": [
"The migratory capability of vascular endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity and is stimulated by nitric oxide (NO). Angiotensin II increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells, thereby promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Because ROS can both reduce NO synthase activity and increase NO breakdown, thus impairing NO availability in endothelial cells, we evaluated the effect of angiotensin II on human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) motility.",
"Angiotensin II dose- and time-dependently reduced HUVEC migration. Besides inhibiting HUVEC motility, angiotensin II altered intracellular glutathione redox status. The generation of ROS by cultured HUVECs was significantly increased by angiotensin II. Furthermore, angiotensin II reduced NO metabolite concentrations in culture media. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil attenuated the inhibitory action exerted by angiotensin II on HUVEC motility, reversed the angiotensin II-induced increase in intracellular oxidative stress, and restored NO availability. Similar effects were exerted by the flavonoid inhibitor diphenylene iodinium and the antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin II",
"Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers",
"Benzimidazoles",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Movement",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Glutathione",
"Humans",
"NADPH Oxidases",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Oxidants",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Tetrazoles",
"Time Factors"
]
} | All together, our data demonstrate that angiotensin II inhibits HUVEC motility by reducing NO availability. Such reduction is due to an angiotensin II type 1 receptor-dependent increment in intracellular ROS generation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does angiotensin II inhibit endothelial cell motility through an AT1-dependent oxidant-sensitive decrement of nitric oxide availability?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The migratory capability of vascular endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity and is stimulated by nitric oxide (NO). Angiotensin II increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells, thereby promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Because ROS can both reduce NO synthase activity and increase NO breakdown, thus impairing NO availability in endothelial cells, we evaluated the effect of angiotensin II on human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) motility.', 'Angiotensin II dose- and time-dependently reduced HUVEC migration. Besides inhibiting HUVEC motility, angiotensin II altered intracellular glutathione redox status. The generation of ROS by cultured HUVECs was significantly increased by angiotensin II. Furthermore, angiotensin II reduced NO metabolite concentrations in culture media. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil attenuated the inhibitory action exerted by angiotensin II on HUVEC motility, reversed the angiotensin II-induced increase in intracellular oxidative stress, and restored NO availability. Similar effects were exerted by the flavonoid inhibitor diphenylene iodinium and the antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Tetrazoles', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,779,257 | Does survey of the use of suction drain in head and neck surgery and analysis of their biomechanical properties? | {
"contexts": [
"Closed suction drains have an important role in surgical wound healing. Although most surgeons use them routinely, indications for use and their postoperative management (emptying, removal) vary. The purpose of this study was to assess drain use by head and neck surgeons in Canada, to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the drains in a laboratory setting, and to make recommendations for drain use and management.",
"A survey was mailed to 343 active members of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology. Three sets of experimental trials were conducted on the most commonly used drains to assess the effect of increased reservoir filling on suction generated through (1) incrementally increasing the amount of fluid within the reservoir, (2) compression of the reservoir with no fluid within, and (3) compression with the reservoirs while filled to 25% capacity with fluid.",
"A 41% response rate was obtained. It was found that the majority of head and neck surgeons in Canada use Hemovac and Jackson-Pratt drainage systems routinely. There is considerable variability in practice with regard to drain emptying and timing of removal. Experimental results indicate that as filling of the reservoir increases, suction generated decreases sharply, to between 13 and 20% of initial values at 50% capacity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Canada",
"Head",
"Health Care Surveys",
"Humans",
"Intraoperative Care",
"Neck",
"Otolaryngology",
"Postoperative Care",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Suction",
"Surgical Wound Infection",
"Time Factors",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | Postoperative drain management has important implications in surgical wound healing. Drain reservoirs should be monitored frequently to ensure adequate compression, particularly in the first 24 hours after insertion. Anticipated volume of drainage should dictate in part which reservoir is chosen. A larger reservoir is preferable in most cases. Drains should be removed promptly to decrease the risk of wound contamination. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does survey of the use of suction drain in head and neck surgery and analysis of their biomechanical properties?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Closed suction drains have an important role in surgical wound healing. Although most surgeons use them routinely, indications for use and their postoperative management (emptying, removal) vary. The purpose of this study was to assess drain use by head and neck surgeons in Canada, to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the drains in a laboratory setting, and to make recommendations for drain use and management.', 'A survey was mailed to 343 active members of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology. Three sets of experimental trials were conducted on the most commonly used drains to assess the effect of increased reservoir filling on suction generated through (1) incrementally increasing the amount of fluid within the reservoir, (2) compression of the reservoir with no fluid within, and (3) compression with the reservoirs while filled to 25% capacity with fluid.', 'A 41% response rate was obtained. It was found that the majority of head and neck surgeons in Canada use Hemovac and Jackson-Pratt drainage systems routinely. There is considerable variability in practice with regard to drain emptying and timing of removal. Experimental results indicate that as filling of the reservoir increases, suction generated decreases sharply, to between 13 and 20% of initial values at 50% capacity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Canada', 'Head', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Neck', 'Otolaryngology', 'Postoperative Care', \"Practice Patterns, Physicians'\", 'Suction', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,754,348 | Is cerebrovascular pressure reactivity related to global cerebral oxygen metabolism after head injury? | {
"contexts": [
"After head injury, impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation has been associated with abnormally high or low cerebral blood flow. The physiological relevance of cerebral blood flow levels is difficult to assess in these patients, whose cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) is known to be abnormal. Investigation of these relations requires quantitative measures of cerebral blood flow and CMRO(2), to allow assessment of oxygen supply and demand relations.",
"To investigate the relation between dysautoregulation and global cerebral oxygen metabolism following head injury.",
"Using positron emission tomography, global cerebral blood flow, CMRO(2), and oxygen extraction fraction were determined in 22 patients who were investigated in 26 examinations on days 1 to 11 (mean (SD), 3.5 (2.3)) after head injury. Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity was assessed using a pressure reactivity index, calculated as the moving linear correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. Outcome was assessed six months after injury using the Glasgow outcome scale.",
"Low CMRO(2) was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity (inverse function, R(2) = 0.21, p = 0.018) and there was a correlation between disturbed pressure reactivity and oxygen extraction fraction (quadratic function, R(2) = 0.55, p = 0.0001). There was no significant relation between pressure reactivity and cerebral blood flow. An unfavourable outcome was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity. There was no significant relation between outcome and CMRO(2) or oxygen extraction fraction."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Brain",
"Brain Injuries",
"Female",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"Homeostasis",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Pressure",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxygen",
"Tomography, Emission-Computed"
]
} | There is a close relation between dysautoregulation and abnormal cerebral metabolism but not blood flow. Further studies are needed to determine whether metabolic dysfunction is a result of or a cause of disturbed pressure reactivity, and to establish if there is a relation between cerebral oxygen metabolism and outcome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cerebrovascular pressure reactivity related to global cerebral oxygen metabolism after head injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['After head injury, impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation has been associated with abnormally high or low cerebral blood flow. The physiological relevance of cerebral blood flow levels is difficult to assess in these patients, whose cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) is known to be abnormal. Investigation of these relations requires quantitative measures of cerebral blood flow and CMRO(2), to allow assessment of oxygen supply and demand relations.', 'To investigate the relation between dysautoregulation and global cerebral oxygen metabolism following head injury.', 'Using positron emission tomography, global cerebral blood flow, CMRO(2), and oxygen extraction fraction were determined in 22 patients who were investigated in 26 examinations on days 1 to 11 (mean (SD), 3.5 (2.3)) after head injury. Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity was assessed using a pressure reactivity index, calculated as the moving linear correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. Outcome was assessed six months after injury using the Glasgow outcome scale.', 'Low CMRO(2) was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity (inverse function, R(2) = 0.21, p = 0.018) and there was a correlation between disturbed pressure reactivity and oxygen extraction fraction (quadratic function, R(2) = 0.55, p = 0.0001). There was no significant relation between pressure reactivity and cerebral blood flow. An unfavourable outcome was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity. There was no significant relation between outcome and CMRO(2) or oxygen extraction fraction.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Injuries', 'Female', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,752,330 | Are frequency and intensity of responses to mite patch tests lower in nonatopic subjects with respect to patients with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"So far the issue of patch tests with mite allergens in subjects not affected by atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and intensity of responses to atopy patch tests with Dermatophagoides in non-AD subjects, and to compare them to the ones observed in AD patients.",
"Patch tests were performed, employing a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae at two different concentrations (20 and 40% pet.), on 75 non-AD subjects, including 33 patients with allergic rhinitis and 42 healthy volunteers, and on 210 AD patients, as controls.",
"Positive responses to 20% mite patch tests were observed in 17 non-AD subjects (23%) and in 102 AD ones (49%). The former showed a lower intensity of the responses, with a mean score of 1.4 compared with 2.1 in atopics."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Allergens",
"Animals",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity, Immediate",
"Middle Aged",
"Mites",
"Patch Tests",
"Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial"
]
} | Although positive responses to mite patch tests are also observable in subjects without AD, their frequency and intensity are significantly lower compared with AD patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are frequency and intensity of responses to mite patch tests lower in nonatopic subjects with respect to patients with atopic dermatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['So far the issue of patch tests with mite allergens in subjects not affected by atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and intensity of responses to atopy patch tests with Dermatophagoides in non-AD subjects, and to compare them to the ones observed in AD patients.', 'Patch tests were performed, employing a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae at two different concentrations (20 and 40% pet.), on 75 non-AD subjects, including 33 patients with allergic rhinitis and 42 healthy volunteers, and on 210 AD patients, as controls.', 'Positive responses to 20% mite patch tests were observed in 17 non-AD subjects (23%) and in 102 AD ones (49%). The former showed a lower intensity of the responses, with a mean score of 1.4 compared with 2.1 in atopics.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Allergens', 'Animals', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Middle Aged', 'Mites', 'Patch Tests', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,133 | Does the R271W mutant form of Pit-1 act as a dominant inhibitor of Pit-1 action to activate the promoters of GH and prolactin genes? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic abnormalities of the pituitary specific transcription factor, Pit-1, have been reported in several patients with GH, prolactin (PRL) and TSH deficiencies. The most common is a mutation altering an arginine to a tryptophan in codon 271 (R271W) in one allele of the Pit-1 gene. According to the previous in vitro expression study, R271W acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of the wild type to activate the GH promoter. However, healthy carriers with this mutation, who should be affected by the dominant negative effect of R271W, have also been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify in more detail the function of this mutant form of Pit-1.",
"Transcriptional activity of R271W for the expression of Pit-1-associated genes was investigated in COS7 cells with the aid of transient transfection assays. The 1.8 kb rat GH, 0.6 kb rat PRL or 1.9 kb rat PRL 5'-flanking regions were inserted upstream of the luciferase reporter gene and were used for functional analysis of R271W. Another reporter gene containing seven Pit-1 responsive elements was also used. The same experiments were also performed using JEG3 and CHO cells.",
"We could not confirm the dominant negative effect of R271W on wild type Pit-1. Furthermore, our expression study revealed that R271W could activate the promoters of GH and PRL genes to levels similar to the wild type."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CHO Cells",
"COS Cells",
"Calcium Phosphates",
"Cell Nucleus",
"Cricetinae",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Genes, Reporter",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Luciferases",
"Mutagenesis",
"Pituitary Diseases",
"Point Mutation",
"Prolactin",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Transcription Factor Pit-1",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transfection"
]
} | Taken together with the evidence that phenotypically normal cases have been reported with this mutation, our results deny the relationship between R271W and combined pituitary hormone deficiency. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the R271W mutant form of Pit-1 act as a dominant inhibitor of Pit-1 action to activate the promoters of GH and prolactin genes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genetic abnormalities of the pituitary specific transcription factor, Pit-1, have been reported in several patients with GH, prolactin (PRL) and TSH deficiencies. The most common is a mutation altering an arginine to a tryptophan in codon 271 (R271W) in one allele of the Pit-1 gene. According to the previous in vitro expression study, R271W acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of the wild type to activate the GH promoter. However, healthy carriers with this mutation, who should be affected by the dominant negative effect of R271W, have also been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify in more detail the function of this mutant form of Pit-1.', \"Transcriptional activity of R271W for the expression of Pit-1-associated genes was investigated in COS7 cells with the aid of transient transfection assays. The 1.8 kb rat GH, 0.6 kb rat PRL or 1.9 kb rat PRL 5'-flanking regions were inserted upstream of the luciferase reporter gene and were used for functional analysis of R271W. Another reporter gene containing seven Pit-1 responsive elements was also used. The same experiments were also performed using JEG3 and CHO cells.\", 'We could not confirm the dominant negative effect of R271W on wild type Pit-1. Furthermore, our expression study revealed that R271W could activate the promoters of GH and PRL genes to levels similar to the wild type.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'COS Cells', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Mutagenesis', 'Pituitary Diseases', 'Point Mutation', 'Prolactin', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Transcription Factor Pit-1', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,773,131 | Is calcium-sensing receptor gene polymorphism associated with bone mineral density in Italian postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a candidate gene for osteoporosis susceptibility. Several CaR polymorphisms have been identified and an association between the A986S genotype and serum calcium levels has been found in Canadian postmenopausal women. We investigated whether the presence of 986S allele was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures.",
"The study group consisted of 164 Italian postmenopausal women without fragility fracture (Fx(-)) and 55 women with fracture (Fx(+)).",
"A fragment of exon 7 of CaR gene containing three polymorphisms (A986S, R990G and Q1011E) was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Anthropometric characteristics and BMD were evaluated.",
"The A986S polymorphism was the most commonly observed (27.9%), whereas the other two CaR polymorphisms, R990G and Q1011E, occurred in a minority of cases (8.8 and 5.5% respectively). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of any CaR allele between Fx(-) and Fx(+) patients. Body mass index was found to predict BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The A986S polymorphism and Years since menopause were not independent predictors of BMD at any site. As far as fracture occurrence, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of fractures between women carrying or not carrying the 986S allele."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Bone Density",
"Female",
"Fractures, Spontaneous",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Italy",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Postmenopause",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Receptors, Calcium-Sensing",
"Receptors, Cell Surface"
]
} | Our data do not support a role of A986S CaR polymorphism in BMD and in the prevalence of fragility fractures in Italian postmenopausal women. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is calcium-sensing receptor gene polymorphism associated with bone mineral density in Italian postmenopausal women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a candidate gene for osteoporosis susceptibility. Several CaR polymorphisms have been identified and an association between the A986S genotype and serum calcium levels has been found in Canadian postmenopausal women. We investigated whether the presence of 986S allele was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures.', 'The study group consisted of 164 Italian postmenopausal women without fragility fracture (Fx(-)) and 55 women with fracture (Fx(+)).', 'A fragment of exon 7 of CaR gene containing three polymorphisms (A986S, R990G and Q1011E) was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Anthropometric characteristics and BMD were evaluated.', 'The A986S polymorphism was the most commonly observed (27.9%), whereas the other two CaR polymorphisms, R990G and Q1011E, occurred in a minority of cases (8.8 and 5.5% respectively). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of any CaR allele between Fx(-) and Fx(+) patients. Body mass index was found to predict BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The A986S polymorphism and Years since menopause were not independent predictors of BMD at any site. As far as fracture occurrence, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of fractures between women carrying or not carrying the 986S allele.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Bone Density', 'Female', 'Fractures, Spontaneous', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Postmenopause', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing', 'Receptors, Cell Surface']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,756,357 | Does r136K fibroblast growth factor-1 mutant induce heparin-independent migration of endothelial cells through fibrin glue? | {
"contexts": [
"R136K is a mutation of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) in which arginine replaces lysine at the primary thrombin cleavage site. This may be important in vivo in inducing endothelial cell (EC) migration and coverage of arterial injury sites by allowing R136K to be used in a fibrin glue delivery system, without thrombin-induced degradation, in the absence of heparin. The objectives of this study were to determine whether R136K, with and without heparin, can induce migration of EC and smooth muscle cells (SMC) through fibrin glue, and to compare these results with those of wild-type FGF-1; and to determine the resistance of R136K to thrombin-induced degradation versus FGF-1.",
"The dose-response migration through fibrin glue induced by wild-type FGF-1 and the R136K mutant in the presence and absence of heparin was tested with EC and SMC. Migration was tested with 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL of both FGF-1 and R136K, either with or without 5 U/mL of heparin. Migration of EC was also assessed after growth inhibition with mitomycin C. A novel modified Boyden chamber-type migration assay using fibrin glue on the upper surface of the chamber filter was used to test migration. The fluorescent marker calcein was used to identify those cells that had migrated through the fibrin glue and were embedded in the filter. Molecular degradation by thrombin was assessed with sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.",
"For EC, R136K in the absence of heparin induced significantly more migration than did FGF-1 at 50 (P <.002), 100 (P <.0001), and 200 (P <.0001) ng/mL. In the presence of heparin, a chemotactic response of EC to cytokine was seen at all doses, with no significant difference between FGF-1 and R136K. A dose-dependent difference was noted in this group between the 100 and 200 ng/mL concentrations of cytokine (for FGF-1, P <.0001; for R136K, P <.0001). SMC showed no difference in migration with FGF-1, R136K, or negative control at any dose in the presence or absence of heparin. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that R136K was more resistant to thrombin degradation than was FGF-1."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Division",
"Cell Movement",
"Cytokines",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Fibrin Tissue Adhesive",
"Fibrinolytic Agents",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 1",
"Heparin",
"Humans",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Thrombin",
"Tissue Adhesives"
]
} | Site-directed mutagenesis of FGF-1 to R136K enables induction of heparin-independent migration of EC through fibrin glue at an optimal concentration of 100 ng/mL. Neither FGF-1 nor R136K elicits SMC migration through fibrin glue. The ability of R136K to induce EC migration through fibrin glue in the absence of heparin may prove useful in vivo by inducing EC migration and coverage of arterial injury sites, thus potentially reducing thrombogenicity and intimal hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does r136K fibroblast growth factor-1 mutant induce heparin-independent migration of endothelial cells through fibrin glue?\nContext: {'contexts': ['R136K is a mutation of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) in which arginine replaces lysine at the primary thrombin cleavage site. This may be important in vivo in inducing endothelial cell (EC) migration and coverage of arterial injury sites by allowing R136K to be used in a fibrin glue delivery system, without thrombin-induced degradation, in the absence of heparin. The objectives of this study were to determine whether R136K, with and without heparin, can induce migration of EC and smooth muscle cells (SMC) through fibrin glue, and to compare these results with those of wild-type FGF-1; and to determine the resistance of R136K to thrombin-induced degradation versus FGF-1.', 'The dose-response migration through fibrin glue induced by wild-type FGF-1 and the R136K mutant in the presence and absence of heparin was tested with EC and SMC. Migration was tested with 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL of both FGF-1 and R136K, either with or without 5 U/mL of heparin. Migration of EC was also assessed after growth inhibition with mitomycin C. A novel modified Boyden chamber-type migration assay using fibrin glue on the upper surface of the chamber filter was used to test migration. The fluorescent marker calcein was used to identify those cells that had migrated through the fibrin glue and were embedded in the filter. Molecular degradation by thrombin was assessed with sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.', 'For EC, R136K in the absence of heparin induced significantly more migration than did FGF-1 at 50 (P <.002), 100 (P <.0001), and 200 (P <.0001) ng/mL. In the presence of heparin, a chemotactic response of EC to cytokine was seen at all doses, with no significant difference between FGF-1 and R136K. A dose-dependent difference was noted in this group between the 100 and 200 ng/mL concentrations of cytokine (for FGF-1, P <.0001; for R136K, P <.0001). SMC showed no difference in migration with FGF-1, R136K, or negative control at any dose in the presence or absence of heparin. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that R136K was more resistant to thrombin degradation than was FGF-1.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibrin Tissue Adhesive', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 1', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Thrombin', 'Tissue Adhesives']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,356 | Do wall shear stress and strain modulate experimental aneurysm cellularity? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical evidence indicates that hemodynamic conditions influence abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. We modified blood flow to evaluate the effects of wall shear stress (WSS) and relative wall strain (RWS) on aneurysm structure and cellularity.",
"Rodent AAAs were created with porcine pancreatic elastase infusion. In group 1 AAA WSS was increased with left femoral arteriovenous fistula creation, whereas in group 2 AAA WSS was decreased with left iliac artery ligation. Aortic flow, wall motion, and blood pressure were recorded in both groups. AAA diameter, endothelial and smooth muscle cellularity (CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining), markers for cell proliferation (5-bromodeoxyuridine), endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth factor production (vascular endothelial growth factor-D and platelet-derived growth factor-beta, respectively), and apoptosis (deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeled [TUNEL] stain) were compared between groups when the animals were killed.",
"Arteriovenous fistula creation increased WSS (high-flow AAA) by 300% and RWS by 150%. Iliac ligation reduced WSS (low-flow AAA) by 60%. Neither procedure significantly altered systolic, diastolic, or mean aortic pressure. When the animals were killed 7 days after elastase infusion, low-flow AAAs were significantly larger than high-flow AAAs. High-flow AAAs also contained more endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and evidence of increased growth factor production, cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. No difference in type or severity of AAA inflammatory cell infiltrate was noted between groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta, Abdominal",
"Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Blood Pressure",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Collagen",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Disease Progression",
"Elastin",
"Endothelial Growth Factors",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Models, Cardiovascular",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Strains",
"Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor",
"Shear Strength",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D"
]
} | High flow conditions stimulate endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation in experimental aneurysms. Enhanced cellularity may stabilize aortic integrity, limiting aneurysm growth. Increased lower extremity activity may prevent or retard AAA disease through salutary effects on aortic remodeling mediated by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do wall shear stress and strain modulate experimental aneurysm cellularity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Clinical evidence indicates that hemodynamic conditions influence abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. We modified blood flow to evaluate the effects of wall shear stress (WSS) and relative wall strain (RWS) on aneurysm structure and cellularity.', 'Rodent AAAs were created with porcine pancreatic elastase infusion. In group 1 AAA WSS was increased with left femoral arteriovenous fistula creation, whereas in group 2 AAA WSS was decreased with left iliac artery ligation. Aortic flow, wall motion, and blood pressure were recorded in both groups. AAA diameter, endothelial and smooth muscle cellularity (CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining), markers for cell proliferation (5-bromodeoxyuridine), endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth factor production (vascular endothelial growth factor-D and platelet-derived growth factor-beta, respectively), and apoptosis (deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeled [TUNEL] stain) were compared between groups when the animals were killed.', 'Arteriovenous fistula creation increased WSS (high-flow AAA) by 300% and RWS by 150%. Iliac ligation reduced WSS (low-flow AAA) by 60%. Neither procedure significantly altered systolic, diastolic, or mean aortic pressure. When the animals were killed 7 days after elastase infusion, low-flow AAAs were significantly larger than high-flow AAAs. High-flow AAAs also contained more endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and evidence of increased growth factor production, cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. No difference in type or severity of AAA inflammatory cell infiltrate was noted between groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Collagen', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Elastin', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Shear Strength', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,112 | Does blood pressure at which rebleeding occur after resuscitation in swine with aortic injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The appropriateness of vigorous fluid resuscitation to normal blood pressure following hemorrhage in uncontrolled bleeding has recently been questioned due to the possibility of dislodging clots and exacerbating hemorrhage. To develop a rational blood pressure target that maximizes the metabolic benefits of resuscitation without causing increased blood loss, it was first necessary to determine whether there is a reproducible mean arterial pressure (MAP) at which rebleeding occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the rate and time of resuscitation after injury and the rebleeding MAP in an uncontrolled hemorrhage model.",
"Sixty-two anesthetized pigs were instrumented with catheters and splenectomized, and suction tubes were placed in the lateral peritoneal recesses to continuously capture shed blood. With the abdomen open, an aortotomy was made in the infrarenal aorta. At either 5, 15, or 30 minutes after the end of the initial hemorrhage, resuscitation with warmed lactated Ringer's solution was begun at either 100 or 300 mL/min. The rebleeding MAP was determined at the moment blood appeared in the suction tubes.",
"The average pressure at the rebleeding point for all animals was MAP = 64 +/- 2, Systolic = 94 +/- 3, and Diastolic = 45 +/- 2 mm Hg. The pressure at which rebleeding occurred in this aortotomy model was not affected by either time of resuscitation (5-30 min), nor was the rebleeding pressure affected by the rate (100 vs. 300 mL/min) of resuscitation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Aortic Diseases",
"Blood Pressure",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Fluid Therapy",
"Hemorrhage",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Resuscitation",
"Secondary Prevention",
"Swine",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | There was a reproducible pressure at which rebleeding occurred in this model of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The optimal endpoint of resuscitation in patients without definitive hemorrhage control would then be below this rebleeding pressure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does blood pressure at which rebleeding occur after resuscitation in swine with aortic injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The appropriateness of vigorous fluid resuscitation to normal blood pressure following hemorrhage in uncontrolled bleeding has recently been questioned due to the possibility of dislodging clots and exacerbating hemorrhage. To develop a rational blood pressure target that maximizes the metabolic benefits of resuscitation without causing increased blood loss, it was first necessary to determine whether there is a reproducible mean arterial pressure (MAP) at which rebleeding occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the rate and time of resuscitation after injury and the rebleeding MAP in an uncontrolled hemorrhage model.', \"Sixty-two anesthetized pigs were instrumented with catheters and splenectomized, and suction tubes were placed in the lateral peritoneal recesses to continuously capture shed blood. With the abdomen open, an aortotomy was made in the infrarenal aorta. At either 5, 15, or 30 minutes after the end of the initial hemorrhage, resuscitation with warmed lactated Ringer's solution was begun at either 100 or 300 mL/min. The rebleeding MAP was determined at the moment blood appeared in the suction tubes.\", 'The average pressure at the rebleeding point for all animals was MAP = 64 +/- 2, Systolic = 94 +/- 3, and Diastolic = 45 +/- 2 mm Hg. The pressure at which rebleeding occurred in this aortotomy model was not affected by either time of resuscitation (5-30 min), nor was the rebleeding pressure affected by the rate (100 vs. 300 mL/min) of resuscitation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Blood Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Hemorrhage', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Resuscitation', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,764,214 | Does cardiovascular reactivity to stress predict future blood pressure in adolescence? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluated the prospective relationship between cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress and increases in resting blood pressure across a 3-year period among a multiethnic pediatric sample (N = 149).",
"Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; EKG heart rate, pre-ejection period, and mean successive difference of R to R intervals; and impedance-derived measures of cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were collected during performance of four tasks that elicited different hemodynamic response patterns. Changes from baseline to each task were standardized and averaged to form eight composite scores. Analyses adjusted for time 1 baseline blood pressure and age, body mass index at baseline and change to follow-up, and duration of follow-up.",
"Rises in SBP over the follow-up period were independently predicted by SBP (beta = 0.161, p =.009), DBP (beta = 0.132, p =.02), and CO (beta = 0.144, p =.02) composite measures of reactivity. Rises in DBP over the follow-up period were predicted by DBP (beta = 0.292, p =.003, respectively), and MSD (beta = -0.176, p <.03) composite measures of reactivity. TPR reactivity was not related prospectively to blood pressure rises."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Physiological",
"Adolescent",
"African Americans",
"Age of Onset",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiography, Impedance",
"Cold Temperature",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha",
"Receptors, Adrenergic, beta",
"Sex Factors",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Vascular Resistance"
]
} | This study adds to the pediatric literature documenting an association between cardiovascular reactivity to stress and subsequent risk for hypertension. It is the first to show that impedance-derived measures of myocardial function during stress are related to future blood pressure levels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cardiovascular reactivity to stress predict future blood pressure in adolescence?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study evaluated the prospective relationship between cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress and increases in resting blood pressure across a 3-year period among a multiethnic pediatric sample (N = 149).', 'Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; EKG heart rate, pre-ejection period, and mean successive difference of R to R intervals; and impedance-derived measures of cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were collected during performance of four tasks that elicited different hemodynamic response patterns. Changes from baseline to each task were standardized and averaged to form eight composite scores. Analyses adjusted for time 1 baseline blood pressure and age, body mass index at baseline and change to follow-up, and duration of follow-up.', 'Rises in SBP over the follow-up period were independently predicted by SBP (beta = 0.161, p =.009), DBP (beta = 0.132, p =.02), and CO (beta = 0.144, p =.02) composite measures of reactivity. Rises in DBP over the follow-up period were predicted by DBP (beta = 0.292, p =.003, respectively), and MSD (beta = -0.176, p <.03) composite measures of reactivity. TPR reactivity was not related prospectively to blood pressure rises.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adolescent', 'African Americans', 'Age of Onset', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiography, Impedance', 'Cold Temperature', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Sex Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Vascular Resistance']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,018 | Does high-resolution comparative genomic hybridisation yield a high detection rate of chromosomal aberrations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytogenetic aberrations are of prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and a high detection rate could improve the biological understanding and classification of these diseases.",
"Bone-marrow samples from 92 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were studied by high-resolution comparative genomic hybridisation (HRCGH) using dynamic standard reference intervals that enhance both specificity and sensitivity in the detection of aberrations.",
"In 80 patients (87%) HRCGH revealed a total of 405 aberrations, mostly whole chromosome gains (n = 265) and partial losses (n = 80). The 25 leukaemias with a gain of more than five whole chromosomes by HRCGH harboured only 7% of all losses. With G-band karyotyping 59 patients (64%) had aberrations. HRCGH revealed more aberrations per patient than did G-band karyotyping (median: 3 vs. 1, P = 0.005), revealed aberrations in 27 of the 34 patients for whom the G-band karyotyping failed or was found to be normal, and specifically revealed more 9p losses (21% vs. 5%, P < 0.005), 12p losses (12% vs. 2%, P < 0.05) and 17q gains (11% vs. 1%, P < 0.01). Compared to the present study, the frequency of patients with aberrant karyotypes was significantly lower in previous conventional CGH studies (64% vs. 87%, P < 0.0001), as was the rate of partial aberrations per patient (1.1% vs. 1.7, P < 0.001), particularly with fewer 6q losses, 9p losses and 17q gains detected."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Bone Marrow",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Chromosome Aberrations",
"Female",
"Gene Dosage",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Karyotyping",
"Male",
"Nucleic Acid Hybridization",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Reference Standards",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | HRCGH is superior to conventional CGH as an adjunct to G-band karyotyping as it detects recurrent aberrations at a significantly higher rate than both these techniques. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high-resolution comparative genomic hybridisation yield a high detection rate of chromosomal aberrations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cytogenetic aberrations are of prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and a high detection rate could improve the biological understanding and classification of these diseases.', 'Bone-marrow samples from 92 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were studied by high-resolution comparative genomic hybridisation (HRCGH) using dynamic standard reference intervals that enhance both specificity and sensitivity in the detection of aberrations.', 'In 80 patients (87%) HRCGH revealed a total of 405 aberrations, mostly whole chromosome gains (n = 265) and partial losses (n = 80). The 25 leukaemias with a gain of more than five whole chromosomes by HRCGH harboured only 7% of all losses. With G-band karyotyping 59 patients (64%) had aberrations. HRCGH revealed more aberrations per patient than did G-band karyotyping (median: 3 vs. 1, P = 0.005), revealed aberrations in 27 of the 34 patients for whom the G-band karyotyping failed or was found to be normal, and specifically revealed more 9p losses (21% vs. 5%, P < 0.005), 12p losses (12% vs. 2%, P < 0.05) and 17q gains (11% vs. 1%, P < 0.01). Compared to the present study, the frequency of patients with aberrant karyotypes was significantly lower in previous conventional CGH studies (64% vs. 87%, P < 0.0001), as was the rate of partial aberrations per patient (1.1% vs. 1.7, P < 0.001), particularly with fewer 6q losses, 9p losses and 17q gains detected.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Female', 'Gene Dosage', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Reference Standards', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,756,019 | Do increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 predict clinical outcome of patients with early B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which agree with progression in solid and haematological tumours were correlated to the risk of disease progression in 62 patients with early (Binet stage A) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Sera were taken at diagnosis and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.",
"MMP-9 levels positively correlated with haemoglobin levels (P = 0.03) and platelet count (P = 0.03). No association was found with main clinico-haematological features representative of tumour mass, such as peripheral blood lymphocytosis, bone marrow histology, Rai substages and beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2m). A cut-off of MMP-9 levels corresponding to 33rd percentile (203 ng/mL) or higher identified earlier upstaging and shorter progression-free survival. MMP-9 was a significant prognostic marker in multivariate analysis and partially independent of Rai substages, which suggests its inclusion into such a staging system to better stratify prognostically Rai stages I and II patients."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Disease Progression",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Hemoglobins",
"Humans",
"Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Platelet Count",
"Prognosis",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | MMP-9 serum levels predict disease behaviour and help to refine the prognosis of stage A CLL patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 predict clinical outcome of patients with early B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which agree with progression in solid and haematological tumours were correlated to the risk of disease progression in 62 patients with early (Binet stage A) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Sera were taken at diagnosis and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'MMP-9 levels positively correlated with haemoglobin levels (P = 0.03) and platelet count (P = 0.03). No association was found with main clinico-haematological features representative of tumour mass, such as peripheral blood lymphocytosis, bone marrow histology, Rai substages and beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2m). A cut-off of MMP-9 levels corresponding to 33rd percentile (203 ng/mL) or higher identified earlier upstaging and shorter progression-free survival. MMP-9 was a significant prognostic marker in multivariate analysis and partially independent of Rai substages, which suggests its inclusion into such a staging system to better stratify prognostically Rai stages I and II patients.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Platelet Count', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,773,457 | Does oxidative DNA damage in human sperm influence time to pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress and related DNA damage in human sperm may be important for fecundity and pregnancy outcome.",
"We studied the level of oxidative DNA damage in terms of 7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in sperm DNA among 225 first-pregnancy planners. Over the six menstrual cycle follow-up time, after cessation of contraception, 135 pregnancies were conceived.",
"The likelihood of pregnancy occurring in a single menstrual cycle was inversely associated with the 8-oxodG level (P < 0.01). The odds ratio of pregnancy in each of the first three or all six follow-up menstrual cycles was 0.42 (0.23-0.78; 95% CI) and 0.61 (0.36-0.91) per unit increase in the log 8-oxodG/100 000 dG ratio after adjustment for potential confounders, (including sperm concentration) respectively. The intra-individual coefficient of variation of 8-oxodG in 2-6 monthly repeated sperm samples from 116 men was 19% for the 8-oxodG/dG ratio, whereas the inter-individual coefficient of variation was 49%. The 8-oxodG level was not significantly associated with smoking, consumption of alcohol or caffeine, exposure to welding fumes or the plasma levels of sex hormones."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Caffeine",
"DNA",
"DNA Damage",
"Deoxyguanosine",
"Female",
"Fertility",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Menstrual Cycle",
"Occupational Exposure",
"Odds Ratio",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Pregnancy",
"Regression Analysis",
"Smoking",
"Sperm Count",
"Spermatozoa",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The data suggest that oxidative damage to sperm DNA influences fecundity and the level of damage is relatively constant within an individual and not influenced by smoking. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does oxidative DNA damage in human sperm influence time to pregnancy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidative stress and related DNA damage in human sperm may be important for fecundity and pregnancy outcome.', \"We studied the level of oxidative DNA damage in terms of 7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in sperm DNA among 225 first-pregnancy planners. Over the six menstrual cycle follow-up time, after cessation of contraception, 135 pregnancies were conceived.\", 'The likelihood of pregnancy occurring in a single menstrual cycle was inversely associated with the 8-oxodG level (P < 0.01). The odds ratio of pregnancy in each of the first three or all six follow-up menstrual cycles was 0.42 (0.23-0.78; 95% CI) and 0.61 (0.36-0.91) per unit increase in the log 8-oxodG/100 000 dG ratio after adjustment for potential confounders, (including sperm concentration) respectively. The intra-individual coefficient of variation of 8-oxodG in 2-6 monthly repeated sperm samples from 116 men was 19% for the 8-oxodG/dG ratio, whereas the inter-individual coefficient of variation was 49%. The 8-oxodG level was not significantly associated with smoking, consumption of alcohol or caffeine, exposure to welding fumes or the plasma levels of sex hormones.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Caffeine', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Odds Ratio', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pregnancy', 'Regression Analysis', 'Smoking', 'Sperm Count', 'Spermatozoa', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,768,387 | Does a novel diamino-pyridine derivative ( IS-741 ) attenuate rat ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid? | {
"contexts": [
"The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.",
"Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.",
"The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ileitis",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Neutrophil Infiltration",
"Peroxidase",
"Phospholipases A",
"Pyridines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid"
]
} | These results indicate that the oral administration of IS-741 inhibits neutrophil infiltration into inflamed lesions, and is effective for attenuating rat TNBS ileitis. This new anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a novel diamino-pyridine derivative ( IS-741 ) attenuate rat ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.\", 'Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.', 'The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ileitis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Peroxidase', 'Phospholipases A', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,759,801 | Is altered response to tryptophan supplementation after long-term abstention from MDMA ( ecstasy ) highly correlated with human memory function? | {
"contexts": [
"MDMA (ecstasy; +3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) damages brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons and, in non-human primates, a loss of various 5-HT axonal markers persists for several years. This raises the question of whether long lasting effects occur in human beings that persist even after they have stopped using MDMA.",
"We therefore assessed the effects of an indirect 5-HT manipulation on functions thought to be affected by MDMA use in people who had stopped using MDMA (ex-users) compared with continuing users and non-users.",
"Ninety-six participants were recruited: 32 ex-users who had stopped using MDMA for >1 year (mean, 2.4 years); 32 current users and 32 polydrug controls who had never used MDMA but were matched with ex-users and controls on cannabis use and pre-morbid IQ. Participants were given an amino acid mixture that contained either no tryptophan (T-) or augmented tryptophan (T+) and assessed before and 5 h after the drink on measures of cognitive function and mood.",
"T+ and T- produced plasma tryptophan augmentation and depletion, respectively, in all three groups. Ex-users' plasma tryptophan levels in response to T+ were significantly higher than other groups. Ex-users' performance on a delayed prose recall task improved after T+ and lessened after T-. Changes in ex-users' free plasma tryptophan levels correlated highly (r=-0.9) with their baseline performance on immediate and delayed prose recall; change in total plasma tryptophan correlated (r=-0.81) with delayed recall. Further, total baseline plasma tryptophan correlated with number of years they had used MDMA before quitting. Baseline differences between groups were found on learning, working memory, aggression and impulsivity. T- did not produce differential effects in the three groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Amphetamine-Related Disorders",
"Attention",
"Cognition",
"Hallucinogens",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Memory",
"N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine",
"Serotonin",
"Time Factors",
"Tryptophan",
"Verbal Behavior"
]
} | Our results suggest that prolonged abstinence from MDMA might be associated with altered tryptophan metabolism. Ex-users showing the poorest memory function at baseline were also those who metabolised least tryptophan. These findings may reflect pre-morbid differences in 5-HT function of those who stop using this drug or consequences of MDMA use that emerge after abstention. Aggression is also associated with MDMA use and subsequent abstinence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is altered response to tryptophan supplementation after long-term abstention from MDMA ( ecstasy ) highly correlated with human memory function?\nContext: {'contexts': ['MDMA (ecstasy; +3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) damages brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons and, in non-human primates, a loss of various 5-HT axonal markers persists for several years. This raises the question of whether long lasting effects occur in human beings that persist even after they have stopped using MDMA.', 'We therefore assessed the effects of an indirect 5-HT manipulation on functions thought to be affected by MDMA use in people who had stopped using MDMA (ex-users) compared with continuing users and non-users.', 'Ninety-six participants were recruited: 32 ex-users who had stopped using MDMA for >1 year (mean, 2.4 years); 32 current users and 32 polydrug controls who had never used MDMA but were matched with ex-users and controls on cannabis use and pre-morbid IQ. Participants were given an amino acid mixture that contained either no tryptophan (T-) or augmented tryptophan (T+) and assessed before and 5 h after the drink on measures of cognitive function and mood.', \"T+ and T- produced plasma tryptophan augmentation and depletion, respectively, in all three groups. Ex-users' plasma tryptophan levels in response to T+ were significantly higher than other groups. Ex-users' performance on a delayed prose recall task improved after T+ and lessened after T-. Changes in ex-users' free plasma tryptophan levels correlated highly (r=-0.9) with their baseline performance on immediate and delayed prose recall; change in total plasma tryptophan correlated (r=-0.81) with delayed recall. Further, total baseline plasma tryptophan correlated with number of years they had used MDMA before quitting. Baseline differences between groups were found on learning, working memory, aggression and impulsivity. T- did not produce differential effects in the three groups.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Affect', 'Amphetamine-Related Disorders', 'Attention', 'Cognition', 'Hallucinogens', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine', 'Serotonin', 'Time Factors', 'Tryptophan', 'Verbal Behavior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
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