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18,571,029 | Do a novel stereolithographic surgical guide template for planning treatment involving a mandibular dental implant? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years, the concept of prosthodontic-driven implantology has received more attention. The precise placement of implants in accordance with greater safety and confidence allow the practitioner to offer a safer, more secure and predictable treatment than could previously be provided. In this report, this novel approach is illustrated through description of 1 difficult case.",
"Using principles of computer-assisted design and rapid manufacturing, the data acquisitioned from computerized tomography was used to plan implant rehabilitation and to transfer this information to the surgery as well.",
"The procedure of implant planning in this sophisticated technique has potential to yield substantial public health benefits."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alveolar Bone Loss",
"Alveolectomy",
"Computer-Aided Design",
"Dental Implantation, Endosseous",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Jaw, Edentulous",
"Mandible",
"Models, Anatomic",
"Patient Care Planning",
"Photography, Dental",
"Surgery, Computer-Assisted",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Tooth Extraction",
"User-Computer Interface"
]
} | It was demonstrated that the versatility of the technique allows not only precise translation of the treatment plan to the patient's mouth, but also offers many additional significant benefits including use of special guides during surgery which would be difficult to achieve with traditional procedures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a novel stereolithographic surgical guide template for planning treatment involving a mandibular dental implant?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In recent years, the concept of prosthodontic-driven implantology has received more attention. The precise placement of implants in accordance with greater safety and confidence allow the practitioner to offer a safer, more secure and predictable treatment than could previously be provided. In this report, this novel approach is illustrated through description of 1 difficult case.', 'Using principles of computer-assisted design and rapid manufacturing, the data acquisitioned from computerized tomography was used to plan implant rehabilitation and to transfer this information to the surgery as well.', 'The procedure of implant planning in this sophisticated technique has potential to yield substantial public health benefits.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Alveolectomy', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Mandible', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Photography, Dental', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tooth Extraction', 'User-Computer Interface']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,916 | Do neural stem cells improve learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether neural stem cells (NSC) with transgenic expression of human nerve growth factor (hNGF) transplanted into the brain could offer a therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).",
"We infused okadaic acid into rat lateral ventricles to establish a chronic AD animal model. In addition, NSC were stably transduced with hNGF and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) genes (NSC-hNGF-eGFP) by using a recombination adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector. These genetically modified stem cells were grafted into the cerebral cortex of AD rats.",
"AD model rats showed significant damage in learning and memory function, with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. The transferred hNGF gene conferred stable and high levels of protein expression in NSC in vitro. Moreover, the NSC-hNGF-eGFP, but not the NSC, survived, integrating into the host brain and enhancing cognitive performance after transplantation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Animals",
"Dependovirus",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fetus",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Humans",
"Learning",
"Male",
"Nerve Growth Factor",
"Neurons",
"Okadaic Acid",
"Rats",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Stem Cells",
"Transduction, Genetic"
]
} | The injection of okadaic acid into rat lateral ventricles constitutes a promising animal model for investigating selective aspects of AD. rAAV2-mediated hNGF delivery can render long-term and stable transduction of hNGF in NSC. NSC-hNGF-eGFP transplantation may offer a viable therapeutic approach for treatment of AD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do neural stem cells improve learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"We investigated whether neural stem cells (NSC) with transgenic expression of human nerve growth factor (hNGF) transplanted into the brain could offer a therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).\", 'We infused okadaic acid into rat lateral ventricles to establish a chronic AD animal model. In addition, NSC were stably transduced with hNGF and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) genes (NSC-hNGF-eGFP) by using a recombination adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector. These genetically modified stem cells were grafted into the cerebral cortex of AD rats.', 'AD model rats showed significant damage in learning and memory function, with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. The transferred hNGF gene conferred stable and high levels of protein expression in NSC in vitro. Moreover, the NSC-hNGF-eGFP, but not the NSC, survived, integrating into the host brain and enhancing cognitive performance after transplantation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alzheimer Disease', 'Animals', 'Dependovirus', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fetus', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neurons', 'Okadaic Acid', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Transduction, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,915 | Does hypermethylation-modulated downregulation of claudin-7 expression promote the progression of colorectal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The expression of tight junction-related transmembrane protein claudin-7 (CLDN7) and its regulatory mechanism were investigated in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).",
"Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine were conducted to analyze the methylation status at the CLDN7 promoter region in the Colo320 CRC cell line. We used a total of 26 stage 0 CRCs with an adenoma component and 90 invasive CRCs (stage I-IV), as well as their corresponding lymph node metastases, in an immunohistochemical study.",
"In Colo320 (CLDN7-negative) cells, hypermethylation at the CLDN7 promoter was detected and treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored CLDN7 expression. In CRC tissues, decreased CLDN7 expression was detected in 62% of stage 0 CRCs and 80% of stage I-IV CRCs, compared with their adjacent adenoma lesions and nonneoplastic epithelia, which had a close correlation with the incidence of vessel infiltration and clinicopathologic stage. Hypermethylation at the CLDN7 promoter was detected in 20% of CRCs with low CLDN7 expression. However, CLDN7 expression tended to be re-expressed in their corresponding lymph node metastases."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Azacitidine",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Claudins",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"DNA Methylation",
"Decitabine",
"Disease Progression",
"Down-Regulation",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Methylation",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic"
]
} | These findings suggest that the CLDN7 gene silencing by promoter hypermethylation and the resultant reduction of CLDN7 expression may play an important role in the progression of CRCs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypermethylation-modulated downregulation of claudin-7 expression promote the progression of colorectal carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The expression of tight junction-related transmembrane protein claudin-7 (CLDN7) and its regulatory mechanism were investigated in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).', \"Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine were conducted to analyze the methylation status at the CLDN7 promoter region in the Colo320 CRC cell line. We used a total of 26 stage 0 CRCs with an adenoma component and 90 invasive CRCs (stage I-IV), as well as their corresponding lymph node metastases, in an immunohistochemical study.\", \"In Colo320 (CLDN7-negative) cells, hypermethylation at the CLDN7 promoter was detected and treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored CLDN7 expression. In CRC tissues, decreased CLDN7 expression was detected in 62% of stage 0 CRCs and 80% of stage I-IV CRCs, compared with their adjacent adenoma lesions and nonneoplastic epithelia, which had a close correlation with the incidence of vessel infiltration and clinicopathologic stage. Hypermethylation at the CLDN7 promoter was detected in 20% of CRCs with low CLDN7 expression. However, CLDN7 expression tended to be re-expressed in their corresponding lymph node metastases.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Azacitidine', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Claudins', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Methylation', 'Decitabine', 'Disease Progression', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Methylation', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,568 | Is restoration of plasma von Willebrand factor deficiency sufficient to correct thrombus formation after gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) seems an interesting treatment alternative with long-term therapeutic potential. We investigated the feasibility of targeting the liver for ectopic expression of physiologically active von Willebrand factor (vWF).",
"The capacity of transgene-encoded murine vWF to restore vWF function was studied in a mouse model of severe vWD after liver-specific gene transfer by hydrodynamic injection. By using a hepatocyte-specific alpha1 antitrypsin promoter, a considerably higher and longer-lasting vWF expression was obtained when compared with a cytomegalovirus promoter, reaching maximum vWF plasma levels that are 10+/-1 times higher than the wild-type level. Liver-expressed vWF showed the full range of multimers, including the high molecular weight multimers, and restored factor VIII plasma levels, consistent with correction of the bleeding time 3 but not 7 days after gene transfer. Importantly, transgene encoded plasma vWF restored proper platelet adhesion and aggregation in a FeCl(3) induced thrombosis model."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bleeding Time",
"Chlorides",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Factor VIII",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Ferric Compounds",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Platelet Adhesiveness",
"Platelet Aggregation",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Thrombosis",
"Time Factors",
"alpha 1-Antitrypsin",
"von Willebrand Diseases",
"von Willebrand Factor"
]
} | High ectopic expression of transgene encoded plasma vWF can be obtained after gene transfer to the liver. Liver-expressed vWF was fully multimerized and able to restore proper platelet plug formation in severe vWD. The liver therefore seems an attractive target for gene therapy for severe vWD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is restoration of plasma von Willebrand factor deficiency sufficient to correct thrombus formation after gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) seems an interesting treatment alternative with long-term therapeutic potential. We investigated the feasibility of targeting the liver for ectopic expression of physiologically active von Willebrand factor (vWF).', 'The capacity of transgene-encoded murine vWF to restore vWF function was studied in a mouse model of severe vWD after liver-specific gene transfer by hydrodynamic injection. By using a hepatocyte-specific alpha1 antitrypsin promoter, a considerably higher and longer-lasting vWF expression was obtained when compared with a cytomegalovirus promoter, reaching maximum vWF plasma levels that are 10+/-1 times higher than the wild-type level. Liver-expressed vWF showed the full range of multimers, including the high molecular weight multimers, and restored factor VIII plasma levels, consistent with correction of the bleeding time 3 but not 7 days after gene transfer. Importantly, transgene encoded plasma vWF restored proper platelet adhesion and aggregation in a FeCl(3) induced thrombosis model.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bleeding Time', 'Chlorides', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Factor VIII', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Platelet Adhesiveness', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Thrombosis', 'Time Factors', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin', 'von Willebrand Diseases', 'von Willebrand Factor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,566 | Is triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-associated apolipoprotein C-III production stimulated by plasma free fatty acids in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistant states are associated with increased fatty acid flux to liver and intestine, which stimulates the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). ApoC-III production and plasma and TRL concentrations are increased in insulin resistance and may contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia of these conditions. The mechanism underlying that increase is not known, but because apoC-III and VLDL production are closely linked we hypothesized that FFAs may stimulate TRL apoC-III production.",
"We used Intralipid/heparin (IH) to raise plasma FFA in 12 healthy men in the fed state, and stable isotopes to examine apoC-III metabolism. TRL apoC-III concentration was significantly higher in the IH study, and this increase was associated with higher production (PR) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR). The increase in production was greater than in FCR (90% versus 30%, respectively), accounting for the elevated concentration. Glycerol infusion had no effect on apoC-III concentration, PR, or FCR compared to saline, indicating that the effect was not attributable to glycerol released from intralipid."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Apolipoprotein C-III",
"Fat Emulsions, Intravenous",
"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified",
"Glycerol",
"Heparin",
"Humans",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Lipolysis",
"Lipoproteins, HDL",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postprandial Period",
"Random Allocation",
"Triglycerides",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These findings confirm that TRL apoC-III production is stimulated by an acute elevation of plasma FFAs, suggesting a novel regulatory pathway that may play a role in the overproduction of TRL apoC-III in insulin resistant states. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-associated apolipoprotein C-III production stimulated by plasma free fatty acids in humans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Insulin resistant states are associated with increased fatty acid flux to liver and intestine, which stimulates the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). ApoC-III production and plasma and TRL concentrations are increased in insulin resistance and may contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia of these conditions. The mechanism underlying that increase is not known, but because apoC-III and VLDL production are closely linked we hypothesized that FFAs may stimulate TRL apoC-III production.', 'We used Intralipid/heparin (IH) to raise plasma FFA in 12 healthy men in the fed state, and stable isotopes to examine apoC-III metabolism. TRL apoC-III concentration was significantly higher in the IH study, and this increase was associated with higher production (PR) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR). The increase in production was greater than in FCR (90% versus 30%, respectively), accounting for the elevated concentration. Glycerol infusion had no effect on apoC-III concentration, PR, or FCR compared to saline, indicating that the effect was not attributable to glycerol released from intralipid.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Apolipoprotein C-III', 'Fat Emulsions, Intravenous', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Glycerol', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Lipolysis', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postprandial Period', 'Random Allocation', 'Triglycerides', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,545,997 | Is cisplatin sensitivity of oral squamous carcinoma cells regulated by Na+ , K+-ATPase activity rather than copper-transporting P-type ATPases , ATP7A and ATP7B? | {
"contexts": [
"Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs, but tumor cells' acquired resistance to CDDP limits its therapeutic potentials. One of the main reasons of resistance is reduced drug accumulation. The mechanism by which tumor cells accumulate reduced CDDP is not well elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to investigate what regulates intracellular CDDP accumulation.",
"Six different types of oral squamous carcinoma cells were used in this study. Assessment of CDDP sensitivity was determined by measuring the ATP level of the cells. Intracellular CDDP and copper (Cu) accumulation were measured and CDDP efflux study was conducted. Assessment of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha and beta subunits, ATP7A and ATP7B was done by western blotting. Specific activities of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and copper-transporting P-type ATPase (Cu(2+)-ATPase) were detected and a role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor in intracellular CDDP accumulation was examined.",
"Among the cells HSC-3 and BHY cells were found most CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-resistant, respectively. The most CDDP-sensitive HSC-3 cells exhibited an increased intracellular cisplatin accumulation, high Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and over-expressed Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha and beta subunits, ATP7A and ATP7B, compared to the most CDDP-resistant BHY cells, but there were no such differences between the two in the CDDP efflux level or Cu(2+)-ATPase activity. Moreover, pretreatment with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor markedly reduced intracellular cisplatin accumulation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Triphosphatases",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cation Transport Proteins",
"Cisplatin",
"Copper",
"Copper-transporting ATPases",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Humans",
"Mouth Neoplasms",
"Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity is responsible for regulating intracellular CDDP accumulation in oral squamous carcinoma cells rather than Cu(2+)-ATPase. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cisplatin sensitivity of oral squamous carcinoma cells regulated by Na+ , K+-ATPase activity rather than copper-transporting P-type ATPases , ATP7A and ATP7B?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs, but tumor cells' acquired resistance to CDDP limits its therapeutic potentials. One of the main reasons of resistance is reduced drug accumulation. The mechanism by which tumor cells accumulate reduced CDDP is not well elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to investigate what regulates intracellular CDDP accumulation.\", 'Six different types of oral squamous carcinoma cells were used in this study. Assessment of CDDP sensitivity was determined by measuring the ATP level of the cells. Intracellular CDDP and copper (Cu) accumulation were measured and CDDP efflux study was conducted. Assessment of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha and beta subunits, ATP7A and ATP7B was done by western blotting. Specific activities of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and copper-transporting P-type ATPase (Cu(2+)-ATPase) were detected and a role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor in intracellular CDDP accumulation was examined.', 'Among the cells HSC-3 and BHY cells were found most CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-resistant, respectively. The most CDDP-sensitive HSC-3 cells exhibited an increased intracellular cisplatin accumulation, high Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and over-expressed Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha and beta subunits, ATP7A and ATP7B, compared to the most CDDP-resistant BHY cells, but there were no such differences between the two in the CDDP efflux level or Cu(2+)-ATPase activity. Moreover, pretreatment with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor markedly reduced intracellular cisplatin accumulation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Cisplatin', 'Copper', 'Copper-transporting ATPases', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,549,934 | Are interleukin-6 and neutrophils associated with long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Assessing acute myocardial infarction (MI) with respect to long-term survival is not easy. Authorities in the field suggest that inflammation predicts short-range (up to 17 months) coronary death. It is not known whether long-term survival is associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between survival for more than 8 years and inflammation, i.e., circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil counts, in acute MI.",
"Patients with ST-segment elevation MIs (STEMI; n=33) and non-ST-segment MIs (non-STEMI; n=39) in 1996 were included in the study. All STEMI patients received thrombolytic therapy. Acute coronary angiography was not an option. Determination of IL-6 and neutrophils was carried out within 24 h after commencement of pain. The subjects were followed for more than 8 years (until December 31, 2005) using the national death registry. Inflammatory markers at the time of MI were compared with long-term survival (n=35).",
"At the time of acute MI, survivors for more than 8 years proved to have lower IL-6 (p<0.01) and decreased neutrophil counts (p<0.05). The differences remained (p<0.01 for both markers) when excluding deaths (n=11) occurring in 1996 and 1997. Subsequently, the subjects were divided into two equally sized groups, depending on their IL-6 values at the beginning of the study. As expected, a lower IL-6 was associated with a more favorable long-term prognosis (p<0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Neutrophils",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Circulating IL-6 predicts long-term survival after acute MI. Neutrophils appear to have prognostic value as well. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are interleukin-6 and neutrophils associated with long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Assessing acute myocardial infarction (MI) with respect to long-term survival is not easy. Authorities in the field suggest that inflammation predicts short-range (up to 17 months) coronary death. It is not known whether long-term survival is associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between survival for more than 8 years and inflammation, i.e., circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil counts, in acute MI.', 'Patients with ST-segment elevation MIs (STEMI; n=33) and non-ST-segment MIs (non-STEMI; n=39) in 1996 were included in the study. All STEMI patients received thrombolytic therapy. Acute coronary angiography was not an option. Determination of IL-6 and neutrophils was carried out within 24 h after commencement of pain. The subjects were followed for more than 8 years (until December 31, 2005) using the national death registry. Inflammatory markers at the time of MI were compared with long-term survival (n=35).', 'At the time of acute MI, survivors for more than 8 years proved to have lower IL-6 (p<0.01) and decreased neutrophil counts (p<0.05). The differences remained (p<0.01 for both markers) when excluding deaths (n=11) occurring in 1996 and 1997. Subsequently, the subjects were divided into two equally sized groups, depending on their IL-6 values at the beginning of the study. As expected, a lower IL-6 was associated with a more favorable long-term prognosis (p<0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Neutrophils', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,723 | Does the herbicide flamprop-M-methyl have a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action? | {
"contexts": [
"The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop-M-methyl [methyl N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-D-alaninate] was investigated.",
"For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used, which indicated a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides. Cytochemical fluorescence studies, which included monoclonal antibodies against polymerized tubulin, were applied to elucidate effects on mitosis and microtubule assembly in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 50 microM of flamprop-M-methyl, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells ceased within 4 h. The compound severely disturbed the orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, leading to defective spindle and phragmoblast structures. Cortical microtubules were only slightly affected. In late anaphase and early telophase cells, phragmoblast microtubules were disorganized in multiple arrays that hampered regular cell plate deposition in cytokinesis. Microtubules of the spindle apparatus were found attached to chromosomal kinetochores, but did not show regular organization associated with a zone of microtubule-organizing centres at the opposite ends of the cell. On account of this loss of spindle organization, chromosomes remained in a condensed state of prometaphase or metaphase. Unlike known microtubule disrupter herbicides, flamprop-M-methyl and its biologically active metabolite flamprop did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization to microtubules in vitro at 50 microM. In contrast, soybean plants responded sensitively to the compounds."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alanine",
"Herbicides",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Microtubules",
"Mitosis",
"Tubulin Modulators",
"Zea mays"
]
} | The results indicate that flamprop-M-methyl is a mitotic disrupter herbicide with a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action that affects orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, possibly by minus-end microtubule disassembly. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the herbicide flamprop-M-methyl have a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop-M-methyl [methyl N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-D-alaninate] was investigated.', 'For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used, which indicated a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides. Cytochemical fluorescence studies, which included monoclonal antibodies against polymerized tubulin, were applied to elucidate effects on mitosis and microtubule assembly in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 50 microM of flamprop-M-methyl, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells ceased within 4 h. The compound severely disturbed the orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, leading to defective spindle and phragmoblast structures. Cortical microtubules were only slightly affected. In late anaphase and early telophase cells, phragmoblast microtubules were disorganized in multiple arrays that hampered regular cell plate deposition in cytokinesis. Microtubules of the spindle apparatus were found attached to chromosomal kinetochores, but did not show regular organization associated with a zone of microtubule-organizing centres at the opposite ends of the cell. On account of this loss of spindle organization, chromosomes remained in a condensed state of prometaphase or metaphase. Unlike known microtubule disrupter herbicides, flamprop-M-methyl and its biologically active metabolite flamprop did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization to microtubules in vitro at 50 microM. In contrast, soybean plants responded sensitively to the compounds.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alanine', 'Herbicides', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microtubules', 'Mitosis', 'Tubulin Modulators', 'Zea mays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,531 | Does the quality of the early motor repertoire in preterm infants predict minor neurologic dysfunction at school age? | {
"contexts": [
"The quality of a child's motor repertoire at age 3 to 4 months postterm is predictive of later cerebral palsy (CP). Its predictive power for minor neurologic dysfunction (MND) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the quality of the early motor repertoire for the development of MND at school age.",
"We assessed the motor repertoire from video recordings made at 6 to 24 weeks postterm in 82 preterm infants (mean gestational age, 29.7 +/- 1.9 weeks; mean birth weight, 1183 +/- 302 g). At age 7 to 11 years, Touwen's neurologic examination was performed, and the children were classified as normal (n = 49; 60%), MND (n = 18; 22%), or CP (n = 15; 18%).",
"Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the quality of fidgety movements (FMs) and the quality of the concurrent motor repertoire had independent prognostic value for MND at school age. Abnormal FMs evolved into MND in 64% of the children. Nine of the 28 children with normal FMs and an abnormal concurrent motor repertoire developed abnormally (32%). Only 1 child of the 21 children with normal FMs and a normal concurrent motor repertoire developed MND (5%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenal Cortex Hormones",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Male",
"Maternal Exposure",
"Motor Activity",
"Motor Neurons",
"Nervous System Diseases",
"Neurologic Examination",
"Prognosis",
"Regression Analysis"
]
} | Assessment of the quality of the early motor repertoire can accurately identify individual infants at high and low risk for MND at school age. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the quality of the early motor repertoire in preterm infants predict minor neurologic dysfunction at school age?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The quality of a child's motor repertoire at age 3 to 4 months postterm is predictive of later cerebral palsy (CP). Its predictive power for minor neurologic dysfunction (MND) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the quality of the early motor repertoire for the development of MND at school age.\", \"We assessed the motor repertoire from video recordings made at 6 to 24 weeks postterm in 82 preterm infants (mean gestational age, 29.7 +/- 1.9 weeks; mean birth weight, 1183 +/- 302 g). At age 7 to 11 years, Touwen's neurologic examination was performed, and the children were classified as normal (n = 49; 60%), MND (n = 18; 22%), or CP (n = 15; 18%).\", 'Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the quality of fidgety movements (FMs) and the quality of the concurrent motor repertoire had independent prognostic value for MND at school age. Abnormal FMs evolved into MND in 64% of the children. Nine of the 28 children with normal FMs and an abnormal concurrent motor repertoire developed abnormally (32%). Only 1 child of the 21 children with normal FMs and a normal concurrent motor repertoire developed MND (5%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Motor Activity', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Prognosis', 'Regression Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,396 | Does the metastasis-associated protein S100A4 exist in several charged variants suggesting the presence of posttranslational modifications? | {
"contexts": [
"S100A4 is a metastasis-associated protein which has been linked to multiple cellular events, and has been identified extracellularly, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of tumor cells; however, the biological implications of subcellular location are unknown. Associations between a variety of posttranslational protein modifications and altered biological functions of proteins are becoming increasingly evident. Identification and characterization of posttranslationally modified S100A4 variants could thus contribute to elucidating the mechanisms for the many cellular functions that have been reported for this protein, and might eventually lead to the identification of novel drugable targets.",
"S100A4 was immuoprecipitated from a panel of in vitro and in vivo sources using a monoclonal antibody and the samples were separated by 2D-PAGE. Gels were analyzed by western blot and silver staining, and subsequently, several of the observed spots were identified as S100A4 by the use of MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF.",
"A characteristic pattern of spots was observed when S100A4 was separated by 2D-PAGE suggesting the presence of at least three charge variants. These charge variants were verified as S100A4 both by western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, and almost identical patterns were observed in samples from different tissues and subcellular compartments. Interestingly, recombinant S100A4 displayed a similar pattern on 2D-PAGE, but with different quantitative distribution between the observed spots."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Blotting, Western",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional",
"HCT116 Cells",
"Humans",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Protein Isoforms",
"Protein Processing, Post-Translational",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4",
"S100 Proteins",
"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"
]
} | Endogenously expressed S100A4 were shown to exist in several charge variants, which indicates the presence of posttranslational modifications altering the net charge of the protein. The different variants were present in all subcellular compartments and tissues/cell lines examined, suggesting that the described charge variants is a universal phenomenon, and cannot explain the localization of S100A4 in different subcellular compartments. However, the identity of the specific posttranslational modification and its potential contribution to the many reported biological events induced by S100A4, are subject to further studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the metastasis-associated protein S100A4 exist in several charged variants suggesting the presence of posttranslational modifications?\nContext: {'contexts': ['S100A4 is a metastasis-associated protein which has been linked to multiple cellular events, and has been identified extracellularly, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of tumor cells; however, the biological implications of subcellular location are unknown. Associations between a variety of posttranslational protein modifications and altered biological functions of proteins are becoming increasingly evident. Identification and characterization of posttranslationally modified S100A4 variants could thus contribute to elucidating the mechanisms for the many cellular functions that have been reported for this protein, and might eventually lead to the identification of novel drugable targets.', 'S100A4 was immuoprecipitated from a panel of in vitro and in vivo sources using a monoclonal antibody and the samples were separated by 2D-PAGE. Gels were analyzed by western blot and silver staining, and subsequently, several of the observed spots were identified as S100A4 by the use of MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF.', 'A characteristic pattern of spots was observed when S100A4 was separated by 2D-PAGE suggesting the presence of at least three charge variants. These charge variants were verified as S100A4 both by western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, and almost identical patterns were observed in samples from different tissues and subcellular compartments. Interestingly, recombinant S100A4 displayed a similar pattern on 2D-PAGE, but with different quantitative distribution between the observed spots.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4', 'S100 Proteins', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,400 | Does a physical map of the heterozygous grapevine 'Cabernet Sauvignon ' allows map candidate genes for disease resistance? | {
"contexts": [
"Whole-genome physical maps facilitate genome sequencing, sequence assembly, mapping of candidate genes, and the design of targeted genetic markers. An automated protocol was used to construct a Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' physical map. The quality of the result was addressed with regard to the effect of high heterozygosity on the accuracy of contig assembly. Its usefulness for the genome-wide mapping of genes for disease resistance, which is an important trait for grapevine, was then assessed.",
"The physical map included 29,727 BAC clones assembled into 1,770 contigs, spanning 715,684 kbp, and corresponding to 1.5-fold the genome size. Map inflation was due to high heterozygosity, which caused either the separation of allelic BACs in two different contigs, or local mis-assembly in contigs containing BACs from the two haplotypes. Genetic markers anchored 395 contigs or 255,476 kbp to chromosomes. The fully automated assembly and anchorage procedures were validated by BAC-by-BAC blast of the end sequences against the grape genome sequence, unveiling 7.3% of chimerical contigs. The distribution across the physical map of candidate genes for non-host and host resistance, and for defence signalling pathways was then studied. NBS-LRR and RLK genes for host resistance were found in 424 contigs, 133 of them (32%) were assigned to chromosomes, on which they are mostly organised in clusters. Non-host and defence signalling genes were found in 99 contigs dispersed without a discernable pattern across the genome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Chromosomes, Plant",
"Genes, Plant",
"Genome, Plant",
"Heterozygote",
"Immunity, Innate",
"Physical Chromosome Mapping",
"Plant Diseases",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Signal Transduction",
"Vitis"
]
} | Despite some limitations that interfere with the correct assembly of heterozygous clones into contigs, the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' physical map is a useful and reliable intermediary step between a genetic map and the genome sequence. This tool was successfully exploited for a quick mapping of complex families of genes, and it strengthened previous clues of co-localisation of major NBS-LRR clusters and disease resistance loci in grapevine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a physical map of the heterozygous grapevine 'Cabernet Sauvignon ' allows map candidate genes for disease resistance?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Whole-genome physical maps facilitate genome sequencing, sequence assembly, mapping of candidate genes, and the design of targeted genetic markers. An automated protocol was used to construct a Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' physical map. The quality of the result was addressed with regard to the effect of high heterozygosity on the accuracy of contig assembly. Its usefulness for the genome-wide mapping of genes for disease resistance, which is an important trait for grapevine, was then assessed.\", 'The physical map included 29,727 BAC clones assembled into 1,770 contigs, spanning 715,684 kbp, and corresponding to 1.5-fold the genome size. Map inflation was due to high heterozygosity, which caused either the separation of allelic BACs in two different contigs, or local mis-assembly in contigs containing BACs from the two haplotypes. Genetic markers anchored 395 contigs or 255,476 kbp to chromosomes. The fully automated assembly and anchorage procedures were validated by BAC-by-BAC blast of the end sequences against the grape genome sequence, unveiling 7.3% of chimerical contigs. The distribution across the physical map of candidate genes for non-host and host resistance, and for defence signalling pathways was then studied. NBS-LRR and RLK genes for host resistance were found in 424 contigs, 133 of them (32%) were assigned to chromosomes, on which they are mostly organised in clusters. Non-host and defence signalling genes were found in 99 contigs dispersed without a discernable pattern across the genome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Chromosomes, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Heterozygote', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Physical Chromosome Mapping', 'Plant Diseases', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vitis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,562,250 | Does acute opioid administration improve work-related exercise performance in patients with chronic back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"We studied the impact of acute opioid administration on work-related exercise performance in patients with chronic back pain. A double-blinded, random-order, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted. Subjects were predominantly men (63%), with a mean age of 49 years. Subjects performed a continuous lifting and lowering test to voluntary fatigue at a load equivalent to 33% of their predetermined maximal lifting load twice: Once after receiving a single intravenous dose of 1 mug/kg fentanyl (a narcotic analgesic) and once after saline placebo. Of the 30 subjects undergoing testing, 3 subjects were unable to complete testing due to medication-induced nausea. Subjects lifted on average 29.4 +/- 17.9 kg under the influence of fentanyl versus 25.6 +/- 3.1 kg with placebo (effect size = 0.23). Time to fatigue was higher in the fentanyl group (312 +/- 251.4 vs 231 +/- 199.9 seconds, effect size = 0.40), and these subjects also performed more total work (7004 +/- 5144 vs 4748 +/- 3147 J, effect size = 0.72). Opioid analgesia improves lifting performance in the short term in individuals with chronic back pain. Longer trials of the effectiveness of opioid analgesia as an adjunct to functional restoration programs are recommended."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Back Pain",
"Chronic Disease",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Exercise",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Fentanyl",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Lifting",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain Threshold",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Task Performance and Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | This article presents the results of a clinical trial showing that acute opioid administration improves work-related exercise performance in individuals with chronic back pain. Longer trials of the effectiveness of opioid analgesia as an adjunct to functional restoration programs are recommended. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute opioid administration improve work-related exercise performance in patients with chronic back pain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We studied the impact of acute opioid administration on work-related exercise performance in patients with chronic back pain. A double-blinded, random-order, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted. Subjects were predominantly men (63%), with a mean age of 49 years. Subjects performed a continuous lifting and lowering test to voluntary fatigue at a load equivalent to 33% of their predetermined maximal lifting load twice: Once after receiving a single intravenous dose of 1 mug/kg fentanyl (a narcotic analgesic) and once after saline placebo. Of the 30 subjects undergoing testing, 3 subjects were unable to complete testing due to medication-induced nausea. Subjects lifted on average 29.4 +/- 17.9 kg under the influence of fentanyl versus 25.6 +/- 3.1 kg with placebo (effect size = 0.23). Time to fatigue was higher in the fentanyl group (312 +/- 251.4 vs 231 +/- 199.9 seconds, effect size = 0.40), and these subjects also performed more total work (7004 +/- 5144 vs 4748 +/- 3147 J, effect size = 0.72). Opioid analgesia improves lifting performance in the short term in individuals with chronic back pain. Longer trials of the effectiveness of opioid analgesia as an adjunct to functional restoration programs are recommended.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Back Pain', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Lifting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,567,082 | Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish the role of FHIT in the pathogenesis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"We examined genomic alterations, as well as, mRNA and protein expression patterns from the FHIT gene, in 48 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Additionally, p53 mutations were analyzed.",
"Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%, P = 0.002). No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHIT. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the FHIT locus was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases for D3S1313. Reduced expression of FHIT protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 HCC samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case. There were no associations with abnormal transcripts, LOH, and Fhit expression. p53 mutations were identified in 9 of the 48 HCC cases. However, none of the cases displayed a G to T transversion at p53 codon 249."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acid Anhydride Hydrolases",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Korea",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Loss of Heterozygosity",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Aberrant FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues. However, Fhit expression was lost or reduced in a minor fraction of HCC tissues, while it was strongly expressed in non-cancerous liver tissues. Therefore, our study suggests that FHIT plays a role in relatively few HCC cases in South Korea. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To establish the role of FHIT in the pathogenesis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'We examined genomic alterations, as well as, mRNA and protein expression patterns from the FHIT gene, in 48 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Additionally, p53 mutations were analyzed.', 'Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%, P = 0.002). No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHIT. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the FHIT locus was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases for D3S1313. Reduced expression of FHIT protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 HCC samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case. There were no associations with abnormal transcripts, LOH, and Fhit expression. p53 mutations were identified in 9 of the 48 HCC cases. However, none of the cases displayed a G to T transversion at p53 codon 249.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acid Anhydride Hydrolases', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,547,417 | Is pancreatobiliary versus intestinal histologic type of differentiation an independent prognostic factor in resected periampullary adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Resectable adenocarcinomas in the pancreatic head, by definition \"periampullary\", originate from ampullary, duodenal, biliary, or ductal pancreatic epithelium. Typically, periampullary adenocarcinomas have either intestinal or pancreatobiliary type of differentiation, and the type of differentiation might be prognostically more important than the anatomic site of origin. The aim of the study was to determine whether the histologic type of differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in periampullary adenocarcinoma, and whether tumour origin predicts the prognosis in pancreatobiliary type carcinomas independently of resection margin involvement, tumour size, nodal involvement, perineural and vascular infiltration, and degree of differentiation.",
"Histopathologic variables in 114 consecutively resected periampullary adenocarcinomas of pancreatobiliary (n = 67) and intestinal (n = 47) type differentiation were evaluated using a standardized, systematic protocol for evaluation of the resected specimen (study group). Histologic type of differentiation and tumour origin were compared as predictors of survival, and the results were validated by comparison with a historical control group consisting of 99 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies performed before standardization of histopathologic evaluation. Associations between histopathologic variables were evaluated by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, comparing curves using log-rank test, and by univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis.",
"Both in the study group (n = 114) and in the historical control group (n = 99), the histologic type of differentiation independently predicted survival, while tumour origin predicted survival only in univariate analysis. Independent adverse predictors of survival in the study group were pancreatobiliary type differentiation (p < 0.001; HR 3.1; CI 1.8-5.1), regional lymph node involvement (p < 0.001; HR 2.5; CI 1.5-4.4), vessel involvement (p = 0.012; HR 1.9; CI 1.2-3.1), and increasing tumour diameter (measured in cm, p = 0.011; HR 1.3; CI 1.1-1.5). For pancreatobiliary differentiated adenocarcinomas (n = 67), lymph node status, vessel involvement, and tumour diameter remained independent prognostic factors, while tumour origin did not independently predict the prognosis due to significant association with tumour size (p < 0.001) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.004)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Ampulla of Vater",
"Biopsy, Needle",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Common Bile Duct Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Pancreatectomy",
"Pancreatic Ducts",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Pancreaticoduodenectomy",
"Probability",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Pancreatobiliary versus intestinal type of differentiation independently predicts poor prognosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. Lymph node involvement, vessel infiltration, and increasing tumour diameter are adverse predictors of survival in tumours with pancreatobiliary differentiation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pancreatobiliary versus intestinal histologic type of differentiation an independent prognostic factor in resected periampullary adenocarcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Resectable adenocarcinomas in the pancreatic head, by definition \"periampullary\", originate from ampullary, duodenal, biliary, or ductal pancreatic epithelium. Typically, periampullary adenocarcinomas have either intestinal or pancreatobiliary type of differentiation, and the type of differentiation might be prognostically more important than the anatomic site of origin. The aim of the study was to determine whether the histologic type of differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in periampullary adenocarcinoma, and whether tumour origin predicts the prognosis in pancreatobiliary type carcinomas independently of resection margin involvement, tumour size, nodal involvement, perineural and vascular infiltration, and degree of differentiation.', 'Histopathologic variables in 114 consecutively resected periampullary adenocarcinomas of pancreatobiliary (n = 67) and intestinal (n = 47) type differentiation were evaluated using a standardized, systematic protocol for evaluation of the resected specimen (study group). Histologic type of differentiation and tumour origin were compared as predictors of survival, and the results were validated by comparison with a historical control group consisting of 99 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies performed before standardization of histopathologic evaluation. Associations between histopathologic variables were evaluated by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, comparing curves using log-rank test, and by univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis.', 'Both in the study group (n = 114) and in the historical control group (n = 99), the histologic type of differentiation independently predicted survival, while tumour origin predicted survival only in univariate analysis. Independent adverse predictors of survival in the study group were pancreatobiliary type differentiation (p < 0.001; HR 3.1; CI 1.8-5.1), regional lymph node involvement (p < 0.001; HR 2.5; CI 1.5-4.4), vessel involvement (p = 0.012; HR 1.9; CI 1.2-3.1), and increasing tumour diameter (measured in cm, p = 0.011; HR 1.3; CI 1.1-1.5). For pancreatobiliary differentiated adenocarcinomas (n = 67), lymph node status, vessel involvement, and tumour diameter remained independent prognostic factors, while tumour origin did not independently predict the prognosis due to significant association with tumour size (p < 0.001) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.004).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Ampulla of Vater', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Common Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Pancreatic Ducts', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,561,952 | Does zinc aspartate alleviate lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) induced acute lung injury is mediated by activated neutrophils and formation of free radicals. Several antioxidants have been shown to attenuate such remote organ injury. We studied the effects of zinc aspartate on lung injury induced by II/R in rats.",
"Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. Group I was the control. Animals in Groups II and III (II/R + zinc aspartate [ZA]) underwent 60 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion, respectively. Rats in Group III also received 50 mg/kg zinc aspartate before 15 min of reperfusion. Lung tissue samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were obtained to assess lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Also, the levels of MDA, NO, and MPO activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.",
"Compared with the control, lung tissue MDA, NO levels, and MPO, ADA, XO activities were markedly increased (P < 0.05), whereas GPx activity significantly decreased in the II/R group (P < 0.05). However, administration of ZA significantly reversed these effects by reducing the levels of MDA, NO, and decreasing MPO, ADA, XO activities (P < 0.05). In addition, ZA significantly increased GPx activity (P < 0.05). The activity of MPO and the levels of NO and MDA were found to be higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in II/R group than the control (P < 0.05). Zinc aspartate significantly diminished MPO activity and the levels of NO and MDA compared with that of control rats (P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Deaminase",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Aspartic Acid",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Free Radicals",
"Glutathione Peroxidase",
"Intestines",
"Lung",
"Lung Injury",
"Male",
"Neutrophils",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Peroxidase",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Xanthine Oxidase",
"Zinc"
]
} | Our results indicate that zinc aspartate alleviates lung injury induced by II/R attributable to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does zinc aspartate alleviate lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) induced acute lung injury is mediated by activated neutrophils and formation of free radicals. Several antioxidants have been shown to attenuate such remote organ injury. We studied the effects of zinc aspartate on lung injury induced by II/R in rats.', 'Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. Group I was the control. Animals in Groups II and III (II/R + zinc aspartate [ZA]) underwent 60 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion, respectively. Rats in Group III also received 50 mg/kg zinc aspartate before 15 min of reperfusion. Lung tissue samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were obtained to assess lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Also, the levels of MDA, NO, and MPO activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.', 'Compared with the control, lung tissue MDA, NO levels, and MPO, ADA, XO activities were markedly increased (P < 0.05), whereas GPx activity significantly decreased in the II/R group (P < 0.05). However, administration of ZA significantly reversed these effects by reducing the levels of MDA, NO, and decreasing MPO, ADA, XO activities (P < 0.05). In addition, ZA significantly increased GPx activity (P < 0.05). The activity of MPO and the levels of NO and MDA were found to be higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in II/R group than the control (P < 0.05). Zinc aspartate significantly diminished MPO activity and the levels of NO and MDA compared with that of control rats (P < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine Deaminase', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Free Radicals', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Intestines', 'Lung', 'Lung Injury', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Peroxidase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Xanthine Oxidase', 'Zinc']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,385 | Are lysosome-related genes regulated in the orbital fat of patients with graves ' ophthalmopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The molecular mechanism involved in the hypertrophy of the orbital fat in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) remains unclear. Comparison of genome-wide expression profiles may help in the search for the gene sets involved in TED.",
"Twenty-five orbital adipose tissue specimens were obtained, from which the RNA was isolated. Four of the tissue specimens (from four individuals, two with TED and two control subjects) were subjected to cDNA microarray analysis. The data were analyzed by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to survey the biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of TED. Messenger RNA levels of some top-ranked genes in GSEA-selected pathways are validated by quantitative PCR (QPCR).",
"The expression of specific gene sets related to lytic vacuoles, lysosomes, and vacuoles were different between the specimens obtained from patients with TED and control subjects (P < 0.001). These three gene sets overlapped. For QPCR, four top-ranked genes were selected from these overlapping gene sets and another one that related to visual failure, using 21 independent samples of patients with TED (n = 15) and control subjects (n = 6). The results showed that ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 2, late infantile (CLN2; P = 0.044) and ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, juvenile (CLN3, which related to visual failure; P = 0.012) were significantly downregulated in the orbital fat of patients with TED. The expression of the beta subunit of hexosaminidase A (HEXB) was reduced as well, but the change did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.058)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Aminopeptidases",
"Biomarkers",
"Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases",
"Endopeptidases",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Graves Ophthalmopathy",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Microarray Analysis",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Chaperones",
"Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses",
"Orbit",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Serine Proteases",
"beta-Hexosaminidase beta Chain"
]
} | Lysosome-related genes, such as CLN2, CLN3, and HEXB, may be involved in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue hypertrophy in TED. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are lysosome-related genes regulated in the orbital fat of patients with graves ' ophthalmopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The molecular mechanism involved in the hypertrophy of the orbital fat in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) remains unclear. Comparison of genome-wide expression profiles may help in the search for the gene sets involved in TED.\", 'Twenty-five orbital adipose tissue specimens were obtained, from which the RNA was isolated. Four of the tissue specimens (from four individuals, two with TED and two control subjects) were subjected to cDNA microarray analysis. The data were analyzed by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to survey the biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of TED. Messenger RNA levels of some top-ranked genes in GSEA-selected pathways are validated by quantitative PCR (QPCR).', 'The expression of specific gene sets related to lytic vacuoles, lysosomes, and vacuoles were different between the specimens obtained from patients with TED and control subjects (P < 0.001). These three gene sets overlapped. For QPCR, four top-ranked genes were selected from these overlapping gene sets and another one that related to visual failure, using 21 independent samples of patients with TED (n = 15) and control subjects (n = 6). The results showed that ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 2, late infantile (CLN2; P = 0.044) and ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, juvenile (CLN3, which related to visual failure; P = 0.012) were significantly downregulated in the orbital fat of patients with TED. The expression of the beta subunit of hexosaminidase A (HEXB) was reduced as well, but the change did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.058).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Aminopeptidases', 'Biomarkers', 'Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases', 'Endopeptidases', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Graves Ophthalmopathy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses', 'Orbit', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Serine Proteases', 'beta-Hexosaminidase beta Chain']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,567,536 | Does subthalamic stimulation improve orienting gaze movements in Parkinson 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of subthalamic stimulation on visually triggered eye and head movements in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).",
"We compared the gain and latency of visually triggered eye and head movements in 12 patients bilaterally implanted into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for severe PD and six age-matched control subjects. Visually triggered movements of eye (head restrained), and of eye and head (head unrestrained) were recorded in the absence of dopaminergic medication. Bilateral stimulation was turned OFF and then turned ON with voltage and contact used in chronic setting. The latency was determined from the beginning of initial horizontal eye movements relative to the target onset, and the gain was defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the initial movement to the amplitude of the target movement.",
"Without stimulation, the initiation of the head movement was significantly delayed in patients and the gain of head movement was reduced. Our patients also presented significantly prolonged latencies and hypometry of visually triggered saccades in the head-fixed condition and of gaze in head-free condition. Bilateral STN stimulation with therapeutic parameters improved performance of orienting gaze, eye and head movements towards the controls' level"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Electric Stimulation Therapy",
"Female",
"Fixation, Ocular",
"Head Movements",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Movement",
"Orientation",
"Parkinson Disease",
"Photic Stimulation",
"Psychophysics",
"Subthalamus"
]
} | These results demonstrate that visually triggered saccades and orienting eye-head movements are impaired in the advanced stage of PD. In addition, subthalamic stimulation enhances amplitude and shortens latency of these movements. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does subthalamic stimulation improve orienting gaze movements in Parkinson 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To determine the effect of subthalamic stimulation on visually triggered eye and head movements in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).\", 'We compared the gain and latency of visually triggered eye and head movements in 12 patients bilaterally implanted into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for severe PD and six age-matched control subjects. Visually triggered movements of eye (head restrained), and of eye and head (head unrestrained) were recorded in the absence of dopaminergic medication. Bilateral stimulation was turned OFF and then turned ON with voltage and contact used in chronic setting. The latency was determined from the beginning of initial horizontal eye movements relative to the target onset, and the gain was defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the initial movement to the amplitude of the target movement.', \"Without stimulation, the initiation of the head movement was significantly delayed in patients and the gain of head movement was reduced. Our patients also presented significantly prolonged latencies and hypometry of visually triggered saccades in the head-fixed condition and of gaze in head-free condition. Bilateral STN stimulation with therapeutic parameters improved performance of orienting gaze, eye and head movements towards the controls' level\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Head Movements', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement', 'Orientation', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychophysics', 'Subthalamus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,273 | Are hyaluronan oligosaccharides potential stimulators to angiogenesis via RHAMM mediated signal pathway in wound healing? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if oligosaccharides of hyaluronan (o-HA) promotes wound recovery by accelerating angiogenesis and to study the mechanisms by which o-HA stimulates endothelial cell (EC) proliferation.",
"Using hyaluronidase digestion, we prepared a mixture of hyaluronan (HA) fragments sizesd 2 to 10 disaccharides units, and studied their effects on EC growth and migration in mimicking wound recovery in vitro. The effects of o-HA on EC growth in vitro were studied by counting cell numbers. The roles of 2 hyaluronan receptors on EC cells, CD44 and RHAMM (Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility), were studied in initiating signaling cascades, using immunoblot assay. Signal transduction was determined by blocking antibodies to CD44 and RHAMM. An in vitro wound healing model was prepared by scratching the cellular layer of cultured EC, and movement of cells into the denuded area was quantified.",
"o-HA was a strong stimulator to EC proliferation at low concentration 10microg/ml compared with native high molecular weight HA (n-HA) (P < 0.01). Signal transduction may be initiated by o-HA via RHAMM receptor on EC membrane, but not CD44. In the in vitro model, the lesion area was nearly completely recovered when the EC layer was exposed to o-HA 40hrs post-injury, whereas the wound area remained half recovered pretreated with native undegraded large HA and control medium.(P < 0.05 from 24 to 40hrs)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Division",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Hyaluronan Receptors",
"Hyaluronic Acid",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Oligosaccharides",
"Signal Transduction",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | Hyaluronan oligosaccharides may play a role in wound healing by increasing angiogenesis. o-HA-RHAMM binding dependent signal transduction pathway may be important in the regulation of angiogenesis associated with EC proliferation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are hyaluronan oligosaccharides potential stimulators to angiogenesis via RHAMM mediated signal pathway in wound healing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine if oligosaccharides of hyaluronan (o-HA) promotes wound recovery by accelerating angiogenesis and to study the mechanisms by which o-HA stimulates endothelial cell (EC) proliferation.', 'Using hyaluronidase digestion, we prepared a mixture of hyaluronan (HA) fragments sizesd 2 to 10 disaccharides units, and studied their effects on EC growth and migration in mimicking wound recovery in vitro. The effects of o-HA on EC growth in vitro were studied by counting cell numbers. The roles of 2 hyaluronan receptors on EC cells, CD44 and RHAMM (Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility), were studied in initiating signaling cascades, using immunoblot assay. Signal transduction was determined by blocking antibodies to CD44 and RHAMM. An in vitro wound healing model was prepared by scratching the cellular layer of cultured EC, and movement of cells into the denuded area was quantified.', 'o-HA was a strong stimulator to EC proliferation at low concentration 10microg/ml compared with native high molecular weight HA (n-HA) (P < 0.01). Signal transduction may be initiated by o-HA via RHAMM receptor on EC membrane, but not CD44. In the in vitro model, the lesion area was nearly completely recovered when the EC layer was exposed to o-HA 40hrs post-injury, whereas the wound area remained half recovered pretreated with native undegraded large HA and control medium.(P < 0.05 from 24 to 40hrs).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Signal Transduction', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,549,495 | Does genomic mid-range inhomogeneity correlate with an abundance of RNA secondary structures? | {
"contexts": [
"Genomes possess different levels of non-randomness, in particular, an inhomogeneity in their nucleotide composition. Inhomogeneity is manifest from the short-range where neighboring nucleotides influence the choice of base at a site, to the long-range, commonly known as isochores, where a particular base composition can span millions of nucleotides. A separate genomic issue that has yet to be thoroughly elucidated is the role that RNA secondary structure (SS) plays in gene expression.",
"We present novel data and approaches that show that a mid-range inhomogeneity (~30 to 1000 nt) not only exists in mammalian genomes but is also significantly associated with strong RNA SS. A whole-genome bioinformatics investigation of local SS in a set of 11,315 non-redundant human pre-mRNA sequences has been carried out. Four distinct components of these molecules (5'-UTRs, exons, introns and 3'-UTRs) were considered separately, since they differ in overall nucleotide composition, sequence motifs and periodicities. For each pre-mRNA component, the abundance of strong local SS (< -25 kcal/mol) was a factor of two to ten greater than a random expectation model. The randomization process preserves the short-range inhomogeneity of the corresponding natural sequences, thus, eliminating short-range signals as possible contributors to any observed phenomena."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3' Untranslated Regions",
"5' Untranslated Regions",
"Algorithms",
"Animals",
"Base Composition",
"Base Sequence",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17",
"Computational Biology",
"DNA, Intergenic",
"Exons",
"Genome, Human",
"Humans",
"Introns",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Nucleic Acid Conformation",
"RNA Precursors",
"Thermodynamics"
]
} | We demonstrate that the excess of strong local SS in pre-mRNAs is linked to the little explored phenomenon of genomic mid-range inhomogeneity (MRI). MRI is an interdependence between nucleotide choice and base composition over a distance of 20-1000 nt. Additionally, we have created a public computational resource to support further study of genomic MRI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does genomic mid-range inhomogeneity correlate with an abundance of RNA secondary structures?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genomes possess different levels of non-randomness, in particular, an inhomogeneity in their nucleotide composition. Inhomogeneity is manifest from the short-range where neighboring nucleotides influence the choice of base at a site, to the long-range, commonly known as isochores, where a particular base composition can span millions of nucleotides. A separate genomic issue that has yet to be thoroughly elucidated is the role that RNA secondary structure (SS) plays in gene expression.', \"We present novel data and approaches that show that a mid-range inhomogeneity (~30 to 1000 nt) not only exists in mammalian genomes but is also significantly associated with strong RNA SS. A whole-genome bioinformatics investigation of local SS in a set of 11,315 non-redundant human pre-mRNA sequences has been carried out. Four distinct components of these molecules (5'-UTRs, exons, introns and 3'-UTRs) were considered separately, since they differ in overall nucleotide composition, sequence motifs and periodicities. For each pre-mRNA component, the abundance of strong local SS (< -25 kcal/mol) was a factor of two to ten greater than a random expectation model. The randomization process preserves the short-range inhomogeneity of the corresponding natural sequences, thus, eliminating short-range signals as possible contributors to any observed phenomena.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': [\"3' Untranslated Regions\", \"5' Untranslated Regions\", 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Base Composition', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA, Intergenic', 'Exons', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA Precursors', 'Thermodynamics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,563,480 | Is the number of metastatic lymph nodes a significant risk factor for bone metastasis and poor outcome after surgery for linitis plastica-type gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Linitis plastica-type gastric carcinoma remains a disease with poor prognosis despite an aggressive surgical approach. Although a prominent pattern of disease failure is peritoneal carcinomatosis, some patients experience rapid disease progression without signs of the peritoneal disease.",
"Clinicopathologic data from 178 patients with linitis plastica-type gastric cancer operated on between 1991 and 2000 were analyzed. Survival stratified by curability of surgery, pN stage, and patterns of failure were evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and chi(2) test was used to evaluate correlation between the number of metastatic lymph nodes in terms of pN categories and the incidence of various patterns of metastasis and recurrence. Cox regression hazard model was used to identify independent prognostic factors.",
"R0 resection was performed only among 82 patients (46% of those who underwent laparotomy). Node metastasis was frequent with only 22 patients classified as pN0. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was observed in 131 patients and was the commonest pattern of recurrence. Bone metastasis, found in 13 patients, was associated with poor outcome, and its incidence was significantly correlated with the number of metastatic nodes. pT4 status and pN3 status were identified as significant independent prognostic determinants."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bone Neoplasms",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linitis Plastica",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Risk Factors",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Treatment strategy for the linitis plastica should in general combine surgery with aggressive treatment directed toward peritoneal disease. However, patients with >16 metastatic nodes more often are associated with bone metastasis than those with modest nodal involvement and suffer from poor prognosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the number of metastatic lymph nodes a significant risk factor for bone metastasis and poor outcome after surgery for linitis plastica-type gastric carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Linitis plastica-type gastric carcinoma remains a disease with poor prognosis despite an aggressive surgical approach. Although a prominent pattern of disease failure is peritoneal carcinomatosis, some patients experience rapid disease progression without signs of the peritoneal disease.', 'Clinicopathologic data from 178 patients with linitis plastica-type gastric cancer operated on between 1991 and 2000 were analyzed. Survival stratified by curability of surgery, pN stage, and patterns of failure were evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and chi(2) test was used to evaluate correlation between the number of metastatic lymph nodes in terms of pN categories and the incidence of various patterns of metastasis and recurrence. Cox regression hazard model was used to identify independent prognostic factors.', 'R0 resection was performed only among 82 patients (46% of those who underwent laparotomy). Node metastasis was frequent with only 22 patients classified as pN0. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was observed in 131 patients and was the commonest pattern of recurrence. Bone metastasis, found in 13 patients, was associated with poor outcome, and its incidence was significantly correlated with the number of metastatic nodes. pT4 status and pN3 status were identified as significant independent prognostic determinants.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bone Neoplasms', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linitis Plastica', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,180 | Does laser microdissection allow detection of abnormal gene expression in cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung? | {
"contexts": [
"Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung may result from a localized aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during lung development. We used laser microdissection (LMD) to isolate the epithelium and mesenchyme of CCAM, and studied candidate gene expression in these pure cell populations.",
"Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation tissue was obtained from fetal (n = 5) and postnatal (n = 5) surgical specimens. Normal fetal lung (n = 10) was obtained from abortus material, and normal postnatal lung (n = 5) was identified from surgical specimens. Whole tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using LMD, columnar bronchiolar type epithelium and underlying mesenchyme were isolated. Multiplex nested RT-PCR was then used to detect message levels of candidate genes.",
"Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction performed on LMD-isolated tissue, but not whole tissue homogenate, revealed differences between CCAM and normal lung. In this report, we focus on the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. By RT-PCR, there was 4-fold more epithelial expression of FGF9 in fetal CCAM vs normal fetal lung (P < .07). This was qualitatively confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We also detected decreased FGF7 expression in CCAM mesenchyme (P < .05) but no significant differences in FGF10 or FGFR2."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Child",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital",
"Female",
"Fetus",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 10",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 7",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 9",
"Fibroblast Growth Factors",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Lasers",
"Male",
"Microdissection",
"Reference Values",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Tissue Culture Techniques"
]
} | LMD may be used to overcome the limitations of tissue heterogeneity in the study of CCAM. Abnormal growth factor expression may play a role in the etiology of this lesion. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does laser microdissection allow detection of abnormal gene expression in cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung may result from a localized aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during lung development. We used laser microdissection (LMD) to isolate the epithelium and mesenchyme of CCAM, and studied candidate gene expression in these pure cell populations.', 'Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation tissue was obtained from fetal (n = 5) and postnatal (n = 5) surgical specimens. Normal fetal lung (n = 10) was obtained from abortus material, and normal postnatal lung (n = 5) was identified from surgical specimens. Whole tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using LMD, columnar bronchiolar type epithelium and underlying mesenchyme were isolated. Multiplex nested RT-PCR was then used to detect message levels of candidate genes.', 'Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction performed on LMD-isolated tissue, but not whole tissue homogenate, revealed differences between CCAM and normal lung. In this report, we focus on the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. By RT-PCR, there was 4-fold more epithelial expression of FGF9 in fetal CCAM vs normal fetal lung (P < .07). This was qualitatively confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We also detected decreased FGF7 expression in CCAM mesenchyme (P < .05) but no significant differences in FGF10 or FGFR2.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 10', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 7', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 9', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lasers', 'Male', 'Microdissection', 'Reference Values', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tissue Culture Techniques']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,181 | Does splenectomy reduce packed red cell transfusion requirement in children with sickle cell disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of splenectomy on packed-cell transfusion requirement in children with sickle cell disease.",
"Thirty-seven sickle cell children who underwent splenectomies between January 2000 and May 2006 at a children's hospital were reviewed. Data were collected 6 months preoperatively to 12 months postsplenectomy. Paired t test, analysis of variance, and multivariable regression analyses were performed.",
"Of 37 children with median age 11 years (range, 2-18 years), 34 (21 males) had data that allowed analyses. Twenty-six had Hgb-SS, 5 had Hgb-SC, and 3 had Hgb S-Thal. Laparoscopic splenectomy was attempted in 36 and completed successfully in 34 (94% success). The number of units transfused decreased by 38% for 0 to 6 months and by 45% for 6 to 12 months postsplenectomy. Postoperatively, hematocrit levels increased and reticulocytes concurrently decreased with a reduction in transfusion clinic visits. The decrease in transfusion was not influenced by spleen weight, age, or hemoglobin type. Two children had acute chest syndrome (6%), and 1 had severe pneumonia (3%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Age Factors",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Anemia, Sickle Cell",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Erythrocyte Transfusion",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Laparoscopy",
"Male",
"Monitoring, Physiologic",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Postoperative Care",
"Quality of Life",
"Regression Analysis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Factors",
"Splenectomy",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Laparoscopic splenectomy can be successfully completed in sickle cell children. Splenectomy significantly reduces the packed red cell transfusion requirement and frequency of clinic visits, in sickle cell children for at least 12 months postoperatively. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does splenectomy reduce packed red cell transfusion requirement in children with sickle cell disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of splenectomy on packed-cell transfusion requirement in children with sickle cell disease.', \"Thirty-seven sickle cell children who underwent splenectomies between January 2000 and May 2006 at a children's hospital were reviewed. Data were collected 6 months preoperatively to 12 months postsplenectomy. Paired t test, analysis of variance, and multivariable regression analyses were performed.\", 'Of 37 children with median age 11 years (range, 2-18 years), 34 (21 males) had data that allowed analyses. Twenty-six had Hgb-SS, 5 had Hgb-SC, and 3 had Hgb S-Thal. Laparoscopic splenectomy was attempted in 36 and completed successfully in 34 (94% success). The number of units transfused decreased by 38% for 0 to 6 months and by 45% for 6 to 12 months postsplenectomy. Postoperatively, hematocrit levels increased and reticulocytes concurrently decreased with a reduction in transfusion clinic visits. The decrease in transfusion was not influenced by spleen weight, age, or hemoglobin type. Two children had acute chest syndrome (6%), and 1 had severe pneumonia (3%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Postoperative Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'Splenectomy', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,562,736 | Does perfusion MDCT enable early detection of therapeutic response to antiangiogenic therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of our study was to determine whether perfusion CT can be used to detect early changes in therapeutic response to antiangiogenic therapy in an animal tumor model.",
"Twenty-five rats implanted with R3230 mammary adenocarcinoma (diameter, 1.2-2.0 cm) randomly received 7.5 or 30 mg/kg of an antiangiogenic agent, sorafenib, by daily gavage for 4 (n = 4), 9 (n = 9), or 14 (n = 5) days. Seven untreated animals served as a control group. Perfusion MDCT was performed at days 0, 4, 9, and 14 with 0.4 mL of ioversol (350 mg/mL) and included four 5-mm slices covering the entire tumor volume. Changes in tumor growth were determined by volumetric analysis of CT data. Serial changes in tumor volume and blood flow were assessed and correlated with pathology findings.",
"All control tumors grew larger (from 2.0 +/- 0.7 cm(3) at day 0 to 5.9 +/- 1.0 cm(3) at day 14), whereas all treated tumors shrank (from 2.5 +/- 1.1 to 2.1 +/- 1.0 cm(3)), with a statistically significant rate of growth or shrinkage in both groups (p < 0.05). Although perfusion in the control tumors changed little from day 0 to day 14 (day 0, 18.1 +/- 9.2 mL/min/100 g; day 4, 15.8 +/- 5.6; day 9, 21.7 +/- 12.2; day 14, 27.7 +/- 34), in the sorafenib group, the mean blood flow was significantly lower at day 4 (5.2 +/- 3.2 mL/min/100 g, 77% decrease), day 9 (6.4 +/- 4.0 mL/min/100 g, 66% decrease), and day 14 (6.3 +/- 5.2 mL/min/100 g, 83% decrease) compared with day 0 (23.8 +/- 11.6 mL/min/100 g) (p < 0.05). Poor correlation was seen between changes in blood flow and tumor volume for days 0-9 (r(2) = 0.34), 4-9 (r(2) = 0.0004), and 9-14 (r(2) = 0.16). However, when comparing day 4 images with days 9 and 14 images, seven of 14 (50%) sorafenib-treated tumors had focal areas of new perfusion that correlated with areas of histopathologic viability despite the fact that these tumors were shrinking in size from day 4 onward (day 4, 2.18 +/- 0.8 cm(3); day 9, 1.98 +/- 0.8 cm(3))."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiogenesis Inhibitors",
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Benzenesulfonates",
"Female",
"Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental",
"Niacinamide",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Perfusion",
"Phenylurea Compounds",
"Prognosis",
"Pyridines",
"Rats",
"Sorafenib",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Perfusion MDCT can detect focal blood flow changes even when the tumor is shrinking, possibly indicating early reversal of tumor responsiveness to antiangiogenic therapy. Given that changes in tumor volume after antiangiogenic therapy do not necessarily correlate with true treatment response, physiologic imaging of tumor perfusion may be necessary. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does perfusion MDCT enable early detection of therapeutic response to antiangiogenic therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of our study was to determine whether perfusion CT can be used to detect early changes in therapeutic response to antiangiogenic therapy in an animal tumor model.', 'Twenty-five rats implanted with R3230 mammary adenocarcinoma (diameter, 1.2-2.0 cm) randomly received 7.5 or 30 mg/kg of an antiangiogenic agent, sorafenib, by daily gavage for 4 (n = 4), 9 (n = 9), or 14 (n = 5) days. Seven untreated animals served as a control group. Perfusion MDCT was performed at days 0, 4, 9, and 14 with 0.4 mL of ioversol (350 mg/mL) and included four 5-mm slices covering the entire tumor volume. Changes in tumor growth were determined by volumetric analysis of CT data. Serial changes in tumor volume and blood flow were assessed and correlated with pathology findings.', 'All control tumors grew larger (from 2.0 +/- 0.7 cm(3) at day 0 to 5.9 +/- 1.0 cm(3) at day 14), whereas all treated tumors shrank (from 2.5 +/- 1.1 to 2.1 +/- 1.0 cm(3)), with a statistically significant rate of growth or shrinkage in both groups (p < 0.05). Although perfusion in the control tumors changed little from day 0 to day 14 (day 0, 18.1 +/- 9.2 mL/min/100 g; day 4, 15.8 +/- 5.6; day 9, 21.7 +/- 12.2; day 14, 27.7 +/- 34), in the sorafenib group, the mean blood flow was significantly lower at day 4 (5.2 +/- 3.2 mL/min/100 g, 77% decrease), day 9 (6.4 +/- 4.0 mL/min/100 g, 66% decrease), and day 14 (6.3 +/- 5.2 mL/min/100 g, 83% decrease) compared with day 0 (23.8 +/- 11.6 mL/min/100 g) (p < 0.05). Poor correlation was seen between changes in blood flow and tumor volume for days 0-9 (r(2) = 0.34), 4-9 (r(2) = 0.0004), and 9-14 (r(2) = 0.16). However, when comparing day 4 images with days 9 and 14 images, seven of 14 (50%) sorafenib-treated tumors had focal areas of new perfusion that correlated with areas of histopathologic viability despite the fact that these tumors were shrinking in size from day 4 onward (day 4, 2.18 +/- 0.8 cm(3); day 9, 1.98 +/- 0.8 cm(3)).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Benzenesulfonates', 'Female', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Niacinamide', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', 'Perfusion', 'Phenylurea Compounds', 'Prognosis', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Sorafenib', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,198 | Does total intravenous anesthesia with propofol augment the potency of mivacurium? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about the potentiating effect of propofol on neuromuscular blocking drugs. However, some animal studies indicate a dose-dependent increase of the potency of neuromuscular blocking drugs by propofol. This study compared mivacurium potency after five minutes and after 20 min of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (TIVA propofol).",
"Twenty-eight patients were randomized into two groups, after approval of the Ethics Committee and written consent. Anesthesia was induced, in all patients, using remifentanil 0.5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for two minutes, after which: 3 mg.kg(-1) of propofol was injected; a laryngeal mask airway was inserted; and intermittent, positive pressure ventilation was initiated. Anesthesia was maintained using TIVA propofol (titrated using bispectral index monitoring to 40-45). Neuromuscular monitoring consisted of phonomyography at the adductor pollicis muscle. In Groups 5 min and 20 min, a tetanic stimulation of the ulnar nerve commenced after four minutes and after 19 min of TIVA, respectively, followed by controlled, single twitch stimulation at 1 Hz for one minute. Boli of 60, 30, 30, and 30 microg.kg(-1) mivacurium, respectively, were administered (each drug increment was administered after the effect of the previous dose had caused a stable response), and single twitch stimulation continued at 0.1 Hz. The dose-response curve was determined for both groups; potency was calculated using log-probit analysis. Data were presented as mean (SD) and were compared using two-sided analysis of variance, P < 0.05.",
"Patient characteristics were similar in the two groups. The corresponding ED(50) and ED(95) values were greater, at 76.7 +/- 12.4 microg.kg(-1) and 146.6 +/- 27.6 microg.kg(-1) for Group 5 min, vs 46.7 +/- 12.2 microg.kg(-1) and 101.1 +/- 20.2 microg.kg(-1) for Group 20 min, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anesthesia, Intravenous",
"Drug Synergism",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Isoquinolines",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mivacurium",
"Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents",
"Propofol"
]
} | After 20 min of TIVA propofol, the potency of mivacurium is approximately 50% greater than after five minutes of TIVA propofol. For clinical purposes, it is important, therefore, to consider the duration of TIVA propofol before determining the dose of neuromuscular blocking drug. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does total intravenous anesthesia with propofol augment the potency of mivacurium?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Little is known about the potentiating effect of propofol on neuromuscular blocking drugs. However, some animal studies indicate a dose-dependent increase of the potency of neuromuscular blocking drugs by propofol. This study compared mivacurium potency after five minutes and after 20 min of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (TIVA propofol).', 'Twenty-eight patients were randomized into two groups, after approval of the Ethics Committee and written consent. Anesthesia was induced, in all patients, using remifentanil 0.5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for two minutes, after which: 3 mg.kg(-1) of propofol was injected; a laryngeal mask airway was inserted; and intermittent, positive pressure ventilation was initiated. Anesthesia was maintained using TIVA propofol (titrated using bispectral index monitoring to 40-45). Neuromuscular monitoring consisted of phonomyography at the adductor pollicis muscle. In Groups 5 min and 20 min, a tetanic stimulation of the ulnar nerve commenced after four minutes and after 19 min of TIVA, respectively, followed by controlled, single twitch stimulation at 1 Hz for one minute. Boli of 60, 30, 30, and 30 microg.kg(-1) mivacurium, respectively, were administered (each drug increment was administered after the effect of the previous dose had caused a stable response), and single twitch stimulation continued at 0.1 Hz. The dose-response curve was determined for both groups; potency was calculated using log-probit analysis. Data were presented as mean (SD) and were compared using two-sided analysis of variance, P < 0.05.', 'Patient characteristics were similar in the two groups. The corresponding ED(50) and ED(95) values were greater, at 76.7 +/- 12.4 microg.kg(-1) and 146.6 +/- 27.6 microg.kg(-1) for Group 5 min, vs 46.7 +/- 12.2 microg.kg(-1) and 101.1 +/- 20.2 microg.kg(-1) for Group 20 min, respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Intravenous', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mivacurium', 'Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents', 'Propofol']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,617 | Is standardization of flow cytometric minimal residual disease evaluation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia : Multicentric assessment feasible? | {
"contexts": [
"Single-laboratory experience showed that flow cytometric (FCM) assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is feasible in most patients and gives independent prognostic information. It is, however, not known whether FCM analysis can reliably be standardized for multicentric application.",
"An extensive standardization program was installed in four collaborating laboratories, which study FCM-MRD in children treated with the AIEOP-BFM-ALL 2000 protocol. This included methodological alignment, continuous quality monitoring, as well as personnel education by exchange and performance feed-back.",
"Blinded inter-laboratory tests of list-mode data interpretation concordance (n = 202 blood and bone marrow samples from follow-up during induction of 31 randomly selected patients of a total series of n = 395) showed a very high degree of inter-rater agreement among the four centers despite differences in cytometers and software usage (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.979 based on n= 800 single values). Lower concordance was reached with amounts of MRD below 0.1%. Comparing data from sample exchange experiments (n = 42 samples; ICC 0.98) and from independent patient cohorts from the four centers (regarding positive samples per time-point of follow-up as well as risk estimates) concordance was also good."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antigens, CD",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Multicenter Studies as Topic",
"Neoplasm, Residual",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | MRD-evaluation by FCM in ALL can be standardized for reliable multicentric assessment in large trials. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is standardization of flow cytometric minimal residual disease evaluation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia : Multicentric assessment feasible?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Single-laboratory experience showed that flow cytometric (FCM) assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is feasible in most patients and gives independent prognostic information. It is, however, not known whether FCM analysis can reliably be standardized for multicentric application.', 'An extensive standardization program was installed in four collaborating laboratories, which study FCM-MRD in children treated with the AIEOP-BFM-ALL 2000 protocol. This included methodological alignment, continuous quality monitoring, as well as personnel education by exchange and performance feed-back.', 'Blinded inter-laboratory tests of list-mode data interpretation concordance (n = 202 blood and bone marrow samples from follow-up during induction of 31 randomly selected patients of a total series of n = 395) showed a very high degree of inter-rater agreement among the four centers despite differences in cytometers and software usage (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.979 based on n= 800 single values). Lower concordance was reached with amounts of MRD below 0.1%. Comparing data from sample exchange experiments (n = 42 samples; ICC 0.98) and from independent patient cohorts from the four centers (regarding positive samples per time-point of follow-up as well as risk estimates) concordance was also good.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antigens, CD', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,276 | Is muscular tenderness in the anterior chest wall in patients with stable angina pectoris associated with normal myocardial perfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examines the relationship between the existence of chest wall tenderness evoked by palpation and the absence of ischemic heart disease defined by myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with known or suspected stable angina pectoris.",
"Two hundred seventy-five patients were recruited. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed on 273 of the subjects. Chest pain was classified according to type by criteria given by the Danish Society of Cardiology and severity by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor were palpated for tenderness using a standardized procedure.",
"The association between tenderness and myocardial perfusion imaging (normal vs abnormal) produced an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 (confidence interval, 1.26-3.99; P = .009). The OR was the same magnitude and significance when stratified by sex, age, type of pain, or class. When adjusting simultaneously for sex, age, type of pain, and class, the association between tenderness and myocardial perfusion imaging (normal vs abnormal) was still present (OR = 2.57; confidence interval, 1.342-4.902; P = .004)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Angina Pectoris",
"Chest Pain",
"Denmark",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Odds Ratio",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Palpation",
"Probability",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reference Values",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Thoracic Wall",
"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon"
]
} | Presence of tenderness in the anterior chest wall is associated with a higher prevalence of normal myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with known or suspected angina pectoris, and this association cannot be explained by a common association to age, sex, or pain. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is muscular tenderness in the anterior chest wall in patients with stable angina pectoris associated with normal myocardial perfusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examines the relationship between the existence of chest wall tenderness evoked by palpation and the absence of ischemic heart disease defined by myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with known or suspected stable angina pectoris.', 'Two hundred seventy-five patients were recruited. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed on 273 of the subjects. Chest pain was classified according to type by criteria given by the Danish Society of Cardiology and severity by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor were palpated for tenderness using a standardized procedure.', 'The association between tenderness and myocardial perfusion imaging (normal vs abnormal) produced an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 (confidence interval, 1.26-3.99; P = .009). The OR was the same magnitude and significance when stratified by sex, age, type of pain, or class. When adjusting simultaneously for sex, age, type of pain, and class, the association between tenderness and myocardial perfusion imaging (normal vs abnormal) was still present (OR = 2.57; confidence interval, 1.342-4.902; P = .004).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Chest Pain', 'Denmark', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Palpation', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Thoracic Wall', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,797 | Do treatment of serpiginous choroiditis with intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe a case in which a fluocinolone acetonide implant was used in a patient with serpiginous choroiditis.",
"Case report.",
"A 57-year-old woman with active serpiginous choroiditis threatening the fovea of her right eye received one intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide injection, leading to immediate disease control. An intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant was placed, and resulted in ongoing control of the disease as of her 14 months postoperative follow-up."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Choroiditis",
"Drug Implants",
"Female",
"Fluocinolone Acetonide",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Fundus Oculi",
"Humans",
"Injections",
"Middle Aged",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Vitreous Body"
]
} | Intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant should be recognized as a potential treatment option for serpiginous choroiditis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do treatment of serpiginous choroiditis with intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe a case in which a fluocinolone acetonide implant was used in a patient with serpiginous choroiditis.', 'Case report.', 'A 57-year-old woman with active serpiginous choroiditis threatening the fovea of her right eye received one intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide injection, leading to immediate disease control. An intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant was placed, and resulted in ongoing control of the disease as of her 14 months postoperative follow-up.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Choroiditis', 'Drug Implants', 'Female', 'Fluocinolone Acetonide', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitreous Body']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,297 | Is gray matter atrophy related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relation of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes, and WM lesion load, with clinical outcomes 20 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS).",
"Seventy-three patients were studied a mean of 20 years from first presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome (33 of whom developed relapsing-remitting MS and 11 secondary-progressive MS, with the rest experiencing no further definite neurological events), together with 25 healthy control subjects. GM and WM volumetric measures were obtained from three-dimensional T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2.",
"Significant GM (p < 0.001) and WM atrophy (p = 0.001) was seen in MS patients compared with control subjects. There was significantly more GM, but not WM atrophy, in secondary-progressive MS versus relapsing-remitting MS (p = 0.003), and relapsing-remitting MS versus clinically isolated syndrome (p < 0.001). GM, but not WM, fraction correlated with expanded disability status scale (r(s) = -0.48; p < 0.001) and MS Functional Composite scores (r(s) = 0.59; p < 0.001). WM lesion load correlated with GM (r(s) = -0.63; p < 0.001), but not with WM fraction. Regression modeling indicated that the GM fraction explained more of the variability in clinical measures than did WM lesion load."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Atrophy",
"Brain",
"Cohort Studies",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Sclerosis",
"Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive",
"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting",
"Nerve Degeneration",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Neurons",
"Prognosis",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Time"
]
} | In MS patients with a relatively long and homogeneous disease duration, GM atrophy is more marked than WM atrophy, and reflects disease subtype and disability to a greater extent than WM atrophy or lesions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is gray matter atrophy related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the relation of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes, and WM lesion load, with clinical outcomes 20 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS).', 'Seventy-three patients were studied a mean of 20 years from first presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome (33 of whom developed relapsing-remitting MS and 11 secondary-progressive MS, with the rest experiencing no further definite neurological events), together with 25 healthy control subjects. GM and WM volumetric measures were obtained from three-dimensional T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2.', 'Significant GM (p < 0.001) and WM atrophy (p = 0.001) was seen in MS patients compared with control subjects. There was significantly more GM, but not WM atrophy, in secondary-progressive MS versus relapsing-remitting MS (p = 0.003), and relapsing-remitting MS versus clinically isolated syndrome (p < 0.001). GM, but not WM, fraction correlated with expanded disability status scale (r(s) = -0.48; p < 0.001) and MS Functional Composite scores (r(s) = 0.59; p < 0.001). WM lesion load correlated with GM (r(s) = -0.63; p < 0.001), but not with WM fraction. Regression modeling indicated that the GM fraction explained more of the variability in clinical measures than did WM lesion load.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Brain', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neurons', 'Prognosis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,164 | Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor agonists synergistically suppress proliferation of immortalized endometrial stromal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), can induce up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and to see whether LG100268, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand, can inhibit proliferation of endometriotic cells alone or in synergy with ciglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist.",
"One endometrial stromal cell line and two endometriotic cell lines used as a model system: Western blot analysis to determine whether TSA can up-regulate PPAR gamma expression, and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay to see whether ciglitazone and LG100268 have any antiproliferative effects individually or jointly.",
"Academic.",
"None.",
"Culture of immortalized endometrial and endometriotic cell lines with TSA, or ciglitazone or LG100268.",
"PPAR gamma protein expression levels in cells treated with or without TSA, and number of viable cells treated with or without ciglitazone, LG100268, or both.",
"The TSA treatment resulted in up-regulation of PPAR gamma expression in all cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Both ciglitazone and LG100268 inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the antiproliferative effects appeared to be synergistic. In addition, endometriotic cells were more sensitive than endometrial stromal cells to LG100268 treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line",
"Endometrium",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Nicotinic Acids",
"PPAR gamma",
"Progesterone",
"Retinoid X Receptors",
"Stromal Cells",
"Tetrahydronaphthalenes",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles",
"Thiazolidinediones"
]
} | The up-regulation of PPAR gamma induced by TSA indicates that the action of HDACIs also includes the PPAR gamma signaling pathway, suggesting that the activation of PPAR gamma is a desirable way to contain endometriosis phenotypes. The higher sensitivity of endometriotic cells than their endometrial counterpart to LG100268 treatment suggests that the sensitivity differential could be exploited effectively to eradicate unwanted ectopic endometrial tissues while minimizing the collateral damage to the normal endometrial tissues. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor agonists synergistically suppress proliferation of immortalized endometrial stromal cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine whether trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), can induce up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and to see whether LG100268, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand, can inhibit proliferation of endometriotic cells alone or in synergy with ciglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist.', 'One endometrial stromal cell line and two endometriotic cell lines used as a model system: Western blot analysis to determine whether TSA can up-regulate PPAR gamma expression, and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay to see whether ciglitazone and LG100268 have any antiproliferative effects individually or jointly.', 'Academic.', 'None.', 'Culture of immortalized endometrial and endometriotic cell lines with TSA, or ciglitazone or LG100268.', 'PPAR gamma protein expression levels in cells treated with or without TSA, and number of viable cells treated with or without ciglitazone, LG100268, or both.', 'The TSA treatment resulted in up-regulation of PPAR gamma expression in all cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Both ciglitazone and LG100268 inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the antiproliferative effects appeared to be synergistic. In addition, endometriotic cells were more sensitive than endometrial stromal cells to LG100268 treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'PPAR gamma', 'Progesterone', 'Retinoid X Receptors', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tetrahydronaphthalenes', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Thiazolidinediones']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,146 | Is peroxiredoxin I differentially expressed in multiple myelomas and in plasmablastic lymphomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are B cell-derived malignancies that share many morphologic and immunophenotypic traits, making the differential diagnosis particularly complicated. We have recently demonstrated that peroxiredoxin I (PrdxI) is expressed in plasma cells but not in B lymphocytes, suggesting that its expression is development-associated.",
"To analyze PrdxI expression in PBL and in MM in order to study its utilization as an additional diagnostic molecular tool.",
"Eight cases of PBL and nine of MM were studied by immunohistochemistry. We have demonstrated that PrdxI expression is closely connected with the immunoglobulin production capacity of the cells, which means high in MM, but absent in PBL cases, except one, wherein few cells were stained."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antigens, CD20",
"B-Lymphocytes",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Child",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains",
"Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Myeloma",
"Peroxiredoxins",
"Plasma Cells",
"Plasmacytoma"
]
} | We hypothesize PrdxI as a component of the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway essential for plasma cell differentiation. As we have not detected immunoglobulin in our PBL cases, we suggest that UPR was not activated in the cells, accounting for the impediment of the developmental process, and for the inhibition of PrdxI expression observed. PrdxI could be considered an additional plasma cell functional marker and could also be speculated as a therapeutic target in the treatment of MM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is peroxiredoxin I differentially expressed in multiple myelomas and in plasmablastic lymphomas?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are B cell-derived malignancies that share many morphologic and immunophenotypic traits, making the differential diagnosis particularly complicated. We have recently demonstrated that peroxiredoxin I (PrdxI) is expressed in plasma cells but not in B lymphocytes, suggesting that its expression is development-associated.', 'To analyze PrdxI expression in PBL and in MM in order to study its utilization as an additional diagnostic molecular tool.', 'Eight cases of PBL and nine of MM were studied by immunohistochemistry. We have demonstrated that PrdxI expression is closely connected with the immunoglobulin production capacity of the cells, which means high in MM, but absent in PBL cases, except one, wherein few cells were stained.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD20', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Child', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Peroxiredoxins', 'Plasma Cells', 'Plasmacytoma']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,255 | Is fasting serum ghrelin level associated with metabolic syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum ghrelin levels are elevated in uremic patients. However, no data are available on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and serum ghrelin levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.",
"Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Diabetes Federation. Fasting serum samples were taken from 30 PD patients. Serum ghrelin levels were measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.",
"Of the 30 PD patients, 53.3% (16/30) had metabolic syndrome. Fasting serum ghrelin corrected inversely with metabolic syndrome among these PDs patients (p = 0.002). By odds ratio (OR) analysis of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria, the predictors for metabolic syndrome are fasting glucose [OR: 39.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.80 to 399.85; p < 0.001], triglycerides (OR: 37.50; 95% CI: 3.64 to 386.51; p < 0.001), and waist circumference (OR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.95 to 9.03; p < 0.001). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that body weight (r = -0.461, p = 0.010), waist circumference (r = -0.390, p = 0.033), and body mass index (r = -0.438, p = 0.016) were negatively correlated with serum ghrelin, and serum high density lipoprotein [HDL (r = 0.626, p < 0.001)] was positively correlated with serum ghrelin. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the significant variables showed that HDL (R(2) change = 0.392; p < 0.001) was the independent predictor of serum ghrelin in PD patients and explained 39.2% of the variance."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Mass Index",
"Body Weight",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Female",
"Ghrelin",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Peritoneal Dialysis",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Triglycerides",
"Waist-Hip Ratio"
]
} | These results indicate an inverse association between circulating fasting ghrelin and metabolic syndrome in PD patients. Serum HDL was associated with serum ghrelin among PD patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fasting serum ghrelin level associated with metabolic syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serum ghrelin levels are elevated in uremic patients. However, no data are available on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and serum ghrelin levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.', 'Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Diabetes Federation. Fasting serum samples were taken from 30 PD patients. Serum ghrelin levels were measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.', 'Of the 30 PD patients, 53.3% (16/30) had metabolic syndrome. Fasting serum ghrelin corrected inversely with metabolic syndrome among these PDs patients (p = 0.002). By odds ratio (OR) analysis of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria, the predictors for metabolic syndrome are fasting glucose [OR: 39.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.80 to 399.85; p < 0.001], triglycerides (OR: 37.50; 95% CI: 3.64 to 386.51; p < 0.001), and waist circumference (OR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.95 to 9.03; p < 0.001). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that body weight (r = -0.461, p = 0.010), waist circumference (r = -0.390, p = 0.033), and body mass index (r = -0.438, p = 0.016) were negatively correlated with serum ghrelin, and serum high density lipoprotein [HDL (r = 0.626, p < 0.001)] was positively correlated with serum ghrelin. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the significant variables showed that HDL (R(2) change = 0.392; p < 0.001) was the independent predictor of serum ghrelin in PD patients and explained 39.2% of the variance.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Female', 'Ghrelin', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Triglycerides', 'Waist-Hip Ratio']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,734 | Does comparison of auditory brainstem response result in normal-hearing patients with and without tinnitus? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate electrophysiologically the auditory nerve and the auditory brainstem function of patients with tinnitus and normal-hearing thresholds using the auditory brainstem response (ABR).",
"Case-control study.",
"Ambulatory section of the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Base de Brasília.",
"Thirty-seven individuals with tinnitus and 38 without tinnitus, with ages ranging from 20 to 45 years and pure-tone thresholds of 25 dB or better at frequencies between 500 and 8000 Hz.",
"We compared the latencies of waves I, III, and V; the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V, and I-V; the interaural latency difference (wave V); and the V/I amplitude ratio between the 2 groups.",
"Among the 37 patients in the study group, abnormal results were found in 16 (43%) in at least 1 of the 8 parameters evaluated. When we analyzed the latencies, although the values were on average in the normal range used in the present study, the tinnitus group presented a significant prolongation of the latencies of waves I, III, and V when compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found the interpeak I-III, III-V, and I-V values to be within the normal limits, but the interpeak III-V value was significantly (P = .003) enlarged in the study group compared with the control group. The V/I amplitude ratio found in the tinnitus group was within normal limits; however, a significant (P = .004) difference was found when the 2 groups were compared. The averages of the interaural latency difference (wave V) did not show significant differences in relation to the control group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Audiometry, Pure-Tone",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cochlear Nerve",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem",
"Hearing",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Tinnitus"
]
} | We conclude that, although the averages obtained in several analyzed parameters were within normal limits, the ABR results from the patients with and without tinnitus and normal hearing are different, suggesting that ABR might contribute to the workup of these patients. Our data show that there are changes in the central pathways in the study group. The meaning of these changes must be further investigated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does comparison of auditory brainstem response result in normal-hearing patients with and without tinnitus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate electrophysiologically the auditory nerve and the auditory brainstem function of patients with tinnitus and normal-hearing thresholds using the auditory brainstem response (ABR).', 'Case-control study.', 'Ambulatory section of the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Base de Brasília.', 'Thirty-seven individuals with tinnitus and 38 without tinnitus, with ages ranging from 20 to 45 years and pure-tone thresholds of 25 dB or better at frequencies between 500 and 8000 Hz.', 'We compared the latencies of waves I, III, and V; the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V, and I-V; the interaural latency difference (wave V); and the V/I amplitude ratio between the 2 groups.', 'Among the 37 patients in the study group, abnormal results were found in 16 (43%) in at least 1 of the 8 parameters evaluated. When we analyzed the latencies, although the values were on average in the normal range used in the present study, the tinnitus group presented a significant prolongation of the latencies of waves I, III, and V when compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found the interpeak I-III, III-V, and I-V values to be within the normal limits, but the interpeak III-V value was significantly (P = .003) enlarged in the study group compared with the control group. The V/I amplitude ratio found in the tinnitus group was within normal limits; however, a significant (P = .004) difference was found when the 2 groups were compared. The averages of the interaural latency difference (wave V) did not show significant differences in relation to the control group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cochlear Nerve', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Hearing', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Tinnitus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,484 | Do personality and choice of coping predict quality of life in head and neck cancer patients during follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent personality and choice of coping predicted self-reported quality of life (QoL) in successfully treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.",
"We determined QoL by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ) C30/H&N35, personality by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and coping by the COPE questionnaire. All patients younger than 80 years who had been diagnosed with HNSCC in Western Norway in the period from 1992 to1997, and who had survived until 1999, were sampled. Ninety-six patients (90% response rate) were included 48+/-2 months after diagnosis. Fifty-five of 58 eligible patients were interviewed a second time 47+/-1 months after the first interview where neuroticism and QoL questionnaires were answered.",
"Numerical T stage was inversely associated with the second QoL scores (CV: 10-24%). High neuroticism generally predicted low secondary QoL scores both directly (common variance: 17-25%) and adjusted by the QoL values measured simultaneously as the neuroticism (CV: 11-25%). Avoidance focused, problem focused, drinking to cope and coping by humor all predicted QoL scores (CV: 8.5-15%). The present association pattern could still be shown when adjusted for gender, age and educational level when studied by multiple regression analyses."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Psychological",
"Aged",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Head and Neck Neoplasms",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Norway",
"Personality",
"Problem Solving",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychological Tests",
"Psychometrics",
"Quality of Life",
"Regression Analysis",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Time Factors",
"Wit and Humor as Topic"
]
} | In conclusion, a high T stage, high neuroticism, coping by humor and coping by problem solving directly predicted low QoL whereas neuroticism was also associated with QoL through avoidance coping. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do personality and choice of coping predict quality of life in head and neck cancer patients during follow-up?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent personality and choice of coping predicted self-reported quality of life (QoL) in successfully treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.', 'We determined QoL by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ) C30/H&N35, personality by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and coping by the COPE questionnaire. All patients younger than 80 years who had been diagnosed with HNSCC in Western Norway in the period from 1992 to1997, and who had survived until 1999, were sampled. Ninety-six patients (90% response rate) were included 48+/-2 months after diagnosis. Fifty-five of 58 eligible patients were interviewed a second time 47+/-1 months after the first interview where neuroticism and QoL questionnaires were answered.', 'Numerical T stage was inversely associated with the second QoL scores (CV: 10-24%). High neuroticism generally predicted low secondary QoL scores both directly (common variance: 17-25%) and adjusted by the QoL values measured simultaneously as the neuroticism (CV: 11-25%). Avoidance focused, problem focused, drinking to cope and coping by humor all predicted QoL scores (CV: 8.5-15%). The present association pattern could still be shown when adjusted for gender, age and educational level when studied by multiple regression analyses.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Personality', 'Problem Solving', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Regression Analysis', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Wit and Humor as Topic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,624 | Does fK778 ameliorate post-transplant expression of fibrogenic growth factors and development of chronic rejection changes in rat kidney allografts? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute rejection is the major risk factor for the development of subsequent chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), which is the primary reason for late allograft loss in kidney transplantation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are the main mitogens mediating mesenchymal cell proliferation. Their early post-transplant induction may start cascades leading to the development of CAN. An immunosuppressive drug, FK778, inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Here we investigated its effects on acute and chronic rejection as well as post-transplant PDGF and TGF-beta expression in combination therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).",
"Kidney transplantations were performed from DA to WF rats. Syngenic DA-DA grafts were used as controls. Allografts were immunosuppressed with a combination of FK778 (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) and CsA (1.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) or tacrolimus (Tac) (1.5 mg/kg/day p.o.). Grafts were harvested 5 and 90 days after transplantation for histology and immunohistochemistry (PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, TGF-beta, TGF-betaR). The dose response of FK778 on acute rejection was studied with monotherapy of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day. Chronic changes were scored according to the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI).",
"FK778 ameliorated the early post-transplant inflammatory response dose dependently. Additive effects were seen with FK778 and CNIs. Significantly lower CADI scores were seen in combination therapy of FK778 and CNIs compared with CNI monotherapies. FK778 also significantly reduced both early and late PDGF and TGF-beta expression when combined with CNIs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alkynes",
"Animals",
"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"Calcineurin Inhibitors",
"Cyclosporine",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Graft Rejection",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Isoxazoles",
"Kidney Diseases",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Male",
"Nitriles",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred WF",
"Risk Factors",
"Tacrolimus",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | These results indicate that FK778 could prevent the development of CAN and be a promising therapy also in clinical kidney transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fK778 ameliorate post-transplant expression of fibrogenic growth factors and development of chronic rejection changes in rat kidney allografts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Acute rejection is the major risk factor for the development of subsequent chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), which is the primary reason for late allograft loss in kidney transplantation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are the main mitogens mediating mesenchymal cell proliferation. Their early post-transplant induction may start cascades leading to the development of CAN. An immunosuppressive drug, FK778, inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Here we investigated its effects on acute and chronic rejection as well as post-transplant PDGF and TGF-beta expression in combination therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).', 'Kidney transplantations were performed from DA to WF rats. Syngenic DA-DA grafts were used as controls. Allografts were immunosuppressed with a combination of FK778 (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) and CsA (1.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) or tacrolimus (Tac) (1.5 mg/kg/day p.o.). Grafts were harvested 5 and 90 days after transplantation for histology and immunohistochemistry (PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, TGF-beta, TGF-betaR). The dose response of FK778 on acute rejection was studied with monotherapy of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day. Chronic changes were scored according to the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI).', 'FK778 ameliorated the early post-transplant inflammatory response dose dependently. Additive effects were seen with FK778 and CNIs. Significantly lower CADI scores were seen in combination therapy of FK778 and CNIs compared with CNI monotherapies. FK778 also significantly reduced both early and late PDGF and TGF-beta expression when combined with CNIs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alkynes', 'Animals', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Calcineurin Inhibitors', 'Cyclosporine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Graft Rejection', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Isoxazoles', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Nitriles', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WF', 'Risk Factors', 'Tacrolimus', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,563,961 | Are plasmodium vivax and mixed infections associated with severe malaria in children : a prospective cohort study from Papua New Guinea? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe malaria (SM) is classically associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. Little information is available on the contribution of P. vivax to severe disease. There are some epidemiological indications that P. vivax or mixed infections protect against complications and deaths. A large morbidity surveillance conducted in an area where the four species coexist allowed us to estimate rates of SM among patients infected with one or several species.",
"This was a prospective cohort study conducted within the framework of the Malaria Vaccine Epidemiology and Evaluation Project. All presumptive malaria cases presenting at two rural health facilities over an 8-y period were investigated with history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment. Case definition of SM was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria adapted for the setting (i.e., clinical diagnosis of malaria associated with asexual blood stage parasitaemia and recent history of fits, or coma, or respiratory distress, or anaemia [haemoglobin < 5 g/dl]). Out of 17,201 presumptive malaria cases, 9,537 (55%) had a confirmed Plasmodium parasitaemia. Among those, 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7%-6.8%) fulfilled the case definition of SM, most of them in children <5 y. In this age group, the proportion of SM was 11.7% (10.4%-13.2%) for P. falciparum, 8.8% (7.1%-10.7%) for P. vivax, and 17.3% (11.7%-24.2%) for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections. P. vivax SM presented more often with respiratory distress than did P. falciparum (60% versus 41%, p = 0.002), but less often with anaemia (19% versus 41%, p = 0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Humans",
"Malaria",
"Morbidity",
"Papua New Guinea",
"Plasmodium falciparum",
"Plasmodium vivax",
"Population Surveillance",
"Prevalence",
"Prospective Studies",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | P. vivax monoinfections as well as mixed Plasmodium infections are associated with SM. There is no indication that mixed infections protected against SM. Interventions targeted toward P. falciparum only might be insufficient to eliminate the overall malaria burden, and especially severe disease, in areas where P. falciparum and P. vivax coexist. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasmodium vivax and mixed infections associated with severe malaria in children : a prospective cohort study from Papua New Guinea?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Severe malaria (SM) is classically associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. Little information is available on the contribution of P. vivax to severe disease. There are some epidemiological indications that P. vivax or mixed infections protect against complications and deaths. A large morbidity surveillance conducted in an area where the four species coexist allowed us to estimate rates of SM among patients infected with one or several species.', 'This was a prospective cohort study conducted within the framework of the Malaria Vaccine Epidemiology and Evaluation Project. All presumptive malaria cases presenting at two rural health facilities over an 8-y period were investigated with history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment. Case definition of SM was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria adapted for the setting (i.e., clinical diagnosis of malaria associated with asexual blood stage parasitaemia and recent history of fits, or coma, or respiratory distress, or anaemia [haemoglobin < 5 g/dl]). Out of 17,201 presumptive malaria cases, 9,537 (55%) had a confirmed Plasmodium parasitaemia. Among those, 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7%-6.8%) fulfilled the case definition of SM, most of them in children <5 y. In this age group, the proportion of SM was 11.7% (10.4%-13.2%) for P. falciparum, 8.8% (7.1%-10.7%) for P. vivax, and 17.3% (11.7%-24.2%) for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections. P. vivax SM presented more often with respiratory distress than did P. falciparum (60% versus 41%, p = 0.002), but less often with anaemia (19% versus 41%, p = 0.0001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Morbidity', 'Papua New Guinea', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium vivax', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,545,985 | Does an endocannabinoid signaling system modulate anxiety-like behavior in male Syrian hamsters? | {
"contexts": [
"An endocannabinoid signaling system has not been identified in hamsters.",
"We examined the existence of an endocannabinoid signaling system in Syrian hamsters using neuroanatomical, biochemical, and behavioral pharmacological approaches.",
"The distribution of cannabinoid receptors was mapped, and membrane fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity and levels of fatty-acid amides were measured in hamster brain. The impact of cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade and inhibition of FAAH was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, rota-rod test, and models of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat.",
"A characteristic heterogeneous distribution of cannabinoid receptors was detected in hamster brain using [3H]CP55,940 binding and autoradiography. The FAAH inhibitor URB597 inhibited FAAH activity (IC50 = 12.8 nM) and elevated levels of fatty-acid amides (N-palmitoyl ethanolamine and N-oleoyl ethanolamine) in hamster brain. Anandamide levels were not reliably altered. The cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 (1- 10 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB1-mediated motor ataxia. Blockade of CB1 with rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) induced anxiogenic-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. URB597 (0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB1-mediated anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze, similar to the benzodiazepine diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.). Diazepam (2-6 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed the expression, but not the acquisition, of conditioned defeat. By contrast, neither URB597 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) nor rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) altered unconditioned or conditioned social defeat or rota-rod performance."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aggression",
"Amidohydrolases",
"Animals",
"Arousal",
"Autoradiography",
"Benzamides",
"Brain",
"Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators",
"Carbamates",
"Cricetinae",
"Dominance-Subordination",
"Endocannabinoids",
"Ethanolamines",
"Fear",
"Male",
"Maze Learning",
"Mesocricetus",
"Oleic Acids",
"Palmitic Acids",
"Piperidines",
"Pyrazoles",
"Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1",
"Rimonabant",
"Rotarod Performance Test",
"Signal Transduction",
"Social Environment"
]
} | Endocannabinoids engage functional CB1 receptors in hamster brain to suppress anxiety-like behavior and undergo enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by FAAH. Our results further suggest that neither unconditioned nor conditioned social defeat in the Syrian hamster is dependent upon cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an endocannabinoid signaling system modulate anxiety-like behavior in male Syrian hamsters?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An endocannabinoid signaling system has not been identified in hamsters.', 'We examined the existence of an endocannabinoid signaling system in Syrian hamsters using neuroanatomical, biochemical, and behavioral pharmacological approaches.', 'The distribution of cannabinoid receptors was mapped, and membrane fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity and levels of fatty-acid amides were measured in hamster brain. The impact of cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade and inhibition of FAAH was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, rota-rod test, and models of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat.', 'A characteristic heterogeneous distribution of cannabinoid receptors was detected in hamster brain using [3H]CP55,940 binding and autoradiography. The FAAH inhibitor URB597 inhibited FAAH activity (IC50 = 12.8 nM) and elevated levels of fatty-acid amides (N-palmitoyl ethanolamine and N-oleoyl ethanolamine) in hamster brain. Anandamide levels were not reliably altered. The cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 (1- 10 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB1-mediated motor ataxia. Blockade of CB1 with rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) induced anxiogenic-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. URB597 (0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB1-mediated anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze, similar to the benzodiazepine diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.). Diazepam (2-6 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed the expression, but not the acquisition, of conditioned defeat. By contrast, neither URB597 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) nor rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) altered unconditioned or conditioned social defeat or rota-rod performance.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aggression', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Arousal', 'Autoradiography', 'Benzamides', 'Brain', 'Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators', 'Carbamates', 'Cricetinae', 'Dominance-Subordination', 'Endocannabinoids', 'Ethanolamines', 'Fear', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Mesocricetus', 'Oleic Acids', 'Palmitic Acids', 'Piperidines', 'Pyrazoles', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Rimonabant', 'Rotarod Performance Test', 'Signal Transduction', 'Social Environment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,543,121 | Is the nonsynonymous Thr105Ile polymorphism of the histamine N-methyltransferase associated to the risk of developing essential tremor? | {
"contexts": [
"We analyzed in patients with essential tremor (ET) the Thr105Ile polymorphism of the Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) enzyme that is associated to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.",
"Leukocytary DNA from 204 ET patients and a control group of 295 unrelated healthy individuals was studied for the nonsynonymous HNMT Thr105Ile polymorphism by using amplification-restriction analyses.",
"Patients with ET showed a higher frequency of homozygous HNMT 105Thr genotypes leading to high metabolic activity (p < 0.015) with a statistically significant gene-dose effect, as compared to healthy subjects. These findings were independent of gender, and of tremor localization, but the association of the HNMT polymorphism is more prominent among patients with late-onset ET (p < 0.007)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Amino Acid Substitution",
"Brain Chemistry",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"DNA Mutational Analysis",
"Essential Tremor",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genetic Testing",
"Histamine N-Methyltransferase",
"Humans",
"Isoleucine",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Threonine",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These results, combined with previous findings indicating alterations in the frequency for the HNMT Thr105Ile polymorphism in patients with PD, suggest that alterations of histamine homeostasis in the SNC are associated with the risk of movement disorders. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the nonsynonymous Thr105Ile polymorphism of the histamine N-methyltransferase associated to the risk of developing essential tremor?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"We analyzed in patients with essential tremor (ET) the Thr105Ile polymorphism of the Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) enzyme that is associated to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.\", 'Leukocytary DNA from 204 ET patients and a control group of 295 unrelated healthy individuals was studied for the nonsynonymous HNMT Thr105Ile polymorphism by using amplification-restriction analyses.', 'Patients with ET showed a higher frequency of homozygous HNMT 105Thr genotypes leading to high metabolic activity (p < 0.015) with a statistically significant gene-dose effect, as compared to healthy subjects. These findings were independent of gender, and of tremor localization, but the association of the HNMT polymorphism is more prominent among patients with late-onset ET (p < 0.007).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Essential Tremor', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Testing', 'Histamine N-Methyltransferase', 'Humans', 'Isoleucine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Threonine', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,287 | Does corticosteroid therapy increase membrane-tethered while decreases secreted mucin expression in nasal polyps? | {
"contexts": [
"Mucus hypersecretion is a hallmark of nasal polyposis (NP). Corticosteroids (CS) are first-line treatment for NP, decreasing their size and inflammatory component. However, their effect on mucin production is not well-understood. The aim of this (pilot) study was to investigate CS effect on mucin expression in NP.",
"Patients were randomized in control (n = 9) and treatment (oral prednisone for 2 weeks and intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks; n = 23) groups. Nasal polyposis from nonasthmatic (NP; n = 13), aspirin-tolerant (NP-ATA; n = 11) and aspirin-intolerant (NP-AIA; n = 8) asthmatics were studied. Nasal polyposis biopsies were obtained before (w0) and after 2 (w2) and 12 (w12) weeks of CS treatment. Secreted (MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC8) and membrane-tethered (MUC1, MUC4) mucins (immunohistochemistry) and goblet cells (Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff) were quantified in both epithelium and glands. Rhinorrea and nasal obstruction were also assessed.",
"At w2, steroids increased MUC1 (from 70 to 97.5) and MUC4 (from 80 to 100) in NP-ATA patients' epithelium compared with baseline (w0). At w12, steroids decreased MUC5AC (from 40 to 5) and MUC5B (from 45 to 2.5) in NP-ATA patients' epithelium and glands, respectively, compared with baseline. No mucin presented significant changes in NP-AIA patients. MUC5AC and MUC5B expression correlated with goblet and mucous cell numbers, respectively, and MUC5AC also with rhinorrea score."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Budesonide",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mucins",
"Nasal Mucosa",
"Nasal Polyps",
"Pilot Projects",
"Prednisone",
"Prospective Studies",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These results suggest: (i) CS up-regulate membrane (MUC1, MUC4) while down-regulate secreted (MUC5AC, MUC5B) mucins; (ii) there exists a link between secreted mucin expression and goblet cell hyperplasia; and (iii) NP from AIA may develop resistance to CS treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does corticosteroid therapy increase membrane-tethered while decreases secreted mucin expression in nasal polyps?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mucus hypersecretion is a hallmark of nasal polyposis (NP). Corticosteroids (CS) are first-line treatment for NP, decreasing their size and inflammatory component. However, their effect on mucin production is not well-understood. The aim of this (pilot) study was to investigate CS effect on mucin expression in NP.', 'Patients were randomized in control (n = 9) and treatment (oral prednisone for 2 weeks and intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks; n = 23) groups. Nasal polyposis from nonasthmatic (NP; n = 13), aspirin-tolerant (NP-ATA; n = 11) and aspirin-intolerant (NP-AIA; n = 8) asthmatics were studied. Nasal polyposis biopsies were obtained before (w0) and after 2 (w2) and 12 (w12) weeks of CS treatment. Secreted (MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC8) and membrane-tethered (MUC1, MUC4) mucins (immunohistochemistry) and goblet cells (Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff) were quantified in both epithelium and glands. Rhinorrea and nasal obstruction were also assessed.', \"At w2, steroids increased MUC1 (from 70 to 97.5) and MUC4 (from 80 to 100) in NP-ATA patients' epithelium compared with baseline (w0). At w12, steroids decreased MUC5AC (from 40 to 5) and MUC5B (from 45 to 2.5) in NP-ATA patients' epithelium and glands, respectively, compared with baseline. No mucin presented significant changes in NP-AIA patients. MUC5AC and MUC5B expression correlated with goblet and mucous cell numbers, respectively, and MUC5AC also with rhinorrea score.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Budesonide', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucins', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prednisone', 'Prospective Studies', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,288 | Does activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma suppress mast cell maturation involved in allergic diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Mast cells play a central role in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Several reports indicated role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) on mast cell function. However, there is no report about the role of PPARgamma on differentiation of mast cells from the progenitors. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARgamma in regulating bone marrow-derived mast cell maturation and the therapeutic implications for mast cell-related diseases such as atopic or contact dermatitis.",
"We used in vitro cell culture system for mast cell differentiation from bone marrow-progenitors using specific ligands and lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA of PPARgamma, and in vivo murine dermatitis models.",
"Activation of PPARgamma inhibited the maturation of bone marrow progenitors into connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) through up-regulation of GATA-4 and GATA-6 resulting in a decrease in expression of histidine decarboxylase and mast cell histamine content. In comparison, the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into CTMCs was significantly accelerated by the knockdown of PPARgamma expression by lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand administration to mice inhibited the maturation of mast cells resulting in attenuation of atopic and contact dermatitis via diminishment of the number of mature mast cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Dermatitis, Contact",
"GATA4 Transcription Factor",
"GATA6 Transcription Factor",
"Humans",
"Mast Cells",
"Mice",
"PPAR gamma",
"Peroxisomes",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | Our results indicate that PPARgamma is one of master regulators on mast cell maturation and potentially useful for the therapy in various disorders involving mast cell activation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma suppress mast cell maturation involved in allergic diseases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mast cells play a central role in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Several reports indicated role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) on mast cell function. However, there is no report about the role of PPARgamma on differentiation of mast cells from the progenitors. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARgamma in regulating bone marrow-derived mast cell maturation and the therapeutic implications for mast cell-related diseases such as atopic or contact dermatitis.', 'We used in vitro cell culture system for mast cell differentiation from bone marrow-progenitors using specific ligands and lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA of PPARgamma, and in vivo murine dermatitis models.', 'Activation of PPARgamma inhibited the maturation of bone marrow progenitors into connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) through up-regulation of GATA-4 and GATA-6 resulting in a decrease in expression of histidine decarboxylase and mast cell histamine content. In comparison, the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into CTMCs was significantly accelerated by the knockdown of PPARgamma expression by lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand administration to mice inhibited the maturation of mast cells resulting in attenuation of atopic and contact dermatitis via diminishment of the number of mature mast cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'GATA4 Transcription Factor', 'GATA6 Transcription Factor', 'Humans', 'Mast Cells', 'Mice', 'PPAR gamma', 'Peroxisomes', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,955 | Do perceptions of outcomes of implant therapy in patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-specific outcomes and satisfaction using dental implants in a population affected with ectodermal dysplasia.",
"Patient-based data were collected using a self-reported survey instrument sent to patients belonging to a private patient foundation and/or treated previously at a government clinic. A standardized survey instrument was developed to evaluate patient satisfaction, outcomes, and potential complications using dental implants.",
"The survey instrument was mailed to 253 affected individuals self-reported to have various forms of ectodermal dysplasia and who were voluntarily participants in the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias and/or were participants in the US National Institute for Dental Craniofacial Research Intramural Ectodermal Dysplasia clinical research program. A total of 109 responses were obtained (43% response rate). The duration following completion of implant therapy ranged from to 1 to 23 years. Of the 109 participants, 50% reported either an implant or prosthetic complication with implant treatment, and 24% reported some form of failure with implant therapy. However, 91% of participants reported being either satisfied or very satisfied with dental implants, and 95% reported that the treatment was worth the time and cost."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Attitude to Health",
"Child",
"Dental Care",
"Dental Implants",
"Dental Restoration Failure",
"Denture Retention",
"Ectodermal Dysplasia",
"Esthetics, Dental",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Jaw, Edentulous",
"Jaw, Edentulous, Partially",
"Male",
"Mastication",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Care Team",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Quality of Life",
"Speech",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Affected individuals receiving tooth replacement therapy with dental implants reported satisfaction with the outcome. A higher level of complications, including infection, mechanical problems, and implant loss, relative to the unaffected population was reported. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do perceptions of outcomes of implant therapy in patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-specific outcomes and satisfaction using dental implants in a population affected with ectodermal dysplasia.', 'Patient-based data were collected using a self-reported survey instrument sent to patients belonging to a private patient foundation and/or treated previously at a government clinic. A standardized survey instrument was developed to evaluate patient satisfaction, outcomes, and potential complications using dental implants.', 'The survey instrument was mailed to 253 affected individuals self-reported to have various forms of ectodermal dysplasia and who were voluntarily participants in the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias and/or were participants in the US National Institute for Dental Craniofacial Research Intramural Ectodermal Dysplasia clinical research program. A total of 109 responses were obtained (43% response rate). The duration following completion of implant therapy ranged from to 1 to 23 years. Of the 109 participants, 50% reported either an implant or prosthetic complication with implant treatment, and 24% reported some form of failure with implant therapy. However, 91% of participants reported being either satisfied or very satisfied with dental implants, and 95% reported that the treatment was worth the time and cost.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Health', 'Child', 'Dental Care', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Denture Retention', 'Ectodermal Dysplasia', 'Esthetics, Dental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Jaw, Edentulous, Partially', 'Male', 'Mastication', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Quality of Life', 'Speech', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,549,927 | Do dietary lipids modify redox homeostasis and steroidogenic status in rat testis? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study explored the effect of dietary oils on lipid composition, antioxidant status, and the activity of the main steroidogenic enzymes in the testis.",
"Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) fed for 60 d on the same basal diet plus different lipid sources as commercial oils: soybean, olive, coconut, or grapeseed. After sacrifice, testicular lipids and fatty acid composition, free radical biomarkers, antioxidant levels, hormones, and steroidogenic enzymes were determined.",
"The lipid composition of diets produced significant changes in neutral/phospholipids, free/esterified cholesterol, and plasmalogen proportion. Fatty acid patterns of these lipids were also strongly modified, influencing the double bond index. We also found a close correlation between the type of diet and the generation of free radicals. The oxidative stress in testes was higher with the grapeseed oil-supplemented diet and decreased with the other diets in this order: soybean oil > olive oil > coconut oil. Animals fed with the olive oil and coconut oil diets showed the highest testicular levels of antioxidants in addition to significantly high levels of testosterone and 3beta- or 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases",
"3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases",
"Animals",
"Coconut Oil",
"Dietary Fats",
"Homeostasis",
"Male",
"Olive Oil",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Plant Oils",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Soybean Oil",
"Testis",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Different oils in the diets strongly modified the homeostasis of the testicular antioxidant defense system and, in consequence, affected steroidogenic function, showing a clear correlation with the damage induced. According to our results, an appropriate mixture of olive and soybean oils could be a healthy recommendation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dietary lipids modify redox homeostasis and steroidogenic status in rat testis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study explored the effect of dietary oils on lipid composition, antioxidant status, and the activity of the main steroidogenic enzymes in the testis.', 'Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) fed for 60 d on the same basal diet plus different lipid sources as commercial oils: soybean, olive, coconut, or grapeseed. After sacrifice, testicular lipids and fatty acid composition, free radical biomarkers, antioxidant levels, hormones, and steroidogenic enzymes were determined.', 'The lipid composition of diets produced significant changes in neutral/phospholipids, free/esterified cholesterol, and plasmalogen proportion. Fatty acid patterns of these lipids were also strongly modified, influencing the double bond index. We also found a close correlation between the type of diet and the generation of free radicals. The oxidative stress in testes was higher with the grapeseed oil-supplemented diet and decreased with the other diets in this order: soybean oil > olive oil > coconut oil. Animals fed with the olive oil and coconut oil diets showed the highest testicular levels of antioxidants in addition to significantly high levels of testosterone and 3beta- or 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', '3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Animals', 'Coconut Oil', 'Dietary Fats', 'Homeostasis', 'Male', 'Olive Oil', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Oils', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Soybean Oil', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,549,921 | Do novel cardiovascular risk factors completely explain the higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among African Americans . The San Diego Population Study? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to determine whether novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors explain the high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among African Americans.",
"Compared with Caucasians, African Americans have higher prevalence of PAD, an association that is not explained by traditional CVD risk factors. The degree to which novel CVD risk markers may explain the higher prevalence is uncertain.",
"A nested case-control study within the San Diego Population Study was performed. The study evaluated 104 persons with PAD and 164 age- and gender-matched control subjects who were employees of a large public university and participated in a peripheral artery and venous disease study. Nine novel CVD risk factors (homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, von Willebrand factor, prothrombin fragment 1-2, D-dimer, and plasmin antiplasmin) were measured. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated whether these novel factors attenuated the association of African-American race and PAD and whether there was differential ethnic susceptibility to the novel factors.",
"African Americans had 3-fold higher odds of PAD in age- and gender-matched models (odds ratio [OR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 6.4; p < 0.01), an association that was modestly attenuated by adjustment for traditional (OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9 to 6.1; p = 0.06) and novel CVD risk markers (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 4.7; p = 0.18). Among the novel factors, the attenuation was primarily due to fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a). No interactions by novel CVD risk markers (both p values for interaction > or =0.24) were observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"African Americans",
"Aged",
"Body Mass Index",
"California",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Confidence Intervals",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Odds Ratio",
"Peripheral Vascular Diseases",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors",
"United States",
"Waist-Hip Ratio"
]
} | Traditional and novel CVD risk factors only partially explain the higher prevalence of PAD among African Americans. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do novel cardiovascular risk factors completely explain the higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among African Americans . The San Diego Population Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was designed to determine whether novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors explain the high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among African Americans.', 'Compared with Caucasians, African Americans have higher prevalence of PAD, an association that is not explained by traditional CVD risk factors. The degree to which novel CVD risk markers may explain the higher prevalence is uncertain.', 'A nested case-control study within the San Diego Population Study was performed. The study evaluated 104 persons with PAD and 164 age- and gender-matched control subjects who were employees of a large public university and participated in a peripheral artery and venous disease study. Nine novel CVD risk factors (homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, von Willebrand factor, prothrombin fragment 1-2, D-dimer, and plasmin antiplasmin) were measured. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated whether these novel factors attenuated the association of African-American race and PAD and whether there was differential ethnic susceptibility to the novel factors.', 'African Americans had 3-fold higher odds of PAD in age- and gender-matched models (odds ratio [OR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 6.4; p < 0.01), an association that was modestly attenuated by adjustment for traditional (OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9 to 6.1; p = 0.06) and novel CVD risk markers (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 4.7; p = 0.18). Among the novel factors, the attenuation was primarily due to fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a). No interactions by novel CVD risk markers (both p values for interaction > or =0.24) were observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'California', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Confidence Intervals', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'United States', 'Waist-Hip Ratio']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,547,412 | Does pichia stipitis xylose reductase help detoxifying lignocellulosic hydrolysate by reducing 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural ( HMF )? | {
"contexts": [
"Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (Ps-XR) has been used to design Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are able to ferment xylose. One example is the industrial S. cerevisiae xylose-consuming strain TMB3400, which was constructed by expression of P. stipitis xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase and overexpression of endogenous xylulose kinase in the industrial S. cerevisiae strain USM21.",
"In this study, we demonstrate that strain TMB3400 not only converts xylose, but also displays higher tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolysate during anaerobic batch fermentation as well as 3 times higher in vitro HMF and furfural reduction activity than the control strain USM21. Using laboratory strains producing various levels of Ps-XR, we confirm that Ps-XR is able to reduce HMF both in vitro and in vivo. Ps-XR overexpression increases the in vivo HMF conversion rate by approximately 20%, thereby improving yeast tolerance towards HMF. Further purification of Ps-XR shows that HMF is a substrate inhibitor of the enzyme."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | We demonstrate for the first time that xylose reductase is also able to reduce the furaldehyde compounds that are present in undetoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Possible implications of this newly characterized activity of Ps-XR on lignocellulosic hydrolysate fermentation are discussed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pichia stipitis xylose reductase help detoxifying lignocellulosic hydrolysate by reducing 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural ( HMF )?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (Ps-XR) has been used to design Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are able to ferment xylose. One example is the industrial S. cerevisiae xylose-consuming strain TMB3400, which was constructed by expression of P. stipitis xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase and overexpression of endogenous xylulose kinase in the industrial S. cerevisiae strain USM21.', 'In this study, we demonstrate that strain TMB3400 not only converts xylose, but also displays higher tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolysate during anaerobic batch fermentation as well as 3 times higher in vitro HMF and furfural reduction activity than the control strain USM21. Using laboratory strains producing various levels of Ps-XR, we confirm that Ps-XR is able to reduce HMF both in vitro and in vivo. Ps-XR overexpression increases the in vivo HMF conversion rate by approximately 20%, thereby improving yeast tolerance towards HMF. Further purification of Ps-XR shows that HMF is a substrate inhibitor of the enzyme.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,389 | Does the pro-apoptotic K-Ras 4A proto-oncoprotein affect tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse small intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"Alterations in gene splicing occur in human sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) and may contribute to tumour progression. The K-ras proto-oncogene encodes two splice variants, K-ras 4A and 4B, and K-ras activating mutations which jointly affect both isoforms are prevalent in CRC. Past studies have established that splicing of both the K-ras oncogene and proto-oncogene is altered in CRC in favour of K-ras 4B. The present study addressed whether the K-Ras 4A proto-oncoprotein can suppress tumour development in the absence of its oncogenic allele, utilising the ApcMin/+ (Min) mouse that spontaneously develops intestinal tumours that do not harbour K-ras activating mutations, and the K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mouse that can express the K-ras 4B splice variant only. By this means tumorigenesis in the small intestine was compared between ApcMin/+, K-ras+/+ and ApcMin/+, K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mice that can, and cannot, express the K-ras 4A proto-oncoprotein respectively.",
"The relative levels of expression of the K-ras splice variants in normal small intestine and small intestinal tumours were quantified by real-time RT-qPCR analysis. Inbred (C57BL/6) ApcMin/+, K-ras+/+ and ApcMin/+, K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mice were generated and the genotypes confirmed by PCR analysis. Survival of stocks was compared by the Mantel-Haenszel test, and tumour number and area compared by Student's t-test in outwardly healthy mice at approximately 106 and 152 days of age. DNA sequencing of codons 12, 13 and 61 was performed to confirm the intestinal tumours did not harbour a K-ras activating mutation.",
"The K-ras 4A transcript accounted for about 50% of K-ras expressed in the small intestine of both wild-type and Min mice. Tumours in the small intestine of Min mice showed increased levels of K-ras 4B transcript expression, but no appreciable change in K-ras 4A transcript levels. No K-ras activating mutations were detected in 27 intestinal tumours derived from Min and compound mutant Min mice. K-Ras 4A deficiency did not affect mouse survival, or tumour number, size or histopathology."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoma",
"Animals",
"Animals, Genetically Modified",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, APC",
"Genes, ras",
"Germ-Line Mutation",
"Intestinal Neoplasms",
"Intestine, Small",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | The K-Ras 4A proto-oncoprotein does not exhibit tumour suppressor activity in the small intestine, even though the K-ras 4A/4B ratio is reduced in adenomas lacking K-ras activating mutations. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the pro-apoptotic K-Ras 4A proto-oncoprotein affect tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse small intestine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Alterations in gene splicing occur in human sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) and may contribute to tumour progression. The K-ras proto-oncogene encodes two splice variants, K-ras 4A and 4B, and K-ras activating mutations which jointly affect both isoforms are prevalent in CRC. Past studies have established that splicing of both the K-ras oncogene and proto-oncogene is altered in CRC in favour of K-ras 4B. The present study addressed whether the K-Ras 4A proto-oncoprotein can suppress tumour development in the absence of its oncogenic allele, utilising the ApcMin/+ (Min) mouse that spontaneously develops intestinal tumours that do not harbour K-ras activating mutations, and the K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mouse that can express the K-ras 4B splice variant only. By this means tumorigenesis in the small intestine was compared between ApcMin/+, K-ras+/+ and ApcMin/+, K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mice that can, and cannot, express the K-ras 4A proto-oncoprotein respectively.', \"The relative levels of expression of the K-ras splice variants in normal small intestine and small intestinal tumours were quantified by real-time RT-qPCR analysis. Inbred (C57BL/6) ApcMin/+, K-ras+/+ and ApcMin/+, K-rastmDelta4A/tmDelta4A mice were generated and the genotypes confirmed by PCR analysis. Survival of stocks was compared by the Mantel-Haenszel test, and tumour number and area compared by Student's t-test in outwardly healthy mice at approximately 106 and 152 days of age. DNA sequencing of codons 12, 13 and 61 was performed to confirm the intestinal tumours did not harbour a K-ras activating mutation.\", 'The K-ras 4A transcript accounted for about 50% of K-ras expressed in the small intestine of both wild-type and Min mice. Tumours in the small intestine of Min mice showed increased levels of K-ras 4B transcript expression, but no appreciable change in K-ras 4A transcript levels. No K-ras activating mutations were detected in 27 intestinal tumours derived from Min and compound mutant Min mice. K-Ras 4A deficiency did not affect mouse survival, or tumour number, size or histopathology.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoma', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, APC', 'Genes, ras', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestine, Small', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,556,729 | Does smoking increase the risk of relapse after successful tuberculosis treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent tobacco smoking has been identified as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis, and two studies which have investigated its association with relapse of tuberculosis after completion of treatment had conflicting results (and did not control for confounding). The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for tuberculosis relapse, with emphasis on smoking.",
"A cohort of newly diagnosed TB cases was followed up from their discharge after completion of treatment (in 2001-2003) until October 2006 and relapses of tuberculosis ascertained during that period. A case of relapse was defined as a patient who started a second treatment during the follow up.",
"Smoking (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.23-5.21) and living in an area where the family health program was not implemented (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.46-8.93) were found to be independently associated with relapse of tuberculosis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Antitubercular Agents",
"Delivery of Health Care",
"Family Health",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Life Style",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Recurrence",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our results establish that smoking is associated with relapse of tuberculosis even after adjustment for the socioeconomic variables. Smoking cessation support should be incorporated in the strategies to improve effectiveness of Tuberculosis Control Programs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does smoking increase the risk of relapse after successful tuberculosis treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent tobacco smoking has been identified as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis, and two studies which have investigated its association with relapse of tuberculosis after completion of treatment had conflicting results (and did not control for confounding). The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for tuberculosis relapse, with emphasis on smoking.', 'A cohort of newly diagnosed TB cases was followed up from their discharge after completion of treatment (in 2001-2003) until October 2006 and relapses of tuberculosis ascertained during that period. A case of relapse was defined as a patient who started a second treatment during the follow up.', 'Smoking (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.23-5.21) and living in an area where the family health program was not implemented (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.46-8.93) were found to be independently associated with relapse of tuberculosis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,343 | Is pharmacogenetic effect of the UGT polymorphisms on mycophenolate modified by calcineurin inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is glucuronidated primarily by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGT) 1A9 and 1A8. These enzymes are highly polymorphic resulting in low activity and high expression phenotypes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of UGT1A9 and 1A8 may alter MPA pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation.",
"One hundred seventeen kidney (n = 93), pancreas (n = 11), or simultaneous kidney and pancreas (SPK) (n = 13) transplant recipients were studied for the effect of UGT1A9 and UGT1A8 polymorphisms on MPA dose-corrected trough concentrations. Individuals were genotyped for UGT1A8 and UGT1A9 polymorphisms (1A8*2, 1A8*3, 1A9*3, 1A9-275 and 1A9-2152). Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of UGT polymorphisms on the individual's mean MPA dose-corrected trough concentration with and without stratification by calcineurin inhibitor. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the dependence between the average MPA dose-corrected trough concentration and age, gender, UGT genotype (1A8*2, 1A8*3, 1A9*3, 1A9-275, 1A9-2152), serum albumin, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HCT), liver transaminases (AST, ALT), serum creatinine, and bilirubin.",
"Mycophenolic acid dose-corrected trough concentrations were 60% higher in subjects heterozygous or homozygous for UGT1A8*2 than in those with the wild type (p = 0.02); however, this effect was dependent on concomitant calcineurin inhibitor. When subjects were stratified by calcineurin inhibitor status, the UGT1A8*2 effect was only apparent in the tacrolimus group (p < 0.01). Mycophenolic acid dose-corrected trough concentrations were 70% lower in carriers of the UGT1A9 -275T>A/-2152 C>T polymorphism who received cyclosporine (p < 0.01). There was no effect of the UGT1A9 -275T>A/-2152C>T polymorphism in the tacrolimus group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Calcineurin Inhibitors",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Glucuronosyltransferase",
"Humans",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mycophenolic Acid",
"Pharmacogenetics",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | The effect of UGT1A8 and UGT1A9 variants on MPA metabolism appears to be modified by concomitant calcineurin inhibitor therapy. Confirmatory in vivo and in vitro studies are needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pharmacogenetic effect of the UGT polymorphisms on mycophenolate modified by calcineurin inhibitors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is glucuronidated primarily by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGT) 1A9 and 1A8. These enzymes are highly polymorphic resulting in low activity and high expression phenotypes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of UGT1A9 and 1A8 may alter MPA pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation.', \"One hundred seventeen kidney (n = 93), pancreas (n = 11), or simultaneous kidney and pancreas (SPK) (n = 13) transplant recipients were studied for the effect of UGT1A9 and UGT1A8 polymorphisms on MPA dose-corrected trough concentrations. Individuals were genotyped for UGT1A8 and UGT1A9 polymorphisms (1A8*2, 1A8*3, 1A9*3, 1A9-275 and 1A9-2152). Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of UGT polymorphisms on the individual's mean MPA dose-corrected trough concentration with and without stratification by calcineurin inhibitor. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the dependence between the average MPA dose-corrected trough concentration and age, gender, UGT genotype (1A8*2, 1A8*3, 1A9*3, 1A9-275, 1A9-2152), serum albumin, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HCT), liver transaminases (AST, ALT), serum creatinine, and bilirubin.\", 'Mycophenolic acid dose-corrected trough concentrations were 60% higher in subjects heterozygous or homozygous for UGT1A8*2 than in those with the wild type (p = 0.02); however, this effect was dependent on concomitant calcineurin inhibitor. When subjects were stratified by calcineurin inhibitor status, the UGT1A8*2 effect was only apparent in the tacrolimus group (p < 0.01). Mycophenolic acid dose-corrected trough concentrations were 70% lower in carriers of the UGT1A9 -275T>A/-2152 C>T polymorphism who received cyclosporine (p < 0.01). There was no effect of the UGT1A9 -275T>A/-2152C>T polymorphism in the tacrolimus group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Calcineurin Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Pharmacogenetics', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,414 | Does mild therapeutic hypothermia shorten intensive care unit stay of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to historical controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Persistent coma is a common finding after cardiac arrest and has profound ethical and economic implications. Evidence suggests that therapeutic hypothermia improves neurological outcome in these patients. In this analysis, we investigate whether therapeutic hypothermia influences the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventilator time in patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.",
"A prospective observational study with historical controls was conducted at our medical ICU. Fifty-two consecutive patients (median age 62.6 years, 43 males, 34 ventricular fibrillation) submitted to therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included. They were compared with a historical cohort (n = 74, median age 63.8 years, 53 males, 43 ventricular fibrillation) treated in the era prior to hypothermia treatment. All patients received the same standard of care. Neurological outcome was assessed using the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) score. Univariate analyses and multiple regression models were used.",
"In survivors, therapeutic hypothermia and baseline disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] score) were both found to significantly influence ICU stay and ventilator time (all P < 0.01). ICU stay was shorter in survivors receiving therapeutic hypothermia (median 14 days [interquartile range (IQR) 8 to 26] versus 21 days [IQR 15 to 30] in the control group; P = 0.017). ICU length of stay and time on ventilator were prolonged in patients with CPC 3 or 4 compared with patients with CPC 1 or 2 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.034, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed improved probability for 1-year survival in the hypothermia group compared with the controls (log-rank test P = 0.013)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"APACHE",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Germany",
"Heart Arrest",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Intensive Care Units",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Respiration, Artificial",
"Survivors"
]
} | Therapeutic hypothermia was found to significantly shorten ICU stay and time of mechanical ventilation in survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Moreover, profound improvements in both neurological outcome and 1-year survival were observed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mild therapeutic hypothermia shorten intensive care unit stay of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to historical controls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Persistent coma is a common finding after cardiac arrest and has profound ethical and economic implications. Evidence suggests that therapeutic hypothermia improves neurological outcome in these patients. In this analysis, we investigate whether therapeutic hypothermia influences the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventilator time in patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.', 'A prospective observational study with historical controls was conducted at our medical ICU. Fifty-two consecutive patients (median age 62.6 years, 43 males, 34 ventricular fibrillation) submitted to therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included. They were compared with a historical cohort (n = 74, median age 63.8 years, 53 males, 43 ventricular fibrillation) treated in the era prior to hypothermia treatment. All patients received the same standard of care. Neurological outcome was assessed using the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) score. Univariate analyses and multiple regression models were used.', 'In survivors, therapeutic hypothermia and baseline disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] score) were both found to significantly influence ICU stay and ventilator time (all P < 0.01). ICU stay was shorter in survivors receiving therapeutic hypothermia (median 14 days [interquartile range (IQR) 8 to 26] versus 21 days [IQR 15 to 30] in the control group; P = 0.017). ICU length of stay and time on ventilator were prolonged in patients with CPC 3 or 4 compared with patients with CPC 1 or 2 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.034, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed improved probability for 1-year survival in the hypothermia group compared with the controls (log-rank test P = 0.013).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['APACHE', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Survivors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,418 | Is mix of methods needed to identify adverse events in general practice : a prospective observational study? | {
"contexts": [
"The validity and usefulness of incident reporting and other methods for identifying adverse events remains unclear. This study aimed to compare five methods in general practice.",
"In a prospective observational study, with five general practitioners, five methods were applied and compared. The five methods were physician reported adverse events, pharmacist reported adverse events, patients' experiences of adverse events, assessment of a random sample of medical records, and assessment of all deceased patients.",
"A total of 68 events were identified using these methods. The patient survey accounted for the highest number of events and the pharmacist reports for the lowest number. No overlap between the methods was detected. The patient survey accounted for the highest number of events and the pharmacist reports for the lowest number."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Death Certificates",
"Family Practice",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medical Audit",
"Medical Errors",
"Medical Records",
"Medication Errors",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Management",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | A mix of methods is needed to identify adverse events in general practice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is mix of methods needed to identify adverse events in general practice : a prospective observational study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The validity and usefulness of incident reporting and other methods for identifying adverse events remains unclear. This study aimed to compare five methods in general practice.', \"In a prospective observational study, with five general practitioners, five methods were applied and compared. The five methods were physician reported adverse events, pharmacist reported adverse events, patients' experiences of adverse events, assessment of a random sample of medical records, and assessment of all deceased patients.\", 'A total of 68 events were identified using these methods. The patient survey accounted for the highest number of events and the pharmacist reports for the lowest number. No overlap between the methods was detected. The patient survey accounted for the highest number of events and the pharmacist reports for the lowest number.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Death Certificates', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Medical Errors', 'Medical Records', 'Medication Errors', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Management', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,562,248 | Is myocardial scar detected by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with myocardial scarring and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CE-CMR) can quantify myocardial scar, and scar imaging has been documented in patients with HCM. We investigated the assessment of myocardial scar in HCM patients using CE-CMR, and its correlation with proven VT.",
"Twenty-five patients (mean age 54 +/- 8) with HCM who underwent CE-CMR were identified, and clinical data obtained from chart review. Parameters of LV function were calculated from cine imaging, and myocardial scar was assessed using delayed enhancement imaging following gadolinium administration.",
"Myocardial scar was detected in 16 (64%) patients with a mean mass 9 +/- 15 g. Scar was patchy, mid-myocardial and located in the basal anteroseptum, and RV insertion sites. Scar was seen in septal, apical and concentric variants of HCM. Scar mass correlated with both LV Mass (r2 = 0.74) and maximal LV wall thickness (r2 = 0.42). VT occurred in 32% of patients, and was associated with both increased scar mass and wall thickness compared to non-VT patients (21 +/- 22 g vs. 4 +/- 6 g, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm vs. 1.8 +/- 0.5 cm, p < 0.05). LV size and function were similar in patients with and without VT. A scar mass of >7 g predicted the presence of VT with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity 82%."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic",
"Cicatrix",
"Cohort Studies",
"Contrast Media",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardium",
"Radiography",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tachycardia, Ventricular"
]
} | Myocardial scar imaged by CE-CMR is common in patients with HCM, and is predictive of VT. Scar is seen in all HCM variants, and is associated with maximal wall thickness. There may be a role for CE-CMR in improved risk stratification for individual patients with HCM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is myocardial scar detected by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with myocardial scarring and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CE-CMR) can quantify myocardial scar, and scar imaging has been documented in patients with HCM. We investigated the assessment of myocardial scar in HCM patients using CE-CMR, and its correlation with proven VT.', 'Twenty-five patients (mean age 54 +/- 8) with HCM who underwent CE-CMR were identified, and clinical data obtained from chart review. Parameters of LV function were calculated from cine imaging, and myocardial scar was assessed using delayed enhancement imaging following gadolinium administration.', 'Myocardial scar was detected in 16 (64%) patients with a mean mass 9 +/- 15 g. Scar was patchy, mid-myocardial and located in the basal anteroseptum, and RV insertion sites. Scar was seen in septal, apical and concentric variants of HCM. Scar mass correlated with both LV Mass (r2 = 0.74) and maximal LV wall thickness (r2 = 0.42). VT occurred in 32% of patients, and was associated with both increased scar mass and wall thickness compared to non-VT patients (21 +/- 22 g vs. 4 +/- 6 g, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm vs. 1.8 +/- 0.5 cm, p < 0.05). LV size and function were similar in patients with and without VT. A scar mass of >7 g predicted the presence of VT with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity 82%.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Cicatrix', 'Cohort Studies', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,572,246 | Is modulation of intracellular machinery by beta-glycolipids associated with alteration of NKT lipid rafts and amelioration of concanavalin-induced hepatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The integrity of lipid rafts in cell membranes is important for signal transduction.",
"To determine the distinct effects of beta-glycolipids on the composition of lipid rafts in natural killer T (NKT) cells and on the level of expression of flotillin-2, leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), and STAT1-associated pathways.",
"The effects of glycolipids were determined by composition analysis of the raft domains, FACS analysis of the distribution patterns for the raft ganglioside, GM1, and fluorescence microscopy of raft patching. To evaluate the effects of the immune environment on glycolipid-associated alteration of lipid rafts, hepatitis was induced by an intravenous injection of concanavalin A (ConA) in mice treated with various glycolipids.",
"The administration of beta-glucosylceramide, beta-lactosylceramide, and a combination of both significantly altered GM1 content in lymphocyte membranes in an environment-dependent manner. These effects were associated with altered expression levels of flotillin-2, Lck, and STAT1, and with a significant decrease in intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping and the alleviation of ConA-induced hepatitis. The administration of alpha-glycolipids failed to induce similar effects."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Concanavalin A",
"Glycolipids",
"Hepatitis, Animal",
"Killer Cells, Natural",
"Liver",
"Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)",
"Male",
"Membrane Microdomains",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Spleen",
"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic"
]
} | The alteration in the expression levels of flotillin-2, Lck, and STAT1 that occurs concomitantly with changes in lipid raft composition and structure following the administration of beta-glycolipids in ConA-induced hepatitis is microenvironment-dependent and is associated with decreased intrahepatic CD8(+) T lymphocyte trapping and amelioration of immune-mediated hepatitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is modulation of intracellular machinery by beta-glycolipids associated with alteration of NKT lipid rafts and amelioration of concanavalin-induced hepatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The integrity of lipid rafts in cell membranes is important for signal transduction.', 'To determine the distinct effects of beta-glycolipids on the composition of lipid rafts in natural killer T (NKT) cells and on the level of expression of flotillin-2, leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), and STAT1-associated pathways.', 'The effects of glycolipids were determined by composition analysis of the raft domains, FACS analysis of the distribution patterns for the raft ganglioside, GM1, and fluorescence microscopy of raft patching. To evaluate the effects of the immune environment on glycolipid-associated alteration of lipid rafts, hepatitis was induced by an intravenous injection of concanavalin A (ConA) in mice treated with various glycolipids.', 'The administration of beta-glucosylceramide, beta-lactosylceramide, and a combination of both significantly altered GM1 content in lymphocyte membranes in an environment-dependent manner. These effects were associated with altered expression levels of flotillin-2, Lck, and STAT1, and with a significant decrease in intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping and the alleviation of ConA-induced hepatitis. The administration of alpha-glycolipids failed to induce similar effects.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Concanavalin A', 'Glycolipids', 'Hepatitis, Animal', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Liver', 'Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)', 'Male', 'Membrane Microdomains', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,824 | Is heavy snoring a risk factor for case fatality and poor short-term prognosis after a first acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Sleep disordered breathing has been associated with an increased risk for developing coronary heart disease. Data on the effects of sleep disordered breathing on case fatality and prognosis of a myocardial infarction are sparse. The present study aimed to investigate a possible relationship of snoring and case fatality and mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PATIENTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: In this study, we enrolled 1660 first acute myocardial infarction cases and examined the effects of self- or relative-reported heavy snoring on case fatality and prognosis. The average follow-up time was 8 years, SD = 262 days.",
"There was a variation in the association between snoring and mortality with time, with a strong association in the first 28 days after infarction but not later during the follow-up. Occasional and regular heavy snorers, when compared to those never having heavy snoring, had a 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.79) and 3.30 (95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 4.58) hazard ratio for mortality within the first 28 days after controlling for age, gender, obesity, history of diabetes and hypertension, physical activity, smoking, and education, respectively. There was no association between snoring and new myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure during the follow-up."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Motor Activity",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Obesity",
"Prevalence",
"Prognosis",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Smoking",
"Snoring"
]
} | Heavy snoring is associated with case fatality and short-term mortality in patients with a first acute myocardial infarction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is heavy snoring a risk factor for case fatality and poor short-term prognosis after a first acute myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sleep disordered breathing has been associated with an increased risk for developing coronary heart disease. Data on the effects of sleep disordered breathing on case fatality and prognosis of a myocardial infarction are sparse. The present study aimed to investigate a possible relationship of snoring and case fatality and mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PATIENTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: In this study, we enrolled 1660 first acute myocardial infarction cases and examined the effects of self- or relative-reported heavy snoring on case fatality and prognosis. The average follow-up time was 8 years, SD = 262 days.', 'There was a variation in the association between snoring and mortality with time, with a strong association in the first 28 days after infarction but not later during the follow-up. Occasional and regular heavy snorers, when compared to those never having heavy snoring, had a 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.79) and 3.30 (95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 4.58) hazard ratio for mortality within the first 28 days after controlling for age, gender, obesity, history of diabetes and hypertension, physical activity, smoking, and education, respectively. There was no association between snoring and new myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure during the follow-up.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Smoking', 'Snoring']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,825 | Does coronary blood flow become uncoupled from myocardial work during obstructive sleep apnea in the presence of endothelial dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery disease have a poor long-term prognosis. It is unknown whether the coronary blood flow (CBF) response to OSA is appropriate for myocardial metabolic requirements. Therefore, CBF was assessed during OSA, before and after the development of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction.",
"University Hospital Animal Laboratory.",
"Newborn lambs.",
"Lambs were surgically instrumented for invasive hemodynamic monitoring and sleep-wake EEG recordings. A tracheostomy was inserted to control the upper airway and model OSA during sleep. Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction was created using infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The CBF response during OSA was assessed and compared to changes in myocardial work (rate-pressure product [RPP]), O2 saturation, and cortical arousal, before and after the LPS infusions.",
"During OSA, CBF increased by 8.6% +/- 2.4% above baseline in the pre-LPS condition and 8.8% +/- 1.9% post-LPS, peaking following termination of the respiratory event. Pre-LPS, change in CBF post-apnea was independently correlated with change in RPP (R2 = 0.50), minimum SpO2 (R2 = 0.11) and the presence of cortical arousal (R2 = 0.04) (P < 0.01, forward stepwise regression analysis). Following LPS, the only predictor of CBF was degree of O2 desaturation (R2 = 0.14, P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Cardiomyopathies",
"Electroencephalography",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Male",
"Sheep",
"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive"
]
} | Under baseline conditions, CBF correlates well with myocardial work following the termination of apnea in lambs. After the creation of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction with LPS, there is uncoupling of the normal CBF-myocardial work relationship. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does coronary blood flow become uncoupled from myocardial work during obstructive sleep apnea in the presence of endothelial dysfunction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery disease have a poor long-term prognosis. It is unknown whether the coronary blood flow (CBF) response to OSA is appropriate for myocardial metabolic requirements. Therefore, CBF was assessed during OSA, before and after the development of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction.', 'University Hospital Animal Laboratory.', 'Newborn lambs.', 'Lambs were surgically instrumented for invasive hemodynamic monitoring and sleep-wake EEG recordings. A tracheostomy was inserted to control the upper airway and model OSA during sleep. Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction was created using infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The CBF response during OSA was assessed and compared to changes in myocardial work (rate-pressure product [RPP]), O2 saturation, and cortical arousal, before and after the LPS infusions.', 'During OSA, CBF increased by 8.6% +/- 2.4% above baseline in the pre-LPS condition and 8.8% +/- 1.9% post-LPS, peaking following termination of the respiratory event. Pre-LPS, change in CBF post-apnea was independently correlated with change in RPP (R2 = 0.50), minimum SpO2 (R2 = 0.11) and the presence of cortical arousal (R2 = 0.04) (P < 0.01, forward stepwise regression analysis). Following LPS, the only predictor of CBF was degree of O2 desaturation (R2 = 0.14, P < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Electroencephalography', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Sheep', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,303 | Are overweight HIV patients with abdominal fat distribution treated with protease inhibitors at high risk for abnormalities in glucose metabolism - a reason for glycemic control? | {
"contexts": [
"In HIV patients, disorders in glucose metabolism seem to be side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which may be favoured by obesity, abdominal fat accumulation and familial disposition for diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of our study was to identify patients at high risk for abnormalities in glucose metabolism taking into account HAART, familial disposition for DM and anthropometric parameters.",
"Plasma glucose, insulin, c-peptide and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA) were determined in 44 HIV patients [16 without HAART, 19 with protease inhibitors (PI), 9 without PI (non-PI)] and in 11 healthy subjects. Glucose tolerance was determined by standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold thickness and waist circumference were measured and the waist-to-hip-ratio was calculated. Familial disposition for DM was assessed by questionnaire.",
"Impaired fasting glucose was observed in 28% of HAART-treated patients (21% with PI, 7% non-PI), in 13% of HAART-naive but none in healthy controls. 58% of PI, 44% of non-PI, 38% of HAART-naive and none of healthy controls had a HOMA-index > 2.5 which indicates insulin resistance. HAART-treated patients had significantly higher fasting glucose levels (PI: 97 +/- 11 mg/dL, p = 0.048; non-PI: 109 +/- 58 mg/dL, p = 0.009) compared to healthy controls (72 +/- 8 mg/dL). HOMA-Index was higher in PI treated patients (3.74 +/- 3.08) than in HIV negative controls (0.95 +/- 0.28, p = 0.018). The duration of HAART (p = 0.045), overweight and familial disposition for DM (p = 0.017) significantly affected fasting glucose among PI users. Waist circumference affected c-peptide (p = 0.046) concentration in these patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Fat",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV Protease Inhibitors",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Overweight"
]
} | HIV patients on long-term PI therapy with overweight and familial disposition for DM are at high risk to develop abnormalities of glucose metabolism. Thus, measurements of HOMA-Index, BMI and waist circumference should be routinely done especially in PI medicated patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are overweight HIV patients with abdominal fat distribution treated with protease inhibitors at high risk for abnormalities in glucose metabolism - a reason for glycemic control?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In HIV patients, disorders in glucose metabolism seem to be side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which may be favoured by obesity, abdominal fat accumulation and familial disposition for diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of our study was to identify patients at high risk for abnormalities in glucose metabolism taking into account HAART, familial disposition for DM and anthropometric parameters.', 'Plasma glucose, insulin, c-peptide and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA) were determined in 44 HIV patients [16 without HAART, 19 with protease inhibitors (PI), 9 without PI (non-PI)] and in 11 healthy subjects. Glucose tolerance was determined by standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold thickness and waist circumference were measured and the waist-to-hip-ratio was calculated. Familial disposition for DM was assessed by questionnaire.', 'Impaired fasting glucose was observed in 28% of HAART-treated patients (21% with PI, 7% non-PI), in 13% of HAART-naive but none in healthy controls. 58% of PI, 44% of non-PI, 38% of HAART-naive and none of healthy controls had a HOMA-index > 2.5 which indicates insulin resistance. HAART-treated patients had significantly higher fasting glucose levels (PI: 97 +/- 11 mg/dL, p = 0.048; non-PI: 109 +/- 58 mg/dL, p = 0.009) compared to healthy controls (72 +/- 8 mg/dL). HOMA-Index was higher in PI treated patients (3.74 +/- 3.08) than in HIV negative controls (0.95 +/- 0.28, p = 0.018). The duration of HAART (p = 0.045), overweight and familial disposition for DM (p = 0.017) significantly affected fasting glucose among PI users. Waist circumference affected c-peptide (p = 0.046) concentration in these patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdominal Fat', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Overweight']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,428 | Do an update on Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) decay in MEDLINE abstracts and measures for its mitigation? | {
"contexts": [
"For years, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) decay or \"link rot\" has been a growing concern in the field of biomedical sciences. This paper addresses this issue by examining the status of the URLs published in MEDLINE abstracts, establishing current availability and estimating URL decay in these records from 1994 to 2006. We also reviewed the information provided by the URL to determine if the context that the author cited in writing the paper is the same information presently available in the URL. Lastly, with all the documented recommended methods to preserve URL links, we determined which among them have gained acceptance among authors and publishers.",
"MEDLINE records from 1994 to 2006 from the National Library of Medicine in Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) format were processed yielding 10,208 URL addresses. These were accessed once daily at random times for 30 days. Titles and abstracts were also searched for the presence of archival tools such as WebCite, Persistent URL (PURL) and Digital Object Identifier (DOI).",
"Results showed that the average URL length ranged from 13 to 425 characters with a mean length of 35 characters [Standard Deviation (SD) = 13.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.25 to 13.77]. The most common top-level domains were \".org\" and \".edu\", each with 34%. About 81% of the URL pool was available 90% to 100% of the time, but only 78% of these contained the actual information mentioned in the MEDLINE record. \"Dead\" URLs constituted 16% of the total. Finally, a survey of archival tool usage showed that since its introduction in 1998, only 519 of all abstracts reviewed had incorporated DOI addresses in their MEDLINE abstracts."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Confidence Intervals",
"Hypermedia",
"Information Storage and Retrieval",
"Internet",
"MEDLINE",
"Periodicals as Topic",
"Programming Languages"
]
} | URL persistence parallels previous studies which showed approximately 81% general availability during the 1-month study period. As peer-reviewed literature remains to be the main source of information in biomedicine, we need to ensure the accuracy and preservation of these links. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do an update on Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) decay in MEDLINE abstracts and measures for its mitigation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['For years, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) decay or \"link rot\" has been a growing concern in the field of biomedical sciences. This paper addresses this issue by examining the status of the URLs published in MEDLINE abstracts, establishing current availability and estimating URL decay in these records from 1994 to 2006. We also reviewed the information provided by the URL to determine if the context that the author cited in writing the paper is the same information presently available in the URL. Lastly, with all the documented recommended methods to preserve URL links, we determined which among them have gained acceptance among authors and publishers.', 'MEDLINE records from 1994 to 2006 from the National Library of Medicine in Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) format were processed yielding 10,208 URL addresses. These were accessed once daily at random times for 30 days. Titles and abstracts were also searched for the presence of archival tools such as WebCite, Persistent URL (PURL) and Digital Object Identifier (DOI).', 'Results showed that the average URL length ranged from 13 to 425 characters with a mean length of 35 characters [Standard Deviation (SD) = 13.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.25 to 13.77]. The most common top-level domains were \".org\" and \".edu\", each with 34%. About 81% of the URL pool was available 90% to 100% of the time, but only 78% of these contained the actual information mentioned in the MEDLINE record. \"Dead\" URLs constituted 16% of the total. Finally, a survey of archival tool usage showed that since its introduction in 1998, only 519 of all abstracts reviewed had incorporated DOI addresses in their MEDLINE abstracts.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Confidence Intervals', 'Hypermedia', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Internet', 'MEDLINE', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Programming Languages']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,442 | Do pain catastrophizing and beliefs predict changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in persons with spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The current study sought to examine how changes in pain-related beliefs and coping responses are related to changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and pain. To measure longitudinal changes in these variables, respondents completed a survey that included measures of pain intensity, pain interference, and psychological functioning, as well as specific psychosocial variables (pain-related beliefs, coping, and social support) and then completed the same survey 6 months later; analyses included only the individuals who reported pain at both times (n = 40). Demographic and injury-related variables were also assessed, but none were found to be significantly associated with changes in functioning. Changes in catastrophizing and belief in one's ability to control pain were each significantly associated with changes in the outcome variables: Greater pain interference and poorer psychological functioning. Changes in specific coping strategies and social support were not predictors of changes in pain, interference, or psychological functioning. These findings support a biopsychosocial model of pain in persons with SCI. Intervention studies targeting maladaptive pain-related beliefs and catastrophizing may help to identify the causal nature of these relationships and may improve multidisciplinary treatment of pain in SCI."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Psychological",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Attitude to Health",
"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy",
"Culture",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain",
"Pain Management",
"Pain Measurement",
"Quality of Life",
"Recovery of Function",
"Regression Analysis",
"Social Support",
"Spinal Cord Injuries",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Intervention studies targeting catastrophizing and maladaptive pain-related beliefs may be the next step in determining which variables play a causal role in the pain interference and psychological functioning of individuals with pain and SCI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do pain catastrophizing and beliefs predict changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in persons with spinal cord injury?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The current study sought to examine how changes in pain-related beliefs and coping responses are related to changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and pain. To measure longitudinal changes in these variables, respondents completed a survey that included measures of pain intensity, pain interference, and psychological functioning, as well as specific psychosocial variables (pain-related beliefs, coping, and social support) and then completed the same survey 6 months later; analyses included only the individuals who reported pain at both times (n = 40). Demographic and injury-related variables were also assessed, but none were found to be significantly associated with changes in functioning. Changes in catastrophizing and belief in one's ability to control pain were each significantly associated with changes in the outcome variables: Greater pain interference and poorer psychological functioning. Changes in specific coping strategies and social support were not predictors of changes in pain, interference, or psychological functioning. These findings support a biopsychosocial model of pain in persons with SCI. Intervention studies targeting maladaptive pain-related beliefs and catastrophizing may help to identify the causal nature of these relationships and may improve multidisciplinary treatment of pain in SCI.\"], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Quality of Life', 'Recovery of Function', 'Regression Analysis', 'Social Support', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,977 | Do an update of the general health status in the indigenous populations of Malaysia? | {
"contexts": [
"Health scenarios are constantly evolving, particularly in developing countries but little is known regarding the health status of indigenous groups in Malaysia. This study aims to elucidate the current health status in four indigenous populations in the country, who by and large been left out of mainstream healthcare developments.",
"Participants were recruited from the Temuan, Jehai, Kensiu and Bidayuh indigenous groups throughout Peninsula Malaysia and Sarawak. Health parameters including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, casual blood glucose and, total cholesterol levels were measured using established methods. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels were measured to assess oxidative stress status. Blood films were screened for evidence of microbial or parasitic infections and leukocyte differential counting was performed.",
"The Temuan and Bidayuh who are more urbanized, had significantly higher mean body weight, BMI, total cholesterol (p<0.05) and higher prevalence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Low cholesterol levels, elevated eosinophil counts and increased total IgE, indicative of immune responses to infection or allergy, were recorded in the rural Kensiu and Jehai. The Kensiu had higher levels of FRAP and lower levels of MDA, whereas the reverse was found in the Temuan. This suggests reduced oxidative stress in the Kensiu compared to the Temuan. Expected correlations between FRAP and MDA levels with age, were evident in Jehai."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Mass Index",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cholesterol",
"Female",
"Health Status Indicators",
"Humans",
"Malaysia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Population Groups"
]
} | Our findings reflect a shifting health burden and an epidemiological transition, particularly in the Temuan and Bidayuh. These changes could be attributed to dietary habits, lifestyles and socio-economic factors brought about by urbanization. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do an update of the general health status in the indigenous populations of Malaysia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Health scenarios are constantly evolving, particularly in developing countries but little is known regarding the health status of indigenous groups in Malaysia. This study aims to elucidate the current health status in four indigenous populations in the country, who by and large been left out of mainstream healthcare developments.', 'Participants were recruited from the Temuan, Jehai, Kensiu and Bidayuh indigenous groups throughout Peninsula Malaysia and Sarawak. Health parameters including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, casual blood glucose and, total cholesterol levels were measured using established methods. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels were measured to assess oxidative stress status. Blood films were screened for evidence of microbial or parasitic infections and leukocyte differential counting was performed.', 'The Temuan and Bidayuh who are more urbanized, had significantly higher mean body weight, BMI, total cholesterol (p<0.05) and higher prevalence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Low cholesterol levels, elevated eosinophil counts and increased total IgE, indicative of immune responses to infection or allergy, were recorded in the rural Kensiu and Jehai. The Kensiu had higher levels of FRAP and lower levels of MDA, whereas the reverse was found in the Temuan. This suggests reduced oxidative stress in the Kensiu compared to the Temuan. Expected correlations between FRAP and MDA levels with age, were evident in Jehai.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Population Groups']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,266 | Does circulating survivin indicate severe course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein that has been recently suggested as a predictive marker of joint destruction in adult rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the presence of extracellular survivin in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).",
"Survivin levels were assessed in the circulation of 46 patients with JIA and in the age- and gender-matched controls (n=46) having no inflammatory disease, by ELISA. Survivin levels were analyzed with respect to the onset type and the activity of the joint disease. The intensity of inflammation and cartilage turnover was measured as levels of IL-6, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), respectively.",
"The levels of extracellular survivin were significantly higher in JIA compared to the controls (p=0.0002). High levels of survivin (above mean + 2SD of the controls) were detected in 8/46 (17% JIA patients. High survivin expression was associated with polyarticular onset, active phase of arthritis. In contrast, survivin was neither related to the levels of IL-6, SAA, nor to COMP."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Arthritis, Juvenile",
"Biomarkers",
"Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein",
"Child",
"Extracellular Matrix Proteins",
"Extracellular Space",
"Female",
"Glycoproteins",
"Humans",
"Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins",
"Interleukin-6",
"Male",
"Matrilin Proteins",
"Microtubule-Associated Proteins",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Serum Amyloid A Protein",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Survivin"
]
} | Circulating survivin is expressed in a significant group of patients with JIA being associated to a severe course of the disease. It may be potentially used to select children with unfavorable prognosis of JIA who are in need of active pharmacologic treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does circulating survivin indicate severe course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein that has been recently suggested as a predictive marker of joint destruction in adult rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the presence of extracellular survivin in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).', 'Survivin levels were assessed in the circulation of 46 patients with JIA and in the age- and gender-matched controls (n=46) having no inflammatory disease, by ELISA. Survivin levels were analyzed with respect to the onset type and the activity of the joint disease. The intensity of inflammation and cartilage turnover was measured as levels of IL-6, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), respectively.', 'The levels of extracellular survivin were significantly higher in JIA compared to the controls (p=0.0002). High levels of survivin (above mean + 2SD of the controls) were detected in 8/46 (17% JIA patients. High survivin expression was associated with polyarticular onset, active phase of arthritis. In contrast, survivin was neither related to the levels of IL-6, SAA, nor to COMP.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Biomarkers', 'Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein', 'Child', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Matrilin Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Serum Amyloid A Protein', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survivin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,064 | Do donor postextubation hypotension and age correlate with outcome after donation after cardiac death transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Compared with standard donors, kidneys recovered from donors after cardiac death (DCD) exhibit higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF), and DCD livers demonstrate higher rates of biliary ischemia, graft loss, and worse patient survival. Current practice limits the use of these organs based on time from donor extubation to asystole, but data to support this is incomplete. We hypothesized that donor postextubation parameters, including duration and severity of hemodynamic instability or hypoxia might be a better predictor of subsequent graft function.",
"We performed a retrospective examination of the New England Organ Bank DCD database, concentrating on donor factors including vital signs after withdrawal of support.",
"Prolonged, severe hypotension in the postextubation period was a better predictor of subsequent organ function that time from extubation to asystole. For DCD kidneys, this manifested as a trend toward increased DGF. For DCD livers, this manifested as increased rates of poor outcomes. Maximizing the predictive value of this test in the liver cohort suggested that greater than 15 min between the time when the donor systolic blood pressure drops below 50 mm Hg and flush correlates with increased rates of diffuse biliary ischemia, graft loss, or death. Donor age also correlated with worse outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Blood Pressure",
"Death",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypotension",
"Incidence",
"Intubation, Intratracheal",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Survival Rate",
"Tissue Donors",
"Tissue and Organ Procurement",
"United States",
"Ventilator Weaning"
]
} | Time between profound instability and cold perfusion is a better predictor of outcome than time from extubation to asystole. If validated, this information could be used to predict DGF after DCD renal transplant and improve outcomes after DCD liver transplant. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do donor postextubation hypotension and age correlate with outcome after donation after cardiac death transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Compared with standard donors, kidneys recovered from donors after cardiac death (DCD) exhibit higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF), and DCD livers demonstrate higher rates of biliary ischemia, graft loss, and worse patient survival. Current practice limits the use of these organs based on time from donor extubation to asystole, but data to support this is incomplete. We hypothesized that donor postextubation parameters, including duration and severity of hemodynamic instability or hypoxia might be a better predictor of subsequent graft function.', 'We performed a retrospective examination of the New England Organ Bank DCD database, concentrating on donor factors including vital signs after withdrawal of support.', 'Prolonged, severe hypotension in the postextubation period was a better predictor of subsequent organ function that time from extubation to asystole. For DCD kidneys, this manifested as a trend toward increased DGF. For DCD livers, this manifested as increased rates of poor outcomes. Maximizing the predictive value of this test in the liver cohort suggested that greater than 15 min between the time when the donor systolic blood pressure drops below 50 mm Hg and flush correlates with increased rates of diffuse biliary ischemia, graft loss, or death. Donor age also correlated with worse outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Blood Pressure', 'Death', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Incidence', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement', 'United States', 'Ventilator Weaning']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,546,285 | Does botulinum toxin type A induce direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone, possibly by acting on neurogenic inflammation. Such a mechanism may be involved in peripheral neuropathic pain.",
"A possible direct analgesic effect of BTX-A pain processing was investigated in 29 patients with focal painful neuropathies and mechanical allodynia using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Patients received a one-time intradermal administration of BTX-A (20-190 units) into the painful area. Outcome measures, evaluated at baseline, then at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, included average spontaneous pain intensity, quantified testing of thermal and mechanical perception and pain, allodynia to brushing (area, intensity), neuropathic symptoms, clinical global impression, and quality of life.",
"BTX-A treatment, relative to placebo, was associated with persistent effects on spontaneous pain intensity from 2 weeks after the injection to 14 weeks. These effects correlated with the preservation of thermal sensation at baseline (p < 0.05). BTX also improved allodynia to brush and decreased pain thresholds to cold, without affecting perception thresholds. There were sustained improvements in the proportion of responders (number needed to treat for 50% pain relief: 3.03 at 12 weeks), neuropathic symptoms, and general activity. Most patients reported pain during the injections, but there were no further local or systemic side effects."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analgesics",
"Botulinum Toxins, Type A",
"Chronic Disease",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Injections, Intradermal",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuralgia",
"Neuromuscular Agents",
"Nociceptors",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain Threshold",
"Peripheral Nerves",
"Peripheral Nervous System Diseases",
"Placebos",
"Quality of Life",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These results indicate for the first time that BTX-A may induce direct analgesic effects in patients with chronic neuropathic pain independent of its effects on muscle tone and suggest novel indications for BTX-A in analgesia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does botulinum toxin type A induce direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone, possibly by acting on neurogenic inflammation. Such a mechanism may be involved in peripheral neuropathic pain.', 'A possible direct analgesic effect of BTX-A pain processing was investigated in 29 patients with focal painful neuropathies and mechanical allodynia using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Patients received a one-time intradermal administration of BTX-A (20-190 units) into the painful area. Outcome measures, evaluated at baseline, then at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, included average spontaneous pain intensity, quantified testing of thermal and mechanical perception and pain, allodynia to brushing (area, intensity), neuropathic symptoms, clinical global impression, and quality of life.', 'BTX-A treatment, relative to placebo, was associated with persistent effects on spontaneous pain intensity from 2 weeks after the injection to 14 weeks. These effects correlated with the preservation of thermal sensation at baseline (p < 0.05). BTX also improved allodynia to brush and decreased pain thresholds to cold, without affecting perception thresholds. There were sustained improvements in the proportion of responders (number needed to treat for 50% pain relief: 3.03 at 12 weeks), neuropathic symptoms, and general activity. Most patients reported pain during the injections, but there were no further local or systemic side effects.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analgesics', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Chronic Disease', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuralgia', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Placebos', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,952 | Is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation uncommon in outpatients with chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients with heart failure (HF) due to systolic dysfunction.",
"We included 79 patients (age 68 years, LVEF 30%) with HF and sinus-rhythm (SR) referred to a HF outpatient clinic. A 48 hours Holter ECG and a follow-up ECG were performed. RESULTS. One patient had one episode of PAF. Thirty-two (41%) patients had episodes of irregular atrial runs (AR). The numbers of QRS complexes during AR were 7.2+/-2.9 (mean+/-SD). Patients with AR were older than patients with SR, p =0.02 and more often of female sex, p =0.04. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and female sex were independently correlated with AR with adjusted OR of 1.1 (per year, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, p =0.01) and 4.0 (1.05-15.07, p =0.04), respectively. The presence of AR did not predict development of new-onset AF."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Chronic Disease",
"Denmark",
"Electrocardiography, Ambulatory",
"Female",
"Heart Failure, Systolic",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Outpatients",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | Outpatients with HF due to systolic dysfunction did not present with PAF during 48 hours Holter, but had several episodes of AR. The clinical and prognostic importance of AR deserves further investigation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation uncommon in outpatients with chronic heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients with heart failure (HF) due to systolic dysfunction.', 'We included 79 patients (age 68 years, LVEF 30%) with HF and sinus-rhythm (SR) referred to a HF outpatient clinic. A 48 hours Holter ECG and a follow-up ECG were performed. RESULTS. One patient had one episode of PAF. Thirty-two (41%) patients had episodes of irregular atrial runs (AR). The numbers of QRS complexes during AR were 7.2+/-2.9 (mean+/-SD). Patients with AR were older than patients with SR, p =0.02 and more often of female sex, p =0.04. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and female sex were independently correlated with AR with adjusted OR of 1.1 (per year, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, p =0.01) and 4.0 (1.05-15.07, p =0.04), respectively. The presence of AR did not predict development of new-onset AF.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Chronic Disease', 'Denmark', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Heart Failure, Systolic', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Outpatients', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,557,008 | Do occupational therapy service use among people aging with multiple sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the use of occupational therapy services in a sample of people aging with multiple sclerosis (MS).",
"A total of 1,282 people with MS, ages 45 to 90, participated in telephone interviews to identify unmet health-related service needs. Occupational therapy was 1 of 22 services examined. Proportional odds models were used to examine factors associated with how recently services were used.",
"Four hundred eighty-four participants (38.2%) had used occupational therapy services at some point since their diagnosis; 211 had used these services in the year before the interview. Recent users identified occupational therapy services as important to health and well-being. Satisfaction with services was high. Greater activity limitations and living in an urban or suburban area were associated with more recent use of occupational therapy services."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Female",
"Health Services Accessibility",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Sclerosis",
"Occupational Therapy",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Residence Characteristics",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | The results raise questions about what constitutes appropriate levels of occupational therapy service use and how to ensure that these levels are achieved. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do occupational therapy service use among people aging with multiple sclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We examined the use of occupational therapy services in a sample of people aging with multiple sclerosis (MS).', 'A total of 1,282 people with MS, ages 45 to 90, participated in telephone interviews to identify unmet health-related service needs. Occupational therapy was 1 of 22 services examined. Proportional odds models were used to examine factors associated with how recently services were used.', 'Four hundred eighty-four participants (38.2%) had used occupational therapy services at some point since their diagnosis; 211 had used these services in the year before the interview. Recent users identified occupational therapy services as important to health and well-being. Satisfaction with services was high. Greater activity limitations and living in an urban or suburban area were associated with more recent use of occupational therapy services.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,557,007 | Do interrater reliability of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests ( SIPT ) score interpretation? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined interrater reliability of score interpretation on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).",
"Using SIPT scores of two complex cases, 20 trained participants independently rated each case for presence of sensory integrative dysfunction and for relevance of specific patterns of dysfunction. They also provided comments to justify their ratings.",
"Agreement on the presence of sensory integrative dysfunction was 70% for Case A and 100% for Case B. Reliability was more variable for dysfunctional pattern ratings, ranging from 50% to 100% agreement for Cases A and B, respectively. Participants consistently appeared to use configural decision-making strategies to guide their ratings."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Child",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Observer Variation",
"Occupational Therapy",
"Perceptual Disorders",
"Psychomotor Disorders",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Interrater reliability was moderate to high for interpretation of the presence of sensory integrative dysfunction using SIPT scores. Less agreement was apparent regarding specific patterns of dysfunction. Results suggest that additional clinical information, such as clinical observations and case history, may be needed to make reliable distinctions among dysfunctional patterns. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do interrater reliability of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests ( SIPT ) score interpretation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examined interrater reliability of score interpretation on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).', 'Using SIPT scores of two complex cases, 20 trained participants independently rated each case for presence of sensory integrative dysfunction and for relevance of specific patterns of dysfunction. They also provided comments to justify their ratings.', 'Agreement on the presence of sensory integrative dysfunction was 70% for Case A and 100% for Case B. Reliability was more variable for dysfunctional pattern ratings, ranging from 50% to 100% agreement for Cases A and B, respectively. Participants consistently appeared to use configural decision-making strategies to guide their ratings.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Child', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Perceptual Disorders', 'Psychomotor Disorders', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,257 | Does the FVIIa-tissue factor complex induce the expression of MMP7 in LOVO cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The extracellular interactions of plasma clotting factor VIIa (FVIIa) with tissue factor (TF) on the cell surface trigger intracellular signaling events involved in multiple physiological processes. TF expression is related to the metastatic potential of tumor cells and is a significant risk factor in the development of hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. At present, it is unclear how the interaction between TF and FVIIa influences the development of metastasis in colon cancer.",
"We used a stable LOVO cell line derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma for our model Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and RNA inference (RNAi), and the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System technology were utilized to determine if MMP7 can be up-regulated by the VIIa/TF complex.",
"Northern blot analysis confirmed that the plasma clotting factor FVIIa/TF complex resulted in a marked increase in MMP7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner via the p38 pathway in vitro. The proximal promoter of the human MMP7 gene was cloned into a luciferase reporter construction (MMP7.luc1592). Upon treatment with FVIIa, reporter activity in LOVO cells was increased by 2.5-fold. TF RNAi almost completely abolished FVIIa-mediated MMP7.luc induction. Deletion constructs from MMP7.luc1592 further defined an active promoter region."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Blotting, Northern",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Factor VIIa",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Imidazoles",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 7",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Pyridines",
"RNA, Neoplasm",
"Transcription, Genetic",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | Taken together, these data provide evidence that expression of MMP7 in colon cancer may be regulated by FVIIa and TF at the transcriptional level. MMP7 may act as a downstream mediator of FVIIa/TF signal transduction to facilitate the development of metastasis in colon cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the FVIIa-tissue factor complex induce the expression of MMP7 in LOVO cells in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The extracellular interactions of plasma clotting factor VIIa (FVIIa) with tissue factor (TF) on the cell surface trigger intracellular signaling events involved in multiple physiological processes. TF expression is related to the metastatic potential of tumor cells and is a significant risk factor in the development of hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. At present, it is unclear how the interaction between TF and FVIIa influences the development of metastasis in colon cancer.', 'We used a stable LOVO cell line derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma for our model Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and RNA inference (RNAi), and the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System technology were utilized to determine if MMP7 can be up-regulated by the VIIa/TF complex.', 'Northern blot analysis confirmed that the plasma clotting factor FVIIa/TF complex resulted in a marked increase in MMP7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner via the p38 pathway in vitro. The proximal promoter of the human MMP7 gene was cloned into a luciferase reporter construction (MMP7.luc1592). Upon treatment with FVIIa, reporter activity in LOVO cells was increased by 2.5-fold. TF RNAi almost completely abolished FVIIa-mediated MMP7.luc induction. Deletion constructs from MMP7.luc1592 further defined an active promoter region.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Factor VIIa', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 7', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pyridines', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,557,710 | Is childhood hygiene associated with the risk for inflammatory bowel disease : a population-based study? | {
"contexts": [
"The \"hygiene hypothesis\" postulates that individuals raised in a sanitary environment are more likely to develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies previously demonstrated contradictory results in this regard. We performed for the first time a population-based study on the association of surrogate markers of childhood hygiene with the risk for IBD.",
"A cross-sectional population-based study was undertaken. Information on number of siblings, birth order, and living in an urban versus rural environment was obtained for 399,251 Jewish adolescents at the age of 17 yr from 1998 to 2004. The study population included only subjects born in Israel. In order to control for genetic confounding, subjects were also divided according to their ethnic group as being Ashkenazi, Sephardic, or Israeli in origin.",
"In total, 768 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were diagnosed (0.19%), with 53.8% of the cases being of Ashkenazi origin. On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with IBD were male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.67), Ashkenazi origin (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.63-2.22), living in an urban environment (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.78), small number of siblings in the family (for 1 sibling vs 5 or more, OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.49-4.62), and higher birth order (for birth order of 5 or higher vs 1, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.47-3.77), showing for both variables an almost strictly highly significant monotonic association (P value for trend <0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Birth Order",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Family",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases",
"Israel",
"Male",
"Risk Factors",
"Rural Population",
"Sanitation",
"Sex Factors",
"Urban Population"
]
} | Surrogate markers of childhood hygiene are associated with the risk for IBD, thus reinforcing the "hygiene hypothesis." | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is childhood hygiene associated with the risk for inflammatory bowel disease : a population-based study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The \"hygiene hypothesis\" postulates that individuals raised in a sanitary environment are more likely to develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies previously demonstrated contradictory results in this regard. We performed for the first time a population-based study on the association of surrogate markers of childhood hygiene with the risk for IBD.', 'A cross-sectional population-based study was undertaken. Information on number of siblings, birth order, and living in an urban versus rural environment was obtained for 399,251 Jewish adolescents at the age of 17 yr from 1998 to 2004. The study population included only subjects born in Israel. In order to control for genetic confounding, subjects were also divided according to their ethnic group as being Ashkenazi, Sephardic, or Israeli in origin.', 'In total, 768 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were diagnosed (0.19%), with 53.8% of the cases being of Ashkenazi origin. On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with IBD were male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.67), Ashkenazi origin (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.63-2.22), living in an urban environment (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.78), small number of siblings in the family (for 1 sibling vs 5 or more, OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.49-4.62), and higher birth order (for birth order of 5 or higher vs 1, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.47-3.77), showing for both variables an almost strictly highly significant monotonic association (P value for trend <0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Birth Order', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Sanitation', 'Sex Factors', 'Urban Population']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,712 | Does absence of auto-antibodies against cardiac troponin I predict improvement of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Application of antibodies against cardiac troponin I (cTnI-Ab) can induce dilation and dysfunction of the heart in mice. Recently, we demonstrated that immunization with cTnI induces inflammation and fibrosis in myocardium of mice. Others have shown that auto-antibodies to cTnI are present in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but little is known about the clinical relevance of detected cTnI-Ab.",
"First, anti-cTnI and anti-cTnT antibody titres were measured in sera from 272 patients with dilated- (DCM) and 185 with ischaemic- (ICM) cardiomyopathy. Secondly, 108 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included for a follow-up study. Heart characteristics were determined by magnetic resonance imaging 4 days and 6-9 months after AMI. Altogether in 7.0% of patients with DCM and in 9.2% with ICM, an anti-cTnI IgG antibody titre >/=1:160 was measured. In contrast, only in 1.7% of patients with DCM and in 0.5% with ICM, an anti-cTnT IgG antibody titre >/=1:160 was detected. Ten out of 108 patients included in the follow-up study were tested positive for cTnI-Ab with IgG Ab titres >/=1:160. TnI-Ab negative patients showed a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume 6-9 months after AMI. In contrast, there was no significant increase in LVEF and stroke volume in TnI-Ab positive patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Coronary Syndrome",
"Animals",
"Autoantibodies",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stroke Volume",
"Troponin I",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | We demonstrate for the first time that the prevalence of cTnI-Abs in patients with AMI has an impact on the improvement of the LVEF over a study period of 6-9 months. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does absence of auto-antibodies against cardiac troponin I predict improvement of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Application of antibodies against cardiac troponin I (cTnI-Ab) can induce dilation and dysfunction of the heart in mice. Recently, we demonstrated that immunization with cTnI induces inflammation and fibrosis in myocardium of mice. Others have shown that auto-antibodies to cTnI are present in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but little is known about the clinical relevance of detected cTnI-Ab.', 'First, anti-cTnI and anti-cTnT antibody titres were measured in sera from 272 patients with dilated- (DCM) and 185 with ischaemic- (ICM) cardiomyopathy. Secondly, 108 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included for a follow-up study. Heart characteristics were determined by magnetic resonance imaging 4 days and 6-9 months after AMI. Altogether in 7.0% of patients with DCM and in 9.2% with ICM, an anti-cTnI IgG antibody titre >/=1:160 was measured. In contrast, only in 1.7% of patients with DCM and in 0.5% with ICM, an anti-cTnT IgG antibody titre >/=1:160 was detected. Ten out of 108 patients included in the follow-up study were tested positive for cTnI-Ab with IgG Ab titres >/=1:160. TnI-Ab negative patients showed a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume 6-9 months after AMI. In contrast, there was no significant increase in LVEF and stroke volume in TnI-Ab positive patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stroke Volume', 'Troponin I', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,560,942 | Do human breast tumor cells express multimodal imaging reporter genes? | {
"contexts": [
"Human ZR75-1 cells were among the first few characterized estrogen-dependent mammary gland carcinoma cell lines and had been utilized in various studies for the pro- or antitumor effect of xenoestrogens and antiestrogens. The objective of this study was to establish a breast tumor model in ZR75-1 cells bearing multimodal reporter genes to allow noninvasive imaging of tumor growth using fluorescence and nuclear imaging platforms.",
"Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) cDNA was fused at the C-terminus with herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) to form the fusion reporter gene (eGFP-tk). In vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion assays revealed that eGFP-tk-transfected ZR75-1 cells exhibited decreased proliferation rate, migratory activity, and invasion ability compared to the wild-type cells. The functional HSV1-tk enzymatic activity in stably transfected cells were confirmed by in vitro ganciclovir (GCV) sensitivity and [123I]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil (FIAU) accumulation assays. In vivo fluorescence and nuclear imaging were performed on nude mice bearing multiple subcutaneous xenografts established from ZR75-1-eGFP-tk and wild-type cells. Optical imaging was able to detect the green fluorescence of eGFP-tk tumor. The eGFP-tk reporter gene-specific imaging was achieved by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [123I]FIAU as a radiotracer and demonstrated decreased FIAU uptake in eGFP-tk tumor by GCV treatment. Probably due to a flare reaction after GCV treatment, micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) imaging using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) could not demonstrate decreases in FDG uptake. However, in vitro metabolic assay also revealed that eGFP-tk cells transiently increased [3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in response to GCV treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arabinofuranosyluracil",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Female",
"Ganciclovir",
"Genes, Reporter",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred ICR",
"Mice, Nude",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Substrate Specificity",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | This study confirmed the usefulness of eGFP-tk in many applications by providing, in vitro and in vivo, the sensitive and reporter gene-specific imaging. ZR75-1-eGFP-tk cells that are ready to incorporate in various imaging platforms constitute a useful model in breast cancer research. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do human breast tumor cells express multimodal imaging reporter genes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Human ZR75-1 cells were among the first few characterized estrogen-dependent mammary gland carcinoma cell lines and had been utilized in various studies for the pro- or antitumor effect of xenoestrogens and antiestrogens. The objective of this study was to establish a breast tumor model in ZR75-1 cells bearing multimodal reporter genes to allow noninvasive imaging of tumor growth using fluorescence and nuclear imaging platforms.', 'Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) cDNA was fused at the C-terminus with herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) to form the fusion reporter gene (eGFP-tk). In vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion assays revealed that eGFP-tk-transfected ZR75-1 cells exhibited decreased proliferation rate, migratory activity, and invasion ability compared to the wild-type cells. The functional HSV1-tk enzymatic activity in stably transfected cells were confirmed by in vitro ganciclovir (GCV) sensitivity and [123I]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil (FIAU) accumulation assays. In vivo fluorescence and nuclear imaging were performed on nude mice bearing multiple subcutaneous xenografts established from ZR75-1-eGFP-tk and wild-type cells. Optical imaging was able to detect the green fluorescence of eGFP-tk tumor. The eGFP-tk reporter gene-specific imaging was achieved by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [123I]FIAU as a radiotracer and demonstrated decreased FIAU uptake in eGFP-tk tumor by GCV treatment. Probably due to a flare reaction after GCV treatment, micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) imaging using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) could not demonstrate decreases in FDG uptake. However, in vitro metabolic assay also revealed that eGFP-tk cells transiently increased [3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in response to GCV treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arabinofuranosyluracil', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Ganciclovir', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Mice, Nude', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,560,512 | Does the histidine kinase AHK5 integrate endogenous and environmental signals in Arabidopsis guard cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Stomatal guard cells monitor and respond to environmental and endogenous signals such that the stomatal aperture is continually optimised for water use efficiency. A key signalling molecule produced in guard cells in response to plant hormones, light, carbon dioxide and pathogen-derived signals is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The mechanisms by which H(2)O(2) integrates multiple signals via specific signalling pathways leading to stomatal closure is not known.",
"Here, we identify a pathway by which H(2)O(2), derived from endogenous and environmental stimuli, is sensed and transduced to effect stomatal closure. Histidine kinases (HK) are part of two-component signal transduction systems that act to integrate environmental stimuli into a cellular response via a phosphotransfer relay mechanism. There is little known about the function of the HK AHK5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report that in addition to the predicted cytoplasmic localisation of this protein, AHK5 also appears to co-localise to the plasma membrane. Although AHK5 is expressed at low levels in guard cells, we identify a unique role for AHK5 in stomatal signalling. Arabidopsis mutants lacking AHK5 show reduced stomatal closure in response to H(2)O(2), which is reversed by complementation with the wild type gene. Over-expression of AHK5 results in constitutively less stomatal closure. Abiotic stimuli that generate endogenous H(2)O(2), such as darkness, nitric oxide and the phytohormone ethylene, also show reduced stomatal closure in the ahk5 mutants. However, ABA caused closure, dark adaptation induced H(2)O(2) production and H(2)O(2) induced NO synthesis in mutants. Treatment with the bacterial pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin, but not elf peptide, also exhibited reduced stomatal closure and H(2)O(2) generation in ahk5 mutants."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abscisic Acid",
"Arabidopsis",
"Base Sequence",
"DNA Primers",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"Darkness",
"Ethylenes",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant",
"Genes, Plant",
"Histidine Kinase",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Protein Kinases",
"Signal Transduction",
"Subcellular Fractions"
]
} | Our findings identify an integral signalling function for AHK5 that acts to integrate multiple signals via H(2)O(2) homeostasis and is independent of ABA signalling in guard cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the histidine kinase AHK5 integrate endogenous and environmental signals in Arabidopsis guard cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Stomatal guard cells monitor and respond to environmental and endogenous signals such that the stomatal aperture is continually optimised for water use efficiency. A key signalling molecule produced in guard cells in response to plant hormones, light, carbon dioxide and pathogen-derived signals is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The mechanisms by which H(2)O(2) integrates multiple signals via specific signalling pathways leading to stomatal closure is not known.', 'Here, we identify a pathway by which H(2)O(2), derived from endogenous and environmental stimuli, is sensed and transduced to effect stomatal closure. Histidine kinases (HK) are part of two-component signal transduction systems that act to integrate environmental stimuli into a cellular response via a phosphotransfer relay mechanism. There is little known about the function of the HK AHK5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report that in addition to the predicted cytoplasmic localisation of this protein, AHK5 also appears to co-localise to the plasma membrane. Although AHK5 is expressed at low levels in guard cells, we identify a unique role for AHK5 in stomatal signalling. Arabidopsis mutants lacking AHK5 show reduced stomatal closure in response to H(2)O(2), which is reversed by complementation with the wild type gene. Over-expression of AHK5 results in constitutively less stomatal closure. Abiotic stimuli that generate endogenous H(2)O(2), such as darkness, nitric oxide and the phytohormone ethylene, also show reduced stomatal closure in the ahk5 mutants. However, ABA caused closure, dark adaptation induced H(2)O(2) production and H(2)O(2) induced NO synthesis in mutants. Treatment with the bacterial pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin, but not elf peptide, also exhibited reduced stomatal closure and H(2)O(2) generation in ahk5 mutants.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abscisic Acid', 'Arabidopsis', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Darkness', 'Ethylenes', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Histidine Kinase', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Protein Kinases', 'Signal Transduction', 'Subcellular Fractions']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,557,987 | Do serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease : a matched case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa.",
"To evaluate whether serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).",
"In all, 388 patients with heartburn not taking any form of acid suppressive therapy were matched-controlled for age and gender and sub-classified into four groups: group 1 non-erosive reflux disease (NERD); group 2, erosive reflux disease (ERD) Los Angeles (LA) A and B, group 3, ERD LA C and D; group 4 Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Fasting serum was analysed for gastrin 17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II und Helicobacter pylori using specific EIA tests (GastroPanel; Biohit, Plc).",
"Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance.",
"There was a significant difference among the four groups with respect for pepsinogen I, but not for pepsinogen II, the pepsinogen I pepsinogen II ratio, H. pylori serology and gastrin levels. Pepsinogen I was the lowest in NERD and the highest in BO (median 91.6, mean +/- standard deviation 106.2 +/- 51.6 vs. median 114.7, mean +/- standard deviation 130.4 +/- 70.6; P = 0.046). Pepsinogen I levels were higher in H. pylori positive subjects. After adjusting for H. pylori status, the differences in pepsinogen I across patient groups were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.298)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Bacterial",
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal",
"Female",
"Gastric Acid",
"Gastric Mucosa",
"Gastrins",
"Gastroesophageal Reflux",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pepsinogens",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Serum gastrin and pepsinogen I and II do not correlate with the different grades of severity of GERD. The non-invasive GastroPanel is not useful for the differentiation of the various forms of GERD. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease : a matched case-control study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa.', 'To evaluate whether serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).', \"In all, 388 patients with heartburn not taking any form of acid suppressive therapy were matched-controlled for age and gender and sub-classified into four groups: group 1 non-erosive reflux disease (NERD); group 2, erosive reflux disease (ERD) Los Angeles (LA) A and B, group 3, ERD LA C and D; group 4 Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Fasting serum was analysed for gastrin 17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II und Helicobacter pylori using specific EIA tests (GastroPanel; Biohit, Plc).\", 'Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance.', 'There was a significant difference among the four groups with respect for pepsinogen I, but not for pepsinogen II, the pepsinogen I pepsinogen II ratio, H. pylori serology and gastrin levels. Pepsinogen I was the lowest in NERD and the highest in BO (median 91.6, mean +/- standard deviation 106.2 +/- 51.6 vs. median 114.7, mean +/- standard deviation 130.4 +/- 70.6; P = 0.046). Pepsinogen I levels were higher in H. pylori positive subjects. After adjusting for H. pylori status, the differences in pepsinogen I across patient groups were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.298).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrins', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pepsinogens', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,573,817 | Does memory decline evolve independently of disease activity in MS? | {
"contexts": [
"The natural history of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its relationship with disease activity is not well known. In this study, we evaluate a prospective cohort of 44 MS patients who were followed every 3 months for 2 years. Cognitive evaluation was done at baseline and by the end of the study using the Brief Repeatable Battery-Neuropsychology. Clinical evaluation included assessment of new relapses and changes in disability (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) confirmed at 6 months.",
"We found that verbal memory performance deteriorates after 2 years in patients with MS. These changes were observed in stable and active patients both in terms of relapses and disability progression, even at the beginning of the disease, and in patients with or without cognitive impairment at study entry. Attention and executive functions measured with the symbol digit modality test (SDMT) declined after 2 years in patients with confirmed disability progression. Furthermore, SDMT performance correlated with the EDSS change."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cohort Studies",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Memory Disorders",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Sclerosis",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Our findings indicate that verbal memory steadily declines in patients with MS from the beginning of the disease and independently of other parameters of disease activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does memory decline evolve independently of disease activity in MS?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The natural history of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its relationship with disease activity is not well known. In this study, we evaluate a prospective cohort of 44 MS patients who were followed every 3 months for 2 years. Cognitive evaluation was done at baseline and by the end of the study using the Brief Repeatable Battery-Neuropsychology. Clinical evaluation included assessment of new relapses and changes in disability (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) confirmed at 6 months.', 'We found that verbal memory performance deteriorates after 2 years in patients with MS. These changes were observed in stable and active patients both in terms of relapses and disability progression, even at the beginning of the disease, and in patients with or without cognitive impairment at study entry. Attention and executive functions measured with the symbol digit modality test (SDMT) declined after 2 years in patients with confirmed disability progression. Furthermore, SDMT performance correlated with the EDSS change.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,972 | Is serum CA-125 level after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant chemotherapy a useful prognostic factor for complete responders ' survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the serum CA-125 level for complete responders after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.",
"The clinical data of 123 complete responders after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer FIGO stages III and IV were collected between January 1997 and March 2007. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the serum CA-125 level after 6 cycles of the chemotherapy: group I (< 10 U/ml), group II (10-21 U/ml), and group III (> 21 U/ml). The effect of the serum CA-125 level on survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis.",
"The median progression-free survival was 26, 14, and 10 months, and the median overall survival was 105, 42, and 37 months in groups I, II, and III, respectively (p < 0.05). The lower serum CA-125 level and optimal debulking surgery were prognostic factors for improving survival (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"CA-125 Antigen",
"Carboplatin",
"Carcinoma",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Korea",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Paclitaxel",
"Prognosis",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Survival Analysis",
"Survival Rate",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The serum CA-125 level after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy may be a good prognostic factor for survival in complete responders after 6 cycles of chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum CA-125 level after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant chemotherapy a useful prognostic factor for complete responders ' survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the serum CA-125 level for complete responders after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.', 'The clinical data of 123 complete responders after 6 cycles of primary adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer FIGO stages III and IV were collected between January 1997 and March 2007. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the serum CA-125 level after 6 cycles of the chemotherapy: group I (< 10 U/ml), group II (10-21 U/ml), and group III (> 21 U/ml). The effect of the serum CA-125 level on survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis.', 'The median progression-free survival was 26, 14, and 10 months, and the median overall survival was 105, 42, and 37 months in groups I, II, and III, respectively (p < 0.05). The lower serum CA-125 level and optimal debulking surgery were prognostic factors for improving survival (p < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'CA-125 Antigen', 'Carboplatin', 'Carcinoma', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Paclitaxel', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,997 | Does chemokine receptor CCR7 expression correlate with lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical significance of chemokine receptor CCR7 expression in pancreatic ductal cancer was investigated.",
"Immunohistochemical staining of 89 pancreatic cancers treated macroscopically with curative resection without hematogenous metastases or peritoneal dissemination were analyzed in association with clinicopathological data.",
"The positivity of CCR7 in pancreatic cancer was 32.6% (29/89). A significant correlation was detected between CCR7-positive expression and lymph node metastasis. Patients with CCR7-positive tumors had significantly shorter survival times than those with CCR7-negative tumors (median, 12.8 vs. 21.9 months, respectively; p = 0.0039). CCR7 expression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.949; p = 0.0364) by multivariate survival analysis; however, it was not an indicator for any particular site of recurrence."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Receptors, CCR7",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | The survival impact of CCR7 expression on resectable pancreatic cancer may be associated with lymphatic spread. The results from the present study should foster further investigation of treatments using an inhibitor for the CCR7 protein to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chemokine receptor CCR7 expression correlate with lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The clinical significance of chemokine receptor CCR7 expression in pancreatic ductal cancer was investigated.', 'Immunohistochemical staining of 89 pancreatic cancers treated macroscopically with curative resection without hematogenous metastases or peritoneal dissemination were analyzed in association with clinicopathological data.', 'The positivity of CCR7 in pancreatic cancer was 32.6% (29/89). A significant correlation was detected between CCR7-positive expression and lymph node metastasis. Patients with CCR7-positive tumors had significantly shorter survival times than those with CCR7-negative tumors (median, 12.8 vs. 21.9 months, respectively; p = 0.0039). CCR7 expression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.949; p = 0.0364) by multivariate survival analysis; however, it was not an indicator for any particular site of recurrence.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, CCR7', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,999 | Does xIAP-associated factor 1 ( XAF1 ) suppress angiogenesis in mouse endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor gene, but its role in angiogenesis is unknown. We investigated whether XAF1 has any antiangiogenesis effect.",
"MS1 (a mouse endothelial cell line) was infected with an adenoviral vector ZD55-XAF1. Controls were uninfected or infected with ZD55-EGFP. Wound healing assay and tube formation assay were used to assess angiogenesis. Cell proliferation was detected by WST-1 assay, and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and APOPercentagetrade mark assays.",
"ZD55-XAF1 significantly upregulated XAF1, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of MS1 cells. Ectopic overexpression of XAF1 induced apoptosis in MS1 and also sensitized cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis. A significant decrease in the expression of Tie-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and c-Myc was observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Angiotensin I",
"Angiotensin II",
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"F-Box Proteins",
"Mice",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc",
"Receptor, TIE-1",
"Signal Transduction",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | Our data suggest that XAF1 possesses a potential antiangiogenesis effect. Suppressed expression of Tie-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and c-Myc may be mechanistically responsible for the observed antiangiogenesis effect. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does xIAP-associated factor 1 ( XAF1 ) suppress angiogenesis in mouse endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor gene, but its role in angiogenesis is unknown. We investigated whether XAF1 has any antiangiogenesis effect.', 'MS1 (a mouse endothelial cell line) was infected with an adenoviral vector ZD55-XAF1. Controls were uninfected or infected with ZD55-EGFP. Wound healing assay and tube formation assay were used to assess angiogenesis. Cell proliferation was detected by WST-1 assay, and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and APOPercentagetrade mark assays.', 'ZD55-XAF1 significantly upregulated XAF1, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of MS1 cells. Ectopic overexpression of XAF1 induced apoptosis in MS1 and also sensitized cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis. A significant decrease in the expression of Tie-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and c-Myc was observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'F-Box Proteins', 'Mice', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Receptor, TIE-1', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,573,415 | Does age at repair affect the very long-term outcome of sinus venosus defect? | {
"contexts": [
"Records of patients who had repair of sinus venosus defect (SVD) between 1970 and 2008 were reviewed to predict very long-term outcome.",
"Repairs occurred in 104 consecutive patients (51 men), aged 29 +/- 23 years (range, 1 to 70 years). Seven had isolated SVD and 97 had associated lesions that required concomitant operations. Five patients had preoperative arrhythmias; 24 (23%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III to V. Single-patch repair was done in 91 patients, caval translocation (Warden) in 7, and double-patch in 6.",
"Ten late deaths during 38 years of follow-up (mean, 15 +/- 20 years). Survival was 97% +/- 2% and 79% +/- 7% at 10 and 30 years. Thirty-one (29%) long-term survivors experienced 47 complications, including chronic/recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in 28, heart failure in 5, permanent pacing in 8, cerebrovascular accident in 3, and unrelated cardiac reoperation in 3. At 30 years, freedom from adverse cardiac events was 47% +/- 9%, from supraventricular tachycardia, 50% +/- 9%; from permanent pacing, 83 +/- 6%; and from cerebrovascular accident, 96% +/- 2%. Follow-up age was 42 +/- 23 years (range, 5 to 82 years); 74 patients (79%) were in NYHA class I, and 15 and 5 were in class II and III to IV, respectively. Baseline cardiac rhythm was sinus in 75 patients (84%), atrial fibrillation in 11 (12%), and paced in 8. Nine patients had moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension, and 8 had left ventricular dysfunction. Only older age at operation was associated with lower survival (p = 0.003), freedom from cardiac events (p = 0.001), supraventricular tachycardia (p = 0.009), and permanent pacing (p = 0.002). Repair before age 20 was associated with lower NYHA class at follow-up (p = 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Cause of Death",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Heart Atria",
"Heart Septal Defects, Atrial",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Italy",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Probability",
"Prognosis",
"Pulmonary Veins",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Survival Analysis",
"Thoracotomy",
"Vena Cava, Superior"
]
} | SVD repair at an older age is associated with increased risk of late mortality, adverse cardiac events, and worse functional outcome. Repair during childhood is strongly advised. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does age at repair affect the very long-term outcome of sinus venosus defect?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Records of patients who had repair of sinus venosus defect (SVD) between 1970 and 2008 were reviewed to predict very long-term outcome.', 'Repairs occurred in 104 consecutive patients (51 men), aged 29 +/- 23 years (range, 1 to 70 years). Seven had isolated SVD and 97 had associated lesions that required concomitant operations. Five patients had preoperative arrhythmias; 24 (23%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III to V. Single-patch repair was done in 91 patients, caval translocation (Warden) in 7, and double-patch in 6.', 'Ten late deaths during 38 years of follow-up (mean, 15 +/- 20 years). Survival was 97% +/- 2% and 79% +/- 7% at 10 and 30 years. Thirty-one (29%) long-term survivors experienced 47 complications, including chronic/recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in 28, heart failure in 5, permanent pacing in 8, cerebrovascular accident in 3, and unrelated cardiac reoperation in 3. At 30 years, freedom from adverse cardiac events was 47% +/- 9%, from supraventricular tachycardia, 50% +/- 9%; from permanent pacing, 83 +/- 6%; and from cerebrovascular accident, 96% +/- 2%. Follow-up age was 42 +/- 23 years (range, 5 to 82 years); 74 patients (79%) were in NYHA class I, and 15 and 5 were in class II and III to IV, respectively. Baseline cardiac rhythm was sinus in 75 patients (84%), atrial fibrillation in 11 (12%), and paced in 8. Nine patients had moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension, and 8 had left ventricular dysfunction. Only older age at operation was associated with lower survival (p = 0.003), freedom from cardiac events (p = 0.001), supraventricular tachycardia (p = 0.009), and permanent pacing (p = 0.002). Repair before age 20 was associated with lower NYHA class at follow-up (p = 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Italy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Pulmonary Veins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thoracotomy', 'Vena Cava, Superior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,560,789 | Is dietary magnesium intake related to metabolic syndrome in older Americans? | {
"contexts": [
"Magnesium (Mg) is an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in glucose and insulin metabolism. Low intakes of dietary magnesium may be linked to greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in older adults.",
"The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between dietary Mg intake, metabolic risk factors and MS in elderly adults.",
"This study was conducted in a sample of 535 (179 men and 356 women) community-living adults aged 60 years and in Boston Massachusetts between the years 1981 and 1984. Dietary Mg intake was assessed by a 3-day food record and categorized by quartiles of dietary intake. The MS was defined based on criteria set by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program except that body mass index was used in place of waist circumference. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between quartile categories of Mg intake, prevalence of MS and components of the MS. Models were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, race, educational attainment, marital status, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise, energy intake, percentage of calories from saturated fat, use of antihypertensive or lipid medication.",
"Mg intake was inversely associated with the MS; those with the highest intake of Mg had significantly lower risk of having MS compared to the lowest quartile of intake (OR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.69, P for trend 0.002). Significant inverse relationships were observed between Mg intake and BMI (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-1.00, P trend = 0.03), and fasting glucose (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.77, P trend = 0.005)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diet Records",
"Diet Surveys",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Magnesium",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Nutritional Requirements",
"Nutritional Status",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Our study demonstrates that Mg intake is inversely associated with prevalence of the MS in older adults. Older adults should be encouraged to eat foods rich in Mg, such as green vegetables, legumes and whole-grains. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is dietary magnesium intake related to metabolic syndrome in older Americans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Magnesium (Mg) is an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in glucose and insulin metabolism. Low intakes of dietary magnesium may be linked to greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in older adults.', 'The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between dietary Mg intake, metabolic risk factors and MS in elderly adults.', 'This study was conducted in a sample of 535 (179 men and 356 women) community-living adults aged 60 years and in Boston Massachusetts between the years 1981 and 1984. Dietary Mg intake was assessed by a 3-day food record and categorized by quartiles of dietary intake. The MS was defined based on criteria set by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program except that body mass index was used in place of waist circumference. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between quartile categories of Mg intake, prevalence of MS and components of the MS. Models were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, race, educational attainment, marital status, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise, energy intake, percentage of calories from saturated fat, use of antihypertensive or lipid medication.', 'Mg intake was inversely associated with the MS; those with the highest intake of Mg had significantly lower risk of having MS compared to the lowest quartile of intake (OR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.69, P for trend 0.002). Significant inverse relationships were observed between Mg intake and BMI (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-1.00, P trend = 0.03), and fasting glucose (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.77, P trend = 0.005).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aging', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet Records', 'Diet Surveys', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Magnesium', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Nutritional Status', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,560,516 | Does cellular islet autoimmunity associate with clinical outcome of islet cell transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Islet cell transplantation can cure type 1 diabetes (T1D), but only a minority of recipients remains insulin-independent in the following years. We tested the hypothesis that allograft rejection and recurrent autoimmunity contribute to this progressive loss of islet allograft function.",
"Twenty-one T1D patients received cultured islet cell grafts prepared from multiple donors and transplanted under anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) maintenance immunosuppression. Immunity against auto- and alloantigens was measured before and during one year after transplantation. Cellular auto- and alloreactivity was assessed by lymphocyte stimulation tests against autoantigens and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor assays, respectively. Humoral reactivity was measured by auto- and alloantibodies. Clinical outcome parameters--including time until insulin independence, insulin independence at one year, and C-peptide levels over one year--remained blinded until their correlation with immunological parameters. All patients showed significant improvement of metabolic control and 13 out of 21 became insulin-independent. Multivariate analyses showed that presence of cellular autoimmunity before and after transplantation is associated with delayed insulin-independence (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and lower circulating C-peptide levels during the first year after transplantation (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). Seven out of eight patients without pre-existent T-cell autoreactivity became insulin-independent, versus none of the four patients reactive to both islet autoantigens GAD and IA-2 before transplantation. Autoantibody levels and cellular alloreactivity had no significant association with outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Autoantibodies",
"Autoimmunity",
"Humans",
"Islets of Langerhans",
"Islets of Langerhans Transplantation",
"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | In this cohort study, cellular islet-specific autoimmunity associates with clinical outcome of islet cell transplantation under ATG-tacrolimus-MMF immunosuppression. Tailored immunotherapy targeting cellular islet autoreactivity may be required. Monitoring cellular immune reactivity can be useful to identify factors influencing graft survival and to assess efficacy of immunosuppression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cellular islet autoimmunity associate with clinical outcome of islet cell transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Islet cell transplantation can cure type 1 diabetes (T1D), but only a minority of recipients remains insulin-independent in the following years. We tested the hypothesis that allograft rejection and recurrent autoimmunity contribute to this progressive loss of islet allograft function.', 'Twenty-one T1D patients received cultured islet cell grafts prepared from multiple donors and transplanted under anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) maintenance immunosuppression. Immunity against auto- and alloantigens was measured before and during one year after transplantation. Cellular auto- and alloreactivity was assessed by lymphocyte stimulation tests against autoantigens and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor assays, respectively. Humoral reactivity was measured by auto- and alloantibodies. Clinical outcome parameters--including time until insulin independence, insulin independence at one year, and C-peptide levels over one year--remained blinded until their correlation with immunological parameters. All patients showed significant improvement of metabolic control and 13 out of 21 became insulin-independent. Multivariate analyses showed that presence of cellular autoimmunity before and after transplantation is associated with delayed insulin-independence (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and lower circulating C-peptide levels during the first year after transplantation (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). Seven out of eight patients without pre-existent T-cell autoreactivity became insulin-independent, versus none of the four patients reactive to both islet autoantigens GAD and IA-2 before transplantation. Autoantibody levels and cellular alloreactivity had no significant association with outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Autoantibodies', 'Autoimmunity', 'Humans', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,131 | Does thrombin induce osteoprotegerin synthesis via phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in human periodontal ligament cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Thrombin influences the biological behavior of periodontal ligament cells and plays multiple roles in the early stages of bone healing. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of the key molecules that regulate bone homeostasis and prevent osteoclastogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of thrombin on OPG synthesis in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in vitro.",
"Cells were treated with various concentrations (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 U/mL) of thrombin. The mRNA expression and protein synthesis of OPG, as well as of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. The influence of thrombin on OPG synthesis and its signaling pathway were investigated using inhibitors.",
"Thrombin profoundly induces protein synthesis of OPG at 0.1 U/mL. The inductive effect was inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by indomethacin. The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, exerted an inhibitory effect on the thrombin-induced OPG synthesis. In addition, the effect was inhibited by protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist. Activation of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) was observed and the effect was abolished by LY294002."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cycloheximide",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Osteoprotegerin",
"Periodontal Ligament",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Protein Kinases",
"Protein Synthesis Inhibitors",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"RANK Ligand",
"Receptor, PAR-1",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sirolimus",
"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Thrombin"
]
} | Thrombin induces OPG synthesis in HPDL cells post-transcriptionally, possibly through PAR-1. The regulation was through the PI3K/Akt and mTOR pathway. This finding suggests that thrombin may play a significant role in alveolar bone repair and homeostasis of periodontal tissue, partly through the OPG/RANKL system. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does thrombin induce osteoprotegerin synthesis via phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in human periodontal ligament cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thrombin influences the biological behavior of periodontal ligament cells and plays multiple roles in the early stages of bone healing. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of the key molecules that regulate bone homeostasis and prevent osteoclastogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of thrombin on OPG synthesis in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in vitro.', 'Cells were treated with various concentrations (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 U/mL) of thrombin. The mRNA expression and protein synthesis of OPG, as well as of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. The influence of thrombin on OPG synthesis and its signaling pathway were investigated using inhibitors.', \"Thrombin profoundly induces protein synthesis of OPG at 0.1 U/mL. The inductive effect was inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by indomethacin. The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, exerted an inhibitory effect on the thrombin-induced OPG synthesis. In addition, the effect was inhibited by protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist. Activation of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) was observed and the effect was abolished by LY294002.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cycloheximide', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'Periodontal Ligament', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'RANK Ligand', 'Receptor, PAR-1', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sirolimus', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Thrombin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,398 | Does whole genome assessment of the retinal response to diabetes reveal a progressive neurovascular inflammatory response? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite advances in the understanding of diabetic retinopathy, the nature and time course of molecular changes in the retina with diabetes are incompletely described. This study characterized the functional and molecular phenotype of the retina with increasing durations of diabetes.",
"Using the streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes, levels of retinal permeability, caspase activity, and gene expression were examined after 1 and 3 months of diabetes. Gene expression changes were identified by whole genome microarray and confirmed by qPCR in the same set of animals as used in the microarray analyses and subsequently validated in independent sets of animals. Increased levels of vascular permeability and caspase-3 activity were observed at 3 months of diabetes, but not 1 month. Significantly more and larger magnitude gene expression changes were observed after 3 months than after 1 month of diabetes. Quantitative PCR validation of selected genes related to inflammation, microvasculature and neuronal function confirmed gene expression changes in multiple independent sets of animals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | These changes in permeability, apoptosis, and gene expression provide further evidence of progressive retinal malfunction with increasing duration of diabetes. The specific gene expression changes confirmed in multiple sets of animals indicate that pro-inflammatory, anti-vascular barrier, and neurodegenerative changes occur in tandem with functional increases in apoptosis and vascular permeability. These responses are shared with the clinically documented inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy suggesting that this model may be used to test anti-inflammatory therapeutics. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does whole genome assessment of the retinal response to diabetes reveal a progressive neurovascular inflammatory response?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite advances in the understanding of diabetic retinopathy, the nature and time course of molecular changes in the retina with diabetes are incompletely described. This study characterized the functional and molecular phenotype of the retina with increasing durations of diabetes.', 'Using the streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes, levels of retinal permeability, caspase activity, and gene expression were examined after 1 and 3 months of diabetes. Gene expression changes were identified by whole genome microarray and confirmed by qPCR in the same set of animals as used in the microarray analyses and subsequently validated in independent sets of animals. Increased levels of vascular permeability and caspase-3 activity were observed at 3 months of diabetes, but not 1 month. Significantly more and larger magnitude gene expression changes were observed after 3 months than after 1 month of diabetes. Quantitative PCR validation of selected genes related to inflammation, microvasculature and neuronal function confirmed gene expression changes in multiple independent sets of animals.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,872 | Does a luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) can be the basis for a more rapid, specific, and standardized assay for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.",
"A LIPS assay was developed based on immunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgG4 antibody to a recombinant Strongyloides antigen (NIE) and was compared with an NIE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A second antigen, S. stercoralis immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), was tested alone and in combination with NIE. The assays were tested using serum samples from patients with parasitologically proven S. stercoralis or filarial infections and from healthy, uninfected control subjects.",
"The NIE LIPS assay based on IgG antibody easily differentiated between S. stercoralis-infected and uninfected patients (P< .0001) and demonstrated improved specificity compared with the NIE ELISA (100% vs. 95%). Serum from filaria-infected patients did not cross-react when tested with the NIE LIPS assay. When SsIR was used in combination with NIE in the LIPS format, sensitivity and specificity improved to 100%, with a 7-fold difference between positive and negative values. No advantage was found in using a LIPS assay based on IgG4. At posttreatment follow-up, a significant decline in antibody titers was detected using the NIE ELISA (P< .0017) and the NIE LIPS assay (P< .0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Helminth",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Filariasis",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Luciferases",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Strongyloides stercoralis",
"Strongyloidiasis"
]
} | LIPS addresses several limitations of current ELISAs and represents a major advance in the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) can be the basis for a more rapid, specific, and standardized assay for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.', 'A LIPS assay was developed based on immunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgG4 antibody to a recombinant Strongyloides antigen (NIE) and was compared with an NIE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A second antigen, S. stercoralis immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), was tested alone and in combination with NIE. The assays were tested using serum samples from patients with parasitologically proven S. stercoralis or filarial infections and from healthy, uninfected control subjects.', 'The NIE LIPS assay based on IgG antibody easily differentiated between S. stercoralis-infected and uninfected patients (P< .0001) and demonstrated improved specificity compared with the NIE ELISA (100% vs. 95%). Serum from filaria-infected patients did not cross-react when tested with the NIE LIPS assay. When SsIR was used in combination with NIE in the LIPS format, sensitivity and specificity improved to 100%, with a 7-fold difference between positive and negative values. No advantage was found in using a LIPS assay based on IgG4. At posttreatment follow-up, a significant decline in antibody titers was detected using the NIE ELISA (P< .0017) and the NIE LIPS assay (P< .0001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Filariasis', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Luciferases', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Strongyloides stercoralis', 'Strongyloidiasis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,513 | Do de novo LMNA mutations cause a new form of congenital muscular dystrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe a new entity of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by de novo LMNA mutations.",
"Fifteen patients presenting with a myopathy of onset in the first year of life were subjected to neurological and genetic evaluation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for all patients.",
"The 15 patients presented with muscle weakness in the first year of life, and all had de novo heterozygous LMNA mutations. Three of them had severe early-onset disease, no motor development, and the rest experienced development of a \"dropped head\" syndrome phenotype. Despite variable severity, there was a consistent clinical pattern. Patients typically presented with selective axial weakness and wasting of the cervicoaxial muscles. Limb involvement was predominantly proximal in upper extremities and distal in lower extremities. Talipes feet and a rigid spine with thoracic lordosis developed early. Proximal contractures appeared later, most often in lower limbs, sparing the elbows. Ten children required ventilatory support, three continuously through tracheotomy. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in four of the oldest patients but were symptomatic only in one. Creatine kinase levels were mild to moderately increased. Muscle biopsies showed dystrophic changes in nine children and nonspecific myopathic changes in the remaining. Markedly atrophic fibers were common, most often type 1, and a few patients showed positive inflammatory markers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Genetic Markers",
"Humans",
"Lamin Type A",
"Male",
"Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle",
"Mutation"
]
} | The LMNA mutations identified appear to correlate with a relatively severe phenotype. Our results further broaden the spectrum of laminopathies and define a new disease entity that we suggest is best classified as a congenital muscular dystrophy (LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy, or L-CMD). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do de novo LMNA mutations cause a new form of congenital muscular dystrophy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe a new entity of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by de novo LMNA mutations.', 'Fifteen patients presenting with a myopathy of onset in the first year of life were subjected to neurological and genetic evaluation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for all patients.', 'The 15 patients presented with muscle weakness in the first year of life, and all had de novo heterozygous LMNA mutations. Three of them had severe early-onset disease, no motor development, and the rest experienced development of a \"dropped head\" syndrome phenotype. Despite variable severity, there was a consistent clinical pattern. Patients typically presented with selective axial weakness and wasting of the cervicoaxial muscles. Limb involvement was predominantly proximal in upper extremities and distal in lower extremities. Talipes feet and a rigid spine with thoracic lordosis developed early. Proximal contractures appeared later, most often in lower limbs, sparing the elbows. Ten children required ventilatory support, three continuously through tracheotomy. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in four of the oldest patients but were symptomatic only in one. Creatine kinase levels were mild to moderately increased. Muscle biopsies showed dystrophic changes in nine children and nonspecific myopathic changes in the remaining. Markedly atrophic fibers were common, most often type 1, and a few patients showed positive inflammatory markers.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Lamin Type A', 'Male', 'Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle', 'Mutation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,226 | Does response to bronchodilators after exercise challenge predict bronchial hyperreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Some subjects with suspected asthma and a negative exercise challenge test (ECT) demonstrate improved expiratory flow rates after administration of bronchodilators (BD) at the end of the ECT (unpublished observation). This study investigated whether this response predicts the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR).",
"The study population included 133 young adults (29.4% women) 21.1 +/- 4.2 years of age who underwent ECT and a methacholine challenge test (MCT). A receiver-operator-characteristic curve was used to calculate the optimal cutoff level of the response to BD as a predictor of BHR according to MCT.",
"Using a MCT cutoff level of PC(20) </= 4 mg/mL showed BHR in 12.8% of subjects. Failure to improve FEV(1) by 8% after BD administration predicted the absence of BHR with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 76.5%, 68.4%, 25.3%, and 95.5%, respectively. Avoiding MCT in subjects with less than 8% response to BD would have saved 62.5% of the MCTs and would have missed only four (3%) patients with BHR."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Albuterol",
"Bayes Theorem",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchial Provocation Tests",
"Bronchodilator Agents",
"Cohort Studies",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Forced Expiratory Volume",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Probability",
"ROC Curve",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Spirometry"
]
} | BD should be administered routinely after ECT, as the response may be used as a simple, inexpensive tool to predict BHR in young patients and may substantially reduce the number of unnecessary MCTs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does response to bronchodilators after exercise challenge predict bronchial hyperreactivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Some subjects with suspected asthma and a negative exercise challenge test (ECT) demonstrate improved expiratory flow rates after administration of bronchodilators (BD) at the end of the ECT (unpublished observation). This study investigated whether this response predicts the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR).', 'The study population included 133 young adults (29.4% women) 21.1 +/- 4.2 years of age who underwent ECT and a methacholine challenge test (MCT). A receiver-operator-characteristic curve was used to calculate the optimal cutoff level of the response to BD as a predictor of BHR according to MCT.', 'Using a MCT cutoff level of PC(20) </= 4 mg/mL showed BHR in 12.8% of subjects. Failure to improve FEV(1) by 8% after BD administration predicted the absence of BHR with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 76.5%, 68.4%, 25.3%, and 95.5%, respectively. Avoiding MCT in subjects with less than 8% response to BD would have saved 62.5% of the MCTs and would have missed only four (3%) patients with BHR.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Albuterol', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Cohort Studies', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Probability', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spirometry']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,941 | Is hepatitis B core-related antigen assay useful for monitoring the antiviral effects of nucleoside analogue therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical significance of the hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg) assay in monitoring the antiviral effects of lamivudine is reviewed.",
"The HBcrAg assay simultaneously measured serum levels of hepatitis B core (HBc) and e (HBe) antigens using monoclonal antibodies which recognize common epitopes of these two denatured antigens.",
"Although serum HBcrAg levels correlated linearly with those of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in natural course, the decrease in HBcrAg was significantly slower than in HBV DNA after initiation of lamivudine administration. We analyzed the clinical significance of HBV DNA and HBcrAg levels to predict the occurrence of lamivudine resistance. HBV DNA measurement may be useful to identify patients who are at high risk of developing lamivudine resistance, and HBcrAg measurement may help to detect patients who are at low risk of drug resistance. The measurement of HBcrAg was also found to be a useful prognosticator for reactivation of hepatitis after cessation of lamivudine administration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The HBcrAg assay is indeed useful for monitoring the antiviral effects of lamivudine, and we propose that it be adopted as a serum marker which reflects the amount of HBV covalently closed circular DNA in hepatocytes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hepatitis B core-related antigen assay useful for monitoring the antiviral effects of nucleoside analogue therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The clinical significance of the hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg) assay in monitoring the antiviral effects of lamivudine is reviewed.', 'The HBcrAg assay simultaneously measured serum levels of hepatitis B core (HBc) and e (HBe) antigens using monoclonal antibodies which recognize common epitopes of these two denatured antigens.', 'Although serum HBcrAg levels correlated linearly with those of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in natural course, the decrease in HBcrAg was significantly slower than in HBV DNA after initiation of lamivudine administration. We analyzed the clinical significance of HBV DNA and HBcrAg levels to predict the occurrence of lamivudine resistance. HBV DNA measurement may be useful to identify patients who are at high risk of developing lamivudine resistance, and HBcrAg measurement may help to detect patients who are at low risk of drug resistance. The measurement of HBcrAg was also found to be a useful prognosticator for reactivation of hepatitis after cessation of lamivudine administration.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,076 | Is uVA1 phototherapy effective in darker skin : a review of 101 patients of Fitzpatrick skin types I-V? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies suggest ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy is efficacious and safe in treating a variety of skin disorders. However, most reports evaluating the benefits of UVA1 phototherapy have been from Europe, focusing on a predominantly Caucasian population. Darker skin types have been evaluated only sparingly; none the less, it is widely held that these patients respond poorly to UVA1 phototherapy due to increased pigmentation.",
"We aim to compare efficacy (clinical improvement scores) of UVA1 phototherapy among Fitzpatrick skin types.",
"A retrospective analysis of 101 patients receiving UVA1 treatment at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX was performed. Data on Fitzpatrick skin type and cumulative UVA1 doses were collected. Clinical improvement scores based on body surface area, erythema, induration, sclerosis, pigmentation, and symptoms of pain or pruritus were obtained.",
"In the population studied, with morphoea and scleroderma being the most frequent diagnoses, improvement scores from UVA1 phototherapy and mean cumulative UVA1 doses were not significantly different among the Fitzpatrick skin types evaluated. Furthermore, little or no correlation was found between improvement score and skin type."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"African Americans",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Scleroderma, Localized",
"Scleroderma, Systemic",
"Skin Diseases",
"Skin Pigmentation",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ultraviolet Therapy"
]
} | Data indicate skin pigmentation as graded by Fitzpatrick skin type does not significantly influence the efficacy of UVA1 phototherapy. Thus, UVA1 should be considered as a therapeutic option in more darkly pigmented patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is uVA1 phototherapy effective in darker skin : a review of 101 patients of Fitzpatrick skin types I-V?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Studies suggest ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy is efficacious and safe in treating a variety of skin disorders. However, most reports evaluating the benefits of UVA1 phototherapy have been from Europe, focusing on a predominantly Caucasian population. Darker skin types have been evaluated only sparingly; none the less, it is widely held that these patients respond poorly to UVA1 phototherapy due to increased pigmentation.', 'We aim to compare efficacy (clinical improvement scores) of UVA1 phototherapy among Fitzpatrick skin types.', 'A retrospective analysis of 101 patients receiving UVA1 treatment at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX was performed. Data on Fitzpatrick skin type and cumulative UVA1 doses were collected. Clinical improvement scores based on body surface area, erythema, induration, sclerosis, pigmentation, and symptoms of pain or pruritus were obtained.', 'In the population studied, with morphoea and scleroderma being the most frequent diagnoses, improvement scores from UVA1 phototherapy and mean cumulative UVA1 doses were not significantly different among the Fitzpatrick skin types evaluated. Furthermore, little or no correlation was found between improvement score and skin type.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scleroderma, Localized', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Skin Diseases', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultraviolet Therapy']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,467 | Is husbands ' SUD associated with higher levels of co-occurring but not non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders among their wives? | {
"contexts": [
"Substance use among husbands has been shown to be associated with higher rates of substance use and of psychiatric symptoms among their wives. However, substance use disorders (SUD) and psychiatric disorders (as opposed to substance use or psychiatric symptoms) are rarely rigorously assessed among large samples of couples, so it is unclear whether SUD among husbands are associated with SUD among their wives, and whether the wives also display a higher prevalence of co-occurring or non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders. We compared the level of SUD, of co-occurring (with SUD) psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses among the wives of males with SUDs vs among the wives of males without SUDs. We hypothesized that the presence of SUDs among males would be associated with a higher level of SUDs, of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders in their wives.",
"The subjects in this study were the spouses of adult men with a lifetime history of an SUD (SUD+ husbands, N=342) vs those with no lifetime history of an SUD (SUD- husbands, N=350). These subjects were recruited for participation in a longitudinal project designed to elucidate the etiology of substance use disorders.",
"Co-occurring SUDs were five times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (10.2% vs 2.0%, chi-square=19.7, p=0.000). SUD/depressive disorder and SUD/anxiety disorder were both seven times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (19.4% vs 4.7%, chi-square=45.8, p=0.000; 14.3% vs 2.0%, chi-square=34.5, p=0.000). In contrast, non-co-occurring depressive disorders and non-co-occurring anxiety disorders were not more common among the wives of the SUD+ husbands than among the SUD- husbands."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anxiety Disorders",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Prevalence",
"Spouses"
]
} | These findings demonstrate that SUD and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (with SUD) are more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands, but non-co-occurring ("pure") psychiatric disorders are not more common among the spouses of the SUD+ husbands. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is husbands ' SUD associated with higher levels of co-occurring but not non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders among their wives?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Substance use among husbands has been shown to be associated with higher rates of substance use and of psychiatric symptoms among their wives. However, substance use disorders (SUD) and psychiatric disorders (as opposed to substance use or psychiatric symptoms) are rarely rigorously assessed among large samples of couples, so it is unclear whether SUD among husbands are associated with SUD among their wives, and whether the wives also display a higher prevalence of co-occurring or non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders. We compared the level of SUD, of co-occurring (with SUD) psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses among the wives of males with SUDs vs among the wives of males without SUDs. We hypothesized that the presence of SUDs among males would be associated with a higher level of SUDs, of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders in their wives.', 'The subjects in this study were the spouses of adult men with a lifetime history of an SUD (SUD+ husbands, N=342) vs those with no lifetime history of an SUD (SUD- husbands, N=350). These subjects were recruited for participation in a longitudinal project designed to elucidate the etiology of substance use disorders.', 'Co-occurring SUDs were five times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (10.2% vs 2.0%, chi-square=19.7, p=0.000). SUD/depressive disorder and SUD/anxiety disorder were both seven times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (19.4% vs 4.7%, chi-square=45.8, p=0.000; 14.3% vs 2.0%, chi-square=34.5, p=0.000). In contrast, non-co-occurring depressive disorders and non-co-occurring anxiety disorders were not more common among the wives of the SUD+ husbands than among the SUD- husbands.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Prevalence', 'Spouses']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,555,231 | Do submucosal uterine leiomyomas have a global effect on molecular determinants of endometrial receptivity? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of uterine leiomyomas on the endometrium using molecular markers of endometrial receptivity: HOXA10, HOXA11, LIF, and BTEB1.",
"Case-control study.",
"University medical center.",
"Thirty reproductive-aged women with submucosal, intramural, or no uterine myomas who underwent hysteroscopy or hysterectomy.",
"Proliferative phase endometrial sampling was performed at the time of surgery. In uteri with a submucosal myoma, directed endometrial biopsies were obtained over the myoma and over normal myometrium.",
"Endometrial HOXA10 expression was evaluated as a primary endpoint using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. HOXA11, BTEB1, and LIF were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR.",
"Endometrial HOXA10 and HOXA11 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were significantly decreased in uteri with submucosal myomas compared with controls and with uteri with intramural myomas. A similar trend was seen in BTEB1 mRNA expression; however, no difference was found in LIF mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry localized the decrease in endometrial HOXA10 protein expression to stroma. In the presence of a submucosal myoma, there were no regional differences in gene expression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Embryo Implantation",
"Endometrium",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Homeodomain Proteins",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors",
"Leiomyoma",
"Leukemia Inhibitory Factor",
"Middle Aged",
"Mucous Membrane",
"Prognosis",
"Uterine Neoplasms"
]
} | The molecular mechanism by which submucosal myomas adversely affect reproduction includes a global decrease in endometrial HOX gene expression, not simply a focal change over the myoma. This may explain the reproductive dysfunction observed with submucosal myomas. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do submucosal uterine leiomyomas have a global effect on molecular determinants of endometrial receptivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the effect of uterine leiomyomas on the endometrium using molecular markers of endometrial receptivity: HOXA10, HOXA11, LIF, and BTEB1.', 'Case-control study.', 'University medical center.', 'Thirty reproductive-aged women with submucosal, intramural, or no uterine myomas who underwent hysteroscopy or hysterectomy.', 'Proliferative phase endometrial sampling was performed at the time of surgery. In uteri with a submucosal myoma, directed endometrial biopsies were obtained over the myoma and over normal myometrium.', 'Endometrial HOXA10 expression was evaluated as a primary endpoint using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. HOXA11, BTEB1, and LIF were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR.', 'Endometrial HOXA10 and HOXA11 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were significantly decreased in uteri with submucosal myomas compared with controls and with uteri with intramural myomas. A similar trend was seen in BTEB1 mRNA expression; however, no difference was found in LIF mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry localized the decrease in endometrial HOXA10 protein expression to stroma. In the presence of a submucosal myoma, there were no regional differences in gene expression.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors', 'Leiomyoma', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Prognosis', 'Uterine Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,555,233 | Is sperm head morphology related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between sperm strict morphology and sperm chromatin integrity.",
"Prospective study.",
"Infertility clinic.",
"Eighty-seven consecutive semen samples from non-azoospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation and 6 samples from fertile donors.",
"Assessment of standard semen parameters and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters (%DFI [DNA fragmentation index] and %HDS [high DNA stainability]). Evaluation of %HDS and %DFI after treatment with dithiothreitol (a thiol-reducing agent used to decondense sperm nuclei) was also undertaken.",
"Relationship between sperm strict morphology defects and SCSA parameters (%DFI and %HDS).",
"We observed significant relationships between the percentage of normal sperm forms and both %HDS (r = -0.40) and sperm motility (r = 0.32). We also found significant relationships between sperm head defects and both %HDS (r = 0.40) and sperm concentration (r = -0.39). Sperm tail, midpiece, and neck defects were not significantly related to the SCSA parameters. Treatment of spermatozoa with dithiothreitol (to induce decondensation) resulted in a substantial increase in %HDS but no measurable change in %DFI."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthenozoospermia",
"Azoospermia",
"Chromatin",
"DNA",
"DNA Damage",
"Dithiothreitol",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Male",
"Male",
"Oligospermia",
"Reference Values",
"Semen",
"Sperm Count",
"Sperm Head",
"Sperm Motility",
"Spermatozoa"
]
} | The observed relationship between sperm head defects and %HDS suggests that sperm head abnormalities may, in part, be due to incomplete sperm chromatin condensation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sperm head morphology related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the relationship between sperm strict morphology and sperm chromatin integrity.', 'Prospective study.', 'Infertility clinic.', 'Eighty-seven consecutive semen samples from non-azoospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation and 6 samples from fertile donors.', 'Assessment of standard semen parameters and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters (%DFI [DNA fragmentation index] and %HDS [high DNA stainability]). Evaluation of %HDS and %DFI after treatment with dithiothreitol (a thiol-reducing agent used to decondense sperm nuclei) was also undertaken.', 'Relationship between sperm strict morphology defects and SCSA parameters (%DFI and %HDS).', 'We observed significant relationships between the percentage of normal sperm forms and both %HDS (r = -0.40) and sperm motility (r = 0.32). We also found significant relationships between sperm head defects and both %HDS (r = 0.40) and sperm concentration (r = -0.39). Sperm tail, midpiece, and neck defects were not significantly related to the SCSA parameters. Treatment of spermatozoa with dithiothreitol (to induce decondensation) resulted in a substantial increase in %HDS but no measurable change in %DFI.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthenozoospermia', 'Azoospermia', 'Chromatin', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Dithiothreitol', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Oligospermia', 'Reference Values', 'Semen', 'Sperm Count', 'Sperm Head', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,571 | Does eUS accurately predict the need for therapeutic ERCP in patients with a low probability of biliary obstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of its inherent risks, ERCP should only be performed for purposes of treatment. EUS and MRCP have emerged as diagnostic alternatives before therapeutic ERCP.",
"Our purpose was to test the accuracy of EUS in predicting the need for therapeutic ERCP in low-risk patients.",
"Prospective, unblinded, single-center study.",
"Academic center of the University of Witten/Herdecke.",
"Fifty patients with clinical, laboratory, or transabdominal US findings suggestive of biliary obstruction were included.",
"After clinical assessment and US, all patients underwent EUS. If EUS was conclusive, either ERCP with sphincterotomy (EST) was performed or the patients were followed up for 1 year. If EUS was inconclusive, MRCP was performed, followed by ERCP or a 1-year follow-up. After each diagnostic step, the examiner decided whether any biliary conditon was present and whether therapeutic ERCP was necessary. The decicions were compared with the results of ERCP with EST or the outcome after the 1-year follow-up.",
"Accuracy of EUS in predicting the need for therapeutic ERCP.",
"Nine patients had ERCP with EST. The final assessment classified 2 of these interventions as having been unnecessary. EUS was conclusive in 49 cases. After EUS, the accuracy of the decision on the presence of a biliary condition increased from 82% to 96% and on the need for therapeutic ERCP from 86% to 96%."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde",
"Cholestasis",
"Endosonography",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Needs Assessment",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Single-center experience. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does eUS accurately predict the need for therapeutic ERCP in patients with a low probability of biliary obstruction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because of its inherent risks, ERCP should only be performed for purposes of treatment. EUS and MRCP have emerged as diagnostic alternatives before therapeutic ERCP.', 'Our purpose was to test the accuracy of EUS in predicting the need for therapeutic ERCP in low-risk patients.', 'Prospective, unblinded, single-center study.', 'Academic center of the University of Witten/Herdecke.', 'Fifty patients with clinical, laboratory, or transabdominal US findings suggestive of biliary obstruction were included.', 'After clinical assessment and US, all patients underwent EUS. If EUS was conclusive, either ERCP with sphincterotomy (EST) was performed or the patients were followed up for 1 year. If EUS was inconclusive, MRCP was performed, followed by ERCP or a 1-year follow-up. After each diagnostic step, the examiner decided whether any biliary conditon was present and whether therapeutic ERCP was necessary. The decicions were compared with the results of ERCP with EST or the outcome after the 1-year follow-up.', 'Accuracy of EUS in predicting the need for therapeutic ERCP.', 'Nine patients had ERCP with EST. The final assessment classified 2 of these interventions as having been unnecessary. EUS was conclusive in 49 cases. After EUS, the accuracy of the decision on the presence of a biliary condition increased from 82% to 96% and on the need for therapeutic ERCP from 86% to 96%.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde', 'Cholestasis', 'Endosonography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,126 | Is overweight associated with decreased cognitive functioning among school-age children and adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood overweight and obesity have increased substantially in the past two decades, raising concerns about their psychosocial and cognitive consequences. We examined the associations between academic performance (AP), cognitive functioning (CF), and increased BMI in a nationally representative sample of children.",
"Participants were 2,519 children aged 8-16 years, who completed a brief neuropsychological battery and measures of height and weight as a part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. Z-scores were calculated for each neuropsychological test, and poor performance was defined as z-score <2.",
"The association between BMI and AP was not significant after adjusting for parental/familial characteristics. However, the associations between CF remained significant after adjusting for parental/familial characteristic, sports participation, physical activity, hours spent watching TV, psychosocial development, blood pressure, and serum lipid profile. Z-scores on block design (a measure of visuospatial organization and general mental ability) among overweight children and children at risk of overweight were below those of normal-weight children by 0.22 (s.e. = 0.16) and 0.10 (s.e. = 0.10) unit, respectively (P for trend <0.05). The odds of poor performance on block design were 1.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.83) and 2.80 (1.16-6.75), respectively, among children at risk or overweight compared to normal-weight peers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Body Mass Index",
"Body Weight",
"Child",
"Cognition",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Motor Activity",
"Nutrition Surveys",
"Overweight",
"Psychology",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"United States"
]
} | Increased body weight is independently associated with decreased visuospatial organization and general mental ability among children. Future research is needed to determine the nature, persistence, and functional significance of this association. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is overweight associated with decreased cognitive functioning among school-age children and adolescents?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Childhood overweight and obesity have increased substantially in the past two decades, raising concerns about their psychosocial and cognitive consequences. We examined the associations between academic performance (AP), cognitive functioning (CF), and increased BMI in a nationally representative sample of children.', 'Participants were 2,519 children aged 8-16 years, who completed a brief neuropsychological battery and measures of height and weight as a part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. Z-scores were calculated for each neuropsychological test, and poor performance was defined as z-score <2.', 'The association between BMI and AP was not significant after adjusting for parental/familial characteristics. However, the associations between CF remained significant after adjusting for parental/familial characteristic, sports participation, physical activity, hours spent watching TV, psychosocial development, blood pressure, and serum lipid profile. Z-scores on block design (a measure of visuospatial organization and general mental ability) among overweight children and children at risk of overweight were below those of normal-weight children by 0.22 (s.e. = 0.16) and 0.10 (s.e. = 0.10) unit, respectively (P for trend <0.05). The odds of poor performance on block design were 1.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.83) and 2.80 (1.16-6.75), respectively, among children at risk or overweight compared to normal-weight peers.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Overweight', 'Psychology', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,545,701 | Is tDP-43 a common cause of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"TAR DNA binding protein, encoded by TARDBP, was shown to be a central component of ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-U) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, mutations in TARDBP have been linked to familial and sporadic ALS.",
"To further examine the frequency of mutations in TARDBP in sporadic ALS, 279 ALS cases and 806 neurologically normal control individuals of European descent were screened for sequence variants, copy number variants, genetic and haplotype association with disease. An additional 173 African samples from the Human Gene Diversity Panel were sequenced as this population had the highest likelihood of finding changes. No mutations were found in the ALS cases. Several genetic variants were identified in controls, which were considered as non-pathogenic changes. Furthermore, pathogenic structural variants were not observed in the cases and there was no genetic or haplotype association with disease status across the TARDBP locus."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis",
"Cohort Studies",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Genotype",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Likelihood Functions",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | Our data indicate that genetic variation in TARDBP is not a common cause of sporadic ALS in North American. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tDP-43 a common cause of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['TAR DNA binding protein, encoded by TARDBP, was shown to be a central component of ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-U) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, mutations in TARDBP have been linked to familial and sporadic ALS.', 'To further examine the frequency of mutations in TARDBP in sporadic ALS, 279 ALS cases and 806 neurologically normal control individuals of European descent were screened for sequence variants, copy number variants, genetic and haplotype association with disease. An additional 173 African samples from the Human Gene Diversity Panel were sequenced as this population had the highest likelihood of finding changes. No mutations were found in the ALS cases. Several genetic variants were identified in controls, which were considered as non-pathogenic changes. Furthermore, pathogenic structural variants were not observed in the cases and there was no genetic or haplotype association with disease status across the TARDBP locus.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Cohort Studies', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,545,705 | Do allogeneic lymphocytes persist and traffic in feral MHC-matched mauritian cynomolgus macaques? | {
"contexts": [
"Thus far, live attenuated SIV has been the most successful method for vaccinating macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge; however, it is not clear what mechanisms are responsible for this protection. Adoptive transfer studies in mice have been integral to understanding live attenuated vaccine protection in models like Friend virus. Previous adoptive transfers in primates have failed as transferred cells are typically cleared within hours after transfer.",
"Here we describe adoptive transfer studies in Mauritian origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a non-human primate model with limited MHC diversity. Cells transferred between unrelated MHC-matched macaques persist for at least fourteen days but are rejected within 36 hours in MHC-mismatched macaques. Cells trafficked from the blood to peripheral lymphoid tissues within 12 hours of transfer."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adoptive Transfer",
"Animals",
"Animals, Wild",
"Base Sequence",
"CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"DNA Primers",
"Haplotypes",
"Macaca fascicularis",
"Major Histocompatibility Complex",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Simian Immunodeficiency Virus"
]
} | MHC-matched MCM provide the first viable primate model for adoptive transfer studies. Because macaques infected with SIV are the best model for HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we can now directly study the correlates of protective immune responses to AIDS viruses. For example, plasma viral loads following pathogenic SIV challenge are reduced by several orders of magnitude in macaques previously immunized with attenuated SIV. Adoptive transfer of lymphocyte subpopulations from vaccinated donors into SIV-naïve animals may define the immune mechanisms responsible for protection and guide future vaccine development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do allogeneic lymphocytes persist and traffic in feral MHC-matched mauritian cynomolgus macaques?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thus far, live attenuated SIV has been the most successful method for vaccinating macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge; however, it is not clear what mechanisms are responsible for this protection. Adoptive transfer studies in mice have been integral to understanding live attenuated vaccine protection in models like Friend virus. Previous adoptive transfers in primates have failed as transferred cells are typically cleared within hours after transfer.', 'Here we describe adoptive transfer studies in Mauritian origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a non-human primate model with limited MHC diversity. Cells transferred between unrelated MHC-matched macaques persist for at least fourteen days but are rejected within 36 hours in MHC-mismatched macaques. Cells trafficked from the blood to peripheral lymphoid tissues within 12 hours of transfer.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Base Sequence', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'DNA Primers', 'Haplotypes', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Major Histocompatibility Complex', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,478,830 | Does a pacifier increase the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers? | {
"contexts": [
"To follow up a previous retrospective analysis in which we found the use of a pacifier to be a risk factor for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM).",
"In the present prospective study, the occurrence of AOM and the use of a pacifier were recorded in 845 children attending day care centers during a 15-month period.",
"More than three attacks of AOM occurred in 29.5% of the children younger than 2 years using pacifiers and in 20.6% of those not doing so (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6, 4.1); in children 2 to 3 years of age, the figures were 30.6% and 13.2%, respectively (relative risk, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2, 7.3). Logistic modeling with adjustment for age and the duration of monitoring showed the occurrence of AOM to be associated with the time during which a pacifier was used. The use of a pacifier increased the annual incidence of AOM from 3.6 (95% CI, 2.5, 4.9) to 5.4 episodes (4.4, 6.6) in children younger than 2 years and from 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) to 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in children 2 to 3 years of age. The population-attributable risk of AOM attacks due to the use of a pacifier was 176 attacks, ie, 459 to 635 attacks per year, in the youngest children and 69 attacks, ie, from 264 to 333 attacks per year, in those 2 to 3 years of age. It can be calculated that the use of a pacifier was responsible for 25% of the attacks in children younger than 3 years. Breastfeeding, parental smoking, thumb sucking, using a nursing bottle, and the social class of the family failed to show such strong associations with the occurrence of AOM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Child",
"Child Day Care Centers",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Finland",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Infant",
"Infant Care",
"Male",
"Otitis Media",
"Prospective Studies",
"Recurrence",
"Risk Factors",
"Social Class"
]
} | We conclude that the use of a pacifier is a significant risk factor for recurrent AOM and suggest that pacifiers should be used only during the first 10 months of life, when need for sucking is strongest, and AOM is uncommon. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a pacifier increase the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To follow up a previous retrospective analysis in which we found the use of a pacifier to be a risk factor for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM).', 'In the present prospective study, the occurrence of AOM and the use of a pacifier were recorded in 845 children attending day care centers during a 15-month period.', 'More than three attacks of AOM occurred in 29.5% of the children younger than 2 years using pacifiers and in 20.6% of those not doing so (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6, 4.1); in children 2 to 3 years of age, the figures were 30.6% and 13.2%, respectively (relative risk, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2, 7.3). Logistic modeling with adjustment for age and the duration of monitoring showed the occurrence of AOM to be associated with the time during which a pacifier was used. The use of a pacifier increased the annual incidence of AOM from 3.6 (95% CI, 2.5, 4.9) to 5.4 episodes (4.4, 6.6) in children younger than 2 years and from 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) to 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in children 2 to 3 years of age. The population-attributable risk of AOM attacks due to the use of a pacifier was 176 attacks, ie, 459 to 635 attacks per year, in the youngest children and 69 attacks, ie, from 264 to 333 attacks per year, in those 2 to 3 years of age. It can be calculated that the use of a pacifier was responsible for 25% of the attacks in children younger than 3 years. Breastfeeding, parental smoking, thumb sucking, using a nursing bottle, and the social class of the family failed to show such strong associations with the occurrence of AOM.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Child', 'Child Day Care Centers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant Care', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Class']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,478,835 | Does elevated serum lactate correlate with intracranial hemorrhage in neonates treated with extracorporeal life support? | {
"contexts": [
"To correlate the initial and maximal lactate levels with the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and survival in patients treated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS).",
"Retrospective chart review.",
"Pediatric intensive care unit.",
"Eighty-two neonatal patients placed on ECLS for respiratory failure due to sepsis, meconium aspiration, or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.",
"The initial lactate level measured within 6 hours of initiating ECLS and the maximal lactate level measured throughout the ECLS course were collected. Lactate levels were described as mean lactate +/- SE (mM). Head ultrasound reports and survival were reviewed. Platelet counts and activated clotting times (ACTs) were examined.",
"The mean initial and maximal lactate levels were higher in ECLS patients who developed ICH (initial: 10 +/- 1.7 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .05 and maximal: 12.4 +/- 2.5 mM vs 7.9 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .04). Initial and maximal lactate levels were also elevated in nonsurvivors (initial: 11.7 +/- 3 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.7 mM, p = .01 and maximal: 14.8 +/- 3.3 mM vs 7.8 +/- 0.8 mM, P < .01). Platelet counts and ACT did not differ in patients with and without ICH."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cerebral Hemorrhage",
"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Intensive Care Units, Neonatal",
"Lactates",
"Logistic Models",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Respiratory Insufficiency",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Lactate is a useful marker for the development of ICH in ECLS patients. In addition, elevated lactates during ECLS identify a subgroup of patients with poor outcome. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether the incorporation of this information into pre-ECLS and ECLS management will decrease the occurrence of ICH and improve survival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does elevated serum lactate correlate with intracranial hemorrhage in neonates treated with extracorporeal life support?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To correlate the initial and maximal lactate levels with the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and survival in patients treated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS).', 'Retrospective chart review.', 'Pediatric intensive care unit.', 'Eighty-two neonatal patients placed on ECLS for respiratory failure due to sepsis, meconium aspiration, or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.', 'The initial lactate level measured within 6 hours of initiating ECLS and the maximal lactate level measured throughout the ECLS course were collected. Lactate levels were described as mean lactate +/- SE (mM). Head ultrasound reports and survival were reviewed. Platelet counts and activated clotting times (ACTs) were examined.', 'The mean initial and maximal lactate levels were higher in ECLS patients who developed ICH (initial: 10 +/- 1.7 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .05 and maximal: 12.4 +/- 2.5 mM vs 7.9 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .04). Initial and maximal lactate levels were also elevated in nonsurvivors (initial: 11.7 +/- 3 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.7 mM, p = .01 and maximal: 14.8 +/- 3.3 mM vs 7.8 +/- 0.8 mM, P < .01). Platelet counts and ACT did not differ in patients with and without ICH.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Lactates', 'Logistic Models', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,492,256 | Do signs of defensive control locate conflicted topics in discourse? | {
"contexts": [
"Psychodynamic clinicians cite defensive actions observed in evaluation and treatment as a source of important information. Empirical support for such assertions has seldom been based on objective study of recorded psychotherapy. A quantitative study of the association of signs of defensive control with disclosure of conflicted beliefs was undertaken.",
"Brief dynamic psychotherapies of two patients with pathological grief reactions were recorded and reviewed by independent judges. Periods of heightened defensive control of verbal and nonverbal communication were quantified using operational definitions. Reliably scored defensive episodes were algorithmically selected by computer programs. The people and topics discussed by patients were independently scored.",
"Highly defensive periods contained disproportionately more frequent instances of patient discourse about people involved in conflict and unresolved topics."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Conflict (Psychology)",
"Defense Mechanisms",
"Female",
"Grief",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Psychotherapy",
"Stress, Physiological",
"Verbal Behavior"
]
} | The findings support the psychodynamic hypothesis that observation of defensive behaviors may locate times of communication about conflicted themes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do signs of defensive control locate conflicted topics in discourse?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Psychodynamic clinicians cite defensive actions observed in evaluation and treatment as a source of important information. Empirical support for such assertions has seldom been based on objective study of recorded psychotherapy. A quantitative study of the association of signs of defensive control with disclosure of conflicted beliefs was undertaken.', 'Brief dynamic psychotherapies of two patients with pathological grief reactions were recorded and reviewed by independent judges. Periods of heightened defensive control of verbal and nonverbal communication were quantified using operational definitions. Reliably scored defensive episodes were algorithmically selected by computer programs. The people and topics discussed by patients were independently scored.', 'Highly defensive periods contained disproportionately more frequent instances of patient discourse about people involved in conflict and unresolved topics.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Conflict (Psychology)', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Female', 'Grief', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychotherapy', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Verbal Behavior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,495,350 | Does maternal age influence risk for HLA-B27 associated ankylosing enthesopathy in transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"To study further the temporal clustering of ankylosing enthesopathy (AE) noted originally during a study of the influence of mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) H-2 and transgenic HLA-B27 on the frequency of AE.",
"The relationship between maternal age at littering and frequency of AE was analysed.",
"Mice born to mothers aged eight months or older had a significantly lower disease frequency of AE than mice born to mothers younger than eight months of age. This phenomenon was observed in three independent cohorts evaluated to date (p < 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"HLA-B27 Antigen",
"Joint Diseases",
"Major Histocompatibility Complex",
"Male",
"Maternal Age",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Pregnancy",
"Rats"
]
} | Maternal age is a novel, non-genetic risk factor as defined in relation to an MHC associated enthesopathy. Its mode of action and relevance to human disease require further investigation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does maternal age influence risk for HLA-B27 associated ankylosing enthesopathy in transgenic mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study further the temporal clustering of ankylosing enthesopathy (AE) noted originally during a study of the influence of mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) H-2 and transgenic HLA-B27 on the frequency of AE.', 'The relationship between maternal age at littering and frequency of AE was analysed.', 'Mice born to mothers aged eight months or older had a significantly lower disease frequency of AE than mice born to mothers younger than eight months of age. This phenomenon was observed in three independent cohorts evaluated to date (p < 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'HLA-B27 Antigen', 'Joint Diseases', 'Major Histocompatibility Complex', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,491,661 | Does nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis in the rat result in reversible sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral deficits? | {
"contexts": [
"Microemboli released during transient ischemic attack, stroke, and cardiac surgery are thought to cause a variety of functional deficits in humans. The purpose of this study was to characterize the type and extent of neurobehavioral deficits present after photochemically induced common carotid artery thrombosis (CCAT), a thromboembolic model of stroke in the rat that results in a platelet emboli shower.",
"Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Groups 1 (n = 8) and 3 (n = 8) were long-term (6-week survival) and short-term (2-week survival) experimental groups subjected to right CCAT with the use of the photochemical technique. Groups 2 (n = 8) and 4 (n = 8) served as sham-operated controls for each experimental group. A battery of behavioral tests was applied daily beginning 24 hours after thrombosis; this consisted of elicited forelimb placing, postural reflex, beam balance, beam walking, and open field activity. Cognitive testing with a water maze task was performed on post-CCAT days 30 to 33 for groups 1 and 2 and on post-CCAT day 2 for groups 3 and 4. Ten-micrometer coronal brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and infarct location and frequency were determined.",
"Significant sensorimotor deficits were observed, which recovered within 2 weeks after CCAT. The data that follow are derived by combining the two experimental groups and comparing these with the two sham groups. The following tests showed significant effects after CCAT: contralateral elicited forelimb placing, ipsilateral elicited forelimb placing, beam balance, and beam walking score. Cognitive dysfunction was seen acutely (group 3 animals) at 2 days after CCAT; Morris water maze length and latency to target were significantly greater in the experimental group. No deficits were seen in postural reflex, open field activity, or delayed cognitive testing. Histopathological assessment revealed small infarcts in 11 of 16 thrombosed rats. However, a strong relationship between neurobehavioral deficits and infarct location was not consistently demonstrated."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Carotid Artery Thrombosis",
"Carotid Artery, Common",
"Cognition",
"Male",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | CCAT produces consistent sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral deficits that recover within 2 weeks of injury. Behavioral outcome was not necessarily associated with overt histopathological damage, suggesting that reversible injury mechanisms, both vascular and neuronal, may be partly responsible for the temporary loss of function. These data strengthen the role of CCAT as a clinically relevant model of thromboembolic stroke. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis in the rat result in reversible sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral deficits?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Microemboli released during transient ischemic attack, stroke, and cardiac surgery are thought to cause a variety of functional deficits in humans. The purpose of this study was to characterize the type and extent of neurobehavioral deficits present after photochemically induced common carotid artery thrombosis (CCAT), a thromboembolic model of stroke in the rat that results in a platelet emboli shower.', 'Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Groups 1 (n = 8) and 3 (n = 8) were long-term (6-week survival) and short-term (2-week survival) experimental groups subjected to right CCAT with the use of the photochemical technique. Groups 2 (n = 8) and 4 (n = 8) served as sham-operated controls for each experimental group. A battery of behavioral tests was applied daily beginning 24 hours after thrombosis; this consisted of elicited forelimb placing, postural reflex, beam balance, beam walking, and open field activity. Cognitive testing with a water maze task was performed on post-CCAT days 30 to 33 for groups 1 and 2 and on post-CCAT day 2 for groups 3 and 4. Ten-micrometer coronal brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and infarct location and frequency were determined.', 'Significant sensorimotor deficits were observed, which recovered within 2 weeks after CCAT. The data that follow are derived by combining the two experimental groups and comparing these with the two sham groups. The following tests showed significant effects after CCAT: contralateral elicited forelimb placing, ipsilateral elicited forelimb placing, beam balance, and beam walking score. Cognitive dysfunction was seen acutely (group 3 animals) at 2 days after CCAT; Morris water maze length and latency to target were significantly greater in the experimental group. No deficits were seen in postural reflex, open field activity, or delayed cognitive testing. Histopathological assessment revealed small infarcts in 11 of 16 thrombosed rats. However, a strong relationship between neurobehavioral deficits and infarct location was not consistently demonstrated.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain', 'Carotid Artery Thrombosis', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cognition', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,494,349 | Is limited range of motion a significant factor in venous ulceration? | {
"contexts": [
"Calf muscle pump dysfunction is a recognized factor in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We investigated the hypothesis that limbs with CVI have a reduced ankle range of motion (ROM) that may be responsible for the poor calf pump function associated with venous ulceration.",
"Ankle ROM and calf pump function were assessed in 32 limbs of 26 adult men. Limbs were selected on the basis of clinical presentation: normal (n = 6 limbs), class 1 or 2 CVI with no history of ulceration (n = 9 limbs), class 3 CVI with healed ulceration (n = 9 limbs), and class 3 CVI with active ulceration (n = 8 limbs). ROM was determined by goniometry during maximal plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle. Calf pump function was determined by air plethysmographic measurement of ejection fraction (EF) and residual volume fraction (RVF).",
"Ankle ROM was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in each CVI group compared with age-matched control subjects, because of decreases in both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Calf pump function was significantly impaired (decreased EF and increased RVF) in ulcerated limbs. ROM was significantly correlated to EF and RVF. Impairment of ROM and calf pump function was associated with deterioration in the clinical classification of venous disease."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Air",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Ankle Joint",
"Humans",
"Leg",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscles",
"Plethysmography",
"Range of Motion, Articular",
"Varicose Ulcer"
]
} | Limbs with CVI have a limited ankle ROM that decreases with increasing severity of clinical symptoms. This decreased ROM is associated with, and may contribute to, poor calf pump function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is limited range of motion a significant factor in venous ulceration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Calf muscle pump dysfunction is a recognized factor in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We investigated the hypothesis that limbs with CVI have a reduced ankle range of motion (ROM) that may be responsible for the poor calf pump function associated with venous ulceration.', 'Ankle ROM and calf pump function were assessed in 32 limbs of 26 adult men. Limbs were selected on the basis of clinical presentation: normal (n = 6 limbs), class 1 or 2 CVI with no history of ulceration (n = 9 limbs), class 3 CVI with healed ulceration (n = 9 limbs), and class 3 CVI with active ulceration (n = 8 limbs). ROM was determined by goniometry during maximal plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle. Calf pump function was determined by air plethysmographic measurement of ejection fraction (EF) and residual volume fraction (RVF).', 'Ankle ROM was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in each CVI group compared with age-matched control subjects, because of decreases in both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Calf pump function was significantly impaired (decreased EF and increased RVF) in ulcerated limbs. ROM was significantly correlated to EF and RVF. Impairment of ROM and calf pump function was associated with deterioration in the clinical classification of venous disease.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Air', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Ankle Joint', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Plethysmography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Varicose Ulcer']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,477,492 | Does [ Good surgery result in older patients with stage 1 lung carcinoma ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the influence of age on survival of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer.",
"Retrospective.",
"South-western part of the Netherlands.",
"Follow-up information was gathered on patients who had undergone resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer from 1984 through 1990 and had been registered by the Rotterdam Cancer Registry. Operative mortality, 2-year and 5-year survival in the age groups 20-59, 60-69 and 70 years and older were compared.",
"Of the 630 patients (median age of 66 years) one-third was 70 years or older. Operative mortality was mainly determined by the type of operation: 6% after pneumonectomy versus 1% after lesser resections. Five-year survival declined with age from 65% to 48% and 43% (p < 0.01). After adjustment for non-related causes of death this difference decreased: 68%, 55%, 61% (p = 0.15). The main prognostic factor was tumour size."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonectomy",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Chronological age has a limited influence on the survival of patients with lung cancer and does not preclude surgical treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Good surgery result in older patients with stage 1 lung carcinoma ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the influence of age on survival of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer.', 'Retrospective.', 'South-western part of the Netherlands.', 'Follow-up information was gathered on patients who had undergone resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer from 1984 through 1990 and had been registered by the Rotterdam Cancer Registry. Operative mortality, 2-year and 5-year survival in the age groups 20-59, 60-69 and 70 years and older were compared.', 'Of the 630 patients (median age of 66 years) one-third was 70 years or older. Operative mortality was mainly determined by the type of operation: 6% after pneumonectomy versus 1% after lesser resections. Five-year survival declined with age from 65% to 48% and 43% (p < 0.01). After adjustment for non-related causes of death this difference decreased: 68%, 55%, 61% (p = 0.15). The main prognostic factor was tumour size.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,486,155 | Does intrathecal amitriptyline act as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist in the presence of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Amitriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants exhibit high affinity binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in vitro and inhibit NMDA receptor activation-induced neuroplasticity in hippocampal slices. Because spinal NMDA receptor activation is believed to be central to generation and maintenance of hyperalgesic pain, the purpose of this study was to test whether intrathecal amitriptyline reduced inflammation-induced hyperalgesia in the rat.",
"Rats were prepared with chronic lumbar intrathecal and femoral intravenous catheters and nociceptive threshold was assessed by hind paw withdrawal to a radiant heat stimulus. Rats received an injection of carrageenin in one hind paw followed by thermal paw withdrawal testing 3 hr later and intrathecal amitriptyline and/or intravenous morphine injection. In other rats, intrathecal NMDA injection was preceded by either intrathecal saline or 60 micrograms amitriptyline.",
"Intrathecal amitriptyline reversed thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on withdrawal latency of the contralateral, noninjected paw. Intrathecal phentolamine plus methysergide did not alter amitriptyline's effect, except at the lowest dose. Intravenous morphine increased paw withdrawal latency in both inflamed and control paws in a dose-dependent fashion, and morphine interacted additively with intrathecal amitriptyline to reverse hyperalgesia. Thermal hyperalgesia induced by NMDA was completely antagonized by intrathecal amitriptyline."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors",
"Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists",
"Amitriptyline",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Animals",
"Behavior, Animal",
"Carrageenan",
"Drug Interactions",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Excipients",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Injections, Spinal",
"Male",
"Methysergide",
"Morphine",
"Phentolamine",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate",
"Serotonin Antagonists"
]
} | Amitriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants have been demonstrated to exhibit modest activity against clinical neuropathic pain after systemic administration. These data suggest that more profound pain relief might be obtained by intrathecal administration. Amitriptyline reverses hyperalgesia in rats by a mechanism unrelated to monoamine reuptake inhibition, and likely due to NMDA receptor antagonism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intrathecal amitriptyline act as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist in the presence of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Amitriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants exhibit high affinity binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in vitro and inhibit NMDA receptor activation-induced neuroplasticity in hippocampal slices. Because spinal NMDA receptor activation is believed to be central to generation and maintenance of hyperalgesic pain, the purpose of this study was to test whether intrathecal amitriptyline reduced inflammation-induced hyperalgesia in the rat.', 'Rats were prepared with chronic lumbar intrathecal and femoral intravenous catheters and nociceptive threshold was assessed by hind paw withdrawal to a radiant heat stimulus. Rats received an injection of carrageenin in one hind paw followed by thermal paw withdrawal testing 3 hr later and intrathecal amitriptyline and/or intravenous morphine injection. In other rats, intrathecal NMDA injection was preceded by either intrathecal saline or 60 micrograms amitriptyline.', \"Intrathecal amitriptyline reversed thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on withdrawal latency of the contralateral, noninjected paw. Intrathecal phentolamine plus methysergide did not alter amitriptyline's effect, except at the lowest dose. Intravenous morphine increased paw withdrawal latency in both inflamed and control paws in a dose-dependent fashion, and morphine interacted additively with intrathecal amitriptyline to reverse hyperalgesia. Thermal hyperalgesia induced by NMDA was completely antagonized by intrathecal amitriptyline.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Amitriptyline', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Carrageenan', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Excipients', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Male', 'Methysergide', 'Morphine', 'Phentolamine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Serotonin Antagonists']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,486,157 | Does one-day hypothermic preservation of isolated hearts with halothane improve cardiac function better than low calcium? | {
"contexts": [
"Halothane exerts a potent negative inotropic effect on the heart and mimics many of the cardiac effects of lowered extracellular CaCl2. Reduced slow inward Ca2+ current and sarcoplasmic reticular effects on intracellular Ca2+ are likely involved. The authors reported previously that halothane protects against hypoxic and ischemia reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. The aim of this isolated heart study was to compare protective effects of halothane and low CaCl2 (0.5 mM) administered during 1 day of hypothermic perfusion on return of normothermic perfusion.",
"Guinea pig hearts (n = 66) were isolated and perfused at 37 degrees C with a Krebs' solution, gassed with 96% O2, 4% CO2, and containing 2.5 mM Ca2+, and 4.5 mM K+. Heart rate, isovolumetric left ventricular pressure, coronary flow, %O2 extraction, O2 consumption rate, and relative cardiac efficiency (EFF = heart rate.left ventricular pressure/O2 consumption rate) were measured in five groups of hearts: time controls (no hypothermia); 1.5, and 3% halothane delivered by vaporizer; cold controls (hypothermia only); and 0.5 mM CaCl2. Halothane was administered, or CaCl2 was decreased 0.5 h before hypothermia at 3.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C, during hypothermia for 22 h, and for 0.5 h after rewarming to 37.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. Hearts were perfused at 25% of initial coronary flow during hypothermia.",
"All groups had similar ventricular function and vasodilator responses before hypothermia. During normothermic reperfusion after hypothermia, both concentrations of halothane protected better than low CaCl2. Values, expressed as a percent of initial values in the five groups (time control, 3% halothane, 1.5% halothane, cold control, and 0.5 mM CaCl2, were respectively: 90 +/- 6, 54 +/- 6*, 48 +/- 5*, 27 +/- 8, 27 +/- 4% for left ventricular pressure; 84 +/- 5, 61 +/- 4*, 62 +/- 6*, 40 +/- 5, 34 +/- 5% for EFF; and 102 +/- 3, 63 +/- 3*, 66 +/- 3*, 55 +/- 2, 42 +/- 2% for coronary flow (*P < 0.05 halothane vs. 0.5 mM CaCl2). The coronary flow response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (nitroprusside) vasodilators was also greater after halothane than after 0.5 mM CaCl2."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics",
"Animals",
"Calcium Chloride",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Guinea Pigs",
"Halothane",
"Heart",
"Heart Rate",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Perfusion",
"Random Allocation",
"Tissue Preservation"
]
} | Halothane administered during hypothermia restores left ventricular pressure, cardiac efficiency, basal coronary flow, and flow responses better than low CaCl2. Although halothane and low CaCl2 both reduce intracellular Ca2+, contractile force, and metabolic demand, the better protective effect of halothane is not likely simply due to a reduction in contractile function and metabolic rate before or initially after hypothermia because these were reduced much more by low CaCl2 than by halothane. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does one-day hypothermic preservation of isolated hearts with halothane improve cardiac function better than low calcium?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Halothane exerts a potent negative inotropic effect on the heart and mimics many of the cardiac effects of lowered extracellular CaCl2. Reduced slow inward Ca2+ current and sarcoplasmic reticular effects on intracellular Ca2+ are likely involved. The authors reported previously that halothane protects against hypoxic and ischemia reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. The aim of this isolated heart study was to compare protective effects of halothane and low CaCl2 (0.5 mM) administered during 1 day of hypothermic perfusion on return of normothermic perfusion.', \"Guinea pig hearts (n = 66) were isolated and perfused at 37 degrees C with a Krebs' solution, gassed with 96% O2, 4% CO2, and containing 2.5 mM Ca2+, and 4.5 mM K+. Heart rate, isovolumetric left ventricular pressure, coronary flow, %O2 extraction, O2 consumption rate, and relative cardiac efficiency (EFF = heart rate.left ventricular pressure/O2 consumption rate) were measured in five groups of hearts: time controls (no hypothermia); 1.5, and 3% halothane delivered by vaporizer; cold controls (hypothermia only); and 0.5 mM CaCl2. Halothane was administered, or CaCl2 was decreased 0.5 h before hypothermia at 3.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C, during hypothermia for 22 h, and for 0.5 h after rewarming to 37.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. Hearts were perfused at 25% of initial coronary flow during hypothermia.\", 'All groups had similar ventricular function and vasodilator responses before hypothermia. During normothermic reperfusion after hypothermia, both concentrations of halothane protected better than low CaCl2. Values, expressed as a percent of initial values in the five groups (time control, 3% halothane, 1.5% halothane, cold control, and 0.5 mM CaCl2, were respectively: 90 +/- 6, 54 +/- 6*, 48 +/- 5*, 27 +/- 8, 27 +/- 4% for left ventricular pressure; 84 +/- 5, 61 +/- 4*, 62 +/- 6*, 40 +/- 5, 34 +/- 5% for EFF; and 102 +/- 3, 63 +/- 3*, 66 +/- 3*, 55 +/- 2, 42 +/- 2% for coronary flow (*P < 0.05 halothane vs. 0.5 mM CaCl2). The coronary flow response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (nitroprusside) vasodilators was also greater after halothane than after 0.5 mM CaCl2.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics', 'Animals', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Halothane', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Perfusion', 'Random Allocation', 'Tissue Preservation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,486,153 | Do desflurane and isoflurane exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during myocardial ischemia in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during myocardial ischemia. This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion in the central ischemic zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during desflurane and isoflurane anesthesia.",
"Eighteen experiments were performed in nine dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, LAD coronary blood flow velocity, and LAD and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the LAD and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in LAD and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal desflurane or isoflurane before and during LAD occlusion.",
"In conscious dogs, LAD occlusion abolished regional stroke work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during LAD occlusion), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the ischemic zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during LAD occlusion), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during LAD occlusion), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during LAD occlusion) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of myocardial ischemia. Desflurane and isoflurane increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of ischemia. Myocardial contractility and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during LAD occlusion in the presence of desflurane and isoflurane. In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, ischemia-induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the ischemic and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by desflurane and isoflurane."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthesia, Inhalation",
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Desflurane",
"Dogs",
"Hemodynamics",
"Isoflurane",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Random Allocation",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional ischemia were preserved in the presence of desflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. In addition, desflurane and isoflurane blunted ischemia-induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the ischemic and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe abnormalities in systolic and diastolic function during ischemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do desflurane and isoflurane exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during myocardial ischemia in dogs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during myocardial ischemia. This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion in the central ischemic zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during desflurane and isoflurane anesthesia.', 'Eighteen experiments were performed in nine dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, LAD coronary blood flow velocity, and LAD and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the LAD and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in LAD and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal desflurane or isoflurane before and during LAD occlusion.', 'In conscious dogs, LAD occlusion abolished regional stroke work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during LAD occlusion), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the ischemic zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during LAD occlusion), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during LAD occlusion), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during LAD occlusion) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of myocardial ischemia. Desflurane and isoflurane increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of ischemia. Myocardial contractility and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during LAD occlusion in the presence of desflurane and isoflurane. In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, ischemia-induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the ischemic and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by desflurane and isoflurane.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Desflurane', 'Dogs', 'Hemodynamics', 'Isoflurane', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Random Allocation', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
7,487,689 | Is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 related to physical activity and ethnicity but not obesity in a multicultural workforce? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent research suggests that body vitamin D levels are decreased in coronary heart disease and diabetes, but it is unclear which cardiovascular risk factors are related to vitamin D status.",
"To examine the relation between vitamin D status and major cardiovascular risk factors.",
"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a marker of recent sun exposure and vitamin D status, was measured in 390 New Zealand residents (95 Pacific Islanders, 74 Maori and 221 others mostly of European descent), who were part of a larger cross-sectional survey of a workforce (n = 5677) aged 40-64 years.",
"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in Pacific Islanders (mean (SE) = 56 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.0001) and Maoris (68 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.036) compared with Europeans (75 (2) nmol/L) after adjusting for age, sex and time of year. Also adjusting for ethnic group, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was higher in people doing vigorous (aerobic) leisure physical activities (71 (2) nmol/L; p = 0.0066) and moderate (non-aerobic) activities (68 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.12) compared with those who were inactive (63 (2) nmol/L). However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was unrelated to body mass index, serum lipids, blood pressure or cigarette smoking."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Calcifediol",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"New Zealand",
"Obesity",
"Pacific Islands",
"Physical Fitness",
"Risk Factors",
"Skin Pigmentation"
]
} | People with increased skin pigmentation, such as Polynesians, and people who are inactive, have decreased body levels of vitamin D; this might partly explain their increased risk of cardiovascular disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 related to physical activity and ethnicity but not obesity in a multicultural workforce?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent research suggests that body vitamin D levels are decreased in coronary heart disease and diabetes, but it is unclear which cardiovascular risk factors are related to vitamin D status.', 'To examine the relation between vitamin D status and major cardiovascular risk factors.', 'Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a marker of recent sun exposure and vitamin D status, was measured in 390 New Zealand residents (95 Pacific Islanders, 74 Maori and 221 others mostly of European descent), who were part of a larger cross-sectional survey of a workforce (n = 5677) aged 40-64 years.', 'Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in Pacific Islanders (mean (SE) = 56 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.0001) and Maoris (68 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.036) compared with Europeans (75 (2) nmol/L) after adjusting for age, sex and time of year. Also adjusting for ethnic group, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was higher in people doing vigorous (aerobic) leisure physical activities (71 (2) nmol/L; p = 0.0066) and moderate (non-aerobic) activities (68 (3) nmol/L; p = 0.12) compared with those who were inactive (63 (2) nmol/L). However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was unrelated to body mass index, serum lipids, blood pressure or cigarette smoking.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Calcifediol', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New Zealand', 'Obesity', 'Pacific Islands', 'Physical Fitness', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Pigmentation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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