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stringlengths 17
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,474,940 | Are the effects of high glucose on human endothelial cell growth and gene expression mediated by transforming growth factor-beta? | {
"contexts": [
"Because accumulation of extracellular matrix is a prominent characteristic of the microangiopathy that complicates long-term diabetes, a pathogenetic role for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is being considered. Having observed that glucose levels mimicking diabetic hyperglycemia induce in vitro endothelial cell overexpression of extracellular matrix molecules, decreased replication, and increased levels of TGF-beta mRNA, we have examined whether the effects of high glucose are mediated by autocrine TGF-beta.",
"TGF-beta levels were measured by bioassay in the media conditioned by human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in the presence of high (30 mM) or normal (5 mM) glucose concentrations. The effect of high glucose was tested on the proliferation of two epithelial cell lines, one (Mv1Lu) exquisitely sensitive to TGF-beta and the other (DR mutants) insensitive to the cytokine. To examine whether high glucose and TGF-beta affect cellular programs in a similar manner, the effects of high glucose and exogenous TGF-beta were compared on proliferation and gene expression of endothelial cells.",
"Media conditioned by endothelial cells cultured in high or normal glucose contained similar amounts of TGF-beta (4.9 +/- 3.5 and 3.7 +/- 2.5 ng/10(6) cells, respectively (mean +/- SD)), all in the latent form. The replication of parental Mv1Lu cells and their DR mutants was decreased by high glucose to the same extent. Whereas the inhibitory effect of high glucose on endothelial cell replication was reversible, that of TGF-beta was not. Both perturbations induced up-regulation of fibronectin expression, but the effects were additive. Only TGF-beta induced overexpression of Type IV collagenase."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Division",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Culture Media, Conditioned",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Fibronectins",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Hypertonic Solutions",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These combined observations indicate that (a) endothelial cells exposed to high glucose do not secrete TGF-beta in excess of control cells, (b) there are growth-inhibitory effects of high glucose that are independent of TGF-beta, and (c) high glucose and TGF-beta exert their effects through distinct pathways and at different loci. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the effects of high glucose on human endothelial cell growth and gene expression mediated by transforming growth factor-beta?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because accumulation of extracellular matrix is a prominent characteristic of the microangiopathy that complicates long-term diabetes, a pathogenetic role for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is being considered. Having observed that glucose levels mimicking diabetic hyperglycemia induce in vitro endothelial cell overexpression of extracellular matrix molecules, decreased replication, and increased levels of TGF-beta mRNA, we have examined whether the effects of high glucose are mediated by autocrine TGF-beta.', 'TGF-beta levels were measured by bioassay in the media conditioned by human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in the presence of high (30 mM) or normal (5 mM) glucose concentrations. The effect of high glucose was tested on the proliferation of two epithelial cell lines, one (Mv1Lu) exquisitely sensitive to TGF-beta and the other (DR mutants) insensitive to the cytokine. To examine whether high glucose and TGF-beta affect cellular programs in a similar manner, the effects of high glucose and exogenous TGF-beta were compared on proliferation and gene expression of endothelial cells.', 'Media conditioned by endothelial cells cultured in high or normal glucose contained similar amounts of TGF-beta (4.9 +/- 3.5 and 3.7 +/- 2.5 ng/10(6) cells, respectively (mean +/- SD)), all in the latent form. The replication of parental Mv1Lu cells and their DR mutants was decreased by high glucose to the same extent. Whereas the inhibitory effect of high glucose on endothelial cell replication was reversible, that of TGF-beta was not. Both perturbations induced up-regulation of fibronectin expression, but the effects were additive. Only TGF-beta induced overexpression of Type IV collagenase.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibronectins', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypertonic Solutions', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,499,685 | Is one of the rubber latex allergens a lysozyme? | {
"contexts": [
"Type I hypersensitivity reactions caused by latex products are ascribed to proteins eluted from them, but little is known about the properties of these allergenic proteins. The reason for the cross-reaction between rubber latex and fruits is also not known. We have speculated that a series of defense-related proteins in plants is a cause of latex allergy and the cross reaction.",
"To verify our hypothesis, we selected a lysozyme as a representative defense-related protein and examined its relationship to latex allergy.",
"Lysozymes eluted from latex gloves were detected with a cell-suspension clearing test. A chromatographically separated lysozyme was investigated for its physicochemical and enzymatic properties and allergenicity.",
"Lysozyme activity was detected in extracts from ammoniated latex and latex gloves. We separated a lysozyme (27 kd; isoelectric point, 9.5) using cation-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. This lysozyme was enzymatically very similar to fruit lysozymes and was demonstrated to be an allergen."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Allergens",
"Chromatography, Gel",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Chromatography, Ion Exchange",
"Cross Reactions",
"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Female",
"Fruit",
"Gloves, Protective",
"Gloves, Surgical",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Isoelectric Point",
"Latex",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Weight",
"Muramidase",
"Rubber"
]
} | One of the rubber latex allergens is a lysozyme that has similarities to fruit lysozymes. This suggests the relevance of defense-related proteins to latex allergy and the cross reaction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is one of the rubber latex allergens a lysozyme?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Type I hypersensitivity reactions caused by latex products are ascribed to proteins eluted from them, but little is known about the properties of these allergenic proteins. The reason for the cross-reaction between rubber latex and fruits is also not known. We have speculated that a series of defense-related proteins in plants is a cause of latex allergy and the cross reaction.', 'To verify our hypothesis, we selected a lysozyme as a representative defense-related protein and examined its relationship to latex allergy.', 'Lysozymes eluted from latex gloves were detected with a cell-suspension clearing test. A chromatographically separated lysozyme was investigated for its physicochemical and enzymatic properties and allergenicity.', 'Lysozyme activity was detected in extracts from ammoniated latex and latex gloves. We separated a lysozyme (27 kd; isoelectric point, 9.5) using cation-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. This lysozyme was enzymatically very similar to fruit lysozymes and was demonstrated to be an allergen.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Allergens', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Cross Reactions', 'Dermatitis, Allergic Contact', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Fruit', 'Gloves, Protective', 'Gloves, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Isoelectric Point', 'Latex', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muramidase', 'Rubber']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,029 | Do survival in major burn injuries is predicted by early response to Swan-Ganz-guided resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Two years ago the authors began to use Swan-Ganz catheters to generate more complex hemodynamic data as a better guide to resuscitation of burns. This study uses the information to identify differences between survivors and nonsurvivors.",
"Fifty-three consecutive patients with major burns were treated using Swan-Ganz-generated data. Additional information was collected, including demographics, intake and output, medications, and arterial blood gas (including calculated oxygen consumption). Statistical analysis incorporated adjustments for autocorrelation.",
"The patients included 38 men and 15 women, averaged 43.7 years of age, and had a mean burn size of 40%. Thirteen patients suffered severe inhalation injury. Data collected hourly over 3 days were collapsed across 6-hour observation periods. Mean values, when plotted across time, discriminated the 37 survivors from the 16 nonsurvivors. Poor response to resuscitation as evidenced by increased use of colloid fluid and cardiotonic drugs plus failure to maximize oxygen consumption were associated with nonsurvival."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Burns",
"Catheterization, Swan-Ganz",
"Female",
"Fluid Therapy",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Resuscitation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | Unsustained or inadequate response to hyperdynamic resuscitation of burns was associated with nonsurvival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do survival in major burn injuries is predicted by early response to Swan-Ganz-guided resuscitation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Two years ago the authors began to use Swan-Ganz catheters to generate more complex hemodynamic data as a better guide to resuscitation of burns. This study uses the information to identify differences between survivors and nonsurvivors.', 'Fifty-three consecutive patients with major burns were treated using Swan-Ganz-generated data. Additional information was collected, including demographics, intake and output, medications, and arterial blood gas (including calculated oxygen consumption). Statistical analysis incorporated adjustments for autocorrelation.', 'The patients included 38 men and 15 women, averaged 43.7 years of age, and had a mean burn size of 40%. Thirteen patients suffered severe inhalation injury. Data collected hourly over 3 days were collapsed across 6-hour observation periods. Mean values, when plotted across time, discriminated the 37 survivors from the 16 nonsurvivors. Poor response to resuscitation as evidenced by increased use of colloid fluid and cardiotonic drugs plus failure to maximize oxygen consumption were associated with nonsurvival.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Burns', 'Catheterization, Swan-Ganz', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Resuscitation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,028 | Does severe acidosis alone predict mortality in the trauma patient? | {
"contexts": [
"Because severe acidosis is an indicator of poor prognosis in trauma patients, medical records of these patients were analyzed to determine whether aggressive resuscitation was appropriate.",
"Data from a level 1 trauma center registry were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with a pH < or = 7.0. Thirty-seven patients were identified. Severely acidotic patients were compared to average trauma patients in terms of demographics, resuscitation, injury, and outcome. Surviving acidotic patients were also compared to nonsurviving acidotic patients.",
"Half of the severely acidotic group survived initial resuscitation with approximately one third surviving to leave the hospital. There were no chronically disabled survivors. Nonsurviving acidotic patients were more unstable, more neurologically depressed, and more severely injured. Resuscitation efforts did not consume excessive hospital resources."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acidosis",
"Adult",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prognosis",
"Resuscitation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Severe acidosis alone is not a sufficiently powerful predictor of outcome to justify withholding resuscitation; however, when combined with coma and shock, this condition had no survivors in this small series. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does severe acidosis alone predict mortality in the trauma patient?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because severe acidosis is an indicator of poor prognosis in trauma patients, medical records of these patients were analyzed to determine whether aggressive resuscitation was appropriate.', 'Data from a level 1 trauma center registry were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with a pH < or = 7.0. Thirty-seven patients were identified. Severely acidotic patients were compared to average trauma patients in terms of demographics, resuscitation, injury, and outcome. Surviving acidotic patients were also compared to nonsurviving acidotic patients.', 'Half of the severely acidotic group survived initial resuscitation with approximately one third surviving to leave the hospital. There were no chronically disabled survivors. Nonsurviving acidotic patients were more unstable, more neurologically depressed, and more severely injured. Resuscitation efforts did not consume excessive hospital resources.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acidosis', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Resuscitation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,492,021 | Is problem orientation a new approach to surgical education? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing interest in educational methods that are loosely aggregated under the title of problem-based learning (PBL), but it remains unclear whether PBL is as successful as its conventional predecessor in transmitting factual information.",
"The authors designed and implemented a PBL curriculum for a third-year surgical clerkship, then prospectively compared that technique with the conventional format. Each student's subject-related knowledge was assessed with a specifically tailored 195-question written exam and correlated with National Board of Medical Examiners shelf exams. Student and faculty responses to the technique were also sought and tabulated.",
"Student and faculty responses to PBL were uniformly positive. We were unable, however, to demonstrate effects on our evaluation instruments. Neither individual student performance nor grouped scores differed based on the mode of presentation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Clinical Clerkship",
"Educational Measurement",
"General Surgery",
"Humans",
"Problem-Based Learning",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | A PBL curriculum generates both student and faculty enthusiasm. Unfortunately, this does not translate into more efficient transmission of knowledge. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is problem orientation a new approach to surgical education?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is increasing interest in educational methods that are loosely aggregated under the title of problem-based learning (PBL), but it remains unclear whether PBL is as successful as its conventional predecessor in transmitting factual information.', \"The authors designed and implemented a PBL curriculum for a third-year surgical clerkship, then prospectively compared that technique with the conventional format. Each student's subject-related knowledge was assessed with a specifically tailored 195-question written exam and correlated with National Board of Medical Examiners shelf exams. Student and faculty responses to the technique were also sought and tabulated.\", 'Student and faculty responses to PBL were uniformly positive. We were unable, however, to demonstrate effects on our evaluation instruments. Neither individual student performance nor grouped scores differed based on the mode of presentation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Clinical Clerkship', 'Educational Measurement', 'General Surgery', 'Humans', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,296 | Does meconium inhibit the contraction of umbilical vessels induced by the thromboxane A2 analog U46619? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to study the direct effects of meconium on isolated umbilical artery and vein in vitro.",
"Intact umbilical artery and vein rings were suspended in 5 ml organ baths containing kreb's solution (pH 7.2, 37 degrees C; bubbled with 2.5% oxygen and 8.07% carbon dioxide, balance nitrogen) for isometric tension recording. Meconium alone (final bath concentration 1%), centrifuged and filtered meconium, and meconium with the lipid fraction removed (separated into < 30,000 kd and > 30,000 kd) were added to the baths. Some vessels were also incubated in 1% meconium for 30 minutes, after which the meconium was washed out. Concentration-response curves to U46619 were obtained. The negative log of the concentration that evokes 50% of the maximal contraction was determined.",
"Umbilical artery and vein had no sustained response to meconium. Tension that developed by rings exposed to meconium was significantly less than control at all concentrations of U46619. There was some loss of the efficacy of meconium after centrifugation-filtration and washing out. Meconium without the lipid fraction had less inhibitory effect than did native meconium."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Female",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Meconium",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Pregnancy",
"Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic",
"Thromboxane A2",
"Umbilical Arteries",
"Umbilical Veins",
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vasoconstrictor Agents"
]
} | Meconium does not cause sustained contraction of umbilical artery and vein in vitro. It does, however, inhibit the contractile effect of U46619 in both umbilical artery and vein smooth muscle. The inhibitory activity of meconium appears to be concentrated in the lipid fraction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does meconium inhibit the contraction of umbilical vessels induced by the thromboxane A2 analog U46619?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our objective was to study the direct effects of meconium on isolated umbilical artery and vein in vitro.', \"Intact umbilical artery and vein rings were suspended in 5 ml organ baths containing kreb's solution (pH 7.2, 37 degrees C; bubbled with 2.5% oxygen and 8.07% carbon dioxide, balance nitrogen) for isometric tension recording. Meconium alone (final bath concentration 1%), centrifuged and filtered meconium, and meconium with the lipid fraction removed (separated into < 30,000 kd and > 30,000 kd) were added to the baths. Some vessels were also incubated in 1% meconium for 30 minutes, after which the meconium was washed out. Concentration-response curves to U46619 were obtained. The negative log of the concentration that evokes 50% of the maximal contraction was determined.\", 'Umbilical artery and vein had no sustained response to meconium. Tension that developed by rings exposed to meconium was significantly less than control at all concentrations of U46619. There was some loss of the efficacy of meconium after centrifugation-filtration and washing out. Meconium without the lipid fraction had less inhibitory effect than did native meconium.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Meconium', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Pregnancy', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Umbilical Arteries', 'Umbilical Veins', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,294 | Is histologic evidence of old intrauterine bleeding more frequent in prematurity? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to study the incidence and location of histologic evidence of intrauterine bleeding in preterm and term placentas.",
"A total of 462 consecutive placentas delivered at < 32 weeks' gestation, from which cases of placenta previa, stillbirth, and multiple gestation were excluded, were compared with 108 consecutive term placentas (with similar exclusion criteria) in regard to the presence of hemosiderin in decidua of basal plate or placental membranes. Of the 462 preterm cases, 448 charts made specific reference to the presence or absence of vaginal bleeding. Bloody show alone was not considered bleeding. The blinded scoring of lesions (including acute ascending infection, uteroplacental vascular pathologic processes and related ischemic damage, chronic inflammation, and coagulation related lesions) was analyzed by contingency tables (p < 0.05 significant).",
"A total of 196 of 462 (43%) preterm placentas had any decidual hemosiderin compared with one of 108 (0.8%) at term (p < 0.00001). Among the preterm cases, hemosiderin was significantly more common in preeclampsia (45/76, 60%) and in cases clinically diagnosed as nonhypertensive abruptio placentae (21/33, 64%) than in premature membrane rupture (72/192, 37.5%) and preterm labor (58/161, 36%, p < 0.003). The incidence of placental lesions in preterm cases with extraplacental membrane hemosiderin was not different than it was in cases without hemosiderin. Placental lesions related to basal-plate decidual hemosiderin in the preterm cases were villous infarct (p < 0.0001), uteroplacental vessels with absence of physiologic change (p < 0.003) and increased numbers of circulating nucleated erythrocytes (p < 0.0007), uteroplacental thrombosis (p < 0.0001), and villous fibrosis (p < 0.0001) and hypovascularity (p < 0.0001). Among the preterm cases, 23 of 48 (48%) with first-trimester bleeding, 33 of 66 (50%) with second-trimester bleeding, and 31 of 64 (48%) with multiple episodes of bleeding had decidual hemosiderin (p < 0.0001). A clinical history of gestational bleeding was significantly less common in cases of preterm preeclampsia with histologic evidence of bleeding (four of 73, 5.5%) than in nonhypertensive abruptio placentae (18/31, 58%), premature rupture of membranes (52/183, 28%), or preterm labor (31/161, 19%, p < 0.0001). Hemosiderin was not related to clinical bleeding < 72 hours of delivery (p > 0.20)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abruptio Placentae",
"Decidua",
"Extraembryonic Membranes",
"Female",
"Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture",
"Hemosiderin",
"Humans",
"Obstetric Labor, Premature",
"Pre-Eclampsia",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications",
"Uterine Hemorrhage",
"Uterus"
]
} | Decidual bleeding is common in all clinical types of preterm birth and is most common in preterm preeclampsia and nonhypertensive abruption placentae. A clinical history of bleeding is not correlated with the presence of decidual hemosiderin. Bleeding in the basal plate is related to histologic evidence of chronic uteroplacental vascular pathologic processes, which in cases of spontaneous prematurity (premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, nonhypertensive abruptio placentae) may be associated with decidual bleeding which occasionally may be clinically manifested as gestational bleeding. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is histologic evidence of old intrauterine bleeding more frequent in prematurity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our purpose was to study the incidence and location of histologic evidence of intrauterine bleeding in preterm and term placentas.', \"A total of 462 consecutive placentas delivered at < 32 weeks' gestation, from which cases of placenta previa, stillbirth, and multiple gestation were excluded, were compared with 108 consecutive term placentas (with similar exclusion criteria) in regard to the presence of hemosiderin in decidua of basal plate or placental membranes. Of the 462 preterm cases, 448 charts made specific reference to the presence or absence of vaginal bleeding. Bloody show alone was not considered bleeding. The blinded scoring of lesions (including acute ascending infection, uteroplacental vascular pathologic processes and related ischemic damage, chronic inflammation, and coagulation related lesions) was analyzed by contingency tables (p < 0.05 significant).\", 'A total of 196 of 462 (43%) preterm placentas had any decidual hemosiderin compared with one of 108 (0.8%) at term (p < 0.00001). Among the preterm cases, hemosiderin was significantly more common in preeclampsia (45/76, 60%) and in cases clinically diagnosed as nonhypertensive abruptio placentae (21/33, 64%) than in premature membrane rupture (72/192, 37.5%) and preterm labor (58/161, 36%, p < 0.003). The incidence of placental lesions in preterm cases with extraplacental membrane hemosiderin was not different than it was in cases without hemosiderin. Placental lesions related to basal-plate decidual hemosiderin in the preterm cases were villous infarct (p < 0.0001), uteroplacental vessels with absence of physiologic change (p < 0.003) and increased numbers of circulating nucleated erythrocytes (p < 0.0007), uteroplacental thrombosis (p < 0.0001), and villous fibrosis (p < 0.0001) and hypovascularity (p < 0.0001). Among the preterm cases, 23 of 48 (48%) with first-trimester bleeding, 33 of 66 (50%) with second-trimester bleeding, and 31 of 64 (48%) with multiple episodes of bleeding had decidual hemosiderin (p < 0.0001). A clinical history of gestational bleeding was significantly less common in cases of preterm preeclampsia with histologic evidence of bleeding (four of 73, 5.5%) than in nonhypertensive abruptio placentae (18/31, 58%), premature rupture of membranes (52/183, 28%), or preterm labor (31/161, 19%, p < 0.0001). Hemosiderin was not related to clinical bleeding < 72 hours of delivery (p > 0.20).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abruptio Placentae', 'Decidua', 'Extraembryonic Membranes', 'Female', 'Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture', 'Hemosiderin', 'Humans', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Uterine Hemorrhage', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,472,959 | Do early postoperative alterations in infant energy use increase the risk of overfeeding? | {
"contexts": [
"Energy needs in infants are decreased after surgery because of growth inhibition (resulting from catabolic stress metabolism), decreased insensible losses, and inactivity. Using standardized formulas that account for growth, activity, and insensible losses during this stress period can lead to overfeeding in excess of 200% of the actual measured requirement. Overfeeding during this acute injury period can result in increased CO2 production from lipogenesis. This study determined the effects of a reduced rate of mixed caloric repletion on infant energy use during the early postoperative period.",
"C-reactive protein (CRP), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), measured energy expenditure (MEE), and total urinary nitrogen (TUN) were measured serially in seven infants (average age, 78 days) during the first 72 hours after abdominal or thoracic surgery. Nonprotein respiratory quotient (RQnp), and values for oxidation of carbohydrate (Ce) and fat (Fe) were calculated. Injury severity was stratified based on serum CRP concentrations of > or = 6.0 mg/dL (high stress) or < 6.0 mg/dL (low stress). Recovery from acute stress was analyzed by comparing studies in which CRP had decreased to < or = 2.0 mg/dL (resolving stress group) with those in which CRP values were greater than 2.0 mg/dL (acute stress group).",
"Average total caloric intake (64.56 +/- 18.51 kcal/kg/d; approximately 50% of predicted energy requirement) exceeded average MEE (42.90 +/- 9.98 kcal/kg/d) by approximately 50%. Average TUN was 0.18 +/- 0.07 g/kg/d (high stress 0.2 +/- 0.05 versus low stress 0.16 +/- 0.09 g/kg/d). Average RQnp was 1.05 +/- 0.13 and average Ce was 37.28 +/- 16.86 kcal/kg/d. The average calculated Fe was 0.0 +/- 12.27 kcal/kg/d, reflecting approximately equal amounts of fat oxidized compared with fat generated from excess glucose (lipogenesis). When individual studies were analyzed at a CRP cutpoint of 2.0 mg/dL, overfeeding (RQ > 1.0) was significantly less likely in the resolving (2/6 studies, 33.4%) versus acute stress (9/13 studies, 69.2%, Z test P < .001) group. Five of seven (5/7) patients (9/19 individual studies) had negative Fe values (average -9.89 +/- 10.02) reflecting net lipogenesis. The RQnp for these nine studies was 1.14 +/- 0.11 versus 0.97 +/- 0.09 for the remaining 10, and this difference was significant (P < .01). A significant correlation existed between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6951, P < .01). In addition, there was a good correlation between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6591, P < .01). The coefficient of variation for MEE was 8.0% (low stress) versus 30.2% (high stress)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdomen",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Carbon Dioxide",
"Dietary Carbohydrates",
"Dietary Fats",
"Energy Intake",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Glucose",
"Growth",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant Food",
"Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena",
"Lipids",
"Motor Activity",
"Nitrogen",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Postoperative Period",
"Respiration",
"Risk Factors",
"Stress, Physiological",
"Surgical Procedures, Operative",
"Thoracic Surgery"
]
} | Lipogenesis with increased CO2 production is substantial, even at reduced caloric delivery rates that exceeded MEE by only 50%, during the early postoperative acute metabolic stress period in infants. These data suggest that caloric requirements during stress are likely equal to or only minimally in excess of actual MEE. Intersubject variability, especially in more severely stressed infants, underscores the importance of serial measurements of energy expenditure to enable precise caloric delivery and avoid overfeeding. In the absence of calorimetric measurement, the data suggest that PBMR (predicted basal metabolic rate) should be used to estimate caloric delivery until CRP values are < or = 2.0 mg/dL. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do early postoperative alterations in infant energy use increase the risk of overfeeding?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Energy needs in infants are decreased after surgery because of growth inhibition (resulting from catabolic stress metabolism), decreased insensible losses, and inactivity. Using standardized formulas that account for growth, activity, and insensible losses during this stress period can lead to overfeeding in excess of 200% of the actual measured requirement. Overfeeding during this acute injury period can result in increased CO2 production from lipogenesis. This study determined the effects of a reduced rate of mixed caloric repletion on infant energy use during the early postoperative period.', 'C-reactive protein (CRP), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), measured energy expenditure (MEE), and total urinary nitrogen (TUN) were measured serially in seven infants (average age, 78 days) during the first 72 hours after abdominal or thoracic surgery. Nonprotein respiratory quotient (RQnp), and values for oxidation of carbohydrate (Ce) and fat (Fe) were calculated. Injury severity was stratified based on serum CRP concentrations of > or = 6.0 mg/dL (high stress) or < 6.0 mg/dL (low stress). Recovery from acute stress was analyzed by comparing studies in which CRP had decreased to < or = 2.0 mg/dL (resolving stress group) with those in which CRP values were greater than 2.0 mg/dL (acute stress group).', 'Average total caloric intake (64.56 +/- 18.51 kcal/kg/d; approximately 50% of predicted energy requirement) exceeded average MEE (42.90 +/- 9.98 kcal/kg/d) by approximately 50%. Average TUN was 0.18 +/- 0.07 g/kg/d (high stress 0.2 +/- 0.05 versus low stress 0.16 +/- 0.09 g/kg/d). Average RQnp was 1.05 +/- 0.13 and average Ce was 37.28 +/- 16.86 kcal/kg/d. The average calculated Fe was 0.0 +/- 12.27 kcal/kg/d, reflecting approximately equal amounts of fat oxidized compared with fat generated from excess glucose (lipogenesis). When individual studies were analyzed at a CRP cutpoint of 2.0 mg/dL, overfeeding (RQ > 1.0) was significantly less likely in the resolving (2/6 studies, 33.4%) versus acute stress (9/13 studies, 69.2%, Z test P < .001) group. Five of seven (5/7) patients (9/19 individual studies) had negative Fe values (average -9.89 +/- 10.02) reflecting net lipogenesis. The RQnp for these nine studies was 1.14 +/- 0.11 versus 0.97 +/- 0.09 for the remaining 10, and this difference was significant (P < .01). A significant correlation existed between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6951, P < .01). In addition, there was a good correlation between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6591, P < .01). The coefficient of variation for MEE was 8.0% (low stress) versus 30.2% (high stress).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdomen', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Dietary Fats', 'Energy Intake', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Glucose', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Food', 'Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Lipids', 'Motor Activity', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Postoperative Period', 'Respiration', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Thoracic Surgery']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,661 | Do antibody-targeted lymphokine-activated killer cells inhibit liver micrometastases in severe combined immunodeficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal models for hepatic metastases can facilitate the investigation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-based immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells in inhibiting hepatic micrometastases.",
"Hepatic micrometastases were generated after the intrasplenic injection of HM7 colon carcinoma cells. TAG72 expression was detected in these hepatic micrometastases using ccM4 antibody. The ccM4 antibody was conjugated onto LAK cells by treatment with 17.5% polyethylene glycol 8000. After the intrasplenic injection of HM7 cells, severe combined immunodeficient mice were randomized into five groups (i-v) and received either 10(7) ccM4-LAK cells plus 1000 U interleukin 2 (IL-2; group i), LAK cells plus 50 micrograms ccM4 and IL-2 (group ii), LAK cells plus IL-2 (group iii), IL-2 alone (group iv), or only phosphate-buffered saline (group v).",
"The ccM4-LAK cells retained cytolytic activity and acquired TAG72-binding reactivity. The results showed that group i had significantly fewer hepatic metastases compared with group ii or group iii (P < 0.05) and even fewer hepatic metastases compared with group iv or group v (P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Neoplasm",
"Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Humans",
"Immunotherapy, Adoptive",
"Interleukin-2",
"Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated",
"Liver Neoplasms, Experimental",
"Mice",
"Mice, SCID",
"Neoplasm Transplantation",
"Random Allocation"
]
} | These results show that ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo; thus, they can be potentially useful in treatment of hepatic micrometastases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do antibody-targeted lymphokine-activated killer cells inhibit liver micrometastases in severe combined immunodeficient mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Animal models for hepatic metastases can facilitate the investigation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-based immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells in inhibiting hepatic micrometastases.', 'Hepatic micrometastases were generated after the intrasplenic injection of HM7 colon carcinoma cells. TAG72 expression was detected in these hepatic micrometastases using ccM4 antibody. The ccM4 antibody was conjugated onto LAK cells by treatment with 17.5% polyethylene glycol 8000. After the intrasplenic injection of HM7 cells, severe combined immunodeficient mice were randomized into five groups (i-v) and received either 10(7) ccM4-LAK cells plus 1000 U interleukin 2 (IL-2; group i), LAK cells plus 50 micrograms ccM4 and IL-2 (group ii), LAK cells plus IL-2 (group iii), IL-2 alone (group iv), or only phosphate-buffered saline (group v).', 'The ccM4-LAK cells retained cytolytic activity and acquired TAG72-binding reactivity. The results showed that group i had significantly fewer hepatic metastases compared with group ii or group iii (P < 0.05) and even fewer hepatic metastases compared with group iv or group v (P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neoplasm', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Interleukin-2', 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Random Allocation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,662 | Does rat Kupffer cell-derived nitric oxide modulate induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide is now recognized to regulate immune responses and cell viability in various organs. The present study was designed to clarify whether NO released from Kupffer cells modulates the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-treated splenocytes.",
"Splenocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated from male Wistar rats and cocultured for 48 hours in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/mL). The splenocyte LAK activity and expression of IL-2 receptor were determined.",
"Kupffer cells with lipopolysaccharide reduced the IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity of splenocytes. The addition of either NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, or aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, to the medium reversed the suppression of IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells. 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and NO donors decreased the splenocyte LAK activity and IL-2 receptor expression. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide increased the inducible NO synthase activity as well as the nitrite and nitrate levels in the culture medium of Kupffer cells but not in splenocytes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic",
"Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Male",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptors, Interleukin-2"
]
} | The results of this study suggest that NO produced by the inducible NO synthase of Kupffer cells in response to lipopolysaccharide modulates the IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity of splenocytes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rat Kupffer cell-derived nitric oxide modulate induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nitric oxide is now recognized to regulate immune responses and cell viability in various organs. The present study was designed to clarify whether NO released from Kupffer cells modulates the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-treated splenocytes.', 'Splenocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated from male Wistar rats and cocultured for 48 hours in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/mL). The splenocyte LAK activity and expression of IL-2 receptor were determined.', \"Kupffer cells with lipopolysaccharide reduced the IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity of splenocytes. The addition of either NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, or aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, to the medium reversed the suppression of IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells. 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and NO donors decreased the splenocyte LAK activity and IL-2 receptor expression. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide increased the inducible NO synthase activity as well as the nitrite and nitrate levels in the culture medium of Kupffer cells but not in splenocytes.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,664 | Does intraileal carbohydrate regulate canine postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and upper gut motility? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of nutrients in the distal small intestine or colon on postprandial upper gut function is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine if carbohydrate in the ileum or proximal colon of dogs affects postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion, gastrointestinal transit, and circulating concentrations of certain gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.",
"Seven dogs were prepared with permanent infusion and aspiration catheters in the duodenum and ileum and an infusion catheter in the cecum. Coincident with eating a meal containing liquid and solid markers, ileal or colonic (n = 5 dogs for each) infusion were begun of isosmolar 0.9% NaCl or carbohydrate in a 3:1 ratio of starch to glucose. Pancreatic enzyme output, bile acid delivery, gastrointestinal polypeptide, and plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, and peptide YY were measured for 6 hours postprandially.",
"Carbohydrate infusion in the ileum, but not in the proximal colon, increased amylase secretion and plasma peptide YY, slowed gastric emptying of liquids and solids, slowed small intestinal transit, and decreased bile acid delivery into the duodenum (P < 0.05 in each)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amylases",
"Animals",
"Bile",
"Bile Acids and Salts",
"Carbohydrate Metabolism",
"Colon",
"Dogs",
"Eating",
"Gastrointestinal Hormones",
"Gastrointestinal Motility",
"Gastrointestinal Transit",
"Ileum",
"Neurotensin",
"Pancreas",
"Pancreatic Polypeptide",
"Peptide YY",
"Peptides"
]
} | Carbohydrate in the ileum regulates postprandial exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion and other postprandial upper gut functions. Peptide YY may play a role in this regulation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intraileal carbohydrate regulate canine postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and upper gut motility?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effect of nutrients in the distal small intestine or colon on postprandial upper gut function is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine if carbohydrate in the ileum or proximal colon of dogs affects postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion, gastrointestinal transit, and circulating concentrations of certain gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.', 'Seven dogs were prepared with permanent infusion and aspiration catheters in the duodenum and ileum and an infusion catheter in the cecum. Coincident with eating a meal containing liquid and solid markers, ileal or colonic (n = 5 dogs for each) infusion were begun of isosmolar 0.9% NaCl or carbohydrate in a 3:1 ratio of starch to glucose. Pancreatic enzyme output, bile acid delivery, gastrointestinal polypeptide, and plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, and peptide YY were measured for 6 hours postprandially.', 'Carbohydrate infusion in the ileum, but not in the proximal colon, increased amylase secretion and plasma peptide YY, slowed gastric emptying of liquids and solids, slowed small intestinal transit, and decreased bile acid delivery into the duodenum (P < 0.05 in each).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amylases', 'Animals', 'Bile', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Colon', 'Dogs', 'Eating', 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Ileum', 'Neurotensin', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Polypeptide', 'Peptide YY', 'Peptides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,272 | Does induction of heat shock protein 72 prevent neutrophil-mediated human endothelial cell necrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the hypothesis that induction of heat shock proteins in human endothelial cells (ECs) by either heat shock or sodium arsenite could prevent subsequent EC necrosis induced by activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs).",
"Cultures of ECs were exposed to heat shock (42 degrees C, 30 to 60 minutes) or sodium arsenite (40 to 320 mumol/L) for 6 hours to induce the expression of a heat shock protein of 72-kd molecular weight (HSP-72). Activated PMNs were subsequently added to these ECs for 24 hours to evaluate the ability of HSP-72 to prevent activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis.",
"Neither EC necrosis nor apoptosis was induced by heat shock. Sodium arsenite (40 to 80 mumol/L) did not induce EC necrosis, although 320-mumol/L sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in EC necrosis. Sodium arsenite (80 to 320 mumol/L) also induced dose-dependent EC apoptosis. Endothelial cells exposed to heat shock and sodium arsenite (40 and 80 mumol/L) significantly attenuated subsequent EC necrosis induced by activated PMNs. However, sodium arsenite at 320 mumol/L aggravated activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis. Expression of HSP-72 was detected after ECs were treated both with heat shock and sodium arsenite (40 to 320 mumol/L) for 6 hours."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Arsenites",
"Endothelium",
"HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Heat-Shock Response",
"Humans",
"Necrosis",
"Neutrophils",
"Respiratory Burst",
"Sodium Compounds"
]
} | Induction of HSP-72 in ECs by a thermal or nonthermal mechanism could prevent activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis, which may favor increased vascular permeability during systemic inflammatory response syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does induction of heat shock protein 72 prevent neutrophil-mediated human endothelial cell necrosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the hypothesis that induction of heat shock proteins in human endothelial cells (ECs) by either heat shock or sodium arsenite could prevent subsequent EC necrosis induced by activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs).', 'Cultures of ECs were exposed to heat shock (42 degrees C, 30 to 60 minutes) or sodium arsenite (40 to 320 mumol/L) for 6 hours to induce the expression of a heat shock protein of 72-kd molecular weight (HSP-72). Activated PMNs were subsequently added to these ECs for 24 hours to evaluate the ability of HSP-72 to prevent activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis.', 'Neither EC necrosis nor apoptosis was induced by heat shock. Sodium arsenite (40 to 80 mumol/L) did not induce EC necrosis, although 320-mumol/L sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in EC necrosis. Sodium arsenite (80 to 320 mumol/L) also induced dose-dependent EC apoptosis. Endothelial cells exposed to heat shock and sodium arsenite (40 and 80 mumol/L) significantly attenuated subsequent EC necrosis induced by activated PMNs. However, sodium arsenite at 320 mumol/L aggravated activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis. Expression of HSP-72 was detected after ECs were treated both with heat shock and sodium arsenite (40 to 320 mumol/L) for 6 hours.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Arsenites', 'Endothelium', 'HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Humans', 'Necrosis', 'Neutrophils', 'Respiratory Burst', 'Sodium Compounds']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,277 | Does polymyxin B prevent increased sympathetic activity and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor release in parenterally fed rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of polymyxin B sulfate in rats fed by total parenteral nutrition on norepinephrine excretion, macrophage tumor necrosis factor production, and bacterial translocation.",
"Randomized animal study.",
"A university teaching hospital in Seattle, Wash.",
"Three groups of rats were studied: chow plus intravenous saline, total parenteral nutrition, or total parenteral nutrition supplemented with polymyxin B sulfate. After 5 days, urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine was calculated, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were cultured, and their spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor production was measured. Mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured for bacteria.",
"Rats fed by total parenteral nutrition had increased urine norepinephrine excretion (33%) and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production (80%) and trends for increased epinephrine excretion and bacterial translocation compared with rats fed chow. Alveolar but not peritoneal macrophage tumor necrosis factor production was significantly related to norepinephrine excretion (r = .5, P < .01). The addition of polymyxin B to total parenteral nutrition decreased weight gain (P < .05), urinary norepinephrine excretion (P < .01), and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production (P < .05) compared with rats fed by total parenteral nutrition. Polymyxin B also tended to decrease the magnitude of bacterial translocation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bacterial Translocation",
"Body Weight",
"Macrophages, Alveolar",
"Male",
"Norepinephrine",
"Parenteral Nutrition, Total",
"Polymyxin B",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Sympathetic Nervous System",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production appears to be influenced by sympathetic nervous activity. Total parenteral nutrition-induced endotoxemia may indirectly alter macrophage function by stimulating sympathetic nervous activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does polymyxin B prevent increased sympathetic activity and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor release in parenterally fed rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the effects of polymyxin B sulfate in rats fed by total parenteral nutrition on norepinephrine excretion, macrophage tumor necrosis factor production, and bacterial translocation.', 'Randomized animal study.', 'A university teaching hospital in Seattle, Wash.', 'Three groups of rats were studied: chow plus intravenous saline, total parenteral nutrition, or total parenteral nutrition supplemented with polymyxin B sulfate. After 5 days, urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine was calculated, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were cultured, and their spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor production was measured. Mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured for bacteria.', 'Rats fed by total parenteral nutrition had increased urine norepinephrine excretion (33%) and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production (80%) and trends for increased epinephrine excretion and bacterial translocation compared with rats fed chow. Alveolar but not peritoneal macrophage tumor necrosis factor production was significantly related to norepinephrine excretion (r = .5, P < .01). The addition of polymyxin B to total parenteral nutrition decreased weight gain (P < .05), urinary norepinephrine excretion (P < .01), and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production (P < .05) compared with rats fed by total parenteral nutrition. Polymyxin B also tended to decrease the magnitude of bacterial translocation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Body Weight', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Polymyxin B', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,735 | Does age correlate with increased frequency of high risk factors in elderly patients with thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Age and certain pathologic features (ie, follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension) are reported to impact on prognosis in thyroid cancer, but the relationship between these two factors remains incompletely defined.",
"Clinical, pathologic, therapeutic, prognostic, and outcome data were retrospectively collected and compared among three groups of patients with thyroid cancer: group 1 (age 21 to 50), group 2 (age 51 to 70), and group 3 (age greater than 70).",
"There was a statistically significant age-related decrement in survival: 10-year survival was 92% in group 1, 77% in group 2, and 48% in group 3. Follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension were more frequently observed in group 3 versus group 2 and in group 2 versus group 1 (all differences statistically significant except for vascular invasion). Although survival was significantly less for group 3 versus group 2 versus group 1, only vascular invasion and extracapsular extension independently predicted outcome by multivariate analysis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma, Follicular",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Vessels",
"Carcinoma",
"Carcinoma, Papillary",
"Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular",
"Child",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Forecasting",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Survival Rate",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Thyroidectomy",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The prognostic importance of age in thyroid cancer may be due to the greater prevalence of pathologic risk factors in older patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does age correlate with increased frequency of high risk factors in elderly patients with thyroid cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Age and certain pathologic features (ie, follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension) are reported to impact on prognosis in thyroid cancer, but the relationship between these two factors remains incompletely defined.', 'Clinical, pathologic, therapeutic, prognostic, and outcome data were retrospectively collected and compared among three groups of patients with thyroid cancer: group 1 (age 21 to 50), group 2 (age 51 to 70), and group 3 (age greater than 70).', 'There was a statistically significant age-related decrement in survival: 10-year survival was 92% in group 1, 77% in group 2, and 48% in group 3. Follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension were more frequently observed in group 3 versus group 2 and in group 2 versus group 1 (all differences statistically significant except for vascular invasion). Although survival was significantly less for group 3 versus group 2 versus group 1, only vascular invasion and extracapsular extension independently predicted outcome by multivariate analysis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma, Follicular', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Vessels', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular', 'Child', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,835 | Are extended resections beneficial for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Locally advanced colorectal cancer often requires extended resection to radically remove all tumor. This is the only chance for cure in these patients, but a higher complication rate would be expected. To evaluate the overall benefit for the patient, this study assesses morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival of patients who underwent extended resection for a T3-T4 carcinoma.",
"Two hundred twenty patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the colorectum were included. One hundred fifty presented with a T3 and 70 with a T4 tumor. Eighty-three patients underwent extended resection. In 38 patients extended en bloc resection was performed because of inflammatory adherence mimicking infiltration. Thirty-three patients who underwent extended resections were over 70 years of age. There were no significant differences between the groups that underwent extended or nonextended resections in age, sex, stage, or grading.",
"pT4 lesions were significantly more frequent in the extended resection group than in the nonextended resection group. Mean survival was 44 months after extended resections and 45 months after nonextended resections. In the extended resection group there was no significant difference in mean survival between pT3 and pT4 stage patients within 46 and 38 months, respectively. In patients who underwent nonextended resections, however, there was a significant difference in mean survival within 48 months for pT3 and 28 for pT4 patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were comparable between the extended resection group and the non-extended resection group. The presence of residual tumor influenced prognosis of patients significantly; R0 resections fared significantly better than patients who underwent R1 or R2 resections (55 and 51 to 14/12 and 23/8 months) (P < 0.01). Nodal stage and International Union Against Cancer stage were also significant determinants of prognosis. After extended resections mean survival morbidity and 30-day mortality in patients more than 70 years was similar to those less than 70 years."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Blood Loss, Surgical",
"Colectomy",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Prognosis",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Rectum",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sigmoid Neoplasms",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | Because extended resections can achieve comparable results in locally more advanced colorectal cancer as nonextended resections in less advanced cancer, an aggressive surgical approach is warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are extended resections beneficial for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Locally advanced colorectal cancer often requires extended resection to radically remove all tumor. This is the only chance for cure in these patients, but a higher complication rate would be expected. To evaluate the overall benefit for the patient, this study assesses morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival of patients who underwent extended resection for a T3-T4 carcinoma.', 'Two hundred twenty patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the colorectum were included. One hundred fifty presented with a T3 and 70 with a T4 tumor. Eighty-three patients underwent extended resection. In 38 patients extended en bloc resection was performed because of inflammatory adherence mimicking infiltration. Thirty-three patients who underwent extended resections were over 70 years of age. There were no significant differences between the groups that underwent extended or nonextended resections in age, sex, stage, or grading.', 'pT4 lesions were significantly more frequent in the extended resection group than in the nonextended resection group. Mean survival was 44 months after extended resections and 45 months after nonextended resections. In the extended resection group there was no significant difference in mean survival between pT3 and pT4 stage patients within 46 and 38 months, respectively. In patients who underwent nonextended resections, however, there was a significant difference in mean survival within 48 months for pT3 and 28 for pT4 patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were comparable between the extended resection group and the non-extended resection group. The presence of residual tumor influenced prognosis of patients significantly; R0 resections fared significantly better than patients who underwent R1 or R2 resections (55 and 51 to 14/12 and 23/8 months) (P < 0.01). Nodal stage and International Union Against Cancer stage were also significant determinants of prognosis. After extended resections mean survival morbidity and 30-day mortality in patients more than 70 years was similar to those less than 70 years.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Colectomy', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Rectum', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sigmoid Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,836 | Is sucrase-isomaltase an independent prognostic marker for colorectal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is significantly enhanced during neoplastic transformation of colonic epithelium. Our study was designed to determine whether expression of SI within primary tumors was significantly associated with survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).",
"SI expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections from 182 Stage I to III CRC that had been resected for cure at the New England Deaconess Hospital between 1965 and 1977. Expression was scored as absent or present in 1 to 50 percent or more than 50 percent of tumor cells. Associations were explored among SI expression, other clinical or pathologic variables, and overall survival. The data set is mature, with 91 (56 percent) patients who had died of CRC at a median follow-up of 96 months.",
"Fifty-five percent of primary CRC expressed SI. When the multivariate Cox analysis was performed, nodal status, T stage, primary site, grade, and SI expression were independent covariates. SI expression was not associated with the expression of other clinicopathologic variables but increased the risk of death from colorectal carcinoma by 1.83-fold."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"Colon",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sucrase",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | These results indicate that SI is a prognostic marker for CRC that is independent of stage-related variables in patients who have undergone potentially curative resections. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sucrase-isomaltase an independent prognostic marker for colorectal carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Expression of disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is significantly enhanced during neoplastic transformation of colonic epithelium. Our study was designed to determine whether expression of SI within primary tumors was significantly associated with survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).', 'SI expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections from 182 Stage I to III CRC that had been resected for cure at the New England Deaconess Hospital between 1965 and 1977. Expression was scored as absent or present in 1 to 50 percent or more than 50 percent of tumor cells. Associations were explored among SI expression, other clinical or pathologic variables, and overall survival. The data set is mature, with 91 (56 percent) patients who had died of CRC at a median follow-up of 96 months.', 'Fifty-five percent of primary CRC expressed SI. When the multivariate Cox analysis was performed, nodal status, T stage, primary site, grade, and SI expression were independent covariates. SI expression was not associated with the expression of other clinicopathologic variables but increased the risk of death from colorectal carcinoma by 1.83-fold.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sucrase', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,477,221 | Do a national survey of the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the growth of managed care in the United States, there is little information about the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians.",
"In 1994 we surveyed by telephone 138 managed-care plans that were selected from 20 metropolitan areas nationwide. Of the 108 plans that responded, 29 were group-model or staff-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 50 were network or independent-practice-association (IPA) HMOs, and 29 were preferred-provider organizations (PPOs).",
"Respondents from all three types of plan said they emphasized careful selection of physicians, although the group or staff HMOs tended to have more demanding requirements, such as board certification or eligibility. Sixty-one percent of the plans responded that physicians' previous patterns of costs or utilization of resources had little influence on their selection; 26 percent said these factors had a moderate influence; and 13 percent said they had a large influence. Some risk sharing with physicians was typical in the HMOs but rare in the PPOs. Fifty-six percent of the network or IPA HMOs used capitation as the predominant method of paying primary care physicians, as compared with 34 percent of the group or staff HMOs and 7 percent of the PPOs. More than half the HMOs reported adjusting payments according to utilization or cost patterns, patient complaints, and measures of the quality of care. Ninety-two percent of the network or IPA HMOs and 61 percent of the group or staff HMOs required their patients to select a primary care physician, who was responsible for most referrals to specialists. About three quarters of the HMOs and 31 percent of the PPOs reported using studies of the outcomes of medical care as part of their quality-improvement programs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Capitation Fee",
"Data Collection",
"Health Maintenance Organizations",
"Independent Practice Associations",
"Managed Care Programs",
"Physicians",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Preferred Provider Organizations",
"Salaries and Fringe Benefits",
"United States",
"Utilization Review"
]
} | Managed-care plans, particularly HMOs, have complex systems for selecting, paying, and monitoring their physicians. Hybrid forms are common, and the differences between group or staff HMOs and network or IPA HMOs are less extensive than is commonly assumed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a national survey of the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite the growth of managed care in the United States, there is little information about the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians.', 'In 1994 we surveyed by telephone 138 managed-care plans that were selected from 20 metropolitan areas nationwide. Of the 108 plans that responded, 29 were group-model or staff-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 50 were network or independent-practice-association (IPA) HMOs, and 29 were preferred-provider organizations (PPOs).', \"Respondents from all three types of plan said they emphasized careful selection of physicians, although the group or staff HMOs tended to have more demanding requirements, such as board certification or eligibility. Sixty-one percent of the plans responded that physicians' previous patterns of costs or utilization of resources had little influence on their selection; 26 percent said these factors had a moderate influence; and 13 percent said they had a large influence. Some risk sharing with physicians was typical in the HMOs but rare in the PPOs. Fifty-six percent of the network or IPA HMOs used capitation as the predominant method of paying primary care physicians, as compared with 34 percent of the group or staff HMOs and 7 percent of the PPOs. More than half the HMOs reported adjusting payments according to utilization or cost patterns, patient complaints, and measures of the quality of care. Ninety-two percent of the network or IPA HMOs and 61 percent of the group or staff HMOs required their patients to select a primary care physician, who was responsible for most referrals to specialists. About three quarters of the HMOs and 31 percent of the PPOs reported using studies of the outcomes of medical care as part of their quality-improvement programs.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Capitation Fee', 'Data Collection', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Independent Practice Associations', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Physicians', \"Practice Patterns, Physicians'\", 'Preferred Provider Organizations', 'Salaries and Fringe Benefits', 'United States', 'Utilization Review']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,481,523 | Do low doses of pentagastrin stimulate gastric lipase secretion in man? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric lipase is an important enzyme for dietary triglyceride digestion in normal subjects. Its regulation is unknown, as is the relation between the quantity and activity of the enzyme.",
"In a dose-response study we investigated the effect of low doses of pentagastrin (less than 1000 ng/kg/h) on the output of gastric lipase measured by a kinetic assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).",
"In five healthy volunteers stepwise intravenous pentagastrin infusions of 0, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/kg/h resulted in a stepwise increase in the lipase output, as measured with ELISA. However, the lipolytic activity, measured with a kinetic assay, decreased as the pH of the gastric contents decreased."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Gastric Juice",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Lipase",
"Male",
"Pentagastrin"
]
} | We conclude that secretion of the gastric lipase is stimulated by pentagastrin, but the simultaneous secretion of acid counteracts the lipolytic activity of the enzyme when food is not present. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do low doses of pentagastrin stimulate gastric lipase secretion in man?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gastric lipase is an important enzyme for dietary triglyceride digestion in normal subjects. Its regulation is unknown, as is the relation between the quantity and activity of the enzyme.', 'In a dose-response study we investigated the effect of low doses of pentagastrin (less than 1000 ng/kg/h) on the output of gastric lipase measured by a kinetic assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).', 'In five healthy volunteers stepwise intravenous pentagastrin infusions of 0, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/kg/h resulted in a stepwise increase in the lipase output, as measured with ELISA. However, the lipolytic activity, measured with a kinetic assay, decreased as the pH of the gastric contents decreased.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Gastric Juice', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Lipase', 'Male', 'Pentagastrin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,481,525 | Does cluster analysis of Helicobacter pylori genomic DNA fingerprints suggest gastroduodenal disease-specific associations? | {
"contexts": [
"Helicobacter pylori infection is now accepted as the most common cause of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The etiologies of many infectious diseases have been attributed to specific or clonal strains of bacterial pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA between repetitive DNA sequences, REP elements (REP-PCR), has been utilized to generate DNA fingerprints to examine similarity among strains within a bacterial species.",
"Genomic DNA from H. pylori isolates obtained from 70 individuals (39 duodenal ulcers and 31 simple gastritis) was PCR-amplified using consensus probes to repetitive DNA elements. The H. pylori DNA fingerprints were analyzed for similarity and correlated with disease presentation using the NTSYS-pc computer program.",
"Each H. pylori strain had a distinct DNA fingerprint except for two pairs. Single-colony DNA fingerprints of H. pylori from the same patient were identical, suggesting that each patient harbors a single strain. Computer-assisted cluster analysis of the REP-PCR DNA fingerprints showed two large clusters of isolates, one associated with simple gastritis and the other with duodenal ulcer disease."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cluster Analysis",
"DNA Fingerprinting",
"Duodenal Ulcer",
"Female",
"Gastritis",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Reproducibility of Results"
]
} | Cluster analysis of REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of H. pylori strains suggests that duodenal ulcer isolates, as a group, are more similar to one another and different from gastritis isolates. These results suggest that disease-specific strains may exist. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cluster analysis of Helicobacter pylori genomic DNA fingerprints suggest gastroduodenal disease-specific associations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Helicobacter pylori infection is now accepted as the most common cause of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The etiologies of many infectious diseases have been attributed to specific or clonal strains of bacterial pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA between repetitive DNA sequences, REP elements (REP-PCR), has been utilized to generate DNA fingerprints to examine similarity among strains within a bacterial species.', 'Genomic DNA from H. pylori isolates obtained from 70 individuals (39 duodenal ulcers and 31 simple gastritis) was PCR-amplified using consensus probes to repetitive DNA elements. The H. pylori DNA fingerprints were analyzed for similarity and correlated with disease presentation using the NTSYS-pc computer program.', 'Each H. pylori strain had a distinct DNA fingerprint except for two pairs. Single-colony DNA fingerprints of H. pylori from the same patient were identical, suggesting that each patient harbors a single strain. Computer-assisted cluster analysis of the REP-PCR DNA fingerprints showed two large clusters of isolates, one associated with simple gastritis and the other with duodenal ulcer disease.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reproducibility of Results']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,473,477 | Does interleukin-1 reversibly inhibit the synthesis of biglycan and decorin in intact articular cartilage in culture? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the synthesis of proteoglycans biglycan (DSPG-I) and decorin (DSPG-II) in intact bovine articular cartilage.",
"Cartilage bearing sesamoid bones from the metacarpophalangeal joint were cultured with 10 ng/ml IL-1 for 2 days and labelled with [35S] sulfate. One sesamoid bone from each animal had been labelled ex vivo. The remaining 2 were cultured with IL-1 and allowed to recover in control medium before labelling. Control cultures were maintained in medium without IL-1 and labelled concurrently with the experimental series. The dermatan sulfate proteoglycans were purified from 4 M guanidinium chloride extracts of the cartilage by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B and CL-4B, on which they appeared as a single peak. Biglycan and decorin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfide polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in high salt. Individual lanes from the gel were cut in slices, which were dissolved and counted for radioactivity.",
"Ex vivo, biglycan accounted for 4% and decorin for 2% of total incorporated sulfate. IL-1 reduced the synthesis of biglycan to 77% of the level of cultured controls and that of decorin to 73%. The synthesis of both proteoglycans returned to the control levels when the IL-1 was removed. IL-1 (10 ng/ml, 2 days) had no significant effect on total proteoglycan synthesis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biglycan",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Cattle",
"Chromatography, Agarose",
"Decorin",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Extracellular Matrix Proteins",
"Interleukin-1",
"Organ Culture Techniques",
"Proteoglycans",
"Sesamoid Bones",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The inhibition of synthesis of biglycan and decorin by IL-1 might be important in the pathophysiology of cartilage destruction in rheumatic diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interleukin-1 reversibly inhibit the synthesis of biglycan and decorin in intact articular cartilage in culture?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the synthesis of proteoglycans biglycan (DSPG-I) and decorin (DSPG-II) in intact bovine articular cartilage.', 'Cartilage bearing sesamoid bones from the metacarpophalangeal joint were cultured with 10 ng/ml IL-1 for 2 days and labelled with [35S] sulfate. One sesamoid bone from each animal had been labelled ex vivo. The remaining 2 were cultured with IL-1 and allowed to recover in control medium before labelling. Control cultures were maintained in medium without IL-1 and labelled concurrently with the experimental series. The dermatan sulfate proteoglycans were purified from 4 M guanidinium chloride extracts of the cartilage by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B and CL-4B, on which they appeared as a single peak. Biglycan and decorin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfide polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in high salt. Individual lanes from the gel were cut in slices, which were dissolved and counted for radioactivity.', 'Ex vivo, biglycan accounted for 4% and decorin for 2% of total incorporated sulfate. IL-1 reduced the synthesis of biglycan to 77% of the level of cultured controls and that of decorin to 73%. The synthesis of both proteoglycans returned to the control levels when the IL-1 was removed. IL-1 (10 ng/ml, 2 days) had no significant effect on total proteoglycan synthesis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biglycan', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Agarose', 'Decorin', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Interleukin-1', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Proteoglycans', 'Sesamoid Bones', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,463 | Is sepsis-induced acute lung injury attenuated by selectin blockade following the onset of sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of infusion with a dual-binding antibody to E- and L-selectin, EL-246, in a postonset model of sepsis.",
"Nonrandomized controlled study.",
"Young Yorkshire swine.",
"Three groups were studied. Controls (n = 8) received saline solution only. Untreated animals with sepsis (n = 8) received a 1-hour intravenous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Animals treated with EL-246 (n = 6) received the same bacterial infusion and a 2-mg/kg bolus of EL-246 at 30 minutes.",
"Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, arterial blood gas determination, bronchoalveolar lavage protein and neutrophil content, neutrophil integrin and selectin expression, neutrophil oxidant burst, and organ myeloperoxidase content.",
"Treatment with EL-246 significantly reduced lung injury, as indicated by improved bronchoalveolar lavage protein and neutrophil content, resulting in a significant improvement in arterial oxygenation. This reduction in lung injury was produced by a reduction in lung myeloperoxidase content. Treatment with EL-246 failed to prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension. Neutrophils from animals with sepsis exhibited significant activation and upregulation of CD18, shedding of L-selectin, and production of increased levels of oxidants compared with controls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies",
"Hemodynamics",
"Lung Diseases",
"Neutrophils",
"Selectins",
"Sepsis",
"Swine"
]
} | Treatment of animals with EL-246 soon the onset of sepsis produced significant protection against acute lung injury but failed to attenuate hemodynamic derangements associated with sepsis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sepsis-induced acute lung injury attenuated by selectin blockade following the onset of sepsis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the effect of infusion with a dual-binding antibody to E- and L-selectin, EL-246, in a postonset model of sepsis.', 'Nonrandomized controlled study.', 'Young Yorkshire swine.', 'Three groups were studied. Controls (n = 8) received saline solution only. Untreated animals with sepsis (n = 8) received a 1-hour intravenous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Animals treated with EL-246 (n = 6) received the same bacterial infusion and a 2-mg/kg bolus of EL-246 at 30 minutes.', 'Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, arterial blood gas determination, bronchoalveolar lavage protein and neutrophil content, neutrophil integrin and selectin expression, neutrophil oxidant burst, and organ myeloperoxidase content.', 'Treatment with EL-246 significantly reduced lung injury, as indicated by improved bronchoalveolar lavage protein and neutrophil content, resulting in a significant improvement in arterial oxygenation. This reduction in lung injury was produced by a reduction in lung myeloperoxidase content. Treatment with EL-246 failed to prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension. Neutrophils from animals with sepsis exhibited significant activation and upregulation of CD18, shedding of L-selectin, and production of increased levels of oxidants compared with controls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Hemodynamics', 'Lung Diseases', 'Neutrophils', 'Selectins', 'Sepsis', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,461 | Is tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human peritoneal macrophages suppressed by extra-abdominal trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Trauma is believed to activate immunocytes but paradoxically also increases the risk of intraperitoneal infection.",
"To investigate these events by evaluating changes in the cytokine control networks of human peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) early after trauma.",
"Case-control study comparing cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PM phi from patients with extra-abdominal trauma with that of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and PM phi obtained from healthy individuals.",
"Level I trauma center and basic science laboratory in a university hospital center.",
"Six patients with polytrauma (Injury Severity Score, > or = 15) with clinically negative diagnostic peritoneal lavages performed on routine indications at admission to the emergency department and six healthy age- and sex-matched individuals undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia.",
"Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from diagnostic peritoneal lavages in trauma patients. Identical lavages were performed through the hernia sac in the control group.",
"Cellular RNA was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 message by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.",
"Normal PM phi expressed high levels of TNF-alpha mRNA relative to PBM, but expression of the other proinflammatory cytokines was equivalent to that of PBM. Peritoneal macrophage expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was markedly (64-fold) decreased after trauma (P < .001), when PBM expression of IL-10 mRNA was increased (P = .03)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Peritoneum",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Human PM phi constitutively show high levels of TNF-alpha message expression, and this is down-regulated by polytrauma. This might constitute a functionally "primed" state. If so, TNF-alpha down-regulation might contribute to functional PM phi suppression after systemic injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human peritoneal macrophages suppressed by extra-abdominal trauma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Trauma is believed to activate immunocytes but paradoxically also increases the risk of intraperitoneal infection.', 'To investigate these events by evaluating changes in the cytokine control networks of human peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) early after trauma.', 'Case-control study comparing cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PM phi from patients with extra-abdominal trauma with that of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and PM phi obtained from healthy individuals.', 'Level I trauma center and basic science laboratory in a university hospital center.', 'Six patients with polytrauma (Injury Severity Score, > or = 15) with clinically negative diagnostic peritoneal lavages performed on routine indications at admission to the emergency department and six healthy age- and sex-matched individuals undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia.', 'Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from diagnostic peritoneal lavages in trauma patients. Identical lavages were performed through the hernia sac in the control group.', 'Cellular RNA was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 message by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.', 'Normal PM phi expressed high levels of TNF-alpha mRNA relative to PBM, but expression of the other proinflammatory cytokines was equivalent to that of PBM. Peritoneal macrophage expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was markedly (64-fold) decreased after trauma (P < .001), when PBM expression of IL-10 mRNA was increased (P = .03).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Peritoneum', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,467 | Is haemophilus pneumonia a common cause of early pulmonary dysfunction following trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Haemophilus species are a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia; however, their significance in posttraumatic pneumonia is unclear.",
"Case series.",
"University hospital, level I trauma center.",
"Two hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with blunt and penetrating trauma treated for pneumonia.",
"Length of stay in the intensive care unit, duration of ventilatory support, rate of recurrent or persistent pneumonia, and mortality.",
"Ninety-six (37%) of 257 patients treated for pneumonia had a Haemophilus species isolated on sputum culture. Of these 96 patients, 49 (51%) had only Haemophilus species, while 33 (34%) had associated gram-positive organisms and 14 (15%) had gram-negative organisms. Seventeen pure cultures (29%) and seven mixed cultures (15%) (P < .05) were beta-lactamase-positive trains. Compared with patients who had pneumonia caused by other bacteria, patients with Haemophilus species were younger (mean +/- SE, 35 +/- 1.7 vs 42 +/- 1.6 years; P < .05) and more severely injured (Injury Severity Score, 20.7 +/- 1.1 vs 17.5 +/- 0.9; P < .05). There were no differences in any outcome variables between the two groups. Only one (1%) of 96 patients had persistent Haemophilus species on sputum cultures after 7 days of treatment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Female",
"Haemophilus Infections",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Pneumonia, Bacterial",
"Wounds and Injuries"
]
} | Haemophilus species are a frequent cause of pneumonia following traumatic injury. This occurs primarily in the early postinjury phase and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of early posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is haemophilus pneumonia a common cause of early pulmonary dysfunction following trauma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Haemophilus species are a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia; however, their significance in posttraumatic pneumonia is unclear.', 'Case series.', 'University hospital, level I trauma center.', 'Two hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with blunt and penetrating trauma treated for pneumonia.', 'Length of stay in the intensive care unit, duration of ventilatory support, rate of recurrent or persistent pneumonia, and mortality.', 'Ninety-six (37%) of 257 patients treated for pneumonia had a Haemophilus species isolated on sputum culture. Of these 96 patients, 49 (51%) had only Haemophilus species, while 33 (34%) had associated gram-positive organisms and 14 (15%) had gram-negative organisms. Seventeen pure cultures (29%) and seven mixed cultures (15%) (P < .05) were beta-lactamase-positive trains. Compared with patients who had pneumonia caused by other bacteria, patients with Haemophilus species were younger (mean +/- SE, 35 +/- 1.7 vs 42 +/- 1.6 years; P < .05) and more severely injured (Injury Severity Score, 20.7 +/- 1.1 vs 17.5 +/- 0.9; P < .05). There were no differences in any outcome variables between the two groups. Only one (1%) of 96 patients had persistent Haemophilus species on sputum cultures after 7 days of treatment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Female', 'Haemophilus Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Wounds and Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,474,942 | Does cD26 expression in leprosy and other granulomatous diseases correlate with the production of interferon-gamma? | {
"contexts": [
"Leprosy represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that reflect the immune response to antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. The tuberculoid form of leprosy, which is characterized by an organized development of granulomas, has recently been correlated with a Th1-like immune response. The lepromatous form of leprosy, with a characteristic lack of cellular immunity, has been correlated with a Th2-like immune response to mycobacterial antigens. Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26) is an ectopeptidase that is expressed in various tissues; in the hemopoietic system, it is predominantly expressed by T cells.",
"We stained frozen sections of skin biopsies obtained from patients with different forms of leprosy, sarcoidosis, and Piringer's lymphadenitis. Sections were stained for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and CD26 with the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique and in two-color stainings by immunofluorescence.",
"We found strong signals for IFN-gamma and for CD26 in all investigated cases of tuberculoid leprosy. In contrast, in all biopsies taken from patients with lepromatous leprosy, we found no or very weak signals for these antigens. By immunofluorescence double-labeling, we could show that IFN-gamma and CD26 were expressed by the identical cell population. We confirmed this correlation of CD26 expression and IFN-gamma production in other granulomatous inflammatory reactions such as sarcoidosis and Piringer's lymphadenitis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Leprosy, Lepromatous",
"Leprosy, Tuberculoid",
"Lymphadenitis",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Skin",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer"
]
} | From our results, we conclude that a high expression of CD26 may be suggestive of Th1-like immune reactions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cD26 expression in leprosy and other granulomatous diseases correlate with the production of interferon-gamma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Leprosy represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that reflect the immune response to antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. The tuberculoid form of leprosy, which is characterized by an organized development of granulomas, has recently been correlated with a Th1-like immune response. The lepromatous form of leprosy, with a characteristic lack of cellular immunity, has been correlated with a Th2-like immune response to mycobacterial antigens. Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26) is an ectopeptidase that is expressed in various tissues; in the hemopoietic system, it is predominantly expressed by T cells.', \"We stained frozen sections of skin biopsies obtained from patients with different forms of leprosy, sarcoidosis, and Piringer's lymphadenitis. Sections were stained for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and CD26 with the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique and in two-color stainings by immunofluorescence.\", \"We found strong signals for IFN-gamma and for CD26 in all investigated cases of tuberculoid leprosy. In contrast, in all biopsies taken from patients with lepromatous leprosy, we found no or very weak signals for these antigens. By immunofluorescence double-labeling, we could show that IFN-gamma and CD26 were expressed by the identical cell population. We confirmed this correlation of CD26 expression and IFN-gamma production in other granulomatous inflammatory reactions such as sarcoidosis and Piringer's lymphadenitis.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Leprosy, Lepromatous', 'Leprosy, Tuberculoid', 'Lymphadenitis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Skin', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,655 | Does hansenula anomala killer toxin induce secretion and severe acute injury in the rat intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"The yeast Hansenula anomala has been associated with gastrointestinal symptomatology and damage to the intestinal wall in humans. In vitro and in vivo, H. anomala secretes a toxin, killer toxin, which is lethal to other microorganisms. In view of the very high rate of killer phenotype expression recorded for H. anomala strains in nature, this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that H. anomala killer toxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of H. anomala-induced enteritis.",
"Effects of active and heat-inactivated H. anomala killer toxin on intestinal fluid homeostasis and electrolyte balance were investigated in rat small intestine using a standard intestinal perfusion technique. Sections of the perfused jejunum tracts were examined histologically.",
"H. anomala killer toxin induced a significant secretion of water and electrolytes. No significant change was observed when either heat-inactivated H. anomala killer toxin or control growth medium were tested. Histological analysis showed ischemic degeneration of villi and sloughing of surface epithelium in 50% of active H. anomala killer toxin-perfused jejuna."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Body Fluids",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique",
"Homeostasis",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Intestine, Small",
"Ischemia",
"Jejunum",
"Male",
"Mycotoxins",
"Perfusion",
"Pichia",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Water-Electrolyte Balance"
]
} | This paper presents original observations compatible with the hypothesis that H. anomala killer toxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of H. anomala-induced enteritis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hansenula anomala killer toxin induce secretion and severe acute injury in the rat intestine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The yeast Hansenula anomala has been associated with gastrointestinal symptomatology and damage to the intestinal wall in humans. In vitro and in vivo, H. anomala secretes a toxin, killer toxin, which is lethal to other microorganisms. In view of the very high rate of killer phenotype expression recorded for H. anomala strains in nature, this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that H. anomala killer toxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of H. anomala-induced enteritis.', 'Effects of active and heat-inactivated H. anomala killer toxin on intestinal fluid homeostasis and electrolyte balance were investigated in rat small intestine using a standard intestinal perfusion technique. Sections of the perfused jejunum tracts were examined histologically.', 'H. anomala killer toxin induced a significant secretion of water and electrolytes. No significant change was observed when either heat-inactivated H. anomala killer toxin or control growth medium were tested. Histological analysis showed ischemic degeneration of villi and sloughing of surface epithelium in 50% of active H. anomala killer toxin-perfused jejuna.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Body Fluids', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Homeostasis', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Ischemia', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Mycotoxins', 'Perfusion', 'Pichia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,170 | Does heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity in skeletal muscle decrease with increased flow? | {
"contexts": [
"Effective material exchange between blood and tissue depends on the heterogeneity of microvascular flow. The objective was to address inconsistencies between intravital studies regarding this dependency. We tested the hypothesis that heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity (VRBC) in capillary beds varies with the strength of metabolic stimulus and with capillary bed geometry.",
"We used videomicroscopy to measure VRBC in a bed of 10-24 capillaries at the surface of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in anesthetized rats. The coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean; an index of spatial heterogeneity) was computed in the same bed before and after (i) 1, 2, 4, or 8 Hz supramaximal muscle contraction or (ii) adenosine superfusion (10(-7)-10(-3) M). Beds with or without arteriolar-venular capillary shunts were used.",
"Although control VRBC differed between beds (shunt: 232 microns/s; no shunt: 130 microns/s), the percentage increases in postcontraction VRBC did not (range: 111-326%). In both beds, control CV varied greatly (overall range: 28-117%) and 2-8 Hz muscle contractions reduced CV significantly by 25%. Similar results were obtained for adenosine. In confirmatory experiments using the rat cremaster muscle, contractions (4 Hz) and adenosine (10(-4) M) also reduced CV. Based on all data, CV = 63-0.022 VRBC (r = 0.82, P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Capillaries",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Erythrocytes",
"Male",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Video Recording"
]
} | The heterogeneity of VRBC decreased with metabolic stress, regardless of capillary bed geometry. We propose that both the large variability in control CV and the relatively shallow dependence of CV on velocity could be responsible for the present inconsistencies between intravital studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity in skeletal muscle decrease with increased flow?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Effective material exchange between blood and tissue depends on the heterogeneity of microvascular flow. The objective was to address inconsistencies between intravital studies regarding this dependency. We tested the hypothesis that heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity (VRBC) in capillary beds varies with the strength of metabolic stimulus and with capillary bed geometry.', 'We used videomicroscopy to measure VRBC in a bed of 10-24 capillaries at the surface of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in anesthetized rats. The coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean; an index of spatial heterogeneity) was computed in the same bed before and after (i) 1, 2, 4, or 8 Hz supramaximal muscle contraction or (ii) adenosine superfusion (10(-7)-10(-3) M). Beds with or without arteriolar-venular capillary shunts were used.', 'Although control VRBC differed between beds (shunt: 232 microns/s; no shunt: 130 microns/s), the percentage increases in postcontraction VRBC did not (range: 111-326%). In both beds, control CV varied greatly (overall range: 28-117%) and 2-8 Hz muscle contractions reduced CV significantly by 25%. Similar results were obtained for adenosine. In confirmatory experiments using the rat cremaster muscle, contractions (4 Hz) and adenosine (10(-4) M) also reduced CV. Based on all data, CV = 63-0.022 VRBC (r = 0.82, P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Capillaries', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Erythrocytes', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Video Recording']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,490,893 | Do phosphotyrosine antibodies preferentially react with basal epithelial cells in the dog prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"Considering the hypothesis that androgen-independent but growth factor dependent epithelial cell division may be important in the development and progression of prostate cancer and that protein tyrosine kinases and phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases are key enzymes modulating the levels of specific phosphotyrosylated proteins implicated in several growth factor regulated signal transduction pathways, our aim was to study the cellular distribution of phosphotyrosine proteins in normal and hyperplastic dog prostates as well as in those of castrated dogs supplemented with either androgens or estrogens in order to modify the relative proportion of basal versus secretory epithelial cells.",
"Following the determination of optimal conditions to specifically detect phosphotyrosine proteins by a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against phosphotyrosine, immunohistochemistry was performed on prostate tissue sections from these experimental animals. In addition to morphological criteria, an antibody to high molecular weight cytokeratins and antisera against arginine esterase were used to selectively identify basal and secretory cells. Since prostatic acid phosphatase may be involved in the local regulation of phosphotyrosine proteins, its distribution was also evaluated with a human prostatic acid phosphatase antiserum.",
"In all prostatic tissues examined, basal epithelial cells were preferentially and specifically stained with antiphosphotyrosine. The staining intensity per basal cell was highest in the estrogen-supplemented dogs. In addition, basal cells were numerically increased and all were highly immunoreactive for high molecular weight cytokeratins. In prostates displaying a well-differentiated glandular epithelium, the number of positive basal cells and their staining intensity varied in the following order: normal < hyperplastic < androgen-supplemented dogs. At all times, the levels of phosphotyrosine proteins in prostatic acid phosphatase and arginine esterase positive cells (secretory) remained low. Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were unreactive to antiphosphotyrosine, even though estrogen supplementation increased the prostatic stromal volume."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Androgens",
"Animals",
"Dogs",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Estrogens",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Phosphotyrosine",
"Prostate",
"Prostatic Hyperplasia",
"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases",
"Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Rabbits",
"Signal Transduction",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | The preferential localization of phosphotyrosine proteins in basal cells, their increased level per cell and the number of positive cells in the different experimental animals support the concept that basal cells represent the stem cells of the prostate. The sex steroid-mediated up-regulation of protein phosphorylation on tyrosine residues in these cells suggests that their proliferation is likely to involve growth factor regulated signal transduction pathways. In this respect, the lack of maturation of basal cells and the differentiation of secretory cells induced by androgen deprivation, combined with estrogen stimulation, favors the activation of these pathways and cell growth. On the other hand, the activation of glandular cell differentiation and the increase of stromal volume do not alter the threshold level of protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities in secretory cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do phosphotyrosine antibodies preferentially react with basal epithelial cells in the dog prostate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Considering the hypothesis that androgen-independent but growth factor dependent epithelial cell division may be important in the development and progression of prostate cancer and that protein tyrosine kinases and phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases are key enzymes modulating the levels of specific phosphotyrosylated proteins implicated in several growth factor regulated signal transduction pathways, our aim was to study the cellular distribution of phosphotyrosine proteins in normal and hyperplastic dog prostates as well as in those of castrated dogs supplemented with either androgens or estrogens in order to modify the relative proportion of basal versus secretory epithelial cells.', 'Following the determination of optimal conditions to specifically detect phosphotyrosine proteins by a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against phosphotyrosine, immunohistochemistry was performed on prostate tissue sections from these experimental animals. In addition to morphological criteria, an antibody to high molecular weight cytokeratins and antisera against arginine esterase were used to selectively identify basal and secretory cells. Since prostatic acid phosphatase may be involved in the local regulation of phosphotyrosine proteins, its distribution was also evaluated with a human prostatic acid phosphatase antiserum.', 'In all prostatic tissues examined, basal epithelial cells were preferentially and specifically stained with antiphosphotyrosine. The staining intensity per basal cell was highest in the estrogen-supplemented dogs. In addition, basal cells were numerically increased and all were highly immunoreactive for high molecular weight cytokeratins. In prostates displaying a well-differentiated glandular epithelium, the number of positive basal cells and their staining intensity varied in the following order: normal < hyperplastic < androgen-supplemented dogs. At all times, the levels of phosphotyrosine proteins in prostatic acid phosphatase and arginine esterase positive cells (secretory) remained low. Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were unreactive to antiphosphotyrosine, even though estrogen supplementation increased the prostatic stromal volume.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Androgens', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Estrogens', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Phosphotyrosine', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Rabbits', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,490,891 | Does immunity to nerve growth factor prevent afferent plasticity following urinary bladder hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this investigation was to examine the effect of immunity to nerve growth factor (NGF) on alterations in sensory nerves from the urinary bladder in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their projections to the L6/S1 spinal cord following urethral obstruction in the rat.",
"Female Wistar rats were immunized to murine 2.5S NGF, then obstructed by partial urethral ligation for 6 weeks. Retrograde axonal tracing with FluoroGold and WGA-HRP was used to measure areas of bladder DRG cells and afferent projections in the sacral spinal cord. Multiunit activity on bladder nerves allowed recording of micturition reflexes. Immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein (GAP)-43 in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) was used to assess potential growth or activity of axons in the spinal cord. Voiding frequencies were then measured in awake obstructed and NGF immune-obstructed rats.",
"Immunity to NGF prevented obstruction-induced hypertrophy of DRG neurons, reduced retrograde axonal labeling of sacral afferent projections, eliminated enhancement of a spinal micturition reflex and abolished the increased GAP-43 expression in the SPN. Immunity to NGF prevented the urinary frequency that accompanies obstruction."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Hypertrophy",
"Immunization",
"Mice",
"Nerve Growth Factors",
"Neuronal Plasticity",
"Neurons, Afferent",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Spinal Cord",
"Urethral Obstruction",
"Urinary Bladder"
]
} | Our results demonstrate that obstruction of the bladder elicits structural and functional plasticity in afferents as a result of ongoing neurotrophic interactions. Neurotrophic interactions offer a potential mechanism whereby symptoms and bladder hyperactivity develop with obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does immunity to nerve growth factor prevent afferent plasticity following urinary bladder hypertrophy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal of this investigation was to examine the effect of immunity to nerve growth factor (NGF) on alterations in sensory nerves from the urinary bladder in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their projections to the L6/S1 spinal cord following urethral obstruction in the rat.', 'Female Wistar rats were immunized to murine 2.5S NGF, then obstructed by partial urethral ligation for 6 weeks. Retrograde axonal tracing with FluoroGold and WGA-HRP was used to measure areas of bladder DRG cells and afferent projections in the sacral spinal cord. Multiunit activity on bladder nerves allowed recording of micturition reflexes. Immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein (GAP)-43 in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) was used to assess potential growth or activity of axons in the spinal cord. Voiding frequencies were then measured in awake obstructed and NGF immune-obstructed rats.', 'Immunity to NGF prevented obstruction-induced hypertrophy of DRG neurons, reduced retrograde axonal labeling of sacral afferent projections, eliminated enhancement of a spinal micturition reflex and abolished the increased GAP-43 expression in the SPN. Immunity to NGF prevented the urinary frequency that accompanies obstruction.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Female', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Hypertrophy', 'Immunization', 'Mice', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spinal Cord', 'Urethral Obstruction', 'Urinary Bladder']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,459 | Is myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity present in dilated cardiomyopathy , myocarditis , and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischaemic or valvar heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the activity of the calcium-dependent constitutive (cNOS) and calcium-independent inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) synthases in heart tissue from patients with different cardiac diseases.",
"Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with dilated hearts (by echocardiography and ventriculography) and normal coronary arteries (by selective angiography). Recognised clinical, radiological, and histopathological criteria were used to diagnose non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (n = 6), inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) (n = 5), and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) (n = 3). Comparative groups were chosen with similarly dilated hearts caused by ischaemic (n = 5) or valvar disease (n = 4), and, in addition, non-dilated hearts with ischaemic (n = 5) and valvar (n = 3) disease. Venous blood was taken at the time of myocardial biopsy for assay of plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha).",
"Myocardial tissue from patients with DCM, ICM, and PPCM showed considerable iNOS activity (16.8 (2.7) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min) with little or no cNOS activity (1.3 (0.9) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min). In contrast, myocardial tissue from patients with both dilated and non-dilated hearts of ischaemic or valvar aetiology showed cNOS and little, if any, iNOS activity (dilated--cNOS 11.7 (2.4) and iNOS 0.8 (0.6) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min; non-dilated--cNOS 12.1 (1.8) and iNOS 1.4 (0.8) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min). Plasma TNF alpha was detectable only in patients with inflammatory DCM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aortic Valve Stenosis",
"Calcium",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Female",
"Heart Diseases",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Myocardium",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | These results support the hypothesis the generation of nitric oxide by iNOS accounts for some of the dilatation and impaired contractility associated with inflammatory and non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity present in dilated cardiomyopathy , myocarditis , and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischaemic or valvar heart disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the activity of the calcium-dependent constitutive (cNOS) and calcium-independent inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) synthases in heart tissue from patients with different cardiac diseases.', 'Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with dilated hearts (by echocardiography and ventriculography) and normal coronary arteries (by selective angiography). Recognised clinical, radiological, and histopathological criteria were used to diagnose non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (n = 6), inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) (n = 5), and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) (n = 3). Comparative groups were chosen with similarly dilated hearts caused by ischaemic (n = 5) or valvar disease (n = 4), and, in addition, non-dilated hearts with ischaemic (n = 5) and valvar (n = 3) disease. Venous blood was taken at the time of myocardial biopsy for assay of plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha).', 'Myocardial tissue from patients with DCM, ICM, and PPCM showed considerable iNOS activity (16.8 (2.7) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min) with little or no cNOS activity (1.3 (0.9) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min). In contrast, myocardial tissue from patients with both dilated and non-dilated hearts of ischaemic or valvar aetiology showed cNOS and little, if any, iNOS activity (dilated--cNOS 11.7 (2.4) and iNOS 0.8 (0.6) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min; non-dilated--cNOS 12.1 (1.8) and iNOS 1.4 (0.8) pmol citrulline/mg protein/min). Plasma TNF alpha was detectable only in patients with inflammatory DCM.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Calcium', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardium', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,667 | Does hemodilution accelerate the passage of plasma ( not red cells ) through cerebral microvessels in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemodilution lowers the total circulatory red cell mass and blood viscosity and thereby may alter the time of passage of red cells and plasma through cerebral microvessels. This study was designed to clarify this question.",
"Adult Wistar-Kyoto rats, aged approximately 32 weeks, were divided into hemodilution and control groups. Local cerebral blood flow and microvascular red cell and plasma volumes in 14 brain structures were measured with the use of [14C]iodoantipyrine, 55Fe-labeled red cells, and [14C]inulin, respectively.",
"In the control group, the hematocrit in cerebral microvessels ranged from 0.29 to 0.45 with a mean of 0.36, which was 71% of the systemic hematocrit (0.51). The mean transit times of blood, red cells, and plasma through microvessels were 0.62 to 1.77 seconds (mean, 0.92 second), 0.44 to 1.15 seconds (mean, 0.65 second), and 0.78 to 2.5 seconds (mean, 1.25 seconds), respectively. In the hemodilution group, the mean hematocrit in microvessels was 0.28, which was 89% of the systemic hematocrit (0.32). Local cerebral blood flow was approximately 59% higher (P < .01) than that of the control animals. The rate of oxygen delivered to the brain was slightly increased (9%) after hemodilution. Blood volume in cerebral microvessels was similar to that of the control group. Mean transit time of blood was 0.62 second (68% of the control), transit time of red cells was 0.53 second (85% of the control), and transit time of plasma was 0.67 second (54% of the control)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Erythrocytes",
"Hemodilution",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred WKY"
]
} | These findings indicate that isovolemic hemodilution accelerates the plasma (not red cell) flow velocity in cerebral microvessels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hemodilution accelerate the passage of plasma ( not red cells ) through cerebral microvessels in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hemodilution lowers the total circulatory red cell mass and blood viscosity and thereby may alter the time of passage of red cells and plasma through cerebral microvessels. This study was designed to clarify this question.', 'Adult Wistar-Kyoto rats, aged approximately 32 weeks, were divided into hemodilution and control groups. Local cerebral blood flow and microvascular red cell and plasma volumes in 14 brain structures were measured with the use of [14C]iodoantipyrine, 55Fe-labeled red cells, and [14C]inulin, respectively.', 'In the control group, the hematocrit in cerebral microvessels ranged from 0.29 to 0.45 with a mean of 0.36, which was 71% of the systemic hematocrit (0.51). The mean transit times of blood, red cells, and plasma through microvessels were 0.62 to 1.77 seconds (mean, 0.92 second), 0.44 to 1.15 seconds (mean, 0.65 second), and 0.78 to 2.5 seconds (mean, 1.25 seconds), respectively. In the hemodilution group, the mean hematocrit in microvessels was 0.28, which was 89% of the systemic hematocrit (0.32). Local cerebral blood flow was approximately 59% higher (P < .01) than that of the control animals. The rate of oxygen delivered to the brain was slightly increased (9%) after hemodilution. Blood volume in cerebral microvessels was similar to that of the control group. Mean transit time of blood was 0.62 second (68% of the control), transit time of red cells was 0.53 second (85% of the control), and transit time of plasma was 0.67 second (54% of the control).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Erythrocytes', 'Hemodilution', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,660 | Do microvascular basal lamina antigens disappear during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Changes in vascular permeability are well-known and important consequences of cerebral ischemia. The development of edema and of petechial hemorrhage is connected to altered vascular integrity. A major part in microvascular integrity is played by the basal lamina.",
"The fates of the basal lamina components laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen during middle cerebral artery occlusion (2 hours, n = 3) and occlusion (3 hours) with reperfusion (1 hour, n = 3; 4 hours, n = 3; and 24 hours, n = 4) were evaluated in the nonhuman primate. Specific monoclonal antibodies against these components were used. The number and size distribution of the microvessels in each specimen were determined by video-imaging microscopy, and the relative fluorescence intensity of laminin was semiquantified by laser confocal microscopy. Basal lamina antigen presentations were compared by double-stain immunofluorescence histochemistry.",
"The number of microvascular structures defined by the presence of each basal lamina antigen decreased significantly up to 24 hours of reperfusion (P < .0001). The ratio of laminin-containing vessels between the ischemic and nonischemic territories decreased significantly from control (0.98 +/- 0.04) to 2 hours of ischemia (0.83 +/- 0.09) and 1 hour (0.79 +/- 0.08), 4 hours (0.77 +/- 0.06), and 24 hours of reperfusion (0.55 +/- 0.07). The ratio of fibronectin (cellular) and of collagen (IV)-containing vessels decreased from 0.98 +/- 0.04 to 0.75 +/- 0.1 and from 1.02 +/- 0.03 to 0.57 +/- 0.1, respectively. Mean laminin fluorescence intensity decreased from 76.1 +/- 6.0 U (controls) to 52.0 +/- 14.6 U (24 hours of reperfusion; P < .001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Basement Membrane",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Collagen",
"Fibronectins",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect",
"Laminin",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Papio",
"Reperfusion Injury"
]
} | The significant parallel losses of three basal lamina components, both in number and intensity, contribute to loss of microvascular integrity. These phenomena may be important for understanding cell extravasation and the hemorrhagic consequences of acute stroke. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do microvascular basal lamina antigens disappear during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Changes in vascular permeability are well-known and important consequences of cerebral ischemia. The development of edema and of petechial hemorrhage is connected to altered vascular integrity. A major part in microvascular integrity is played by the basal lamina.', 'The fates of the basal lamina components laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen during middle cerebral artery occlusion (2 hours, n = 3) and occlusion (3 hours) with reperfusion (1 hour, n = 3; 4 hours, n = 3; and 24 hours, n = 4) were evaluated in the nonhuman primate. Specific monoclonal antibodies against these components were used. The number and size distribution of the microvessels in each specimen were determined by video-imaging microscopy, and the relative fluorescence intensity of laminin was semiquantified by laser confocal microscopy. Basal lamina antigen presentations were compared by double-stain immunofluorescence histochemistry.', 'The number of microvascular structures defined by the presence of each basal lamina antigen decreased significantly up to 24 hours of reperfusion (P < .0001). The ratio of laminin-containing vessels between the ischemic and nonischemic territories decreased significantly from control (0.98 +/- 0.04) to 2 hours of ischemia (0.83 +/- 0.09) and 1 hour (0.79 +/- 0.08), 4 hours (0.77 +/- 0.06), and 24 hours of reperfusion (0.55 +/- 0.07). The ratio of fibronectin (cellular) and of collagen (IV)-containing vessels decreased from 0.98 +/- 0.04 to 0.75 +/- 0.1 and from 1.02 +/- 0.03 to 0.57 +/- 0.1, respectively. Mean laminin fluorescence intensity decreased from 76.1 +/- 6.0 U (controls) to 52.0 +/- 14.6 U (24 hours of reperfusion; P < .001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Basement Membrane', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Collagen', 'Fibronectins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Laminin', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Papio', 'Reperfusion Injury']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,668 | Does 7-Nitroindazole inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase and cerebral vasodilatation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate? | {
"contexts": [
"N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces dilatation of cerebral arterioles that is dependent on production of nitric oxide (NO). In these experiments we examined the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by the neuronal isoform of NO synthase.",
"We measured diameters of cerebral arterioles (baseline diameter, 89 +/- 7 microns) using a closed cranial window in anesthetized rabbits that received either vehicle (10 mL/kg IP peanut oil) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 50 mg/kg IP). 7-NI is reported to be a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase.",
"Two hours after administration of 7-NI, activity of brain NO synthase (measured by conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline) was reduced by 33% compared with vehicle (24 +/- 1 versus 16 +/- 3 pmol/min per milligram protein; n = 7; P < .05). Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to NMDA (100 and 300 mumol/L) was inhibited by 30% to 40% by 7-NI compared with responses in the presence of vehicle (23 +/- 6% versus 14 +/- 5% and 30 +/- 4% versus 21 +/- 5%, respectively; P < .05 for both concentrations; n = 10). In contrast, vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (1 mumol/L) was similar in vehicle- and 7-NI-treated animals (17 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 4%; P > .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Drug Interactions",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Indazoles",
"N-Methylaspartate",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Rabbits",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | These findings suggest that vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by neuronally derived NO. 7-NI appears to produce selective inhibition of brain NO synthase but not endothelial NO synthase. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does 7-Nitroindazole inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase and cerebral vasodilatation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces dilatation of cerebral arterioles that is dependent on production of nitric oxide (NO). In these experiments we examined the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by the neuronal isoform of NO synthase.', 'We measured diameters of cerebral arterioles (baseline diameter, 89 +/- 7 microns) using a closed cranial window in anesthetized rabbits that received either vehicle (10 mL/kg IP peanut oil) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 50 mg/kg IP). 7-NI is reported to be a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase.', 'Two hours after administration of 7-NI, activity of brain NO synthase (measured by conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline) was reduced by 33% compared with vehicle (24 +/- 1 versus 16 +/- 3 pmol/min per milligram protein; n = 7; P < .05). Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to NMDA (100 and 300 mumol/L) was inhibited by 30% to 40% by 7-NI compared with responses in the presence of vehicle (23 +/- 6% versus 14 +/- 5% and 30 +/- 4% versus 21 +/- 5%, respectively; P < .05 for both concentrations; n = 10). In contrast, vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (1 mumol/L) was similar in vehicle- and 7-NI-treated animals (17 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 4%; P > .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Drug Interactions', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Indazoles', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Rabbits', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,651 | Is guanylin , an endogenous ligand for C-type guanylate cyclase , produced by goblet cells in the rat intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"Guanylin activates an intestinal guanylate cyclase (GCC) and stimulates electrolyte movement across the gut epithelium. Cells expressing guanylin messenger RNA have been localized to the epithelial cell layer of the intestine; however, the identity of the guanylin-producing cells has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify cells that express guanylin in the rat intestine.",
"Antibodies were raised against defined proguanylin epitopes, evaluated by Western blotting, and used for immunoperoxidase histochemistry.",
"Guanylin-like immunoreactivity was localized to a subset of goblet cells. In the small intestine, most, perhaps all, goblet cells in the villi were immunopositive, as were some goblet cells in upper crypts; however, goblet cells deep within crypts were unlabeled. In the colon, goblet cells clustered in the necks and around the openings of crypts were immunopositive, whereas (as in the small intestine) goblet cells in deeper crypt regions were unlabeled. In some animals, immunoreactive columnar epithelial cells were also observed in the colon (although such cells were not apparent in the small intestine). Relative labeling of columnar cells varied from animal to animal."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Guanylin is expressed in mature goblet cells. If secreted in conjunction with mucin, it could play a role in the hydration of mucus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is guanylin , an endogenous ligand for C-type guanylate cyclase , produced by goblet cells in the rat intestine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Guanylin activates an intestinal guanylate cyclase (GCC) and stimulates electrolyte movement across the gut epithelium. Cells expressing guanylin messenger RNA have been localized to the epithelial cell layer of the intestine; however, the identity of the guanylin-producing cells has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify cells that express guanylin in the rat intestine.', 'Antibodies were raised against defined proguanylin epitopes, evaluated by Western blotting, and used for immunoperoxidase histochemistry.', 'Guanylin-like immunoreactivity was localized to a subset of goblet cells. In the small intestine, most, perhaps all, goblet cells in the villi were immunopositive, as were some goblet cells in upper crypts; however, goblet cells deep within crypts were unlabeled. In the colon, goblet cells clustered in the necks and around the openings of crypts were immunopositive, whereas (as in the small intestine) goblet cells in deeper crypt regions were unlabeled. In some animals, immunoreactive columnar epithelial cells were also observed in the colon (although such cells were not apparent in the small intestine). Relative labeling of columnar cells varied from animal to animal.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,472,685 | Do physicians ' psychosocial beliefs correlate with their patient communication skills? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between physicians' beliefs about the psychosocial aspects of patient care and their routine communication with patients.",
"Fifty community primary care physicians participating in a continuing medical education program and 473 of their patients in Portland, Oregon.",
"Routine office visits were audiotaped and analyzed for communication behaviors and emotional tone using the Roter Interactional Analysis System (RIAS). Physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of care were measured using a self-report questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Attitudes were correlated with communication behaviors using the Pearson correlation coefficient.",
"Physicians' attitudes toward psychosocial aspects of care were associated with both physician and patient dialogue in visits. The physicians who had positive attitudes used more statements of emotion (i.e., empathy, reassurance) (p < 0.05) and fewer closed-ended questions (p < 0.01) than did their colleagues who had less positive attitudes. The patients of the physicians who had positive attitudes more actively participated in care (i.e., expressing opinions, asking questions), and these physicians provided relatively more psychosocial and less biomedical information (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Attitude of Health Personnel",
"Communication",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Physician-Patient Relations",
"Physicians",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of patient care are associated with their communication with patients in routine office visits. Patients of physicians with more positive attitudes have more psychosocial discussions in visits than do patients of physicians with less positive attitudes. They also appear more involved as partners in their care. These findings have implications for medical educators, teachers, and practicing physicians. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do physicians ' psychosocial beliefs correlate with their patient communication skills?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To assess the relationship between physicians' beliefs about the psychosocial aspects of patient care and their routine communication with patients.\", 'Fifty community primary care physicians participating in a continuing medical education program and 473 of their patients in Portland, Oregon.', 'Routine office visits were audiotaped and analyzed for communication behaviors and emotional tone using the Roter Interactional Analysis System (RIAS). Physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of care were measured using a self-report questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Attitudes were correlated with communication behaviors using the Pearson correlation coefficient.', \"Physicians' attitudes toward psychosocial aspects of care were associated with both physician and patient dialogue in visits. The physicians who had positive attitudes used more statements of emotion (i.e., empathy, reassurance) (p < 0.05) and fewer closed-ended questions (p < 0.01) than did their colleagues who had less positive attitudes. The patients of the physicians who had positive attitudes more actively participated in care (i.e., expressing opinions, asking questions), and these physicians provided relatively more psychosocial and less biomedical information (p < 0.05).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Communication', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,666 | Is fibre an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier.",
"Laboratory study.",
"University hospital, Germany.",
"70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR rats.",
"For 7 days, 6 groups of rats were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutrition solution (oral TPN, n = 15); elemental diet (ED, n = 10); nutrient-defined diet (NDD, n = 10); or the NDD supplemented with uracil (NDD+uracil, n = 10), or fibre (NDD+fibre, n = 10).",
"Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of Gram negative enterobacteria and total aerobic bacteria in the caecum, and intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA.",
"The incidence of bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the groups given oral TPN, ED, NDD, and NDD+uracil compared with the group given chow. Only NDD+fibre resulted in a similar degree of translocation to that in the chow group. All groups in which there was increased translocation had a highly significant overgrowth of aerobic bacteria in the caecum, mainly by Gram negative enteric organisms. The secretory IgA concentration was reduced in the group that had been given oral TPN, and that in the ED and NDD+uracil groups was similar to that in the chow group. NDD and NDD+fibre were associated with higher intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA than chow."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Bacteria, Aerobic",
"Bacterial Translocation",
"Cecum",
"Dietary Fiber",
"Enteral Nutrition",
"Female",
"Gram-Negative Bacteria",
"Ileum",
"Immunoglobulin A, Secretory",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Jejunum",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Mesentery",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Strains"
]
} | Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk fibre should be tested in clinical trials. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fibre an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier.', 'Laboratory study.', 'University hospital, Germany.', '70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR rats.', 'For 7 days, 6 groups of rats were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutrition solution (oral TPN, n = 15); elemental diet (ED, n = 10); nutrient-defined diet (NDD, n = 10); or the NDD supplemented with uracil (NDD+uracil, n = 10), or fibre (NDD+fibre, n = 10).', 'Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of Gram negative enterobacteria and total aerobic bacteria in the caecum, and intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA.', 'The incidence of bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the groups given oral TPN, ED, NDD, and NDD+uracil compared with the group given chow. Only NDD+fibre resulted in a similar degree of translocation to that in the chow group. All groups in which there was increased translocation had a highly significant overgrowth of aerobic bacteria in the caecum, mainly by Gram negative enteric organisms. The secretory IgA concentration was reduced in the group that had been given oral TPN, and that in the ED and NDD+uracil groups was similar to that in the chow group. NDD and NDD+fibre were associated with higher intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA than chow.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Bacteria, Aerobic', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Cecum', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Ileum', 'Immunoglobulin A, Secretory', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Jejunum', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mesentery', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,649 | Is shc a substrate of the rat intestinal epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce intestinal proliferation and maturation; however, little information is available regarding substrates of the intestinal EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. The purpose of this study was to determine if src homologous collagen-like protein (Shc) was an in vivo substrate of the intestinal EGF receptor.",
"Ten-day-old rats were treated with EGF or were breast-fed. In some experiments, IEC-6 cells were treated with EGF. Intestinal tissue and cell fractions were studied by immunodetection to compare the tyrosine phosphorylation state and the subcellular localization of intestinal proteins.",
"The total tyrosine phosphorylation state of intestinal proteins was increased threefold by EGF. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and Shc were rapidly increased by EGF. The association of Grb2 with Shc increased fourfold and fivefold. Plasma membrane translocation of Shc and associated phosphotyrosyl proteins was increased within 30 seconds of EGF treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing",
"Animals",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"ErbB Receptors",
"GRB2 Adaptor Protein",
"Immunoblotting",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Phosphorylation",
"Precipitin Tests",
"Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Proteins",
"Rats",
"Tyrosine",
"src Homology Domains"
]
} | Shc is a substrate of the intestinal EGF receptor in vivo. EGF-induced association of Shc with the adapter protein Grb2 may have implications for activation of the p21ras signaling pathway in the intestine. The EGF-induced membrane association of Shc with two other phosphotyrosyl proteins suggests involvement of Shc in additional aspects of EGF-receptor signaling in the intestine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is shc a substrate of the rat intestinal epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce intestinal proliferation and maturation; however, little information is available regarding substrates of the intestinal EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. The purpose of this study was to determine if src homologous collagen-like protein (Shc) was an in vivo substrate of the intestinal EGF receptor.', 'Ten-day-old rats were treated with EGF or were breast-fed. In some experiments, IEC-6 cells were treated with EGF. Intestinal tissue and cell fractions were studied by immunodetection to compare the tyrosine phosphorylation state and the subcellular localization of intestinal proteins.', 'The total tyrosine phosphorylation state of intestinal proteins was increased threefold by EGF. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and Shc were rapidly increased by EGF. The association of Grb2 with Shc increased fourfold and fivefold. Plasma membrane translocation of Shc and associated phosphotyrosyl proteins was increased within 30 seconds of EGF treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'GRB2 Adaptor Protein', 'Immunoblotting', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Phosphorylation', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Tyrosine', 'src Homology Domains']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,645 | Does an intravenous loading dose of azathioprine decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Azathioprine, an effective therapy for Crohn's disease, is limited by a prolonged time to response. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and utility of a loading dose of azathioprine to decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn's disease.",
"Twelve patients were studied: 6 with 13 fistulae and 6 with inflammatory disease. All patients received an intravenous infusion of azathioprine (50 mg/h for 36 hours). Response was determined by physical and radiographic examination for fistulae and by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index for inflammatory disease. Erythrocyte concentrations of azathioprine metabolites were measured by chromatography.",
"Seven of 13 fistulae closed by week 4, and three had a temporary decrease in drainage. One fistula improved at week 16. Two fistulae failed to improve. Four of 6 patients with inflammatory disease achieved remission, and 1 improved temporarily. Improvement was rapid (< or = 4 weeks). Peak concentrations of azathioprine metabolites occurred within 3 days. Clinical response did not correlate with azathioprine metabolite concentrations at the azathioprine dose studied. No adverse events occurred."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Azathioprine",
"Crohn Disease",
"Erythrocytes",
"Female",
"Guanine Nucleotides",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Male",
"Methyltransferases",
"Middle Aged",
"Remission Induction",
"Thionucleotides",
"Time Factors"
]
} | An 1800-mg intravenous loading dose of azathioprine is safe and may decrease the time to response to < or = 4 weeks in patients with Crohn's disease. Correlation between clinical response and azathioprine metabolite concentrations at larger azathioprine doses should be determined. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an intravenous loading dose of azathioprine decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Azathioprine, an effective therapy for Crohn's disease, is limited by a prolonged time to response. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and utility of a loading dose of azathioprine to decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn's disease.\", \"Twelve patients were studied: 6 with 13 fistulae and 6 with inflammatory disease. All patients received an intravenous infusion of azathioprine (50 mg/h for 36 hours). Response was determined by physical and radiographic examination for fistulae and by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index for inflammatory disease. Erythrocyte concentrations of azathioprine metabolites were measured by chromatography.\", 'Seven of 13 fistulae closed by week 4, and three had a temporary decrease in drainage. One fistula improved at week 16. Two fistulae failed to improve. Four of 6 patients with inflammatory disease achieved remission, and 1 improved temporarily. Improvement was rapid (< or = 4 weeks). Peak concentrations of azathioprine metabolites occurred within 3 days. Clinical response did not correlate with azathioprine metabolite concentrations at the azathioprine dose studied. No adverse events occurred.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Azathioprine', 'Crohn Disease', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Guanine Nucleotides', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Methyltransferases', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction', 'Thionucleotides', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,640 | Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Microsatellite instability is a property of most tumors occurring in the context of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Instability also occurs in 10%-15% of apparently sporadic colorectal cancers, and it has been hypothesized that this instability may indicate a genetic predisposition to colonic cancer. This study evaluated whether there is a clinically useful association between colon cancer instability and a family history of cancer.",
"Colon cancer cases (n = 188) from a population-based study were evaluated for microsatellite instability with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics.",
"Microsatellite instability was found in 16.5% of tumors. It was predominantly a feature of right-sided tumors (P = 0.003) and was associated with the youngest and oldest ages at diagnosis (P = 0.01). Instability was not associated with family history of cancer, sex of the individual, or the glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 null genotype."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Although some very small, and as yet undefined, proportion of colon cancer may be caused by inherited mutations leading to microsatellite instability, tumoral instability by itself is not a marker for familiality and should not be considered as evidence for an inherited syndrome. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Microsatellite instability is a property of most tumors occurring in the context of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Instability also occurs in 10%-15% of apparently sporadic colorectal cancers, and it has been hypothesized that this instability may indicate a genetic predisposition to colonic cancer. This study evaluated whether there is a clinically useful association between colon cancer instability and a family history of cancer.', 'Colon cancer cases (n = 188) from a population-based study were evaluated for microsatellite instability with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics.', 'Microsatellite instability was found in 16.5% of tumors. It was predominantly a feature of right-sided tumors (P = 0.003) and was associated with the youngest and oldest ages at diagnosis (P = 0.01). Instability was not associated with family history of cancer, sex of the individual, or the glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 null genotype.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,497,168 | Does thromboxane contribute to submaximal coronary dilation during myocardial ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Thromboxane has been shown to contribute to coronary constriction in conduit coronary arteries during platelet aggregation at the site of a critical stenosis. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that following a critical coronary stenosis, persistent vasomotor tone occurs. We tested the hypothesis that thromboxane is responsible for that increased tone.",
"To test this hypothesis, 14 mongrel dogs of either sex were anesthetized and subjected to a critical coronary stenosis where distal coronary perfusion pressure was reduced to 36 +/- 2 mm Hg. During the coronary stenosis, SQ 29,548 (thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor antagonist) was administered intravenously (0.2 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg). Coronary microvascular responses were observed by directly visualizing the epicardial microcirculation. Diameters were measured using intravital microscopy coupled to stroboscopic epi-illumination and jet ventilation to compensate for cardiac and respiratory-induced motion.",
"Coronary microvessels were divided into small (< 150 microns) and large (> 150 microns) arterioles. During SQ 29,548 administration, small coronary arterioles demonstrated no additional dilation during a critical coronary stenosis. In contrast, coronary microvessels > 150 microns demonstrated a dose-dependent vasodilation to SQ 29,548 (0.2 mg/kg: 6 +/- 2%; 2.0 mg/kg: 11 +/- 4%; P < 0.05 vs. no change). A time control study in six additional animals demonstrated no significant microvascular diameter changes following a critical stenosis over the time course of SQ 29,548 administration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Coronary Disease",
"Dogs",
"Fatty Acids, Unsaturated",
"Female",
"Hemodynamics",
"Hydrazines",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Muscle Tonus",
"Thromboxanes",
"Vasodilation",
"Video Recording"
]
} | Endoperoxides contribute to poststenotic microvascular vasoconstriction in vessels 150-300 microns. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does thromboxane contribute to submaximal coronary dilation during myocardial ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thromboxane has been shown to contribute to coronary constriction in conduit coronary arteries during platelet aggregation at the site of a critical stenosis. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that following a critical coronary stenosis, persistent vasomotor tone occurs. We tested the hypothesis that thromboxane is responsible for that increased tone.', 'To test this hypothesis, 14 mongrel dogs of either sex were anesthetized and subjected to a critical coronary stenosis where distal coronary perfusion pressure was reduced to 36 +/- 2 mm Hg. During the coronary stenosis, SQ 29,548 (thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor antagonist) was administered intravenously (0.2 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg). Coronary microvascular responses were observed by directly visualizing the epicardial microcirculation. Diameters were measured using intravital microscopy coupled to stroboscopic epi-illumination and jet ventilation to compensate for cardiac and respiratory-induced motion.', 'Coronary microvessels were divided into small (< 150 microns) and large (> 150 microns) arterioles. During SQ 29,548 administration, small coronary arterioles demonstrated no additional dilation during a critical coronary stenosis. In contrast, coronary microvessels > 150 microns demonstrated a dose-dependent vasodilation to SQ 29,548 (0.2 mg/kg: 6 +/- 2%; 2.0 mg/kg: 11 +/- 4%; P < 0.05 vs. no change). A time control study in six additional animals demonstrated no significant microvascular diameter changes following a critical stenosis over the time course of SQ 29,548 administration.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dogs', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hydrazines', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Muscle Tonus', 'Thromboxanes', 'Vasodilation', 'Video Recording']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,490,384 | Is high density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with serum cortisol in older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the associations between serum cortisol and HDL cholesterol, other lipoprotein lipids and cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and clinical heart disease in older people.",
"A cross-sectional, observational, ancillary study of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).",
"A total of 245 community-dwelling people, 65 to 89 years old, were recruited consecutively for a 2-month period from the CHS cohort in Forsyth County, North Carolina.",
"Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum collected between 7:00 and 10:00 AM after an overnight fast. Cortisol levels were correlated with lipoprotein lipids, insulin, glucose, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and carotid atherosclerosis by B-mode ultrasound.",
"Serum cortisol was correlated negatively (r = -.24) with body mass index and waist-hip ratio (r = -.16) but was not related significantly to fasting insulin or glucose. Cortisol was not associated significantly with triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol but showed a positive correlation (r = .21) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The relationship between cortisol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol persisted after adjustment for gender, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cigarette and alcohol use, triglyceride level, and diabetes. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between cortisol and measures of carotid atherosclerosis, but no significant relationship was indicated between cortisol and prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Body Constitution",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Carotid Stenosis",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Coronary Disease",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Endogenous glucocorticoid levels correlated with HDL cholesterol levels and may play a role in the physiologic regulation of high density lipoprotein levels in older people. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is high density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with serum cortisol in older people?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the associations between serum cortisol and HDL cholesterol, other lipoprotein lipids and cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and clinical heart disease in older people.', 'A cross-sectional, observational, ancillary study of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).', 'A total of 245 community-dwelling people, 65 to 89 years old, were recruited consecutively for a 2-month period from the CHS cohort in Forsyth County, North Carolina.', 'Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum collected between 7:00 and 10:00 AM after an overnight fast. Cortisol levels were correlated with lipoprotein lipids, insulin, glucose, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and carotid atherosclerosis by B-mode ultrasound.', 'Serum cortisol was correlated negatively (r = -.24) with body mass index and waist-hip ratio (r = -.16) but was not related significantly to fasting insulin or glucose. Cortisol was not associated significantly with triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol but showed a positive correlation (r = .21) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The relationship between cortisol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol persisted after adjustment for gender, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cigarette and alcohol use, triglyceride level, and diabetes. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between cortisol and measures of carotid atherosclerosis, but no significant relationship was indicated between cortisol and prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Coronary Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,500,191 | Do women 's reports of breast implant problems and silicone-related illness? | {
"contexts": [
"The safety of silicone breast implants recently has been questioned. Increasing numbers of women have reported a variety of health problems that they attribute to their implants. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explicate the phenomenon of silicone-related illness as reported by women who have had breast implants.",
"A qualitative design was grounded in the theoretical framework proposed by McBride and McBride (1981), the core of which is the first-person, lived experiences of women as interpreted and explained by the women themselves.",
"Participants were recruited through Command Trust Network, an international support group for women with breast implant problems. The sample consisted of 55 women from 19 states and Canada who experienced health problems they attributed to their implants. Eighteen percent labeled themselves as disabled.",
"Themes emerging from responses to 10 questions are discussed in terms of circumstances leading to initial implantation, understanding risks and benefits, health problems and symptoms, physician response, choices made about implant removal, and psychosocial and emotional consequences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Autoimmune Diseases",
"Body Image",
"Breast Implants",
"Canada",
"Decision Making",
"Female",
"Hotlines",
"Humans",
"Informed Consent",
"Joint Diseases",
"Mammaplasty",
"Middle Aged",
"Physician-Patient Relations",
"Silicones",
"United States",
"United States Food and Drug Administration"
]
} | Findings included dissatisfaction with implants, similarity of health problems, and recurrent surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Dominant themes included lack of informed consent, physician denial of health problems, and the decision to remove implants. Further research should be directed at recipients of implants who report silicone-related illness to determine the number of women affected and the nature of their problems. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do women 's reports of breast implant problems and silicone-related illness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The safety of silicone breast implants recently has been questioned. Increasing numbers of women have reported a variety of health problems that they attribute to their implants. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explicate the phenomenon of silicone-related illness as reported by women who have had breast implants.', 'A qualitative design was grounded in the theoretical framework proposed by McBride and McBride (1981), the core of which is the first-person, lived experiences of women as interpreted and explained by the women themselves.', 'Participants were recruited through Command Trust Network, an international support group for women with breast implant problems. The sample consisted of 55 women from 19 states and Canada who experienced health problems they attributed to their implants. Eighteen percent labeled themselves as disabled.', 'Themes emerging from responses to 10 questions are discussed in terms of circumstances leading to initial implantation, understanding risks and benefits, health problems and symptoms, physician response, choices made about implant removal, and psychosocial and emotional consequences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Body Image', 'Breast Implants', 'Canada', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Hotlines', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Joint Diseases', 'Mammaplasty', 'Middle Aged', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Silicones', 'United States', 'United States Food and Drug Administration']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,490,885 | Does acute spermatic cord torsion alter the microcirculation of the contralateral testis? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to characterize the hemodynamic changes in the contralateral testis during acute spermatic cord torsion in anesthetized rats.",
"We used videomicroscopy to examine the microcirculation of the contralateral testis following acute torsion. Specifically, we examined the effect on vasomotion, a rhythmic dilation and constriction of the arterioles that is involved in fluid and nutrient exchange and modulation of local vascular resistance. In a separate set of experiments, blood flow in the contralateral internal spermatic artery was measured with an ultrasonic flow probe during acute torsion.",
"Following 720 degrees torsion, the amplitude of vasomotion in the contralateral testis increased 121% (29.0 +/- 3.9% versus 13.0 +/- 1.7%) compared with controls. Blood flow in the contralateral internal spermatic artery decreased 43% after 2 hours' torsion."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Animals",
"Arteries",
"Arterioles",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Video",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Spermatic Cord Torsion",
"Testis",
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | Acute spermatic cord torsion altered the microcirculation by increasing the amplitude of vasomotion and decreased total blood flow to the opposite testis. Because the hydraulic resistance of a blood vessel exhibiting vasomotion is always less than a vessel with the same average but static diameter, the observed microcirculatory changes may be an adaptive response to preserve local flow in the presence of decreased total flow. The long-term consequences of these changes in the microcirculation may affect testicular function and ultimately fertility. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute spermatic cord torsion alter the microcirculation of the contralateral testis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to characterize the hemodynamic changes in the contralateral testis during acute spermatic cord torsion in anesthetized rats.', 'We used videomicroscopy to examine the microcirculation of the contralateral testis following acute torsion. Specifically, we examined the effect on vasomotion, a rhythmic dilation and constriction of the arterioles that is involved in fluid and nutrient exchange and modulation of local vascular resistance. In a separate set of experiments, blood flow in the contralateral internal spermatic artery was measured with an ultrasonic flow probe during acute torsion.', \"Following 720 degrees torsion, the amplitude of vasomotion in the contralateral testis increased 121% (29.0 +/- 3.9% versus 13.0 +/- 1.7%) compared with controls. Blood flow in the contralateral internal spermatic artery decreased 43% after 2 hours' torsion.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Arteries', 'Arterioles', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Video', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Spermatic Cord Torsion', 'Testis', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,491,999 | Is reflux esophagitis in humans mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress in reflux esophagitis was investigated before and after antireflux surgery.",
"Oxidative stress was studied in the distal and proximal esophagus of control patients (without esophagitis, but with other gastrointestinal disorders), of patients with various grades of esophagitis (including Barrett's esophagus), and in patients who had a Nissen fundoplication. Oxidative stress was assessed by chemiluminescence, lipid peroxidation (LP), and by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD).",
"Chemiluminescence and LP increased with the degree of esophagitis and was highest in patients with Barrett's esophagus; SOD decreased with damage, except in cases of Barrett's esophagus associated with mild esophagitis. Chemiluminescence and LP in reflux patients were higher in the distal than in the proximal esophagus, and SOD was lower, whereas no such difference was found in controls. Findings after Nissen fundoplication were similar to those of controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Barrett Esophagus",
"Esophagitis, Peptic",
"Esophagus",
"Free Radicals",
"Fundoplication",
"Gastric Mucosa",
"Humans",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Superoxide Dismutase"
]
} | Reflux esophagitis is mediated by free radicals depleting SOD. Barrett's esophagus is a severe form of oxidative damage; in some patients, high SOD levels may prevent severe esophagitis. Antireflux surgery prevents oxidative damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is reflux esophagitis in humans mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidative stress in reflux esophagitis was investigated before and after antireflux surgery.', \"Oxidative stress was studied in the distal and proximal esophagus of control patients (without esophagitis, but with other gastrointestinal disorders), of patients with various grades of esophagitis (including Barrett's esophagus), and in patients who had a Nissen fundoplication. Oxidative stress was assessed by chemiluminescence, lipid peroxidation (LP), and by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD).\", \"Chemiluminescence and LP increased with the degree of esophagitis and was highest in patients with Barrett's esophagus; SOD decreased with damage, except in cases of Barrett's esophagus associated with mild esophagitis. Chemiluminescence and LP in reflux patients were higher in the distal than in the proximal esophagus, and SOD was lower, whereas no such difference was found in controls. Findings after Nissen fundoplication were similar to those of controls.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Barrett Esophagus', 'Esophagitis, Peptic', 'Esophagus', 'Free Radicals', 'Fundoplication', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Superoxide Dismutase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,486,158 | Is epinephrine metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Epinephrine commonly is added to epidural opioids and local anesthetics, however, little is known about the fate of epidurally administered epinephrine. Studies have identified the epinephrine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), in the cranial meninges of several species. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the spinal meninges also contain COMT and are capable of metabolizing epinephrine. If so, then the spinal meninges may have an important impact in limiting the bioavailability of epinephrine in both the spinal cord and epidural space.",
"Spinal meningeal specimens measuring 4 cm2 were obtained from monkeys (M. nemestrina) and farm-bred pigs and were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered mock cerebrospinal fluid. Epinephrine (200 micrograms base) was added at t = 0, and 200 min later, the mock cerebrospinal fluid was collected for metanephrine analysis. In separate experiments, pig meningeal specimens were separated into dura mater, pia-arachnoid mater, and pia mater, and the experiments were repeated to determine which meninx had the greatest COMT activity.",
"Metanephrine was produced by monkey meninges at the rate of 0.47 ng.min-1.cm-2 and by pig meninges at the rate of 0.23 ng.min-1.cm-2 (P > 0.05). The pia-arachnoid meninx produced metanephrine at a greater rate (4.48 +/- 0.46 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) than did the pia mater (1.3 +/- 0.15 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) or dura mater alone (1.82 +/- 0.23 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Catechol O-Methyltransferase",
"Epinephrine",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Macaca nemestrina",
"Meninges",
"Metanephrine",
"Species Specificity",
"Spinal Cord",
"Swine",
"Sympathomimetics"
]
} | These data demonstrate the functional presence of COMT in the spinal meninges of pigs and monkeys and suggest that the spinal meninges may limit the spinal bioavailability of epidurally or intrathecally administered epinephrine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is epinephrine metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epinephrine commonly is added to epidural opioids and local anesthetics, however, little is known about the fate of epidurally administered epinephrine. Studies have identified the epinephrine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), in the cranial meninges of several species. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the spinal meninges also contain COMT and are capable of metabolizing epinephrine. If so, then the spinal meninges may have an important impact in limiting the bioavailability of epinephrine in both the spinal cord and epidural space.', 'Spinal meningeal specimens measuring 4 cm2 were obtained from monkeys (M. nemestrina) and farm-bred pigs and were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered mock cerebrospinal fluid. Epinephrine (200 micrograms base) was added at t = 0, and 200 min later, the mock cerebrospinal fluid was collected for metanephrine analysis. In separate experiments, pig meningeal specimens were separated into dura mater, pia-arachnoid mater, and pia mater, and the experiments were repeated to determine which meninx had the greatest COMT activity.', 'Metanephrine was produced by monkey meninges at the rate of 0.47 ng.min-1.cm-2 and by pig meninges at the rate of 0.23 ng.min-1.cm-2 (P > 0.05). The pia-arachnoid meninx produced metanephrine at a greater rate (4.48 +/- 0.46 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) than did the pia mater (1.3 +/- 0.15 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) or dura mater alone (1.82 +/- 0.23 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Catechol O-Methyltransferase', 'Epinephrine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macaca nemestrina', 'Meninges', 'Metanephrine', 'Species Specificity', 'Spinal Cord', 'Swine', 'Sympathomimetics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,687 | Is outpatient liver biopsy using ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun safe and cost effective? | {
"contexts": [
"The need for liver biopsy is increasing with the increasing availability of treatments for liver disease, in particular interferon. For this reason the procedure must be efficient and economical, as well as safe.",
"Firstly to assess the safety of outpatient liver biopsy when performed with ultrasound guidance and the 'Biopty' gun. Secondly, to compare the cost of an outpatient and inpatient procedure.",
"Two hundred and fifty consecutive liver biopsies performed over a two year period at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne were reviewed retrospectively. Indications, histological findings and complications were recorded.",
"Seventy per cent of the biopsies were performed as an outpatient procedure. There were no major complications. Four patients experienced prolonged pain post biopsy. The average cost for an outpatient biopsy was $351, the cost of an inpatient (overnight stay) was $690."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Ambulatory Care",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Cost-Benefit Analysis",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Liver Diseases",
"Outpatient Clinics, Hospital",
"Safety",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Outpatient liver biopsy is safe and cost effective, with minor complications in 1.6%. The routine use of ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun is likely to contribute to these favourable results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is outpatient liver biopsy using ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun safe and cost effective?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The need for liver biopsy is increasing with the increasing availability of treatments for liver disease, in particular interferon. For this reason the procedure must be efficient and economical, as well as safe.', \"Firstly to assess the safety of outpatient liver biopsy when performed with ultrasound guidance and the 'Biopty' gun. Secondly, to compare the cost of an outpatient and inpatient procedure.\", \"Two hundred and fifty consecutive liver biopsies performed over a two year period at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne were reviewed retrospectively. Indications, histological findings and complications were recorded.\", 'Seventy per cent of the biopsies were performed as an outpatient procedure. There were no major complications. Four patients experienced prolonged pain post biopsy. The average cost for an outpatient biopsy was $351, the cost of an inpatient (overnight stay) was $690.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Outpatient Clinics, Hospital', 'Safety', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,499,101 | Does mRNA from frog corneal epithelium increase water permeability in Xenopus oocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the existence of a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium by studying the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of Xenopus oocytes expressing the mRNA message from frog corneal epithelium.",
"Total RNA was obtained from corneal epithelium by a single-step phase separation method, and poly A+ RNA was isolated using oligo-dT columns. This mRNA was injected into the oocytes. After a 48-hour incubation, oocyte volume changes elicited by a hypoosmotic solution were measured with a computerized video system.",
"Oocytes injected with 50 nl mRNA (1 microgram/microliter) showed a significant increase in Pf compared to water-injected controls (8.4 +/- 1.5 to 17.5 +/- 1.9 cm.sec-1 x 10(-4), P < 0.005). mRNA-injected oocytes exposed to a higher external [Cl-] showed a heightened permeability. Furthermore, Pf of oocytes exposed to a solution containing the recognized water-channel blocker HgCl2 was significantly lower than the Pf of mRNA-injected oocytes not exposed to HgCl2."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Membrane Permeability",
"Cornea",
"Epithelium",
"Injections",
"Oocytes",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rana catesbeiana",
"Water",
"Xenopus laevis"
]
} | Evidence was found for a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium because oocytes injected with the epithelial mRNA manifested increased water permeability. The increase in water permeability was larger in the presence of external Cl- and was inhibited by HgCl2. This finding correlates with measurements of Pf in the intact epithelium in which apical Cl- induced an increase in transepithelial water permeability prevented by HgCl2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mRNA from frog corneal epithelium increase water permeability in Xenopus oocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the existence of a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium by studying the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of Xenopus oocytes expressing the mRNA message from frog corneal epithelium.', 'Total RNA was obtained from corneal epithelium by a single-step phase separation method, and poly A+ RNA was isolated using oligo-dT columns. This mRNA was injected into the oocytes. After a 48-hour incubation, oocyte volume changes elicited by a hypoosmotic solution were measured with a computerized video system.', 'Oocytes injected with 50 nl mRNA (1 microgram/microliter) showed a significant increase in Pf compared to water-injected controls (8.4 +/- 1.5 to 17.5 +/- 1.9 cm.sec-1 x 10(-4), P < 0.005). mRNA-injected oocytes exposed to a higher external [Cl-] showed a heightened permeability. Furthermore, Pf of oocytes exposed to a solution containing the recognized water-channel blocker HgCl2 was significantly lower than the Pf of mRNA-injected oocytes not exposed to HgCl2.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Cornea', 'Epithelium', 'Injections', 'Oocytes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rana catesbeiana', 'Water', 'Xenopus laevis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,495,115 | Does dimethyl sulfoxide trigger urine histamine release in interstitial cystitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an agent that provides symptomatic relief in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) works via an unknown mechanism. We investigated whether DMSO acts as a chemical stimulant of mast cell degranulation.",
"A radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for histamine was used to test this hypothesis. Twelve women with strictly diagnosed IC were treated with intravesical instillations of DMSO. Treatments were repeated at varying intervals, and each patient received three to six treatments. Urine histamine levels were measured before and after each intravesical instillation of DMSO. Dilutional effects of DMSO were corrected for by conversion of urine histamine concentration to urine histamine:creatinine ratio.",
"The RIA was unaffected by the addition of DMSO to urine. No consistent change in the urine histamine:creatinine ratio following DMSO instillation was found. Trend analysis revealed no trend in the histamine:creatinine ratio with time."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Topical",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Creatinine",
"Cystitis, Interstitial",
"Dimethyl Sulfoxide",
"Female",
"Histamine Release",
"Humans",
"Regression Analysis"
]
} | The relief of symptoms reported in 50% to 77% of patients treated with intravesical DMSO is not related to detectable mast cell release of histamine. Other mechanisms of action must be investigated to explain the beneficial effect of this agent. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dimethyl sulfoxide trigger urine histamine release in interstitial cystitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an agent that provides symptomatic relief in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) works via an unknown mechanism. We investigated whether DMSO acts as a chemical stimulant of mast cell degranulation.', 'A radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for histamine was used to test this hypothesis. Twelve women with strictly diagnosed IC were treated with intravesical instillations of DMSO. Treatments were repeated at varying intervals, and each patient received three to six treatments. Urine histamine levels were measured before and after each intravesical instillation of DMSO. Dilutional effects of DMSO were corrected for by conversion of urine histamine concentration to urine histamine:creatinine ratio.', 'The RIA was unaffected by the addition of DMSO to urine. No consistent change in the urine histamine:creatinine ratio following DMSO instillation was found. Trend analysis revealed no trend in the histamine:creatinine ratio with time.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Topical', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Creatinine', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Female', 'Histamine Release', 'Humans', 'Regression Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,499,679 | Does defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Adenylyl cyclase is a transmembrane signaling system involved in the inhibition of cellular responses. Recently, we showed that the activity of adenylyl cyclase may be potentiated by stimuli that induce an increase of cellular responses but that do not activate adenylyl cyclase. This is probably an important physiologic feedback mechanism that prevents cells from becoming \"overstimulated.\"",
"Because increased cellular activities are frequently observed in persons with asthma, we hypothesized that a defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase might be involved.",
"Potentiation of isoprenaline-induced adenosine cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production with the mitogen phytohemagglutin (PHA; 45 micrograms/ml) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 mumol/L) was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from patients with asthma (n = 8) and healthy control subjects (n = 11).",
"Isoprenaline-induced cAMP production was potentiated significantly in the healthy control subjects (PHA, 110% +/- 15%; A23187, 92% +/- 25%). In contrast, potentiation was not seen with PHA or A23187 in the total group of patients with asthma. However, some patients showed weak potentiation, whereas in others PHA decreased isoprenaline-induced cAMP production. Moreover, the effect of PHA on isoprenaline-induced cAMP production correlated significantly with the degree of bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with asthma (r = 0.96; p = 0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenylyl Cyclases",
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchial Provocation Tests",
"Bronchodilator Agents",
"Calcimycin",
"Cyclic AMP",
"Drug Synergism",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ionophores",
"Isoproterenol",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Phytohemagglutinins",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | The observed defect in signal transduction could play an important part in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adenylyl cyclase is a transmembrane signaling system involved in the inhibition of cellular responses. Recently, we showed that the activity of adenylyl cyclase may be potentiated by stimuli that induce an increase of cellular responses but that do not activate adenylyl cyclase. This is probably an important physiologic feedback mechanism that prevents cells from becoming \"overstimulated.\"', 'Because increased cellular activities are frequently observed in persons with asthma, we hypothesized that a defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase might be involved.', 'Potentiation of isoprenaline-induced adenosine cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production with the mitogen phytohemagglutin (PHA; 45 micrograms/ml) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 mumol/L) was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from patients with asthma (n = 8) and healthy control subjects (n = 11).', 'Isoprenaline-induced cAMP production was potentiated significantly in the healthy control subjects (PHA, 110% +/- 15%; A23187, 92% +/- 25%). In contrast, potentiation was not seen with PHA or A23187 in the total group of patients with asthma. However, some patients showed weak potentiation, whereas in others PHA decreased isoprenaline-induced cAMP production. Moreover, the effect of PHA on isoprenaline-induced cAMP production correlated significantly with the degree of bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with asthma (r = 0.96; p = 0.0001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Calcimycin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ionophores', 'Isoproterenol', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,647 | Do importance of time-window overlap in the detection and analysis of embolic signals? | {
"contexts": [
"The detection of asymptomatic embolic signals by Doppler ultrasound may offer a powerful investigational tool in the management of cerebrovascular disease. However, early studies, particularly in patients with carotid artery disease, have reported very different frequencies of embolic signals. While this may reflect differences in patient groups and the criteria used for embolic signal identification, the degree of time-window overlap may be important. If this is insufficient, some embolic signals may fall between two time windows and not appear on the spectral display. Furthermore, the use of nonrectangular time windows, such as the Hanning window, may result in variation of the intensity of an embolic signal depending on where it is detected within the time window.",
"To test the importance of this potential problem, the same 25 embolic signals recorded as the audio signal on digital audiotape were each played repeatedly through a transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) system using fast Fourier transform analysis. An older system with no time-window overlap was used, and a more modern system was also used in which three different degrees of overlap were used: -9%, 27%, and 57%. The number of signals audible but not appearing on the spectral display was recorded. The variability in the relative intensity increase for the same embolic signal played repeatedly was estimated by calculating the coefficient of variation of the relative intensity increase.",
"With the older system, 39/500 (7.8%) of embolic signals were missed. With the newer system, the number of embolic signals missed was fewer and decreased with increasing degrees of overlap (10/500 for -9% overlap, 1/500 for 27% overlap, and 0/500 for 57% overlap). For those setups in which embolic signals were missed, there was a highly significant relationship between duration of embolic signal and number of signals missed. In parallel with these results, the coefficient of variation of the relative intensity increase became progressively less with increasing degrees of time-window overlap. For all processing setups, the coefficient of variation was greater for the less intense and shorter duration signals, but this dependence, as estimated by the slope of the regression line, became less strong with higher degrees of overlap."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Humans",
"Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial"
]
} | Inadequate degrees of fast Fourier transform time-window overlap will result in the failure of current TCD machines to detect embolic signals. Furthermore, this and the time windowing currently usually used may result in variability in the relative intensity increase of identical embolic signals. These factors need to be taken into account when comparing data on the frequencies of embolic signals recorded by different researchers and in the design of future TCD equipment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do importance of time-window overlap in the detection and analysis of embolic signals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The detection of asymptomatic embolic signals by Doppler ultrasound may offer a powerful investigational tool in the management of cerebrovascular disease. However, early studies, particularly in patients with carotid artery disease, have reported very different frequencies of embolic signals. While this may reflect differences in patient groups and the criteria used for embolic signal identification, the degree of time-window overlap may be important. If this is insufficient, some embolic signals may fall between two time windows and not appear on the spectral display. Furthermore, the use of nonrectangular time windows, such as the Hanning window, may result in variation of the intensity of an embolic signal depending on where it is detected within the time window.', 'To test the importance of this potential problem, the same 25 embolic signals recorded as the audio signal on digital audiotape were each played repeatedly through a transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) system using fast Fourier transform analysis. An older system with no time-window overlap was used, and a more modern system was also used in which three different degrees of overlap were used: -9%, 27%, and 57%. The number of signals audible but not appearing on the spectral display was recorded. The variability in the relative intensity increase for the same embolic signal played repeatedly was estimated by calculating the coefficient of variation of the relative intensity increase.', 'With the older system, 39/500 (7.8%) of embolic signals were missed. With the newer system, the number of embolic signals missed was fewer and decreased with increasing degrees of overlap (10/500 for -9% overlap, 1/500 for 27% overlap, and 0/500 for 57% overlap). For those setups in which embolic signals were missed, there was a highly significant relationship between duration of embolic signal and number of signals missed. In parallel with these results, the coefficient of variation of the relative intensity increase became progressively less with increasing degrees of time-window overlap. For all processing setups, the coefficient of variation was greater for the less intense and shorter duration signals, but this dependence, as estimated by the slope of the regression line, became less strong with higher degrees of overlap.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,301 | Does normal nuchal thickness in the midtrimester indicate reduced risk of Down syndrome in pregnancies with abnormal triple-screen results? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to determine whether nuchal thickness measurement can identify the euploid fetuses in midtrimester pregnancies at increased risk for Down syndrome on the basis of maternal age and serum screening.",
"Nuchal thickness was obtained prospectively in 651 consecutive fetuses at 14 to 21 weeks' gestation and at > or = 1:270 risk for Down syndrome on the basis of unconjugated estriol, alpha-fetoprotein, and human chorionic gonadotropin levels. The risk of Down syndrome with a normal nuchal thickness was determined. A receiver-operator characteristic curve was used to determine a serum-based risk threshold below which the risk for Down syndrome was low. The prevalence of Down syndrome in fetuses with both a normal nuchal thickness and a below-serum-risk threshold was compared with prevalence in either those above threshold risk or with an abnormal nuchal thickness.",
"There were eight cases of trisomy 21 and one case each of 46,XX/47,XXX, 46,XY/47,XY, +7, and 46,XX, 11q-. The sensitivity of an abnormal nuchal thickness (> or = 6 mm) for detecting Down syndrome was four in eight (50%) (95%) confidence interval 15.3% to 84.6%). The risk of Down syndrome was significantly increased with an abnormal compared with a normal nuchal thickness, four in 13 (30.8%) versus four in 638 (0.6%), p < 0.0001. A risk threshold was defined at > or = 1:100 on the basis of the receiver-operator characteristic plot. Of 390 cases with a normal nuchal thickness and a serum risk estimate < 1:100, there were no cases of Down syndrome (0/390 vs 8/253, p = 0.002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Amniocentesis",
"Chorionic Gonadotropin",
"Down Syndrome",
"Estriol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Maternal Age",
"Neck",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Trimester, Second",
"Pregnancy, High-Risk",
"Prevalence",
"Prospective Studies",
"ROC Curve",
"Risk Factors",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ultrasonography, Prenatal",
"alpha-Fetoproteins"
]
} | Normal nuchal thickness significantly reduces the risk of Down syndrome and may help reduce the number of amniocenteses done for abnormal triple screen results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does normal nuchal thickness in the midtrimester indicate reduced risk of Down syndrome in pregnancies with abnormal triple-screen results?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our purpose was to determine whether nuchal thickness measurement can identify the euploid fetuses in midtrimester pregnancies at increased risk for Down syndrome on the basis of maternal age and serum screening.', \"Nuchal thickness was obtained prospectively in 651 consecutive fetuses at 14 to 21 weeks' gestation and at > or = 1:270 risk for Down syndrome on the basis of unconjugated estriol, alpha-fetoprotein, and human chorionic gonadotropin levels. The risk of Down syndrome with a normal nuchal thickness was determined. A receiver-operator characteristic curve was used to determine a serum-based risk threshold below which the risk for Down syndrome was low. The prevalence of Down syndrome in fetuses with both a normal nuchal thickness and a below-serum-risk threshold was compared with prevalence in either those above threshold risk or with an abnormal nuchal thickness.\", 'There were eight cases of trisomy 21 and one case each of 46,XX/47,XXX, 46,XY/47,XY, +7, and 46,XX, 11q-. The sensitivity of an abnormal nuchal thickness (> or = 6 mm) for detecting Down syndrome was four in eight (50%) (95%) confidence interval 15.3% to 84.6%). The risk of Down syndrome was significantly increased with an abnormal compared with a normal nuchal thickness, four in 13 (30.8%) versus four in 638 (0.6%), p < 0.0001. A risk threshold was defined at > or = 1:100 on the basis of the receiver-operator characteristic plot. Of 390 cases with a normal nuchal thickness and a serum risk estimate < 1:100, there were no cases of Down syndrome (0/390 vs 8/253, p = 0.002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Amniocentesis', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Down Syndrome', 'Estriol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Maternal Age', 'Neck', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Pregnancy, High-Risk', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,739 | Do analysis of savings in operative time for primary hyperparathyroidism using localization with technetium 99m sestamibi scan? | {
"contexts": [
"The cost effectiveness of preoperative localization in cases of primary hyperpara-thyroidism has not been established. We analyzed the potential savings in operative time after localization with technetium 99m (99mTc) sestamibi scan.",
"Thirty-three patients had localization of a solitary adenoma with 99mTc-sestamibi. Measurement was made of the time required for adenomectomy, unilateral neck exploration (UNE), unilateral neck exploration and confirmation of one contralateral parathyroid gland (UNEC), or bilateral neck exploration (BNE).",
"The total operative time in minutes was 76.4 +/- 18.8 for adenomectomy; 87.5 +/- 20.4 for UNE; 105.6 +/- 25.0 for UNEC; and 117.9 +/- 26.7 for BNE. The time difference was significant between adenomectomy versus UNE, UNEC, and BNE. There were also significant time differences between UNE versus UNEC and BNE."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biopsy",
"Cost-Benefit Analysis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Iodine Radioisotopes",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neck",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Parathyroid Neoplasms",
"Parathyroidectomy",
"Preoperative Care",
"Radionuclide Imaging",
"Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m",
"Subtraction Technique",
"Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The preoperative localization of a solitary parathyroid adenoma may optimize operative time with UNE, saving approximately 30 minutes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do analysis of savings in operative time for primary hyperparathyroidism using localization with technetium 99m sestamibi scan?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The cost effectiveness of preoperative localization in cases of primary hyperpara-thyroidism has not been established. We analyzed the potential savings in operative time after localization with technetium 99m (99mTc) sestamibi scan.', 'Thirty-three patients had localization of a solitary adenoma with 99mTc-sestamibi. Measurement was made of the time required for adenomectomy, unilateral neck exploration (UNE), unilateral neck exploration and confirmation of one contralateral parathyroid gland (UNEC), or bilateral neck exploration (BNE).', 'The total operative time in minutes was 76.4 +/- 18.8 for adenomectomy; 87.5 +/- 20.4 for UNE; 105.6 +/- 25.0 for UNEC; and 117.9 +/- 26.7 for BNE. The time difference was significant between adenomectomy versus UNE, UNEC, and BNE. There were also significant time differences between UNE versus UNEC and BNE.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Parathyroidectomy', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,493,146 | Does magnesium sulfate have negligible effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in response to endotracheal intubation? | {
"contexts": [
"Pretreatment of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) attenuates pressor response associated with endotracheal intubation. Vasodilating effect of MgSO4 may increase cerebral blood flow, which upsets the known benefit to cardiovascular hemodynamic. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of MgSO4 on the changes of cerebral blood flow in response to endotracheal intubation.",
"Twenty four ASA class I or II patients who randomly received either normal saline 5 ml or MgSO4 (60 mg/kg, i.v.) 3 min before induction of anesthesia were included in the study. Mean blood flow velocity (VMCA) of the middle cerebral artery was obtained using a transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) before and after endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (4 micrograms/kg) and thiopental (5 mg/kg) and endotracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg).",
"Before endotracheal intubation, MgSO4 caused a transient decrease in VMCA (98 +/- 6% vs. 76 +/- 3% of baseline) and increase in heart rate (132% vs. 114% of baseline) compared to saline group. However, VMCA and heart rate did not show significant difference in both groups after tracheal intubation. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ during the study."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intubation, Intratracheal",
"Magnesium Sulfate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Our results suggest that MgSO4 appeared to have negligible effects on cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in response to tracheal intubation. Its attenuating effect on pressor response induced by endotracheal intubation might be over emphasized. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does magnesium sulfate have negligible effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in response to endotracheal intubation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pretreatment of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) attenuates pressor response associated with endotracheal intubation. Vasodilating effect of MgSO4 may increase cerebral blood flow, which upsets the known benefit to cardiovascular hemodynamic. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of MgSO4 on the changes of cerebral blood flow in response to endotracheal intubation.', 'Twenty four ASA class I or II patients who randomly received either normal saline 5 ml or MgSO4 (60 mg/kg, i.v.) 3 min before induction of anesthesia were included in the study. Mean blood flow velocity (VMCA) of the middle cerebral artery was obtained using a transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) before and after endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (4 micrograms/kg) and thiopental (5 mg/kg) and endotracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg).', 'Before endotracheal intubation, MgSO4 caused a transient decrease in VMCA (98 +/- 6% vs. 76 +/- 3% of baseline) and increase in heart rate (132% vs. 114% of baseline) compared to saline group. However, VMCA and heart rate did not show significant difference in both groups after tracheal intubation. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ during the study.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,484,996 | Is combined bile acid therapy more effective on biliary lipids and dissolution rates than monotherapy after gallstone lithotripsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate sampling of gallbladder bile for biliary analysis is essential for determining any potential difference between combined bile acid therapy and monotherapy in gallstone patients.",
"In 104 gallstone patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with following bile acid therapy [either chenodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day) and ursodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day), group I (n = 53), or ursodeoxycholic acid alone (1000 mg/day), group II (n = 51)], bile samples, obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder, were investigated for biliary lipids, total biliary protein concentration, and nucleation time before and after 12 months of bile acid therapy.",
"Initially, a negative correlation was found between nucleation time and number of gallstones and between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time (r = -0.52 and r = -0.49 in group I vs r = -0.56 and r = -0.51 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). The correlation between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time was also found after 12 months of bile acid treatment (r = -0.54 in group I vs r = -0.47 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). In group I, the decrease in cholesterol saturation index, biliary cholesterol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and total protein concentration was more pronounced than in group II (p < 0.01). The same effect was found concerning the prolongation of nucleation time (p < 0.01). Furthermore, dissolution rates were higher in group I compared with group II (80.4 vs 69.0%, p < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bile",
"Chenodeoxycholic Acid",
"Cholelithiasis",
"Cholesterol",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Lipids",
"Lithotripsy",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Phospholipids",
"Prospective Studies",
"Proteins",
"Time Factors",
"Ursodeoxycholic Acid"
]
} | In gallstone patients, combined therapy with urso- and chenodeoxycholic acid is superior to either ursodeoxycholic acid alone or biliary parameters in bile samples obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is combined bile acid therapy more effective on biliary lipids and dissolution rates than monotherapy after gallstone lithotripsy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accurate sampling of gallbladder bile for biliary analysis is essential for determining any potential difference between combined bile acid therapy and monotherapy in gallstone patients.', 'In 104 gallstone patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with following bile acid therapy [either chenodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day) and ursodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day), group I (n = 53), or ursodeoxycholic acid alone (1000 mg/day), group II (n = 51)], bile samples, obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder, were investigated for biliary lipids, total biliary protein concentration, and nucleation time before and after 12 months of bile acid therapy.', 'Initially, a negative correlation was found between nucleation time and number of gallstones and between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time (r = -0.52 and r = -0.49 in group I vs r = -0.56 and r = -0.51 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). The correlation between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time was also found after 12 months of bile acid treatment (r = -0.54 in group I vs r = -0.47 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). In group I, the decrease in cholesterol saturation index, biliary cholesterol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and total protein concentration was more pronounced than in group II (p < 0.01). The same effect was found concerning the prolongation of nucleation time (p < 0.01). Furthermore, dissolution rates were higher in group I compared with group II (80.4 vs 69.0%, p < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bile', 'Chenodeoxycholic Acid', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Cholesterol', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phospholipids', 'Prospective Studies', 'Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,656 | Does global incomplete cerebral ischemia produce predominantly cortical neuronal injury? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined the neuropathologic damage in a canine model of global incomplete ischemia commonly used in a variety of physiological experiments.",
"We induced 20 minutes of incomplete ischemia in dogs (n = 9) by increasing intracranial pressure via intraventricular infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid to maintain a cerebral perfusion pressure of 10 mm Hg while keeping body temperature at 38 degrees C during and immediately after ischemia. After a 7-day recovery period, animals were perfusion-fixed for neuropathology. In hematoxylin and eosin preparations, ischemic neuronal injury was assessed, neurons were counted, and percentage of cell damage was determined.",
"No focal neurological deficits or overt seizures were observed during the 7-day recovery period. In superior temporal gyrus, 49 +/- 11% and 70 +/- 10% damage (mean +/- SEM) was observed in layer III pyramidal cells in the crown and sulcus, respectively. All neocortical regions examined showed neuronal damage in layers III and/or V. In hippocampus, 59 +/- 11% damage of pyramidal neurons occurred in CA1, with dorsal (septal) hippocampus showing more injury than ventral (temporal) portions. The caudate nucleus (head) exhibited 27 +/- 7% neuronal injury. In cerebellar cortex (anterior lobule), 70 +/- 7% damage of Purkinje cells occurred, but different folia of cerebellum showed varying degrees of injury. Brain stem and thalamus were minimally affected despite reduced blood flow. Inflammatory changes (leukocytic infiltration and neuronal incrustations) were observed, but only when neuronal degeneration was severe. Pancellular necrosis and infarction did not occur."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cell Death",
"Cerebral Cortex",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dogs",
"Neurons"
]
} | This animal model of ischemia causes reproducible neuronal injury primarily in cortical regions without pancellular necrosis and infarction. Damage to subcortical areas is less severe than to cortical areas, despite comparable reductions in regional cerebral blood flow. Therefore, in the presence of regionally uniform but incomplete cerebral ischemia, neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells are more likely than subcortical neurons to degenerate; alternatively, pyramidal and Purkinje neurons degenerate before neostriatal neurons in this model. This neuronal degeneration may represent an intrinsic cellular mechanism without major contribution of cytotoxic pathways associated with inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does global incomplete cerebral ischemia produce predominantly cortical neuronal injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We determined the neuropathologic damage in a canine model of global incomplete ischemia commonly used in a variety of physiological experiments.', 'We induced 20 minutes of incomplete ischemia in dogs (n = 9) by increasing intracranial pressure via intraventricular infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid to maintain a cerebral perfusion pressure of 10 mm Hg while keeping body temperature at 38 degrees C during and immediately after ischemia. After a 7-day recovery period, animals were perfusion-fixed for neuropathology. In hematoxylin and eosin preparations, ischemic neuronal injury was assessed, neurons were counted, and percentage of cell damage was determined.', 'No focal neurological deficits or overt seizures were observed during the 7-day recovery period. In superior temporal gyrus, 49 +/- 11% and 70 +/- 10% damage (mean +/- SEM) was observed in layer III pyramidal cells in the crown and sulcus, respectively. All neocortical regions examined showed neuronal damage in layers III and/or V. In hippocampus, 59 +/- 11% damage of pyramidal neurons occurred in CA1, with dorsal (septal) hippocampus showing more injury than ventral (temporal) portions. The caudate nucleus (head) exhibited 27 +/- 7% neuronal injury. In cerebellar cortex (anterior lobule), 70 +/- 7% damage of Purkinje cells occurred, but different folia of cerebellum showed varying degrees of injury. Brain stem and thalamus were minimally affected despite reduced blood flow. Inflammatory changes (leukocytic infiltration and neuronal incrustations) were observed, but only when neuronal degeneration was severe. Pancellular necrosis and infarction did not occur.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cell Death', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Neurons']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,489,214 | Is bFGF release dependent on flow conditions in experimental vein grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) is a powerful mitogen for smooth muscle cells and has been implicated in the genesis of Myointimal hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the release of bFGF by veins in different haemodynamic conditions.",
"Laboratory animal study.",
"In 39 Lewis rats, a 1 cm long segment of inferior vena cava was inserted at the level of the abdominal aorta. The segments of inferior vena cava were obtained from syngenic Lewis rats. Arterial Vein Grafts (AVG) were harvested after 4 weeks (AVG 4) and 12 weeks (AVG 12). In 16 animals the arterial vein grafts were explanted 4 weeks after the initial operation and reimplanted (Reimplanted Vein Grafts: RVG) in syngenic Lewis rats as venous-venous bypass grafts at the level of the left iliac vein and harvested after 2 weeks (RVG 2) and 8 weeks (AVG 8).",
"The tissue was studied in organ culture in a serum-free system for (1) release of bFGF (immunoassay) and (2) mitogenic activity of the conditioned media. Scanning electron and light microscopy studies were also performed.",
"bFGF release by veins increased significantly (p < 0.01) when veins were inserted in the arterial circulation, and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) when grafts were reimplanted in the venous system. bFGF release (ng/cm2): [Formula: see text]"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta, Abdominal",
"Culture Media, Conditioned",
"Culture Media, Serum-Free",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Hyperplasia",
"Iliac Vein",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning",
"Mitogens",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Organ Culture Techniques",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Replantation",
"Time Factors",
"Tunica Intima",
"Vena Cava, Inferior"
]
} | Vein inserted in the arterial circulation release a higher quantity of bFGF. This could explain in part, the formation of myointimal hyperplasia in arterial vein graft. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is bFGF release dependent on flow conditions in experimental vein grafts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) is a powerful mitogen for smooth muscle cells and has been implicated in the genesis of Myointimal hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the release of bFGF by veins in different haemodynamic conditions.', 'Laboratory animal study.', 'In 39 Lewis rats, a 1 cm long segment of inferior vena cava was inserted at the level of the abdominal aorta. The segments of inferior vena cava were obtained from syngenic Lewis rats. Arterial Vein Grafts (AVG) were harvested after 4 weeks (AVG 4) and 12 weeks (AVG 12). In 16 animals the arterial vein grafts were explanted 4 weeks after the initial operation and reimplanted (Reimplanted Vein Grafts: RVG) in syngenic Lewis rats as venous-venous bypass grafts at the level of the left iliac vein and harvested after 2 weeks (RVG 2) and 8 weeks (AVG 8).', 'The tissue was studied in organ culture in a serum-free system for (1) release of bFGF (immunoassay) and (2) mitogenic activity of the conditioned media. Scanning electron and light microscopy studies were also performed.', 'bFGF release by veins increased significantly (p < 0.01) when veins were inserted in the arterial circulation, and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) when grafts were reimplanted in the venous system. bFGF release (ng/cm2): [Formula: see text]'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Hyperplasia', 'Iliac Vein', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Mitogens', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Replantation', 'Time Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,333 | Are fetal fibronectin , interleukin-6 , and C-reactive protein useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to evaluate fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein from patients with preterm labor to establish prognostic subcategories.",
"Thirty-seven patients with preterm labor had cervical fetal fibronectin and plasma C-reactive protein sampled. Eighteen of these patients had amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels measured. Outcome variables were (1) delivery before 34 weeks and (2) delivery within 48 hours.",
"Detectable cervical fetal fibronectin identified 89% of patients who were delivered before 34 weeks' gestation. Interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml identified 88% of patients who were delivered within 48 hours. C-reactive protein > 1.5 mg/dl correlated with elevated interleukin-6 levels (p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amniotic Fluid",
"Biomarkers",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cervix Uteri",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Female",
"Fetus",
"Fibronectins",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Obstetric Labor, Premature",
"Pregnancy",
"Prognosis"
]
} | Three subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor were evident: (1) fetal fibronectin nondetectable (37% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks), (2) fetal fibronectin detectable but interleukin-6 < 1500 pg/ml (79% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks but 85% with > 48 hours' latency), and (3) fetal fibronectin present and interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml (91% likely to be delivered with < 48 hours' latency). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are fetal fibronectin , interleukin-6 , and C-reactive protein useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our purpose was to evaluate fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein from patients with preterm labor to establish prognostic subcategories.', 'Thirty-seven patients with preterm labor had cervical fetal fibronectin and plasma C-reactive protein sampled. Eighteen of these patients had amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels measured. Outcome variables were (1) delivery before 34 weeks and (2) delivery within 48 hours.', \"Detectable cervical fetal fibronectin identified 89% of patients who were delivered before 34 weeks' gestation. Interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml identified 88% of patients who were delivered within 48 hours. C-reactive protein > 1.5 mg/dl correlated with elevated interleukin-6 levels (p < 0.001).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amniotic Fluid', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Pregnancy', 'Prognosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,224 | Is proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage due to rheumatoid synovial T helper-1 activation inhibited by interleukin-4? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of T helper-1 cell (Th1) activation in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMNC) and the subsequent possible beneficial role of the T helper-2 cell (Th2) cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the inhibition of this process.",
"SFMNC were stimulated with bacterial antigen (hsp60) to activate Th1 cells. Th1 and Th2 specific cytokine profiles (interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and IL-4) and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the conditioned media were analysed. In addition, the conditioned media were tested for their ability to induce cartilage damage. The same parameters were measured in the presence of IL-4.",
"Stimulation of SFMNC with bacterial antigen resulted in an increase in IFN gamma, IL-1, and TNF alpha production which was accompanied by the induction of cartilage damage. Th1 activation could be inhibited by IL-4 as shown by a reduction of IFN gamma. This was accompanied by a decrease in IL-1 and TNF alpha production and inhibition of cartilage damage."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antigens, Bacterial",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Chaperonin 60",
"Culture Media, Conditioned",
"Culture Techniques",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-4",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Synovial Fluid",
"Th1 Cells"
]
} | Th1 activation is a possible mechanism by which inflammation in RA joints is enhanced. The Th2 cytokine IL-4 inhibits this Th1 activity and may diminish inflammation and induction of cartilage damage in RA joints. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage due to rheumatoid synovial T helper-1 activation inhibited by interleukin-4?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the role of T helper-1 cell (Th1) activation in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMNC) and the subsequent possible beneficial role of the T helper-2 cell (Th2) cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the inhibition of this process.', 'SFMNC were stimulated with bacterial antigen (hsp60) to activate Th1 cells. Th1 and Th2 specific cytokine profiles (interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and IL-4) and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the conditioned media were analysed. In addition, the conditioned media were tested for their ability to induce cartilage damage. The same parameters were measured in the presence of IL-4.', 'Stimulation of SFMNC with bacterial antigen resulted in an increase in IFN gamma, IL-1, and TNF alpha production which was accompanied by the induction of cartilage damage. Th1 activation could be inhibited by IL-4 as shown by a reduction of IFN gamma. This was accompanied by a decrease in IL-1 and TNF alpha production and inhibition of cartilage damage.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chaperonin 60', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Culture Techniques', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Th1 Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,221 | Is urinary nitrate excretion increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduced by prednisolone? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine daily production of nitric oxide (NO) measured as urinary nitrate excretion, and the effect of prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).",
"Twenty four hour urinary nitrate was measured by gas chromatography in 10 patients with RA, before and two to four weeks after commencement of prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg body weight, and in 18 healthy controls.",
"Before the start of prednisolone treatment the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA was 2.7-fold greater (p < 0.001) than that in healthy volunteers. After prednisolone it decreased significantly, by 28%, at which time inflammatory activity (as indicated by C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint count, and early morning stiffness) was also reduced considerably. Despite this decrease, the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA remained twice that in the control group (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Blood Sedimentation",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Chromatography, Gas",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nitrates",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Prednisolone",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Our data suggest that the endogenous production of NO is enhanced in patients with RA. Furthermore, the results indicate that, in parallel with suppression of inflammation, this increased NO synthesis could be reduced by prednisolone treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is urinary nitrate excretion increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduced by prednisolone?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine daily production of nitric oxide (NO) measured as urinary nitrate excretion, and the effect of prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).', 'Twenty four hour urinary nitrate was measured by gas chromatography in 10 patients with RA, before and two to four weeks after commencement of prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg body weight, and in 18 healthy controls.', 'Before the start of prednisolone treatment the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA was 2.7-fold greater (p < 0.001) than that in healthy volunteers. After prednisolone it decreased significantly, by 28%, at which time inflammatory activity (as indicated by C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint count, and early morning stiffness) was also reduced considerably. Despite this decrease, the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA remained twice that in the control group (p < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitrates', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Prednisolone', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,406 | Does microvascular invasion in prostate cancer correlate with pathologic stage? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma and its correlation with other prognostic factors.",
"Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with cancer.",
"Microvascular invasion was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node metastases were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and cancer volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Disease Progression",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Neoplastic Cells, Circulating",
"Prostate",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Seminal Vesicles",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the Cancer Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does microvascular invasion in prostate cancer correlate with pathologic stage?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma and its correlation with other prognostic factors.', 'Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with cancer.', 'Microvascular invasion was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node metastases were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and cancer volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Seminal Vesicles', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,336 | Does removal of LDL from plasma by adsorption reduce adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing evidence that immune processes are important in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorption therapy affected serum cytokine levels and the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) in patients with arteriosclerotic obliterance (ASO).",
"LDL adsorption therapy was repeated ten times over a period of three months in ten ASO patients. The total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced at the end of therapy. This was associated with a significant improvement in Fontaine's classification and ankle pressure index. We also measured serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)) and expression of adhesion molecules (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha), LFA-1 beta, CD2, very late antigen (VLA)-4, VLA-5 and CD44) on mononuclear cells in the same patients and a group of healthy subjects. Serum levels of all inflammatory cytokines were markedly higher in ASO patients compared with healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference in the level before and after LDL adsorption. VLA-4 expression on CD3+ cells, but not of other adhesion molecules, was markedly higher in ASO patients compared with healthy subjects. LDL adsorption caused a significant reduction in CD2, VLA4 and VLA-5 expression on CD3+ cells. Furthermore, VLA-4 and VLA-5 expression on monocytes diminished significantly after LDL adsorption."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Arteriosclerosis Obliterans",
"CD3 Complex",
"Cell Adhesion Molecules",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Hemoperfusion",
"Humans",
"Hyperlipidemias",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Lymphocyte Subsets",
"Male",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Our results indicate that LDL adsorption-induced immunoregulation is mediated by an indirect stimulatory effect on the immune system. The results suggests that improved peripheral circulation produced by LDL adsorption may reflect improved immune dysfunctions of atherosclerotic lesions in ASO patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does removal of LDL from plasma by adsorption reduce adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is increasing evidence that immune processes are important in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorption therapy affected serum cytokine levels and the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) in patients with arteriosclerotic obliterance (ASO).', \"LDL adsorption therapy was repeated ten times over a period of three months in ten ASO patients. The total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced at the end of therapy. This was associated with a significant improvement in Fontaine's classification and ankle pressure index. We also measured serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)) and expression of adhesion molecules (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha), LFA-1 beta, CD2, very late antigen (VLA)-4, VLA-5 and CD44) on mononuclear cells in the same patients and a group of healthy subjects. Serum levels of all inflammatory cytokines were markedly higher in ASO patients compared with healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference in the level before and after LDL adsorption. VLA-4 expression on CD3+ cells, but not of other adhesion molecules, was markedly higher in ASO patients compared with healthy subjects. LDL adsorption caused a significant reduction in CD2, VLA4 and VLA-5 expression on CD3+ cells. Furthermore, VLA-4 and VLA-5 expression on monocytes diminished significantly after LDL adsorption.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arteriosclerosis Obliterans', 'CD3 Complex', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Hemoperfusion', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Male', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,498,637 | Are perception and reflex responses to intestinal distention in humans modified by simultaneous or previous stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal reflexes induced by distention in dogs are facilitated by either simultaneous or previous distentions. The aim of this study was to determine whether these phenomena also modulate the responses to intestinal distention, particularly perception, in humans.",
"Perception and intestinal relaxation were measured in 11 healthy subjects in response to increasing jejunal balloon distentions tested (by stimulus-response trials) alone, as control, and with conditioning distentions applied either simultaneously, immediately (10 seconds) before at the same site, or immediately before and 5 cm distant. In 8 additional subjects, the effect of prolonged (90-minute) conditioning distention was tested.",
"Conditioning had more pronounced effects on perception than on intestinal reflexes. Perception of intestinal distention increased (by 84 +/- 47%; P < 0.05) when a simultaneous distention was applied nearby. By contrast, perception decreased (by 38 +/- 12%; P < 0.05) when a previous distention was applied at the same but not at an adjacent site. Prolonged intestinal distention elicited remarkably stable perception during a 90-minute period. The effects of conditioning were unrelated to intestinal compliance because it remained unchanged."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Catheterization",
"Compliance",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intestines",
"Male",
"Perception",
"Physical Stimulation",
"Pressure",
"Reflex",
"Time Factors"
]
} | In humans, temporospatial interactions of gut stimuli activate modulatory phenomena that determine the perception intensity of the stimuli. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are perception and reflex responses to intestinal distention in humans modified by simultaneous or previous stimulation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intestinal reflexes induced by distention in dogs are facilitated by either simultaneous or previous distentions. The aim of this study was to determine whether these phenomena also modulate the responses to intestinal distention, particularly perception, in humans.', 'Perception and intestinal relaxation were measured in 11 healthy subjects in response to increasing jejunal balloon distentions tested (by stimulus-response trials) alone, as control, and with conditioning distentions applied either simultaneously, immediately (10 seconds) before at the same site, or immediately before and 5 cm distant. In 8 additional subjects, the effect of prolonged (90-minute) conditioning distention was tested.', 'Conditioning had more pronounced effects on perception than on intestinal reflexes. Perception of intestinal distention increased (by 84 +/- 47%; P < 0.05) when a simultaneous distention was applied nearby. By contrast, perception decreased (by 38 +/- 12%; P < 0.05) when a previous distention was applied at the same but not at an adjacent site. Prolonged intestinal distention elicited remarkably stable perception during a 90-minute period. The effects of conditioning were unrelated to intestinal compliance because it remained unchanged.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Catheterization', 'Compliance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Perception', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Pressure', 'Reflex', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,486,366 | Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic abdominal pain, and to identify the optimal protocol.",
"Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify patients' conditions as \"emergency\" or \"nonemergency.\" Utility analysis was used to identify the preferred protocol and monetary cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the least expensive protocol.",
"County emergency medical services (EMS) system with five receiving hospitals serving a mainly urban population of approximately 350,000.",
"Records of 902 patients who called 911 for nontraumatic abdominal pain were reviewed; patients not transported were excluded. Twenty-seven county EMS medical directors completed questionnaires.",
"Six ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain were developed: indiscriminate-dispatch, four selective protocols, and no-dispatch. A dichotomous classification system was derived prospectively from the prehospital and medical records of patients who had activated the EMS system before the study period to define \"emergency\" and \"nonemergency\" conditions associated with nontraumatic abdominal pain. Emergency criteria identified patients with conditions requiring medical treatment within 1 hour. Reviewers determined, for each patient, whether an ambulance would have been dispatched by each of the protocols. Undertriage and overtriage rates were calculated for each protocol. County EMS medical directors assigned utility values to four potential outcomes of ambulance dispatch by the direct scaling method. The outcomes comprised correct and incorrect decisions to dispatch ambulances to patients with and without emergencies. The protocols were compared by decision analysis. A cost analysis was also performed, using an estimated marginal cost per transport of $302. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of varying the cost of an undertriage error and the cost per response. Of the 788 patients included in the study, 7.8% had conditions defined as emergencies. The four selective ambulance dispatch protocols had overtriage rates ranging from 10% to 51% and undertriage rates of 4% to 7%. None of the protocols was proven superior on the basis of the medical directors' assignment of utility values. The marginal cost of dispatching advanced life support ambulances to all patients with this complaint was $3,838 per emergency."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Pain",
"Ambulances",
"California",
"Clinical Protocols",
"Cost-Benefit Analysis",
"Decision Support Techniques",
"Emergencies",
"Female",
"Health Services Research",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medical Records",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Triage",
"Utilization Review"
]
} | The majority of patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as emergencies. In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than $3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if an undertriage error costs less than $3,674, no ambulance dispatch is the least expensive strategy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic abdominal pain, and to identify the optimal protocol.', 'Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify patients\\' conditions as \"emergency\" or \"nonemergency.\" Utility analysis was used to identify the preferred protocol and monetary cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the least expensive protocol.', 'County emergency medical services (EMS) system with five receiving hospitals serving a mainly urban population of approximately 350,000.', 'Records of 902 patients who called 911 for nontraumatic abdominal pain were reviewed; patients not transported were excluded. Twenty-seven county EMS medical directors completed questionnaires.', 'Six ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain were developed: indiscriminate-dispatch, four selective protocols, and no-dispatch. A dichotomous classification system was derived prospectively from the prehospital and medical records of patients who had activated the EMS system before the study period to define \"emergency\" and \"nonemergency\" conditions associated with nontraumatic abdominal pain. Emergency criteria identified patients with conditions requiring medical treatment within 1 hour. Reviewers determined, for each patient, whether an ambulance would have been dispatched by each of the protocols. Undertriage and overtriage rates were calculated for each protocol. County EMS medical directors assigned utility values to four potential outcomes of ambulance dispatch by the direct scaling method. The outcomes comprised correct and incorrect decisions to dispatch ambulances to patients with and without emergencies. The protocols were compared by decision analysis. A cost analysis was also performed, using an estimated marginal cost per transport of $302. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of varying the cost of an undertriage error and the cost per response. Of the 788 patients included in the study, 7.8% had conditions defined as emergencies. The four selective ambulance dispatch protocols had overtriage rates ranging from 10% to 51% and undertriage rates of 4% to 7%. None of the protocols was proven superior on the basis of the medical directors\\' assignment of utility values. The marginal cost of dispatching advanced life support ambulances to all patients with this complaint was $3,838 per emergency.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdominal Pain', 'Ambulances', 'California', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Triage', 'Utilization Review']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,481,104 | Does post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorate ischemic brain damage but not post-ischemic audiogenic seizures in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to describe a pattern of recovery and histological nerve cell loss in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to severe brain ischemia and to compare it to that of Wistar rats.",
"Ether- and ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3, 5, 6 and 10 min of normothermic severe brain ischemia (4 groups) induced by hypotension and neck compression. In group No. 5, the brain temperature was rapidly lowered, after 10 min of ischemia, to 30 degrees C during 45-50 min of recirculation. Wistar rats (group No. 6) served as controls (10-min normothermic ischemia).",
"In Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats, post-ischemic audiogenic seizures (PAS) increased with the duration of ischemia and reached 86% (6/7 rats), after 10 min of ischemia. Mortality rate was high (50% = 7/14 rats). No seizure activity was observed after 10 min of ischemia in 6 Wistar (W) rats, and all survived. In the S-D rats, 10 min of ischemia produced histopathological damage in all brain regions examined, except in the thalamus. Damage was less severe in the W rats. Post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorated hippocampal and cortical nerve cell damage, but had no effect on the incidence of PAS activity and mortality. In W rats, hippocampal nerve cell loss was much less severe than in the S-D rats and cortical damage was not observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acoustic Stimulation",
"Animals",
"Body Temperature",
"Brain",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Seizures",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Sprague-Dawley rats develop post-ischemic audiogenic seizures more frequently than Wistar rats and mortality rate is high. The incidence of post-ischemic audiogenic seizures and mortality correlates well with the duration of ischemia. Post-ischemic moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) significantly ameliorated the hippocampal and cortical nerve cell losses after 10 min of severe brain ischemia, but did not improve outcome. It appears that the high mortality rate of S-D rats following brain ischemia is related to frequent post-ischemic audiogenic seizures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorate ischemic brain damage but not post-ischemic audiogenic seizures in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to describe a pattern of recovery and histological nerve cell loss in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to severe brain ischemia and to compare it to that of Wistar rats.', 'Ether- and ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3, 5, 6 and 10 min of normothermic severe brain ischemia (4 groups) induced by hypotension and neck compression. In group No. 5, the brain temperature was rapidly lowered, after 10 min of ischemia, to 30 degrees C during 45-50 min of recirculation. Wistar rats (group No. 6) served as controls (10-min normothermic ischemia).', 'In Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats, post-ischemic audiogenic seizures (PAS) increased with the duration of ischemia and reached 86% (6/7 rats), after 10 min of ischemia. Mortality rate was high (50% = 7/14 rats). No seizure activity was observed after 10 min of ischemia in 6 Wistar (W) rats, and all survived. In the S-D rats, 10 min of ischemia produced histopathological damage in all brain regions examined, except in the thalamus. Damage was less severe in the W rats. Post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorated hippocampal and cortical nerve cell damage, but had no effect on the incidence of PAS activity and mortality. In W rats, hippocampal nerve cell loss was much less severe than in the S-D rats and cortical damage was not observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Seizures', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,723 | Does ketamine attenuate endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the influence of ketamine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence and venular microhemodynamics.",
"Randomized, controlled trial.",
"Experimental laboratory.",
"Thirty male Wistar rats.",
"The rats were pretreated with ketamine (10 mg/kg iv) or 0.9% saline, and both groups were given endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide; 5 mg/kg iv). The control group received two doses of 0.9% saline.",
"The rates of leukocyte adherence and changes in microhemodynamics were monitored in rat mesenteric venules, using in vivo video microscopy. The number of adherent leukocytes was determined on-line in 10-min intervals from 60 mins before until 2 hrs after endotoxin administration. Venular diameters, red blood cell velocity, volumetric blood flow, and the venular wall shear rate were monitored before and at 10, 30, and 60 mins after endotoxin exposure. A 6.3-fold increase in the number of adherent leukocytes was observed 10 mins after administration of endotoxin when compared with control animals (5.87 +/- 0.69 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.21 adherent cells/100 microns; p < .001). This increase remained unchanged for 120 mins. In ketamine-pretreated rats, a 2.6-fold increase in leukocyte adherence occurred during the first 20 mins after endotoxin exposure (2.40 +/- 0.46 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.21 adherent cells/100 microns; p < .01). However, no difference in the number of adherent leukocytes between ketamine-pretreated and control animals was found after this 20-min period. In animals of the control group, no increase in leukocyte adherence occurred during the entire observation time. Diameters of mesenteric venules did not change after endotoxin exposure in any of the groups. Red blood cell velocity and venular blood flow in the endotoxin-treated groups decreased 10 mins after the injection of endotoxin when compared with controls, but these values did not show any difference when they were compared between ketamine and saline-pretreated animals. Similarly, venular wall shear rate in the endotoxin-treated groups decreased 10 and 30 mins after injection of endotoxin. However, no significant difference occurred between ketamine and saline-pretreated animals."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Endotoxins",
"Hemodynamics",
"Ketamine",
"Leukocytes",
"Male",
"Mesenteric Veins",
"Microcirculation",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Venules"
]
} | Pretreatment with ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence by a shear rate-independent mechanism, suggesting reduced expression of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that ketamine exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, which might be beneficial in septic patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ketamine attenuate endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the influence of ketamine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence and venular microhemodynamics.', 'Randomized, controlled trial.', 'Experimental laboratory.', 'Thirty male Wistar rats.', 'The rats were pretreated with ketamine (10 mg/kg iv) or 0.9% saline, and both groups were given endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide; 5 mg/kg iv). The control group received two doses of 0.9% saline.', 'The rates of leukocyte adherence and changes in microhemodynamics were monitored in rat mesenteric venules, using in vivo video microscopy. The number of adherent leukocytes was determined on-line in 10-min intervals from 60 mins before until 2 hrs after endotoxin administration. Venular diameters, red blood cell velocity, volumetric blood flow, and the venular wall shear rate were monitored before and at 10, 30, and 60 mins after endotoxin exposure. A 6.3-fold increase in the number of adherent leukocytes was observed 10 mins after administration of endotoxin when compared with control animals (5.87 +/- 0.69 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.21 adherent cells/100 microns; p < .001). This increase remained unchanged for 120 mins. In ketamine-pretreated rats, a 2.6-fold increase in leukocyte adherence occurred during the first 20 mins after endotoxin exposure (2.40 +/- 0.46 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.21 adherent cells/100 microns; p < .01). However, no difference in the number of adherent leukocytes between ketamine-pretreated and control animals was found after this 20-min period. In animals of the control group, no increase in leukocyte adherence occurred during the entire observation time. Diameters of mesenteric venules did not change after endotoxin exposure in any of the groups. Red blood cell velocity and venular blood flow in the endotoxin-treated groups decreased 10 mins after the injection of endotoxin when compared with controls, but these values did not show any difference when they were compared between ketamine and saline-pretreated animals. Similarly, venular wall shear rate in the endotoxin-treated groups decreased 10 and 30 mins after injection of endotoxin. However, no significant difference occurred between ketamine and saline-pretreated animals.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Endotoxins', 'Hemodynamics', 'Ketamine', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Veins', 'Microcirculation', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Venules']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,031 | Is ethanol-associated hypoglycemia uncommon? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.",
"Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three-month period. Simultaneous serum glucose determination was carried out for each patient and associations between ethanol level and glucose were sought.",
"Glucose concentrations were unavailable for 16 patients (1.7%). Of the remaining patients, 584 patients had detectable ethanol concentrations (ethanol-positive), and 353 had no detectable ethanol (ethanol-negative). Ethanol concentrations (mean +/- SD) in the ethanol-positive group were 50.11 +/- 24.08 mmol/L (231 +/- 111 mg/dL), and glucose concentrations were 5.83 +/- 1.94 mmol/L (105 +/- 35 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia [glucose < 3.72 mmol/L (67 mg/dL)] was observed for five (0.9%) ethanol-positive patients. It was classified as mild-moderate [2.78-3.66 mmol/L (50-66 mg/dL)] for four patients (0.7%) and severe [< 2.78 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] for one (0.2%). Ethanol concentrations ranged from 25.60 to 68.33 mmol/L (118 to 315 mg/dL). There was no correlation between ethanol and glucose concentrations in any subset of the ethanol-positive patients population. In the ethanol-positive group, patients who had several ethanol-positive visits (56 patients, mean 3.6 visits/patient) accounted for four of the five episodes of hypoglycemia, including the one episode of severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of hypoglycemia in repeat visitors (2.0%) was higher than that in the group of patients without repeat visits (0.2%). In the ethanol-negative group, there were four (1.1%) episodes of mild-moderate hypoglycemia and no severely hypoglycemic patients. Hypoglycemia was not more likely to occur among ethanol-positive patients than it was among ethanol-negative patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcoholic Intoxication",
"Blood Glucose",
"Emergency Service, Hospital",
"Ethanol",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemia",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Hypoglycemia was uncommonly associated with ethanol intoxication, and was found almost exclusively among patients with several ethanol-positive visits. Glucose and ethanol concentrations do not show any linear correlation; patients with higher ethanol concentrations are not at higher risk of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is not more likely to occur in ethanol-positive than in ethanol-negative patients. Initial glucose screening does not appear to be necessary for all patients suspected of intoxication; selective screening may be more appropriate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is ethanol-associated hypoglycemia uncommon?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.', 'Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three-month period. Simultaneous serum glucose determination was carried out for each patient and associations between ethanol level and glucose were sought.', 'Glucose concentrations were unavailable for 16 patients (1.7%). Of the remaining patients, 584 patients had detectable ethanol concentrations (ethanol-positive), and 353 had no detectable ethanol (ethanol-negative). Ethanol concentrations (mean +/- SD) in the ethanol-positive group were 50.11 +/- 24.08 mmol/L (231 +/- 111 mg/dL), and glucose concentrations were 5.83 +/- 1.94 mmol/L (105 +/- 35 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia [glucose < 3.72 mmol/L (67 mg/dL)] was observed for five (0.9%) ethanol-positive patients. It was classified as mild-moderate [2.78-3.66 mmol/L (50-66 mg/dL)] for four patients (0.7%) and severe [< 2.78 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] for one (0.2%). Ethanol concentrations ranged from 25.60 to 68.33 mmol/L (118 to 315 mg/dL). There was no correlation between ethanol and glucose concentrations in any subset of the ethanol-positive patients population. In the ethanol-positive group, patients who had several ethanol-positive visits (56 patients, mean 3.6 visits/patient) accounted for four of the five episodes of hypoglycemia, including the one episode of severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of hypoglycemia in repeat visitors (2.0%) was higher than that in the group of patients without repeat visits (0.2%). In the ethanol-negative group, there were four (1.1%) episodes of mild-moderate hypoglycemia and no severely hypoglycemic patients. Hypoglycemia was not more likely to occur among ethanol-positive patients than it was among ethanol-negative patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Blood Glucose', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Ethanol', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,484,083 | Is respiratory function deterioration time-linked with upper-limb onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), symptoms apparently spread following regional rules, and depending on the site of onset. We examined if respiratory function deterioration appears earlier or is more severe in patients with upper-limb onset.",
"We compared the results of various pulmonary function tests (PFT) obtained at diagnosis depending on the site of onset in 49 ALS patients. In a longitudinal study, we compared the deterioration of forced vital capacity (FVC) in relation to the site of onset, and analyzed the time elapsed to reach values below 80% of predicted according to site of onset, and we compared the survival depending on the site of onset.",
"No significant differences in PFT were found in the upper-limb onset group in any of the analysis performed. No differences in survival were detected in any disease onset group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis",
"Arm",
"Diaphragm",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Leg",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Motor Neurons",
"Neurologic Examination",
"Respiratory Paralysis",
"Survival Rate",
"Vital Capacity"
]
} | Pulmonary function deterioration does not appear to be time-linked to arm onset in ALS. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is respiratory function deterioration time-linked with upper-limb onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), symptoms apparently spread following regional rules, and depending on the site of onset. We examined if respiratory function deterioration appears earlier or is more severe in patients with upper-limb onset.', 'We compared the results of various pulmonary function tests (PFT) obtained at diagnosis depending on the site of onset in 49 ALS patients. In a longitudinal study, we compared the deterioration of forced vital capacity (FVC) in relation to the site of onset, and analyzed the time elapsed to reach values below 80% of predicted according to site of onset, and we compared the survival depending on the site of onset.', 'No significant differences in PFT were found in the upper-limb onset group in any of the analysis performed. No differences in survival were detected in any disease onset group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Arm', 'Diaphragm', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Respiratory Paralysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Vital Capacity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,474,921 | Is the quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The quantity of the silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR proteins) measured in situ in cytohistologic preparations is related to the rapidity of cell proliferation. The term \"AgNOR proteins\" comprises several proteins. The relationship between the individual AgNOR protein amount and cell proliferating activity is not yet known. We studied the quantitative distribution of the individual AgNOR proteins, with specific attention to the two major AgNOR proteins, nucleolin and protein B23, in seven human cancer cell lines characterized by different cell doubling times.",
"The doubling time of cancer cells was measured by counting the asynchronously growing cells at regular time intervals. The AgNOR proteins were quantified in situ, after a specific one-step staining procedure, by computerized image analysis. For the quantitative evaluation of nucleolin and protein B23, two methods were followed. Nuclear proteins after separation by SDS-PAGE were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes and were either: 1) stained by the silver staining procedure for AgNOR proteins or 2) treated with anti-nucleolin and anti-protein B23 mAb followed by reaction with secondary Ab linked to peroxidase and revealed by chemiluminescence and autoradiography. In both cases, measurement of individual AgNOR protein and nucleolin and protein B23 amount was carried out using computerized densitometric analysis.",
"Integrated density values of the silver-stained bands at 105 kDa (nucleolin) and 38 to 39 kDa (protein B23) represented, in all cell lines, more than 60% of the total silver-stained band value. A relationship was found between the densitometric values of silver-stained nucleolin and protein B23 and rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.85 and r = 0.86, respectively, p < 0.05). The values of nucleolin and protein B23 obtained using the Western blots were strictly related to the rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, p < 0.001). Finally, a good correlation was observed between the mean AgNOR protein area value, as defined in cytologic preparations in situ, and nucleolin and protein B23 amounts as evaluated in silver-stained nitrocellulose membranes (r = 0.92 and r = 0.90, respectively, p < 0.01) and in Western blots (r = 0.95 and r = 0.94, respectively, p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Autoradiography",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Division",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Nuclear Proteins",
"Nucleolus Organizer Region",
"Phosphoproteins",
"RNA-Binding Proteins",
"Silver Staining",
"Time Factors",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | These data indicate that the quantitative changes of AgNOR proteins observed in cytohistologic preparations in situ mainly reflect the quantitative changes of nucleolin and protein B23 and demonstrate that nucleolin and protein B23 amounts are inversely related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The quantity of the silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR proteins) measured in situ in cytohistologic preparations is related to the rapidity of cell proliferation. The term \"AgNOR proteins\" comprises several proteins. The relationship between the individual AgNOR protein amount and cell proliferating activity is not yet known. We studied the quantitative distribution of the individual AgNOR proteins, with specific attention to the two major AgNOR proteins, nucleolin and protein B23, in seven human cancer cell lines characterized by different cell doubling times.', 'The doubling time of cancer cells was measured by counting the asynchronously growing cells at regular time intervals. The AgNOR proteins were quantified in situ, after a specific one-step staining procedure, by computerized image analysis. For the quantitative evaluation of nucleolin and protein B23, two methods were followed. Nuclear proteins after separation by SDS-PAGE were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes and were either: 1) stained by the silver staining procedure for AgNOR proteins or 2) treated with anti-nucleolin and anti-protein B23 mAb followed by reaction with secondary Ab linked to peroxidase and revealed by chemiluminescence and autoradiography. In both cases, measurement of individual AgNOR protein and nucleolin and protein B23 amount was carried out using computerized densitometric analysis.', 'Integrated density values of the silver-stained bands at 105 kDa (nucleolin) and 38 to 39 kDa (protein B23) represented, in all cell lines, more than 60% of the total silver-stained band value. A relationship was found between the densitometric values of silver-stained nucleolin and protein B23 and rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.85 and r = 0.86, respectively, p < 0.05). The values of nucleolin and protein B23 obtained using the Western blots were strictly related to the rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, p < 0.001). Finally, a good correlation was observed between the mean AgNOR protein area value, as defined in cytologic preparations in situ, and nucleolin and protein B23 amounts as evaluated in silver-stained nitrocellulose membranes (r = 0.92 and r = 0.90, respectively, p < 0.01) and in Western blots (r = 0.95 and r = 0.94, respectively, p < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Autoradiography', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Division', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Nucleolus Organizer Region', 'Phosphoproteins', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Silver Staining', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,491,521 | Do dNA index and ploidy distinguish normal human parathyroids from parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplastic parathyroids? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this study was to identify factors that might aid in diagnosis and intraoperative management of hyperparathyroidism.",
"We analyzed biopsy specimens of 242 parathyroids from 159 patients by use of flow cytometry and image cytometry (ICM) for DNA index (DI), defined as the content of nuclear DNA compared with that expected for a DNA diploid standard, for proliferative index (PI), and for ploidy (diploid versus aneuploid or tetraploid).",
"True normal and normal parathyroids from patients with solitary adenomas were uniformly diploid. Abnormal ploidy (aneuploidy or tetraploidy) was identified frequently in adenomas and occasionally in hyperplasias with the exception that multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) biopsy specimens were uniformly diploid. DI for adenomas was similar to that for hyperplasias, and DI of both was higher than for normal glands. ICM-DI correlated positively with flow cytometry-DI and patient age and inversely with serum parathyroid hormone. PI was relatively low in all groups but was higher for hyperplasias versus normal parathyroids from patients with solitary adenomas and MEN versus non-MEN. PI correlated inversely with patient age."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoma",
"Aged",
"DNA",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Diploidy",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Hyperplasia",
"Male",
"Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Parathyroid Neoplasms",
"Ploidies"
]
} | DI by ICM differentiates normal from abnormal parathyroids. DI might influence extent of resection in two- and three-gland hyperplasia and selection of the most appropriate gland for autografting and cryopreservation in patients with four-gland hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dNA index and ploidy distinguish normal human parathyroids from parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplastic parathyroids?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal of this study was to identify factors that might aid in diagnosis and intraoperative management of hyperparathyroidism.', 'We analyzed biopsy specimens of 242 parathyroids from 159 patients by use of flow cytometry and image cytometry (ICM) for DNA index (DI), defined as the content of nuclear DNA compared with that expected for a DNA diploid standard, for proliferative index (PI), and for ploidy (diploid versus aneuploid or tetraploid).', 'True normal and normal parathyroids from patients with solitary adenomas were uniformly diploid. Abnormal ploidy (aneuploidy or tetraploidy) was identified frequently in adenomas and occasionally in hyperplasias with the exception that multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) biopsy specimens were uniformly diploid. DI for adenomas was similar to that for hyperplasias, and DI of both was higher than for normal glands. ICM-DI correlated positively with flow cytometry-DI and patient age and inversely with serum parathyroid hormone. PI was relatively low in all groups but was higher for hyperplasias versus normal parathyroids from patients with solitary adenomas and MEN versus non-MEN. PI correlated inversely with patient age.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'DNA', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diploidy', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Ploidies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,497,716 | Does anti-interleukin-6 antibody treatment improve survival during gut-derived sepsis in a time-dependent manner by enhancing host defense? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the in vivo neutralizing activities of anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody on survival rate and host defense in a clinically relevant model of infection.",
"Prospective, randomized, experimental animal study.",
"University and Shriners Burns Institute research laboratories.",
"Two hundred seventy-six adult, female Balb/c mice.",
"Balb/c mice were treated with 10 micrograms of antimurine IL-6 antibody, nonspecific murine immunoglobulin G (IgG), or placebo at 2, 4, or 8 hrs after they underwent bacterial challenge by gavage of 10(10) Escherichia coli and thermal injury. The survival rate was determined. The number of viable translocated bacteria, the total amount of translocation, and the percentage of bacteria that survived were also studied in different tissues.",
"Survival rate after burn and gavage was significantly improved in animals treated with antimurine IL-6 antibody at 2 and 4 hrs but not at 8 hrs after injury compared with control animals treated with nonspecific IgG or saline. The IL-6 serum concentration was significantly lower after burn and gavage in the animals treated 2 and 4 hrs after injury compared with nontreated animals. Better killing of translocated bacteria was observed in the tissues of animals treated with antimurine IL-6 antibody 2 hrs after injury."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibodies",
"Bacterial Infections",
"Burns",
"Escherichia coli Infections",
"Female",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Interleukin-6",
"Intestines",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Prospective Studies",
"Random Allocation"
]
} | Treatment with antimurine IL-6 antibody at 2 and 4 hrs after injury, but not at 8 hrs after injury, positively affects outcome during gut-derived sepsis. Moreover, the beneficial effect of treatment after 2 hrs was related to an enhanced clearance of translocated bacteria. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does anti-interleukin-6 antibody treatment improve survival during gut-derived sepsis in a time-dependent manner by enhancing host defense?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the in vivo neutralizing activities of anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody on survival rate and host defense in a clinically relevant model of infection.', 'Prospective, randomized, experimental animal study.', 'University and Shriners Burns Institute research laboratories.', 'Two hundred seventy-six adult, female Balb/c mice.', 'Balb/c mice were treated with 10 micrograms of antimurine IL-6 antibody, nonspecific murine immunoglobulin G (IgG), or placebo at 2, 4, or 8 hrs after they underwent bacterial challenge by gavage of 10(10) Escherichia coli and thermal injury. The survival rate was determined. The number of viable translocated bacteria, the total amount of translocation, and the percentage of bacteria that survived were also studied in different tissues.', 'Survival rate after burn and gavage was significantly improved in animals treated with antimurine IL-6 antibody at 2 and 4 hrs but not at 8 hrs after injury compared with control animals treated with nonspecific IgG or saline. The IL-6 serum concentration was significantly lower after burn and gavage in the animals treated 2 and 4 hrs after injury compared with nontreated animals. Better killing of translocated bacteria was observed in the tissues of animals treated with antimurine IL-6 antibody 2 hrs after injury.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Burns', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Interleukin-6', 'Intestines', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Prospective Studies', 'Random Allocation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,491,649 | Does measurement of infarct size using MRI predict prognosis in middle cerebral artery infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"An accurate measure of the severity of ischemic insult and the resulting prognosis is needed to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for acute stroke. We studied the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of infarct volume with MRI and correlated the measurements with outcome.",
"Infarct volume was measured on T2-weighted images with the Analyze image analysis software. This technique was found to be highly accurate and reproducible.",
"Measurements of infarct volume were found to be highly accurate and reproducible. Twenty-one patients (mean age, 66.5 years; range, 28 to 90 years) with cortical middle cerebral artery territory infarcts in whom adequate data could be obtained were studied within 72 hours from onset (mean delay to MRI, 27.5 hours; range, 5 to 72 hours). The Scandinavian Stroke Scale was used to calculate a prognostic score, and clinical outcome was assessed at 3 months. Infarct volume was found to significantly predict outcome. Mean infarct volume in the independent patients was 35.7 +/- 29.7 cm3 compared with 88.3 +/- 71.3 cm3 in dependent patients and 166.5 +/- 65.9 cm3 in dead patients (F = 10.52, P < .001). Patients with an initial infarct volume less than 80 cm3 were found to have a better outcome than those with larger infarct volumes. Secondary hemorrhage visible on MRI also predicted a poor outcome. In contrast, the Scandinavian Stroke Scale did not significantly predict outcome."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Cerebral Infarction",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis"
]
} | The results demonstrate that measurement of the size of middle cerebral artery infarction with MRI is a useful tool in assessing prognosis and will have a valuable role in assessing new therapeutic agents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does measurement of infarct size using MRI predict prognosis in middle cerebral artery infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An accurate measure of the severity of ischemic insult and the resulting prognosis is needed to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for acute stroke. We studied the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of infarct volume with MRI and correlated the measurements with outcome.', 'Infarct volume was measured on T2-weighted images with the Analyze image analysis software. This technique was found to be highly accurate and reproducible.', 'Measurements of infarct volume were found to be highly accurate and reproducible. Twenty-one patients (mean age, 66.5 years; range, 28 to 90 years) with cortical middle cerebral artery territory infarcts in whom adequate data could be obtained were studied within 72 hours from onset (mean delay to MRI, 27.5 hours; range, 5 to 72 hours). The Scandinavian Stroke Scale was used to calculate a prognostic score, and clinical outcome was assessed at 3 months. Infarct volume was found to significantly predict outcome. Mean infarct volume in the independent patients was 35.7 +/- 29.7 cm3 compared with 88.3 +/- 71.3 cm3 in dependent patients and 166.5 +/- 65.9 cm3 in dead patients (F = 10.52, P < .001). Patients with an initial infarct volume less than 80 cm3 were found to have a better outcome than those with larger infarct volumes. Secondary hemorrhage visible on MRI also predicted a poor outcome. In contrast, the Scandinavian Stroke Scale did not significantly predict outcome.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,446 | Do dobutamine echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging predict functional improvement after revascularisation in severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the concordance between thallium-201 uptake and echocardiographic wall thickening, which are both indicators of potentially reversible myocardial dysfunction, in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular failure and to assess their relative contribution to predicting improvement in regional function after revascularisation in a subgroup.",
"45 patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction (mean (SD) ejection fraction 25 (8)%) underwent echocardiography before and after dobutamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg/min). Of these, 22 patients underwent rest echocardiography at a mean (SD) of 9 (1) weeks after revascularisation. 201Tl imaging was performed during dobutamine echocardiography and at rest, 1, and 4 h after treatment with sublingual glyceryl trinitrate on two separate days. Potentially reversible dysfunction was thought to be present when a myocardial segment contained a Tl score of > or = 3 (ascending score 1-4), or showed improved wall thickening of a dysynergic segment during dobutamine stimulation.",
"Of the 201Tl protocols, the redistribution scan 1 h after treatment with glyceryl trinitrate best demonstrated myocardial viability. Concordance between 201Tl and dobutamine induced wall thickening was 82% (kappa = 0.59) for detecting potentially reversible myocardial dysfunction before revascularisation (n = 45). Regional function improved in 18 of 22 patients after revascularisation. There were 168 dysynergic segments before intervention. The sensitivity of echocardiography and 201Tl imaging for detecting \"recoverable\" or viable segments after revascularisation was 87% and 92% respectively and specificity was 82% and 78% respectively (P = NS)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Dobutamine",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Myocardial Revascularization",
"Patient Selection",
"Radionuclide Imaging",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Thallium Radioisotopes",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ultrasonography",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Dobutamine echocardiography and 201Tl imaging may be used to predict mechanical improvement in dysynergic segments after revascularisation in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dobutamine echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging predict functional improvement after revascularisation in severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the concordance between thallium-201 uptake and echocardiographic wall thickening, which are both indicators of potentially reversible myocardial dysfunction, in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular failure and to assess their relative contribution to predicting improvement in regional function after revascularisation in a subgroup.', '45 patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction (mean (SD) ejection fraction 25 (8)%) underwent echocardiography before and after dobutamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg/min). Of these, 22 patients underwent rest echocardiography at a mean (SD) of 9 (1) weeks after revascularisation. 201Tl imaging was performed during dobutamine echocardiography and at rest, 1, and 4 h after treatment with sublingual glyceryl trinitrate on two separate days. Potentially reversible dysfunction was thought to be present when a myocardial segment contained a Tl score of > or = 3 (ascending score 1-4), or showed improved wall thickening of a dysynergic segment during dobutamine stimulation.', 'Of the 201Tl protocols, the redistribution scan 1 h after treatment with glyceryl trinitrate best demonstrated myocardial viability. Concordance between 201Tl and dobutamine induced wall thickening was 82% (kappa = 0.59) for detecting potentially reversible myocardial dysfunction before revascularisation (n = 45). Regional function improved in 18 of 22 patients after revascularisation. There were 168 dysynergic segments before intervention. The sensitivity of echocardiography and 201Tl imaging for detecting \"recoverable\" or viable segments after revascularisation was 87% and 92% respectively and specificity was 82% and 78% respectively (P = NS).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dobutamine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Patient Selection', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thallium Radioisotopes', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,447 | Are serum lipoprotein ( a ) concentrations related to coronary disease progression without new myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association between serum lipoprotein(a) and angiographically assessed coronary artery disease progression without new myocardial infarction.",
"85 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent serial angiography with an interval of at least two years were studied. Progression of coronary artery disease was defined as an increase in diameter stenosis of 15% or more. Vessels on which angioplasty had been performed were excluded from the analysis. The patients were classified into two groups: a progression group without new myocardial infarction (n = 48) and non-progression group (n = 37). Risk factors including lipoprotein(a) were evaluated to see how they were related to progression without myocardial infarction.",
"There were no differences between the two groups in the following factors: age, gender, the time interval between the angiographic studies, the distribution of the analysed coronary arteries, and history of well established coronary risk factors. Univariate analysis showed that serum lipoprotein(a) (P = 0.0002), cigarette smoking between the studies (P = 0.002), serum high density lipoprotein (P = 0.003), and serum low density lipoprotein (P = 0.01) were related to progression without myocardial infarction. Multivariate analysis selected two independent factors for progression without myocardial infarction: serum lipoprotein(a) (P = 0.003) and serum high density lipoprotein (P = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Disease",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Lipoprotein(a)",
"Lipoproteins, HDL",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking"
]
} | Serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations are closely related to the progression of coronary artery disease without new myocardial infarction. Lipoprotein(a) lowering treatment may be needed to prevent disease progression in patients with coronary artery disease and high serum lipoprotein(a). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are serum lipoprotein ( a ) concentrations related to coronary disease progression without new myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the association between serum lipoprotein(a) and angiographically assessed coronary artery disease progression without new myocardial infarction.', '85 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent serial angiography with an interval of at least two years were studied. Progression of coronary artery disease was defined as an increase in diameter stenosis of 15% or more. Vessels on which angioplasty had been performed were excluded from the analysis. The patients were classified into two groups: a progression group without new myocardial infarction (n = 48) and non-progression group (n = 37). Risk factors including lipoprotein(a) were evaluated to see how they were related to progression without myocardial infarction.', 'There were no differences between the two groups in the following factors: age, gender, the time interval between the angiographic studies, the distribution of the analysed coronary arteries, and history of well established coronary risk factors. Univariate analysis showed that serum lipoprotein(a) (P = 0.0002), cigarette smoking between the studies (P = 0.002), serum high density lipoprotein (P = 0.003), and serum low density lipoprotein (P = 0.01) were related to progression without myocardial infarction. Multivariate analysis selected two independent factors for progression without myocardial infarction: serum lipoprotein(a) (P = 0.003) and serum high density lipoprotein (P = 0.03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,482,022 | Do latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess 52 years after healed thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylitis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study reports on an extremely rare case of tuberculous psoas abscess and describes the mode of diagnosis and treatment.",
"This patient is presented to emphasize that cases of solitary psoas abscess resulting from tuberculosis exist today.",
"No recent cases of latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess have been reported, to the authors' knowledge.",
"A tuberculous psoas abscess associated with fistula to the greater trochanter may remain dormant for years after tuberculous spondylitis has healed, as a distinct entity without concomitant active bone infection. In our 58-year-old female patient, the diagnosis of a psoas abscess was greatly aided by the \"three pass\" technetium bone scan and computed tomography, but the anamnesis also was important.",
"Anti-tuberculosis medication (streptomycin, aminosalicylic, and isoniazid) combined with open drainage, curettage of the psoas, and simultaneous revision of the fistula eradicated the disease, making the course of the disease uneventful until the 5-year follow-up evaluation."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscular Diseases",
"Psoas Abscess",
"Radiography",
"Spondylitis",
"Thoracic Vertebrae",
"Time Factors",
"Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular"
]
} | Orthopedic surgeons must be aware of the rare, delayed appearance of a solitary psoas abscess after tuberculous spondylitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess 52 years after healed thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study reports on an extremely rare case of tuberculous psoas abscess and describes the mode of diagnosis and treatment.', 'This patient is presented to emphasize that cases of solitary psoas abscess resulting from tuberculosis exist today.', \"No recent cases of latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess have been reported, to the authors' knowledge.\", 'A tuberculous psoas abscess associated with fistula to the greater trochanter may remain dormant for years after tuberculous spondylitis has healed, as a distinct entity without concomitant active bone infection. In our 58-year-old female patient, the diagnosis of a psoas abscess was greatly aided by the \"three pass\" technetium bone scan and computed tomography, but the anamnesis also was important.', 'Anti-tuberculosis medication (streptomycin, aminosalicylic, and isoniazid) combined with open drainage, curettage of the psoas, and simultaneous revision of the fistula eradicated the disease, making the course of the disease uneventful until the 5-year follow-up evaluation.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Psoas Abscess', 'Radiography', 'Spondylitis', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,474,939 | Do rat aortic smooth muscle cells become pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported that the intimal endothelium of the rat aorta switches to a microvascular phenotype during angiogenesis in vitro. The microvessels formed by the rat aortic endothelium are coated with pericytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of the pericytes to the angiogenic process and to identify the site of origin of these cells in the aortic wall.",
"Rings of rat aorta were cultured in collagen gel under serum-free conditions. The formation of a pericyte coating around aorta-derived microvessels was evaluated by counting pericytes and microvessels in the living cultures. Pericytes and endothelial cells were studied by immunohistochemistry, lectin labeling, electron microscopy, 3H-thymidine labeling followed by autoradiography, and time-lapse video microscopy. The capacity of aortic smooth muscle cells to differentiate into pericytes was studied by coculturing intimal- or medial-derived smooth muscle cells with endothelial cells in a collagen gel overlay assay that induced reorganization of endothelial cells into microvessels.",
"Microvessels during the early stages of angiogenesis were composed primarily of endothelial cells. As vascular proliferation decreased, the microvessels became coated with pericytes. The pericytes migrated from the root to the tip of the microvessels using the endothelium as a surface for attachment, proliferation, and contact guidance. The pericytes were continuous with the myointimal endothelial cells of the cultured aorta. Pericytes and myointimal cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin and were actively engaged in DNA synthesis. Treatment of the cultures with heparin caused a marked reduction in the number of pericytes. Smooth muscle cells isolated from the intimal aspect of the rat aorta migrated toward the endothelium and differentiated into pericytes when cocultured with microvessels formed by isolated endothelial cells in a collagen gel overlay assay. Conversely, smooth muscle cells isolated from the deep layers of the media had no significant endothelial tropism and failed to differentiate into pericytes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Autoradiography",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Collagen",
"Culture Techniques",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Microcirculation",
"Microscopy, Video",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Time Factors",
"Tunica Intima",
"Vimentin"
]
} | This study demonstrates that the rat aorta contains a subpopulation of intimal/subintimal smooth muscle cells that differentiate into pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro. These cells have a distinct endothelial tropism and respond to endothelial cues by contributing to the differentiation and maturation of microvessels. Smooth muscle cells of rat aortic intimal/subintimal origin can be used as a source of pericytes for the in vitro assembly of histotypic microvessels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do rat aortic smooth muscle cells become pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We previously reported that the intimal endothelium of the rat aorta switches to a microvascular phenotype during angiogenesis in vitro. The microvessels formed by the rat aortic endothelium are coated with pericytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of the pericytes to the angiogenic process and to identify the site of origin of these cells in the aortic wall.', 'Rings of rat aorta were cultured in collagen gel under serum-free conditions. The formation of a pericyte coating around aorta-derived microvessels was evaluated by counting pericytes and microvessels in the living cultures. Pericytes and endothelial cells were studied by immunohistochemistry, lectin labeling, electron microscopy, 3H-thymidine labeling followed by autoradiography, and time-lapse video microscopy. The capacity of aortic smooth muscle cells to differentiate into pericytes was studied by coculturing intimal- or medial-derived smooth muscle cells with endothelial cells in a collagen gel overlay assay that induced reorganization of endothelial cells into microvessels.', 'Microvessels during the early stages of angiogenesis were composed primarily of endothelial cells. As vascular proliferation decreased, the microvessels became coated with pericytes. The pericytes migrated from the root to the tip of the microvessels using the endothelium as a surface for attachment, proliferation, and contact guidance. The pericytes were continuous with the myointimal endothelial cells of the cultured aorta. Pericytes and myointimal cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin and were actively engaged in DNA synthesis. Treatment of the cultures with heparin caused a marked reduction in the number of pericytes. Smooth muscle cells isolated from the intimal aspect of the rat aorta migrated toward the endothelium and differentiated into pericytes when cocultured with microvessels formed by isolated endothelial cells in a collagen gel overlay assay. Conversely, smooth muscle cells isolated from the deep layers of the media had no significant endothelial tropism and failed to differentiate into pericytes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Autoradiography', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Collagen', 'Culture Techniques', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Microcirculation', 'Microscopy, Video', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Time Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Vimentin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,494,353 | Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"Bilateral lower extremity venous duplex scanning for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been advocated because of the high incidence of occult contralateral leg involvement. We investigated the clinical necessity of such a policy.",
"The results from 2996 venous duplex studies performed during the past 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1694 of these scans were performed on patients with symptoms, of whom 248 (15%) were found to have an acute DVT. Symptoms were limited to one side in 198 patients, whereas bilateral complaints were noted in 50 patients.",
"Among the patients with symptoms of acute DVT, 72 (29%) had bilateral involvement. Bilaterality was more likely in patients with bilateral symptoms than in those with only unilateral symptoms (56% vs 22%; p < 0.005). Of the patients with unilateral symptoms and bilateral DVT, all of them had either acute (80%) or acute and chronic (20%) thrombosis in the symptomatic leg. The contralateral asymptomatic limb had fewer acute and more chronic DVT (41% and 55%, respectively). No patient from the entire group admitted with symptoms had an acute DVT in the asymptomatic limb without a concomitant acute DVT in the symptomatic leg. Unilateral scanning would decrease the examination time by 21% and potentially increase total reimbursement for symptomatic venous scans by 9% compared with routine bilateral duplex scanning."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Chronic Disease",
"Diagnostic Tests, Routine",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Thrombophlebitis",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex"
]
} | Although bilateral involvement is frequent in patients with symptoms of acute DVT, treatment in these patients is not altered by this finding. We conclude that contralateral venous scanning in patients with unilateral symptoms is not clinically indicated and that unilateral scanning would result in improved cost-efficiency for vascular laboratories. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Bilateral lower extremity venous duplex scanning for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been advocated because of the high incidence of occult contralateral leg involvement. We investigated the clinical necessity of such a policy.', 'The results from 2996 venous duplex studies performed during the past 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1694 of these scans were performed on patients with symptoms, of whom 248 (15%) were found to have an acute DVT. Symptoms were limited to one side in 198 patients, whereas bilateral complaints were noted in 50 patients.', 'Among the patients with symptoms of acute DVT, 72 (29%) had bilateral involvement. Bilaterality was more likely in patients with bilateral symptoms than in those with only unilateral symptoms (56% vs 22%; p < 0.005). Of the patients with unilateral symptoms and bilateral DVT, all of them had either acute (80%) or acute and chronic (20%) thrombosis in the symptomatic leg. The contralateral asymptomatic limb had fewer acute and more chronic DVT (41% and 55%, respectively). No patient from the entire group admitted with symptoms had an acute DVT in the asymptomatic limb without a concomitant acute DVT in the symptomatic leg. Unilateral scanning would decrease the examination time by 21% and potentially increase total reimbursement for symptomatic venous scans by 9% compared with routine bilateral duplex scanning.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,491,656 | Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated as a therapy to improve neurological recovery after ischemia, since HBO may improve tissue oxygen delivery. We examined the effect of HBO treatment after global cerebral ischemia on early brain injury.",
"Rabbits were subjected to 10 minutes of global cerebral ischemia by cerebrospinal fluid compression. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, rabbits either were subjected to HBO for 125 minutes and then breathed 100% O2 at ambient pressure for 90 minutes or breathed 100% O2 for 215 minutes. At the end of reperfusion and 90 minutes after exposure, brain vascular permeability and cerebral blood flow were measured. Somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored throughout the experiment.",
"HBO treatment reduced (P < .05) brain vascular permeability by 16% in gray matter and by 20% in white matter. Cerebral blood flow was lower (P < .05) in the HBO group (40.9 +/- 1.9 mL/min per 100 g, mean +/- SEM) compared with controls (50.8 +/- 2.0 mL/min per 100 g). Somatosensory evoked potential recovery was similar in the two groups (P > .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Capillary Permeability",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory",
"Hyperbaric Oxygenation",
"Male",
"Rabbits"
]
} | HBO administered after global cerebral ischemia promoted blood-brain barrier integrity. HBO treatment also reduced cerebral blood flow; this effect was not associated with a reduction in evoked potential recovery. Since neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limited, HBO should be further investigated as a potential therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated as a therapy to improve neurological recovery after ischemia, since HBO may improve tissue oxygen delivery. We examined the effect of HBO treatment after global cerebral ischemia on early brain injury.', 'Rabbits were subjected to 10 minutes of global cerebral ischemia by cerebrospinal fluid compression. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, rabbits either were subjected to HBO for 125 minutes and then breathed 100% O2 at ambient pressure for 90 minutes or breathed 100% O2 for 215 minutes. At the end of reperfusion and 90 minutes after exposure, brain vascular permeability and cerebral blood flow were measured. Somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored throughout the experiment.', 'HBO treatment reduced (P < .05) brain vascular permeability by 16% in gray matter and by 20% in white matter. Cerebral blood flow was lower (P < .05) in the HBO group (40.9 +/- 1.9 mL/min per 100 g, mean +/- SEM) compared with controls (50.8 +/- 2.0 mL/min per 100 g). Somatosensory evoked potential recovery was similar in the two groups (P > .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Hyperbaric Oxygenation', 'Male', 'Rabbits']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,826 | Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans? | {
"contexts": [
"The cutaneous microcirculation vasodilates during acute 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT, simulated microgravity) relative to upright conditions, more in the lower body than in the upper body.",
"We expected that relative magnitudes of and differences between upper and lower body cutaneous blood flow elevation would be sustained during initial acclimation to simulated microgravity.",
"We measured cutaneous microvascular blood flow with laser-Doppler flowmetry at the leg (over the distal tibia) and cheek (over the zygomatic arch) of eight healthy men before, during, and after 24 h of HDT. Results were calculated as a percentage of baseline value (100% measured during pre-tilt upright sitting).",
"Cutaneous blood flow in the cheek increased significantly to 165 +/- 37% (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) at 9-12 h HDT, then returned to near baseline values by 24 h HDT (114 +/- 29%, NSD), despite increased local arterial pressure. Microvascular flow in the leg remained significantly elevated above baseline throughout 24 h HDT (427 +/- 85% at 3 h HDT and 215 +/- 142% at 24 h HDT, p < 0.05). During the 6-h upright sitting recovery period, cheek and leg blood flow levels returned to near pre-tilt baseline values."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Gravity, Altered",
"Head",
"Humans",
"Leg",
"Male",
"Microcirculation",
"Skin",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Because hydrostatic effects of HDT increase local arterial pressure at the carotid sinus, baroreflex-mediated withdrawal of sympathetic tone probably contributed to increased microvascular flows at the head and leg during HDT. In the leg, baroreflex effects combined with minimal stimulation of local veno-arteriolar and myogenic autoregulatory vasoconstriction to elicit relatively larger and more sustained increases in cutaneous flow during HDT. In the cheek, delayed myogenic vasoconstriction and/or humoral effects apparently compensated for flow elevation by 24 h of HDT. Therefore, localized vascular adaptations to gravity probably explain differences in acclimation of lower and upper body blood flow to HDT and actual microgravity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The cutaneous microcirculation vasodilates during acute 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT, simulated microgravity) relative to upright conditions, more in the lower body than in the upper body.', 'We expected that relative magnitudes of and differences between upper and lower body cutaneous blood flow elevation would be sustained during initial acclimation to simulated microgravity.', 'We measured cutaneous microvascular blood flow with laser-Doppler flowmetry at the leg (over the distal tibia) and cheek (over the zygomatic arch) of eight healthy men before, during, and after 24 h of HDT. Results were calculated as a percentage of baseline value (100% measured during pre-tilt upright sitting).', 'Cutaneous blood flow in the cheek increased significantly to 165 +/- 37% (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) at 9-12 h HDT, then returned to near baseline values by 24 h HDT (114 +/- 29%, NSD), despite increased local arterial pressure. Microvascular flow in the leg remained significantly elevated above baseline throughout 24 h HDT (427 +/- 85% at 3 h HDT and 215 +/- 142% at 24 h HDT, p < 0.05). During the 6-h upright sitting recovery period, cheek and leg blood flow levels returned to near pre-tilt baseline values.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Gravity, Altered', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Skin', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,496,983 | Do cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the decision to have photorefractive keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"A substantial number of patients who elect to undergo photorefractive keratectomy do so without the motivation of occupational uncorrected vision requirements. We hypothesized that information processing preferences for the auditory (versus visual) modality in a global, associative (versus detailed, sensory-oriented) style with adaptability and risk-taking (versus predictability) personality characteristics would predominate in patients electing photorefractive keratectomy.",
"Seventy-three prospective photorefractive keratectomy patients attended informational sessions. Sixteen occupationally driven patients and one refusal were excluded from the analysis. The 27 patients electing to proceed with surgery were compared with the 29 declining surgery. Personality characteristics and cognitive styles were determined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Abbreviated Version and the Modality Strengths Indicator.",
"Subjects electing surgery showed significantly greater preferences for processing information in the auditory modality and in a global, associative style, with adaptability and risk-taking personality characteristics. Combining the attributes statistically differentiated the two groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Astigmatism",
"Cognition",
"Cornea",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lasers, Excimer",
"Male",
"Motivation",
"Myopia",
"Personality",
"Personality Inventory",
"Photorefractive Keratectomy",
"Risk-Taking"
]
} | Specific cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the choice to pursue photorefractive keratectomy when that choice is not occupationally driven. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the decision to have photorefractive keratectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A substantial number of patients who elect to undergo photorefractive keratectomy do so without the motivation of occupational uncorrected vision requirements. We hypothesized that information processing preferences for the auditory (versus visual) modality in a global, associative (versus detailed, sensory-oriented) style with adaptability and risk-taking (versus predictability) personality characteristics would predominate in patients electing photorefractive keratectomy.', 'Seventy-three prospective photorefractive keratectomy patients attended informational sessions. Sixteen occupationally driven patients and one refusal were excluded from the analysis. The 27 patients electing to proceed with surgery were compared with the 29 declining surgery. Personality characteristics and cognitive styles were determined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Abbreviated Version and the Modality Strengths Indicator.', 'Subjects electing surgery showed significantly greater preferences for processing information in the auditory modality and in a global, associative style, with adaptability and risk-taking personality characteristics. Combining the attributes statistically differentiated the two groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Astigmatism', 'Cognition', 'Cornea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Excimer', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Myopia', 'Personality', 'Personality Inventory', 'Photorefractive Keratectomy', 'Risk-Taking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,488,451 | Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the significance of respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure and its relation both to maximum oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength.",
"Seven healthy men aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 men with chronic heart failure aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%.",
"Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 heart failure patients also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured.",
"There was respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure patients, with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm H2O, P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm H2O, P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.44). There was also significant weakness of the right quadriceps muscle (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum oxygen consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Chronic Disease",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Respiratory Muscles"
]
} | Respiratory muscle weakness is seen in chronic heart failure. The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum oxygen consumption and exercise tolerance in these patients. The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitude and time course of respiratory and locomotor muscle weakness may differ in individual patients. Treatment aimed at improving the function of the involved muscle groups may alleviate symptoms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the significance of respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure and its relation both to maximum oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength.', 'Seven healthy men aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 men with chronic heart failure aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%.', 'Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 heart failure patients also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured.', 'There was respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure patients, with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm H2O, P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm H2O, P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.44). There was also significant weakness of the right quadriceps muscle (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum oxygen consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Respiratory Muscles']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,485,345 | Is premature parturition characterized by in utero activation of the fetal immune system? | {
"contexts": [
"At birth the fetus emerges from a sterile environment into a nonsterile one. This process is associated with activation of the fetal immune system which protects the fetus against infection in the newborn period. We conducted this study to determine whether activation of the monocyte-neutrophil system occurs in fetuses before premature birth.",
"Forty patients in premature labor with intact membranes underwent cordocentesis for research purposes. Fetal blood was analyzed with the use of flow cytometry to measure the cell surface markers CD11c, CD13, CD15, and CD67, which are associated with monocyte and neutrophil activation, and CD14 and CD63, which were used as controls.",
"Twenty-eight percent (11/40) of the infants were delivered prematurely within 72 hours of entering the study while the remainder were delivered at term. Our data clearly indicate that premature infants delivered within 72 hours had a higher percentage of CD11c, CD13, CD15, and CD67 than those delivered at term. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the percentages of CD14 and CD63."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antigens, CD",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"CD13 Antigens",
"Cell Adhesion Molecules",
"Cell Separation",
"Female",
"Fetal Blood",
"Fetus",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Lewis X Antigen",
"Lipopolysaccharide Receptors",
"Macrophage Activation",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Neutrophil Activation",
"Obstetric Labor, Premature",
"Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Pregnancy",
"Tetraspanin 30"
]
} | Activation of the monocyte-neutrophil system exists in fetuses destined for premature delivery. These findings indicate that premature parturition is associated with in utero immune system activation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is premature parturition characterized by in utero activation of the fetal immune system?\nContext: {'contexts': ['At birth the fetus emerges from a sterile environment into a nonsterile one. This process is associated with activation of the fetal immune system which protects the fetus against infection in the newborn period. We conducted this study to determine whether activation of the monocyte-neutrophil system occurs in fetuses before premature birth.', 'Forty patients in premature labor with intact membranes underwent cordocentesis for research purposes. Fetal blood was analyzed with the use of flow cytometry to measure the cell surface markers CD11c, CD13, CD15, and CD67, which are associated with monocyte and neutrophil activation, and CD14 and CD63, which were used as controls.', 'Twenty-eight percent (11/40) of the infants were delivered prematurely within 72 hours of entering the study while the remainder were delivered at term. Our data clearly indicate that premature infants delivered within 72 hours had a higher percentage of CD11c, CD13, CD15, and CD67 than those delivered at term. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the percentages of CD14 and CD63.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'CD13 Antigens', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Separation', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fetus', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Lewis X Antigen', 'Lipopolysaccharide Receptors', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Neutrophil Activation', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Pregnancy', 'Tetraspanin 30']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,458 | Does bombesin affect mucosal immunity and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in intravenously fed mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Our prior studies show that intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) produces atrophy of the small intestine-related gut-associated lymphoid tissue and significant decreases in intestinal IgA levels, the major system of mucosal immunity. Others have noted increased small intestinal permeability, bacterial adherence and translocation, and decreased IgA levels in TPN-fed animals. Bombesin, a neuropeptide, may play a regulatory role in mucosal immunity. It is not clear whether bombesin attenuates the TPN-associated gut-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy.",
"To examine the effect of bombesin on gut-associated lymphoid tissue integrity and function during IV TPN feeding.",
"Randomized animal study.",
"A university laboratory.",
"Male ICR mice weighing 25 to 30 g were randomized to chow plus IV saline solution (n = 12), IV TPN (n = 12), or IV TPN plus bombesin (15 micrograms/kg, administered intramuscularly three times a day) (n = 12). Animals were killed after 5 days of receiving the experimental diet. Total small intestinal IgA level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria and were stained with specific antibodies for B and T cells and for T-cell expression of CD4 and CD8 by flow cytometric analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance.",
"Bombesin prevented the IV TPN decreases in (1) total cell yield and B-cell yield from the Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria; (2) T-cell yield in the intraepithelial spaces and lamina propria; and (3) small intestinal IgA levels. Bombesin also reversed IV TPN decreases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial spaces and Peyer's patches and prevented the decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio in the lamina propria."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"B-Lymphocytes",
"Body Weight",
"Bombesin",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Lymphocyte Count",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred ICR",
"Parenteral Nutrition, Total",
"Peyer's Patches",
"Random Allocation",
"T-Lymphocyte Subsets",
"T-Lymphocytes"
]
} | Bombesin prevents the TPN-associated atrophy and dysfunction of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, supporting the concept of close neuroimmunologic interaction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bombesin affect mucosal immunity and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in intravenously fed mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our prior studies show that intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) produces atrophy of the small intestine-related gut-associated lymphoid tissue and significant decreases in intestinal IgA levels, the major system of mucosal immunity. Others have noted increased small intestinal permeability, bacterial adherence and translocation, and decreased IgA levels in TPN-fed animals. Bombesin, a neuropeptide, may play a regulatory role in mucosal immunity. It is not clear whether bombesin attenuates the TPN-associated gut-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy.', 'To examine the effect of bombesin on gut-associated lymphoid tissue integrity and function during IV TPN feeding.', 'Randomized animal study.', 'A university laboratory.', \"Male ICR mice weighing 25 to 30 g were randomized to chow plus IV saline solution (n = 12), IV TPN (n = 12), or IV TPN plus bombesin (15 micrograms/kg, administered intramuscularly three times a day) (n = 12). Animals were killed after 5 days of receiving the experimental diet. Total small intestinal IgA level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria and were stained with specific antibodies for B and T cells and for T-cell expression of CD4 and CD8 by flow cytometric analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance.\", \"Bombesin prevented the IV TPN decreases in (1) total cell yield and B-cell yield from the Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria; (2) T-cell yield in the intraepithelial spaces and lamina propria; and (3) small intestinal IgA levels. Bombesin also reversed IV TPN decreases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial spaces and Peyer's patches and prevented the decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio in the lamina propria.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Body Weight', 'Bombesin', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', \"Peyer's Patches\", 'Random Allocation', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,459 | Is except for alanine , muscle protein catabolism influenced by alterations in glucose metabolism during sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess any relationship between hyperglycemia and muscle protein catabolism associated with critical illness.",
"Cohort analytic study.",
"Clinical research center and intensive care unit of a university hospital.",
"Six healthy volunteers and five patients with severe sepsis.",
"Study subjects were given infusions of 6,6,d2 glucose and 15N lysine for 6 hours. After infusion of the stable isotopes for 2 hours (basal period), dichloroacetate, which accelerates pyruvate oxidation, was given (dichloroacetate period). Leg blood flow was measured by indocyanine green dye dilution, and femoral artery and vein substrate concentrations were quantitated.",
"The metabolic rates of glucose production, oxidation, and clearance; the whole-body protein breakdown rate; and the net efflux of amino acids from the leg were determined.",
"In comparison with the healthy volunteers, septic patients had significant elevations in glucose production, oxidation, and clearance, accelerated protein catabolism, and greater net peripheral efflux of amino acids. Dichloroacetate significantly decreased glucose production and increased the percentage of glucose directed toward oxidation in both healthy volunteers and septic patients. However, this dichloroacetate-induced perturbation of glucose utilization had no significant effect on whole-body protein breakdown or the efflux of specific amino acids from the leg except for alanine, whose net efflux doubled (P < or = .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Alanine",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle Proteins",
"Sepsis"
]
} | The findings of this study demonstrate a universal acceleration in the metabolic rates of both intermediary glucose metabolism and protein/amino acid catabolism during sepsis. Except for alanine, however, there appears to be no coupling between these two physiologic responses to sepsis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is except for alanine , muscle protein catabolism influenced by alterations in glucose metabolism during sepsis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess any relationship between hyperglycemia and muscle protein catabolism associated with critical illness.', 'Cohort analytic study.', 'Clinical research center and intensive care unit of a university hospital.', 'Six healthy volunteers and five patients with severe sepsis.', 'Study subjects were given infusions of 6,6,d2 glucose and 15N lysine for 6 hours. After infusion of the stable isotopes for 2 hours (basal period), dichloroacetate, which accelerates pyruvate oxidation, was given (dichloroacetate period). Leg blood flow was measured by indocyanine green dye dilution, and femoral artery and vein substrate concentrations were quantitated.', 'The metabolic rates of glucose production, oxidation, and clearance; the whole-body protein breakdown rate; and the net efflux of amino acids from the leg were determined.', 'In comparison with the healthy volunteers, septic patients had significant elevations in glucose production, oxidation, and clearance, accelerated protein catabolism, and greater net peripheral efflux of amino acids. Dichloroacetate significantly decreased glucose production and increased the percentage of glucose directed toward oxidation in both healthy volunteers and septic patients. However, this dichloroacetate-induced perturbation of glucose utilization had no significant effect on whole-body protein breakdown or the efflux of specific amino acids from the leg except for alanine, whose net efflux doubled (P < or = .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alanine', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Sepsis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
7,499,990 | Do health behaviours explain part of the differences in self reported health associated with partner/marital status in The Netherlands? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the differences in health behaviours in disparate marital status groups and to estimate the extent to which these can explain differences in health associated with marital status.",
"Baseline data of a prospective cohort study were used. Directly age standardised percentages of each marital group that engaged in each of the following behaviours--smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, breakfast, leisure exercise, and body mass index--were computed. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the health differences associated with marital status with and without control for differences in health behaviours.",
"The population of the city of Eindhoven and surrounding municipalities (mixed urban-rural area) in The Netherlands in March 1991.",
"There were 16,311 men and women, aged 25-74 years, and of Dutch nationality.",
"There were differences in relation to marital status for each health behaviour. Married people were more likely to practise positive health behaviours (such as exercise and eating breakfast) and less likely to engage in negative ones (such as smoking or drinking heavily) than the other groups. Control for all six health behaviours could explain an average of 20-36% of the differences in perceived and general health and subjective health complaints."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Body Mass Index",
"Coffee",
"Cohort Studies",
"Diet",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Health Behavior",
"Health Status",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Marital Status",
"Middle Aged",
"Netherlands",
"Prospective Studies",
"Smoking"
]
} | Differences in health behaviours explained a considerable amount, but not all, of the health differences related to marital status. Longitudinal data are necessary to confirm these findings; to determine whether the differences in health behaviours related to marital status are caused by selection effects or social causation effects; and to learn how social control, social support, and stress inter-relate to reinforce negative or to maintain positive health behaviours. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do health behaviours explain part of the differences in self reported health associated with partner/marital status in The Netherlands?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe the differences in health behaviours in disparate marital status groups and to estimate the extent to which these can explain differences in health associated with marital status.', 'Baseline data of a prospective cohort study were used. Directly age standardised percentages of each marital group that engaged in each of the following behaviours--smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, breakfast, leisure exercise, and body mass index--were computed. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the health differences associated with marital status with and without control for differences in health behaviours.', 'The population of the city of Eindhoven and surrounding municipalities (mixed urban-rural area) in The Netherlands in March 1991.', 'There were 16,311 men and women, aged 25-74 years, and of Dutch nationality.', 'There were differences in relation to marital status for each health behaviour. Married people were more likely to practise positive health behaviours (such as exercise and eating breakfast) and less likely to engage in negative ones (such as smoking or drinking heavily) than the other groups. Control for all six health behaviours could explain an average of 20-36% of the differences in perceived and general health and subjective health complaints.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Mass Index', 'Coffee', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diet', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Prospective Studies', 'Smoking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,754,030 | Does topical vancomycin applied on closure of the sternotomy wound prevent high levels of systemic vancomycin? | {
"contexts": [
"Vancomycin is effective in reducing the risk of mediastinits and topical vancomycin has been hypothesised to give high local dose concentrations while avoiding high systemic levels, thus avoiding the risk of bacterial resistance to this second-line antibiotic. However, this theory has never been tested and the degree to which vancomycin is absorbed systemically is unknown.",
"Fourteen patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) received 500mg of topical vancomycin prior to sternotomy closure. Serum samples were taken at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 720min post-operatively. In addition, samples were taken from the drain bottles and urine samples taken daily for 5 days. Vancomycin levels were measured by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, using the reverse dilution method to give a detection limit of 0.8mg/l.",
"Vancomycin was detected in almost all serum samples. Peak concentration was at 30min and the mean value was 2.96mg/l (range, 0.99-5.00mg/l). This mean fell to 1.32mg/l at 6h. Of the 500mg of vancomycin applied, a mean of only 8.8mg was found to have been lost into the drain bottles in the first 24h (range, 0.17-12.5mg). When 5 consecutive days of urine collection was achieved, a mean of 151mg of vancomycin was excreted (range, 40-195mg) and vancomycin was detectable in the urine till day 5. The mean concentration of vancomycin in the urine was maximal on day 1 and was 24.4mg/l (range, 4.49-44.98mg/l)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Topical",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Cohort Studies",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mediastinitis",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Care",
"Vancomycin"
]
} | Topical vancomycin causes significant systemic concentrations in the 6h post-surgery and can be detected in the urine for up to 5 days post-surgery. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does topical vancomycin applied on closure of the sternotomy wound prevent high levels of systemic vancomycin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vancomycin is effective in reducing the risk of mediastinits and topical vancomycin has been hypothesised to give high local dose concentrations while avoiding high systemic levels, thus avoiding the risk of bacterial resistance to this second-line antibiotic. However, this theory has never been tested and the degree to which vancomycin is absorbed systemically is unknown.', 'Fourteen patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) received 500mg of topical vancomycin prior to sternotomy closure. Serum samples were taken at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 720min post-operatively. In addition, samples were taken from the drain bottles and urine samples taken daily for 5 days. Vancomycin levels were measured by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, using the reverse dilution method to give a detection limit of 0.8mg/l.', 'Vancomycin was detected in almost all serum samples. Peak concentration was at 30min and the mean value was 2.96mg/l (range, 0.99-5.00mg/l). This mean fell to 1.32mg/l at 6h. Of the 500mg of vancomycin applied, a mean of only 8.8mg was found to have been lost into the drain bottles in the first 24h (range, 0.17-12.5mg). When 5 consecutive days of urine collection was achieved, a mean of 151mg of vancomycin was excreted (range, 40-195mg) and vancomycin was detectable in the urine till day 5. The mean concentration of vancomycin in the urine was maximal on day 1 and was 24.4mg/l (range, 4.49-44.98mg/l).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Topical', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mediastinitis', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Care', 'Vancomycin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,767,667 | Does clinical assessment identify hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to determine the relevance of a proposed classification for advanced heart failure (HF). Profiles based on clinical assessment of congestion and perfusion at the time of hospitalization were compared with subsequent outcomes.",
"Optimal design of therapy and trials for advanced HF remains limited by the lack of simple clinical profiles to characterize patients.",
"Prospective analysis was performed for 452 patients admitted to the cardiomyopathy service at the Brigham and Women's Hospital with a diagnosis of HF. Patients were classified by clinical assessment into four profiles: profile A, patients with no evidence of congestion or hypoperfusion (dry-warm, n = 123); profile B, congestion with adequate perfusion (wet-warm, n = 222); profile C, congestion and hypoperfusion (wet-cold, n = 91); and profile L, hypoperfusion without congestion (dry-cold, n = 16). Other standard predictors of outcome were included and patients were followed for the end points of death (n = 117) and death or urgent transplantation (n = 137) at one year.",
"Survival analysis showed that clinical profiles predict outcomes in HF. Profiles B and C increase the risk of death plus urgent transplantation by univariate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, p = 0.02) and multivariate analyses (HR 2.48, p = 0.003). Moreover, clinical profiles add prognostic information even when limited to patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV symptoms (profile B: HR 2.23, p = 0.026; profile C: HR 2.73, p = 0.009)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Pressure",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Heart Rate",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sodium",
"Stroke Volume",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | Simple clinical assessment can be used to define profiles in patients admitted with HF. These profiles predict outcomes and may be used to guide therapy and identify populations for future investigation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does clinical assessment identify hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to determine the relevance of a proposed classification for advanced heart failure (HF). Profiles based on clinical assessment of congestion and perfusion at the time of hospitalization were compared with subsequent outcomes.', 'Optimal design of therapy and trials for advanced HF remains limited by the lack of simple clinical profiles to characterize patients.', \"Prospective analysis was performed for 452 patients admitted to the cardiomyopathy service at the Brigham and Women's Hospital with a diagnosis of HF. Patients were classified by clinical assessment into four profiles: profile A, patients with no evidence of congestion or hypoperfusion (dry-warm, n = 123); profile B, congestion with adequate perfusion (wet-warm, n = 222); profile C, congestion and hypoperfusion (wet-cold, n = 91); and profile L, hypoperfusion without congestion (dry-cold, n = 16). Other standard predictors of outcome were included and patients were followed for the end points of death (n = 117) and death or urgent transplantation (n = 137) at one year.\", 'Survival analysis showed that clinical profiles predict outcomes in HF. Profiles B and C increase the risk of death plus urgent transplantation by univariate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, p = 0.02) and multivariate analyses (HR 2.48, p = 0.003). Moreover, clinical profiles add prognostic information even when limited to patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV symptoms (profile B: HR 2.23, p = 0.026; profile C: HR 2.73, p = 0.009).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sodium', 'Stroke Volume', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,767,664 | Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to sarcomeric gene mutations characterized by impaired energy metabolism irrespective of the degree of hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated cardiac energetics in subjects with mutations in three different familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disease genes, some of whom were nonpenetrant carriers without hypertrophy, using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.",
"Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in sarcomeric protein genes. The mechanism by which these mutant proteins cause disease is uncertain. A defect of myocyte contractility had been proposed, but in vitro studies of force generation have subsequently shown opposing results in different classes of mutation. An alternative hypothesis of \"energy compromise\" resulting from inefficient utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been suggested, but in vivo data in humans with genotyped HCM are lacking.",
"The cardiac phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP ratio was determined at rest in 31 patients harboring mutations in the genes for either beta-myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponin T, or myosin-binding protein C, and in 24 controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular (LV) dimensions and maximal wall thickness.",
"The PCr/ATP was reduced in the HCM subjects by 30% relative to controls (1.70 +/- 0.43 vs. 2.44 +/- 0.30; p < 0.001), and the reduction was of a similar magnitude in all three disease-gene groups. The PCr/ATP was equally reduced in subjects with (n = 24) and without (n = 7) LV hypertrophy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Triphosphate",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cardiac Myosins",
"Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Child",
"Echocardiography, Transesophageal",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Mutation, Missense",
"Myocardium",
"Phosphocreatine",
"Troponin T",
"Ventricular Myosins"
]
} | Our data provide evidence of a bioenergetic deficit in genotype-confirmed HCM, which is present to a similar degree in three disease-gene groups. The presence of energetic abnormalities, even in those without hypertrophy, supports a proposed link between altered cardiac energetics and development of the disease phenotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to sarcomeric gene mutations characterized by impaired energy metabolism irrespective of the degree of hypertrophy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated cardiac energetics in subjects with mutations in three different familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disease genes, some of whom were nonpenetrant carriers without hypertrophy, using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.', 'Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in sarcomeric protein genes. The mechanism by which these mutant proteins cause disease is uncertain. A defect of myocyte contractility had been proposed, but in vitro studies of force generation have subsequently shown opposing results in different classes of mutation. An alternative hypothesis of \"energy compromise\" resulting from inefficient utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been suggested, but in vivo data in humans with genotyped HCM are lacking.', 'The cardiac phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP ratio was determined at rest in 31 patients harboring mutations in the genes for either beta-myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponin T, or myosin-binding protein C, and in 24 controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular (LV) dimensions and maximal wall thickness.', 'The PCr/ATP was reduced in the HCM subjects by 30% relative to controls (1.70 +/- 0.43 vs. 2.44 +/- 0.30; p < 0.001), and the reduction was of a similar magnitude in all three disease-gene groups. The PCr/ATP was equally reduced in subjects with (n = 24) and without (n = 7) LV hypertrophy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiac Myosins', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Child', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Troponin T', 'Ventricular Myosins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,884 | Do central retinal artery Doppler flow parameters reflect the severity of cerebral small-vessel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the usefulness of central retinal artery (CRA) Doppler flowmetry in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD).",
"CRA Doppler flowmetry was performed in 103 SVD patients who underwent MRI. Sixty-four adjusted control subjects were also registered. We assessed average CRA flow parameter values for both eyes with the clinical and MRI findings.",
"Each Doppler flowmetry was performed within 5 minutes. Patients with SVD had significantly lower end-diastolic and mean velocities of the CRA than control subjects; they also had higher pulsatility and resistive indexes. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of small infarcts was an independent predictor of peak systolic and mean velocities. Grade of periventricular hyperintensities was an additional independent predictor of peak systolic and mean velocities, whereas the number of small infarcts was predictive of end-diastolic velocity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Carotid Artery, Common",
"Cerebrovascular Disorders",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Pulsatile Flow",
"Retinal Artery",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color"
]
} | Flow parameters may be useful for the quantitative assessment of SVD severity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do central retinal artery Doppler flow parameters reflect the severity of cerebral small-vessel disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the usefulness of central retinal artery (CRA) Doppler flowmetry in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD).', 'CRA Doppler flowmetry was performed in 103 SVD patients who underwent MRI. Sixty-four adjusted control subjects were also registered. We assessed average CRA flow parameter values for both eyes with the clinical and MRI findings.', 'Each Doppler flowmetry was performed within 5 minutes. Patients with SVD had significantly lower end-diastolic and mean velocities of the CRA than control subjects; they also had higher pulsatility and resistive indexes. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of small infarcts was an independent predictor of peak systolic and mean velocities. Grade of periventricular hyperintensities was an additional independent predictor of peak systolic and mean velocities, whereas the number of small infarcts was predictive of end-diastolic velocity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Retinal Artery', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,775,886 | Is endoglin a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese? | {
"contexts": [
"A 6-base insertion (6bINS) polymorphism in intron 7 of the endoglin gene (ENG), which codes for a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex, was reported to be associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Japanese population. A recent report using a white population could not replicate the association. We tested for this association with high statistical power in our independent Japanese subjects and evaluated the linkage between markers on chromosome 9, which contains ENG, and IA.",
"The sample for the linkage study comprised 179 individuals with IA in 85 nuclear families, with 104 possible affected sibpairs. For the association study of the 6bINS polymorphism and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ENG, 172 Japanese patients with IA and 192 control subjects were examined.",
"There was no evidence of linkage in the vicinity of ENG by analysis of affected sibpairs. The allele frequency of the 6bINS polymorphism was 104 of 344 (30.2%) in the total IA group and 122 of 382 (31.9%) in the control group. The statistical difference in allele frequency between the 2 groups was not significant (chi2=0.245, df=1, P=0.620). The power of the present association study was 98.3% at a significance level of 0.05 on the basis of the allele frequencies in the previous study. In addition, no associations between the 4 SNPs in ENG and IA were detected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigens, CD",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9",
"Endoglin",
"Exons",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Linkage",
"Genetic Markers",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Aneurysm",
"Introns",
"Japan",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Sample Size",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1"
]
} | We provide evidence that there is no association between the 6bINS polymorphism or 4 SNPs in ENG and IA and that there is no linkage between the ENG locus and IA, indicating that ENG is not a major susceptibility gene for IA in Japanese. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is endoglin a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A 6-base insertion (6bINS) polymorphism in intron 7 of the endoglin gene (ENG), which codes for a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex, was reported to be associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Japanese population. A recent report using a white population could not replicate the association. We tested for this association with high statistical power in our independent Japanese subjects and evaluated the linkage between markers on chromosome 9, which contains ENG, and IA.', 'The sample for the linkage study comprised 179 individuals with IA in 85 nuclear families, with 104 possible affected sibpairs. For the association study of the 6bINS polymorphism and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ENG, 172 Japanese patients with IA and 192 control subjects were examined.', 'There was no evidence of linkage in the vicinity of ENG by analysis of affected sibpairs. The allele frequency of the 6bINS polymorphism was 104 of 344 (30.2%) in the total IA group and 122 of 382 (31.9%) in the control group. The statistical difference in allele frequency between the 2 groups was not significant (chi2=0.245, df=1, P=0.620). The power of the present association study was 98.3% at a significance level of 0.05 on the basis of the allele frequencies in the previous study. In addition, no associations between the 4 SNPs in ENG and IA were detected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigens, CD', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9', 'Endoglin', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Introns', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Sample Size', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
12,775,889 | Does neither arm nor face warming reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Hand warming and face warming, combined with inhalation of heated air, are reported to suppress shivering. However, hand or face temperature contributes only a few percent to control of shivering. Thus, it seems unlikely that manipulating hand or facial skin temperature alone would be sufficient to permit induction of therapeutic hypothermia. We tested the hypothesis that focal arm (forearm and hand) warming or lower facial warming, combined with inhalation of heated and humidified gas, only minimally reduces the shivering threshold (triggering core temperature).",
"We studied 8 healthy male volunteers (18 to 40 years of age) on 3 days: (1) control (no warming), (2) arm warming with forced air at approximately 43 degrees C, and (3) face warming with 21 L/min of air at approximately 42 degrees C at a relative humidity of 100%. Fluid at approximately 4 degrees C was infused via a central venous catheter to decrease tympanic membrane temperature 1 degrees C/h to 2 degrees C/h; mean skin temperature was maintained at 31 degrees C. A sustained increase in oxygen consumption quantified the shivering threshold.",
"Shivering thresholds did not differ significantly between the control (36.7+/-0.1 degrees C), arm-warming (36.5+/-0.3 degrees C), or face-warming (36.5+/-0.3 degrees C; analysis of variance, P=0.34) day. The study was powered to have a 95% probability of detecting a difference of 0.5+/-0.5 degrees C (mean+/-SD) between control and either of the 2 treatments at alpha=0.05."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Arm",
"Body Temperature",
"Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)",
"Face",
"Heart Rate",
"Hot Temperature",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Male",
"Reference Values",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Sensory Thresholds",
"Shivering",
"Wakefulness"
]
} | Focal arm or face warming did not substantially reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized volunteers. It thus seems unlikely that these nonpharmacological modalities will substantially facilitate induction of therapeutic hypothermia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neither arm nor face warming reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized humans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hand warming and face warming, combined with inhalation of heated air, are reported to suppress shivering. However, hand or face temperature contributes only a few percent to control of shivering. Thus, it seems unlikely that manipulating hand or facial skin temperature alone would be sufficient to permit induction of therapeutic hypothermia. We tested the hypothesis that focal arm (forearm and hand) warming or lower facial warming, combined with inhalation of heated and humidified gas, only minimally reduces the shivering threshold (triggering core temperature).', 'We studied 8 healthy male volunteers (18 to 40 years of age) on 3 days: (1) control (no warming), (2) arm warming with forced air at approximately 43 degrees C, and (3) face warming with 21 L/min of air at approximately 42 degrees C at a relative humidity of 100%. Fluid at approximately 4 degrees C was infused via a central venous catheter to decrease tympanic membrane temperature 1 degrees C/h to 2 degrees C/h; mean skin temperature was maintained at 31 degrees C. A sustained increase in oxygen consumption quantified the shivering threshold.', 'Shivering thresholds did not differ significantly between the control (36.7+/-0.1 degrees C), arm-warming (36.5+/-0.3 degrees C), or face-warming (36.5+/-0.3 degrees C; analysis of variance, P=0.34) day. The study was powered to have a 95% probability of detecting a difference of 0.5+/-0.5 degrees C (mean+/-SD) between control and either of the 2 treatments at alpha=0.05.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arm', 'Body Temperature', 'Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)', 'Face', 'Heart Rate', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Reference Values', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Shivering', 'Wakefulness']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,140 | Does cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhance human myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice? | {
"contexts": [
"For approximately 5% of autologous transplant recipients and a higher proportion of allogeneic transplant recipients, low level and delayed platelet engraftment is an ongoing problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which can be derived from bone marrow as well as other organs, are capable of differentiation into multiple cell types and also support hematopoiesis in vitro. Because cotransplantation of marrow-derived stromal cells has been shown to enhance engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that cotransplantation of MSC could enhance platelet and myeloid cell development.",
"We tested this hypothesis by transplantation of CD34-selected mobilized human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice with or without culture-expanded human MSC and evaluated human myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic engraftment with flow cytometry and in vitro cultures.",
"We find that MSC cotransplantation enhances human cell engraftment when a limiting dose (<1 x 10(6)) of CD34 cells is administered. This enhancement is characterized by a shift in the differentiation of human cells from predominantly B lymphocytes to predominantly CD13(+), CD14(+), and CD33(+) myeloid cells with a corresponding increase in myeloid CFU in the marrow. Megakaryocytopoiesis is enhanced by MSC cotransplantation as assessed by an increase in both marrow CFU-MK and circulating human platelets. In contrast, MSC do not affect the percentage of human bone marrow cells that expresses CD34(+)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cells",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred NOD",
"Mice, SCID",
"Myelopoiesis",
"Thrombopoiesis"
]
} | Cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells with CD34(+)-selected hematopoietic stem cells enhances myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhance human myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['For approximately 5% of autologous transplant recipients and a higher proportion of allogeneic transplant recipients, low level and delayed platelet engraftment is an ongoing problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which can be derived from bone marrow as well as other organs, are capable of differentiation into multiple cell types and also support hematopoiesis in vitro. Because cotransplantation of marrow-derived stromal cells has been shown to enhance engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that cotransplantation of MSC could enhance platelet and myeloid cell development.', 'We tested this hypothesis by transplantation of CD34-selected mobilized human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice with or without culture-expanded human MSC and evaluated human myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic engraftment with flow cytometry and in vitro cultures.', 'We find that MSC cotransplantation enhances human cell engraftment when a limiting dose (<1 x 10(6)) of CD34 cells is administered. This enhancement is characterized by a shift in the differentiation of human cells from predominantly B lymphocytes to predominantly CD13(+), CD14(+), and CD33(+) myeloid cells with a corresponding increase in myeloid CFU in the marrow. Megakaryocytopoiesis is enhanced by MSC cotransplantation as assessed by an increase in both marrow CFU-MK and circulating human platelets. In contrast, MSC do not affect the percentage of human bone marrow cells that expresses CD34(+).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Myelopoiesis', 'Thrombopoiesis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,763,293 | Does baseline personality functioning correlate with 6 month outcome in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"The assessment of outcome in schizophrenic patients should consider both the response to treatment and the recovery of social skills. The aim was to evaluate the outcome and related psychostructural and clinical factors in schizophrenic patients after they underwent 6 months of residential multimodal treatment.",
"Fifty-two schizophrenic patients enrolled in a multimodal treatment program were included in the study. Symptomatology and social functioning were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP) was used for the psychostructural evaluation.",
"After 6 months there was a significant improvement in the global scores of BPRS, SOFAS, and some areas of KAPP. The personality (KAPP) and social-occupational functioning (SOFAS) at baseline (T0) correlated with the global score of BPRS at 6 months (T6); moreover, SOFAS at T6 correlated with BPRS and KAPP at T0 and with the illness duration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Personality",
"Personality Assessment",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Sampling Studies",
"Schizophrenia",
"Schizophrenic Psychology",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The better the personality functioning in schizophrenic patients the better seems to be the response to treatment, with regard to symptoms as well as rehabilitation. Personality assessment might be useful for the individualisation of therapies, even within the context of a standardised program. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does baseline personality functioning correlate with 6 month outcome in schizophrenia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The assessment of outcome in schizophrenic patients should consider both the response to treatment and the recovery of social skills. The aim was to evaluate the outcome and related psychostructural and clinical factors in schizophrenic patients after they underwent 6 months of residential multimodal treatment.', 'Fifty-two schizophrenic patients enrolled in a multimodal treatment program were included in the study. Symptomatology and social functioning were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP) was used for the psychostructural evaluation.', 'After 6 months there was a significant improvement in the global scores of BPRS, SOFAS, and some areas of KAPP. The personality (KAPP) and social-occupational functioning (SOFAS) at baseline (T0) correlated with the global score of BPRS at 6 months (T6); moreover, SOFAS at T6 correlated with BPRS and KAPP at T0 and with the illness duration.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality', 'Personality Assessment', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Sampling Studies', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,780,946 | Are clinical variables poor selection criteria for the use of methacholine bronchoprovocation in symptomatic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with persistent air flow limitation and accelerated FEV(1) decline. AHR can influence diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We assessed the value of pulmonary function variables, symptoms, and history as selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing to detect AHR in symptomatic subjects.",
"Over a 4-year period we conducted a prospective study of consecutive subjects who underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. Baseline pulmonary function testing (PFT) and a questionnaire were obtained prior to methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. PFT and symptom and history variables were assessed as AHR predictors in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses for the whole group and for 4 different age groups.",
"There were 530 subjects, with ages ranging from 5 to 87 years, and 232 (44%) were positive for methacholine AHR. AHR was more prevalent among subjects < or = 25 years old (59%) and > 65 years old (47%) than among the other age groups. PFT values, symptom, and history variables had different AHR predictive values among the different age groups. Symptom and history variables had no AHR predictive value among subjects < or = 25 or > 65 years old."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Bronchial Provocation Tests",
"Bronchoconstrictor Agents",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Humans",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Selection",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Respiratory Hypersensitivity"
]
} | Young and elderly symptomatic subjects are more likely to have methacholine AHR. None of the clinical variables we studied has significant predictive value for methacholine AHR across the age groups, so these variables are poor selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing of symptomatic subjects. Given the high prevalence of AHR among these subjects, bronchoprovocation should be considered with all individuals who have respiratory symptoms of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, or chest tightness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are clinical variables poor selection criteria for the use of methacholine bronchoprovocation in symptomatic subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with persistent air flow limitation and accelerated FEV(1) decline. AHR can influence diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We assessed the value of pulmonary function variables, symptoms, and history as selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing to detect AHR in symptomatic subjects.', 'Over a 4-year period we conducted a prospective study of consecutive subjects who underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. Baseline pulmonary function testing (PFT) and a questionnaire were obtained prior to methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. PFT and symptom and history variables were assessed as AHR predictors in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses for the whole group and for 4 different age groups.', 'There were 530 subjects, with ages ranging from 5 to 87 years, and 232 (44%) were positive for methacholine AHR. AHR was more prevalent among subjects < or = 25 years old (59%) and > 65 years old (47%) than among the other age groups. PFT values, symptom, and history variables had different AHR predictive values among the different age groups. Symptom and history variables had no AHR predictive value among subjects < or = 25 or > 65 years old.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchoconstrictor Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Hypersensitivity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,445 | Is epidermal growth factor receptor - but not histamine receptor - upregulated in seasonal allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We were interested in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed difference in histamine (H) responsiveness between seasonal allergic rhinitic (SAR) and nonrhinitic (NR) subjects. We hypothesized that SAR subjects express higher nasal mucosal histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and 2 (H2R) levels than do NR subjects. In addition, we examined expression of genes involved in regulating the glandular response, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and mucins (Muc5Ac and Muc5B).",
"Fourteen subjects, seven SAR and seven NR, were provoked during pollen season with doubling doses of H (0.125-8.0 mg/ml). Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured by active posterior rhinomanometry. Provocation was halted when NAR exceeded 150% of baseline. Prior to provocation, nasal scrapings were obtained and mRNA quantified using two-step real-time PCR.",
"The mean PD50 (concentration of H producing a 50% increase in NAR) was significantly lower in the SAR than NR group (0.36 vs 1.32 mg/ml; P < 0.05). The ratio of relative gene copy numbers between the SAR and NR groups were as follows: H1R, 0.85 (P = 0.52); H2R, 0.67 (P = 0.35); EGF, 1.02 (P = 0.93), and EGFR, 103.5 (P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Airway Resistance",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Female",
"Gene Dosage",
"Histamine",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasal Cavity",
"Nasal Provocation Tests",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, Histamine H1",
"Receptors, Histamine H2",
"Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | There were no significant differences in H1R or H2R mRNA levels between SAR and NR subjects in-season, despite observed differences in H reactivity. SAR subjects, however, did show a significant elevation in EGFR expression, consistent with the observation of mucus hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is epidermal growth factor receptor - but not histamine receptor - upregulated in seasonal allergic rhinitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We were interested in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed difference in histamine (H) responsiveness between seasonal allergic rhinitic (SAR) and nonrhinitic (NR) subjects. We hypothesized that SAR subjects express higher nasal mucosal histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and 2 (H2R) levels than do NR subjects. In addition, we examined expression of genes involved in regulating the glandular response, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and mucins (Muc5Ac and Muc5B).', 'Fourteen subjects, seven SAR and seven NR, were provoked during pollen season with doubling doses of H (0.125-8.0 mg/ml). Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured by active posterior rhinomanometry. Provocation was halted when NAR exceeded 150% of baseline. Prior to provocation, nasal scrapings were obtained and mRNA quantified using two-step real-time PCR.', 'The mean PD50 (concentration of H producing a 50% increase in NAR) was significantly lower in the SAR than NR group (0.36 vs 1.32 mg/ml; P < 0.05). The ratio of relative gene copy numbers between the SAR and NR groups were as follows: H1R, 0.85 (P = 0.52); H2R, 0.67 (P = 0.35); EGF, 1.02 (P = 0.93), and EGFR, 103.5 (P < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Airway Resistance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Gene Dosage', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nasal Provocation Tests', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Histamine H1', 'Receptors, Histamine H2', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,875 | Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Postoperative neurologic deficits after thoracic aortic reconstruction vary widely. Our previous study showed that delayed ischemic preconditioning could prevent spinal cord injury caused by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in pigs. We investigated early ischemic preconditioning in the same model.",
"Twenty-eight pigs were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 6) underwent a sham operation, group 2 (n = 6) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes, group 3 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 35 minutes, and group 4 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes and underwent aortic occlusion 80 minutes later without hypotension for 35 minutes. Aortic occlusion was accomplished by using 2 balloon occlusion catheters placed fluoroscopically at T6 to T8 above the diaphragm and at the aortic bifurcation. Neurologic evaluation was performed by an independent observer according to the Tarlov scale (0-4). The lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cords were harvested at 120 hours and examined histologically with hematoxylin-and-eosin stain. Histologic results (number of neurons and grade of inflammation) were scored (0-4) and were similarly analyzed. Statistical analysis was by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test.",
"Group 4 had a better neurologic outcome at 24, 48, and 120 hours in comparison with group 3 (P <.001). The histologic changes were proportional to the neurologic test scores, with the more severe and extensive gray matter damage in animals of group 3 (number of neurons, P <.001; grade of inflammation, P <.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta, Thoracic",
"Aortic Diseases",
"Arterial Occlusive Diseases",
"Blood Pressure",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ischemic Preconditioning",
"Spinal Cord",
"Spinal Cord Injuries",
"Swine"
]
} | Early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension protects against spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion, as confirmed by using the Tarlov score and histopathology. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Postoperative neurologic deficits after thoracic aortic reconstruction vary widely. Our previous study showed that delayed ischemic preconditioning could prevent spinal cord injury caused by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in pigs. We investigated early ischemic preconditioning in the same model.', 'Twenty-eight pigs were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 6) underwent a sham operation, group 2 (n = 6) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes, group 3 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 35 minutes, and group 4 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes and underwent aortic occlusion 80 minutes later without hypotension for 35 minutes. Aortic occlusion was accomplished by using 2 balloon occlusion catheters placed fluoroscopically at T6 to T8 above the diaphragm and at the aortic bifurcation. Neurologic evaluation was performed by an independent observer according to the Tarlov scale (0-4). The lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cords were harvested at 120 hours and examined histologically with hematoxylin-and-eosin stain. Histologic results (number of neurons and grade of inflammation) were scored (0-4) and were similarly analyzed. Statistical analysis was by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test.', 'Group 4 had a better neurologic outcome at 24, 48, and 120 hours in comparison with group 3 (P <.001). The histologic changes were proportional to the neurologic test scores, with the more severe and extensive gray matter damage in animals of group 3 (number of neurons, P <.001; grade of inflammation, P <.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Blood Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,876 | Does pretreatment with statins enhance myocardial protection during coronary revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"This experimental study was undertaken to determine whether pretreatment with statins would enhance myocardial protection and minimize ischemic injury during revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium.",
"In 20 pigs the second and third diagonal arteries were occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 45 minutes of blood cardioplegic arrest and 180 minutes of reperfusion. Ten pigs received atorvastatin (40 mg orally every day) for 21 days before surgical intervention; 10 others received no statins. Ischemic damage was assessed on the basis of the need for cardioversions for ventricular arrhythmias, regional wall-motion scores (4 = normal to -1 = dyskinesia) were determined by means of 2-dimensional echocardiography, endothelial function was assessed on the basis of bradykinin-induced coronary artery relaxation, and infarct size was calculated by determining the area of necrosis to the area of risk by means of histochemical staining. Results are given as means +/- SE.",
"Statin-treated animals required fewer cardioversions (0.11 +/- 0.01 vs 2.87 +/- 0.20, P =.0001), had improved wall-motion scores (2.81 +/- 0.10 vs 1.52 +/- 0.08, P =.01), had lower infarct size (21% +/- 2% vs 41% +/- 2%, P =.0001), and had more complete coronary artery relaxation (34% +/- 5% vs 8% +/- 4%, P =.01). Total serum cholesterol levels were similar between the groups (62 +/- 5 mg/dL for statin-treated animals vs 68 +/- 5 mg/dL for non-statin-treated animals, P =.30)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Atorvastatin",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Electric Countershock",
"Heptanoic Acids",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Lipids",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Myocardial Revascularization",
"Premedication",
"Pyrroles",
"Random Allocation",
"Swine"
]
} | Pretreatment with statins enhances myocardial protection during revascularization by means of mechanisms that are independent of their cholesterol-lowering properties. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pretreatment with statins enhance myocardial protection during coronary revascularization?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This experimental study was undertaken to determine whether pretreatment with statins would enhance myocardial protection and minimize ischemic injury during revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium.', 'In 20 pigs the second and third diagonal arteries were occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 45 minutes of blood cardioplegic arrest and 180 minutes of reperfusion. Ten pigs received atorvastatin (40 mg orally every day) for 21 days before surgical intervention; 10 others received no statins. Ischemic damage was assessed on the basis of the need for cardioversions for ventricular arrhythmias, regional wall-motion scores (4 = normal to -1 = dyskinesia) were determined by means of 2-dimensional echocardiography, endothelial function was assessed on the basis of bradykinin-induced coronary artery relaxation, and infarct size was calculated by determining the area of necrosis to the area of risk by means of histochemical staining. Results are given as means +/- SE.', 'Statin-treated animals required fewer cardioversions (0.11 +/- 0.01 vs 2.87 +/- 0.20, P =.0001), had improved wall-motion scores (2.81 +/- 0.10 vs 1.52 +/- 0.08, P =.01), had lower infarct size (21% +/- 2% vs 41% +/- 2%, P =.0001), and had more complete coronary artery relaxation (34% +/- 5% vs 8% +/- 4%, P =.01). Total serum cholesterol levels were similar between the groups (62 +/- 5 mg/dL for statin-treated animals vs 68 +/- 5 mg/dL for non-statin-treated animals, P =.30).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Atorvastatin', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electric Countershock', 'Heptanoic Acids', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Lipids', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Premedication', 'Pyrroles', 'Random Allocation', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,771,873 | Does continuous insulin infusion reduce mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for death after coronary artery bypass grafting. Its relative risk may be related to the level of perioperative hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that strict glucose control with a continuous insulin infusion in the perioperative period would reduce hospital mortality.",
"All patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 3554) were treated aggressively with either subcutaneous insulin (1987-1991) or with continuous insulin infusion (1992-2001) for hyperglycemia. Predicted and observed hospital mortalities were compared with both internal and external (Society of Thoracic Surgeons 1996) multivariable risk models.",
"Observed mortality with continuous insulin infusion (2.5%, n = 65/2612) was significantly lower than with subcutaneous insulin (5.3%, n = 50/942, P <.0001). Likewise, glucose control was significantly better with continuous insulin infusion (177 +/- 30 mg/dL vs 213 +/- 41 mg/dL, P <.0001). For internal comparison, multivariable analysis showed that continuous insulin infusion was independently protective against death (odds ratio 0.43, P =.001). Conversely, cardiogenic shock, renal failure, reoperation, nonelective operative status, older age, concomitant peripheral or cerebral vascular disease, decreasing ejection fraction, unstable angina, and history of atrial fibrillation increased the risk of death. For external comparison, observed mortality with continuous insulin infusion was significantly less than that predicted by the model (observed/expected ratio 0.63, P <.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that continuous insulin infusion added an independently protective effect against death (odds ratio 0.50, P =.005) to the constellation of risk factors in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk model."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Blood Glucose",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Coronary Disease",
"Diabetes Complications",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Female",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Insulin",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Preoperative Care",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Continuous insulin infusion eliminates the incremental increase in in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting associated with diabetes. The protective effect of continuous insulin infusion may stem from the effective metabolic use of excess glucose to favorably alter pathways of myocardial adenosine triphosphate production. Continuous insulin infusion should become the standard of care for glycometabolic control in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does continuous insulin infusion reduce mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for death after coronary artery bypass grafting. Its relative risk may be related to the level of perioperative hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that strict glucose control with a continuous insulin infusion in the perioperative period would reduce hospital mortality.', 'All patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 3554) were treated aggressively with either subcutaneous insulin (1987-1991) or with continuous insulin infusion (1992-2001) for hyperglycemia. Predicted and observed hospital mortalities were compared with both internal and external (Society of Thoracic Surgeons 1996) multivariable risk models.', 'Observed mortality with continuous insulin infusion (2.5%, n = 65/2612) was significantly lower than with subcutaneous insulin (5.3%, n = 50/942, P <.0001). Likewise, glucose control was significantly better with continuous insulin infusion (177 +/- 30 mg/dL vs 213 +/- 41 mg/dL, P <.0001). For internal comparison, multivariable analysis showed that continuous insulin infusion was independently protective against death (odds ratio 0.43, P =.001). Conversely, cardiogenic shock, renal failure, reoperation, nonelective operative status, older age, concomitant peripheral or cerebral vascular disease, decreasing ejection fraction, unstable angina, and history of atrial fibrillation increased the risk of death. For external comparison, observed mortality with continuous insulin infusion was significantly less than that predicted by the model (observed/expected ratio 0.63, P <.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that continuous insulin infusion added an independently protective effect against death (odds ratio 0.50, P =.005) to the constellation of risk factors in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk model.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Insulin', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,774,455 | Does positive washing cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer indicate a contraindication of pancreatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although peritoneal washing cytology has been widely used in the field of gynecology, it has not been performed so frequently in patients with pancreatic cancer. Only a few papers have reported surgical implications of peritoneal washing cytology.",
"We reviewed results of peritoneal washing cytology performed immediately after laparotomy in 50 Japanese patients with pancreatic cancer. The 50 patients were divided into two groups according to the results of cytology. Clinicopathological findings were compared between these two groups.",
"Cytology of peritoneal washing was positive in 13 (26%) of the 50 patients. Nine of the 13 patients had no visible peritoneal dissemination. There were no significant differences regarding the age, tumor size and serum level of the carcinoembryonic antigen. Moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and perineural invasion (ne3) and lymphatic permeation (ly3) of marked degree were more frequent in the positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.01). The survival curve of the 37 patients with negative cytology was significantly better than that of the 13 with positive cytology (p < 0.01). Four of 13 patients with positive cytology underwent a potentially curative resection but died within 12 months. Three of these four patients died of peritonitis carcinomatosa with massive malignant ascites and one died of local recurrence."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Ascitic Fluid",
"Contraindications",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatectomy",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Positive peritoneal washing cytology is not rare in patients with pancreatic cancer and indicates a contraindication of pancreatectomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does positive washing cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer indicate a contraindication of pancreatectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although peritoneal washing cytology has been widely used in the field of gynecology, it has not been performed so frequently in patients with pancreatic cancer. Only a few papers have reported surgical implications of peritoneal washing cytology.', 'We reviewed results of peritoneal washing cytology performed immediately after laparotomy in 50 Japanese patients with pancreatic cancer. The 50 patients were divided into two groups according to the results of cytology. Clinicopathological findings were compared between these two groups.', 'Cytology of peritoneal washing was positive in 13 (26%) of the 50 patients. Nine of the 13 patients had no visible peritoneal dissemination. There were no significant differences regarding the age, tumor size and serum level of the carcinoembryonic antigen. Moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and perineural invasion (ne3) and lymphatic permeation (ly3) of marked degree were more frequent in the positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.01). The survival curve of the 37 patients with negative cytology was significantly better than that of the 13 with positive cytology (p < 0.01). Four of 13 patients with positive cytology underwent a potentially curative resection but died within 12 months. Three of these four patients died of peritonitis carcinomatosa with massive malignant ascites and one died of local recurrence.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Contraindications', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,753,704 | Do [ Survivin mutants reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Survivin was aberrantly expressed in most cancer tissues, suggesting that survivin plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the function and mechanism of survivin mutants in tumor cells.",
"The site-mutant and truncated survivin mutants were transfected into HeLa cells and selected using G418. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Protein level of cyclin D1 was detected by Western blot analysis.",
"Survivin mutant plasmid expressed in the HeLa cells successfully. The expressed protein could be detected using related antibody. Colony formation ability significantly decreased in the HeLa cells with survivin mutants compared with that in the parental HeLa cells. The HeLa cells transfected instantly with survivin mutants could undergo apoptosis automatically. Meanwhile, survivin mutants could cause an increase of multinuclear HeLa cells. The effect of survivin-N showed more effective than that of survivin T34A. Survivin-N and survivin T34A could influence the expression of cyclin D1 and reduced its protein levels of 68% and 12%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cyclin D1",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins",
"Microtubule-Associated Proteins",
"Mutation",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Survivin",
"Transfection",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | Survivin mutants can partially reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells. The reduction of cyclin D1 induced by survivin mutants may play an important role in it. Survivin may be a target gene in gene therapy of cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Survivin mutants reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Survivin was aberrantly expressed in most cancer tissues, suggesting that survivin plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the function and mechanism of survivin mutants in tumor cells.', 'The site-mutant and truncated survivin mutants were transfected into HeLa cells and selected using G418. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Protein level of cyclin D1 was detected by Western blot analysis.', 'Survivin mutant plasmid expressed in the HeLa cells successfully. The expressed protein could be detected using related antibody. Colony formation ability significantly decreased in the HeLa cells with survivin mutants compared with that in the parental HeLa cells. The HeLa cells transfected instantly with survivin mutants could undergo apoptosis automatically. Meanwhile, survivin mutants could cause an increase of multinuclear HeLa cells. The effect of survivin-N showed more effective than that of survivin T34A. Survivin-N and survivin T34A could influence the expression of cyclin D1 and reduced its protein levels of 68% and 12%, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cyclin D1', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Survivin', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,766,068 | Is somatostatin an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor? | {
"contexts": [
"To detect the presence of somatostatin (SOM) in normal aqueous humor and to characterize its immunosuppressive activity.",
"Fresh rabbit aqueous humor was assayed for SOM by competitive ELISA. Primed T cells stimulated through their T-cell receptor (TCR) were treated with SOM at concentrations that ranged the level of SOM found in normal aqueous humor. The T cells were assayed for proliferation, lymphokine production, and immunosuppressive activity.",
"Normal rabbit aqueous humor contained 196 +/- 45 pg/mL (10(-10) M) of SOM. At concentrations between 10 and 300 pg/mL, SOM suppressed IFN-gamma production by TCR-stimulated primed T cells in culture. Frozen and thawed aqueous humor depleted of SOM no longer suppressed IFN-gamma production by the TCR-stimulated primed T cells. SOM induced TGF-beta but not IL-4 production, nor did it suppress proliferation by TCR-stimulated primed T cells. The SOM-treated T cells functioned as regulatory T cells, and this regulatory activity was neutralized by anti-alpha-MSH antibodies. Furthermore, SOM induced alpha-MSH production by the TCR-stimulated primed T cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aqueous Humor",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Hormones",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-4",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Rabbits",
"Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell",
"Somatostatin",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"alpha-MSH"
]
} | SOM is present in aqueous humor and contributes to the immunosuppressive activity of aqueous humor. Moreover, SOM induces the production of the potent immunomodulating factor alpha-MSH by TCR-stimulated primed T cells through which the SOM-treated T cells suppress other T cells. Thus, SOM can contribute to the ocular immunosuppressive microenvironment by promoting the production of immunosuppressive cytokines and inducing the activation of regulatory T cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is somatostatin an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To detect the presence of somatostatin (SOM) in normal aqueous humor and to characterize its immunosuppressive activity.', 'Fresh rabbit aqueous humor was assayed for SOM by competitive ELISA. Primed T cells stimulated through their T-cell receptor (TCR) were treated with SOM at concentrations that ranged the level of SOM found in normal aqueous humor. The T cells were assayed for proliferation, lymphokine production, and immunosuppressive activity.', 'Normal rabbit aqueous humor contained 196 +/- 45 pg/mL (10(-10) M) of SOM. At concentrations between 10 and 300 pg/mL, SOM suppressed IFN-gamma production by TCR-stimulated primed T cells in culture. Frozen and thawed aqueous humor depleted of SOM no longer suppressed IFN-gamma production by the TCR-stimulated primed T cells. SOM induced TGF-beta but not IL-4 production, nor did it suppress proliferation by TCR-stimulated primed T cells. The SOM-treated T cells functioned as regulatory T cells, and this regulatory activity was neutralized by anti-alpha-MSH antibodies. Furthermore, SOM induced alpha-MSH production by the TCR-stimulated primed T cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hormones', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Somatostatin', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'alpha-MSH']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
12,757,044 | Is systematic restaining of sputum smears for quality control useful in Burundi? | {
"contexts": [
"Routine tuberculosis control services in Burundi.",
"To determine whether systematic restaining of sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) prior to rechecking quality assessment is necessary.",
"Blinded rechecking of peripheral routine smears, including a second control of discordants, before and after restaining.",
"Without restaining, 10/825 (1.2%) negative, and 59/189 (31.2%) positive results were declared false. After restaining, there were 34 (4.1%) false negatives and 13 (6.9%) false positives, both highly significant changes. Before restaining, quantification of positive smears was usually considered too high, while after restaining 41 out of 42 positives were found to have too low readings."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Burundi",
"False Negative Reactions",
"Humans",
"Quality Control",
"Sputum",
"Staining and Labeling",
"Tuberculosis"
]
} | Despite mild climatic conditions in Burundi, restaining all slides before rechecking revealed an unrecognised, widespread problem of false negatives, rather than false positives. This indicated the need for critical re-appraisal of the standard procedure using cold staining, rather than re-training, as would have been inferred from results without restaining. Systematic restaining of all slides prior to rechecking may be more widely needed in National Tuberculosis Programmes to cover all possible serious causes of error. Cold staining should be avoided in field programmes since its performance is easily affected by frequently encountered adverse factors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is systematic restaining of sputum smears for quality control useful in Burundi?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Routine tuberculosis control services in Burundi.', 'To determine whether systematic restaining of sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) prior to rechecking quality assessment is necessary.', 'Blinded rechecking of peripheral routine smears, including a second control of discordants, before and after restaining.', 'Without restaining, 10/825 (1.2%) negative, and 59/189 (31.2%) positive results were declared false. After restaining, there were 34 (4.1%) false negatives and 13 (6.9%) false positives, both highly significant changes. Before restaining, quantification of positive smears was usually considered too high, while after restaining 41 out of 42 positives were found to have too low readings.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Burundi', 'False Negative Reactions', 'Humans', 'Quality Control', 'Sputum', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tuberculosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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