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18,555,133 | Do human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation synthesize insulin? | {
"contexts": [
"Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disorder with disturbed glucose/insulin metabolism, which has no medical treatment other than life-long insulin therapy, despite which 30% of subjects develop organ failure. Herein we have reported the use of human adipose-tissue-derived, insulin-making mesenchymal stem cells (h-AD-MSC) transfused with unfractionated cultured bone marrow (CBM) in 5 insulinopenic DM patients.",
"Five (M:F, 2:3) insulinopenic DM patients of 0.6 to 10 years' duration, ages 14 to 28 years under treatment insulin (Human with 14-70 U/d) showed postprandial blood sugars between 156 to 470 mg%, glycosylated hemoglobin 6.8% to 9.9% and c-peptide levels of 0.02 to 0.2 ng/mL. They underwent intraportal administration of xenogeneic-free h-AD-MSC (mean dose = 1.5 mL; cell counts, 2.1 x 10(3)/muL). The CD45-/90+/73(+) cells (29.8/16.8%) showed c-peptide levels of 3.08 ng/mL, insulin level of 1578 micro IU/mL. The aliquot was supplemented with CBM (mean dose 94 mL with cell counts: 18.7 x 10(3)/microL) containing CD45-/34+ elements of 0.93%. The Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol and consent forms.",
"All patients were successfully infused CBM plus h-AD-MSC without any untoward effects and showed 30% to 50% decreased insulin requirements with 4- to 26-fold increased serum c-peptide levels, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 months."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cells",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cells"
]
} | This report describes safe and effective treatment of insulinopenic diabetics using insulin-producing h-AD-MSC plus CBM without xenogeneic materials. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation synthesize insulin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disorder with disturbed glucose/insulin metabolism, which has no medical treatment other than life-long insulin therapy, despite which 30% of subjects develop organ failure. Herein we have reported the use of human adipose-tissue-derived, insulin-making mesenchymal stem cells (h-AD-MSC) transfused with unfractionated cultured bone marrow (CBM) in 5 insulinopenic DM patients.', \"Five (M:F, 2:3) insulinopenic DM patients of 0.6 to 10 years' duration, ages 14 to 28 years under treatment insulin (Human with 14-70 U/d) showed postprandial blood sugars between 156 to 470 mg%, glycosylated hemoglobin 6.8% to 9.9% and c-peptide levels of 0.02 to 0.2 ng/mL. They underwent intraportal administration of xenogeneic-free h-AD-MSC (mean dose = 1.5 mL; cell counts, 2.1 x 10(3)/muL). The CD45-/90+/73(+) cells (29.8/16.8%) showed c-peptide levels of 3.08 ng/mL, insulin level of 1578 micro IU/mL. The aliquot was supplemented with CBM (mean dose 94 mL with cell counts: 18.7 x 10(3)/microL) containing CD45-/34+ elements of 0.93%. The Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol and consent forms.\", 'All patients were successfully infused CBM plus h-AD-MSC without any untoward effects and showed 30% to 50% decreased insulin requirements with 4- to 26-fold increased serum c-peptide levels, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 months.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,487 | Does the effect of graphical and numerical presentation of hypothetical prenatal diagnosis result on risk perception? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate various formats for the communication of prenatal test results.",
"In study 1 (N=400), female students completed a questionnaire assessing risk perception, affect, and perceived usefulness of prenatal test results. A randomized, 2 (risk level; low, high) x 4 (format; ratio with numerator 1, ratio with denominator 1000, Paling Perspective Scale, pictograms) design was used. Study 2 (N=200) employed a 2 (risk level; low, high) x 2 (format; Paling Perspective Scale, risk comparisons in numerical format) design.",
"In study 1, the Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk across different risk levels compared with the other formats. Furthermore, participants in the low-risk group perceived the test results as less risky compared with participants in the high-risk group (P < 0.001) when the Paling Perspective Scale was used. No significant differences between low and high risks were observed for the other 3 formats. In study 2, the Paling Perspective Scale evoked higher levels of perceived risks relative to the numerical presentation of risk comparisons. For both formats, we found that participants confronted with a high risk perceived test results as more risky compared with participants confronted with a low risk."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Communication",
"Down Syndrome",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Prenatal Diagnosis",
"Risk Factors",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | The Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk compared with the other formats. This effect must be taken into account when choosing a graphical or numerical format for risk communication. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the effect of graphical and numerical presentation of hypothetical prenatal diagnosis result on risk perception?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate various formats for the communication of prenatal test results.', 'In study 1 (N=400), female students completed a questionnaire assessing risk perception, affect, and perceived usefulness of prenatal test results. A randomized, 2 (risk level; low, high) x 4 (format; ratio with numerator 1, ratio with denominator 1000, Paling Perspective Scale, pictograms) design was used. Study 2 (N=200) employed a 2 (risk level; low, high) x 2 (format; Paling Perspective Scale, risk comparisons in numerical format) design.', 'In study 1, the Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk across different risk levels compared with the other formats. Furthermore, participants in the low-risk group perceived the test results as less risky compared with participants in the high-risk group (P < 0.001) when the Paling Perspective Scale was used. No significant differences between low and high risks were observed for the other 3 formats. In study 2, the Paling Perspective Scale evoked higher levels of perceived risks relative to the numerical presentation of risk comparisons. For both formats, we found that participants confronted with a high risk perceived test results as more risky compared with participants confronted with a low risk.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Communication', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,938 | Does simvastatin alleviate diabetes-induced VEGF-mediated nephropathy via the modulation of Ras signaling pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"The activation of Ras signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in mesangial cells is a pathogenic consequence of diabetic nephropathy. We examined the role of simvastatin in modulating Ras signaling and the expression of VEGF in mesangial cells stressed with high doses of glucose in vitro and in vivo.",
"For the in vitro studies, we cultured mesangial cells, with or without simvastatin or manumycin A pretreatment, in 35 mM glucose and assayed VEGF activity. For the in vivo studies, we administered simvastatin or manumycin A to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 28 days and dissected renal tissues for an immunohistological assessment of Ras and VEGF expression in glomerular cells.",
"We showed that high glucose significantly increased VEGF gene expression and Ras activation. The pretreatment with 10 microM simvastatin and inhibition of Ras activity by manumycin A significantly reversed high glucose promotion of VEGF mRNA expression. Pretreatment with simvastatin and manumycin A clearly affected the activation of Ras promoted by high glucose. Tube-like formations were abundant in high glucose-treated mesangial cells co-cultured with HUVEC. However, the simvastatin and manumycin A treatment group's down-regulated tube formation was comparable to the mesangial cells treated only with high glucose. Exogenous simvastatin and manumycin A treatment alleviated urinary albumin secretion and attenuated Ras activation and VEGF protein expression in the kidneys of diabetic rats."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Diabetic Nephropathies",
"Glomerular Mesangium",
"Polyenes",
"Polyunsaturated Alkamides",
"Rats",
"Signal Transduction",
"Simvastatin",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"ras Proteins"
]
} | Ras protein activation is a key mediator of VEGF-induced diabetic nephropathy. By inhibiting Ras activation, simvastatin modulates the high glucose-induced VEGF-mediated signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does simvastatin alleviate diabetes-induced VEGF-mediated nephropathy via the modulation of Ras signaling pathway?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The activation of Ras signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in mesangial cells is a pathogenic consequence of diabetic nephropathy. We examined the role of simvastatin in modulating Ras signaling and the expression of VEGF in mesangial cells stressed with high doses of glucose in vitro and in vivo.', 'For the in vitro studies, we cultured mesangial cells, with or without simvastatin or manumycin A pretreatment, in 35 mM glucose and assayed VEGF activity. For the in vivo studies, we administered simvastatin or manumycin A to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 28 days and dissected renal tissues for an immunohistological assessment of Ras and VEGF expression in glomerular cells.', \"We showed that high glucose significantly increased VEGF gene expression and Ras activation. The pretreatment with 10 microM simvastatin and inhibition of Ras activity by manumycin A significantly reversed high glucose promotion of VEGF mRNA expression. Pretreatment with simvastatin and manumycin A clearly affected the activation of Ras promoted by high glucose. Tube-like formations were abundant in high glucose-treated mesangial cells co-cultured with HUVEC. However, the simvastatin and manumycin A treatment group's down-regulated tube formation was comparable to the mesangial cells treated only with high glucose. Exogenous simvastatin and manumycin A treatment alleviated urinary albumin secretion and attenuated Ras activation and VEGF protein expression in the kidneys of diabetic rats.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Glomerular Mesangium', 'Polyenes', 'Polyunsaturated Alkamides', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Simvastatin', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'ras Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,184 | Does trait anxiety determine depressive symptoms and fatigue in women with an abnormality in the breast? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to examine the role of trait anxiety and diagnosis on depressive symptoms and fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer or benign breast problems.",
"A prospective follow-up study was performed in order to find predictors of depressive symptoms and fatigue.",
"From the 169 participating women, 81 patients had breast cancer and 88 benign breast problems. Questionnaires for depressive symptoms and fatigue were completed before diagnosis (T1) and 1 (T2), 3 (T3), and 6 (T4) months after diagnosis (benign patients) or surgical treatment (breast cancer patients). A trait anxiety questionnaire was only completed before diagnosis was known.",
"Trait anxiety, assessed before diagnosis, was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms at T4, even when depressive symptoms at baseline was included in the analysis. Fatigue at T4 was predicted by fatigue at baseline and trait anxiety. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis (benign or breast cancer) and adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy) did not play a role. Patients with breast cancer or benign breast problems scoring high on trait anxiety, scored higher on depressive symptoms and fatigue than the other patients, at all time points."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anxiety Disorders",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Fatigue",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prospective Studies",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Trait anxiety plays a role in experiencing depressive symptoms and fatigue over time. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does trait anxiety determine depressive symptoms and fatigue in women with an abnormality in the breast?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim was to examine the role of trait anxiety and diagnosis on depressive symptoms and fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer or benign breast problems.', 'A prospective follow-up study was performed in order to find predictors of depressive symptoms and fatigue.', 'From the 169 participating women, 81 patients had breast cancer and 88 benign breast problems. Questionnaires for depressive symptoms and fatigue were completed before diagnosis (T1) and 1 (T2), 3 (T3), and 6 (T4) months after diagnosis (benign patients) or surgical treatment (breast cancer patients). A trait anxiety questionnaire was only completed before diagnosis was known.', 'Trait anxiety, assessed before diagnosis, was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms at T4, even when depressive symptoms at baseline was included in the analysis. Fatigue at T4 was predicted by fatigue at baseline and trait anxiety. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis (benign or breast cancer) and adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy) did not play a role. Patients with breast cancer or benign breast problems scoring high on trait anxiety, scored higher on depressive symptoms and fatigue than the other patients, at all time points.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,512 | Is anti-Mullerian hormone increased in follicular fluid from unstimulated ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) may have a role in disordered folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Though there have been several investigations into circulating AMH levels in patients with PCOS, no previous studies have compared AMH concentrations in the follicular fluid of unstimulated ovaries in women with PCOS with that of normally ovulating women.",
"Follicular fluid was aspirated from 4-8-mm follicles of unstimulated ovaries during routine laparoscopy or laparotomy from women with anovulatory PCOS (n = 11) and those with regular ovulatory cycles (n = 8). Follicular AMH was compared in the two groups. Serum samples were analysed for AMH and endocrine profile.",
"Follicular fluid AMH levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in women with anovulatory PCOS (median: 466.2 ng/ml) compared with normal-ovulatory controls (median: 78.0 ng/ml). Mean follicular fluid AMH levels in PCOS patients were 60 times higher than in the serum. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the follicular fluid and serum concentrations of AMH in the PCOS group (r = 0.86; P = 0.007) but not in controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Follicular Fluid",
"Gonadal Steroid Hormones",
"Humans",
"Ovary",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"
]
} | Highly elevated AMH in follicular fluid from PCOS patients in contrast to age-matched normal controls suggests that increased circulating concentrations of AMH are partly due to the increased production of AMH by individual follicles and not simply attributable to the increased number of small antral follicles. This suggests an intrinsic abnormality in the ovarian follicles themselves in PCOS, which could contribute to disordered folliculogenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is anti-Mullerian hormone increased in follicular fluid from unstimulated ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) may have a role in disordered folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Though there have been several investigations into circulating AMH levels in patients with PCOS, no previous studies have compared AMH concentrations in the follicular fluid of unstimulated ovaries in women with PCOS with that of normally ovulating women.', 'Follicular fluid was aspirated from 4-8-mm follicles of unstimulated ovaries during routine laparoscopy or laparotomy from women with anovulatory PCOS (n = 11) and those with regular ovulatory cycles (n = 8). Follicular AMH was compared in the two groups. Serum samples were analysed for AMH and endocrine profile.', 'Follicular fluid AMH levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in women with anovulatory PCOS (median: 466.2 ng/ml) compared with normal-ovulatory controls (median: 78.0 ng/ml). Mean follicular fluid AMH levels in PCOS patients were 60 times higher than in the serum. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the follicular fluid and serum concentrations of AMH in the PCOS group (r = 0.86; P = 0.007) but not in controls.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anti-Mullerian Hormone', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Follicular Fluid', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Ovary', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,171 | Is combined expression of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases FAK and Src in primary colorectal cancer associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis formation? | {
"contexts": [
"The protein tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src in association with phosphorylation of the adapter protein paxillin are essential in tumor metastasis formation. Elevated levels of FAK, Src and paxillin may increase the metastatic potential of colorectal tumor cells. The aim of the current study was to examine the expression of FAK, Src, and paxillin using immunohistochemistry in the context of disease progression and to evaluate its clinical significance as a prognostic factor.",
"The relationship between FAK, Src and paxillin levels and colorectal cancer progression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 104 colorectal cancer specimens with clinical follow up. In addition, FAK, Src and paxillin expression levels were quantified in 68 colorectal tumors and corresponding liver metastases.",
"FAK and paxillin expression individually did not significantly impact time to recurrence (p=0.09, and p=0.89 respectively). Src expression was associated with tumor recurrence p=0.03. However, tumors that expressed both high FAK and Src levels had a significant shorter time to recurrence (p=0.004, hazard ratio: 2.98, 95% CI 1.14-6.31). FAK, Src and paxillin showed equivalent levels in corresponding liver metastases compared to the primary tumors (p=0.67, p=0.28 and p=0.34 respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Paxillin",
"Prognosis",
"src-Family Kinases"
]
} | These findings show that high levels of FAK and Src combined were predictive for recurrence of colorectal cancer. In addition, expression of FAK, Src and paxillin in colorectal cancer were maintained in corresponding distant metastases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is combined expression of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases FAK and Src in primary colorectal cancer associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis formation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The protein tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src in association with phosphorylation of the adapter protein paxillin are essential in tumor metastasis formation. Elevated levels of FAK, Src and paxillin may increase the metastatic potential of colorectal tumor cells. The aim of the current study was to examine the expression of FAK, Src, and paxillin using immunohistochemistry in the context of disease progression and to evaluate its clinical significance as a prognostic factor.', 'The relationship between FAK, Src and paxillin levels and colorectal cancer progression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 104 colorectal cancer specimens with clinical follow up. In addition, FAK, Src and paxillin expression levels were quantified in 68 colorectal tumors and corresponding liver metastases.', 'FAK and paxillin expression individually did not significantly impact time to recurrence (p=0.09, and p=0.89 respectively). Src expression was associated with tumor recurrence p=0.03. However, tumors that expressed both high FAK and Src levels had a significant shorter time to recurrence (p=0.004, hazard ratio: 2.98, 95% CI 1.14-6.31). FAK, Src and paxillin showed equivalent levels in corresponding liver metastases compared to the primary tumors (p=0.67, p=0.28 and p=0.34 respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Paxillin', 'Prognosis', 'src-Family Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,663 | Is bcl-2 expression associated with survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma : a historical cohort study? | {
"contexts": [
"Programmed cell death (apoptosis) has been implicated in tumor development and may affect the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The role of bcl-2, a proto-oncogene that inhibits apoptosis, has been studied in several malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma (CM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in 35 regional lymph node, 28 subcutaneous and 17 visceral CM metastases, correlating the findings with patient survival.",
"In a historical cohort study patient survival was correlated with the expression of bcl-2 in regional lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases of CM. Eighty slides containing surgical specimens from 50 patients diagnosed with stage III and IV CM, 28 male (56%) and 22 female (44%), were analyzed. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (16-74 years; median = 42 years). Mean Breslow depth was 5.01 mm (0.4-27.5 mm). The slides were submitted to immunohistochemical reaction using anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibody and classified according to the degree of staining (< 5%; 5 to 50%; or > 50% of tumor cells stained). The relationship between bcl-2 protein expression and survival for each type of metastasis, gender and age at initial diagnosis was analyzed.",
"Mean overall survival was 33.9 months after the diagnosis of the initial metastatic lesion (range: 0 to 131 months). Twenty-four out of 50 patients (48%) had died from CM by the end of the study period. bcl-2 expression was detected in 74.3, 85.7 and 82.4% of lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases, respectively. After univariate and multivariate analyses, no correlation was found between positive bcl-2 expression and overall survival for the types of metastases evaluated."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Melanoma",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Prognosis",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Skin Neoplasms",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in metastasis alone is not a prognostic marker for CM. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is bcl-2 expression associated with survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma : a historical cohort study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Programmed cell death (apoptosis) has been implicated in tumor development and may affect the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The role of bcl-2, a proto-oncogene that inhibits apoptosis, has been studied in several malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma (CM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in 35 regional lymph node, 28 subcutaneous and 17 visceral CM metastases, correlating the findings with patient survival.', 'In a historical cohort study patient survival was correlated with the expression of bcl-2 in regional lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases of CM. Eighty slides containing surgical specimens from 50 patients diagnosed with stage III and IV CM, 28 male (56%) and 22 female (44%), were analyzed. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (16-74 years; median = 42 years). Mean Breslow depth was 5.01 mm (0.4-27.5 mm). The slides were submitted to immunohistochemical reaction using anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibody and classified according to the degree of staining (< 5%; 5 to 50%; or > 50% of tumor cells stained). The relationship between bcl-2 protein expression and survival for each type of metastasis, gender and age at initial diagnosis was analyzed.', 'Mean overall survival was 33.9 months after the diagnosis of the initial metastatic lesion (range: 0 to 131 months). Twenty-four out of 50 patients (48%) had died from CM by the end of the study period. bcl-2 expression was detected in 74.3, 85.7 and 82.4% of lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases, respectively. After univariate and multivariate analyses, no correlation was found between positive bcl-2 expression and overall survival for the types of metastases evaluated.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,543,502 | Does [ Problem/case-based learning compared to lecture for acquiring knowledge of air embolism in continuing medical education ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The efficacy of continuing medical education in anesthesiology has been examined very little. This study compared the efficacy of a lecture on air embolism to that of a class that used a problem/case-based learning approach.",
"Prospective, randomized study enrolling 52 experienced anesthesiologists participating in a professional development course. Twenty-six anesthesiologists attended a lecture on air embolism in anesthesia and 25 attended a problem-based class. The objectives were the same for both groups and had been defined previously. The participants' knowledge was evaluated before and after the instruction with tests based on 2 cases dealing with the same knowledge areas: risk factors and symptoms, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.",
"No significant between-group differences were found for any of the knowledge areas before or after the classes. After instruction, participants who listened to the lecture improved their scores for knowledge of monitoring (P = .03) and treatment (P = .001). Participants in the problem-based learning group also improved their scores for knowledge of treatment (P = .003)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anesthesiology",
"Education, Medical, Continuing",
"Educational Measurement",
"Embolism, Air",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Problem-Based Learning",
"Retention (Psychology)",
"Sampling Studies",
"Teaching"
]
} | No between-group differences in participants' knowledge outcomes were detected; improvements were minimal. The study design allowed the knowledge acquired to be evaluated objectively. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Problem/case-based learning compared to lecture for acquiring knowledge of air embolism in continuing medical education ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The efficacy of continuing medical education in anesthesiology has been examined very little. This study compared the efficacy of a lecture on air embolism to that of a class that used a problem/case-based learning approach.', \"Prospective, randomized study enrolling 52 experienced anesthesiologists participating in a professional development course. Twenty-six anesthesiologists attended a lecture on air embolism in anesthesia and 25 attended a problem-based class. The objectives were the same for both groups and had been defined previously. The participants' knowledge was evaluated before and after the instruction with tests based on 2 cases dealing with the same knowledge areas: risk factors and symptoms, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.\", 'No significant between-group differences were found for any of the knowledge areas before or after the classes. After instruction, participants who listened to the lecture improved their scores for knowledge of monitoring (P = .03) and treatment (P = .001). Participants in the problem-based learning group also improved their scores for knowledge of treatment (P = .003).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anesthesiology', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Educational Measurement', 'Embolism, Air', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Retention (Psychology)', 'Sampling Studies', 'Teaching']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,562,045 | Does p50 gating deficit in Alzheimer dementia correlate to frontal neuropsychological function? | {
"contexts": [
"Cognitive inhibition processes were found to be deficient early in the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inhibition of redundant information is a precondition for efficient cognitive processing and presumably modulated by prefrontal attentional networks. Deficits in the suppression of the evoked potential P50 response to paired clicks are well known in schizophrenic patients and undergo cholinergic modulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate inhibitory gating deficits of P50 in AD and their relation to neuropsychological measures.",
"P50 suppression was assessed in 19 AD-patients in comparison to a young and elderly control group (n=17 each) and related to MMSE and specific neuropsychological assessments.",
"Patients showed reduced sensory gating compared to healthy elderly (p<0.021) and exhibited significantly higher N40-P50-amplitudes. There were no age or gender effects in controls. Frontal neuropsychological tests (TMT-B, verbal fluency) and working memory requiring inhibition, but not declarative memory functions, were significantly correlated with inhibitory gating and test amplitude in both, AD-patients and controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Attention",
"Auditory Perception",
"Brain",
"Cognition",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The results support an early inhibitory deficit interfering with executive functions and working memory in AD independent from physiological aging. P50 gating might be applicable as a marker for inhibition deficits and thereby be important for prognosis estimation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does p50 gating deficit in Alzheimer dementia correlate to frontal neuropsychological function?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Cognitive inhibition processes were found to be deficient early in the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inhibition of redundant information is a precondition for efficient cognitive processing and presumably modulated by prefrontal attentional networks. Deficits in the suppression of the evoked potential P50 response to paired clicks are well known in schizophrenic patients and undergo cholinergic modulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate inhibitory gating deficits of P50 in AD and their relation to neuropsychological measures.\", 'P50 suppression was assessed in 19 AD-patients in comparison to a young and elderly control group (n=17 each) and related to MMSE and specific neuropsychological assessments.', 'Patients showed reduced sensory gating compared to healthy elderly (p<0.021) and exhibited significantly higher N40-P50-amplitudes. There were no age or gender effects in controls. Frontal neuropsychological tests (TMT-B, verbal fluency) and working memory requiring inhibition, but not declarative memory functions, were significantly correlated with inhibitory gating and test amplitude in both, AD-patients and controls.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain', 'Cognition', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,159 | Does the mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 ( MDP1 ) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG influence various growth characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathogenic mycobacteria such as M. tuberculosis, M. bovis or M. leprae are characterised by their extremely slow growth rate which plays an important role in mycobacterial virulence and eradication of the bacteria. Various limiting factors influence the generation time of mycobacteria, and the mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1) has also been implicated in growth regulation. Our strategy to investigate the role of MDP1 in mycobacterial growth consisted in the generation and characterisation of a M. bovis BCG derivative expressing a MDP1-antisense gene.",
"The expression rate of the MDP1 protein in the recombinant M. bovis BCG containing the MDP1-antisense plasmid was reduced by about 50% compared to the reference strain M. bovis BCG containing the empty vector. In comparison to this reference strain, the recombinant M. bovis BCG grew faster in broth culture and reached higher cell masses in stationary phase. Likewise its intracellular growth in mouse and human macrophages was ameliorated. Bacterial clumping in broth culture was reduced by the antisense plasmid. The antisense plasmid increased the susceptibility of the bacteria towards Ampicillin. 2-D protein gels of bacteria maintained under oxygen-poor conditions demonstrated a reduction in the number and the intensity of many protein spots in the antisense strain compared to the reference strain."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Ampicillin",
"Animals",
"Bacterial Proteins",
"Cell Line",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Macrophages",
"Mice",
"Mycobacterium bovis",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Oxygen",
"Plasmids"
]
} | The MDP1 protein has a major impact on various growth characteristics of M. bovis BCG. It plays an important role in virulence-related traits such as aggregate formation and intracellular multiplication. Its impact on the protein expression in a low-oxygen atmosphere indicates a role in the adaptation to the hypoxic conditions present in the granuloma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 ( MDP1 ) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG influence various growth characteristics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pathogenic mycobacteria such as M. tuberculosis, M. bovis or M. leprae are characterised by their extremely slow growth rate which plays an important role in mycobacterial virulence and eradication of the bacteria. Various limiting factors influence the generation time of mycobacteria, and the mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1) has also been implicated in growth regulation. Our strategy to investigate the role of MDP1 in mycobacterial growth consisted in the generation and characterisation of a M. bovis BCG derivative expressing a MDP1-antisense gene.', 'The expression rate of the MDP1 protein in the recombinant M. bovis BCG containing the MDP1-antisense plasmid was reduced by about 50% compared to the reference strain M. bovis BCG containing the empty vector. In comparison to this reference strain, the recombinant M. bovis BCG grew faster in broth culture and reached higher cell masses in stationary phase. Likewise its intracellular growth in mouse and human macrophages was ameliorated. Bacterial clumping in broth culture was reduced by the antisense plasmid. The antisense plasmid increased the susceptibility of the bacteria towards Ampicillin. 2-D protein gels of bacteria maintained under oxygen-poor conditions demonstrated a reduction in the number and the intensity of many protein spots in the antisense strain compared to the reference strain.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Ampicillin', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Oxygen', 'Plasmids']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,588 | Does fluid shear stress regulate the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently we reported that fluid shear stress promotes endothelial cell differentiation from a mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T1/2. However, it is not clear whether the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) system is associated with shear-induced endothelial differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shear stress on the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in C3H10T1/2 cells.",
"Murine C3H10T1/2 cells were incubated on collagen Type 1-coated dishes, and subjected to a steady fluid shear stress of 15 dyn/cm(2) for 6, 12, and 24 h. The mRNA levels for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors (TGF-beta R), and Smad molecules were determined with real-time PCR analysis and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels.",
"TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 60% and 66% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively, compared with static control group (P < 0.01). In addition, shear stress significantly decreased TGF-beta R1 mRNA levels by 30% and 50% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively (P < 0.01). For TGF-beta R2, shear stress at 6, 12, and 24 h significantly reduced its expression by 93%, 95% and 97%, respectively, compared with static controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, shear stress significant decreased mRNA levels of positive signaling molecules Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). However, shear stress significantly increased negative signaling molecule Smad7 mRNA levels by 100% at 24 h treatment compared with static control group (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cells",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C3H",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Shear Strength",
"Smad Proteins",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1"
]
} | Fluid shear stress significantly suppresses TGF-beta1 functions through down-regulation of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta R, positive signaling molecules Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and up-regulation of negative signaling molecule Smad7 in a mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T1/2. This study suggests that the negative regulation of the TGF-beta1 system may be involved in shear-induced endothelial cell differentiation in C3H10T1/2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fluid shear stress regulate the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recently we reported that fluid shear stress promotes endothelial cell differentiation from a mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T1/2. However, it is not clear whether the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) system is associated with shear-induced endothelial differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shear stress on the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in C3H10T1/2 cells.', 'Murine C3H10T1/2 cells were incubated on collagen Type 1-coated dishes, and subjected to a steady fluid shear stress of 15 dyn/cm(2) for 6, 12, and 24 h. The mRNA levels for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors (TGF-beta R), and Smad molecules were determined with real-time PCR analysis and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels.', 'TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 60% and 66% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively, compared with static control group (P < 0.01). In addition, shear stress significantly decreased TGF-beta R1 mRNA levels by 30% and 50% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively (P < 0.01). For TGF-beta R2, shear stress at 6, 12, and 24 h significantly reduced its expression by 93%, 95% and 97%, respectively, compared with static controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, shear stress significant decreased mRNA levels of positive signaling molecules Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). However, shear stress significantly increased negative signaling molecule Smad7 mRNA levels by 100% at 24 h treatment compared with static control group (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Shear Strength', 'Smad Proteins', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,312 | Is efavirenz replacement by immediate full-dose nevirapine safe in HIV-1-infected patients in Cambodia? | {
"contexts": [
"Efavirenz is used for the antiretroviral treatment of HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients in developing countries. A switch to nevirapine is regularly carried out because of the cost and side effects of efavirenz. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that nevirapine should be initiated at full dose when used as a substitute for efavirenz.",
"The aim of this study was to measure the cumulative incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to nevirapine in patients switched from efavirenz to immediate full-dose nevirapine (FDN).",
"In 2001 an antiretroviral treatment programme was initiated with the first-line regimen stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz. In 2003, the fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine was recommended. Thus, first-line therapy was changed and FDN was initiated when patients were switched from efavirenz to nevirapine.",
"Between April and December 2004, 394 patients were switched from efavirenz to FDN. The cumulative incidence of AEs related to nevirapine was 13.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.2-16.7] and that of severe AEs was 8.9% (95% CI 6.5-11.9). In women the incidence of AEs was 17.6% (95% CI 12.1-24.3) and that of severe AEs was 12.2% (95% CI 7.7-18.2)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anti-HIV Agents",
"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active",
"Benzoxazines",
"Cambodia",
"Exanthema",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV-1",
"Hepatitis",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nevirapine",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our results indicate that an FDN switch from efavirenz does not appear to result in more AEs than when nevirapine is initiated with escalating doses. These data are particularly relevant in resource-limited settings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is efavirenz replacement by immediate full-dose nevirapine safe in HIV-1-infected patients in Cambodia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Efavirenz is used for the antiretroviral treatment of HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients in developing countries. A switch to nevirapine is regularly carried out because of the cost and side effects of efavirenz. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that nevirapine should be initiated at full dose when used as a substitute for efavirenz.', 'The aim of this study was to measure the cumulative incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to nevirapine in patients switched from efavirenz to immediate full-dose nevirapine (FDN).', 'In 2001 an antiretroviral treatment programme was initiated with the first-line regimen stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz. In 2003, the fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine was recommended. Thus, first-line therapy was changed and FDN was initiated when patients were switched from efavirenz to nevirapine.', 'Between April and December 2004, 394 patients were switched from efavirenz to FDN. The cumulative incidence of AEs related to nevirapine was 13.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.2-16.7] and that of severe AEs was 8.9% (95% CI 6.5-11.9). In women the incidence of AEs was 17.6% (95% CI 12.1-24.3) and that of severe AEs was 12.2% (95% CI 7.7-18.2).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Benzoxazines', 'Cambodia', 'Exanthema', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Hepatitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nevirapine', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stevens-Johnson Syndrome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,457 | Does phase-contrast OCT imaging of transverse flow in the mouse retina and choroid? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that a novel phase-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) system can image retinal and choroidal vessels in the living mouse.",
"A high-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) system, which measures the reflections for the entire depth of the retina at once with each axial scan (A-scan), was developed for mouse retinal imaging. Acquiring multiple A-scans over a transverse line across the mouse retina offers a two-dimensional cross-sectional image (B-scan); several neighboring B-scans can be assembled into a three-dimensional OCT image. To visualize mobility and transverse flow in retinal vessels, the statistical variance of phase for each location was calculated from multiple B-scans acquired successively for the same retinal cross-section. Such measures of phase variance offer a direct measure of motions over a large dynamic range of flow velocities.",
"Three-dimensional phase-contrast images of the live mouse retina were created using multiple two-dimensional cross-sectional image slices through the retina. For the data presented here, each cross-sectional phase-contrast slice resulted from five images of 100 or 200 transverse pixels, acquired over 25 ms or 50 ms, respectively. The approach offered clear identification of motion regions at different depths, including flow in the retinal microvasculature and in the choroidal vessels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Choroid",
"Imaging, Three-Dimensional",
"Mice",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retina",
"Retinal Vessels",
"Tomography, Optical Coherence"
]
} | Phase-contrast OCT enables three-dimensional visualization of retinal and choroidal vasculature in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does phase-contrast OCT imaging of transverse flow in the mouse retina and choroid?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test the hypothesis that a novel phase-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) system can image retinal and choroidal vessels in the living mouse.', 'A high-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) system, which measures the reflections for the entire depth of the retina at once with each axial scan (A-scan), was developed for mouse retinal imaging. Acquiring multiple A-scans over a transverse line across the mouse retina offers a two-dimensional cross-sectional image (B-scan); several neighboring B-scans can be assembled into a three-dimensional OCT image. To visualize mobility and transverse flow in retinal vessels, the statistical variance of phase for each location was calculated from multiple B-scans acquired successively for the same retinal cross-section. Such measures of phase variance offer a direct measure of motions over a large dynamic range of flow velocities.', 'Three-dimensional phase-contrast images of the live mouse retina were created using multiple two-dimensional cross-sectional image slices through the retina. For the data presented here, each cross-sectional phase-contrast slice resulted from five images of 100 or 200 transverse pixels, acquired over 25 ms or 50 ms, respectively. The approach offered clear identification of motion regions at different depths, including flow in the retinal microvasculature and in the choroidal vessels.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Choroid', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Mice', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retina', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,564,333 | Are peanut-specific B and T cell responses correlated in peanut-allergic but not in non-allergic individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"We aim to find what is the relationship between B cell antibody responses and specific T cell help in the specific cases of allergy and tolerance to peanuts.",
"B cell antibody responses to foreign proteins usually depend upon antigen-specific T cell help. However, specific antibody levels can sometimes be maintained lifelong after infections or vaccination.",
"We measured peanut-specific proliferation and antibody levels in peanut-allergic and non-allergic children using tritiated thymidine incorporation and UniCAP, respectively. We also investigated the corresponding tetanus toxoid specific responses in both groups.",
"We found that tetanus-specific IgG did not correlate with lymphocyte proliferation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r'=0.08, P=0.74) nor with tetanus-specific cytokine production (IFN-gamma: r'=0.198, P=0.285; TNF-alpha: r'=0.274, P=0.146; IL-4: r'=-0.007, P=0.96; P=0.221; IL-13: r'=0.363, P=0.056). Conversely, in peanut-allergic donors, peanut-specific IgE (average 21 kU/L, median 2.27 kU/L, range 0.34-100 kU/L) but not peanut-specific IgG was positively correlated with proliferation (r'=0.751, P=0.003). In these donors, specific IgE was positively correlated with peanut-specific Th2 cytokines production: r'=0.635, P=0.02 for IL-4 and r'=0.641, P=0.025 for IL-13 and negatively correlated with Th1 cytokines (r'=-0.71, P=0.007 for IFN-gamma and r'=-0.746, P=0.005 for TNF-alpha, respectively). However, peanut-specific IgE was not correlated with T cell proliferation or cytokine production in non-allergic individuals. In conclusion, in allergic individuals, B and T cell responses to peanut antigens are correlated whereas normal immune responses B and T cell responses are uncoupled."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arachis",
"B-Lymphocytes",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Child",
"Cytokines",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Peanut Hypersensitivity",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Tetanus Toxoid"
]
} | Our results support the view that B cell responses to allergens but not those to non-allergenic proteins are correlated with specific T cell responses and therefore specific immunotherapy targeting of such T cells would inhibit allergen-specific B cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are peanut-specific B and T cell responses correlated in peanut-allergic but not in non-allergic individuals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We aim to find what is the relationship between B cell antibody responses and specific T cell help in the specific cases of allergy and tolerance to peanuts.', 'B cell antibody responses to foreign proteins usually depend upon antigen-specific T cell help. However, specific antibody levels can sometimes be maintained lifelong after infections or vaccination.', 'We measured peanut-specific proliferation and antibody levels in peanut-allergic and non-allergic children using tritiated thymidine incorporation and UniCAP, respectively. We also investigated the corresponding tetanus toxoid specific responses in both groups.', \"We found that tetanus-specific IgG did not correlate with lymphocyte proliferation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r'=0.08, P=0.74) nor with tetanus-specific cytokine production (IFN-gamma: r'=0.198, P=0.285; TNF-alpha: r'=0.274, P=0.146; IL-4: r'=-0.007, P=0.96; P=0.221; IL-13: r'=0.363, P=0.056). Conversely, in peanut-allergic donors, peanut-specific IgE (average 21 kU/L, median 2.27 kU/L, range 0.34-100 kU/L) but not peanut-specific IgG was positively correlated with proliferation (r'=0.751, P=0.003). In these donors, specific IgE was positively correlated with peanut-specific Th2 cytokines production: r'=0.635, P=0.02 for IL-4 and r'=0.641, P=0.025 for IL-13 and negatively correlated with Th1 cytokines (r'=-0.71, P=0.007 for IFN-gamma and r'=-0.746, P=0.005 for TNF-alpha, respectively). However, peanut-specific IgE was not correlated with T cell proliferation or cytokine production in non-allergic individuals. In conclusion, in allergic individuals, B and T cell responses to peanut antigens are correlated whereas normal immune responses B and T cell responses are uncoupled.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arachis', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Child', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Peanut Hypersensitivity', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tetanus Toxoid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,573,389 | Is long-term survival after cardiac surgery predicted by estimated glomerular filtration rate? | {
"contexts": [
"Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a key risk factor of in-hospital mortality. However, in patients with normal renal function before CABG, acute kidney injury develops after the procedure, making postoperative renal function assessment necessary for evaluation. Postoperative eGFR and its association with long-term survival have not been well studied.",
"We studied 13,593 consecutive CABG patients in northern New England from 2001 to 2006. Patients with preoperative dialysis were excluded. Data were linked to the Social Security Association Death Master File to assess long-term survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank techniques were used. Patients were stratified by established categories of postoperative eGFR (90 or greater, 60 to 89, 30 to 59, 15 to 29, and less than 15 mL x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)).",
"Median follow-up was 2.8 years (mean, 2.7; range, 0 to 5.5). Patients with moderate to severe acute kidney injury (less than 60) after CABG had significantly worse survival than patients with little or no acute kidney injury (90 or greater)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Kidney Injury",
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Coronary Disease",
"Creatinine",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sex Distribution",
"Survival Analysis",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Patients having moderate to severe acute kidney injury after CABG surgery had worse 5-year survival compared with patients who had normal or near-normal renal function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is long-term survival after cardiac surgery predicted by estimated glomerular filtration rate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a key risk factor of in-hospital mortality. However, in patients with normal renal function before CABG, acute kidney injury develops after the procedure, making postoperative renal function assessment necessary for evaluation. Postoperative eGFR and its association with long-term survival have not been well studied.', 'We studied 13,593 consecutive CABG patients in northern New England from 2001 to 2006. Patients with preoperative dialysis were excluded. Data were linked to the Social Security Association Death Master File to assess long-term survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank techniques were used. Patients were stratified by established categories of postoperative eGFR (90 or greater, 60 to 89, 30 to 59, 15 to 29, and less than 15 mL x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)).', 'Median follow-up was 2.8 years (mean, 2.7; range, 0 to 5.5). Patients with moderate to severe acute kidney injury (less than 60) after CABG had significantly worse survival than patients with little or no acute kidney injury (90 or greater).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,787 | Do prospero-related homeobox 1 and liver receptor homolog 1 coordinately regulate long-term proliferation of murine fetal hepatoblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"During early to late-fetal liver development, bipotential hepatoblasts proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The prospero-related homeobox 1 gene (Prox1) is expressed in hepatoblasts, and the inactivation of Prox1 causes defective early liver development, in particular, faulty migration of fetal hepatoblasts. Prox1 binds to another hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor, liver receptor homolog 1 (Lrh1), and suppresses its transcriptional activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which Prox1 and Lrh1 regulate the characteristics of fetal hepatic cells remains unknown. We investigated the contribution of Prox1 and Lrh1 in early liver development. Embryonic day 13 liver-derived CD45-Ter119-Dlk+ cells were purified as fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, and formation of colonies derived from single cells was detected under low-density culture conditions. We found that overexpression of Prox1 using retrovirus infection induced migration and proliferation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells. In contrast, overexpression of Lrh1 suppressed colony formation. Prox1 induced the long-term proliferation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, which exhibited both high proliferative activity and bipotency for differentiation. Prox1 up-regulated expression of cyclins D2, E1, and E2, whereas it suppressed expression of p16(ink4a), the cdk inhibitor. In addition, overexpression of Prox1 significantly inhibited the proximal promoter activity of p16(ink4a)."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16",
"Embryonic Development",
"Fetus",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Hepatocytes",
"Homeodomain Proteins",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear",
"Stem Cells",
"Time Factors",
"Transfection",
"Tumor Suppressor Proteins",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These results suggested that Prox1 and Lrh1 coordinately regulate development of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and that Prox1 induces fetal hepatocytic proliferation through the suppression of the promoter activity of p16(ink4a). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do prospero-related homeobox 1 and liver receptor homolog 1 coordinately regulate long-term proliferation of murine fetal hepatoblasts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During early to late-fetal liver development, bipotential hepatoblasts proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The prospero-related homeobox 1 gene (Prox1) is expressed in hepatoblasts, and the inactivation of Prox1 causes defective early liver development, in particular, faulty migration of fetal hepatoblasts. Prox1 binds to another hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor, liver receptor homolog 1 (Lrh1), and suppresses its transcriptional activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which Prox1 and Lrh1 regulate the characteristics of fetal hepatic cells remains unknown. We investigated the contribution of Prox1 and Lrh1 in early liver development. Embryonic day 13 liver-derived CD45-Ter119-Dlk+ cells were purified as fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, and formation of colonies derived from single cells was detected under low-density culture conditions. We found that overexpression of Prox1 using retrovirus infection induced migration and proliferation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells. In contrast, overexpression of Lrh1 suppressed colony formation. Prox1 induced the long-term proliferation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, which exhibited both high proliferative activity and bipotency for differentiation. Prox1 up-regulated expression of cyclins D2, E1, and E2, whereas it suppressed expression of p16(ink4a), the cdk inhibitor. In addition, overexpression of Prox1 significantly inhibited the proximal promoter activity of p16(ink4a).'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Embryonic Development', 'Fetus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Hepatocytes', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Stem Cells', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,549,508 | Does systems analysis of quantitative shRNA-library screens identify regulators of cell adhesion? | {
"contexts": [
"High throughput screens with RNA interference technology enable loss-of-function analyses of gene activities in mammalian cells. While the construction of genome-scale shRNA libraries has been successful, results of large-scale screening of those libraries can be difficult to analyze because of the relatively high noise levels and the fact that not all shRNAs in a library are equally effective in silencing gene expression.",
"We have screened a library consisting of 43,828 shRNAs directed against 8,500 human genes for functions that are necessary in cell detachment induced by a constitutively activated c-Abl tyrosine kinase. To deal with the issues of noise and uncertainty of knockdown efficiencies, we employed an analytical strategy that combines quantitative data analysis with biological knowledge, i.e. Gene Ontology and pathway information, to increase the power of the RNAi screening technique. Using this strategy we found 16 candidate genes to be involved in Abl-induced disruption of cell adhesion, and verified that the knockdown of IL6ST is associated with enhanced cell attachment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Separation",
"Cytokine Receptor gp130",
"Databases, Genetic",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Library",
"Humans",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Double-Stranded",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Semantics",
"Signal Transduction",
"Systems Analysis",
"Systems Biology",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | Our results suggest that the power of genome-wide quantitative shRNA screens can be significantly increased when analyzed using a systems biology-based approach to identify functional gene networks. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does systems analysis of quantitative shRNA-library screens identify regulators of cell adhesion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High throughput screens with RNA interference technology enable loss-of-function analyses of gene activities in mammalian cells. While the construction of genome-scale shRNA libraries has been successful, results of large-scale screening of those libraries can be difficult to analyze because of the relatively high noise levels and the fact that not all shRNAs in a library are equally effective in silencing gene expression.', 'We have screened a library consisting of 43,828 shRNAs directed against 8,500 human genes for functions that are necessary in cell detachment induced by a constitutively activated c-Abl tyrosine kinase. To deal with the issues of noise and uncertainty of knockdown efficiencies, we employed an analytical strategy that combines quantitative data analysis with biological knowledge, i.e. Gene Ontology and pathway information, to increase the power of the RNAi screening technique. Using this strategy we found 16 candidate genes to be involved in Abl-induced disruption of cell adhesion, and verified that the knockdown of IL6ST is associated with enhanced cell attachment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Separation', 'Cytokine Receptor gp130', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Double-Stranded', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Semantics', 'Signal Transduction', 'Systems Analysis', 'Systems Biology', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,332 | Are flexible regression models useful tools to calculate and assess threshold values in the context of minimum provider volumes? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to review different approaches for the derivation of threshold values and to discuss their strengths and limitations in the context of minimum provider volumes.",
"The following methods for the calculation of threshold values are compared and discussed: The value of acceptable risk limit, the value of acceptable risk gradient, the benchmark value proposed by Budtz-Jørgensen and Ulm's breakpoint model. The latter is extended to account for two different breakpoints. The methods are applied to German quality assurance data concerning total knee replacement.",
"The discussed methods for calculating threshold values differ in the kind of information that has to be specified beforehand. For the value of acceptable risk limit approach an absolute number, the acceptable risk, has to be predetermined. The value of acceptable risk gradient approach and the method of Budtz-Jørgensen require the specification of a relative change expressed in gradient and in odds, respectively. On the other hand, the threshold value according to the method of Ulm is defined as a parameter of a statistical model and no a priori specification is required."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee",
"Benchmarking",
"Female",
"Germany",
"Health Services Research",
"Hospitals",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Quality Assurance, Health Care",
"Risk Assessment",
"Surgical Wound Infection",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Each of the proposed methods has benefits and drawbacks. The choice of the most appropriate approach depends on the specific problem and the available data. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are flexible regression models useful tools to calculate and assess threshold values in the context of minimum provider volumes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim was to review different approaches for the derivation of threshold values and to discuss their strengths and limitations in the context of minimum provider volumes.', \"The following methods for the calculation of threshold values are compared and discussed: The value of acceptable risk limit, the value of acceptable risk gradient, the benchmark value proposed by Budtz-Jørgensen and Ulm's breakpoint model. The latter is extended to account for two different breakpoints. The methods are applied to German quality assurance data concerning total knee replacement.\", 'The discussed methods for calculating threshold values differ in the kind of information that has to be specified beforehand. For the value of acceptable risk limit approach an absolute number, the acceptable risk, has to be predetermined. The value of acceptable risk gradient approach and the method of Budtz-Jørgensen require the specification of a relative change expressed in gradient and in odds, respectively. On the other hand, the threshold value according to the method of Ulm is defined as a parameter of a statistical model and no a priori specification is required.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Benchmarking', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Services Research', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Risk Assessment', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,548,180 | Do total serum homocysteine levels identify cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid elderly patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Total blood homocysteine (Hcys) and folate levels have been investigated in association with cognitive dysfunction in healthy but not in multimorbid elderly patients. We hypothesized that total serum Hcys is an adequate marker to identify multimorbid elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction assessed by the Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).",
"Cross-sectional study.",
"The study center was an acute geriatric hospital.",
"A total of 189 multimorbid elderly patients were recruited.",
"Cognitive dysfunction was determined according to the SKT and MMSE. Biochemical parameters (Hcys, folate, vitamin B12, hemoglobin), nutritional status (BMI, Mini Nutritional Assessment, nutritional intake), and activities of daily living were assessed.",
"According to the SKT, 25.4% of patients showed no cerebral cognitive dysfunction, 21.2% had suspected incipient cognitive dysfunction, 12.7% showed mild cognitive dysfunction, 9.0% had moderate cognitive dysfunction, and 31.7% of patients were demented. The median plasma Hcys value was elevated by approximately 20% in multimorbid elderly patients, independent of cognitive dysfunction. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were within normal ranges. We did not find significant differences in nutritional status, activities of daily living, numbers of diseases or medications, or selected biochemical parameters between the SKT groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Eating",
"Female",
"Folic Acid",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Germany",
"Health Status Indicators",
"Hemoglobins",
"Homocysteine",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Malnutrition",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Nutrition Assessment",
"Nutritional Status",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Vitamin B 12"
]
} | Elevated serum Hcys levels with normal plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were observed in multimorbid elderly patients. The plasma Hcys level did not appear to be an important biological risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid geriatric patients. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do total serum homocysteine levels identify cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid elderly patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Total blood homocysteine (Hcys) and folate levels have been investigated in association with cognitive dysfunction in healthy but not in multimorbid elderly patients. We hypothesized that total serum Hcys is an adequate marker to identify multimorbid elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction assessed by the Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'The study center was an acute geriatric hospital.', 'A total of 189 multimorbid elderly patients were recruited.', 'Cognitive dysfunction was determined according to the SKT and MMSE. Biochemical parameters (Hcys, folate, vitamin B12, hemoglobin), nutritional status (BMI, Mini Nutritional Assessment, nutritional intake), and activities of daily living were assessed.', 'According to the SKT, 25.4% of patients showed no cerebral cognitive dysfunction, 21.2% had suspected incipient cognitive dysfunction, 12.7% showed mild cognitive dysfunction, 9.0% had moderate cognitive dysfunction, and 31.7% of patients were demented. The median plasma Hcys value was elevated by approximately 20% in multimorbid elderly patients, independent of cognitive dysfunction. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were within normal ranges. We did not find significant differences in nutritional status, activities of daily living, numbers of diseases or medications, or selected biochemical parameters between the SKT groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Germany', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Hemoglobins', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Nutritional Status', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Vitamin B 12']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,549,505 | Do curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Adipocytes express inflammatory mediators that contribute to the low-level, chronic inflammation found in obese subjects and have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disorders and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes would be expected to reverse this low-level, inflammatory state and improve cardiovascular function and insulin sensitivity. The natural products, curcumin and resveratrol, are established anti-inflammatory compounds that mediate their effects by inhibiting activation of NF-kappaB signaling. In the present study, we examined if these natural products can inhibit NF-kappaB activation in adipocytes and in doing so reduce cytokine expression.",
"Cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and COX-2 gene expression in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with or without TNFalpha-stimulation. Cytokine protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression were measured by ELISA. Effects of curcumin and resveratrol were evaluated by treating TNFalpha-stimulated adipocytes with each compound and 1) assessing the activation state of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and 2) measuring inflammatory gene expression by qRT-PCR and ELISA.",
"Both preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes express the genes for TNF-alpha, IL-6, and COX-2, key mediators of the inflammatory response. Preadipocytes were also found to express IL-1beta; however, IL-1beta expression was absent in differentiated adipocytes. TNF-alpha treatment activated NF-kappaB signaling in differentiated adipocytes by inducing IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, and as a result increased IL-6 (6-fold) and COX-2 (2.5-fold) mRNA levels. TNF-alpha also activated IL-1beta gene expression in differentiated adipocytes, but had no effect on endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA levels. No detectable TNFalpha or IL-1beta was secreted by adipocytes. Curcumin and resveratrol treatment inhibited NF-kappaB activation and resulted in a reduction of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expression (IC50 = 2 muM) and a reduction of secreted IL-6 and PGE2 (IC50 ~ 20 muM)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Curcumin and resveratrol are able to inhibit TNFalpha-activated NF-kappaB signaling in adipocytes and as a result significantly reduce cytokine expression. These data suggest that curcumin and resveratrol may provide a novel and safe approach to reduce or inhibit the chronic inflammatory properties of adipose tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adipocytes express inflammatory mediators that contribute to the low-level, chronic inflammation found in obese subjects and have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disorders and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes would be expected to reverse this low-level, inflammatory state and improve cardiovascular function and insulin sensitivity. The natural products, curcumin and resveratrol, are established anti-inflammatory compounds that mediate their effects by inhibiting activation of NF-kappaB signaling. In the present study, we examined if these natural products can inhibit NF-kappaB activation in adipocytes and in doing so reduce cytokine expression.', 'Cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and COX-2 gene expression in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with or without TNFalpha-stimulation. Cytokine protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression were measured by ELISA. Effects of curcumin and resveratrol were evaluated by treating TNFalpha-stimulated adipocytes with each compound and 1) assessing the activation state of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and 2) measuring inflammatory gene expression by qRT-PCR and ELISA.', 'Both preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes express the genes for TNF-alpha, IL-6, and COX-2, key mediators of the inflammatory response. Preadipocytes were also found to express IL-1beta; however, IL-1beta expression was absent in differentiated adipocytes. TNF-alpha treatment activated NF-kappaB signaling in differentiated adipocytes by inducing IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, and as a result increased IL-6 (6-fold) and COX-2 (2.5-fold) mRNA levels. TNF-alpha also activated IL-1beta gene expression in differentiated adipocytes, but had no effect on endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA levels. No detectable TNFalpha or IL-1beta was secreted by adipocytes. Curcumin and resveratrol treatment inhibited NF-kappaB activation and resulted in a reduction of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expression (IC50 = 2 muM) and a reduction of secreted IL-6 and PGE2 (IC50 ~ 20 muM).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,543,322 | Is perinucleolar compartment prevalence a phenotypic pancancer marker of malignancy? | {
"contexts": [
"The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a subnuclear structure localized at the nucleolar periphery. Previous studies using breast cancer as a model system demonstrated that PNC prevalence (the percentage of cells with 1 or more PNC) increased with disease progression and was associated with poor patient outcomes.",
"To evaluate the validity of developing PNC prevalence as a novel pancancer prognostic marker, the authors investigated whether PNC prevalence was correlated with malignancy in a spectrum of tissue types and evaluated its selective association with malignancy under various experimental conditions.",
"PNC prevalence was low in primary and immortalized cells and in cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies, but it was heterogeneous in cell lines derived from solid tumors, including those of epithelial and nonepithelial origins. Studies using human myometrial tissue and thyroid cancer cell lines with various levels of malignancy demonstrated a correlation between high PNC prevalence and malignant potential. Furthermore, PNC prevalence corresponded directly to metastatic capacities in a series of well characterized cell lines of the same origin that were selected for various levels of metastatic capacity in a mouse model. Conversely, PNC prevalence was reduced experimentally by over expressing an antimetastatic protein in breast cancer cells. However, PNC prevalence was not associated with traits that were shared by both cancer and normal cells, including proliferation, glycolysis, and differentiation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Nucleolus",
"Humans",
"Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasms",
"Phenotype"
]
} | Together, these observations helped to verify that PNC prevalence selectively represents malignancy in a broad spectrum of solid tissue tumors, demonstrating its potential to be developed as a pancancer prognostic marker of malignancy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is perinucleolar compartment prevalence a phenotypic pancancer marker of malignancy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a subnuclear structure localized at the nucleolar periphery. Previous studies using breast cancer as a model system demonstrated that PNC prevalence (the percentage of cells with 1 or more PNC) increased with disease progression and was associated with poor patient outcomes.', 'To evaluate the validity of developing PNC prevalence as a novel pancancer prognostic marker, the authors investigated whether PNC prevalence was correlated with malignancy in a spectrum of tissue types and evaluated its selective association with malignancy under various experimental conditions.', 'PNC prevalence was low in primary and immortalized cells and in cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies, but it was heterogeneous in cell lines derived from solid tumors, including those of epithelial and nonepithelial origins. Studies using human myometrial tissue and thyroid cancer cell lines with various levels of malignancy demonstrated a correlation between high PNC prevalence and malignant potential. Furthermore, PNC prevalence corresponded directly to metastatic capacities in a series of well characterized cell lines of the same origin that were selected for various levels of metastatic capacity in a mouse model. Conversely, PNC prevalence was reduced experimentally by over expressing an antimetastatic protein in breast cancer cells. However, PNC prevalence was not associated with traits that were shared by both cancer and normal cells, including proliferation, glycolysis, and differentiation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleolus', 'Humans', 'Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasms', 'Phenotype']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,561,985 | Are smooth muscle cells , dendritic cells and mast cells sources of TNFalpha and nitric oxide in human carotid artery atherosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In atherogenesis, dendritic cells, beside presenting antigens, may be sources of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and nitric oxide (NO), together with mast cells and smooth muscle cells.",
"We have looked at the expression of TNFalpha and inducible NO synthase (iNOs) by these cells by affinity cytochemistry in autoptical specimens from normal carotid arteries and not ruptured, hemorrhagic or calcified atheromata.",
"Round to dendritic, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II+) cells and avidin-labeled mast cells were rare in normal arteries and significantly more numerous in atheromata. Many MHC-II+ cells expressed S-100 antigen; while a few were positive for phalloidin; appreciable fractions of these cells were immunoreactive for TNFalpha and iNOs, both in control specimens and atheromata. The fraction of mast cells labeled for iNOs was significantly lower in atheromata than in controls. Phalloidin positive cells were the most abundant cell type in the normal intima and atheromata; the fractions of these cells labeled for TNFalpha and iNOs were significantly higher in atheromata than in controls. Very few of these cells were also labeled for MHC-II. Computerized image analysis confirmed that the amounts of iNOs and TNFalpha were higher in atheromata than in controls. The increase in TNFalpha in atheromata was also confirmed by western blot."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Female",
"Histocompatibility Antigens Class II",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II",
"S100 Proteins",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Dendritic cells and mast cells can participate to the generation of TNFalpha and NO in the normal arterial wall and in atheromata, but myointimal cells are candidates as major sources of these molecules. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are smooth muscle cells , dendritic cells and mast cells sources of TNFalpha and nitric oxide in human carotid artery atherosclerosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In atherogenesis, dendritic cells, beside presenting antigens, may be sources of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and nitric oxide (NO), together with mast cells and smooth muscle cells.', 'We have looked at the expression of TNFalpha and inducible NO synthase (iNOs) by these cells by affinity cytochemistry in autoptical specimens from normal carotid arteries and not ruptured, hemorrhagic or calcified atheromata.', 'Round to dendritic, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II+) cells and avidin-labeled mast cells were rare in normal arteries and significantly more numerous in atheromata. Many MHC-II+ cells expressed S-100 antigen; while a few were positive for phalloidin; appreciable fractions of these cells were immunoreactive for TNFalpha and iNOs, both in control specimens and atheromata. The fraction of mast cells labeled for iNOs was significantly lower in atheromata than in controls. Phalloidin positive cells were the most abundant cell type in the normal intima and atheromata; the fractions of these cells labeled for TNFalpha and iNOs were significantly higher in atheromata than in controls. Very few of these cells were also labeled for MHC-II. Computerized image analysis confirmed that the amounts of iNOs and TNFalpha were higher in atheromata than in controls. The increase in TNFalpha in atheromata was also confirmed by western blot.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'S100 Proteins', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,962 | Does mDM2SNP309 associate with elevated MDM2 protein expression or breast cancer risk? | {
"contexts": [
"SNP309 polymorphism (T-G) at the promoter region of MDM2 has been reported to cause increased binding affinity of transcriptional activator Sp1 followed by increased MDM2 both in mRNA and protein level. This model was proposed in vitro in the small panel of cell lines that indicated an on average 8-fold higher level of MDM2 mRNA in cells bearing the GG genotype.",
"The incidence of SNP309 was determined in a cohort of 158 breast, 17 endometrium, 13 cervix and 45 ovarian cancer tissues by PCR-RFLP. The expression of p53 and MDM2 protein levels in the cohort was immunohistochemically investigated and statistically correlated with SNP309 polymorphism using Pearson chi(2) and t test.",
"No significant difference was observed in the G allele incidence in breast cancer specimens compared to 149 noncancer controls. Furthermore, no statistically significant association of the G allele frequencies and p53 and MDM2 protein expression levels was observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alleles",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Genital Neoplasms, Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Our data clearly show neither association between SNP309 and cancer risk, nor the responsibility of G allele for increased MDM2 or decreased of p53 protein levels in human primary breast tumors. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mDM2SNP309 associate with elevated MDM2 protein expression or breast cancer risk?\nContext: {'contexts': ['SNP309 polymorphism (T-G) at the promoter region of MDM2 has been reported to cause increased binding affinity of transcriptional activator Sp1 followed by increased MDM2 both in mRNA and protein level. This model was proposed in vitro in the small panel of cell lines that indicated an on average 8-fold higher level of MDM2 mRNA in cells bearing the GG genotype.', 'The incidence of SNP309 was determined in a cohort of 158 breast, 17 endometrium, 13 cervix and 45 ovarian cancer tissues by PCR-RFLP. The expression of p53 and MDM2 protein levels in the cohort was immunohistochemically investigated and statistically correlated with SNP309 polymorphism using Pearson chi(2) and t test.', 'No significant difference was observed in the G allele incidence in breast cancer specimens compared to 149 noncancer controls. Furthermore, no statistically significant association of the G allele frequencies and p53 and MDM2 protein expression levels was observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,563,786 | Is urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment mainly caused by surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Urinary dysfunction (UD) is common after rectal cancer treatment, but the contribution of each treatment component (surgery and radiotherapy) to its development remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate UD during 5 years after total mesorectal excision (TME) and to investigate the influence of preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) and surgical factors.",
"Patients with operable rectal cancer were randomized to TME with or without PRT. Questionnaires concerning UD were completed by 785 patients before and at several time points after surgery. Possible risk factors, including PRT, demographics, tumour location, and type and extent of resection, were investigated by multivariable regression analysis.",
"Long-term incontinence was reported by 38.1 per cent of patients, of whom 72.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative incontinence (relative risk (RR) 2.75, P = 0.001) and female sex (RR 2.77, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Long-term difficulty in bladder emptying was reported by 30.6 per cent of patients, of whom 65.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative difficulty in bladder emptying (RR 2.94, P < 0.001), peroperative blood loss (RR 1.73, P = 0.028) and autonomic nerve damage (RR 2.82, P = 0.024) were independent risk factors. PRT was not associated with UD."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Intraoperative Complications",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Radiotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Rectum",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Urinary Tract",
"Urination Disorders"
]
} | UD is a significant clinical problem after rectal cancer treatment and is not related to PRT, but rather to surgical nerve damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment mainly caused by surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Urinary dysfunction (UD) is common after rectal cancer treatment, but the contribution of each treatment component (surgery and radiotherapy) to its development remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate UD during 5 years after total mesorectal excision (TME) and to investigate the influence of preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) and surgical factors.', 'Patients with operable rectal cancer were randomized to TME with or without PRT. Questionnaires concerning UD were completed by 785 patients before and at several time points after surgery. Possible risk factors, including PRT, demographics, tumour location, and type and extent of resection, were investigated by multivariable regression analysis.', 'Long-term incontinence was reported by 38.1 per cent of patients, of whom 72.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative incontinence (relative risk (RR) 2.75, P = 0.001) and female sex (RR 2.77, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Long-term difficulty in bladder emptying was reported by 30.6 per cent of patients, of whom 65.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative difficulty in bladder emptying (RR 2.94, P < 0.001), peroperative blood loss (RR 1.73, P = 0.028) and autonomic nerve damage (RR 2.82, P = 0.024) were independent risk factors. PRT was not associated with UD.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Rectum', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Tract', 'Urination Disorders']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,567 | Is pPARgamma involved in mesalazine-mediated induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Mesalazine has been identified as a candidate chemopreventive agent in colon cancer prophylaxis because of its pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. However, the precise mechanisms of action are not entirely understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in mesalazine's anticarcinogenic actions in colorectal cancer cells.",
"The effects of mesalazine on cell cycle distribution, cell count, proliferation and caspase-mediated apoptosis were examined in Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-116 cells used as wild-type, dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant and empty vector cultures. We focused on caspase-3 activity, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8 and caspase-9, as well as on expression of survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (Xiap), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome ten (PTEN) and c-Myc. Techniques employed included transfection assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry analysis, colorimetric and fluorometric assays.",
"Mesalazine caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in both cell growth and proliferation. Growth inhibition was accompanied by a G1/G0 arrest, a significant increase in PTEN, caspase-3 activity, cleavage of PARP and caspase-8, whereas the expressions of Xiap, survivin and c-Myc were decreased simultaneously. Cleavage of caspase-9 was not observed. Moreover, PPARgamma expression and activity were elevated. The growth-inhibitory effect of mesalazine was partially reduced in dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant cells, whereas the expression of c-Myc was not affected. Mesalazine-mediated increased caspase-3 activity, the expression of PTEN, cleavage of PARP and caspase-8 as well as reduced levels of survivin and Xiap were completely abolished in the PPARgamma mutant cell lines."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Caco-2 Cells",
"Caspase 3",
"Caspase 8",
"Cell Cycle",
"Cell Growth Processes",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Down-Regulation",
"HCT116 Cells",
"HT29 Cells",
"Humans",
"Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins",
"Mesalamine",
"PPAR gamma",
"PTEN Phosphohydrolase",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc",
"Signal Transduction",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | This study clearly demonstrates that mesalazine-mediated pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions are regulated via PPARgamma-dependent and -independent pathways in colonocytes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pPARgamma involved in mesalazine-mediated induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in colon cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Mesalazine has been identified as a candidate chemopreventive agent in colon cancer prophylaxis because of its pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. However, the precise mechanisms of action are not entirely understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in mesalazine's anticarcinogenic actions in colorectal cancer cells.\", 'The effects of mesalazine on cell cycle distribution, cell count, proliferation and caspase-mediated apoptosis were examined in Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-116 cells used as wild-type, dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant and empty vector cultures. We focused on caspase-3 activity, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8 and caspase-9, as well as on expression of survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (Xiap), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome ten (PTEN) and c-Myc. Techniques employed included transfection assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry analysis, colorimetric and fluorometric assays.', 'Mesalazine caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in both cell growth and proliferation. Growth inhibition was accompanied by a G1/G0 arrest, a significant increase in PTEN, caspase-3 activity, cleavage of PARP and caspase-8, whereas the expressions of Xiap, survivin and c-Myc were decreased simultaneously. Cleavage of caspase-9 was not observed. Moreover, PPARgamma expression and activity were elevated. The growth-inhibitory effect of mesalazine was partially reduced in dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant cells, whereas the expression of c-Myc was not affected. Mesalazine-mediated increased caspase-3 activity, the expression of PTEN, cleavage of PARP and caspase-8 as well as reduced levels of survivin and Xiap were completely abolished in the PPARgamma mutant cell lines.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase 8', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Down-Regulation', 'HCT116 Cells', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Mesalamine', 'PPAR gamma', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,283 | Does antidepressant treatment normalize hypoactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional interference processing in major depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Major depression (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing and deficits in cognitive control. In cognitive interference tasks, patients with MDD have shown excessive amygdala activity and under-recruitment of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antidepressant treatment on anomalous neural activity in cognitive-control and emotion-processing circuitry.",
"Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on depressed patients (n=23) (both before and after antidepressant treatment) compared with matched controls (n=18) while they performed a cognitive task involving attended and unattended fear-related stimuli.",
"After eight weeks of SSRI antidepressant treatment, patients with depression showed significantly increased DLPFC activity to unattended fear-related stimuli and no longer differed from controls in either DLPFC or amygdala activity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Amygdala",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Attention",
"Cognition",
"Control Groups",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Emotions",
"Fear",
"Female",
"Functional Laterality",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Neural Pathways",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Recruitment, Neurophysiological",
"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors",
"Task Performance and Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These results suggest that antidepressant treatment increases DLPFC under-activity during cognitive tasks that include emotional interference. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does antidepressant treatment normalize hypoactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional interference processing in major depression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Major depression (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing and deficits in cognitive control. In cognitive interference tasks, patients with MDD have shown excessive amygdala activity and under-recruitment of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antidepressant treatment on anomalous neural activity in cognitive-control and emotion-processing circuitry.', 'Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on depressed patients (n=23) (both before and after antidepressant treatment) compared with matched controls (n=18) while they performed a cognitive task involving attended and unattended fear-related stimuli.', 'After eight weeks of SSRI antidepressant treatment, patients with depression showed significantly increased DLPFC activity to unattended fear-related stimuli and no longer differed from controls in either DLPFC or amygdala activity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Amygdala', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Attention', 'Cognition', 'Control Groups', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Emotions', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Recruitment, Neurophysiological', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,557,828 | Do 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord , cord blood and bone marrow generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies? | {
"contexts": [
"Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into such lineages as bone, fat, cartilage and stromal cells that support haemopoiesis. Bone marrow MSCs can also contribute to cardiac repair, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, we examine the potential of MSCs from different sources to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro, as a means for predicting their therapeutic potential after myocardial infarction.",
"Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the perivascular tissue and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord and from cord blood. Their immunophenotype and differentiation potential to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and cardiomyoxcytes in vitro was compared with those of bone marrow MSCs.",
"Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord and cord blood were phenotypically similar to bone marrow MSCs, the exception being in the expression of CD106, which was absent on umbilical cord MSCs, and CD146 that was highly expressed in cord blood MSCs. They have variable abilities to give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, with bone marrow MSCs being the most robust. While a small proportion (approximately 0.07%) of bone marrow MSCs could generate cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, those from umbilical cord and cord blood did not express cardiac markers either spontaneously or after treatment with 5-azacytidine."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipocytes",
"Adult",
"Antigens, Differentiation",
"Azacitidine",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Lineage",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chondrocytes",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Fetal Blood",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cells",
"Muscle Proteins",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Organ Specificity",
"Osteoblasts",
"Umbilical Cord"
]
} | Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord , cord blood and bone marrow generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into such lineages as bone, fat, cartilage and stromal cells that support haemopoiesis. Bone marrow MSCs can also contribute to cardiac repair, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, we examine the potential of MSCs from different sources to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro, as a means for predicting their therapeutic potential after myocardial infarction.', \"Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the perivascular tissue and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord and from cord blood. Their immunophenotype and differentiation potential to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and cardiomyoxcytes in vitro was compared with those of bone marrow MSCs.\", 'Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord and cord blood were phenotypically similar to bone marrow MSCs, the exception being in the expression of CD106, which was absent on umbilical cord MSCs, and CD146 that was highly expressed in cord blood MSCs. They have variable abilities to give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, with bone marrow MSCs being the most robust. While a small proportion (approximately 0.07%) of bone marrow MSCs could generate cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, those from umbilical cord and cord blood did not express cardiac markers either spontaneously or after treatment with 5-azacytidine.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipocytes', 'Adult', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Azacitidine', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Fetal Blood', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Organ Specificity', 'Osteoblasts', 'Umbilical Cord']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
18,552,372 | Do cooling strategies improve intermittent sprint performance in the heat of athletes with tetraplegia? | {
"contexts": [
"Precooling has been shown to enhance performance in repeated sprint exercise in able-bodied subjects in a hot environment. Spinal cord injury causes thermoregulatory impairment with a detrimental effect on performance. This study assessed whether cooling strategies before and during exercise in the heat enhances sprint performance in athletes with tetraplegia.",
"Eight male athletes with tetraplegia performed intermittent arm crank exercise in the heat (32.0 degrees C (0.1 degrees C); humidity, 50% (0.1%)) for a maximum of 60 min or until exhaustion. Trials involved a no-cooling control (CON), precooling (PRE) or cooling during exercise (DUR). Each intermittent sprint protocol consisted of varied periods of passive rest, maximal sprinting and active recovery.",
"Both PRE and DUR cooling strategies improved the ability of the athletes to repeatedly perform high-intensity sprints, with times to exhaustion (TTE), whereas during the CON trial, athletes demonstrated a reduction in the total number of sprints and TTE (47.2 (10.8), 52.8 (5.8) and 36.2 (9.6) min for CON, PRE and DUR, respectively). Core temperature was significantly higher for CON (37.3 degrees C (0.3 degrees C)) when compared with both PRE and DUR (36.5 degrees C (0.6 degrees C) and 37.0 degrees C (0.5 degrees C), respectively, p<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion and thermal sensation upon exhaustion or completion were not different."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Athletic Performance",
"Body Temperature",
"Body Temperature Regulation",
"Exercise",
"Hot Temperature",
"Humans",
"Hyperthermia, Induced",
"Male",
"Quadriplegia",
"Running",
"Spinal Cord Injuries"
]
} | Athletes with tetraplegia should use a precooling or during-exercise cooling strategy specific to the characteristics of their sport when exercising in hot conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cooling strategies improve intermittent sprint performance in the heat of athletes with tetraplegia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Precooling has been shown to enhance performance in repeated sprint exercise in able-bodied subjects in a hot environment. Spinal cord injury causes thermoregulatory impairment with a detrimental effect on performance. This study assessed whether cooling strategies before and during exercise in the heat enhances sprint performance in athletes with tetraplegia.', 'Eight male athletes with tetraplegia performed intermittent arm crank exercise in the heat (32.0 degrees C (0.1 degrees C); humidity, 50% (0.1%)) for a maximum of 60 min or until exhaustion. Trials involved a no-cooling control (CON), precooling (PRE) or cooling during exercise (DUR). Each intermittent sprint protocol consisted of varied periods of passive rest, maximal sprinting and active recovery.', 'Both PRE and DUR cooling strategies improved the ability of the athletes to repeatedly perform high-intensity sprints, with times to exhaustion (TTE), whereas during the CON trial, athletes demonstrated a reduction in the total number of sprints and TTE (47.2 (10.8), 52.8 (5.8) and 36.2 (9.6) min for CON, PRE and DUR, respectively). Core temperature was significantly higher for CON (37.3 degrees C (0.3 degrees C)) when compared with both PRE and DUR (36.5 degrees C (0.6 degrees C) and 37.0 degrees C (0.5 degrees C), respectively, p<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion and thermal sensation upon exhaustion or completion were not different.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Athletic Performance', 'Body Temperature', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Exercise', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Quadriplegia', 'Running', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,611 | Are concerted potent humoral immune responses to autoantigens associated with tumor destruction and favorable clinical outcomes without autoimmunity? | {
"contexts": [
"The therapeutic importance of immune responses against single versus multiple antigens is poorly understood. There also remains insufficient understanding whether responses to one subset of antigens are more significant than another. Autoantibodies are frequent in cancer patients. They can pose no biological significance or lead to debilitating paraneoplastic syndromes. Autoreactivity has been associated with clinical benefits, but the magnitude necessary for meaningful results is unknown. Autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor generate immune infiltrates in preexisting metastases with associated tumor destruction. We sought to identify targets of responses from this vaccination strategy.",
"Postvaccination sera used in screening a cDNA expression library prepared from a densely infiltrated metastasis of a long-term surviving melanoma patient identified several autoantigens. Additional autoantigens were identified through similar screenings in non-small cell lung cancer and murine models, and proteins implicated in cancer propagation. ELISAs for several targets were established using recombinant proteins, whereas others were evaluated by petit serologies.",
"Eleven gene products were identified through serologic screening from two patients showing highly favorable clinical outcomes. A subset of antigens revealed significant changes in antibody titers compared with weak responses to other proteins. Time course analyses showed coordinated enhanced titers against several targets as a function of vaccination in responding patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibody Formation",
"Autoantigens",
"Autoimmunity",
"Cancer Vaccines",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Humans",
"Immunotherapy",
"Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating",
"Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | This study shows the range of biologically significant antigens resulting from a whole-cell vaccine. Targets include autoantigens that are components of cell cycle regulation. Potent antibody responses against multiple autoantigens are associated with effective tumor destruction without clinical autoimmunity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are concerted potent humoral immune responses to autoantigens associated with tumor destruction and favorable clinical outcomes without autoimmunity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The therapeutic importance of immune responses against single versus multiple antigens is poorly understood. There also remains insufficient understanding whether responses to one subset of antigens are more significant than another. Autoantibodies are frequent in cancer patients. They can pose no biological significance or lead to debilitating paraneoplastic syndromes. Autoreactivity has been associated with clinical benefits, but the magnitude necessary for meaningful results is unknown. Autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor generate immune infiltrates in preexisting metastases with associated tumor destruction. We sought to identify targets of responses from this vaccination strategy.', 'Postvaccination sera used in screening a cDNA expression library prepared from a densely infiltrated metastasis of a long-term surviving melanoma patient identified several autoantigens. Additional autoantigens were identified through similar screenings in non-small cell lung cancer and murine models, and proteins implicated in cancer propagation. ELISAs for several targets were established using recombinant proteins, whereas others were evaluated by petit serologies.', 'Eleven gene products were identified through serologic screening from two patients showing highly favorable clinical outcomes. A subset of antigens revealed significant changes in antibody titers compared with weak responses to other proteins. Time course analyses showed coordinated enhanced titers against several targets as a function of vaccination in responding patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibody Formation', 'Autoantigens', 'Autoimmunity', 'Cancer Vaccines', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,616 | Do oncogenic and angiogenic growth factors accumulate during routine storage of apheresis platelet concentrates? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelet concentrates are important for support of patients with malignancies requiring myelotoxic chemotherapy. During storage, 10% to 15% of platelets may become activated resulting in the release of alpha-granules, which contain growth factors. We hypothesize that, during storage, growth factors accumulate in the plasma, specifically platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor-2, which may adversely affect cancer patients.",
"The concentrations of growth factors were measured by ELISA from the plasma of apheresis platelets serially throughout storage (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) and compared with concentrations in fresh plasma from healthy blood donors. Washing was evaluated as a method of growth factor removal, and an in vitro model of platelet transfusion in a patient receiving Bevacizumab (Avastin) using immunoprecipitation was employed to determine if Bevacizumab would be bound by the VEGF in apheresis platelets.",
"VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta were increased on day 1 versus fresh plasma and throughout storage reaching a relative maximum at outdate (P < 0.01, day 5 or 7). Fibroblast growth factor-2 concentrations were significantly increased on day 7 alone versus day 1 or to fresh plasma (P < 0.01). Washing removed 41 +/- 11% to 56 +/- 2% of the growth factors. Bevacizumab effectively bound the VEGF from apheresis platelets, with significant amounts of VEGF remaining in the supernatant."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiogenesis Inhibitors",
"Angiogenic Proteins",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized",
"Bevacizumab",
"Blood Preservation",
"Carcinogens",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Plateletpheresis",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Significant amounts of growth factors are present in apheresis platelets due to the isolation procedures, and these concentrations increase over storage, which may be partially removed by washing. In addition, apheresis platelet transfusion could affect cancer treatment by binding monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factors of tumor origin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do oncogenic and angiogenic growth factors accumulate during routine storage of apheresis platelet concentrates?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Platelet concentrates are important for support of patients with malignancies requiring myelotoxic chemotherapy. During storage, 10% to 15% of platelets may become activated resulting in the release of alpha-granules, which contain growth factors. We hypothesize that, during storage, growth factors accumulate in the plasma, specifically platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor-2, which may adversely affect cancer patients.', 'The concentrations of growth factors were measured by ELISA from the plasma of apheresis platelets serially throughout storage (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) and compared with concentrations in fresh plasma from healthy blood donors. Washing was evaluated as a method of growth factor removal, and an in vitro model of platelet transfusion in a patient receiving Bevacizumab (Avastin) using immunoprecipitation was employed to determine if Bevacizumab would be bound by the VEGF in apheresis platelets.', 'VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta were increased on day 1 versus fresh plasma and throughout storage reaching a relative maximum at outdate (P < 0.01, day 5 or 7). Fibroblast growth factor-2 concentrations were significantly increased on day 7 alone versus day 1 or to fresh plasma (P < 0.01). Washing removed 41 +/- 11% to 56 +/- 2% of the growth factors. Bevacizumab effectively bound the VEGF from apheresis platelets, with significant amounts of VEGF remaining in the supernatant.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Angiogenic Proteins', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Blood Preservation', 'Carcinogens', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Plateletpheresis', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,615 | Does intratumoral coadministration of hyaluronidase enzyme and oncolytic adenoviruses enhance virus potency in metastatic tumor models? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluate the codelivery of hyaluronidase enzyme with oncolytic adenoviruses to determine whether it improves the spread of the virus throughout tumors, thereby leading to a greater overall antitumor efficacy in tumor models.",
"The optimal dose of hyaluronidase that provided best transduction efficiency and spread of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing adenovirus within tumors was combined with oncolytic viruses in tumor models to determine whether the combination treatment results in an improvement of antitumor efficacy.",
"In mice injected with the adenovirus Ad5/35GFP and an optimal dose of hyaluronidase (50 U), a significant increase in the number of GFP-expressing cells was observed when compared with animals injected with virus only (P < 0.0001). When the oncolytic adenoviruses Ad5OV or Ad5/35 OV (OV-5 or OV5T35H) were codelivered with 50 U of hyaluronidase, a significant delay in tumor progression was observed, which translated into a significant increase in the mean survival time of tumor-bearing mice compared with either of the monotherapy-treated groups (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the mice that received the combination of Ad5/35 OV and hyaluronidase showed the best antitumor efficacy. Importantly, the combination treatment did not increase the metastatic potential of the tumors. Lastly, the increase in virus potency observed in animals injected with both enzyme and virus correlated with enhanced virus spread throughout tumors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Animals",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronoglucosaminidase",
"Injections, Intralesional",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Nude",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Oncolytic Virotherapy",
"Oncolytic Viruses",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Virus Replication",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | Antitumor activity and overall survival of mice bearing highly aggressive tumors are significantly improved by codelivery of oncolytic adenoviruses and hyaluronidase when compared with either of the monotherapy-treated groups, and it may prove to be a potent and novel approach to treating patients with cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does intratumoral coadministration of hyaluronidase enzyme and oncolytic adenoviruses enhance virus potency in metastatic tumor models?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evaluate the codelivery of hyaluronidase enzyme with oncolytic adenoviruses to determine whether it improves the spread of the virus throughout tumors, thereby leading to a greater overall antitumor efficacy in tumor models.', 'The optimal dose of hyaluronidase that provided best transduction efficiency and spread of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing adenovirus within tumors was combined with oncolytic viruses in tumor models to determine whether the combination treatment results in an improvement of antitumor efficacy.', 'In mice injected with the adenovirus Ad5/35GFP and an optimal dose of hyaluronidase (50 U), a significant increase in the number of GFP-expressing cells was observed when compared with animals injected with virus only (P < 0.0001). When the oncolytic adenoviruses Ad5OV or Ad5/35 OV (OV-5 or OV5T35H) were codelivered with 50 U of hyaluronidase, a significant delay in tumor progression was observed, which translated into a significant increase in the mean survival time of tumor-bearing mice compared with either of the monotherapy-treated groups (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the mice that received the combination of Ad5/35 OV and hyaluronidase showed the best antitumor efficacy. Importantly, the combination treatment did not increase the metastatic potential of the tumors. Lastly, the increase in virus potency observed in animals injected with both enzyme and virus correlated with enhanced virus spread throughout tumors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronoglucosaminidase', 'Injections, Intralesional', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Oncolytic Virotherapy', 'Oncolytic Viruses', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Virus Replication', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,614 | Does tumor vascular maturation and improved drug delivery induced by methylselenocysteine lead to therapeutic synergy with anticancer drugs? | {
"contexts": [
"Our previously reported therapeutic synergy between naturally occurring seleno-amino acid methylselenocysteine (MSC) and anticancer drugs could not be shown in vitro. Studies were carried out to investigate the potential role of MSC-induced tumor vascular maturation and increased drug delivery in the observed therapeutic synergy in vivo.",
"Mice bearing s.c. FaDu human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts were treated with MSC (0.2 mg/d x 14 days orally). Changes in microvessel density (CD31), vascular maturation (CD31/alpha-smooth muscle actin), perfusion (Hoechst 33342/DiOC7), and permeability (dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging) were determined at the end of the 14-day treatment period. Additionally, the effect of MSC on drug delivery was investigated by determining intratumoral concentration of doxorubicin using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence microscopy.",
"Double immunostaining of tumor sections revealed a marked reduction ( approximately 40%) in microvessel density accompanying tumor growth inhibition following MSC treatment along with a concomitant increase in the vascular maturation index ( approximately 30% > control) indicative of increased pericyte coverage of microvessels. Hoechst 33342/DiOC7 staining showed improved vessel functionality, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using the intravascular contrast agent, albumin-GdDTPA, revealed a significant reduction in vascular permeability following MSC treatment. Consistent with these observations, a 4-fold increase in intratumoral doxorubicin levels was observed with MSC pretreatment compared with administration of doxorubicin alone."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Capillary Permeability",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cysteine",
"Drug Delivery Systems",
"Drug Synergism",
"Female",
"Head and Neck Neoplasms",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Mice, Nude",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Organoselenium Compounds",
"Selenocysteine",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | These results show, for the first time, the antiangiogenic effects of MSC results in tumor growth inhibition, vascular maturation in vivo, and enhanced anticancer drug delivery that are associated with the observed therapeutic synergy in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tumor vascular maturation and improved drug delivery induced by methylselenocysteine lead to therapeutic synergy with anticancer drugs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our previously reported therapeutic synergy between naturally occurring seleno-amino acid methylselenocysteine (MSC) and anticancer drugs could not be shown in vitro. Studies were carried out to investigate the potential role of MSC-induced tumor vascular maturation and increased drug delivery in the observed therapeutic synergy in vivo.', 'Mice bearing s.c. FaDu human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts were treated with MSC (0.2 mg/d x 14 days orally). Changes in microvessel density (CD31), vascular maturation (CD31/alpha-smooth muscle actin), perfusion (Hoechst 33342/DiOC7), and permeability (dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging) were determined at the end of the 14-day treatment period. Additionally, the effect of MSC on drug delivery was investigated by determining intratumoral concentration of doxorubicin using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence microscopy.', 'Double immunostaining of tumor sections revealed a marked reduction ( approximately 40%) in microvessel density accompanying tumor growth inhibition following MSC treatment along with a concomitant increase in the vascular maturation index ( approximately 30% > control) indicative of increased pericyte coverage of microvessels. Hoechst 33342/DiOC7 staining showed improved vessel functionality, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using the intravascular contrast agent, albumin-GdDTPA, revealed a significant reduction in vascular permeability following MSC treatment. Consistent with these observations, a 4-fold increase in intratumoral doxorubicin levels was observed with MSC pretreatment compared with administration of doxorubicin alone.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cysteine', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Organoselenium Compounds', 'Selenocysteine', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,572,408 | Does electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 attenuate orthotopic tracheal allograft stenosis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Electroporation has been shown to increase the efficacy of intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA, resulting in a higher level of foreign gene expression. Using this technique, we examined the effect of viral IL-10 gene transfer on the prevention of tracheal allograft stenosis in an animal model.",
"On the day of tracheal transplantation, recipient Lewis rats were intramuscularly injected with either plasmid pCAGGS-LacZ or plasmid pCAGGS-viral IL-10, followed immediately by electroporation. Tracheas from Brown Norway donors were transplanted into the backs of Lewis recipients, and the histology of the grafts were assessed 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation.",
"The serum level of IL-10 peaked at 2000 pg/ml one day after injection; the level then slowly decreased, but was maintained above 1000 pg/ml until 8 days after injection. At Day 28, the airway lumina of the tracheal allografts were almost completely obliterated by fibroproliferative tissue in the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats. In rats injected once with pCAGGS-viral IL-10, luminal obliteration was significantly decreased compared with the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats (mean luminal opening 46.8% vs 0% p<0.05). The loss of epithelial cells lining the airway was also decreased in the IL-10-treated group (mean epithelial coverage 42% vs 5% p<0.05). Multiple injections with pCAGGS-viral IL-10 did not further improve the histological changes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bronchiolitis Obliterans",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"DNA, Viral",
"Electroporation",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Injections, Intramuscular",
"Interleukin-10",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Trachea",
"Tracheal Stenosis",
"Transgenes",
"Transplantation, Homologous"
]
} | IL-10 gene transfer by intramuscular injection using electroporation attenuated tracheal allograft stenosis associated with mild epithelial injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 attenuate orthotopic tracheal allograft stenosis in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Electroporation has been shown to increase the efficacy of intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA, resulting in a higher level of foreign gene expression. Using this technique, we examined the effect of viral IL-10 gene transfer on the prevention of tracheal allograft stenosis in an animal model.', 'On the day of tracheal transplantation, recipient Lewis rats were intramuscularly injected with either plasmid pCAGGS-LacZ or plasmid pCAGGS-viral IL-10, followed immediately by electroporation. Tracheas from Brown Norway donors were transplanted into the backs of Lewis recipients, and the histology of the grafts were assessed 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation.', 'The serum level of IL-10 peaked at 2000 pg/ml one day after injection; the level then slowly decreased, but was maintained above 1000 pg/ml until 8 days after injection. At Day 28, the airway lumina of the tracheal allografts were almost completely obliterated by fibroproliferative tissue in the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats. In rats injected once with pCAGGS-viral IL-10, luminal obliteration was significantly decreased compared with the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats (mean luminal opening 46.8% vs 0% p<0.05). The loss of epithelial cells lining the airway was also decreased in the IL-10-treated group (mean epithelial coverage 42% vs 5% p<0.05). Multiple injections with pCAGGS-viral IL-10 did not further improve the histological changes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bronchiolitis Obliterans', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Viral', 'Electroporation', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Interleukin-10', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Trachea', 'Tracheal Stenosis', 'Transgenes', 'Transplantation, Homologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,463 | Is maternal factor V Leiden mutation associated with HELLP syndrome in Caucasian women? | {
"contexts": [
"There is growing evidence that hypertensive pregnancy complications and other adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with the presence of inherited or acquired thrombophilias. As hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is one of the most severe forms of pre-eclampsia we aimed to assess the prevalence of the factor V Leiden, the prothrombin 20210G >A mutation and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C >T polymorphism in women with HELLP syndrome and in their fetuses from the same index pregnancy.",
"The study was performed retrospectively in a case-control design.",
"Seventy-one mother-child pairs with HELLP syndrome and 79 control mother-child pairs with uncomplicated pregnancies were included in the study.",
"Genotyping of the three thrombophilic mutations was performed using the LightCycler technology. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Main outcome measures were maternal and fetal genotypes and their correlation with clinical parameters.",
"Maternal heterozygosity for factor V Leiden was significantly more prevalent in the HELLP group than in controls (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.31-15.31). No significant association was observed for maternal prothrombin mutation or MTHFR polymorphism (p=0.894, p=0.189, respectively). The fetal genotype was not associated with HELLP syndrome for any of the three mutations investigated. Analysis of gene-gene interactions and genotype-phenotype correlation with respect to clinical parameters and perinatal outcome revealed no further differences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activated Protein C Resistance",
"Adult",
"Case-Control Studies",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Factor V",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"HELLP Syndrome",
"Humans",
"Pregnancy",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Our study confirms that women heterozygous for factor V Leiden have an increased risk of developing HELLP syndrome, while the most frequent mutations of the prothrombin and MTHFR gene do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is maternal factor V Leiden mutation associated with HELLP syndrome in Caucasian women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is growing evidence that hypertensive pregnancy complications and other adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with the presence of inherited or acquired thrombophilias. As hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is one of the most severe forms of pre-eclampsia we aimed to assess the prevalence of the factor V Leiden, the prothrombin 20210G >A mutation and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C >T polymorphism in women with HELLP syndrome and in their fetuses from the same index pregnancy.', 'The study was performed retrospectively in a case-control design.', 'Seventy-one mother-child pairs with HELLP syndrome and 79 control mother-child pairs with uncomplicated pregnancies were included in the study.', 'Genotyping of the three thrombophilic mutations was performed using the LightCycler technology. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Main outcome measures were maternal and fetal genotypes and their correlation with clinical parameters.', 'Maternal heterozygosity for factor V Leiden was significantly more prevalent in the HELLP group than in controls (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.31-15.31). No significant association was observed for maternal prothrombin mutation or MTHFR polymorphism (p=0.894, p=0.189, respectively). The fetal genotype was not associated with HELLP syndrome for any of the three mutations investigated. Analysis of gene-gene interactions and genotype-phenotype correlation with respect to clinical parameters and perinatal outcome revealed no further differences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activated Protein C Resistance', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'HELLP Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,274 | Is silica gel as effective as acyclovir cream in patients with recurrent herpes labialis : results of a randomized , open-label trial? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare silica gel with acyclovir cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.",
"In this randomized, open-label, comparator-controlled trial, 74 patients with recurrent herpes labialis applied silica gel or acyclovir cream respectively over a period of 10 days. The treatment started within 24 hours of the first symptoms of a new recurrence. Patients rated five symptoms (tautness, tingling, itching, burning sensation, pain), lesion stage, efficacy, tolerability, and duration until the onset of improvement. Their willingness-to-pay was assessed. Physicians rated the severity of the herpes recurrence and efficacy.",
"There was no significant difference between silica gel and acyclovir cream in the overall patients' assessment. There is evidence that silica gel relieved all investigated symptoms earlier than acyclovir cream. The efficacy and tolerability of both medications were rated as good to very good."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acyclovir",
"Administration, Topical",
"Adult",
"Antiviral Agents",
"Dermatologic Agents",
"Female",
"Gels",
"Herpes Labialis",
"Humans",
"Lip",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Pruritus",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Silica Gel",
"Silicon Dioxide",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Silica gel was as effective in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis as acyclovir and equally well tolerated and tended to take effect more quickly. Therefore, silica gel could prove a useful alternative to topical acyclovir. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is silica gel as effective as acyclovir cream in patients with recurrent herpes labialis : results of a randomized , open-label trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare silica gel with acyclovir cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.', 'In this randomized, open-label, comparator-controlled trial, 74 patients with recurrent herpes labialis applied silica gel or acyclovir cream respectively over a period of 10 days. The treatment started within 24 hours of the first symptoms of a new recurrence. Patients rated five symptoms (tautness, tingling, itching, burning sensation, pain), lesion stage, efficacy, tolerability, and duration until the onset of improvement. Their willingness-to-pay was assessed. Physicians rated the severity of the herpes recurrence and efficacy.', \"There was no significant difference between silica gel and acyclovir cream in the overall patients' assessment. There is evidence that silica gel relieved all investigated symptoms earlier than acyclovir cream. The efficacy and tolerability of both medications were rated as good to very good.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acyclovir', 'Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Female', 'Gels', 'Herpes Labialis', 'Humans', 'Lip', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Pruritus', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Silica Gel', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,387 | Does extracorporeal lung membrane provide better lung protection than conventional treatment for severe postpneumonectomy noncardiogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"We compared conventional treatment with pumpless extracorporeal lung membrane (Interventional Lung Assist [iLA] Novalung; Novalung GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) support in a pig model of postpneumonectomy severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Adult pigs underwent a left thoracotomy without (group I) or with a left extrapericardial pneumonectomy and radical lymphadenectomy (groups II to V). After stabilization, pigs belonging to group II were observed only, whereas in those belonging to groups III to V, a surfactant-depletion severe (Pao(2)/Fio(2) < 100) postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced. This was followed by observation (group III); treatment with conventional therapy including protective ventilation, steroids, and nitric oxide (group IV); or femoral arteriovenous iLA Novalung placement, near-static ventilation, steroids, and nitric oxide (group V). Each group included 5 animals. Primary outcome was extubation 12 hours postoperatively or postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome.",
"A severe postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome was obtained after 9 +/- 2 alveolar lavages over 90 +/- 20 minutes. In group V pigs, the iLA Novalung device diverted 17% +/- 4% of the cardiac output, permitted an oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide removal of 298.4 +/- 173.7 mL/min and 287.7 +/- 87.3 mL/min, respectively, and static ventilation (tidal volume, 2.2 +/- 1 mL/kg; respiratory rate, 6 +/- 2.9 breaths/min). All but 1 pig belonging to group V could be extubated compared with none in groups III and IV (P < .01), and only their lungs normalized cytokine release (P < .001) and surfactant (P < .03) and displayed fewer parenchymal lesions (P < .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation",
"Pneumonectomy",
"Pulmonary Circulation",
"Pulmonary Gas Exchange",
"Random Allocation",
"Respiration, Artificial",
"Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Survival Rate",
"Swine"
]
} | The pumpless extracorporeal lung membrane and near-static ventilation achieved a significantly better outcome than conventional treatment in this pig model of severe postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome, probably because the injured lungs were not forced to work and this "rest" gave them more time to heal. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does extracorporeal lung membrane provide better lung protection than conventional treatment for severe postpneumonectomy noncardiogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We compared conventional treatment with pumpless extracorporeal lung membrane (Interventional Lung Assist [iLA] Novalung; Novalung GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) support in a pig model of postpneumonectomy severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.', 'Adult pigs underwent a left thoracotomy without (group I) or with a left extrapericardial pneumonectomy and radical lymphadenectomy (groups II to V). After stabilization, pigs belonging to group II were observed only, whereas in those belonging to groups III to V, a surfactant-depletion severe (Pao(2)/Fio(2) < 100) postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced. This was followed by observation (group III); treatment with conventional therapy including protective ventilation, steroids, and nitric oxide (group IV); or femoral arteriovenous iLA Novalung placement, near-static ventilation, steroids, and nitric oxide (group V). Each group included 5 animals. Primary outcome was extubation 12 hours postoperatively or postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome.', 'A severe postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome was obtained after 9 +/- 2 alveolar lavages over 90 +/- 20 minutes. In group V pigs, the iLA Novalung device diverted 17% +/- 4% of the cardiac output, permitted an oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide removal of 298.4 +/- 173.7 mL/min and 287.7 +/- 87.3 mL/min, respectively, and static ventilation (tidal volume, 2.2 +/- 1 mL/kg; respiratory rate, 6 +/- 2.9 breaths/min). All but 1 pig belonging to group V could be extubated compared with none in groups III and IV (P < .01), and only their lungs normalized cytokine release (P < .001) and surfactant (P < .03) and displayed fewer parenchymal lesions (P < .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Random Allocation', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Rate', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,383 | Does low-dose dobutamine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with myocardial strain analysis predict myocardial recoverability after coronary artery bypass grafting? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate prediction of recovery of dysfunctional myocardium would optimize risk/benefit analysis among patients with coronary artery disease and decreased ventricular function. Tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging permits quantitative assessment of changes in ventricular function and may improve the prediction of myocardial recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting.",
"Thirteen patients underwent preoperative and postoperative stress magnetic resonance imaging with strain analysis at rest with 5 and 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) dobutamine. Two-dimensional strain analysis was performed on a single midventricular short-axis image divided into 6 regions for each patient (n = 78). Regional minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values were calculated at each stress level. Regional changes in postoperative strain were correlated with changes in preoperative dobutamine stress by means of logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to determine the accuracy of preoperative dobutamine stress for the prediction of postoperative myocardial recoverability.",
"Minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values at 5 and 10 microg of dobutamine differed significantly from baseline strains (P < .05). Receiver operator characteristic curves found minimum principal strain to be 75% accurate for prediction of recoverability at both stress levels. Circumferential strain was 72% and 70% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively, whereas radial strain was 77% and 64% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Coronary Stenosis",
"Dobutamine",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Echocardiography, Stress",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Angiography",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Odds Ratio",
"Postoperative Care",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Preoperative Care",
"Probability",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"ROC Curve",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ventricular Remodeling"
]
} | Dobutamine-stressed tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging with strain analysis is feasible to quantitatively predict myocardial recoverability after coronary artery bypass grafting. Further study is required to determine the optimal strain parameter for predicting myocardial recoverability after surgical revascularization. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low-dose dobutamine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with myocardial strain analysis predict myocardial recoverability after coronary artery bypass grafting?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accurate prediction of recovery of dysfunctional myocardium would optimize risk/benefit analysis among patients with coronary artery disease and decreased ventricular function. Tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging permits quantitative assessment of changes in ventricular function and may improve the prediction of myocardial recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting.', 'Thirteen patients underwent preoperative and postoperative stress magnetic resonance imaging with strain analysis at rest with 5 and 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) dobutamine. Two-dimensional strain analysis was performed on a single midventricular short-axis image divided into 6 regions for each patient (n = 78). Regional minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values were calculated at each stress level. Regional changes in postoperative strain were correlated with changes in preoperative dobutamine stress by means of logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to determine the accuracy of preoperative dobutamine stress for the prediction of postoperative myocardial recoverability.', 'Minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values at 5 and 10 microg of dobutamine differed significantly from baseline strains (P < .05). Receiver operator characteristic curves found minimum principal strain to be 75% accurate for prediction of recoverability at both stress levels. Circumferential strain was 72% and 70% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively, whereas radial strain was 77% and 64% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Dobutamine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Odds Ratio', 'Postoperative Care', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Preoperative Care', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Remodeling']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,961 | Does ghrelin treatment suppress neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Persistent neutrophil influx into the airways is a characteristic of chronic respiratory infection and contributes to the deterioration of pulmonary function. Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide with potential anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated whether or not ghrelin can reduce neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infection.",
"Synthesized ghrelin was administered intravenously for 3 weeks to 7 cachectic patients with chronic respiratory infection to confirm ghrelin's effects on airway inflammation and nutrition state. Neutrophils, neutrophil products and inflammatory cytokines in sputum were used as markers of airway inflammation. Changes in serum protein levels were also evaluated along with plasma catecholamine levels. Exercise tolerance was assessed by measuring 6-min walking distance before and after 3 weeks of ghrelin treatment.",
"Three-week ghrelin administration decreased neutrophil density and inflammatory cytokine levels in sputum, reduced plasma norepinephrine level, and increased body weight, serum protein level, and 6-min walking distance."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Proteins",
"Body Weight",
"Bronchitis",
"Chronic Disease",
"Cytokines",
"Eating",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Female",
"Ghrelin",
"Haemophilus influenzae",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neutrophils",
"Norepinephrine",
"Oxygen",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"Respiratory Tract Infections",
"Sputum"
]
} | Ghrelin administration suppressed airway inflammation by decreasing neutrophil accumulation in lungs and increased body weight. These findings may contribute to the development of supportive therapies for patients with refractory chronic respiratory infection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ghrelin treatment suppress neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Persistent neutrophil influx into the airways is a characteristic of chronic respiratory infection and contributes to the deterioration of pulmonary function. Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide with potential anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated whether or not ghrelin can reduce neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infection.', \"Synthesized ghrelin was administered intravenously for 3 weeks to 7 cachectic patients with chronic respiratory infection to confirm ghrelin's effects on airway inflammation and nutrition state. Neutrophils, neutrophil products and inflammatory cytokines in sputum were used as markers of airway inflammation. Changes in serum protein levels were also evaluated along with plasma catecholamine levels. Exercise tolerance was assessed by measuring 6-min walking distance before and after 3 weeks of ghrelin treatment.\", 'Three-week ghrelin administration decreased neutrophil density and inflammatory cytokine levels in sputum, reduced plasma norepinephrine level, and increased body weight, serum protein level, and 6-min walking distance.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Proteins', 'Body Weight', 'Bronchitis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cytokines', 'Eating', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Ghrelin', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Norepinephrine', 'Oxygen', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Sputum']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,467 | Is peak expiratory flow variability adjusted by forced expiratory volume in one second a good index for airway responsiveness in asthmatics? | {
"contexts": [
"The lowest peak expiratory flow (PEF) over a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest PEF (Min%Max PEF) has been reported to be the index that most closely correlates with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatics. However, both fluctuation of the airway caliber and airflow limitation are regarded as physiological properties of asthma closely related to AHR. An accurate index that shows the degree of AHR may be obtained by combining the index of airway lability with the parameters that represent airway caliber.",
"Ninety-two steroid-naive and twenty-eight steroid-treated asthmatic patients were enrolled. Using the physiological parameters obtained from spirometry and PEF monitoring, we investigated the indices which correlate accurately with airway responsiveness measured by the inhalation challenge test.",
"Although the methacholine threshold was related to all parameters that represent airway caliber and lability, Min%Max PEF had the strongest correlation with AHR. When Min%Max PEF was adjusted by the airway geometric factors, the normalization of Min%Max PEF with forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value (%FEV(1)) improved the relationship between Min%Max PEF and AHR."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchial Provocation Tests",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Forced Expiratory Volume",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Peak Expiratory Flow Rate",
"Spirometry"
]
} | Min%Max PEF adjusted by %FEV(1) showed a good correlation with airway responsiveness measured by the inhalation challenge test, and may be useful as a convenient alternative index of AHR in asthmatic patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is peak expiratory flow variability adjusted by forced expiratory volume in one second a good index for airway responsiveness in asthmatics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The lowest peak expiratory flow (PEF) over a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest PEF (Min%Max PEF) has been reported to be the index that most closely correlates with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatics. However, both fluctuation of the airway caliber and airflow limitation are regarded as physiological properties of asthma closely related to AHR. An accurate index that shows the degree of AHR may be obtained by combining the index of airway lability with the parameters that represent airway caliber.', 'Ninety-two steroid-naive and twenty-eight steroid-treated asthmatic patients were enrolled. Using the physiological parameters obtained from spirometry and PEF monitoring, we investigated the indices which correlate accurately with airway responsiveness measured by the inhalation challenge test.', 'Although the methacholine threshold was related to all parameters that represent airway caliber and lability, Min%Max PEF had the strongest correlation with AHR. When Min%Max PEF was adjusted by the airway geometric factors, the normalization of Min%Max PEF with forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value (%FEV(1)) improved the relationship between Min%Max PEF and AHR.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate', 'Spirometry']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,454 | Is social factors and television use during meals and snacks associated with higher BMI among pre-school children? | {
"contexts": [
"The present paper examines the relationship between social factors, food consumption during television viewing, and overall television viewing and how these are associated with BMI when the role of familial and social factors are considered in a population-based birth cohort of pre-school children from Québec (Canada).",
"The analyses were performed using data from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (1998-2002) (LSCDQ). The study follows a representative sample (n 2103) of children born in 1998 in the Canadian province of Québec. A nutrition assessment was conducted on 1549 children aged 4.5 years and included a 24 h dietary recall, an eating behaviour and television viewing questionnaire, and a measurement of children's heights and weights. Statistical analyses were performed.",
"Nearly one-quarter of children ate at least twice daily in front of the television. Children who consumed snacks while watching television on a daily basis had higher BMI than children who did so less frequently. Children who ate snacks in front of the television every day, or some times during the week, ate more carbohydrates (total), more fat and less protein, fewer fruits and vegetables, and drank soft drinks more often than children who never ate snacks in front of the television."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Mass Index",
"Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Nutrition Assessment",
"Obesity",
"Overweight",
"Quebec",
"Social Class",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Television",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Health professionals should target parents of children at risk of overweight/obesity with focused strategies to help children change the types of foods consumed during television viewing and to reduce the time spent watching television, particularly during meal times, which may change children's dietary intake and eating patterns. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is social factors and television use during meals and snacks associated with higher BMI among pre-school children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present paper examines the relationship between social factors, food consumption during television viewing, and overall television viewing and how these are associated with BMI when the role of familial and social factors are considered in a population-based birth cohort of pre-school children from Québec (Canada).', \"The analyses were performed using data from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (1998-2002) (LSCDQ). The study follows a representative sample (n 2103) of children born in 1998 in the Canadian province of Québec. A nutrition assessment was conducted on 1549 children aged 4.5 years and included a 24 h dietary recall, an eating behaviour and television viewing questionnaire, and a measurement of children's heights and weights. Statistical analyses were performed.\", 'Nearly one-quarter of children ate at least twice daily in front of the television. Children who consumed snacks while watching television on a daily basis had higher BMI than children who did so less frequently. Children who ate snacks in front of the television every day, or some times during the week, ate more carbohydrates (total), more fat and less protein, fewer fruits and vegetables, and drank soft drinks more often than children who never ate snacks in front of the television.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Body Mass Index', 'Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Quebec', 'Social Class', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Television', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,580 | Are progenitor cells responsible for formation of human prostate epithelium primary cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze cell viability and morphology of primary cell cultures from CD133 immunolabeled and sorted cells from epithelium of patients suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).",
"Cells obtained from 5 patients were divided in two fractions. First fraction (CD133+/CD133-) was cultivated in DMEM with 10% FBS. Second fraction was mixed with CD133 microbeads and immunomagnetically divided into CD133+ and CD133- fractions. These cells were cultivated and followed-up for 2 weeks. Cells were stained for Annexin V FITC/propidium iodide.",
"Seventy CD133+/CD133- cultures, thirty-one of CD133+ and thirty-one of CD133- cells were established. There were 5-fold and 3-fold increase of CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ cell number after 2 weeks, respectively. CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ monolayers displayed epithelial-like morphology and cytokeratine expression. CD133- cultures collapsed. Cell viability within CD133+ and CD133- populations was 90.1-/+6.3% and 24.3-/+6.2%, respectively. Apoptotic index was 9.0-/+6.1% and 28.5-/+23.8% within CD133+ and CD133- cultures, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Epithelium",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Necrosis",
"Prostate",
"Stem Cells"
]
} | CD133 separated human primary epithelial cell cultures displayed differences in morphology, viability and apoptosis occurrence. Immunomagnetic sorting can be recommended in each in vitro experiments with primary cell cultures in order to provide more objective results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are progenitor cells responsible for formation of human prostate epithelium primary cultures?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To analyze cell viability and morphology of primary cell cultures from CD133 immunolabeled and sorted cells from epithelium of patients suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).', 'Cells obtained from 5 patients were divided in two fractions. First fraction (CD133+/CD133-) was cultivated in DMEM with 10% FBS. Second fraction was mixed with CD133 microbeads and immunomagnetically divided into CD133+ and CD133- fractions. These cells were cultivated and followed-up for 2 weeks. Cells were stained for Annexin V FITC/propidium iodide.', 'Seventy CD133+/CD133- cultures, thirty-one of CD133+ and thirty-one of CD133- cells were established. There were 5-fold and 3-fold increase of CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ cell number after 2 weeks, respectively. CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ monolayers displayed epithelial-like morphology and cytokeratine expression. CD133- cultures collapsed. Cell viability within CD133+ and CD133- populations was 90.1-/+6.3% and 24.3-/+6.2%, respectively. Apoptotic index was 9.0-/+6.1% and 28.5-/+23.8% within CD133+ and CD133- cultures, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Prostate', 'Stem Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,989 | Do interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms influence susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in a gender-specific manner? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathological evidence supports a potential role of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine network in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, associated studies suggest a possible involvement of cytokine-related genes in IBD susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) gene on ulcerative colitis (UC).",
"Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (-1082 G/A, -819 T/C) in the IL10 promoter in 203 Italian sporadic UC patients and 391 controls were determined using high-resolution melting analysis.",
"The frequency of the -1082A allele was significantly higher in the UC patients than in controls (p=0.00003); -1082 genotype frequencies were also significantly different between UC patients and controls (p=0.0001). Allele and genotype frequencies of -819 T/C were not significantly associated with UC. Furthermore, the frequencies of haplotypes -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T, which have been reported to have a lower promoter activity, were significantly higher in UC patients than in controls (p=0.0004). After gender stratification, we found a significant difference in the -1082A allele (p=0.00004) and genotype (p=0.0002) frequencies only between female UC patients and controls; the same result was obtained for the -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T haplotypes (p=0.0006)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Colitis, Ulcerative",
"Female",
"Gender Identity",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-10",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | A gender effect is observed, with women of AG/AA IL10 genotypes and AC/AT haplotypes having a higher risk of developing UC at a younger age. This finding could be related to the previously documented lower IL10 production associated with the -1082A allele and to the IL10 down-regulating effect of estrogens. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms influence susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in a gender-specific manner?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pathological evidence supports a potential role of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine network in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, associated studies suggest a possible involvement of cytokine-related genes in IBD susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) gene on ulcerative colitis (UC).', 'Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (-1082 G/A, -819 T/C) in the IL10 promoter in 203 Italian sporadic UC patients and 391 controls were determined using high-resolution melting analysis.', 'The frequency of the -1082A allele was significantly higher in the UC patients than in controls (p=0.00003); -1082 genotype frequencies were also significantly different between UC patients and controls (p=0.0001). Allele and genotype frequencies of -819 T/C were not significantly associated with UC. Furthermore, the frequencies of haplotypes -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T, which have been reported to have a lower promoter activity, were significantly higher in UC patients than in controls (p=0.0004). After gender stratification, we found a significant difference in the -1082A allele (p=0.00004) and genotype (p=0.0002) frequencies only between female UC patients and controls; the same result was obtained for the -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T haplotypes (p=0.0006).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-10', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,567,576 | Does treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increase survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the antiviral activity of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) in AG129 mice infected with dengue 2 virus (DENV-2).",
"Antisense PMO and PPMO were designed against the 5' terminal region (5'SL) or the 3'-cyclization sequence region (3'CS) of DENV genomic RNA and administered to AG129 mice before and/or after infection with DENV-2. In addition, cell culture evaluations designed to determine optimum PPMO length, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of PPMO were also carried out.",
"Mock-treated AG129 mice lived for 9-17 days following intraperitoneal (ip) infection with 10(4)-10(6) pfu of DENV-2 (strain New Guinea C). Intraperitoneal administration of 5'SL or 3'CS PPMO before and after DENV infection produced an increase in the average survival time of up to 8 days. Animals receiving only post-infection PPMO treatment did not benefit significantly. Cell culture studies showed that PPMO of 22-24 bases long produced substantially higher DENV titre reductions than did PPMO that were either shorter or longer. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology analysis with non-infected animals showed that nine consecutive once-daily ip treatments of 10 mg/kg PPMO resulted in high concentrations of PPMO in the liver and caused little impact on overall health."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antiviral Agents",
"Body Weight",
"Dengue",
"Dengue Virus",
"Injections, Intraperitoneal",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Morpholines",
"Morpholinos",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Plasma",
"Survival Analysis",
"Viral Plaque Assay"
]
} | The data indicate that PPMO had considerable antiviral efficacy against DENV-2 in the AG129 mouse model and that PPMO treatment early in the course of an infection was critical to extending the survival times of DENV-2-infected mice in the AG129 model system. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increase survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the antiviral activity of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) in AG129 mice infected with dengue 2 virus (DENV-2).', \"Antisense PMO and PPMO were designed against the 5' terminal region (5'SL) or the 3'-cyclization sequence region (3'CS) of DENV genomic RNA and administered to AG129 mice before and/or after infection with DENV-2. In addition, cell culture evaluations designed to determine optimum PPMO length, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of PPMO were also carried out.\", \"Mock-treated AG129 mice lived for 9-17 days following intraperitoneal (ip) infection with 10(4)-10(6) pfu of DENV-2 (strain New Guinea C). Intraperitoneal administration of 5'SL or 3'CS PPMO before and after DENV infection produced an increase in the average survival time of up to 8 days. Animals receiving only post-infection PPMO treatment did not benefit significantly. Cell culture studies showed that PPMO of 22-24 bases long produced substantially higher DENV titre reductions than did PPMO that were either shorter or longer. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology analysis with non-infected animals showed that nine consecutive once-daily ip treatments of 10 mg/kg PPMO resulted in high concentrations of PPMO in the liver and caused little impact on overall health.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Body Weight', 'Dengue', 'Dengue Virus', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Morpholines', 'Morpholinos', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Plasma', 'Survival Analysis', 'Viral Plaque Assay']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,543,402 | Is total thyroidectomy safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy.",
"Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: RLN identified (Group A) or not (Group B). The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia.",
"The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A, and 63 and 121 in Group B, respectively. RLN injury in Group A (0) was significantly lower than that in Group B (5 [7.9%]) patients, 7 [5.8%] nerves) for the numbers of patients (P=0.016) and nerves at risk (P=0.006). Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14 [24.1%] vs 6 [10.3%], P=0.049). Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (13 [20.6%] vs 4 [5.6%], P=0.009)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Dissection",
"Female",
"Goiter",
"Goiter, Nodular",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve",
"Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Safety",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Thyroidectomy"
]
} | RLN injury was prevented and permanent complications were decreased by identifying the whole course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is total thyroidectomy safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy.', 'Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: RLN identified (Group A) or not (Group B). The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia.', 'The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A, and 63 and 121 in Group B, respectively. RLN injury in Group A (0) was significantly lower than that in Group B (5 [7.9%]) patients, 7 [5.8%] nerves) for the numbers of patients (P=0.016) and nerves at risk (P=0.006). Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14 [24.1%] vs 6 [10.3%], P=0.049). Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (13 [20.6%] vs 4 [5.6%], P=0.009).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Dissection', 'Female', 'Goiter', 'Goiter, Nodular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve', 'Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Safety', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,495 | Is epilepsy in autism associated with intellectual disability and gender : evidence from a meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"The association between epilepsy and autism is consistently reported, with a wide range of prevalence rates. This may be attributed to the heterogeneity of the samples with respect to age, comorbidity, sex, and intellectual disability (ID). We aimed to compare the prevalence of epilepsy 1) among autistic patients with ID versus autistic patients without ID and 2) among male versus female autistic patients.",
"We reviewed all data available from published reports (1963-2006) on autism and epilepsy and conducted a meta-analysis of 10 and 14 studies, respectively, to assess the relative risk (RR) of epilepsy in autism according to ID and gender. The pooled groups included 2112 (627 with IQ > or = 70, 1485 with IQ < 70) and 1530 (1191 male, 339 female) patients, respectively.",
"There was a strong discrepancy in relative risk (RR) according to IQ, with more autistic patients with ID having epilepsy (RR = .555; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .42-.73; p < .001). The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 21.5% in autistic subjects with ID versus 8% in autistic subjects without ID. There was a strong discrepancy in RR according to sex, favoring comorbidity of epilepsy in autistic girls (RR = .549; 95% CI: .45-.66; p < .001). The male:female ratio of autism comorbid with epilepsy was close to 2:1 whereas the male:female ratio of autism without epilepsy was 3.5:1."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Autistic Disorder",
"Child",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Disabled Children",
"Epilepsy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prevalence"
]
} | The results of this meta-analysis indicate that risk for epilepsy in autism is a function of ID severity and distinguishes autism associated with epilepsy as a subgroup of autism by its male-female ratio. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is epilepsy in autism associated with intellectual disability and gender : evidence from a meta-analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The association between epilepsy and autism is consistently reported, with a wide range of prevalence rates. This may be attributed to the heterogeneity of the samples with respect to age, comorbidity, sex, and intellectual disability (ID). We aimed to compare the prevalence of epilepsy 1) among autistic patients with ID versus autistic patients without ID and 2) among male versus female autistic patients.', 'We reviewed all data available from published reports (1963-2006) on autism and epilepsy and conducted a meta-analysis of 10 and 14 studies, respectively, to assess the relative risk (RR) of epilepsy in autism according to ID and gender. The pooled groups included 2112 (627 with IQ > or = 70, 1485 with IQ < 70) and 1530 (1191 male, 339 female) patients, respectively.', 'There was a strong discrepancy in relative risk (RR) according to IQ, with more autistic patients with ID having epilepsy (RR = .555; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .42-.73; p < .001). The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 21.5% in autistic subjects with ID versus 8% in autistic subjects without ID. There was a strong discrepancy in RR according to sex, favoring comorbidity of epilepsy in autistic girls (RR = .549; 95% CI: .45-.66; p < .001). The male:female ratio of autism comorbid with epilepsy was close to 2:1 whereas the male:female ratio of autism without epilepsy was 3.5:1.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disabled Children', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,469 | Does the functional connectivity of different EEG bands move towards small-world network organization during sleep? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the functional connectivity patterns of the different EEG bands during wakefulness and sleep (different sleep stages and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) conditions), using concepts derived from Graph Theory.",
"We evaluated spatial patterns of EEG band synchronization between all possible pairs of electrodes (19) placed over the scalp of 10 sleeping healthy young normal subjects using two graph theoretical measures: the clustering coefficient (Cp) and the characteristic path length (Lp). The measures were obtained during wakefulness and the different sleep stages/CAP conditions from the real EEG connectivity networks and randomized control (surrogate) networks (Cp-s and Lp-s).",
"We found values of Cp and Lp compatible with a small-world network organization in all sleep stages and for all EEG bands. All bands below 15Hz showed an increase of these features during sleep (and during CAP-A phases in particular), compared to wakefulness."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Brain Mapping",
"Electroencephalography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Neurological",
"Nerve Net",
"Polysomnography",
"Sleep",
"Sleep Stages"
]
} | The results of this study seem to confirm our initial hypothesis that during sleep there exists a clear trend for the functional connectivity of the EEG to move forward to an organization more similar to that of a small-world network, at least for the frequency bands lower than 15Hz. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the functional connectivity of different EEG bands move towards small-world network organization during sleep?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To analyze the functional connectivity patterns of the different EEG bands during wakefulness and sleep (different sleep stages and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) conditions), using concepts derived from Graph Theory.', 'We evaluated spatial patterns of EEG band synchronization between all possible pairs of electrodes (19) placed over the scalp of 10 sleeping healthy young normal subjects using two graph theoretical measures: the clustering coefficient (Cp) and the characteristic path length (Lp). The measures were obtained during wakefulness and the different sleep stages/CAP conditions from the real EEG connectivity networks and randomized control (surrogate) networks (Cp-s and Lp-s).', 'We found values of Cp and Lp compatible with a small-world network organization in all sleep stages and for all EEG bands. All bands below 15Hz showed an increase of these features during sleep (and during CAP-A phases in particular), compared to wakefulness.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain Mapping', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Net', 'Polysomnography', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Stages']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,564,391 | Does leukodepletion of autologous whole blood have no impact on perioperative infection rate and length of hospital stay? | {
"contexts": [
"Several mechanisms have been proposed as possible causes of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) after allogeneic transfusion. If one of these mechanisms, the release of mediators of immunity and inflammation (\"biologic response modifiers\"[BRMs]) from disintegrating blood cells during storage of blood products, really causes TRIM, it should in principle also occur after autologous transfusion. As a consequence, prestorage leukoreduction of autologous blood should be able to prevent the clinical consequences of TRIM after autologous transfusion.",
"This hypothesis was investigated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 1089 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty and eligible for preoperative autologous blood donation were randomly assigned to receive autologous whole blood (AWB) either unmodified or leukoreduced when transfusion was indicated.",
"Neither the primary study outcome, that is, the overall postoperative infection rate (17.3% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.59), nor several secondary outcomes like median length of hospital stay (14 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.17) were significantly different between groups, whether analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle or \"as treated.\""
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip",
"Blood Loss, Surgical",
"Blood Transfusion, Autologous",
"Cross Infection",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Leukocyte Reduction Procedures",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Surgical Wound Infection",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | This trial provides strong evidence, from clinically relevant outcome data, that leukoreduction of AWB does not improve postoperative patient outcome and that the release of BRMs from disintegrating blood cells during storage cannot explain the immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusion. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does leukodepletion of autologous whole blood have no impact on perioperative infection rate and length of hospital stay?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several mechanisms have been proposed as possible causes of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) after allogeneic transfusion. If one of these mechanisms, the release of mediators of immunity and inflammation (\"biologic response modifiers\"[BRMs]) from disintegrating blood cells during storage of blood products, really causes TRIM, it should in principle also occur after autologous transfusion. As a consequence, prestorage leukoreduction of autologous blood should be able to prevent the clinical consequences of TRIM after autologous transfusion.', 'This hypothesis was investigated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 1089 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty and eligible for preoperative autologous blood donation were randomly assigned to receive autologous whole blood (AWB) either unmodified or leukoreduced when transfusion was indicated.', 'Neither the primary study outcome, that is, the overall postoperative infection rate (17.3% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.59), nor several secondary outcomes like median length of hospital stay (14 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.17) were significantly different between groups, whether analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle or \"as treated.\"'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Blood Transfusion, Autologous', 'Cross Infection', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Leukocyte Reduction Procedures', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,564,394 | Do discrete Toll-like receptor agonists have differential effects on alloimmunization to transfused red blood cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Factors influencing alloimmunization to transfused red blood cells (RBCs) are not well understood. Utilizing a murine model, we have recently reported that RBC alloimmunization is enhanced by recipient treatment with viral-like polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). To determine whether a different subtype of inflammation also enhances RBC alloimmunization, we investigated the effects of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on alloimmunization.",
"Mice were treated with poly(I:C) or LPS; in select experiments, the precursor frequency of naïve antigen-specific CD4+ T cells was increased using T cells from T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Recipients were transfused with leukoreduced RBCs expressing the membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) antigen, and alloimmunization was measured by anti-HEL immunoglobulin G responses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric cross-match. Costimulatory molecule expression was examined on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by flow cytometry.",
"Increased expression of costimulatory molecules on APCs was seen after treatment with either poly(I:C) and LPS. In contrast to the enhancement of RBC alloimmunization observed after treatment with poly(I:C), LPS not only failed to enhance but also actively suppressed alloimmunization, even in the presence of increased mHEL-specific CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001 LPS vs. control)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antigen-Presenting Cells",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Erythrocyte Transfusion",
"Erythrocytes",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Immunity",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Poly I-C",
"Toll-Like Receptors"
]
} | These data demonstrate that the regulation of RBC alloimmunization by inflammatory stimuli is complex, including enhancement by a viral-like stimulus and suppression by a bacterial-type stimulus. The mechanism(s) are unlikely to involve variation in the costimulatory molecules studied, because only subtle differences on APCs were observed after treatment with poly(I:C) and LPS. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do discrete Toll-like receptor agonists have differential effects on alloimmunization to transfused red blood cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Factors influencing alloimmunization to transfused red blood cells (RBCs) are not well understood. Utilizing a murine model, we have recently reported that RBC alloimmunization is enhanced by recipient treatment with viral-like polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). To determine whether a different subtype of inflammation also enhances RBC alloimmunization, we investigated the effects of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on alloimmunization.', 'Mice were treated with poly(I:C) or LPS; in select experiments, the precursor frequency of naïve antigen-specific CD4+ T cells was increased using T cells from T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Recipients were transfused with leukoreduced RBCs expressing the membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) antigen, and alloimmunization was measured by anti-HEL immunoglobulin G responses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric cross-match. Costimulatory molecule expression was examined on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by flow cytometry.', 'Increased expression of costimulatory molecules on APCs was seen after treatment with either poly(I:C) and LPS. In contrast to the enhancement of RBC alloimmunization observed after treatment with poly(I:C), LPS not only failed to enhance but also actively suppressed alloimmunization, even in the presence of increased mHEL-specific CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001 LPS vs. control).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Erythrocytes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Immunity', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Poly I-C', 'Toll-Like Receptors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,673 | Is basal DNA repair machinery subject to positive selection in ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria? | {
"contexts": [
"Ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria (IRRB) show a surprising capacity for adaptation to ionizing radiation and desiccation. Positive Darwinian selection is expected to play an important role in this trait, but no data are currently available regarding the role of positive adaptive selection in resistance to ionizing-radiation and tolerance of desiccation. We analyzed the four known genome sequences of IRRB (Deinococcus geothermalis, Deinococcus radiodurans, Kineococcus radiotolerans, and Rubrobacter xylanophilus) to determine the role of positive Darwinian selection in the evolution of resistance to ionizing radiation and tolerance of desiccation.",
"We used the programs MultiParanoid and DnaSP to deduce the sets of orthologs that potentially evolved due to positive Darwinian selection in IRRB. We find that positive selection targets 689 ortholog sets of IRRB. Among these, 58 ortholog sets are absent in ionizing-radiation-sensitive bacteria (IRSB: Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus). The most striking finding is that all basal DNA repair genes in IRRB, unlike many of their orthologs in IRSB, are subject to positive selection."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actinobacteria",
"Actinomycetales",
"Bacteria",
"DNA Repair",
"Deinococcus",
"Desiccation",
"Genes, Bacterial",
"Radiation Tolerance",
"Selection, Genetic",
"Species Specificity"
]
} | Our results provide the first in silico prediction of positively selected genes with potential roles in the molecular basis of resistance to gamma-radiation and tolerance of desiccation in IRRB. Identification of these genes provides a basis for future experimental work aimed at understanding the metabolic networks in which they participate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is basal DNA repair machinery subject to positive selection in ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria (IRRB) show a surprising capacity for adaptation to ionizing radiation and desiccation. Positive Darwinian selection is expected to play an important role in this trait, but no data are currently available regarding the role of positive adaptive selection in resistance to ionizing-radiation and tolerance of desiccation. We analyzed the four known genome sequences of IRRB (Deinococcus geothermalis, Deinococcus radiodurans, Kineococcus radiotolerans, and Rubrobacter xylanophilus) to determine the role of positive Darwinian selection in the evolution of resistance to ionizing radiation and tolerance of desiccation.', 'We used the programs MultiParanoid and DnaSP to deduce the sets of orthologs that potentially evolved due to positive Darwinian selection in IRRB. We find that positive selection targets 689 ortholog sets of IRRB. Among these, 58 ortholog sets are absent in ionizing-radiation-sensitive bacteria (IRSB: Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus). The most striking finding is that all basal DNA repair genes in IRRB, unlike many of their orthologs in IRSB, are subject to positive selection.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actinobacteria', 'Actinomycetales', 'Bacteria', 'DNA Repair', 'Deinococcus', 'Desiccation', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Species Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,679 | Do a compare between myocardial topical negative pressure levels of -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg in a porcine model? | {
"contexts": [
"Topical negative pressure (TNP), widely used in wound therapy, is known to stimulate wound edge blood flow, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and revascularization. We have previously shown that application of a TNP of -50 mmHg to the myocardium significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying tissue. We have also shown that a myocardial TNP levels between -75 mmHg and -150 mmHg do not induce microvascular blood flow changes in the underlying myocardium. The present study was designed to elucidate the difference between -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg TNP on microvascular flow in normal and ischemic myocardium.",
"Six pigs underwent median sternotomy. The microvascular blood flow in the myocardium was recorded before and after the application of TNP using laser Doppler flowmetry. Analyses were performed before left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (normal myocardium), and after 20 minutes of LAD occlusion (ischemic myocardium).",
"A TNP of -25 mmHg significantly increased microvascular blood flow in both normal (from 263.3 +/- 62.8 PU before, to 380.0 +/- 80.6 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.03) and ischemic myocardium (from 58.8 +/- 17.7 PU before, to 85.8 +/- 20.9 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.04). A TNP of -50 mmHg also significantly increased microvascular blood flow in both normal (from 174.2 +/- 20.8 PU before, to 240.0 +/- 34.4 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.02) and ischemic myocardium (from 44.5 +/- 14.0 PU before, to 106.2 +/- 26.6 PU after TNP application, ** p = 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Laser-Doppler Flowmetry",
"Myocardium",
"Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy",
"Pressure",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Sternum",
"Swine"
]
} | Topical negative pressure of -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg both induced a significant increase in microvascular blood flow in normal and in ischemic myocardium. The increase in microvascular blood flow was larger when using -25 mmHg on normal myocardium, and was larger when using -50 mmHg on ischemic myocardium; however these differences were not statistically significant. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a compare between myocardial topical negative pressure levels of -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg in a porcine model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Topical negative pressure (TNP), widely used in wound therapy, is known to stimulate wound edge blood flow, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and revascularization. We have previously shown that application of a TNP of -50 mmHg to the myocardium significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying tissue. We have also shown that a myocardial TNP levels between -75 mmHg and -150 mmHg do not induce microvascular blood flow changes in the underlying myocardium. The present study was designed to elucidate the difference between -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg TNP on microvascular flow in normal and ischemic myocardium.', 'Six pigs underwent median sternotomy. The microvascular blood flow in the myocardium was recorded before and after the application of TNP using laser Doppler flowmetry. Analyses were performed before left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (normal myocardium), and after 20 minutes of LAD occlusion (ischemic myocardium).', 'A TNP of -25 mmHg significantly increased microvascular blood flow in both normal (from 263.3 +/- 62.8 PU before, to 380.0 +/- 80.6 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.03) and ischemic myocardium (from 58.8 +/- 17.7 PU before, to 85.8 +/- 20.9 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.04). A TNP of -50 mmHg also significantly increased microvascular blood flow in both normal (from 174.2 +/- 20.8 PU before, to 240.0 +/- 34.4 PU after TNP application, * p = 0.02) and ischemic myocardium (from 44.5 +/- 14.0 PU before, to 106.2 +/- 26.6 PU after TNP application, ** p = 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Myocardium', 'Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy', 'Pressure', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Sternum', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,882 | Do cannabinoids reduce granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rats by controlling transcription and expression of mast cell protease-5? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as granulomas, are associated with angiogenesis. Mast cells represent the main cell type orchestrating angiogenesis, through the release of their granule content. Therefore, compounds able to modulate mast cell behaviour may be considered as a new pharmacological approach to treat angiogenesis-dependent events. Here, we tested the effect of selective cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists in a model of angiogenesis-dependent granuloma formation induced by lambda-carrageenin in rats.",
"Granulomas were induced by lambda-carrageenin-soaked sponges implanted subcutaneously on the back of male Wistar rats. After 96 h, implants were removed and granuloma formation was measured (wet weight); angiogenesis was evaluated by histological analysis and by the measurement of haemoglobin content. Mast cells in the granulomas were evaluated histologically and by RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis for mast cell-derived proteins (rat mast cell protease-5 (rMCP-5) and nerve growth factor). Selective CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists(,) ACEA and JWH-015 (0.001-0.1 mg mL(-1)), were given locally only once, at the time of implantation.",
"The CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists decreased the weight and vascularization of granulomas after 96 h. This treatment also reduced mast cell number and activation in granulomatous tissue. Specifically, these compounds prevented the transcription and expression of rMCP-5, a protein involved in sprouting and advance of new blood vessels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arachidonic Acids",
"Carrageenan",
"Chymases",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Granuloma",
"Indoles",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1",
"Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | Modulation of mast cell function by cannabinoids reduced granuloma formation and associated angiogenesis. Therefore cannabinoid-related drugs may be useful in the management of granulomatous diseases accompanied by angiogenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cannabinoids reduce granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rats by controlling transcription and expression of mast cell protease-5?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as granulomas, are associated with angiogenesis. Mast cells represent the main cell type orchestrating angiogenesis, through the release of their granule content. Therefore, compounds able to modulate mast cell behaviour may be considered as a new pharmacological approach to treat angiogenesis-dependent events. Here, we tested the effect of selective cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists in a model of angiogenesis-dependent granuloma formation induced by lambda-carrageenin in rats.', 'Granulomas were induced by lambda-carrageenin-soaked sponges implanted subcutaneously on the back of male Wistar rats. After 96 h, implants were removed and granuloma formation was measured (wet weight); angiogenesis was evaluated by histological analysis and by the measurement of haemoglobin content. Mast cells in the granulomas were evaluated histologically and by RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis for mast cell-derived proteins (rat mast cell protease-5 (rMCP-5) and nerve growth factor). Selective CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists(,) ACEA and JWH-015 (0.001-0.1 mg mL(-1)), were given locally only once, at the time of implantation.', 'The CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists decreased the weight and vascularization of granulomas after 96 h. This treatment also reduced mast cell number and activation in granulomatous tissue. Specifically, these compounds prevented the transcription and expression of rMCP-5, a protein involved in sprouting and advance of new blood vessels.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Carrageenan', 'Chymases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Granuloma', 'Indoles', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,546,084 | Does [ Parental smoking and passive smoke exposure in childhood promote the COPD exacerbation rate ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking parents are the main source of passive smoke exposure in childhood. Only few studies have assessed the effect of maternal or paternal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood on the development and severity of COPD.",
"We recruited n = 251 COPD-patients, n = 113 were clinically stable (no exacerbations for up to 24 years backdated from the day of interview), and - according to their history - n = 138 had more than one exacerbation during this time period. All COPD-patients were interviewed by a physician using a structured questionnaire on main health outcomes, social status, smoking history of their parents and themselves. Furthermore, pulmonary function was measured, and concomitant lung diseases were excluded.",
"Both COPD groups were comparable in age, gender, smoking history at the beginning of the disease, and cigarette pack-years smoked. Patients whose mothers smoked during childhood had poorer lung function values: FEV (1) 45.2 % vs. 54 % (p = 0.037). Non-smoking patients with a history of maternal smoking had a 7-times higher exacerbation rate compared to patients without passive smoke exposure (p = 0.073). Paternal cigarette smoke exposure had no effect."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Causality",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Germany",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Maternal Exposure",
"Paternal Exposure",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Distribution",
"Smoking",
"Tobacco Smoke Pollution"
]
} | Maternal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood aggravates the COPD disease and predisposes the patient for a higher disease severity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Parental smoking and passive smoke exposure in childhood promote the COPD exacerbation rate ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Smoking parents are the main source of passive smoke exposure in childhood. Only few studies have assessed the effect of maternal or paternal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood on the development and severity of COPD.', 'We recruited n = 251 COPD-patients, n = 113 were clinically stable (no exacerbations for up to 24 years backdated from the day of interview), and - according to their history - n = 138 had more than one exacerbation during this time period. All COPD-patients were interviewed by a physician using a structured questionnaire on main health outcomes, social status, smoking history of their parents and themselves. Furthermore, pulmonary function was measured, and concomitant lung diseases were excluded.', 'Both COPD groups were comparable in age, gender, smoking history at the beginning of the disease, and cigarette pack-years smoked. Patients whose mothers smoked during childhood had poorer lung function values: FEV (1) 45.2 % vs. 54 % (p = 0.037). Non-smoking patients with a history of maternal smoking had a 7-times higher exacerbation rate compared to patients without passive smoke exposure (p = 0.073). Paternal cigarette smoke exposure had no effect.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Causality', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Paternal Exposure', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Smoking', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,545,119 | Is femoral nerve blockade administered preclinically for pain relief in severe knee trauma more feasible and effective than intravenous metamizole : a randomized controlled trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Before clinical treatment and during transportation, the analgesic therapy offered to patients with painful knee trauma may be quite insufficient. We hypothesize that a femoral nerve blockade for analgesia can be administered in a preclinical setting at the injury site and provides better pain relief than intravenous metamizole, whose analgesic effect is comparable with that of opioids.",
"After an initial clinical investigation, 52 patients were randomized according to computer-generated codes; 26 patients received a femoral nerve blockade and 26 received metamizole. The treatment was started at the injury site and the level of pain on the 100-mm visual analog scale was assessed at the beginning and the end of treatment.",
"Pain and anxiety scores were significantly reduced by half in the femoral nerve blockade group; peripheral vasoconstriction was noted in 26 patients at the injury site and dropped to six at the time of arrival at the hospital. Two of 26 patients in the blockade group did not benefit from the treatment. In the metamizole group, pain and anxiety did not decrease significantly; vasoconstriction persisted in all patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Dipyrone",
"Female",
"Femoral Nerve",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intravenous",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Knee Injuries",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Block",
"Pain",
"Pain Management",
"Pain Measurement",
"Preoperative Care",
"Probability",
"Risk Assessment",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Patients with painful knee trauma benefited from femoral nerve blockade administered before hospitalization. The treatment can be administered safely in the preclinical setting and provides effective analgesia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is femoral nerve blockade administered preclinically for pain relief in severe knee trauma more feasible and effective than intravenous metamizole : a randomized controlled trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Before clinical treatment and during transportation, the analgesic therapy offered to patients with painful knee trauma may be quite insufficient. We hypothesize that a femoral nerve blockade for analgesia can be administered in a preclinical setting at the injury site and provides better pain relief than intravenous metamizole, whose analgesic effect is comparable with that of opioids.', 'After an initial clinical investigation, 52 patients were randomized according to computer-generated codes; 26 patients received a femoral nerve blockade and 26 received metamizole. The treatment was started at the injury site and the level of pain on the 100-mm visual analog scale was assessed at the beginning and the end of treatment.', 'Pain and anxiety scores were significantly reduced by half in the femoral nerve blockade group; peripheral vasoconstriction was noted in 26 patients at the injury site and dropped to six at the time of arrival at the hospital. Two of 26 patients in the blockade group did not benefit from the treatment. In the metamizole group, pain and anxiety did not decrease significantly; vasoconstriction persisted in all patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Dipyrone', 'Female', 'Femoral Nerve', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Knee Injuries', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Block', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Preoperative Care', 'Probability', 'Risk Assessment', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,704 | Is survival of ovarian cancer patients overexpressing the tumour antigen p53 diminished in case of MHC class I down-regulation? | {
"contexts": [
"The adaptive immune system seems to play an essential role in the natural course of ovarian cancer. Aim of this study was to establish whether disease-specific survival for patients expressing the tumour antigen p53 is influenced by MHC class I expression or the presence of p53 autoantibodies (p53-Aab).",
"P53 and MHC class I expression were analysed in ovarian cancer tissue of 329 patients by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. For 233 patients, pre-treatment serum samples were available to study the presence of p53 autoantibodies by ELISA. Data were linked to clinicopathological parameters and disease-specific survival.",
"P53 overexpression, MHC class I down-regulation in neoplastic cells and serum p53 autoantibodies were observed in 49.4, 38.9 and 15.9% of patients, respectively. MHC class I down-regulation in p53-overexpressing tumours correlated with a 10-month reduced disease-specific survival in univariate analysis (log-rank 4.10; p=0.043). p53-Aab were strongly correlated with p53 overexpression (p<0.001), but did not influence disease-specific survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Autoantibodies",
"Down-Regulation",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Survival Rate",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | As the prognosis of patients with p53-overexpressing ovarian cancer is affected by the MHC class I status of tumour cells and ovarian cancer patients can generate immune responses to the p53 tumour antigen, the further development of immunotherapy should evaluate strategies to improve MHC class I expression by tumour cells to facilitate antigen presentation in an attempt to increase clinical responses. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is survival of ovarian cancer patients overexpressing the tumour antigen p53 diminished in case of MHC class I down-regulation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The adaptive immune system seems to play an essential role in the natural course of ovarian cancer. Aim of this study was to establish whether disease-specific survival for patients expressing the tumour antigen p53 is influenced by MHC class I expression or the presence of p53 autoantibodies (p53-Aab).', 'P53 and MHC class I expression were analysed in ovarian cancer tissue of 329 patients by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. For 233 patients, pre-treatment serum samples were available to study the presence of p53 autoantibodies by ELISA. Data were linked to clinicopathological parameters and disease-specific survival.', 'P53 overexpression, MHC class I down-regulation in neoplastic cells and serum p53 autoantibodies were observed in 49.4, 38.9 and 15.9% of patients, respectively. MHC class I down-regulation in p53-overexpressing tumours correlated with a 10-month reduced disease-specific survival in univariate analysis (log-rank 4.10; p=0.043). p53-Aab were strongly correlated with p53 overexpression (p<0.001), but did not influence disease-specific survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Autoantibodies', 'Down-Regulation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,700 | Is pSA velocity associated with gleason score in radical prostatectomy specimen : marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness? | {
"contexts": [
"Conflicting evidence has been reported on the association of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) with Gleason score in prostate needle biopsy specimens. The Gleason score is an important prognostic indicator for men with prostate cancer, and, in modern practice, it frequently affects treatment decisions. To our knowledge, the relationship between preoperative PSAV and Gleason score in the radical prostatectomy specimen has not been formally demonstrated.",
"A total of 1049 men treated with radical prostatectomy had data on PSAV and Gleason score. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the preoperative PSAV and the prostatectomy Gleason score and other adverse tumor features.",
"The median preoperative PSAV was 0.84, 0.97, and 1.39 ng/mL/y in men with a Gleason score of 6, 7, and 8-10, respectively (P = .05). A PSAV greater than 2 ng/mL/y was significantly associated with a prostatectomy Gleason score of 7 or greater on univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, the preoperative PSAV was significantly lower in men with organ-confined disease (0.82 vs 1.17 ng/mL/y, respectively, P = .002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatectomy",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Our results have further validated PSAV as a marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness. The preoperative PSAV was a significant independent predictor of the Gleason score and non-organ-confined disease in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Thus, PSAV could be useful in treatment decision-making and in assessing the likelihood of long-term cancer control in men with prostate cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pSA velocity associated with gleason score in radical prostatectomy specimen : marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Conflicting evidence has been reported on the association of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) with Gleason score in prostate needle biopsy specimens. The Gleason score is an important prognostic indicator for men with prostate cancer, and, in modern practice, it frequently affects treatment decisions. To our knowledge, the relationship between preoperative PSAV and Gleason score in the radical prostatectomy specimen has not been formally demonstrated.', 'A total of 1049 men treated with radical prostatectomy had data on PSAV and Gleason score. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the preoperative PSAV and the prostatectomy Gleason score and other adverse tumor features.', 'The median preoperative PSAV was 0.84, 0.97, and 1.39 ng/mL/y in men with a Gleason score of 6, 7, and 8-10, respectively (P = .05). A PSAV greater than 2 ng/mL/y was significantly associated with a prostatectomy Gleason score of 7 or greater on univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, the preoperative PSAV was significantly lower in men with organ-confined disease (0.82 vs 1.17 ng/mL/y, respectively, P = .002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,708 | Does perinatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure alter the immune response and airway innervation in infant primates? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiologic studies associate environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure with childhood asthma.",
"To investigate whether specific pathophysiological alterations that contribute to asthma development in human beings can be induced in infant monkeys after perinatal ETS exposure.",
"Rhesus macaque fetuses/infants were exposed to ETS at 1 mg/m(3) of total suspended particulate matter from 50 days gestational age to 2.5 months postnatal age. Inflammatory and neural responses to ETS exposure were measured in the infant monkeys.",
"Perinatal ETS exposure could induce systemic and local responses, which include significant elevation of plasma levels of C5a and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as significant increases in pulmonary expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and T(H)2 cytokine IL-5, chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and the density of substance P-positive nerves along the bronchial epithelium. Perinatal ETS exposure also significantly increased the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the lungs of infant monkeys. In addition, ex vivo measurements showed significantly increased levels of IL-4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the culture supernatant of PBMCs. Interestingly, as an important component of cigarette smoke, LPS was detected in the plasma of infant monkeys subjected to perinatal exposure to ETS. In contrast, an inhibitory effect of perinatal ETS exposure was also observed, which is associated with decreased phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and a significantly decreased level of nerve growth factor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Complement C5a",
"Eosinophils",
"Female",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Lung",
"Macaca mulatta",
"Mast Cells",
"Maternal Exposure",
"Nerve Growth Factors",
"Neuropeptides",
"Pregnancy",
"Random Allocation",
"Th2 Cells",
"Tobacco Smoke Pollution",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Perinatal ETS exposure can induce a T(H)2-biased inflammatory response and alter airway innervation in infant monkeys. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does perinatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure alter the immune response and airway innervation in infant primates?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epidemiologic studies associate environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure with childhood asthma.', 'To investigate whether specific pathophysiological alterations that contribute to asthma development in human beings can be induced in infant monkeys after perinatal ETS exposure.', 'Rhesus macaque fetuses/infants were exposed to ETS at 1 mg/m(3) of total suspended particulate matter from 50 days gestational age to 2.5 months postnatal age. Inflammatory and neural responses to ETS exposure were measured in the infant monkeys.', 'Perinatal ETS exposure could induce systemic and local responses, which include significant elevation of plasma levels of C5a and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as significant increases in pulmonary expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and T(H)2 cytokine IL-5, chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and the density of substance P-positive nerves along the bronchial epithelium. Perinatal ETS exposure also significantly increased the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the lungs of infant monkeys. In addition, ex vivo measurements showed significantly increased levels of IL-4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the culture supernatant of PBMCs. Interestingly, as an important component of cigarette smoke, LPS was detected in the plasma of infant monkeys subjected to perinatal exposure to ETS. In contrast, an inhibitory effect of perinatal ETS exposure was also observed, which is associated with decreased phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and a significantly decreased level of nerve growth factor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Complement C5a', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Mast Cells', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neuropeptides', 'Pregnancy', 'Random Allocation', 'Th2 Cells', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,161 | Does genetic evidence from Indian red jungle fowl corroborate multiple domestication of modern day chicken? | {
"contexts": [
"Domestication of chicken is believed to have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in Indus valley. However, non-inclusion of Indian red jungle fowl (RJF), Gallus gallus murghi in previous studies has left a big gap in understanding the relationship of this major group of birds. In the present study, we addressed this issue by analyzing 76 Indian birds that included 56 G. g. murghi (RJF), 16 G. g. domesticus (domestic chicken) and 4 G. sonneratii (Grey JF) using both microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequences. We also compared the D-loop sequences of Indian birds with those of 779 birds obtained from GenBank.",
"Microsatellite marker analyses of Indian birds indicated an average FST of 0.126 within G. g. murghi, and 0.154 within G. g. domesticus while it was more than 0.2 between the two groups. The microsatellite-based phylogenetic trees showed a clear separation of G. g. domesticus from G. g. murghi, and G. sonneratii. Mitochondrial DNA based mismatch distribution analyses showed a lower Harpending's raggedness index in both G. g. murghi (0.001515) and in Indian G. g. domesticus (0.0149) birds indicating population expansion. When meta analysis of global populations of 855 birds was carried out using median joining haplotype network, 43 Indian birds of G. g. domesticus (19 haplotypes) were distributed throughout the network sharing haplotypes with the RJFs of different origins."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Domestic",
"Base Sequence",
"Chickens",
"DNA, Mitochondrial",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Genetic Variation",
"Haplotypes",
"India",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Phylogeny",
"Principal Component Analysis",
"Sequence Alignment"
]
} | Our results suggest that the domestication of chicken has occurred independently in different locations of Asia including India. We found evidence for domestication of Indian birds from G. g. spadiceus and G. g. gallus as well as from G. g. murghi, corroborating multiple domestication of Indian and other domestic chicken. In contrast to the commonly held view that RJF and domestic birds hybridize in nature, the present study shows that G. g. murghi is relatively pure. Further, the study also suggested that the chicken populations have undergone population expansion, especially in the Indus valley. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does genetic evidence from Indian red jungle fowl corroborate multiple domestication of modern day chicken?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Domestication of chicken is believed to have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in Indus valley. However, non-inclusion of Indian red jungle fowl (RJF), Gallus gallus murghi in previous studies has left a big gap in understanding the relationship of this major group of birds. In the present study, we addressed this issue by analyzing 76 Indian birds that included 56 G. g. murghi (RJF), 16 G. g. domesticus (domestic chicken) and 4 G. sonneratii (Grey JF) using both microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequences. We also compared the D-loop sequences of Indian birds with those of 779 birds obtained from GenBank.', \"Microsatellite marker analyses of Indian birds indicated an average FST of 0.126 within G. g. murghi, and 0.154 within G. g. domesticus while it was more than 0.2 between the two groups. The microsatellite-based phylogenetic trees showed a clear separation of G. g. domesticus from G. g. murghi, and G. sonneratii. Mitochondrial DNA based mismatch distribution analyses showed a lower Harpending's raggedness index in both G. g. murghi (0.001515) and in Indian G. g. domesticus (0.0149) birds indicating population expansion. When meta analysis of global populations of 855 birds was carried out using median joining haplotype network, 43 Indian birds of G. g. domesticus (19 haplotypes) were distributed throughout the network sharing haplotypes with the RJFs of different origins.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Base Sequence', 'Chickens', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haplotypes', 'India', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Sequence Alignment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,572,393 | Does low dietary folate impair glucose tolerance and plasma lipid profile in oral contraceptive-treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, impaired glucose tolerance and high prevalence of vascular complications. OC use has been shown to alter the requirements for folic acid. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify the influence of dietary folic acid on OC-induced impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal plasma lipid profile in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Vehicle-treated and OC-treated rats were fed for 6 weeks with a control diet (750mug folic acid/kg diet) while OC-treated folic acid deficient (FD) rats were fed for 6 weeks with a folic acid-deficient diet (250mug folic acid/kg diet). OC receiving rats were treated with a combination of OC steroids (ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel) by oral gavage. OC treatment resulted in rats receiving folic acid deficient diet in impaired glucose tolerance, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol when compared with control rats. However, OC treatment did not result in impaired glucose tolerance or disturbed plasma lipid profile in rats receiving the same folic acid level as the controls. OC treatment led to significant decreases in plasma levels of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone in both groups. OC administration in rats with folic acid deficient diet significantly lower HDL-cholesterol and higher LDL-cholesterol levels while plasma levels of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone were similar in both OC-treated groups."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": []
} | These results demonstrate impaired glucose tolerance and disturbed plasma lipid profile induced by OC treatment in folic acid deficient rats and suggest that inadequate folic acid intake might contribute to increased cardiovascular risk during OC use that could be prevented by proper oral folic acid intake. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low dietary folate impair glucose tolerance and plasma lipid profile in oral contraceptive-treated rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, impaired glucose tolerance and high prevalence of vascular complications. OC use has been shown to alter the requirements for folic acid. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify the influence of dietary folic acid on OC-induced impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal plasma lipid profile in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Vehicle-treated and OC-treated rats were fed for 6 weeks with a control diet (750mug folic acid/kg diet) while OC-treated folic acid deficient (FD) rats were fed for 6 weeks with a folic acid-deficient diet (250mug folic acid/kg diet). OC receiving rats were treated with a combination of OC steroids (ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel) by oral gavage. OC treatment resulted in rats receiving folic acid deficient diet in impaired glucose tolerance, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol when compared with control rats. However, OC treatment did not result in impaired glucose tolerance or disturbed plasma lipid profile in rats receiving the same folic acid level as the controls. OC treatment led to significant decreases in plasma levels of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone in both groups. OC administration in rats with folic acid deficient diet significantly lower HDL-cholesterol and higher LDL-cholesterol levels while plasma levels of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone were similar in both OC-treated groups.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,335 | Does transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 have a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"The transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) is an osmosensitive channel that responds to mechanical stimulation. We hypothesized that TRPV4 could be important in visceral nociception and in the development of hypersensitivity.",
"TRPV4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Calcium signaling and patch-clamp studies were performed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons validating the use of 4alphaPDD as a selective TRPV4 agonist. The effects of TRPV4 activation on visceral nociception were evaluated in mice that received intracolonically TRPV4 agonist (4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate [4alphaPDD]) and in TRPV4-deficient mice in which abdominal muscle contractions in response to colorectal distention (CRD) were recorded. Intervertebral injections of TRPV4 or mismatch small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to specifically down-regulate TRPV4 expression in sensory neurons and to investigate the role of TRPV4 in basal visceral nociception or in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)) activation-induced visceral hypersensitivity.",
"TRPV4 agonist 4alphaPDD specifically activated a cationic current and calcium influx in colonic projections of DRG neurons and caused dose-dependent visceral hypersensitivity. TRPV4-targeted but not mismatched siRNA intervertebral treatments were effective at reducing basal visceral nociception, as well as 4alphaPDD or PAR(2) agonist-induced hypersensitivity. Effects of the TRPV4 ligand were lost in TRPV4-deficient mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Calcium Signaling",
"Colon",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Neurons, Afferent",
"Pain Threshold",
"Phorbol Esters",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Spinal Cord",
"TRPV Cation Channels",
"Viscera"
]
} | 4alphaPDD selectively activates TRPV4 in sensory neurons projecting from the colon, and TRPV4 activation causes visceral hypersensitivity. TRPV4 activation is implicated in the nociceptive response to CRD in basal conditions and in PAR(2) agonist-induced hypersensitivity. These results suggest a pivotal role for TRPV4 in visceral nociception and hypersensitivity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 have a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) is an osmosensitive channel that responds to mechanical stimulation. We hypothesized that TRPV4 could be important in visceral nociception and in the development of hypersensitivity.', 'TRPV4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Calcium signaling and patch-clamp studies were performed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons validating the use of 4alphaPDD as a selective TRPV4 agonist. The effects of TRPV4 activation on visceral nociception were evaluated in mice that received intracolonically TRPV4 agonist (4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate [4alphaPDD]) and in TRPV4-deficient mice in which abdominal muscle contractions in response to colorectal distention (CRD) were recorded. Intervertebral injections of TRPV4 or mismatch small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to specifically down-regulate TRPV4 expression in sensory neurons and to investigate the role of TRPV4 in basal visceral nociception or in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)) activation-induced visceral hypersensitivity.', 'TRPV4 agonist 4alphaPDD specifically activated a cationic current and calcium influx in colonic projections of DRG neurons and caused dose-dependent visceral hypersensitivity. TRPV4-targeted but not mismatched siRNA intervertebral treatments were effective at reducing basal visceral nociception, as well as 4alphaPDD or PAR(2) agonist-induced hypersensitivity. Effects of the TRPV4 ligand were lost in TRPV4-deficient mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Colon', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Pain Threshold', 'Phorbol Esters', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Spinal Cord', 'TRPV Cation Channels', 'Viscera']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,339 | Does glycine attenuate endotoxin-induced liver injury by downregulating TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Several experimental studies have observed better outcomes after glycine treatment in patients with endotoxin-induced liver injuries, but its molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that glycine attenuates endotoxin-induced liver injury by affecting endotoxin signal transduction in liver macrophages.",
"An animal model of endotoxin-induced liver injury was established by intraperitoneally injecting mice with 10 mg/kg body weight endotoxin fed a pretreatment diet with or without 5% (w/w) glycine. Blood and liver samples were obtained for analysis of liver morphology and to determine concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, endotoxin receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-10 at various time points after injection. To investigate the effect of glycine on liver macrophages, Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated and challenged by LPS (100 ng/mL), with or without glycine (4 mmol/l) pretreatment, and the expressions of TLR4, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were assayed at mRNA and protein levels. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) was also analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.",
"Dietary glycine significantly improved the survival rate of endotoxemic mice (P < .05), whereas serum alanine aminotransferase and TNF-alpha levels were significantly decreased at different time points (P < .05); IL-10 levels were increased (P < .05). Concurrently, LPS-induced hepatic tissue injury was attenuated as indicated by morphologic analysis; secretion of IL-10 in liver tissue (P < .05) was enhanced; and expression of TLR4 and TNF-alpha in liver tissue was downregulated (P < .05). Consistent with these in vivo experiments, enhanced secretion of IL-10 and inhibited expression of TLR4 and TNF-alpha caused by glycine pretreatment were also observed in LPS-stimulated KCs. NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was also significantly inhibited by glycine (P < .05, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Glycine",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Liver Diseases",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Signal Transduction",
"Toll-Like Receptor 4"
]
} | Dietary glycine improved survival rates and liver function in endotoxemic mice by regulating the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver. It attenuated liver injury by deactivating KCs through inhibiting TNF-alpha secretion and increasing IL-10 production. The downregulative effect of glycine on the endotoxin signaling pathway and TLR4/NF-kappaB/TNF-alpha may be a novel potential mechanism by which glycine inhibits KC activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does glycine attenuate endotoxin-induced liver injury by downregulating TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several experimental studies have observed better outcomes after glycine treatment in patients with endotoxin-induced liver injuries, but its molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that glycine attenuates endotoxin-induced liver injury by affecting endotoxin signal transduction in liver macrophages.', 'An animal model of endotoxin-induced liver injury was established by intraperitoneally injecting mice with 10 mg/kg body weight endotoxin fed a pretreatment diet with or without 5% (w/w) glycine. Blood and liver samples were obtained for analysis of liver morphology and to determine concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, endotoxin receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-10 at various time points after injection. To investigate the effect of glycine on liver macrophages, Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated and challenged by LPS (100 ng/mL), with or without glycine (4 mmol/l) pretreatment, and the expressions of TLR4, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were assayed at mRNA and protein levels. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) was also analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'Dietary glycine significantly improved the survival rate of endotoxemic mice (P < .05), whereas serum alanine aminotransferase and TNF-alpha levels were significantly decreased at different time points (P < .05); IL-10 levels were increased (P < .05). Concurrently, LPS-induced hepatic tissue injury was attenuated as indicated by morphologic analysis; secretion of IL-10 in liver tissue (P < .05) was enhanced; and expression of TLR4 and TNF-alpha in liver tissue was downregulated (P < .05). Consistent with these in vivo experiments, enhanced secretion of IL-10 and inhibited expression of TLR4 and TNF-alpha caused by glycine pretreatment were also observed in LPS-stimulated KCs. NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was also significantly inhibited by glycine (P < .05, respectively).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Glycine', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,443 | Does atomoxetine reverse attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex? | {
"contexts": [
"The majority of studies assessing executive function in attention deficit disorder (ADD) have shown deficits in attentional set shifting using either the Wisconsin card sorting task or the intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional set-shifting task (ID/ED). Damage to the prefrontal cortex in humans, primates, and rodents impairs extra-dimensional (ED) shifts. Noradrenergic depletion of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats is sufficient to impair attentional set shifting. Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitor, is hypothesized to produce beneficial effects in patient with ADD by augmenting NE release in prefrontal cortex.",
"We assessed the effects of systemic administration of atomoxetine (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg/ml) in normal and noradrenergically lesioned (NE-LX) rats on attentional-set shifts. We replicated findings showing NE-LX rats are selectively impaired on the ED shifts but not reversals or other discriminations.",
"Atomoxetine remediated the attentional set-shifting impairments in NE-LX rats but impaired ED performance of non-lesioned rats."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors",
"Animals",
"Atomoxetine Hydrochloride",
"Attention",
"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity",
"Behavior, Animal",
"Discrimination Learning",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Norepinephrine",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Propylamines",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Rats",
"Rats, Long-Evans"
]
} | Though atomoxetine is neurochemically selective, it is not wholly specific at doses >0.3 mg/kg. All doses of the drug were similar in their efficacy in reversing the ED deficit, but the effectiveness of the 0.1 mg/kg dose supports the hypothesis that increases in prefrontal NE alone are sufficient to improve attention in NE-LX rats. Moreover, the detrimental effects of the drug in non-lesioned rats support the hypothesis that optimal levels of NE in prefrontal cortex are critical to attentional set shifting with both supra- and sub-optimal levels producing attentional impairments. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does atomoxetine reverse attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The majority of studies assessing executive function in attention deficit disorder (ADD) have shown deficits in attentional set shifting using either the Wisconsin card sorting task or the intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional set-shifting task (ID/ED). Damage to the prefrontal cortex in humans, primates, and rodents impairs extra-dimensional (ED) shifts. Noradrenergic depletion of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats is sufficient to impair attentional set shifting. Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitor, is hypothesized to produce beneficial effects in patient with ADD by augmenting NE release in prefrontal cortex.', 'We assessed the effects of systemic administration of atomoxetine (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg/ml) in normal and noradrenergically lesioned (NE-LX) rats on attentional-set shifts. We replicated findings showing NE-LX rats are selectively impaired on the ED shifts but not reversals or other discriminations.', 'Atomoxetine remediated the attentional set-shifting impairments in NE-LX rats but impaired ED performance of non-lesioned rats.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Atomoxetine Hydrochloride', 'Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Norepinephrine', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Propylamines', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,825 | Does long-term NSAID treatment directly decrease COX-2 and mPGES-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To simultaneously study the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and that of a classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the cartilage of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in cultured human OA chondrocytes.",
"A 3-month clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients with severe knee OA scheduled for knee replacement surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: patients treated with celecoxib (CBX) and patients treated with aceclofenac (ACF). OA patients who did not want to be treated served as the control group. After surgery, cartilage was processed for molecular biology studies. We also employed cultured chondrocytes from different OA patients to examine NSAID effects on pro-inflammatory gene expression in cells stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta.",
"Both CBX and ACF inhibited COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) synthesis in the articular cartilage of OA patients. In cultured chondrocytes, both NSAID decreased COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release induced by IL-1beta, while no effect was observed on nitric oxide or iNOS synthesis. In OA patients, only CBX decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta expression in the cartilage, while both NSAID diminished IL-1beta induced cytokine synthesis in cultured OA chondrocytes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Celecoxib",
"Chondrocytes",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Diclofenac",
"Dinoprostone",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1",
"Male",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Osteoarthritis, Knee",
"Pyrazoles",
"Sulfonamides",
"Synovial Membrane"
]
} | Both NSAID diminished PGE2 release and induced a decrease in COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage from OA patients and in OA chondrocytes. These data suggest that prolonged therapy with PGE2 blocking agents decreases PGE2 production not only by direct inhibition of COX-2 activity, but also by down-regulating COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage. However, CBX and ACF seem to have a different anti-inflammatory profile in controlling pro-inflammatory gene expression in the cartilage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does long-term NSAID treatment directly decrease COX-2 and mPGES-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To simultaneously study the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and that of a classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the cartilage of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in cultured human OA chondrocytes.', 'A 3-month clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients with severe knee OA scheduled for knee replacement surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: patients treated with celecoxib (CBX) and patients treated with aceclofenac (ACF). OA patients who did not want to be treated served as the control group. After surgery, cartilage was processed for molecular biology studies. We also employed cultured chondrocytes from different OA patients to examine NSAID effects on pro-inflammatory gene expression in cells stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta.', 'Both CBX and ACF inhibited COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) synthesis in the articular cartilage of OA patients. In cultured chondrocytes, both NSAID decreased COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release induced by IL-1beta, while no effect was observed on nitric oxide or iNOS synthesis. In OA patients, only CBX decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta expression in the cartilage, while both NSAID diminished IL-1beta induced cytokine synthesis in cultured OA chondrocytes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Celecoxib', 'Chondrocytes', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Diclofenac', 'Dinoprostone', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Pyrazoles', 'Sulfonamides', 'Synovial Membrane']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,117 | Are preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis : soluble Tie-2? | {
"contexts": [
"An anti-angiogenic state has been described in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses and fetal death, and changes in the concentration of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors can precede the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and SGA by several weeks. Gene deletion studies demonstrate that a selective group of endothelial growth factors are required for vascular development, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, as well as angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), both ligands for the tyrosine kinase endothelial cell receptor Tie-2. These angiogenic factors have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in a coordinated and complementary fashion. Soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2) is the soluble form of the Tie-2 receptor, which is detectable in biological fluids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with preeclampsia and mothers who deliver a SGA neonate have changes in the plasma concentrations of sTie-2.",
"This cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 40), (2) women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), (3) patients with preeclampsia (n = 112), and (4) patients who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 53). Maternal plasma concentrations of sTie-2 were measured by a sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis.",
"(1) The median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 was lower in normal pregnant women than in non-pregnant women [median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6) vs. median 20.7 ng/mL (range 10.8-52.4), respectively; p = 0.01)). (2) Plasma sTie-2 concentrations in normal pregnancy changed significantly as a function of gestational age. (3) Patients with preeclampsia and those who delivered SGA neonates had a lower median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 than those with a normal pregnancy [preeclampsia: median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3); SGA: median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1); normal pregnancy: median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6); p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively]. (4) Patients with SGA neonates had a lower median plasma concentration of sTie-2 than that of those with preeclampsia [median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1) vs. median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3), respectively; p < 0.001]. (5) Patients with early-onset preeclampsia (<or=34 weeks) had lower concentrations of sTie-2 than women with late-onset preeclampsia (>34 weeks) median of delta values: -0.13 ng/mL (range -0.47-0.58) vs. median of delta values: -0.09 ng/mL (range: -0.60-0.58), respectively; p = 0.043]. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the maternal plasma sTie-2 concentration between women with severe and mild preeclampsia (p = 0.6)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Small for Gestational Age",
"Pre-Eclampsia",
"Pregnancy",
"Prenatal Diagnosis",
"Receptor, TIE-2"
]
} | Patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA fetuses have lower median plasma concentrations of soluble Tie-2 than women with normal pregnancies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis : soluble Tie-2?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An anti-angiogenic state has been described in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses and fetal death, and changes in the concentration of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors can precede the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and SGA by several weeks. Gene deletion studies demonstrate that a selective group of endothelial growth factors are required for vascular development, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, as well as angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), both ligands for the tyrosine kinase endothelial cell receptor Tie-2. These angiogenic factors have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in a coordinated and complementary fashion. Soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2) is the soluble form of the Tie-2 receptor, which is detectable in biological fluids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with preeclampsia and mothers who deliver a SGA neonate have changes in the plasma concentrations of sTie-2.', 'This cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 40), (2) women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), (3) patients with preeclampsia (n = 112), and (4) patients who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 53). Maternal plasma concentrations of sTie-2 were measured by a sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis.', '(1) The median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 was lower in normal pregnant women than in non-pregnant women [median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6) vs. median 20.7 ng/mL (range 10.8-52.4), respectively; p = 0.01)). (2) Plasma sTie-2 concentrations in normal pregnancy changed significantly as a function of gestational age. (3) Patients with preeclampsia and those who delivered SGA neonates had a lower median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 than those with a normal pregnancy [preeclampsia: median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3); SGA: median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1); normal pregnancy: median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6); p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively]. (4) Patients with SGA neonates had a lower median plasma concentration of sTie-2 than that of those with preeclampsia [median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1) vs. median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3), respectively; p < 0.001]. (5) Patients with early-onset preeclampsia (<or=34 weeks) had lower concentrations of sTie-2 than women with late-onset preeclampsia (>34 weeks) median of delta values: -0.13 ng/mL (range -0.47-0.58) vs. median of delta values: -0.09 ng/mL (range: -0.60-0.58), respectively; p = 0.043]. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the maternal plasma sTie-2 concentration between women with severe and mild preeclampsia (p = 0.6).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Receptor, TIE-2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,587 | Does a brief prehospital stroke severity scale identify ischemic stroke patients harboring persisting large arterial occlusions? | {
"contexts": [
"The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a brief 3-item stroke severity assessment measure designed for prehospital and Emergency Department use.",
"The LAMS and NIHSS were scored in under-12-hour acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients. Stroke severity ratings were correlated with cervicocerebral vascular occlusion on CTA, MRA, and catheter angiography. Receiver operating curves, c statistics, and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate the predictive value for vascular occlusion of stroke severity ratings.",
"Among 119 patients, mean age was 67 (+/-18), 45% were male. Time from onset to ED arrival was mean 190 minutes (range 10 to 660). Persisting large vessel occlusions (PLVOs) were present in 62% of patients. LAMS stroke severity scores were higher in patients harboring a vascular occlusion, median 5 (IQR 4 to 5) versus 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Similarly, NIHSS stroke severity scores were higher in PLVO patients, 19 (14 to 24) versus 5 (3 to 7). ROC curves demonstrated that the LAMS was highly effective in identifying patients with PLVOs, c statistic 0.854. At the optimal threshold of 4 or higher, LAMS scores showed sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.89, and overall accuracy 0.85. LAMS performance was comparable to NIHSS performance (c statistic 0.933). The positive likelihood ratio associated with a LAMS score > or = 4 was 7.36 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.21."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Emergency Medical Services",
"Female",
"Hand Strength",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Movement",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Neurologic Examination",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stroke"
]
} | Stroke severity assessed by the LAMS predicts presence of large artery anterior circulation occlusion with high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMS is a promising instrument for use by prehospital personnel to identify select stroke patients for direct transport to Comprehensive Stroke Centers capable of endovascular interventions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a brief prehospital stroke severity scale identify ischemic stroke patients harboring persisting large arterial occlusions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a brief 3-item stroke severity assessment measure designed for prehospital and Emergency Department use.', 'The LAMS and NIHSS were scored in under-12-hour acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients. Stroke severity ratings were correlated with cervicocerebral vascular occlusion on CTA, MRA, and catheter angiography. Receiver operating curves, c statistics, and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate the predictive value for vascular occlusion of stroke severity ratings.', 'Among 119 patients, mean age was 67 (+/-18), 45% were male. Time from onset to ED arrival was mean 190 minutes (range 10 to 660). Persisting large vessel occlusions (PLVOs) were present in 62% of patients. LAMS stroke severity scores were higher in patients harboring a vascular occlusion, median 5 (IQR 4 to 5) versus 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Similarly, NIHSS stroke severity scores were higher in PLVO patients, 19 (14 to 24) versus 5 (3 to 7). ROC curves demonstrated that the LAMS was highly effective in identifying patients with PLVOs, c statistic 0.854. At the optimal threshold of 4 or higher, LAMS scores showed sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.89, and overall accuracy 0.85. LAMS performance was comparable to NIHSS performance (c statistic 0.933). The positive likelihood ratio associated with a LAMS score > or = 4 was 7.36 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.21.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,585 | Does geometry of the carotid bifurcation predict its exposure to disturbed flow? | {
"contexts": [
"That certain vessels might be at so-called geometric risk of atherosclerosis rests on assumptions of wide interindividual variations in disturbed flow and of a direct relationship between disturbed flow and lumen geometry. In testing these often-implicit assumptions, the present study aimed to determine whether investigations of local risk factors in atherosclerosis can indeed rely on surrogate geometric markers of disturbed flow.",
"Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on carotid bifurcation geometries derived from MRI of 25 young adults. Disturbed flow was quantified as the surface area exposed to low and oscillatory shear beyond objectively-defined thresholds. Interindividual variations in disturbed flow were contextualized with respect to effects of uncertainties in imaging and geometric reconstruction. Relationships between disturbed flow and various geometric factors were tested via multiple regression.",
"Relatively wide variations in disturbed flow were observed among the 50 vessels. Multiple regression revealed a significant (P<0.002) relationship between disturbed flow and both proximal area ratio (beta approximately 0.5) and bifurcation tortuosity (beta approximately -0.4), but not bifurcation angle, planarity, or distal area ratio. These findings were shown to be insensitive to assumptions about the flow conditions and to the choice of disturbed flow indicator and threshold."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Cardiovascular",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Pulsatile Flow",
"Regression Analysis",
"Risk Factors",
"Stress, Mechanical"
]
} | Certain geometric features of the young adult carotid bifurcation are robust surrogate markers of its exposure to disturbed flow. It may therefore be reasonable to consider large-scale retrospective or prospective imaging studies of local risk factors for atherosclerosis without the need for time-consuming and expensive flow imaging or CFD studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does geometry of the carotid bifurcation predict its exposure to disturbed flow?\nContext: {'contexts': ['That certain vessels might be at so-called geometric risk of atherosclerosis rests on assumptions of wide interindividual variations in disturbed flow and of a direct relationship between disturbed flow and lumen geometry. In testing these often-implicit assumptions, the present study aimed to determine whether investigations of local risk factors in atherosclerosis can indeed rely on surrogate geometric markers of disturbed flow.', 'Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on carotid bifurcation geometries derived from MRI of 25 young adults. Disturbed flow was quantified as the surface area exposed to low and oscillatory shear beyond objectively-defined thresholds. Interindividual variations in disturbed flow were contextualized with respect to effects of uncertainties in imaging and geometric reconstruction. Relationships between disturbed flow and various geometric factors were tested via multiple regression.', 'Relatively wide variations in disturbed flow were observed among the 50 vessels. Multiple regression revealed a significant (P<0.002) relationship between disturbed flow and both proximal area ratio (beta approximately 0.5) and bifurcation tortuosity (beta approximately -0.4), but not bifurcation angle, planarity, or distal area ratio. These findings were shown to be insensitive to assumptions about the flow conditions and to the choice of disturbed flow indicator and threshold.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Mechanical']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,556,588 | Does early disruption of the blood-brain barrier after thrombolytic therapy predict hemorrhage in patients with acute stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Leaks of the blood-brain barrier can be detected on postcontrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRIs. Although early disruptions of the blood-brain barrier appear to be an important risk factor for tissue plasminogen activator-related hemorrhages in rodents, little is known about their incidence and consequences in human stroke.",
"This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected stroke database over the past 6 years. In 52 patients, multimodal MRI (including diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted, and postcontrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI to detect blood-brain barrier changes) had been performed immediately before systemic thrombolysis and in 48 patients within a median of 30 minutes (interquartile range: 30 to 60 minutes) after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment. The incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage (SICH), defined as any parenchymal hemorrhage leading to deterioration in the patient's clinical condition, was related to several clinical and imaging variables, including early blood-brain barrier changes.",
"Overall, SICH was detected in 9 (9%) patients and among these, 2 died. Although no blood-brain barrier changes were detectable before thrombolysis, 3 of 48 patients (6.25%) had a parenchymal gadolinium enhancement in the areas of initial infarction after tissue plasminogen activator treatment. All 3 patients developed SICHs at sites corresponding to the areas of enhancement. The presence of a parenchymal enhancement was significantly associated with SICH (P<0.01), whereas other clinical and imaging variables did not predict SICH in this series."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Early parenchymal enhancement after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator is significantly associated with subsequent SICH and could therefore become a useful imaging sign for the rapid initiation of preventive strategies in the future. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does early disruption of the blood-brain barrier after thrombolytic therapy predict hemorrhage in patients with acute stroke?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Leaks of the blood-brain barrier can be detected on postcontrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRIs. Although early disruptions of the blood-brain barrier appear to be an important risk factor for tissue plasminogen activator-related hemorrhages in rodents, little is known about their incidence and consequences in human stroke.', \"This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected stroke database over the past 6 years. In 52 patients, multimodal MRI (including diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted, and postcontrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI to detect blood-brain barrier changes) had been performed immediately before systemic thrombolysis and in 48 patients within a median of 30 minutes (interquartile range: 30 to 60 minutes) after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment. The incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage (SICH), defined as any parenchymal hemorrhage leading to deterioration in the patient's clinical condition, was related to several clinical and imaging variables, including early blood-brain barrier changes.\", 'Overall, SICH was detected in 9 (9%) patients and among these, 2 died. Although no blood-brain barrier changes were detectable before thrombolysis, 3 of 48 patients (6.25%) had a parenchymal gadolinium enhancement in the areas of initial infarction after tissue plasminogen activator treatment. All 3 patients developed SICHs at sites corresponding to the areas of enhancement. The presence of a parenchymal enhancement was significantly associated with SICH (P<0.01), whereas other clinical and imaging variables did not predict SICH in this series.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,634 | Do tacrolimus and TGF-beta act synergistically on the generation of Langerhans cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The proportion of dendritic cell subpopulations in the skin is important for the severity of atopic dermatitis because topical treatment with tacrolimus leads to rapid depletion of inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells, whereas Langerhans cells (LCs) predominate in cured sites.",
"The effects of tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 on LC differentiation and the idea of tacrolimus skewing the differentiation of epidermal precursors to LCs were evaluated.",
"The presence of LC markers, MHC, and costimulatory molecules and stimulatory capacity toward T cells of monocyte-derived LCs were analyzed. Skin samples of patients with atopic dermatitis were assessed by means of immunofluorescence microscopy before and after tacrolimus treatment. TGF-beta production of skin cells was analyzed.",
"Tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 act synergistically on the generation of LCs and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC II; stabilize TGF-beta receptor II expression; and decrease the stimulatory capacity of LCs toward T cells. In vivo the number of epidermal LCs in tacrolimus-treated skin increased."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cytokines",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Drug Synergism",
"Epidermis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Langerhans Cells",
"Male",
"Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II",
"Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Tacrolimus",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1"
]
} | The synergism between TGF-beta1 and tacrolimus leads to the generation of LCs, reduced expression of costimulatory and MHC II molecules, and reduced stimulatory activity. Shifting the balance of the dendritic cell population to LCs might be of major importance for the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do tacrolimus and TGF-beta act synergistically on the generation of Langerhans cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The proportion of dendritic cell subpopulations in the skin is important for the severity of atopic dermatitis because topical treatment with tacrolimus leads to rapid depletion of inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells, whereas Langerhans cells (LCs) predominate in cured sites.', 'The effects of tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 on LC differentiation and the idea of tacrolimus skewing the differentiation of epidermal precursors to LCs were evaluated.', 'The presence of LC markers, MHC, and costimulatory molecules and stimulatory capacity toward T cells of monocyte-derived LCs were analyzed. Skin samples of patients with atopic dermatitis were assessed by means of immunofluorescence microscopy before and after tacrolimus treatment. TGF-beta production of skin cells was analyzed.', 'Tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 act synergistically on the generation of LCs and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC II; stabilize TGF-beta receptor II expression; and decrease the stimulatory capacity of LCs toward T cells. In vivo the number of epidermal LCs in tacrolimus-treated skin increased.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Drug Synergism', 'Epidermis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Langerhans Cells', 'Male', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II', 'Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tacrolimus', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,953 | Do wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children? | {
"contexts": [
"Virus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy often precede the development of asthma. Whether infections with specific viral pathogens confer differential future asthma risk is incompletely understood.",
"To define the relationship between specific viral illnesses and early childhood asthma development.",
"A total of 259 children were followed prospectively from birth to 6 years of age. The etiology and timing of specific viral wheezing respiratory illnesses during early childhood were assessed using nasal lavage, culture, and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships of these virus-specific wheezing illnesses and other risk factors to the development of asthma were analyzed.",
"Viral etiologies were identified in 90% of wheezing illnesses. From birth to age 3 years, wheezing with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (odds ratio [OR], 2.6), rhinovirus (RV) (OR, 9.8), or both RV and RSV (OR , 10) was associated with increased asthma risk at age 6 years. In Year 1, both RV wheezing (OR, 2.8) and aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.6) independently increased asthma risk at age 6 years. By age 3 years, wheezing with RV (OR, 25.6) was more strongly associated with asthma at age 6 years than aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.4). Nearly 90% (26 of 30) of children who wheezed with RV in Year 3 had asthma at 6 years of age."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunization",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Odds Ratio",
"Picornaviridae Infections",
"Prospective Studies",
"Respiratory Sounds",
"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections",
"Risk Factors",
"Skin Tests"
]
} | Among outpatient viral wheezing illnesses in infancy and early childhood, those caused by RV infections are the most significant predictors of the subsequent development of asthma at age 6 years in a high-risk birth cohort. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Virus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy often precede the development of asthma. Whether infections with specific viral pathogens confer differential future asthma risk is incompletely understood.', 'To define the relationship between specific viral illnesses and early childhood asthma development.', 'A total of 259 children were followed prospectively from birth to 6 years of age. The etiology and timing of specific viral wheezing respiratory illnesses during early childhood were assessed using nasal lavage, culture, and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships of these virus-specific wheezing illnesses and other risk factors to the development of asthma were analyzed.', 'Viral etiologies were identified in 90% of wheezing illnesses. From birth to age 3 years, wheezing with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (odds ratio [OR], 2.6), rhinovirus (RV) (OR, 9.8), or both RV and RSV (OR , 10) was associated with increased asthma risk at age 6 years. In Year 1, both RV wheezing (OR, 2.8) and aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.6) independently increased asthma risk at age 6 years. By age 3 years, wheezing with RV (OR, 25.6) was more strongly associated with asthma at age 6 years than aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.4). Nearly 90% (26 of 30) of children who wheezed with RV in Year 3 had asthma at 6 years of age.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Tests']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,182 | Are tumour malignancy loss and cell differentiation associated with induction of gef gene in human melanoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene therapy is a new method used to induce cancer cell differentiation. Our group previously showed that transfection of the gef gene from Escherichia coli, related to cell-killing functions, may be a novel candidate for cancer gene therapy. Its expression leads to cell cycle arrest unrelated to the triggering of apoptosis in MS-36 melanoma cells.",
"To determine the basis of the antiproliferative effect of the gef gene in this cell line.",
"Transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis analysis by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used.",
"Ultrastructural analysis showed a strikingly different morphology after treatment with dexamethasone and expression of the gef gene, with large accumulations of pigment throughout the cell cytoplasm and presence of melanosomes in different stages of development. High mitochondrial turnover and myeloid bodies, characteristics of neurone cells, were also observed. In addition, both immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in HMB-45, Ki-67 and CD44 antigen expression and an increase in S100 and p53 expression in gef gene-transfected MS-36 melanoma cells that were correlated with the duration of dexamethasone treatment. In the present work, we report that gef gene not only reduces cell proliferation in transfected melanoma MS-36TG cell line but also induces morphological changes clearly indicative of melanoma cell differentiation and a reduction in tumour malignancy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Proliferation",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Dexamethasone",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronan Receptors",
"Melanoma",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Microscopy, Electron",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Skin Neoplasms",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transfection",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | These findings support the hypothesis that the gef gene offers a new approach to differentiation therapy in melanoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are tumour malignancy loss and cell differentiation associated with induction of gef gene in human melanoma cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gene therapy is a new method used to induce cancer cell differentiation. Our group previously showed that transfection of the gef gene from Escherichia coli, related to cell-killing functions, may be a novel candidate for cancer gene therapy. Its expression leads to cell cycle arrest unrelated to the triggering of apoptosis in MS-36 melanoma cells.', 'To determine the basis of the antiproliferative effect of the gef gene in this cell line.', 'Transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis analysis by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used.', 'Ultrastructural analysis showed a strikingly different morphology after treatment with dexamethasone and expression of the gef gene, with large accumulations of pigment throughout the cell cytoplasm and presence of melanosomes in different stages of development. High mitochondrial turnover and myeloid bodies, characteristics of neurone cells, were also observed. In addition, both immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in HMB-45, Ki-67 and CD44 antigen expression and an increase in S100 and p53 expression in gef gene-transfected MS-36 melanoma cells that were correlated with the duration of dexamethasone treatment. In the present work, we report that gef gene not only reduces cell proliferation in transfected melanoma MS-36TG cell line but also induces morphological changes clearly indicative of melanoma cell differentiation and a reduction in tumour malignancy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dexamethasone', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Melanoma', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,298 | Does extended-release niacin alter the metabolism of plasma apolipoprotein ( Apo ) A-I and ApoB-containing lipoproteins? | {
"contexts": [
"Extended-release niacin effectively lowers plasma TG levels and raises plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear.",
"We examined the effects of extended-release niacin (2 g/d) and extended-release niacin (2 g/d) plus lovastatin (40 mg/d), relative to placebo, on the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in HDL, apoB-100 in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and apoB-48 in TRL in 5 men with combined hyperlipidemia. Niacin significantly increased HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations, associated with a significant increase in apoA-I production rate (PR) and no change in fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Plasma TRL apoB-100 levels were significantly lowered by niacin, accompanied by a trend toward an increase in FCR and no change in PR. Niacin treatment significantly increased TRL apoB-48 FCR but had no effect on apoB-48 PR. No effects of niacin on concentrations or kinetic parameters of IDL and LDL apoB-100 and HDL apoA-II were noted. The addition of lovastatin to niacin promoted a lowering in LDL apoB-100 attributable to increased LDL apoB-100 FCR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Apolipoprotein A-I",
"Apolipoprotein A-II",
"Apolipoprotein B-100",
"Apolipoprotein B-48",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Delayed-Action Preparations",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Humans",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Hyperlipidemias",
"Hypolipidemic Agents",
"Kinetics",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Lovastatin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Niacin",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Niacin treatment was associated with significant increases in HDL apoA-I concentrations and production, as well as enhanced clearance of TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does extended-release niacin alter the metabolism of plasma apolipoprotein ( Apo ) A-I and ApoB-containing lipoproteins?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Extended-release niacin effectively lowers plasma TG levels and raises plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear.', 'We examined the effects of extended-release niacin (2 g/d) and extended-release niacin (2 g/d) plus lovastatin (40 mg/d), relative to placebo, on the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in HDL, apoB-100 in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and apoB-48 in TRL in 5 men with combined hyperlipidemia. Niacin significantly increased HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations, associated with a significant increase in apoA-I production rate (PR) and no change in fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Plasma TRL apoB-100 levels were significantly lowered by niacin, accompanied by a trend toward an increase in FCR and no change in PR. Niacin treatment significantly increased TRL apoB-48 FCR but had no effect on apoB-48 PR. No effects of niacin on concentrations or kinetic parameters of IDL and LDL apoB-100 and HDL apoA-II were noted. The addition of lovastatin to niacin promoted a lowering in LDL apoB-100 attributable to increased LDL apoB-100 FCR.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-II', 'Apolipoprotein B-100', 'Apolipoprotein B-48', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Kinetics', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lovastatin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Niacin', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,295 | Do atorvastatin and fenofibrate have comparable effects on VLDL-apolipoprotein C-III kinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia that may accelerate atherosclerosis. Disturbed apolipoprotein (apo) C-III metabolism may account for dyslipidemia in these subjects. Atorvastatin and fenofibrate decrease plasma apoC-III, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.",
"The effects of atorvastatin (40 mg/d) and fenofibrate (200 mg/d) on the kinetics of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-apoC-III were investigated in a crossover trial of 11 MetS men. VLDL-apoC-III kinetics were studied, after intravenous d(3)-leucine administration using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling. Compared with placebo, both atorvastatin and fenofibrate significantly decreased (P<0.001) plasma concentrations of triglyceride, apoB, apoB-48, and total apoC-III. Atorvastatin, not fenofibrate, significantly decreased plasma apoA-V concentrations (P<0.05). Both agents significantly increased the fractional catabolic rate (+32% and +30%, respectively) and reduced the production rate of VLDL-apoC-III (-20% and -24%, respectively), accounting for a significant reduction in VLDL-apoC-III concentrations (-41% and -39%, respectively). Total plasma apoC-III production rates were not significantly altered by the 2 agents. Neither treatment altered insulin resistance and body weight."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Apolipoprotein C-III",
"Apolipoproteins A",
"Apolipoproteins B",
"Atorvastatin",
"Cholesterol",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Down-Regulation",
"Dyslipidemias",
"Fenofibrate",
"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry",
"Heptanoic Acids",
"Humans",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Hypolipidemic Agents",
"Kinetics",
"Lipoproteins, VLDL",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Biological",
"Pyrroles",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Both atorvastatin and fenofibrate have dual regulatory effects on VLDL-apoC-III kinetics in MetS; reduced production and increased fractional catabolism of VLDL-apoC-III may explain the triglyceride-lowering effect of these agents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do atorvastatin and fenofibrate have comparable effects on VLDL-apolipoprotein C-III kinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia that may accelerate atherosclerosis. Disturbed apolipoprotein (apo) C-III metabolism may account for dyslipidemia in these subjects. Atorvastatin and fenofibrate decrease plasma apoC-III, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.', 'The effects of atorvastatin (40 mg/d) and fenofibrate (200 mg/d) on the kinetics of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-apoC-III were investigated in a crossover trial of 11 MetS men. VLDL-apoC-III kinetics were studied, after intravenous d(3)-leucine administration using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling. Compared with placebo, both atorvastatin and fenofibrate significantly decreased (P<0.001) plasma concentrations of triglyceride, apoB, apoB-48, and total apoC-III. Atorvastatin, not fenofibrate, significantly decreased plasma apoA-V concentrations (P<0.05). Both agents significantly increased the fractional catabolic rate (+32% and +30%, respectively) and reduced the production rate of VLDL-apoC-III (-20% and -24%, respectively), accounting for a significant reduction in VLDL-apoC-III concentrations (-41% and -39%, respectively). Total plasma apoC-III production rates were not significantly altered by the 2 agents. Neither treatment altered insulin resistance and body weight.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Apolipoprotein C-III', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'Apolipoproteins B', 'Atorvastatin', 'Cholesterol', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Fenofibrate', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Heptanoic Acids', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Kinetics', 'Lipoproteins, VLDL', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Pyrroles', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,566,296 | Is adipose macrophage infiltration associated with insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental studies suggest that adipose inflammation is etiologically linked to obesity-induced systemic disease. Our goal was to characterize the state of inflammation in human fat in relation to vascular function and metabolic parameters in obese individuals.",
"We collected subcutaneous abdominal fat in 77 obese subjects (BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)) and quantified adipose macrophage population using targeted immunohistochemistry. Brachial artery vasodilator function was examined using high-resolution vascular ultrasound. In 50 subjects, an inflamed adipose phenotype characterized by tissue macrophage accumulation in crown-like structures was associated with systemic hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 5.5+/-4.5 versus 2.6+/-1.9, P=0.002) and impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (8.5+/-4.4% versus 10.8+/-3.8%, P<0.05), as compared to subjects with quiescent noninflamed adipose architecture (n=27). Macrophage retention in fat was linked to upregulated tissue CD68 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression in addition to increased plasma hs-CRP."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Fat",
"Adult",
"Antigens, CD",
"Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic",
"Brachial Artery",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cohort Studies",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Panniculitis",
"Phenotype",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Ultrasonography",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | In a cohort of obese subjects, we demonstrate that proinflammatory changes in adipose tissue are associated with systemic arterial dysfunction and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that adipose inflammation may be linked to vascular injury and increased cardiovascular risk in obese subjects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is adipose macrophage infiltration associated with insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Experimental studies suggest that adipose inflammation is etiologically linked to obesity-induced systemic disease. Our goal was to characterize the state of inflammation in human fat in relation to vascular function and metabolic parameters in obese individuals.', 'We collected subcutaneous abdominal fat in 77 obese subjects (BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)) and quantified adipose macrophage population using targeted immunohistochemistry. Brachial artery vasodilator function was examined using high-resolution vascular ultrasound. In 50 subjects, an inflamed adipose phenotype characterized by tissue macrophage accumulation in crown-like structures was associated with systemic hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 5.5+/-4.5 versus 2.6+/-1.9, P=0.002) and impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (8.5+/-4.4% versus 10.8+/-3.8%, P<0.05), as compared to subjects with quiescent noninflamed adipose architecture (n=27). Macrophage retention in fat was linked to upregulated tissue CD68 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression in addition to increased plasma hs-CRP.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdominal Fat', 'Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Brachial Artery', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cohort Studies', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Panniculitis', 'Phenotype', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,554,967 | Does pentoxifylline attenuate nociceptive sensitization and cytokine expression in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Tibia fracture in rats evokes chronic hindpaw warmth, edema, allodynia, and regional osteopenia, a syndrome resembling complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of some of these changes involves an exaggerated regional inflammatory response to injury and we postulated that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of CRPS-like changes after fracture.",
"The distal tibia was fractured and the hindlimb casted for 4 weeks. The rats were given drinking water with or without the cytokine inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) starting the day before fracture and continuing for 4 weeks, after which time the cast was removed and multiple assays were performed in the hindpaw. PCR and immunoassays were used to evaluate changes in cytokine expression. Bilateral hindpaw thickness, temperature, and nociceptive thresholds were determined, and bone microarchitecture was measured by microcomputed tomography (microCT).",
"Tibia fracture chronically up-regulated TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in hindpaw skin and PTX treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression and cytokine protein levels for all these cytokines. PTX inhibited the nociceptive sensitization and some vascular changes, but had insignificant effects on most of the bone-related parameters measured in these studies. Immunostaining of hindpaw skin was negative for immunocyte infiltration at 4 weeks post-fracture."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone and Bones",
"Complex Regional Pain Syndromes",
"Cytokines",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Foot",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Inflammation",
"Interleukins",
"Male",
"Nociceptors",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain Threshold",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Radiography",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Sensory Receptor Cells",
"Skin Temperature",
"Tibial Fractures",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | These results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the nociceptive and vascular sequelae of fracture and that PTX treatment can reverse these CRPS-like changes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pentoxifylline attenuate nociceptive sensitization and cytokine expression in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tibia fracture in rats evokes chronic hindpaw warmth, edema, allodynia, and regional osteopenia, a syndrome resembling complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of some of these changes involves an exaggerated regional inflammatory response to injury and we postulated that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of CRPS-like changes after fracture.', 'The distal tibia was fractured and the hindlimb casted for 4 weeks. The rats were given drinking water with or without the cytokine inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) starting the day before fracture and continuing for 4 weeks, after which time the cast was removed and multiple assays were performed in the hindpaw. PCR and immunoassays were used to evaluate changes in cytokine expression. Bilateral hindpaw thickness, temperature, and nociceptive thresholds were determined, and bone microarchitecture was measured by microcomputed tomography (microCT).', 'Tibia fracture chronically up-regulated TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in hindpaw skin and PTX treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression and cytokine protein levels for all these cytokines. PTX inhibited the nociceptive sensitization and some vascular changes, but had insignificant effects on most of the bone-related parameters measured in these studies. Immunostaining of hindpaw skin was negative for immunocyte infiltration at 4 weeks post-fracture.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Complex Regional Pain Syndromes', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Foot', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukins', 'Male', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Pentoxifylline', 'Radiography', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Skin Temperature', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,021 | Is liver fat reproducibly measured using computed tomography in the Framingham Heart Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Fatty liver is the hepatic manifestation of obesity, but community-based assessment of fatty liver among unselected patients is limited. We sought to determine the feasibility of and optimal protocol for quantifying fat content in the liver in the Framingham Heart Study using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning.",
"Participants (n = 100, 49% women, mean age 59.4 years, mean body mass index 27.8 kg/m(2)) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Two readers measured the attenuation of the liver, spleen, paraspinal muscles, and an external standard from MDCT scans using multiple slices in chest and abdominal scans.",
"The mean measurement variation was larger within a single axial computed tomography (CT) slice than between multiple axial CT slices for the liver and spleen, whereas it was similar for the paraspinal muscles. Measurement variation in the liver, spleen, and paraspinal muscles was smaller in the abdomen than in the chest. Three versus six measures of attenuation in the liver and two versus three measures in the spleen gave reproducible measurements of tissue attenuation (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICCC] of 1 in the abdomen). Intra reader and interreader reproducibility (ICCC) of the liver-to-spleen ratio was 0.98 and 0.99, the liver-to-phantom ratio was 0.99 and 0.99, and the liver-to-muscle ratio was 0.93 and 0.86, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Body Composition",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Fatty Liver",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intra-Abdominal Fat",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | One cross-sectional slice is adequate to capture the majority of variance of fat content in the liver per individual. Abdominal scan measures as compared to chest scan measures of fat content in the liver are more precise. The measurement of fat content in the liver on MDCT scans is feasible and reproducible. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is liver fat reproducibly measured using computed tomography in the Framingham Heart Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fatty liver is the hepatic manifestation of obesity, but community-based assessment of fatty liver among unselected patients is limited. We sought to determine the feasibility of and optimal protocol for quantifying fat content in the liver in the Framingham Heart Study using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning.', 'Participants (n = 100, 49% women, mean age 59.4 years, mean body mass index 27.8 kg/m(2)) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Two readers measured the attenuation of the liver, spleen, paraspinal muscles, and an external standard from MDCT scans using multiple slices in chest and abdominal scans.', 'The mean measurement variation was larger within a single axial computed tomography (CT) slice than between multiple axial CT slices for the liver and spleen, whereas it was similar for the paraspinal muscles. Measurement variation in the liver, spleen, and paraspinal muscles was smaller in the abdomen than in the chest. Three versus six measures of attenuation in the liver and two versus three measures in the spleen gave reproducible measurements of tissue attenuation (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICCC] of 1 in the abdomen). Intra reader and interreader reproducibility (ICCC) of the liver-to-spleen ratio was 0.98 and 0.99, the liver-to-phantom ratio was 0.99 and 0.99, and the liver-to-muscle ratio was 0.93 and 0.86, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Fatty Liver', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,031 | Are regional gray matter changes associated with cognitive deficits in remitted geriatric depression : an optimized voxel-based morphometry study? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to investigate structural abnormalities in first-episode remitted geriatric depression (RGD) with optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in closely matched patients and healthy control subjects and examine the relationship of performances on neuropsychological tests with regional gray matter volumes.",
"Nineteen subjects with first-episode RGD and 16 well-matched healthy control subjects were recruited for this study, and neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted on the subjects. The differences in regional gray matter volume were determined between these two groups by optimized VBM.",
"The volumes of right superior frontal cortex, left postcentral cortex, and right middle temporal gyrus were significantly smaller in patients with RGD relative to healthy control subjects. However, patients with RGD had larger left cingulate gyrus volume compared with healthy control subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between left cingulate gyrus volume and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall raw score in patients with RGD."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders",
"Female",
"Gyrus Cinguli",
"Humans",
"Interview, Psychological",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Remission Induction",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Temporal Lobe"
]
} | These results reveal that RGD is associated with gray matter changes of certain brain regions hypothesized to influence cognition and might thus be involved in the psychopathology and pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in RGD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are regional gray matter changes associated with cognitive deficits in remitted geriatric depression : an optimized voxel-based morphometry study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We aimed to investigate structural abnormalities in first-episode remitted geriatric depression (RGD) with optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in closely matched patients and healthy control subjects and examine the relationship of performances on neuropsychological tests with regional gray matter volumes.', 'Nineteen subjects with first-episode RGD and 16 well-matched healthy control subjects were recruited for this study, and neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted on the subjects. The differences in regional gray matter volume were determined between these two groups by optimized VBM.', 'The volumes of right superior frontal cortex, left postcentral cortex, and right middle temporal gyrus were significantly smaller in patients with RGD relative to healthy control subjects. However, patients with RGD had larger left cingulate gyrus volume compared with healthy control subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between left cingulate gyrus volume and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall raw score in patients with RGD.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Female', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Remission Induction', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Temporal Lobe']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,543,164 | Are [ Specific riding styles associated with specific effects on bodily posture control ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The assessment of body posture control can be time consuming and cumbersome due to the complexity and the multimodal influence of a multiply influenced system. Various types of equine paces, such as stepping, trotting or galloping, result in acceleration and deceleration forces of different magnitude. These forces induce, in the horseman, reflexes that mediate motor activity to sustain posture balance and counterbalance the gravitational pull. However, there is a paucity of real life data regarding the extent of the various postural subsystems that are recruited to control postural balance in specific equine disciplines, such as classical dressage, show jumping, or vaulting. This study was conducted to bridge that gap.",
"The aim of this explorative study was to identify the types of the postural subsystems involved in balance control and assess the magnitude of their activities during classical dressage, show jumping, vaulting, and versatility riding.",
"144 horseback riders (8.1 % males) aged 17.3 +/- 2.9 years and 38 age matched controls (non riders) were investigated. The riders studied were competing in dressage, show jumping, vaulting, and versatility. In each individual, postural control was investigated by means of the \"interactive balance system (IBS)\" that enabled us to determine the spectral power in the following four standard frequency bands: F 1 (0.03 - 0.1 Hz), F 2 - 4 (0.1 - 0.5 Hz), F 5 - 6 (0.5 - 1.0 Hz), and F 7 - 8 (1.0 - 3.0 Hz). In addition, three motorical output indices were calculated: heel-to-toe-ratio (HTR), synchronization of feet (SYNC), and the global stability index of postural balance (STAB). Furthermore, each individual was interviewed regarding riding time, frequency and discipline and also about other sports activities and disorders of health.",
"The mean training period of the horseback riders was 122 +/- 45.8 months, and mean weekly frequency of training was 5.5 +/- 1.8 days per week. Balance control was most effective in dressage and vaulting riders and least effective in show jumping competitors: HTR was 51 +/- 8 % (dressage), 48 +/- 8 % (show jumping), 47 +/- 8 % (versatility), 51 +/- 7 % (vaulting); SYNC was 523 +/- 124a. i. (dressage), 497 +/- 156a. i. (show jumping), 468 +/- 155a. i. (versatility), 589 +/- 126a. i. (vaulting). Spectral analysis revealed significantly higher power in F 1, F 2 - 4, and F 7 - 8 in dressage competition than in the other equestrian disciplines but not compared with the controls. Significantly differences between riders versus non riders were only found in HTR (p = 0.045) und SYNC (p = 0.009)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Gait",
"Horses",
"Humans",
"Kinesthesis",
"Male",
"Postural Balance",
"Posture",
"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Sports",
"Weight-Bearing"
]
} | Balance control was most effective in dressage and vaulting riders and least effective in the show jumping competitors. Thus, except for dressage and vaulting, our results do not suggest a positive effect of traditional riding styles on postural stability and control. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are [ Specific riding styles associated with specific effects on bodily posture control ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The assessment of body posture control can be time consuming and cumbersome due to the complexity and the multimodal influence of a multiply influenced system. Various types of equine paces, such as stepping, trotting or galloping, result in acceleration and deceleration forces of different magnitude. These forces induce, in the horseman, reflexes that mediate motor activity to sustain posture balance and counterbalance the gravitational pull. However, there is a paucity of real life data regarding the extent of the various postural subsystems that are recruited to control postural balance in specific equine disciplines, such as classical dressage, show jumping, or vaulting. This study was conducted to bridge that gap.', 'The aim of this explorative study was to identify the types of the postural subsystems involved in balance control and assess the magnitude of their activities during classical dressage, show jumping, vaulting, and versatility riding.', '144 horseback riders (8.1 % males) aged 17.3 +/- 2.9 years and 38 age matched controls (non riders) were investigated. The riders studied were competing in dressage, show jumping, vaulting, and versatility. In each individual, postural control was investigated by means of the \"interactive balance system (IBS)\" that enabled us to determine the spectral power in the following four standard frequency bands: F 1 (0.03 - 0.1 Hz), F 2 - 4 (0.1 - 0.5 Hz), F 5 - 6 (0.5 - 1.0 Hz), and F 7 - 8 (1.0 - 3.0 Hz). In addition, three motorical output indices were calculated: heel-to-toe-ratio (HTR), synchronization of feet (SYNC), and the global stability index of postural balance (STAB). Furthermore, each individual was interviewed regarding riding time, frequency and discipline and also about other sports activities and disorders of health.', 'The mean training period of the horseback riders was 122 +/- 45.8 months, and mean weekly frequency of training was 5.5 +/- 1.8 days per week. Balance control was most effective in dressage and vaulting riders and least effective in show jumping competitors: HTR was 51 +/- 8 % (dressage), 48 +/- 8 % (show jumping), 47 +/- 8 % (versatility), 51 +/- 7 % (vaulting); SYNC was 523 +/- 124a. i. (dressage), 497 +/- 156a. i. (show jumping), 468 +/- 155a. i. (versatility), 589 +/- 126a. i. (vaulting). Spectral analysis revealed significantly higher power in F 1, F 2 - 4, and F 7 - 8 in dressage competition than in the other equestrian disciplines but not compared with the controls. Significantly differences between riders versus non riders were only found in HTR (p = 0.045) und SYNC (p = 0.009).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Horses', 'Humans', 'Kinesthesis', 'Male', 'Postural Balance', 'Posture', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Sports', 'Weight-Bearing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,690 | Does metallothionein alleviate glutathione depletion-induced oxidative cardiomyopathy in murine hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"Antioxidant therapy has shown some promise in critical care medicine in which glutathione depletion and heart failure are often seen in critically ill patients. This study was designed to examine the impact of glutathione depletion and the free radical scavenger, metallothionein (MT), on cardiac function.",
"Friend virus B and MT transgenic mice were given the glutathione synthase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (buthionine sulfoximine [BSO], 30 mmol/L) in drinking water for 2 wks.",
"Echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte functions were evaluated, including myocardial geometry, fraction shortening, peak shortening, time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/dt), intracellular Ca2+ rise, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and intracellular Ca2+ decay rate. Sacro (endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase function was evaluated by 45Ca uptake. Highly reactive oxygen species, caspase-3, and aconitase activity were detected by fluorescent probe and colorimetric assays.",
"BSO elicited lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. BSO also reduced wall thickness, enhanced end systolic diameter, depressed fraction shortening, peak shortening, +/-dL/dt, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, 45Ca uptake, and intracellular Ca2+ decay, leading to prolonged TR90. BSO-induced mitochondrial loss and myofilament aberration. MT transgene itself had little effect on myocardial mechanics and ultrastructure. However, it alleviated BSO-induced myocardial functional, morphologic, and carbonyl changes. Western blot analysis showed reduced expression of sacro (endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a, Bcl-2 and phosphorylated GSK-3beta, enhanced calreticulin, Bax, p53, myosin heavy chain-beta isozyme switch, and IkappaB phosphorylation in FVB-BSO mice, all of which with the exception of p53 were nullified by MT."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Buthionine Sulfoximine",
"Cardiomyopathies",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Glutathione",
"Glutathione Synthase",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Male",
"Metallothionein",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Our findings suggest a pathologic role of glutathione depletion in cardiac dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does metallothionein alleviate glutathione depletion-induced oxidative cardiomyopathy in murine hearts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Antioxidant therapy has shown some promise in critical care medicine in which glutathione depletion and heart failure are often seen in critically ill patients. This study was designed to examine the impact of glutathione depletion and the free radical scavenger, metallothionein (MT), on cardiac function.', 'Friend virus B and MT transgenic mice were given the glutathione synthase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (buthionine sulfoximine [BSO], 30 mmol/L) in drinking water for 2 wks.', 'Echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte functions were evaluated, including myocardial geometry, fraction shortening, peak shortening, time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/dt), intracellular Ca2+ rise, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and intracellular Ca2+ decay rate. Sacro (endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase function was evaluated by 45Ca uptake. Highly reactive oxygen species, caspase-3, and aconitase activity were detected by fluorescent probe and colorimetric assays.', 'BSO elicited lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. BSO also reduced wall thickness, enhanced end systolic diameter, depressed fraction shortening, peak shortening, +/-dL/dt, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, 45Ca uptake, and intracellular Ca2+ decay, leading to prolonged TR90. BSO-induced mitochondrial loss and myofilament aberration. MT transgene itself had little effect on myocardial mechanics and ultrastructure. However, it alleviated BSO-induced myocardial functional, morphologic, and carbonyl changes. Western blot analysis showed reduced expression of sacro (endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a, Bcl-2 and phosphorylated GSK-3beta, enhanced calreticulin, Bax, p53, myosin heavy chain-beta isozyme switch, and IkappaB phosphorylation in FVB-BSO mice, all of which with the exception of p53 were nullified by MT.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Buthionine Sulfoximine', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Synthase', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Metallothionein', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,563,777 | Is protoporphyrin IX fluorescence photobleaching a useful tool to predict the response of rat ovarian cancer following hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate dosimetry was shown to be critical to achieve effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to assess the reliability of in vivo protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence photobleaching as a predictive tool of the hexaminolevulinate PDT (HAL-PDT) response in a rat model of advanced ovarian cancer.",
"Intraperitoneal 10(6) NuTu 19 cells were injected in 26 female rats Fisher 344. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was obtained 26 days post-tumor induction. Four hours post-intraperitoneal HAL (Photocure ASA, Oslo, Norway) injection, a laparoscopic procedure (D-light AutoFluorescence system, Karl Storz endoscope, Tuttlingen, Germany) and a fluorescence examination were made for 22 rats. The first group (LASER group, n=26) was illuminated with laser light using a 532 nm KTP laser (Laser Quantum, Stockport, UK) on 1 cm(2) surface at 45 J/cm(2). The second group (NO LASER group, n=26) served as controls. Biopsies were taken 24 hours after PDT. Semi-quantitative histology was performed and necrosis value was determined: 0--no necrosis to 4--full necrosis. Fluorescence was monitored before and after illumination on complete responders (NV=3-4; n=20) and non-responders (NV=0-2; n=6).",
"High PpIX photobleaching corresponded with complete responders whereas low photobleaching corresponded with non-responders (P<0.05). A direct linear correlation was shown between photobleaching and necrosis (R(2)=0.89)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aminolevulinic Acid",
"Animals",
"Female",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Photobleaching",
"Photochemotherapy",
"Photosensitizing Agents",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Protoporphyrins",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Reproducibility of Results"
]
} | In vivo PpIX fluorescence photobleaching is useful to predict the tissue response to HAL-PDT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is protoporphyrin IX fluorescence photobleaching a useful tool to predict the response of rat ovarian cancer following hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accurate dosimetry was shown to be critical to achieve effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to assess the reliability of in vivo protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence photobleaching as a predictive tool of the hexaminolevulinate PDT (HAL-PDT) response in a rat model of advanced ovarian cancer.', 'Intraperitoneal 10(6) NuTu 19 cells were injected in 26 female rats Fisher 344. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was obtained 26 days post-tumor induction. Four hours post-intraperitoneal HAL (Photocure ASA, Oslo, Norway) injection, a laparoscopic procedure (D-light AutoFluorescence system, Karl Storz endoscope, Tuttlingen, Germany) and a fluorescence examination were made for 22 rats. The first group (LASER group, n=26) was illuminated with laser light using a 532 nm KTP laser (Laser Quantum, Stockport, UK) on 1 cm(2) surface at 45 J/cm(2). The second group (NO LASER group, n=26) served as controls. Biopsies were taken 24 hours after PDT. Semi-quantitative histology was performed and necrosis value was determined: 0--no necrosis to 4--full necrosis. Fluorescence was monitored before and after illumination on complete responders (NV=3-4; n=20) and non-responders (NV=0-2; n=6).', 'High PpIX photobleaching corresponded with complete responders whereas low photobleaching corresponded with non-responders (P<0.05). A direct linear correlation was shown between photobleaching and necrosis (R(2)=0.89).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aminolevulinic Acid', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Photobleaching', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Protoporphyrins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Reproducibility of Results']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,544,576 | Is a variant of the IGF-I gene associated with blood pressure but not with left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years : the Generation R Study? | {
"contexts": [
"A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.",
"This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.",
"Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Birth Weight",
"Blood Pressure",
"Child Development",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Family Characteristics",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Genotype",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Humans",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Population Groups",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | The variant type of the IGF-I promoter region is associated with lower blood pressure but not with left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. Follow-up studies are needed to examine whether these differences persist in later life. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a variant of the IGF-I gene associated with blood pressure but not with left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years : the Generation R Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.', 'This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.', 'Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Birth Weight', 'Blood Pressure', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Family Characteristics', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genotype', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Population Groups', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,600 | Are heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein k and thymidine phosphorylase independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) regulates thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA stability. The aim of the present study was to analyze hnRNP K and TP expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic potential of these two markers.",
"We analyzed hnRNP K and TP expression immunohistochemically in 121 clinically proven NPC cases. Statistical analyses were applied to correlate cytoplasmic hnRNP K with elevated TP expression and determine the prognostic significance of these parameters. The therapeutic implication of elevated TP expression was determined by measuring sensitivity of NPC cells to the TP-targeting drug, 5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine (5'-DFUR).",
"There was a high correlation between cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP (P < 0.001). Both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP were associated with poor overall survival (OS; P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively) of NPC patients. A multivariate analysis confirmed that both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are independent prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively). NPC cells expressing high TP were more sensitive to treatment with the TP-targeting drug, 5'-DFUR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Biomarkers, Pharmacological",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Cytoplasm",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Female",
"Floxuridine",
"Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Survival Analysis",
"Thymidine Phosphorylase"
]
} | Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are associated with shorter OS and distant metastasis-free survival in NPC patients. In vitro experiments suggest that NPC tumors with high TP expression may be sensitive to 5'-DFUR treatment. Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP may be potential prognostic and therapeutic markers for NPC, but additional validation studies are warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein k and thymidine phosphorylase independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) regulates thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA stability. The aim of the present study was to analyze hnRNP K and TP expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic potential of these two markers.', \"We analyzed hnRNP K and TP expression immunohistochemically in 121 clinically proven NPC cases. Statistical analyses were applied to correlate cytoplasmic hnRNP K with elevated TP expression and determine the prognostic significance of these parameters. The therapeutic implication of elevated TP expression was determined by measuring sensitivity of NPC cells to the TP-targeting drug, 5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine (5'-DFUR).\", \"There was a high correlation between cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP (P < 0.001). Both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP were associated with poor overall survival (OS; P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively) of NPC patients. A multivariate analysis confirmed that both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are independent prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively). NPC cells expressing high TP were more sensitive to treatment with the TP-targeting drug, 5'-DFUR.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Biomarkers, Pharmacological', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Cytoplasm', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Floxuridine', 'Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thymidine Phosphorylase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,601 | Is the relative distribution of membranous and cytoplasmic met a prognostic indicator in stage I and II colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The association hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) tyrosine kinase with prognosis and survival in colon cancer is unclear, due in part to the limitation of detection methods used. In particular, conventional chromagenic immunohistochemistry (IHC) has several limitations including the inability to separate compartmental measurements. Measurement of membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclear levels of Met could offer a superior approach to traditional IHC.",
"Fluorescent-based IHC for Met was done in 583 colon cancer patients in a tissue microarray format. Using curvature and intensity-based image analysis, the membrane, nuclear, and cytoplasm were segmented. Probability distributions of Met within each compartment were determined, and an automated scoring algorithm was generated. An optimal score cutpoint was calculated using 500-fold crossvalidation of a training and test data set. For comparison with conventional IHC, a second array from the same tissue microarray block was 3,3'-diaminobenzidine immunostained for Met.",
"In crossvalidated and univariate Cox analysis, the membrane relative to cytoplasm Met score was a significant predictor of survival in stage I (hazard ratio, 0.16; P = 0.006) and in stage II patients (hazard ratio, 0.34; P < or = 0.0005). Similar results were found with multivariate analysis. Met in the membrane alone was not a significant predictor of outcome in all patients or within stage. In the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-stained array, no associations were found with Met expression and survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Cell Membrane",
"Cohort Studies",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Cytoplasm",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met",
"Receptors, Growth Factor",
"Survival Analysis",
"Tissue Array Analysis",
"Tissue Distribution"
]
} | These data indicate that the relative subcellular distribution of Met, as measured by novel automated image analysis, may be a valuable biomarker for estimating colon cancer prognosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the relative distribution of membranous and cytoplasmic met a prognostic indicator in stage I and II colon cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The association hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) tyrosine kinase with prognosis and survival in colon cancer is unclear, due in part to the limitation of detection methods used. In particular, conventional chromagenic immunohistochemistry (IHC) has several limitations including the inability to separate compartmental measurements. Measurement of membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclear levels of Met could offer a superior approach to traditional IHC.', \"Fluorescent-based IHC for Met was done in 583 colon cancer patients in a tissue microarray format. Using curvature and intensity-based image analysis, the membrane, nuclear, and cytoplasm were segmented. Probability distributions of Met within each compartment were determined, and an automated scoring algorithm was generated. An optimal score cutpoint was calculated using 500-fold crossvalidation of a training and test data set. For comparison with conventional IHC, a second array from the same tissue microarray block was 3,3'-diaminobenzidine immunostained for Met.\", \"In crossvalidated and univariate Cox analysis, the membrane relative to cytoplasm Met score was a significant predictor of survival in stage I (hazard ratio, 0.16; P = 0.006) and in stage II patients (hazard ratio, 0.34; P < or = 0.0005). Similar results were found with multivariate analysis. Met in the membrane alone was not a significant predictor of outcome in all patients or within stage. In the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-stained array, no associations were found with Met expression and survival.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cytoplasm', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met', 'Receptors, Growth Factor', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Tissue Distribution']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,562,081 | Does overexpression of the PSMB5 gene contribute to bortezomib resistance in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cells derived from Jurkat line? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the mechanism of bortezomib resistance in JurkatB lines derived from T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia Jurkat line.",
"Cytotoxicities of popular chemotherapeutic drugs to JurkatB cells were analyzed by trypan blue assay. Functional drug efflux in JurkatB cells was determined by flow cytometry utilizing daunorubicin and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was detected by Western blot. mRNA expression levels of proteasome beta5 subunit (PSMB5) were measured by quantitation real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In situ hybridization was performed to detect the amplification of PSMB5 gene. The chymotrypsin-like activities were assayed by measuring the release of the fluorescent 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) from the substrate N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC. Cytogenetic studies were performed using R-banded metaphases and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. IkappaB-alpha levels were detected by Western blot.",
"No cross-resistance to daunorubicin, adriamycin, vindesine, and etoposide was found in JurkatB cells. No evidence of drug efflux was found in JurkatB cells and the expression of P-gp was negative. The PSMB5 mRNA was overexpressed in highly resistant JurkatB5 and JurkatB1 lines compared with parental Jurkat, corresponding well with the increase of chymotrypsin-like activity and a karyotype of i(14q). Amplification of PSMB5 gene was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and FISH. The decreased IkappaB-alpha level in JurkatB5 cells after bortezomib treatment indicating an upregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Boronic Acids",
"Bortezomib",
"Cell Survival",
"Chymotrypsin",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Jurkat Cells",
"K562 Cells",
"Leukemia, T-Cell",
"Lymphoma, T-Cell",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Pyrazines",
"Ubiquitin"
]
} | The mechanism of bortezomib resistance is different from that of multidrug resistance. Overexpression of PSMB5 is an important mechanism for bortezomib resistance in JurkatB lines. NF-kappaB may play a critical role in evading the apoptotic effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does overexpression of the PSMB5 gene contribute to bortezomib resistance in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cells derived from Jurkat line?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the mechanism of bortezomib resistance in JurkatB lines derived from T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia Jurkat line.', 'Cytotoxicities of popular chemotherapeutic drugs to JurkatB cells were analyzed by trypan blue assay. Functional drug efflux in JurkatB cells was determined by flow cytometry utilizing daunorubicin and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was detected by Western blot. mRNA expression levels of proteasome beta5 subunit (PSMB5) were measured by quantitation real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In situ hybridization was performed to detect the amplification of PSMB5 gene. The chymotrypsin-like activities were assayed by measuring the release of the fluorescent 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) from the substrate N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC. Cytogenetic studies were performed using R-banded metaphases and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. IkappaB-alpha levels were detected by Western blot.', 'No cross-resistance to daunorubicin, adriamycin, vindesine, and etoposide was found in JurkatB cells. No evidence of drug efflux was found in JurkatB cells and the expression of P-gp was negative. The PSMB5 mRNA was overexpressed in highly resistant JurkatB5 and JurkatB1 lines compared with parental Jurkat, corresponding well with the increase of chymotrypsin-like activity and a karyotype of i(14q). Amplification of PSMB5 gene was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and FISH. The decreased IkappaB-alpha level in JurkatB5 cells after bortezomib treatment indicating an upregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Cell Survival', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'K562 Cells', 'Leukemia, T-Cell', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Pyrazines', 'Ubiquitin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,568,412 | Does magnesium supplementation help to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"The atherosclerotic process progresses more dynamically in hemodialysis (HD) patients than in the general population. In HD patients, lower magnesium levels were reported to be associated with increased atherosclerosis of the common carotid artery. We tested the hypotheses that magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in HD patients.",
"A total of 47 patients on HD were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (Mg group), in which patients were given magnesium citrate orally at a dosage of 610 mg every other day for 2 months and group B (control group), in which patients received only calcium acetate therapy as a phosphate binder. At baseline and 2 months later, all patients underwent a carotid artery ultrasound scan to measure carotid IMT.",
"At the end of 2 months, mean serum calcium, phosphorus, and calcium x phosphorus product were not changed in both groups. As expected, mean serum Mg level significantly increased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months. In addition, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level significantly decreased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months (P = 0.003). Baseline carotid IMT was similar between the groups. Bilateral carotid IMT was significantly improved in patients treated with magnesium citrate compared to initial values (P = 0.001 for left, P = 0.002 for right)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Calcium",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Citric Acid",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Organometallic Compounds",
"Phosphorus",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tunica Intima",
"Tunica Media",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Based on the present data, magnesium may play an important protective role in the progression of atherosclerosis in patients on dialysis. Further studies are needed to assess more accurately the role of magnesium in atherosclerotic regression in dialysis patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does magnesium supplementation help to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The atherosclerotic process progresses more dynamically in hemodialysis (HD) patients than in the general population. In HD patients, lower magnesium levels were reported to be associated with increased atherosclerosis of the common carotid artery. We tested the hypotheses that magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in HD patients.', 'A total of 47 patients on HD were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (Mg group), in which patients were given magnesium citrate orally at a dosage of 610 mg every other day for 2 months and group B (control group), in which patients received only calcium acetate therapy as a phosphate binder. At baseline and 2 months later, all patients underwent a carotid artery ultrasound scan to measure carotid IMT.', 'At the end of 2 months, mean serum calcium, phosphorus, and calcium x phosphorus product were not changed in both groups. As expected, mean serum Mg level significantly increased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months. In addition, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level significantly decreased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months (P = 0.003). Baseline carotid IMT was similar between the groups. Bilateral carotid IMT was significantly improved in patients treated with magnesium citrate compared to initial values (P = 0.001 for left, P = 0.002 for right).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Calcium', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Citric Acid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Phosphorus', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,979 | Does event-related-potential low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( ERP-LORETA ) suggest decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing in narcolepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive measures of both perceptual and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to identify brain regions involved in the processes of cognitive dysfunction in narcolepsy by means of ERP tomography.",
"In 17 drug-free patients with narcolepsy and 17 controls, ERPs were recorded (auditory odd-ball paradigm). Latencies, amplitudes and LORETA sources were determined for standard (N1 and P2) and target (N2 and P300) ERP components. Psychometry included measures of mental performance, affect and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF).",
"In the ERPs patients demonstrated delayed cognitive N2 and P300 components and reduced amplitudes in midline regions, while N1 and P2 components did not differ from controls. LORETA suggested reduced P300 sources bilaterally in the precuneus, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In psychometry, patients demonstrated deteriorated mood, increased trait anxiety, decreased CFF and a trend toward reduced general verbal memory and psychomotor activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brain",
"Brain Mapping",
"Cognition",
"Electroencephalography",
"Evoked Potentials",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Narcolepsy",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Pain Measurement",
"Psychometrics",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | Narcoleptic patients showed prolonged information processing, as indexed by N2 and P300 latencies and decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does event-related-potential low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( ERP-LORETA ) suggest decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing in narcolepsy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive measures of both perceptual and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to identify brain regions involved in the processes of cognitive dysfunction in narcolepsy by means of ERP tomography.', 'In 17 drug-free patients with narcolepsy and 17 controls, ERPs were recorded (auditory odd-ball paradigm). Latencies, amplitudes and LORETA sources were determined for standard (N1 and P2) and target (N2 and P300) ERP components. Psychometry included measures of mental performance, affect and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF).', 'In the ERPs patients demonstrated delayed cognitive N2 and P300 components and reduced amplitudes in midline regions, while N1 and P2 components did not differ from controls. LORETA suggested reduced P300 sources bilaterally in the precuneus, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In psychometry, patients demonstrated deteriorated mood, increased trait anxiety, decreased CFF and a trend toward reduced general verbal memory and psychomotor activity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cognition', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Narcolepsy', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Pain Measurement', 'Psychometrics', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,528 | Is interleukin-6 polymorphism associated with chorioamnionitis and neonatal infections in preterm infants? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether genotypes of interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter positions -174 and -572 are associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and neonatal inflammatory disease in preterm infants.",
"DNA from very low birth weight or very preterm infants (n = 107) was genotyped for IL-6-174 and -572 polymorphisms (GG/GC/CC). The placentas were analyzed for histological inflammatory findings. Data on neonatal inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia, were collected using the definitions of the Vermont Oxford Network database.",
"In univariate analyses, the IL-6-174 GG genotype was associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. In multivariate analyses, the -174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were correlated with histologic chorioamnionitis (P = .039 and .009, respectively). Gestational age was not associated with genotype polymorphisms. IL-6-174 genotypes were not associated with CLD and/or NEC, but the CC genotype was correlated with septicemia in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .027). IL-6-572 genotypes were not associated with neonatal inflammatory disease."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Birth Weight",
"Chorioamnionitis",
"Female",
"Gestational Age",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Infection",
"Inflammation",
"Interleukin-6",
"Male",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Pregnancy",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Regression Analysis"
]
} | The IL-6-174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis, and the IL-6-174 CC genotype was associated with septicemia in preterm infants. These findings suggest that the genetic composition of the IL-6 promoter area plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis and neonatal infections. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interleukin-6 polymorphism associated with chorioamnionitis and neonatal infections in preterm infants?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate whether genotypes of interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter positions -174 and -572 are associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and neonatal inflammatory disease in preterm infants.', 'DNA from very low birth weight or very preterm infants (n = 107) was genotyped for IL-6-174 and -572 polymorphisms (GG/GC/CC). The placentas were analyzed for histological inflammatory findings. Data on neonatal inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia, were collected using the definitions of the Vermont Oxford Network database.', 'In univariate analyses, the IL-6-174 GG genotype was associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. In multivariate analyses, the -174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were correlated with histologic chorioamnionitis (P = .039 and .009, respectively). Gestational age was not associated with genotype polymorphisms. IL-6-174 genotypes were not associated with CLD and/or NEC, but the CC genotype was correlated with septicemia in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .027). IL-6-572 genotypes were not associated with neonatal inflammatory disease.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Birth Weight', 'Chorioamnionitis', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infection', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Pregnancy', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Regression Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,547,786 | Is intake of water from foods , but not water from beverages , related to lower body mass index and waist circumference in free-living humans [ corrected ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental trials using test meals suggest that water promotes satiety and decreases subsequent intake, thus possibly working to prevent obesity, when it is consumed as an integral component of a food, but not when consumed alone or alongside a food. We examined the associations of intake of water from beverages and intake of water from foods with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in free-living humans consuming self-selected diets.",
"This observational cross-sectional study included 1136 female Japanese dietetic students 18-22 y of age. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated, self-administered, comprehensive, diet-history questionnaire. BMI was calculated using measured body height and weight. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus.",
"Means +/- standard deviations of BMI, waist circumference, intake of water from beverages, and intake of water from foods were 21.3 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2), 72.9 +/- 7.1 cm, 569 +/- 318 g/1000 kcal, and 476 +/- 110 g/1000 kcal, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, intake of water from beverages was not associated with BMI (P for trend = 0.25) or waist circumference (P for trend = 0.43). Conversely, intake of water from foods showed independent and negative associations with BMI (P for trend = 0.030) and waist circumference (P for trend = 0.0003)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Beverages",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diet",
"Drinking",
"Energy Intake",
"Female",
"Food Analysis",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Obesity",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Waist-Hip Ratio",
"Water",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Intake of water from foods, but not water from beverages, was independently associated with lower BMI and waist circumference in free-living humans consuming self-selected diets. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is intake of water from foods , but not water from beverages , related to lower body mass index and waist circumference in free-living humans [ corrected ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Experimental trials using test meals suggest that water promotes satiety and decreases subsequent intake, thus possibly working to prevent obesity, when it is consumed as an integral component of a food, but not when consumed alone or alongside a food. We examined the associations of intake of water from beverages and intake of water from foods with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in free-living humans consuming self-selected diets.', 'This observational cross-sectional study included 1136 female Japanese dietetic students 18-22 y of age. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated, self-administered, comprehensive, diet-history questionnaire. BMI was calculated using measured body height and weight. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus.', 'Means +/- standard deviations of BMI, waist circumference, intake of water from beverages, and intake of water from foods were 21.3 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2), 72.9 +/- 7.1 cm, 569 +/- 318 g/1000 kcal, and 476 +/- 110 g/1000 kcal, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, intake of water from beverages was not associated with BMI (P for trend = 0.25) or waist circumference (P for trend = 0.43). Conversely, intake of water from foods showed independent and negative associations with BMI (P for trend = 0.030) and waist circumference (P for trend = 0.0003).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Beverages', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Drinking', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Food Analysis', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Obesity', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Waist-Hip Ratio', 'Water', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,564,175 | Does treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty rats with AVE7688 improve vascular and neural dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Vasopeptidase inhibitors are drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). The latter is a protease that degrades vasoactive peptides and is increased in diabetes. We have previously shown that treating streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, an animal model of type 1 diabetes, with AVE7688, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, improves neurovascular and neural function. In this study, we determined the effect of treating Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, with AVE7688 on vascular and neural function.",
"ZDF rats at 12 weeks of age were treated for 12 weeks with AVE7688 (500 mg/kg diet). Afterwards, vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve and nerve conduction velocity and blood flow was determined.",
"Vascular and neural function was significantly impaired in ZDF rats compared with age-matched lean (control) rats. Treating ZDF rats with AVE7688 improved vascular relaxation to acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide in epineurial arterioles. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, endoneurial blood flow and thermal nociception end-points were also improved by treatment compared with untreated ZDF rats. Superoxide and expression of NEP were increased in epineurial arterioles from ZDF rats and attenuated by treatment with AVE7688."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Animals",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Angiopathies",
"Diabetic Neuropathies",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Male",
"Neprilysin",
"Neural Conduction",
"Rats",
"Rats, Zucker",
"Sciatic Nerve"
]
} | AVE7688 is an effective treatment for microvascular and neural disease in ZDF rats. Thus, vasopeptidase inhibitors may be an effective treatment for diabetic microvascular and neural complication in type 2 diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty rats with AVE7688 improve vascular and neural dysfunction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vasopeptidase inhibitors are drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). The latter is a protease that degrades vasoactive peptides and is increased in diabetes. We have previously shown that treating streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, an animal model of type 1 diabetes, with AVE7688, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, improves neurovascular and neural function. In this study, we determined the effect of treating Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, with AVE7688 on vascular and neural function.', 'ZDF rats at 12 weeks of age were treated for 12 weeks with AVE7688 (500 mg/kg diet). Afterwards, vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve and nerve conduction velocity and blood flow was determined.', 'Vascular and neural function was significantly impaired in ZDF rats compared with age-matched lean (control) rats. Treating ZDF rats with AVE7688 improved vascular relaxation to acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide in epineurial arterioles. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, endoneurial blood flow and thermal nociception end-points were also improved by treatment compared with untreated ZDF rats. Superoxide and expression of NEP were increased in epineurial arterioles from ZDF rats and attenuated by treatment with AVE7688.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Neprilysin', 'Neural Conduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker', 'Sciatic Nerve']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,236 | Does [ Artesunate induce prostate cancer cell line PC-3 differentiation and cell cycle arrest ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of artesunate (ART) on cell differentiation and cell cycle distribution of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro.",
"PC-3 cells were cultivated with ART from logarithmic growth phase. After 48-hour treatment, the cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in cell culture supernatant. The change of cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM).",
"In comparison with the blank control group, the rate of G(0)/G(1) plus S stages of PC-3 cells was significantly decreased in the high-dose ART group. The PC-3 cell was arrested in G(2)/M by ART. The rates of G(2)/M of the high-dose ART group and the medium-dose ART group were obviously higher than those of the blank control group and the cisplatin group (P<0.05). The levels of PSA in the three ART groups were significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the ART groups, TEM showed that some vacuoles appeared in endochylema, cell polarity was enhanced, cell nucleus leaned to one side of the cell, and microvilli increased on the other side of the cell."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Artemisinins",
"Artesunate",
"Cell Cycle",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms"
]
} | ART can induce PC-3 cell cycle arrest and differentiation in vitro. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Artesunate induce prostate cancer cell line PC-3 differentiation and cell cycle arrest ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the effect of artesunate (ART) on cell differentiation and cell cycle distribution of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro.', 'PC-3 cells were cultivated with ART from logarithmic growth phase. After 48-hour treatment, the cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in cell culture supernatant. The change of cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM).', 'In comparison with the blank control group, the rate of G(0)/G(1) plus S stages of PC-3 cells was significantly decreased in the high-dose ART group. The PC-3 cell was arrested in G(2)/M by ART. The rates of G(2)/M of the high-dose ART group and the medium-dose ART group were obviously higher than those of the blank control group and the cisplatin group (P<0.05). The levels of PSA in the three ART groups were significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the ART groups, TEM showed that some vacuoles appeared in endochylema, cell polarity was enhanced, cell nucleus leaned to one side of the cell, and microvilli increased on the other side of the cell.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Artemisinins', 'Artesunate', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,552,513 | Is increased S100beta associated with reduced cognitive function in healthy older adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular pathology is associated with reduced performance on neuropsychological tests, particularly in older adults. A likely explanation involves a disruption in the blood brain barrier (BBB). Work from clinical samples show alterations in BBB function is associated with cognitive dysfunction on testing, though no study has examined this possibility in healthy older adults.",
"35 older adults, without significant neurological or psychiatric history, underwent fasting blood draw and neuropsychological testing. Serum levels of S100beta were quantified to provide a measure of BBB function.",
"Partial correlations showed S100beta levels were inversely related to performance in multiple cognitive domains, including memory (r = 0.43, p = 0.02), psychomotor speed and visual attention (r = 0.37, p = 0.05), and working memory (r = -0.48, p = 0.008)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Attention",
"Cognition",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Memory",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Growth Factors",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Reaction Time",
"Reference Values",
"S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit",
"S100 Proteins"
]
} | Findings indicate that increased S100beta levels are associated with poorer cognitive function in neurologically healthy older adults, implicating BBB function in age-related cognitive decline. Further work is needed to clarify possible mechanisms, particularly longitudinal studies that involve neuroimaging. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased S100beta associated with reduced cognitive function in healthy older adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vascular pathology is associated with reduced performance on neuropsychological tests, particularly in older adults. A likely explanation involves a disruption in the blood brain barrier (BBB). Work from clinical samples show alterations in BBB function is associated with cognitive dysfunction on testing, though no study has examined this possibility in healthy older adults.', '35 older adults, without significant neurological or psychiatric history, underwent fasting blood draw and neuropsychological testing. Serum levels of S100beta were quantified to provide a measure of BBB function.', 'Partial correlations showed S100beta levels were inversely related to performance in multiple cognitive domains, including memory (r = 0.43, p = 0.02), psychomotor speed and visual attention (r = 0.37, p = 0.05), and working memory (r = -0.48, p = 0.008).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Attention', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit', 'S100 Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,559,375 | Are gains of chromosome region 3q26 in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva frequent and independent of HPV status? | {
"contexts": [
"Two different forms of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) are recognised: (1) usual-type (bowenoid) VIN, which is related to high-risk papillomavirus infection, and (2) differentiated (simplex) VIN, which is associated with chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of chromosome 3q26 gains in the spectrum of precancerous lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the vulva.",
"3q26 gains were analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation in a series of usual-type VINs, VINs of the differentiated type and invasive squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, all cases were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, p53 mutations, and p16 and p53 protein expression.",
"Gains of chromosome 3q26 were present in all VINs of the differentiated type and in 50% of the usual-type VIN lesions. 81% of SCCs were positive for 3q26 gains irrespective of the HPV status and of the associated precursor lesion. HPV-associated lesions exhibited the typical, strong cytoplasmic p16 accumulation while mutated p53 was only detected in HPV-negative VINs or SCCs, and was associated with an overexpression of p53 protein."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Carcinoma in Situ",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Chromosome Aberrations",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3",
"Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, p16",
"Genes, p53",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Papillomavirus Infections",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53",
"Tumor Virus Infections",
"Vulvar Neoplasms"
]
} | Immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 and p53 expression aids in the differential diagnosis of squamous cell alterations of the vulva. However, detection of 3q26 imbalance is of additional diagnostic value in difficult cases of HPV-unrelated usual-type VINs and VINs of the differentiated type. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are gains of chromosome region 3q26 in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva frequent and independent of HPV status?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Two different forms of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) are recognised: (1) usual-type (bowenoid) VIN, which is related to high-risk papillomavirus infection, and (2) differentiated (simplex) VIN, which is associated with chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of chromosome 3q26 gains in the spectrum of precancerous lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the vulva.', '3q26 gains were analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation in a series of usual-type VINs, VINs of the differentiated type and invasive squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, all cases were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, p53 mutations, and p16 and p53 protein expression.', 'Gains of chromosome 3q26 were present in all VINs of the differentiated type and in 50% of the usual-type VIN lesions. 81% of SCCs were positive for 3q26 gains irrespective of the HPV status and of the associated precursor lesion. HPV-associated lesions exhibited the typical, strong cytoplasmic p16 accumulation while mutated p53 was only detected in HPV-negative VINs or SCCs, and was associated with an overexpression of p53 protein.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, p16', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,141 | Is ocular involvement associated with HLA-B51 in Adamantiades-Behçet 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association of HLA-B51 and ocular involvement in Adamantiades-Behçet's disease.",
"We retrospectively analysed all patients with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease examined in our Department of Ophthalmology since 1982. All patients fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's disease. We included 140 patients (63 female and 77 male) with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years.",
"The mean age at the first manifestation was 23 years; full disease was noted at 32 years. The mean age at the time of eye involvement was 30 years. Most of the patients were of Turkish (n=73) or German (n=34) origin. A total of 56% patients developed eye involvement. Forty-nine out of 76 HLA-B51-positive patients (64.5%) and 26 out of 60 HLA-B51-negative patients (43.3%; P=0.014) developed ocular involvement."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Behcet Syndrome",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Eye Diseases",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"HLA-B Antigens",
"HLA-B51 Antigen",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Young Adult"
]
} | More than the half of the patients with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease evaluated in our department developed ocular involvement. There was a statistically significantly higher frequency of HLA-B51 in these patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is ocular involvement associated with HLA-B51 in Adamantiades-Behçet 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To evaluate the association of HLA-B51 and ocular involvement in Adamantiades-Behçet's disease.\", \"We retrospectively analysed all patients with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease examined in our Department of Ophthalmology since 1982. All patients fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's disease. We included 140 patients (63 female and 77 male) with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years.\", 'The mean age at the first manifestation was 23 years; full disease was noted at 32 years. The mean age at the time of eye involvement was 30 years. Most of the patients were of Turkish (n=73) or German (n=34) origin. A total of 56% patients developed eye involvement. Forty-nine out of 76 HLA-B51-positive patients (64.5%) and 26 out of 60 HLA-B51-negative patients (43.3%; P=0.014) developed ocular involvement.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Behcet Syndrome', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HLA-B Antigens', 'HLA-B51 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,551,147 | Is closing the audit loop necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.",
"An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.",
"372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"Data Collection",
"Evidence-Based Medicine",
"Feedback",
"Female",
"Guidelines as Topic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medical Audit",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatitis",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | For evidence-based guidelines to be effective, feedback to surgeons is necessary. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is closing the audit loop necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.', 'An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.', '372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Data Collection', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatitis', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,570,726 | Does [ Curcumin promote apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the role of NF-kappaB pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that curcumin possesses anti-infection and anti-oxidation effects. This study was to evaluate whether curcumin could induce apoptosis through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway in ESCC cells.",
"Expressions of pIkappaBalpha and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blott after incubation of ESCC cells with curcumin (50 micromol/L) at different time points. Apoptosis and the number of viable ESCC cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and MTT, respectively, after the treatment of curcumin, 5-FU, or the combination of curcumin and 5-FU.",
"In two ESCC cell lines, EC9706 and Eca109,curcumin inhibited IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner; curcumin alone increased cell apoptosis (P<0.05), and the effect became more prominent when it was combined with 5-FU (P<0.05); curcumin plus 5-FU exerted a stronger inhibition effect on cell proliferation than curcumin alone (P<0.05) or 5-FU alone (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Curcumin",
"Esophageal Neoplasms",
"Fluorouracil",
"Humans",
"NF-kappa B",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | Curcumin inhibits the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, leading to suppression of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and an increase of the sensitivity of ESCC cell lines towards 5-FU. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Curcumin promote apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the role of NF-kappaB pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that curcumin possesses anti-infection and anti-oxidation effects. This study was to evaluate whether curcumin could induce apoptosis through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway in ESCC cells.', 'Expressions of pIkappaBalpha and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blott after incubation of ESCC cells with curcumin (50 micromol/L) at different time points. Apoptosis and the number of viable ESCC cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and MTT, respectively, after the treatment of curcumin, 5-FU, or the combination of curcumin and 5-FU.', 'In two ESCC cell lines, EC9706 and Eca109,curcumin inhibited IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner; curcumin alone increased cell apoptosis (P<0.05), and the effect became more prominent when it was combined with 5-FU (P<0.05); curcumin plus 5-FU exerted a stronger inhibition effect on cell proliferation than curcumin alone (P<0.05) or 5-FU alone (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Curcumin', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'NF-kappa B', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,569,912 | Is the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hemodialysis patients higher than that in peritoneal dialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in dialysis patients, and an independent predictor of mortality. While recent studies have shown no differences in mortality between the two most common dialysis modalities, hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), their impact on LVH is controversial. We thus performed cardiac ultrasound studies in prevalent dialysis patients receiving either HD or PD and compared LVH.",
"We included 48 HD and 62 PD patients receiving treatment for at least three months in our dialysis center. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination and blood pressure measurements immediately following therapy. Volume status was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis.",
"There was no baseline difference in demographics or comorbidities between HD and PD patients. As expected, extracellular water (ECW) in post-HD patients was significantly lower than that in pre-HD and PD patients, while cardiac output (CO) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were higher in pre-HD than that in post-HD or PD patients. There was no significant difference in CO or SBP between post-HD and PD patients. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was markedly higher in HD patients as compared to PD patients. Thus, the prevalence of LVH according to the Framingham criteria was 68.8% in HD patients and 45.2% in PD patients. Subgroup analysis showed similar results in the patients who had been on single-modality dialysis for at least two years and in the anuric patients. Finally, in a linear regression model (r(2) = 0.364, p < 0.001), SBP, treatment modality (to be in HD), and ECW were all independent predictors of LVMI."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Causality",
"China",
"Cohort Studies",
"Comorbidity",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Peritoneal Dialysis",
"Prevalence",
"Probability",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Distribution",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | In a cross-sectional analysis of prevalent Chinese patients, we found a higher LVMI and a higher prevalence of LVH in HD than in PD patients. As LVMI was associated with high blood pressure and volume overload, we suggest that in these patients, PD may preserve more physiological hemodynamics even during long-term therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hemodialysis patients higher than that in peritoneal dialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in dialysis patients, and an independent predictor of mortality. While recent studies have shown no differences in mortality between the two most common dialysis modalities, hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), their impact on LVH is controversial. We thus performed cardiac ultrasound studies in prevalent dialysis patients receiving either HD or PD and compared LVH.', 'We included 48 HD and 62 PD patients receiving treatment for at least three months in our dialysis center. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination and blood pressure measurements immediately following therapy. Volume status was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis.', 'There was no baseline difference in demographics or comorbidities between HD and PD patients. As expected, extracellular water (ECW) in post-HD patients was significantly lower than that in pre-HD and PD patients, while cardiac output (CO) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were higher in pre-HD than that in post-HD or PD patients. There was no significant difference in CO or SBP between post-HD and PD patients. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was markedly higher in HD patients as compared to PD patients. Thus, the prevalence of LVH according to the Framingham criteria was 68.8% in HD patients and 45.2% in PD patients. Subgroup analysis showed similar results in the patients who had been on single-modality dialysis for at least two years and in the anuric patients. Finally, in a linear regression model (r(2) = 0.364, p < 0.001), SBP, treatment modality (to be in HD), and ECW were all independent predictors of LVMI.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Causality', 'China', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Prevalence', 'Probability', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,572,370 | Is brachial artery ligation with total graft excision a safe and effective approach to prosthetic arteriovenous graft infections? | {
"contexts": [
"While autogenous arteriovenous access is preferred, prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) are still required in a large number of patients. Infection of AVGs occurs frequently and may cause life-threatening bleeding or sepsis. Multiple treatment strategies have been advocated (ranging from graft preservation to excision with complex concomitant reconstructions), indicating a lack of consensus on appropriate management of infected AVGs. We undertook this study to evaluate if, in the setting of anastomotic involvement, brachial artery ligation distal to the origin of the deep brachial artery accompanied by total graft excision (BAL) is safe and effective.",
"All prosthetic arteriovenous graft infections managed by a single surgeon between 1995 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were identified from a computerized vascular registry, and data were obtained via patient charts and the electronic medical record.",
"We identified 45 AVG infections in 43 patients. Twenty-one patients (49%) demonstrated arterial anastomotic involvement and were treated with BAL; these form the cohort for this analysis. Mean patient age was 53.2 (SD 9.5) years. The primary etiologies for end stage renal disease (ESRD) were hypertension (29%), HIV (24%), and diabetes (19%). An upper arm AVG was present in 95% of patients; one (5%) had a forearm AVG. The majority of grafts were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (90%). Follow-up was 100% at 1 month, 86% at 3 months, and 67% at 6 months. No ischemic or septic complications occurred in the 21 patients who underwent BAL."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arm",
"Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical",
"Blood Vessel Prosthesis",
"Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation",
"Brachial Artery",
"Device Removal",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Ligation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prosthesis-Related Infections",
"Registries",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors"
]
} | BAL is an effective and expeditious method to deal with an infected arm AVG in frequently critically ill patients with densely scarred wounds. In the short term, BAL appears to be well tolerated without resulting ischemic complications. Further study with longer duration of follow-up is necessary to ascertain whether BAL results in definitive cure, or whether patients may ultimately manifest ischemic changes and require additional intervention. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is brachial artery ligation with total graft excision a safe and effective approach to prosthetic arteriovenous graft infections?\nContext: {'contexts': ['While autogenous arteriovenous access is preferred, prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) are still required in a large number of patients. Infection of AVGs occurs frequently and may cause life-threatening bleeding or sepsis. Multiple treatment strategies have been advocated (ranging from graft preservation to excision with complex concomitant reconstructions), indicating a lack of consensus on appropriate management of infected AVGs. We undertook this study to evaluate if, in the setting of anastomotic involvement, brachial artery ligation distal to the origin of the deep brachial artery accompanied by total graft excision (BAL) is safe and effective.', 'All prosthetic arteriovenous graft infections managed by a single surgeon between 1995 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were identified from a computerized vascular registry, and data were obtained via patient charts and the electronic medical record.', 'We identified 45 AVG infections in 43 patients. Twenty-one patients (49%) demonstrated arterial anastomotic involvement and were treated with BAL; these form the cohort for this analysis. Mean patient age was 53.2 (SD 9.5) years. The primary etiologies for end stage renal disease (ESRD) were hypertension (29%), HIV (24%), and diabetes (19%). An upper arm AVG was present in 95% of patients; one (5%) had a forearm AVG. The majority of grafts were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (90%). Follow-up was 100% at 1 month, 86% at 3 months, and 67% at 6 months. No ischemic or septic complications occurred in the 21 patients who underwent BAL.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arm', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Brachial Artery', 'Device Removal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis-Related Infections', 'Registries', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,550,579 | Do polymorphisms in VEGF and IL-8 predict tumor recurrence in stage III colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Identifying molecular markers for tumor recurrence is critical in successfully selecting patients with stage III colon cancer who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study analyzed a subset of 10 polymorphisms within eight genes involved in the tumor angiogenesis pathway and their impact on prognosis in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.",
"Blood samples were obtained from 125 patients with locally advanced colon cancer at University of Southern California medical facilities. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes were analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and 5'-end [gamma-(33)P] ATP-labeled PCR protocols.",
"Polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (C+936T; P = 0.003, log-rank test) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (T-251A; P = 0.04, log-rank test) were independently associated with risk of recurrence in stage III colon cancer patients. In combined analysis, grouping alleles into favorable versus nonfavorable alleles, high expression variants of VEGF C+936T and IL-8 T-251A were associated with a higher likelihood of developing tumor recurrence (P < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"DNA, Neoplasm",
"Female",
"Fluorouracil",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-8",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | High expression variants of VEGF C+936T and IL-8 T-251A were associated with shorter time to tumor recurrence, indicating that the analysis of angiogenesis-related gene polymorphisms may help to identify patient subgroups at high risk for tumor recurrence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do polymorphisms in VEGF and IL-8 predict tumor recurrence in stage III colon cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Identifying molecular markers for tumor recurrence is critical in successfully selecting patients with stage III colon cancer who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study analyzed a subset of 10 polymorphisms within eight genes involved in the tumor angiogenesis pathway and their impact on prognosis in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.', \"Blood samples were obtained from 125 patients with locally advanced colon cancer at University of Southern California medical facilities. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes were analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and 5'-end [gamma-(33)P] ATP-labeled PCR protocols.\", 'Polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (C+936T; P = 0.003, log-rank test) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (T-251A; P = 0.04, log-rank test) were independently associated with risk of recurrence in stage III colon cancer patients. In combined analysis, grouping alleles into favorable versus nonfavorable alleles, high expression variants of VEGF C+936T and IL-8 T-251A were associated with a higher likelihood of developing tumor recurrence (P < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,565,399 | Does late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance herald an adverse prognosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined whether the presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) predict adverse outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) patients.",
"Morbidity and mortality is high in NICM patients. However, the clinical course of an individual patient is unpredictable and current risk stratification approaches are limited. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects myocardial fibrosis, which appears as LGE after contrast administration and may convey prognostic importance.",
"In a prospective cohort study, 65 NICM patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < or =35% underwent CMR before placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The CMR images were analyzed for the presence and extent of LGE and for LV function, volumes, and mass. Patients were followed for an index composite end point of 3 cardiac events: hospitalization for heart failure, appropriate ICD firing, and cardiac death.",
"A total of 42% (n = 27) of patients had CMR LGE, averaging 10 +/- 13% of LV mass. During a 17-month median follow-up, 44% (n = 12) of patients with LGE had an index composite outcome event versus only 8% (n = 3) of those without LGE (p < 0.001 for Kaplan-Meier survival curves). After adjustment for LV volume index and functional class, patients with LGE had an 8-fold higher risk of experiencing the primary outcome (hazard ratio 8.2, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 30.9; p = 0.002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cardiomyopathies",
"Contrast Media",
"Defibrillators, Implantable",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Gadolinium",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Image Enhancement",
"Imaging, Three-Dimensional",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Research Design",
"Risk Assessment",
"Stroke Volume",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | A CMR LGE in NICM patients strongly predicts adverse cardiac outcomes. The CMR LGE may represent the end-organ consequences of sustained adrenergic activation and adverse LV remodeling, and its identification may significantly improve risk stratification strategies in this high risk population. (Imaging Techniques for Identifying Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death Risk; NCT00181233). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance herald an adverse prognosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We examined whether the presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) predict adverse outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) patients.', 'Morbidity and mortality is high in NICM patients. However, the clinical course of an individual patient is unpredictable and current risk stratification approaches are limited. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects myocardial fibrosis, which appears as LGE after contrast administration and may convey prognostic importance.', 'In a prospective cohort study, 65 NICM patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < or =35% underwent CMR before placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The CMR images were analyzed for the presence and extent of LGE and for LV function, volumes, and mass. Patients were followed for an index composite end point of 3 cardiac events: hospitalization for heart failure, appropriate ICD firing, and cardiac death.', 'A total of 42% (n = 27) of patients had CMR LGE, averaging 10 +/- 13% of LV mass. During a 17-month median follow-up, 44% (n = 12) of patients with LGE had an index composite outcome event versus only 8% (n = 3) of those without LGE (p < 0.001 for Kaplan-Meier survival curves). After adjustment for LV volume index and functional class, patients with LGE had an 8-fold higher risk of experiencing the primary outcome (hazard ratio 8.2, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 30.9; p = 0.002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cardiomyopathies', 'Contrast Media', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gadolinium', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Image Enhancement', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Research Design', 'Risk Assessment', 'Stroke Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,558,475 | Does initial fetal cardiovascular profile score predict recipient twin outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cardiomyopathy and recipient twin (RT) outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).",
"Fetal echocardiography and outcomes data in 62 consecutive pregnancies with TTTS were reviewed. The primary outcome was neonatal RT survival. The severity of RT cardiomyopathy at presentation was assessed by the cardiovascular profile score (CVPS). RT outcomes and odds of survival were compared between groups stratified by CVPS.",
"Overall neonatal survival for all fetuses was 61% (76 of 124). RT survival was 58% (36 of 62). Grouped by CVPS, RT survival was greater (50%) for those with CVPS > or = 9 and even higher (74%) for CVPS of 10. Among the components of the CVPS, atrioventricular valve regurgitation was associated with negative RT outcome. Other factors at presentation were not predictive of RT outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Fetofetal Transfusion",
"Humans",
"Ohio",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Rate",
"Prevalence",
"Prognosis",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Survival Analysis",
"Survival Rate",
"Twins",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | A normal CVPS in the RT in TTTS is predictive of improved survival compared with an abnormal CVPS, even in RTs with minor deductions. Standard clinical staging did not predict outcome. Cardiac assessment by CVPS may improve clinical decision making and the timing of fetal interventions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does initial fetal cardiovascular profile score predict recipient twin outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cardiomyopathy and recipient twin (RT) outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).', 'Fetal echocardiography and outcomes data in 62 consecutive pregnancies with TTTS were reviewed. The primary outcome was neonatal RT survival. The severity of RT cardiomyopathy at presentation was assessed by the cardiovascular profile score (CVPS). RT outcomes and odds of survival were compared between groups stratified by CVPS.', 'Overall neonatal survival for all fetuses was 61% (76 of 124). RT survival was 58% (36 of 62). Grouped by CVPS, RT survival was greater (50%) for those with CVPS > or = 9 and even higher (74%) for CVPS of 10. Among the components of the CVPS, atrioventricular valve regurgitation was associated with negative RT outcome. Other factors at presentation were not predictive of RT outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Fetofetal Transfusion', 'Humans', 'Ohio', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Twins', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,695 | Is interferon-gamma increased in patients with primary Sjogren 's syndrome and Raynaud 's phenomenon? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and to identify clinical and immunological characteristics associated with this manifestation. Since increased interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) has been associated with RP, we also compared the INF-gamma production in pSS patients with or without RP.",
"RP was diagnosed if pSS patients presented with characteristic sequence of skin color changes of the digits. In uncertain cases noninvasive vascular tests were performed by ultrasound examination. The secretion of INF-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Further, we examined the expression of different lymphocyte activation markers (CD25, CD45RO, CD69) on CD4+ T-cells by flow cytometric analysis.",
"Thirty-six of 108 patients with pSS had RP. In these patients we found a significantly increased number of INF-gamma-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with patients without RP or to healthy controls. Further, in patients with RP a significantly increased percentage of CD25-positive T-helper cells was detectable. In addition we found an association of leukopenia, thyroiditis, and lower C3 levels with RP in pSS patients."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Complement C3",
"Female",
"HLA-DR3 Antigen",
"HLA-DR4 Antigen",
"Humans",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prevalence",
"Raynaud Disease",
"Risk Factors",
"Sjogren's Syndrome",
"T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer"
]
} | These results suggest a pathogenic role of INF-gamma in pSS patients with RP. Whether the RP is immune-mediated or whether INF-gamma directly causes vasospasm still remains to be elucidated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interferon-gamma increased in patients with primary Sjogren 's syndrome and Raynaud 's phenomenon?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To determine the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and to identify clinical and immunological characteristics associated with this manifestation. Since increased interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) has been associated with RP, we also compared the INF-gamma production in pSS patients with or without RP.\", 'RP was diagnosed if pSS patients presented with characteristic sequence of skin color changes of the digits. In uncertain cases noninvasive vascular tests were performed by ultrasound examination. The secretion of INF-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Further, we examined the expression of different lymphocyte activation markers (CD25, CD45RO, CD69) on CD4+ T-cells by flow cytometric analysis.', 'Thirty-six of 108 patients with pSS had RP. In these patients we found a significantly increased number of INF-gamma-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with patients without RP or to healthy controls. Further, in patients with RP a significantly increased percentage of CD25-positive T-helper cells was detectable. In addition we found an association of leukopenia, thyroiditis, and lower C3 levels with RP in pSS patients.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Complement C3', 'Female', 'HLA-DR3 Antigen', 'HLA-DR4 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Raynaud Disease', 'Risk Factors', \"Sjogren's Syndrome\", 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
18,571,697 | Does thrombin regulate vascular smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis via PAR-1 and multiple downstream signalling pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological process of most cardiovascular disease. Thrombin is a serine protease which can activate protease activated receptors (PAR) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to elicit cellular responses that can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human atherosclerosis commences with the binding and retention of lipoproteins by the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans. The potential effects of thrombin on the synthesis and structure of CS/DS proteoglycans produced by VSMCs was investigated.",
"VSMCs were derived from human internal mammary arteries. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation. Proteoglycan size was assessed by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Humans",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Organ Culture Techniques",
"Proteoglycans",
"Receptor, PAR-1",
"Signal Transduction",
"Thrombin"
]
} | Thrombin caused a dose-dependent increase in [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation with maximum effects of approximately 150% at the highest doses tested. This increase was associated with increased size of biglycan and decorin assessed by SDS-PAGE. Chemically cleaved glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains analyzed by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography were larger for proteoglycans from thrombin treated cells. VSMCs synthesize small GAGs when provided with exogenous xyloside and thrombin treatment also increased the size of the secreted xyloside GAGs. The effect of thrombin was not mimicked by the catalytically inactive FPRCK-HCT and was blocked in a concentration- dependent manner by the PAR-1 antagonist, JNJ5177049. Inhibition of PK C with GF 109203X resulted in concentration dependent but partial inhibition of [(35)S]sulfate incorporation accompanied by a reduction in the size of biglycan and decorin. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated [(35)S]sulfate incorporation and increased proteoglycan size and this was completely blocked by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. AG1478 partially (32%, p<0.01) blocked the effect of thrombin. Thrombin treatment of VSMCs increased the proportion of disaccharides sulfated at the 6 position of the GalNAc residues. Thus, thrombin has actions on VSMCs which increase the length and modify the sulfation pattern of GAG chains on proteoglycans in a manner that would enhance the binding of LDL. If manifest in vivo, this effect on proteoglycan synthesis and structure represents a new biochemical mechanism through which thrombin contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does thrombin regulate vascular smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis via PAR-1 and multiple downstream signalling pathways?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological process of most cardiovascular disease. Thrombin is a serine protease which can activate protease activated receptors (PAR) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to elicit cellular responses that can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human atherosclerosis commences with the binding and retention of lipoproteins by the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans. The potential effects of thrombin on the synthesis and structure of CS/DS proteoglycans produced by VSMCs was investigated.', 'VSMCs were derived from human internal mammary arteries. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation. Proteoglycan size was assessed by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Humans', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Proteoglycans', 'Receptor, PAR-1', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thrombin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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