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Because of their extensive wounds, burn patients are chronically exposed to inflammatory mediators. Thus, burn patients, by definition, already have "systemic inflammatory response syndrome." Current definitions for sepsis and infection have many criteria (fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, leukocytosis) that are routinely found in patients with extensive burns, making these current definitions less applicable to the burn population. Experts in burn care and research, all members of the American Burn Association, were asked to review the literature and prepare a potential definition on one topic related to sepsis or infection in burn patients. On January 20, 2007, the participants met in Tucson, Arizona to develop consensus for these definitions. After review of the definitions, a summary of the proceedings was prepared. The goal of the consensus conference was to develop and publish standardized definitions for sepsis and infection-related diagnoses in the burn population. Standardized definitions will improve the capability of performing more meaningful multicenter trials among burn centers.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Emergency Medicine | <urn:uuid:82c7ed8f-4025-4995-b504-1947edbcc0e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/american-burn-association-consensus-conference-to-define-sepsis-a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304872.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220125190255-20220125220255-00633.warc.gz | en | 0.933349 | 224 | 2.671875 | 3 |
(CNN) -- With rising energy prices and the global biofuel rush already putting pressure on food prices, more news that some countries' food supplies are being threatened from other corners is never welcome. But new research from the British Beekeeping Association (BBKA) released last week seemed to promise exactly that.
A British beekeeper checks up on one of his colonies. Bee populations fell by 30 percent last year.
According to the BBKA, the country's honeybee populations fell by 30 percent in the past year.
Why should we care?
In the West at least, it is said that bees are to thank for putting one third of everything we eat on our tables. For humans they are also the most important pollinator on Earth.
In the UK, 70 crops depend on bees' pollinating skills, BBKA says; while in the U.S. the value of bees are much higher, pollinating as many as 130 crops a year, their services worth $15 billion, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The BBKA is seriously concerned that Britain may be the latest victim of a mysterious phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) where hive populations disappear without a trace. But it is even more concerned that if the UK Government fails to take this seriously enough, that honeybees could disappear from the country in less than 10 years.
Are virus-carrying alien mites to blame?
Declining bee populations were first spotted in the U.S. in late 2006 when some hives were reported to have hemorrhaged as much as 90 percent of their populations for no apparent reason.
Theories have abounded since regarding the cause of CCD which have ranged from mobile phone signals to the use of pesticides, but one theory has stayed its course.
It is also a favorite of BBKA's president Tim Lovett -- a virus carried by the Varroa mite, a blood-sucking non-native parasite which Lovett suspects first got into the Uk in the early 1990's and has spread like wildfire ever since.
"It was first discovered in Devon in the early 1990's and no-one is really sure how it got here." says Lovett.
"Then three or four years ago we began to realize the treatment we were using for it...which was approved for treatment of Varroa mites. They became resistant to it and strangely that also started in Devon."
Lovett believes that mites can only have been imported by beekeepers as no host bee carrying the parasite could have made it to the country on its own.
"The English Channel has been a good protective element for the Uk for some years. It's a hell of a flight for a bumblebee... the most likely thing is someone imported a Queen, and they normally come with workers and attendants and they probably had the mites."
While the mites were an irritant they were not necessarily a massive problem at first. For obvious reasons, parasites do not tend to kill their hosts. But if a non-native parasite is carrying a disease, the new hosts may not be able to withstand it, says Lovett.
"It doesn't mean to kill," says Lovett. "The viruses don't cause any illness to the Varrao but they are the carriers... European bees had no exposure to it and no ability to handle it."
More money needed, beekeepers say
While Lovett says a disease being carried by the Varrao is a likely cause of the disappearing bees, he can't be absolutely sure. "Nobody has carried out the work to see if it is these mites," he says.
For this reason, he and the BBKA are pressing the UK government to invest £8 million ($14.8 million) into researching declines in bee populations so they have a better idea.
This money is essential he says as 95 percent of the Uk's beekeeping industry is run by amateurs in their spare time unlike the U.S. beekeeping industry which is largely a profit-making enterprise.
A spokesperson from the Uk Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) however, says that no significant increases in bee research are likely to happen any time soon.
"Funding for Defra's bee health program is expected to be unchanged in 2008/2009," the spokesperson says, reasoning that the Defra has no extra money to spare at the moment.
"There are currently significant pressures on financing across all areas of the Department's work," says the spokesperson. "The fact that funding for the bee health program has been maintained at the same level over a number of years, when other programs have faced major cuts, is a positive signal of the importance Government attaches to this area of work."
Currently Defra allocates £1.3 million a year to research in this area. This year "specific bee health research funding" will amount to "nearly £200,000" and the Uk government's National Bee Unit will be given an additional £90,000 this year "to help investigate the higher levels of colony loss".
The Defra spokesperson also added that the Uk government is currently developing a "bee health strategy" which will outline their plans for a bee programmer over the next 10 years.
Lovett isn't impressed. "It is ridiculous to say they haven't got the money. £8 million is literally small change, it is nothing," he says.
"This is no time for the government to put at risk the greenest, the most effective fertilizer you can get -- bees." | <urn:uuid:567b07d7-f09a-4017-8a77-00153faa50bc> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/08/15/eco.bees/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122629.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00343-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976149 | 1,142 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Easily make a class set of decimal place value manipulatives. Copy tenths, hundredths, and thousandths onto different colored paper. This is a great activity to reinforce place value and expanded form. Check out my store for more information
5.NBT.3a Read and write decimals to thousandths using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. 5.NBT.3b Compare two decimals to thousandths based on meanings of the digits in each place. | <urn:uuid:5e21e16a-9391-4fa8-8336-a4b05ab9f4d6> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://www.simonesmathresources.com/product-catalog/decimal-place-value-manipulatives | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314130.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818205919-20190818231919-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.831474 | 106 | 3.765625 | 4 |
According to a new study, it is believed that men predisposed to baldness are likely to develop an aggressive type of prostate, but the authors of the study didn’t say anything relevant about cause and effect and therefore, the men who have gone bald don’t know whether to be concern or not.
Michael Cook, who works at the U.S. National Cancer Institute, division of cancer epidemiology and genetics, is the co-author of the study which published on September, 15, in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. He said that it’s possible for men with hair loss problems to be diagnosed later with prostate cancer, and he specified that male pattern baldness begins with the loss of frontal hair line, it advances to the top of the head, leaving a “trail” of hair in the middle. This is caused by “a cumulative, lifelong exposure to testosterone in the skin”, as Dr. Charles Ryan explained. Dr. Ryan is working at the University of California from San Francisco, at the department of medicine, and he added an editorial in the journal.
According to Dr. Ryan, the level of testosterone isn’t the causative factor for cancer, but the skin doesn’t process the hormone very well, and this is where hair-loss treatments come into play and block the effect of the male hormone – testosterone, on the skin.
If the person doesn’t try any of the hair-loss treatments, the high level of testosterone from his body can determine the appearance of prostate cancer. To come up with this conclusion, the researchers monitored 40,000 American men that participated to the study between 1993 and 2001 and their ages were between 55 and 74 years old. They were required to answer if they had problems with hair loss at the age of 45, and 18 percent of them admitted that they started to loose their hair at this age.
Between 2006 and 2008, 600 out of 1,100 men diagnosed with prostate cancer, were facing an aggressive type of prostate cancer. | <urn:uuid:caeece56-99c5-4c53-bf34-381ebd91f8f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.capitalotc.com/prostate-cancer-is-it-related-to-male-pattern-baldness-and-hairfall/22487/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687837.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921191047-20170921211047-00504.warc.gz | en | 0.972341 | 421 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Antibiotics are critical, life-saving drugs. Yet, 80% of the antibiotics sold in the U.S. go to factory farms, primarily for animals to grow faster and endure crowded, unsanitary conditions. This irresponsible use has led to the development of “superbugs” on the farm, and these antibiotic-resistant bacteria are making their way to us through the air, the water, and our food. Now, life-saving drugs may not be effective when we most need them.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration won’t take meaningful action, so we’re asking you, the consumer, to show your support for companies and retailers to help change this system and work to end the overuse of antibiotics. Join us in calling on Trader Joe’s to only sell Meat Without Drugs and help stop the superbugs.
More than 9 billion animals are raised, and slaughtered, in the U.S. every year;
They’re given nearly 30 million pounds of antibiotics, or 80% of the antibiotics sold in the U.S.;
These animals produce over 1.3 billion tons of waste annually, which is left in open ponds and sprayed onto fields.
Water: This waste can contain superbugs and undigested antibiotics. The U.S. Geological Survey found 48% of streams in their nationwide survey carry antibiotic residues (from both animals and humans);
Air: Manure sprayed onto fields isn’t the only way to come across airborne superbugs: driving behind the trucks that transport factory farm animals can expose you to the bacteria as well;
Food: Superbugs are showing up on the meat from factory farms. You would have to buy 59 packages of ground turkey to get one without antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Infections that may be resistant to antibiotics include staph, strep throat, pneumonia, and tuberculosis;
Antibiotic-resistant infections are estimated to cost the US healthcare system more than $20 billion annually;
2 million people in the U.S. contract resistant infections annually and 90,000 of them die.
Our goal – and that of many others working on this issue - is to preserve the effectiveness of medically important antibiotics. We believe that animals should not be fed antibiotics to prevent disease or promote growth. Instead only sick animals should be treated with antibiotics under the supervision of a veterinarian.
Experiences both in the U.S. and abroad show that thoughtful management practices – such as providing animals adequate space, a clean environment, and a vegetarian diet – lead to less than 1% of animals needing treatment from antibiotics.
There are a wide variety of labels in the marketplace related to antibiotics, many of them devoid of meaning or verification. There are four labels consumers should look for when buying meat raised without antibiotics that are meaningful:
For a complete list of labels, including those that are potentially deceptive, please visit Consumers Union.
Yes! If you’re ever sick – no matter if you’re a vegetarian or a carnivore – you may need effective antibiotics to get healthy. We’re all in this together.
Additionally, while superbugs are often found on meat, exposure can come from contamination between foods during handling, processing or cooking. Contamination can also occur through the environment, such as when manure from factory farms, laced with superbugs or antibiotic residues, seeps into ground water or is sprayed onto fields. In fact, manure from these farms is often applied to the soil of vegetable farms as a fertilizer.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates antibiotics in the U.S. The FDA states that, "Because it is well established that all uses of antimicrobial drugs, in both humans and animals, contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to use these drugs only when medically necessary."
In April 2012 the FDA released a final guidance document directed at use of antibiotics in agriculture, The Judicious Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing Animals. The guidance encourages producers to phase out the use of antibiotics for growth promotion. However, it still endorses that animals be fed antibiotics to prevent disease, a use that still allows for the routine feeding of antibiotics as is the case with current practices.
Most importantly, it’s voluntary. While the FDA has the authority to regulate antibiotic use more strictly, it has not done so.
The Government Accountability Office offered strong criticism of the FDA and USDA in its September 2011 report, "Antibiotic Resistance: Agencies Have Made Limited Progress Addressing Antibiotic Use in Animals."
Note: The FDA has been sued by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Food Animals Concerns Trust, and the Union of Concerned Scientists for its inaction in regulating antibiotics used in agriculture. In June 2012 a federal judge ruled that the FDA has done "shockingly little" and ordered the FDA to re-initiate a process it began in 1977 to adequately regulate antibiotics in order to protect human health. The case is pending…
Yes! The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes, "Resistant bacteria may be transferred to humans through the food supply or direct contact with animals," and the FDA acknowledges that, "…all uses of antimicrobial drugs, in both humans and animals, contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance…"
What’s more, in February 2012 researchers announced that they had traced a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that transferred from humans to pigs, where it developed resistance to drugs and then transferred back to humans. Their conclusion: "Our findings exemplify a[n]…exchange and underscore the potential public health risks of widespread antibiotic use in food animal production."
In Denmark, the largest pork exporter in the world and a country where the use of antibiotics has been reduced by 50%, Danish authorities estimate costs for pig farmers increased by just 1 percent, or about $1.35 for every pig slaughtered. Additionally, a 2003 Iowa State University study funded in part by the National Pork Board, estimated that if antibiotics were no longer added to feed for hogs, the cost of production would rise by $3.00-$4.50 per hog.
The Institute of Medicine, a nonpartisan group of medical experts who advise the federal government on public health issues, estimates the average U.S. consumer would spend between $5 and $10 more per year on meat if antibiotics were restricted. This equates to about a $.03-.05 increase per pound at the store for meat raised without antibiotics.
The Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act (PAMTA), sponsored by Rep. Louise Slaughter (NY-28), was first introduced to Congress in 2006, although it has yet to be passed by the U.S. House of Representative. According to Rep. Slaughter’s website:
PAMTA would preserve the effectiveness of medically important antibiotics by phasing out the use of these drugs in healthy food-producing animals, while allowing their use for treatment of sick animals. The legislation also requires the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to apply the same tough standards to new applications for approval of animal antibiotics.
FixFood supports the passage of PAMTA.
Our food system is broken. Meanwhile, more Americans are asking how they can get involved. Sign up and together we can fix the food system. | <urn:uuid:2c9186c2-2b1a-42fc-9de6-e7781fd33f3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.fixfood.org/fix-antibiotics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187690.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00663-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943384 | 1,516 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Environmental Health and Safety
6216 Clement West/ 646-1762
Essential Information on Reporting Fires and Hazardous Materials Incidents
In the Event of a Fire
If you see smoke or flames. . .
Containthe fire by leaving the area and closing all doors behind you.
Activatethe nearest fire alarm pull station.
Reportthe fire by dialing 911 (DMS @ Borwell dial 5555).
Evacuate or ExtinguishIn most cases, it is best to leave the building using the nearest FIRE EXIT. Use the stairs instead of the elevator. Do not re-enter the building.
A fire extinguisher should only be used when you. . .
Have been trained.
Have the proper type for the fire you are fighting.
Have first contained the fire, activated the building alarm and reported the fire.
Never fight a fire if it has left its source of origin, you are unsure of the type of extinguisher you are using, or you lack a safe way to escape should your efforts fail. If the fire cannot be brought under control within 30 seconds, then abandon your effort, close the door(s) and evacuate.
In the event of a fire or fire alarm, supervisors must be sure that all employees evacuate the building and that individuals who may need help are assisted to safety. Each office should designate a central, specific meeting place outside and well away from the building. Do not re-enter the building until allowed to do so by the Fire Department. Supervisors should periodically review this procedure with their staff.
Fire Safety Reminders Everywhere
Dont block doors open! Closed doors save lives and property by limiting the movement of smoke and flames. Absolutely never block open corridor doors or doors leading to stairways.
Dont block passageways. Take the time to ensure good housekeeping.
Get into the habit of closing the door(s) behind you when you will be away for more than just a few minutes.
In locations with sprinklers, there must be at least 18" of clearance surrounding the sprinkler head.
Locate the nearest fire alarm pull station. A pull station will be located near every exit leading out of a building.
Note: If you suspect that a fire may be behind a closed door, do not open the door to investigate. A sudden influx of oxygen can accelerate a fire.
Fire Safety Reminders in the Laboratory
Routinely check the condition of all electrical cords. Unplug, label and place equipment "Out-of-Service" until it can be repaired by a qualified technician.
Check plastic or rubber tubing used to supply gas and replace at the first sign of wear or damage. At the end of the day, the last person to leave should check to ensure that all Bunsen burners are turned off.
Flammable liquids must be stored inside an approved flammable storage cabinet (FM/ UL approved). No more than 20 gallons of flammable liquids may be stored in any one laboratory (inside a cabinet). No more than 2 flammable gas and/or oxygen cylinders per lab. Exceptions approved through EHS.
Common laboratory refrigerators are not approved for flammable liquids. Explosion-safe or explosion-proof refrigerators are required.
Hazardous chemicals must never be left unattended or stored in hallways.
Always use an uncluttered chemical fume hood when working with flammable liquids.
In the Event of a Hazardous Material Incident
The following apply to biological, chemical or radioactive spills. . .
Stay out of the spill!
Do not make an otherwise unfortunate event worse by tracking the material elsewhere or allowing avoidable exposure. If you know or suspect a spill occurred in an area--stay out and contact EHS, immediately. Areas that are designed "closed" by EHS, Safety and Security or the Fire Department require that you stay out of the area or find another route to your destination. If the area is cordoned off for any reason--please stay out.
Isolate the Area and Request Assistance.
Leave the immediate area, close the door(s) and contact EHS (646-1762). In the event of a fire or medical emergency, dial 911.
If Contaminated-- Provide Immediate First Aid
Biological: Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Irrigate eyes and mucous membranes with large volumes of water. In laboratories working with human blood or body fluids/ bloodborne pathogens--follow the established first aid procedure outlined on the 3 Emergency Steps To Take In the Event of an Exposure to Human Blood or Body Fluids: Bloodborne Pathogens Poster.
Chemical: Immediately flush the area with large volumes of water. While flushing, remove any clothing that may have been contaminated. Call 911 for medical assistance. For less serious situations, render first aid and report the exposure to EHS.
Radioactive Materials: Follow the procedure that is posted in all areas that use radioisotopes. A copy is also found in the Radiation Safety Handbook.
Always Report the Exposure (Known or Suspected)
Prompt reporting and medical follow-up is essential. In some cases, post-exposure surveillance may be needed. In all cases, these decisions should be made by medical staff. Medical evaluation and follow-up is available through the Occupational Employee Health Department at DHMC. Clinic hours are 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM. Telephone: 650-7018. After hours, report to the DHMC Emergency Room. When in doubt--please report the exposure. | <urn:uuid:1abc197c-a48e-4367-943a-042ce819737f> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.engineering.dartmouth.edu/safety/fireprevent97.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701145578.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193905-00046-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895601 | 1,149 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Dark neck is a common beauty problem faced by women in different ethnicity. Dark neck or black neck is also known as Acanthosis Nigricans. This is a skin condition caused by dark pigmentation on the skin. This skin condition does not affect the health, but it can hinder you from wearing different styled clothes and have a huge impact in your self-confidence. There are a lot of people affected by this skin disorder and are suffering from hiding the dark skin patches on their neck. Though, it’s important to remember that this skin disorder is not caused by an infection or is it contagious.
Dark neck is caused by excess production of melanin in the epidermis of the skin. The epidermis is the top layer of the skin, this layer contains melanin or the pigment that gives the skin its color. Melanin is produced by the body from sun exposure, usage of birth control, pregnancy, hormonal imbalance and sunburn. Excess production of melanin will cause skin discoloration and dark patches on the skin.
Two of the leading causes of skin discoloration on the neck is aging and sun exposure. Dark neck can also be an underlying symptom of health problems such as polycystic ovary syndrome, genetics and diabetes. Discoloration can also be caused but sudden weight loss or weight gain, un-balanced diet, poor hygiene and so one. Dark neck can be caused by lack of hygiene. When cleaning the face and applying sunblock, we tend to skip on applying products on the neck. The skin on the neck is sensitive sun damage. Don’t let dark neck ruin your beautiful face.
Home Remedies for Dark Neck Remedies:
Lemon is a common ingredient, when it comes to skin lightening. The natural bleaching properties of lemon can help reduce pigmentation of the skin and remove build up. The citric acid in lemon can also help lighten the dark skin around the neck within a few days. There are different ways you can apply lemon on the skin. You can apply lemon juice directly on the skin or take a fresh slice of lemon and rub it against the skin. This will help exfoliate the skin and remove dark pigments. When using lemon on the skin, avoid contact with sunlight. This will cause irritation on the skin and a stinging sensation.
Oats works as a natural exfoliate on the skin, making it the perfect treatment for dark neck. This is effective in dark neck that’s been caused by lack of proper hygiene. The oats will help remove oil deposits, grime and dirt on the skin that makes it appear darker. An effective recipe for dark neck is tomato pulp and oats. The oats will remove the dead skin cells while the tomato pulp lightens the skin. This powerful combination will surely lighten the skin. Mix equal parts oats and tomato pulp together. Use this paste around the neck and massage it in for about 10 minutes or more. Remove the paste using a pumice stone or scrub and water. Dry the skin and apply moisturizer. Continue doing this three times week.
Mixing together lightening and exfoliating fruits such as bananas, orange, avocado, papaya, apple and more will work well against the dark neck. These nutritional fruits contain enzymes and vitamins that can improve the skin’s appearance. A fruit mask can help tone the skin, lighten the dark patches and moisturize it. You can easily mix your choice of fruits in a blender and use it as a mask.
Baking soda is great for lightening and exfoliating the skin. Applying baking soda on the skin can help remove dark patches caused by hyperpigmentation. Baking soda is one of the proven home remedies for dark neck. Take half a cup of baking soda and place one or two teaspoons of water. The mixture should be a thick paste. Take the baking soda and massage it on the neck in a circular motion. Do this for 10 minutes and let it sit for another 10 minutes. Wash it off with lukewarm water. Do this every day for a week or more depending on the severity of the pigmentation.
Here are some of the easy, natural home remedies to lighten the dark pigmentation of the skin around the neck. These remedies are used to moisturize, scrub and cleanse the skin to lessen the darkness on the neck. Follow this home remedy regularly to get the best result. | <urn:uuid:b2f60e9e-74d3-4c5e-9bcd-b7a8c1428b2d> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.wellnessbin.com/diy-home-remedies-for-dark-neck-skin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178369054.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20210304113205-20210304143205-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.914087 | 909 | 2.625 | 3 |
In Perspective: Agriculture’s Achilles’ heal
Colleen Scherer The plethora of reports from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Extension offices, agricultural economists and many others in August did not paint a pretty picture for agriculture as a result of the drought of 2012. More analysis of the long-term impact of this country’s worst drought in at least 50 years is still being determined.
Many of the ramifications include the increase in food prices, higher costs for feed, and low inventories of grain stocks over the next year.
On top of these hot button issues, the drought has renewed discussions in climate change. In early August, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released a report stating that July 2012 was the hottest on record since records started being kept in 1895. Federal scientists said July was the hottest month ever recorded in the Lower 48 states, breaking a record set during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. According to the Palmer Drought Severity Index, whose record spans the 20th Century, about 57 percent of the contiguous U.S. was experiencing moderate-to-extreme drought. The last time drought was as extensive was in December 1956 when about 58 percent of the nation was in moderate-to-extreme drought.
As the crops have withered under the merciless heat and drought of 2012, people were left wondering if the drought pattern would break anytime soon. Many placed their hopes in a strengthening El Niño. However, it seems scientists keep pushing off its impact further and later into the year. Reports are mixed as to if or when the weather pattern for the Midwest will change enough to bring adequate precipitation.
Many in the Midwest know that weather here doesn’t stay the same very long. Climate change, however, is a tricky devil. It is altering expected patterns. No one drought can last forever; it will rain again in significant amounts again. Next spring may possibly even bring flooding. The problem is, we’ve become too focused on the here and now; rarely looking far ahead or far behind.
In the past, droughts such as the one we’ve been experiencing would have wiped out civilizations and toppled kingdoms. In fact, it did. Take, for example, the city of Mycenae. It was the center of the first great Greek civilization, which thrived between 1,600 and 1,100 BC. According to a report from New Scientist.com, after 1,000 BC, “many cities were abandoned, trade ceased and their writing system disappeared. Other nearby civilizations, including the Hittites and the New Kingdom of Egypt, also declined around the same time, a phenomenon known as the Late Bronze Age collapse. Studies of climatic indicators … suggest the Mediterranean cooled at this time, resulting in lower rainfall over the next four centuries. Some researchers think falling food production led to a decline in population and thus to the decline of civilizations in the region.”
- Boxers or Briefs? Underwear buried to demonstrate unhealthy soil
- Tire makers race to turn dandelions into rubber
- Toro releases guide for using micro-sprinklers for IPM
- USDA to fund $25 million in value-added producer grants
- Crop futures mostly higher, livestock prices stabilizing
- Suppress Palmer pigweed with a ryegrass cover crop
- Deere to lay off more than 600 at four U.S. plants
- Slow pace of rail recovery stirs fear of future woes
- The four pillars of seeing opportunities in problems
- New DuPont Afforia herbicide introduced for soybeans
- RTK brings higher level of accuracy to farmers
- WinField introduces Answer Tech and Data Silo
- No El Niño in 2014? Drought-weary California in trouble
- Suspected Bt corn rootworm resistance in Pennsylvania
- BioNitrogen to build second fertilizer plant in Texas
- Commentary: Setting the record straight on 'Waters of the U.S.'
- Soybean aphid numbers on the rise
- Solar energy jobs increase, wind power decrease | <urn:uuid:c52a270d-13d9-4d9b-977f-93aea7302b4b> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.agprofessional.com/agprofessional-magazine/In-Perspective-Agricultures-Achilles-heal-169474206.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500823528.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021343-00007-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954953 | 835 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Humboldt County, California GenealogyEdit This Page
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1853--Humboldt County was created from Trinity County and part of the former Klamath County.
County seat: Eureka
Societies and Libraries
- USGenWeb project. May have maps, name indexes, history or other information for this county. Select the state, then the county.
- Family History Library Catalog | <urn:uuid:29bad062-e9bd-41fb-abec-20afc2d6f768> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?title=Humboldt_County,_California&oldid=96413 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1433195035572.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20150601214355-00070-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.839254 | 132 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Alexander Hamilton, Draft of a Resolution for the Legislature of New York for the Amendment of the Constitution of the United States29 Jan. 1802Papers 25:512--13
Resolved, as the sense of the Legislature, that the following amendments ought to be incorporated into the Constitution of the United States as a necessary safeguard in the choice of a President and Vice President against pernicious dissensions as the most eligible mode of obtaining a full and fair expression of the public will in such election.
1st. That Congress shall from time to time divide each State into Districts equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives from such state in the Congress of the United States, and shall direct the mode of choosing an Elector of President and Vice President in each of the said Districts, who shall be chosen by Citizens who have the qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature, and that the districts shall be formed, as nearly as may be, with an equal proportion of population in each, and of Counties and, if necessary, parts of Counties contiguous to each other, except when there may be any detached portion of territory not sufficient of itself to form a District which then shall be annexed to some other part nearest thereto.
2nd. That in all future elections of President and Vice President the persons voted for shall be particularly designated by declaring which is voted for as President and which as Vice President.
Resolved that the President of the Senate and Speaker of the Assembly transmit a copy of the preceding Resolutions to the Senators and Representatives in Congress from this State with an earnest request that they would use their best exertions for obtaining the adoption of the above amendments or other amendments in substance equivalent so as that the President and Vice President may be separately designated in voting for them and that the electors for both may be chosen in distinct Districts.
The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by Harold C. Syrett et al. 26 vols. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1961--79. See also: Federalist
© 1987 by The University of Chicago | <urn:uuid:dbcef82e-8d14-4c9b-aa2f-179321527d00> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendXIIs3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936464876.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074104-00329-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955017 | 426 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In a typical household that has cats, the feline residents, communicate among themselves through non-vocal means once past the kitten stage. Cats modify their styles of communication to work with human’s strengths and weaknesses as they sense our limitations on the interpretation of body language as we respond better to the verbal cues. They have an extensive “vocab mew Larry” which can be used as cat language translators.
Squeaks, Chirps, and Trills
These are usually closed-mouth sounds that often express greetings or even happiness. Your cat may honor you with some friendly chirrups or trilling as you brush or pet her while other cats announce their presence with these short vocalizations. Also, they may be used for gentle requests similarly to the way you may slightly tap your car horn if the driver in front of you has not noticed that the light has already turned green. For instance, while preparing her dinner, the pet may emit brief squeaks that show a mixture of “hurry up” and excitement.
Meows, yeows, and rrrows
It is often a wide category that is filled with nuances and variations. These sounds are often made with an open mouth. A casual meow may be used for a non-urgent requestor as a greeting. Kittens usually rely on open-mouthed cries as their distress calls to their mothers when they feel hungry, threatened or when lost. The adult cats may use this technique similarly so as to summon humans hence the meow is a very versatile tool.
In the cat language translator, these are regarded as very brief and sweet meows. They show polite requests, and it may escalate to more demanding meows just in case the humans do not get the message or respond to them.
These meows are usually not silent but are just high-pitched for our ears to hear. However, since the majority of humans find this form of communication and which can only be noticed by sight; it is somehow possible that the pets pick up on our “aww” response and use the silent meow to get favors or attention.
The most Prolonged/Loudest Sounds
When two cats face off, each of them emits rather pronounced and loud vocalizations as a way of intimidating the other cat. Also, a female cat on heat for quite a long time may wail, and this is another reason for spraying. Moreover, when we accidentally step on the cats, they make quite an awful loud yell, and we instantly recognize her loud shriek as a reaction to sharp pain.
The best way to get to understand whatever your cat is saying is to; listen to the intonation, volume, duration, and frequency of her vocalizations as well as taking note of her body language. The more we know about cat language translators, then the better we can get to understand whatever it is that our cats say to us and how best we can respond to their needs. Paying attention to their vocal messages enhances their physical health and well-being and also turns out to be an exciting experience for us. | <urn:uuid:07559744-e6b6-4350-9e78-60019323710c> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.aireditorial.com/how-to-translate-cat-talk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948544677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214144324-20171214164324-00207.warc.gz | en | 0.964581 | 643 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The only periods of social confusion, then, were two decades in the center of each of the two centuries, one the first century BC. and the other the first century AD. In the confusion which accompanied the establishment of the empire, the upper classes in Rome were themselves numerous enough to fill the gaps caused by death and proscription. In the dark days of Caligula (who appointed a horse to the senate) and Nero, ascent on the social scale (in the social whirl) did not establish a new social class. Sporadic rises, themselves exceptions, were characterized by their temporary nature. The actual ruling classes of Roman society either retained status or disappeared to give way to their aristocratic cousins from or in the provinces.Next Page
The plebs of the early Empire. During the period of imperial prosperity the artisans were occupied, entertainment was furnished, bread was free, misery was not widespread, the treasury was not bankrupt, the plebs lounged in the Forum by day and slept in insulae by night. There was little to report about them. Little was reported.
Only in the collegia does one see what was happening to the social relationships on this lower level of society. Here the same feeling for rank and tendency toward gradation that characterized the upper classes was noticeable. Dill states: 15
We have drawn attention . . . to the strict gradation of social rank in the city polity. The same characteristic is repeated in the collegiate organization. In these humble plebeian coteries, composed of "men without a grandfather," perhaps, whose father was a slave, or of men who were slaves themselves, there emerges, to our astonishment, a punctilious observant of shadowy distinctions, which is an inheritance from the exclusive aristocratic pride of the old republic.
These collegia elected patrons from among the middle classes, and sometimes from among the public officials of the Empire. The humbler colleges had to be content with rich freedmen. But in fraternizing with the plebs, the patron did no lose his dignity. He sat in pomp, ate the best food, and was wrapped in self-importance.
Slaves and ex-slaves in the early Empire. The influence of slaves and freedmen upon the social class structure and the extent to which they shifted their social position by gaining admission into the classes of free citizens are difficult to estimate for this early period of the Empire. Two neglected facts, however, should be emphasized at the outset: (1) some slaves carried in their persons the culture, education, training, and attitudes of the middle and upper classes of Greece and Asia Minor; (2) many successful Greeks did not spring from slavery. These latter often descended from free Greeks who had been both enterprising and successful in the Hellenic world and dominated and controlled large portions of Roman business. The "disappearance" of true Romans, the alienation of the free Roman population, which went on at a rapid rate during the first century A.D., was not altogether a result of manumission. Much immigration facilitated the foreignization of Italy.
Many slaves were the managers of their owners' enterprises; some even reached their hands into the imperial treasury, which was the emperor's household fund. What they did as slaves, they repeated two-fold as freedmen.
If the freedmen were to have had an effect upon the upper classes, this was surely greatly hampered and checkmated by the introduction of provincial aristocrats into senatorial ranks. Such as Rome's was of filling the voids at the top, left by lines which had died out or had been murdered.
The replenishing of the ranks of the aristocracy from far-flung cities and districts may have been a slap in the face of some of the novi homines who had humiliated the senate by carrying on intrigues within the palace. Certain it is that the new aristocracy was not recruited even from these successful freedmen, although some of them were so well versed in philosophy, rhetoric, and languages as to consider even the cultivated Romans beneath them. Still they could not officially rise; Rome was committed to social class exclusiveness.
Although some very high imperial offices were held by freedmen until the time of Hadrian, they were "very exceptional cases. In the bureaus of finance, it has been discovered from the inscriptions that the officials were all of equestrian rank." 16
15. Ibid., p. 270.
16. Ibid., p. 116. | <urn:uuid:fb21aa6e-b1e2-406f-8de8-5ddd8fbdfa3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.abbeyclock.com/cecil/69.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120844.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00431-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983321 | 920 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Global Fracking Resources
Colorado has a long history of oil and gas development and is home to several major oil and gas basins, including the Denver & Julesburg, Raton, San Juan and Piceance Basins, and the Niobrara, Pierre and Hillard-Baxter-Mancos shale plays. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey revised its estimate of undiscovered, technically recoverable shale gas in the Mancos shale play within the Piceance Basin upward to 66.3 trillion cubic feet. Some industry representatives maintain that even this estimate understates the resource’s potential.
Legislation passed in 2019 has revised Colorado’s approach to oil and gas regulation to prioritize public health and environmental concerns over other issues, including production. The impacts of this refocusing are as of yet uncertain, though several regulatory initiatives are underway.
Statutory and Regulatory Framework
Oil and gas development is governed primarily by the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Act (the “Act”) and rules promulgated by the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (“COGCC”). The COGCC is a division of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources (“DNR”), and has broad statutory authority with respect to impacts on any air, water, soil, or biological resources resulting from oil and gas operations.
The COGCC evaluated hydraulic fracturing risks when it comprehensively updated its regulations in 2008, adopted a chemical disclosure rule in 2012, and adopted statewide water sampling and monitoring rules in 2013. Colorado’s rules also include well casing and cementing requirements, “buffer zones” near surface waters and tributaries that are sources of public drinking water, and other setback requirements.
The DNR Division of Water Resources (“DWR”) oversees the administration of surface and groundwater, including water produced by and used in oil and gas activities. However, a Memorandum of Agreement (“MOA”) between the COGCC and the Water Quality Control Division (“WQCD”) of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (“CDPHE”) transfers reporting and initial oversight responsibilities for spills and releases from oil and gas operations to the COGCC, including responding to spills associated with hydraulic fracturing.
- In February 2014, the CDPHE’s Air Quality Control Commission adopted new air regulations implementing the federal Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production (40 C.F.R. pt. 60, subpt. OOOO) and regulating methane emissions from oil and gas operations, including fracking wells. These rules require an average hydrocarbon control efficiency of 95% at oil and gas production facilities; require green completions at all newly constructed, hydraulically fractured, or recompleted wells; require emissions reductions from centrifugal compressors; require VOC emissions control requirements at storage tanks utilized during production; and address fugitive emissions from components at natural gas compressor stations and well production facilities through various leak detection and repair requirements. Four statewide anti-fracking initiatives were originally going to be on Colorado’s November 2014 ballot, but Governor John Hickenlooper reached an agreement with supporters of the initiatives to keep the initiatives off the ballot. As part of that negotiation, Governor Hickenlooper agreed to establish a Task Force on State and Local Regulation of Oil and Gas Operations (“Task Force”). In its Final Report, dated February 27, 2015, the Task Force presented nine recommendations, primarily focused on increasing the authority of local governments with regards to oil and gas operations, increasing oversight from both COGCC and CDPHE, and facilitating greater information flow both to and from the agencies.
In January 2016, the COGCC approved new rules addressing some of the Task Force’s recommendations. Among other things, the rules call for increased involvement of local governments in processes for planning and siting oil and gas operations.
Subsequently, in 2019, the Colorado legislature passed, and Governor Jared Polis signed into law, Senate Bill 19-181 (“S.B. 19-181”), a sweeping piece of legislation that, among other things, (i) re-envisions the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Act to focus primarily on the protection of public health and the environment, (ii) fundamentally redefines the role and composition of the COGCC, and (iii) elevates the power and level of input that local communities have with respect to oil and gas development activities. The introduction of S.B. 19-181 followed Colorado voters’ rejection of Initiative 97/Proposition 112 at the polls in November 2018, as well as the Colorado Supreme Court’s recent decision in COGCC v. Martinez. Indeed, certain of the COGCC reforms included in S.B. 19-181 were the subject of activist groups’ petitions to newly elected Governor Polis in the wake of Initiative 97’s failure. The bill was also an unambiguous legislative response to the Colorado Supreme Court’s decision in Martinez, which interpreted the COGCC’s mandate at the time to require balancing between oil and gas production and other policy goals.
In addition to reorienting the COGCC to focus on public health and the environment, S.B. 19-181 also revisits the structure of the COGCC. Among other things, the COGCC must now have at least one member each with formal training or substantial expertise/experience in the oil and gas industry, planning or land use, and environmental protection, wildlife protection, or reclamation. S.B. 19-181 also substantially expands the authority of local governments with regards to oil and gas development activities. Several communities have taken advantage of this development to establish setbacks or other regulations on oil and gas production. Additionally, several communities had previously passed restrictions that may be substantially more difficult to challenge under the S.B. 19-181 overhaul; for example:
- Erie, CO – updated public health and safety code to make it “unlawful and a public nuisance for any person, tenant, occupant or property owner to permit the emission of odor from any source to result in detectable odors that leave the premises and are detected by a reasonably prudent person with a normal sense of smell.” The measure is seen as Erie’s first step toward regulating the oil and gas industry, and the town is evaluating amendments to the town’s Unified Development Code to take advantage of S.B. 19-181.
- Thornton, CO – passed a suite of 15 rules aimed at comprehensively regulating the oil and gas industry. The rules required, among other things, 750-foot setbacks from existing or proposed buildings, increased operator insurance requirements, and the removal of flow lines following operations. In April 2018, many of the rules were overturned by a Colorado district court in a lawsuit brought by the industry. Following the lawsuit, rules requiring companies to consolidate wells and minimize disturbances to the surface remain in effect.
- Broomfield, CO – passed Issue 301, an amendment to Broomfield’s Home Rule Charter, which requires Broomfield to “condition oil and gas development permits to require oil and gas development to only occur in a manner that does not adversely impact the health, safety and welfare of Broomfield’s residents in their workplaces, their homes, their schools[,] and public parks in order to protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare and to safeguard the environment and wildlife resources.”
- Lafayette, CO – approved a six-month moratorium on drilling activity, which has been repeatedly extended, now through Nov. 30, 2020.
- Longmont, CO – reached a $3 million agreement with TOP Operating and Cub Creek Energy that would allow the companies to develop oil and gas resources underneath Union Reservoir, but would prevent them from doing so via drilling activities on the surfaces of properties within city limits, or on city-owned properties.
- Boulder, CO – voted in favor of a two-year extension to its fracking moratorium, which was set to expire in June 2018. Unlike the Longmont and Fort Collins measures described above, the Boulder measure has yet to prompt any legal challenge, presumably due to lack of operator interest in drilling activity in the area. Meanwhile, Boulder County’s fracking moratorium lapsed in 2017. The Boulder County moratorium was replaced with what county officials called the “most restrictive” county oil and gas regulations in Colorado.
S.B. 19-181 states explicitly that local governments may regulate the land use and siting of oil and gas facilities in a manner “more protective or stricter” than the state-level requirements. The bill also provides a mechanism allowing local governments and operators to seek review of the local government’s location and siting decisions by a technical review board appointed by the COGCC director to assess any “issues in dispute.” These issues include whether (i) the local government’s siting determination “could affect oil and gas resource recovery,” (ii) the local government’s determination is “impracticable” or would require technologies that are “not available,” and (iii) the operator is proposing to use “best management practices.” Determinations by the technical review board must not address the economic effects of local governments’ preliminary or final siting determinations. Eventually, local governments’ regulation of oil and gas surface impacts is likely to result in challenges by the industry, as S.B. 19-181 limits such regulation to that accomplished “in a reasonable manner,” a phrase begging for judicial interpretation by Colorado courts.
In addition to the above, S.B. 19-181 sets into motion a series of complex regulatory procedures and changes. In many ways, the lasting impact of S.B. 19-181 remains unknown pending the outcome of these regulatory actions. For example, S.B. 19-181 directs the COGCC to: minimize certain emissions, review existing rules for production facilities and compressor stations, adopt an alternative location analysis process, specify criteria used to identify oil and gas locations “to be located near populated areas,” etc.
Most importantly, S.B. 19-181 changes the playing field for these and other future regulatory proceedings in Colorado. For example, the bill repeals the requirement that the COGCC take into consideration cost-effectiveness and technical feasibility with regard to actions taken to minimize adverse impacts to wildlife resources. More broadly, it remains to be seen how the newly recomposed COGCC will implement its revised mandate, which now will no longer include the directive to “foster” the development of oil and gas resources in Colorado. The final impacts of S.B. 19-181 remain to be seen.
Initiatives to Suspend or Ban Hydraulic Fracturing
In recent years, a number of Colorado communities have taken actions aimed at banning or limiting hydraulic fracturing activity within their jurisdictions. Several local initiatives were deemed to be preempted by state law, but this was prior to the passing of S.B. 19-181. Courts have not decided whether S.B. 19-181 allows local jurisdictions to prohibit fracking.
Denver – Clean Air Act “Serious” Non-Attainment
On December 16, 2019, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) designated the Denver Metro/North Front Range region of Colorado as being in “serious” violation of the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (“NAAQS”) for ozone. Reclassifying the region as being in serious nonattainment will require additional restrictions, including applying a lower threshold for permitting large sources of the pollutant and revisions to Colorado’s State Implementation Plan (“SIP”). Revisions to the SIP may impose greater restrictions on oil and gas production.
S.B. 19-181 Rulemakings
S.B. 19-181 initiated a series of complex regulatory processes that would overhaul significant portions of the regulatory scheme applicable to the oil and gas industry. Several of these rulemakings are still ongoing, but several major revisions have been finalized by both COGCC and CDPHE.
On December 19, 2019, the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission (“CAQCC”)—a division of the CDPHE—approved rules to require more extensive emissions monitoring for oil and gas production facilities in the state. On September 23, 2020, CAQCC adopted further regulations, becoming the first state to require emissions monitoring during pre-production, i.e. from drilling through flowback. The rules also require oil and gas facilities to report on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions, in addition to achieving certain emissions reductions for volatile organic compounds. Additional rulemakings are likely out of the CDPHE, as the agency works to fulfill the demands of S.B. 19-181.
Similarly, the COGCC has been working on rules to align with its reoriented focus. On September 28, 2020, COGCC, in a preliminary final vote, voted to approve 2,000-foot setback rules for drilling and fracking operations statewide, effective January 1, 2021, a significant expansion from the previous 500-foot requirement. Some individuals and groups have called the rule a “de facto ban”; however, other groups pointed out that the regulation provides for a variance process to reduce setback limits to as little as 500 feet in certain situations. Although the rule received a preliminary final vote, the official adoption of the rule will not take place until COGCC’s meeting on November 6, 2020. Challenges to the rule are possible from both sides, likely focused on either the variance process or a regulatory takings claim.
Ballot Initiative Block
After the repeated battles over the oil and gas industry at the ballot box, government officials have stepped in to provide some calm while S.B. 19-181 is implemented. Governor Polis announced that he would be working to oppose ballot measures related to oil and gas extraction through 2022, in an effort to allow S.B. 19-181 to take effect before any further referenda are held. Certain local jurisdictions, such as Boulder County, have likewise worked to prevent such ballot measures, at least in 2020.
Last updated October 2020.
See Geography: Maps: Oil and Gas Related Exploration, Resources, and Production: Shale Gas and Oil Play, Lower 48 States, U.S. Energy Info. Admin. [“USEIA”] (June 30, 2016), https://www.eia.gov/maps/images/shale_gas_lower48.pdf.
Dennis Webb, An Even Bigger Beast? Industry Thinks Huge USGS Mancos Shale Estimate May Be Low, Daily Sentinel (June 25, 2016).
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 34-60-100, et seq.
See http://cogcc.state.co.us/reg.html#/rules [hereinafter “COGCC Rules”].
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 34-60-106(2)(d).
Bob Randall, Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Rules and Regulations, Presentation at BLM Colorado Resource Advisory Council Meeting (Mar. 7, 2012).
COGCC Rule 205A, supra note 5.
Id. COGCC Rule 609.
Id. COGCC Rule 317.
Id. COGCC Rule 317B.
See, e.g., id. COGCC Rules 318, 318A, 603, 604, 605.
See generally Colo. Div. of Water Res., http://water.state.co.us/Home/Pages/default.aspx (last visited Sept. 23, 2016).
Memorandum of Agreement for the Implementation of SB181 Amendments to the Colorado Water Quality Control Act (25-8-101, et seq.) (Aug. 28, 1990), https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/moaogcc.pdf.
5 Colo. Code Regs. § 1001-8 to 1001-9available at https://www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/NumericalCCRDocList.do?deptID=16&agencyID=7.
Id. § 1001-8.XIX, see supra note 15.
Id. § 1001-8.XVII.
Id. § 1001-8.XIX.
See generally id.; 40 C.F.R. §§ 60.5360–.5499.
Maeve Reston, Deal will keep fracking battle off Colorado ballot, L.A. Times (Aug. 4, 2014), http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-colorado-deal-fracking-ballot-20140804-story.html.
Colorado Department of Natural Resources: Oil and Gas Task Force.
Colorado Oil and Gas Task Force, Final Report (Feb. 27, 2015).
Cathy Proctor, Colorado oil and gas sites near neighborhoods to get more local scrutiny, Denv. Bus. J. (Jan. 25, 2016), http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/blog/earth_to_power/2016/01/colorado-gives-local-officials-a-say-on-big-new.html.
See COGCC Rule 305A, supra note 5.
See, e.g., Town of Superior, Ordinance No. O- Series 2020 (April 13, 2020), available at https://townofsuperior.granicus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=4&event_id=1424&meta_id=66440.
Anthony Hahn, Erie approves ‘odor’ ordinance, a win for advocates of local oil and gas regulation, Boulder Daily Camera (July 25, 2017), http://www.dailycamera.com/erie-news/ci_31168995/erie-approves-odor-ordinance-fete-advocates-local-oil.
Unified Development Code – Oil and Gas, Erie Colorado, available at https://www.erieco.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13854/11102020-Oil-and-Gas-Regulations?bidId=.
Scott Taylor, Thornton pipeline rules overturned, Northglenn Thornton Sentinel (April 30, 2018), http://northglenn-thorntonsentinel.com/stories/thornton-pipeline-rules-overturned,261544?.
Jennifer Rios, Broomfield Issue 301 passes as voters seek more oil and gas oversight, Broomfield News (Nov. 7, 2017), http://www.broomfieldenterprise.com/broomfield-news/ci_31437164/broomfield-issue-301-passing-voters-seek-more-oil.
Anthony Hahn, Lafayette approves 6-month fracking moratorium on eve of election, Boulder Daily Camera (Nov. 6, 2017), http://www.dailycamera.com/lafayette-news/ci_31433472/lafayette-oil-gas-moratorium.
Kristina Pritchett, Lafayette Council extends oil and gas moratorium to Nov. 30, Colorado Hometown Weekly (May 11, 2020), available at https://www.coloradohometownweekly.com/2020/05/11/lafayette-council-extends-oil-and-gas-moratorium-to-nov-30/.
John Fryar, Longmont approves $3 million deal to end oil and gas surface drilling in city, Denver Post (May 23, 2018), https://www.denverpost.com/2018/05/23/longmont-oil-and-gas-drilling-vote/.
Shay Castle, Boulder City Council extends fracking moratorium by 2 years via emergency vote, Boulder Daily Camera (May 15, 2018), http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_31880916/boulder-city-council-extends-fracking-ban.
Jackie Fortier, Boulder County’s New Fracking Rules: 3 Things To Know, KUNC (Mar. 27, 2017), http://www.kunc.org/post/boulder-county-s-new-fracking-rules-3-things-know#stream/0.
City of Fort Collins v. Colo. Oil & Gas Ass’n, 369 P.3d 586 (Colo. 2016); City of Longmont v. Colo. Oil & Gas Ass’n, 369 P.3d 573 (Colo. 2016).
Press Release, EPA, EPA reclassifies Denver area to “Serious” nonattainment for ozone (Dec. 16, 2019), available at https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-reclassifies-denver-area-serious-nonattainment-ozone.
See, e.g., John Herrick, Colorado begins new phase of reining in emissions from oil and gas, Colorado Independent (Dec. 19, 2019), available at https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/12/19/aqcc-leak-inspection-repair-methane-voc/.
Tripp Baltz, Colorado OKs Oil and Gas Monitoring Rules That All Sides Like, Bloomberg Law (Sep. 23, 2020, 12:26 PM), available at https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/colorado-oks-oil-and-gas-monitoring-rules-that-all-sides-like.
Dennis Huspeni, Colorado oil and gas commission OKs 2,000-foot setbacks for drilling and fracking, Gazette (Colorado Springs), https://gazette.com/colorado_politics/colorado-oil-and-gas-commission-oks-2-000-foot-setbacks-for-drilling-and-fracking/article_7c74012a-3c10-5918-94c6-792675efb2c2.html.
Jared Polis, Give pivotal new oil & gas law a chance to work, Colorado Politics (Sep. 17, 2020), available at https://www.coloradopolitics.com/opinion/give-pivotal-new-oil-gas-law-a-chance-to-work/article_8eb26b64-cd67-11ea-9565-d790872378e8.html.
Nell Salzman, Oil and Gas Initiatives Pulled from 2020 Ballots in Colorado, Westword (Jul. 28, 2020, 6:55 AM), available at https://www.westword.com/news/colorado-oil-and-gas-initiatives-2020-ballots-fracking-11759615. | <urn:uuid:0e44f79f-10c0-4816-98f2-2e91a3d42d8f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.velaw.com/shale-fracking-tracker/resources/colorado/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510903.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001141548-20231001171548-00081.warc.gz | en | 0.907453 | 5,142 | 2.921875 | 3 |
KUALA LUMPUR — The last Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia died on Saturday, leaving the smallest species of rhino, which once roamed across Asia, surviving in small numbers mostly in Indonesia.
The 25-year-old female rhino, named Iman, who has been cared for in a wildlife reserve since her capture in 2014, died of cancer in the state of Sabah on the island of Borneo.
“Iman’s death came rather sooner than we had expected, but we knew that she was starting to suffer significant pain,” said Augustine Tuuga, director of the Sabah Wildlife Department.
The Sumatran rhino was declared extinct in the wild in Malaysia in 2015. Malaysia’s last male Sumatran rhino died in May this year.
The species has now almost disappeared from the wild, and conservationists estimate that only about 30 to 80 Sumatran rhinos survive, mostly on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and on the Indonesian side of Borneo.
Their isolation, caused by habitat loss and poaching, means they rarely breed and may become extinct in a matter of decades, according to conservation group International Rhino Foundation.
Since 2011, Malaysia has tried to breed the species in captivity through in-vitro fertilization, but without success. | <urn:uuid:821fdc48-b6ec-4e61-868f-9e44364b2b2c> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://canoe.com/news/world/malaysias-last-sumatran-rhinoceros-dies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491857.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328104722-20200328134722-00387.warc.gz | en | 0.967082 | 276 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Description Discovered in the ancient necropolis, or burial ground, in Asyut in 1913, the statue is inscribed on either side of the block-like seat with the offering texts for Itj-ibj, a minor official, represented with a shoulder-length head covering and wearing a shendyit, or pleated kilt. While early 12th Dynasty in style, this impressive seated statue shows Itj-ibj in a classic pose copied from Old Kingdom sculpture: hands balanced on his thighs, the left flat and the right clenched in a fist, holding a folded cloth. Traces of red paint with white spots remain on the fleshy areas of the sculpture, and it has been suggested that the exposed parts of the body were painted to make the limestone resemble red granite, a more costly stone.
Provenance Maurice Nahman, Cairo, by 1926, [mode of acquisition unknown]; Henry Walters, Baltimore, 1927, by purchase [Joseph Brummer as agent; Brummer inv. no. X303]; Walters Art Gallery, 1931, by bequest.
Inscriptions [Translation] An offering which the king gives [to] Anubis, Lord of Re-qereret, who is in the embalmment place, Lord of the cemetary, that he may give a good burial by the Treasurer Djefay-hapy to Iti-ibi born of My. [An offering] which the king gives [to] Osiris, Lord of Busiris, the Great god, Lord of Abydos, on all his places, that he may give mortuary offerings of bread, beer, oxen and fowl, clothing, alabaster [to] the Revered Itj-[ibj].
Credit Acquired by Henry Walters, 1927
Download Image Add to Collection Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Creative Commons License | <urn:uuid:407ef089-0e73-4c72-b323-3b93c807d9cd> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://art.thewalters.org/detail/26545/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585322.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020152307-20211020182307-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.927506 | 379 | 2.765625 | 3 |
New research from the CDC forecasts an alarming future. In order to curb the obesity predicament, lobbying by food and beverage groups must be reined in.
This month 126 years ago, Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton invented his famous flavor syrup for Coca-Cola, having no idea that his concoction would grow to be a global phenomenon. It’s fitting then, that a new report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)—also based in Atlanta—and Duke University reveals American obesity rates may skyrocket to 42 percent in the next twenty years if current trends continue. This study contradicts earlier CDC research published in 2010, which hypothesized obesity levels, then nearing 34 percent, would level off.
The purpose of the study was to estimate how many calories youth must eliminate per day in order to reach the government’s Healthy People 2020 goals of having 16.1 percent obesity rates among adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.
“Conceptually, increasing obesity is due to an accumulation of small but positive daily excesses of calories consumed relative to calories burned over and above those required for healthy growth and development,” the report states.
“Over years and even decades, these small daily surpluses lead to two outcomes: average body weights higher than projected under-normal growth; and a higher energy requirement to maintain the new weight.” In order to halt the rising growth of obesity, kids should eliminate 41 calories per day from their diet, or 64 calories to reach the Healthy People 2020 goals—seemingly small reductions. But again, if no calories are reduced, 42 percent of people could be obese by the year 2030.
The last thing anyone wants is to live under a “nanny state,” and my moderate political self tepidly agrees. If I want to eat that piece of chocolate, gol'darn it, I'm having it.
But researchers theorize that the medical expenditures due to increased obesity will result in similarly bloated hospital bills: upwards of $500 billion over the next two decades. As The Atlantic editor Brian Fung points out, that’s more than the U.S. Department of Defense asked for in its budget for the 2013 fiscal year.
That said, it’s not only the fed’s business to support programs like SPARK (Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids) and more nutritious school lunch programs, but also to resist the lobbying efforts of mega food and beverage groups, which lobbied a combined $175 million since President Barack Obama took office in 2009, as reported by Reuters.
After poring over statistics and forecasts as frightening as these, I question when the obesity tipping point will be. If health, low quality of life and massive financial burden are symptoms of obesity, when will lobbying dollars lose their power and lawmakers adopt and enforce research-based tactics? And most important, when will pizza lose its vegetable status? | <urn:uuid:32eef6eb-c9e1-4b65-8045-649a3efd1da8> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://deliciousliving.com/print/blog/obesity-may-reach-42-2030-study-says?group_id=4448 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119652530.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030052-00057-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949307 | 593 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Healthcare assistants, sometimes referred to as healthcare aides, are compassionate, patient, and caring as they provide personal assistance to patients in need. They often work with vulnerable populations such as those with mental or physical disabilities and the elderly.
As a society, the prioritization of acceptance and inclusion of persons with disabilities is imperative to uphold human rights and strive for sustainable development, peace, and security for these groups of people. As seen with COVID-19, these groups are often more susceptible to be affected and hit hardest by unexpected events.
December 3rd is International Day of Persons with Disabilities Day, a day that every healthcare assistant should thoroughly understand. Here’s a closer look.
2021 Theme: Fighting for Rights in the Post-COVID Era
Every year, there is a theme for International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD), and for 2021 the theme is “Fighting for rights in the post-COVID era.” The goal of this theme is to help people around the world celebrate the challenges, barriers, and opportunities of people who live with disabilities.
All of these components have been exacerbated for people with disabilities in the context of a global pandemic. Where many people already face marginalisation, discrimination, vulnerability, and exploitation, the increased risk of poor outcomes are magnified during a pandemic. They have seen reduced access to routine healthcare, more pronounced social isolation, a lack of emergency preparedness, and many more difficulties since the pandemic began.
The United Nations and World Health Organization Celebrate IDPWD
The WHO helps decide on the theme for each IDPD, and is actively involved in the observance of this holiday each year. The WHO’s most essential involvement includes evidence-based advocacy material that is then distributed to its partners around the world.
These materials include brochures, flyers, posters, banners, infographics, and presentations and are distributed to partners in government and civil society, as well as in WHO regional offices. If you’re in the process of receiving your healthcare assistant diploma, you may see these resources around. The WHO also runs an annual IDPD event at its headquarters to help educate the public, advocate for political change, and demand resources for persons with disabilities.
Expected Outcomes of IDPD for Anyone in Healthcare Assistant Training
If you are enrolled in healthcare assistant training, you will want to know the reasoning for IDPD as well as the desired outcomes for this day. In light of the recognition that this day brings, the UN created the UN Disability Inclusion Strategy that aims to “raise the organization’s standards and performance on disability inclusion—across all pillars of work, from headquarters to the field,” as stated here.
Additionally, the celebration of this day and recognition of these vulnerable populations is done in hopes of gaining traction to the movement of the ongoing support of persons with disabilities. By celebrating, participants call on domestic and international professionals to prioritize more meaningful investments in the socioeconomic building blocks which will reduce the barriers those with disabilities face around the world.
Do you want to become a healthcare assistant?
Contact Discovery Community College to learn more about our program. | <urn:uuid:ce3bb1c3-7b82-4543-9ae5-d502878d7bf7> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://discoverycommunitycollege.com/blog/international-day-of-persons-with-disabilities-details-for-healthcare-assistant-diploma-seekers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650620.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605021141-20230605051141-00458.warc.gz | en | 0.963748 | 647 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Hamong Santono, Jakarta | Sat, 04/05/2008 12:43 PM | Opinion
Access to clean water is one of Indonesia's biggest problems. According to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report 2007, published by the National Development Planning Board, piped water is accessible to 30.8 percent of households in the country's cities and 9 percent in its villages.
Such figures show the limitations of the municipality's water service provider, PDAM
Lack of investment in clean water is one reason PDAM gives for its limited outreach. Based on a government statement, to meet the MDGs target by 2015, Indonesia needs Rp 43 trillion (US$4.6 billion) in clean water funding. The government currently provides Rp 500 billion.In order to close the funding gap, the government expects private investment in drinking water infrastructure.
Attracting private investment in clean water is no easy task. Between 1990 and 2006, there were only 26 collaboration projects between PDAM and private firms.These public-private partnerships have only occurred in big cities and industrial areas. Whether the partnership has delivered the efficient and effective service improvement it promised is debatable.
Some say the public-private partnership can not be implemented because of legal complications. Also, the private sector needs a guaranteed return on its investments. On the other hand, clean water infrastructure is not as appealing to investors as energy and telecommunications.
The need for clean water funding is something that cannot be covered by private investment. In Indonesia, most PDAM utilities have small scales of economy and are therefore unattractive to investors
There is no evidence to suggest private investors will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water services, whereas the government has a duty to do so.
Increasing public funding for clean water infrastructure is the most rational approach for Indonesia. This effort should begin with an analysis of the needs of locals. This should be done through a democratic and participatory process.
There are resources and mechanisms the government could employ to increase clean water funding, such as state and local budgets, grants, government bonds and community-public partnership.
In order to use a grant system, the government should improve its proposal management and clearly focus on real needs in order to widen clean water services.
PDAM could use existing funds more efficiently. If it could reduce leakages from 40 percent to 20 percent, it would have more disposable funds to invest in infrastructure. PDAM should use cost recovery principles, as long as costs are not passed on to consumers. Cost recovery principles should also be supported by a proper subsidy mechanism.
Bond investing is a traditional lending instrument for public services. The mechanism needs conditions, such as strong capital structure at local level.
Community-public partnership is the most realistic mechanism that can be implemented by PDAM. There are lots of PDAM utilities providing water hydrants and terminals, which are now managed by locals. Unfortunately, these mechanism have not always been successful, although some PDAM utilities are still able to run the mechanism well.
A few of the mechanisms in place now do help the poor access clean water at affordable prices. The most important thing is to make sure the mechanisms run properly and that the needs of people at the local level are met through appropriate funding.
The writer is the national coordinator of the People's Coalition for The Right to Water.
source : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/04/05/access-clean-water-a-problem-indonesia.html
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Sebagai bagian dari upaya untuk menolak praktek-praktek privatisasi air khususnya di... | <urn:uuid:1dd8df73-88c8-463e-91e7-7624d1cd4bf6> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://kruha.org/page/id/dinamic_detil/20/72/Artikel/Access_to_Clean_Water___A_Problem_for_Indonesia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376831715.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219065932-20181219091932-00630.warc.gz | en | 0.892978 | 927 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Malware and Virus on macOS cannot easily penetrate users computers. Hackers’ main goal designing such things is to persuade users to click and install malicious software. Moreover, hackers also expect users to provide malware with access to files. To accomplish this difficult task, malefactors use spam messages, rogue ads, and redirects to fake websites.
Digital rogues infect the macOS device by using fake antivirus tools that pretend to scan the device and claim that this Mac is severely infected. In order to remove the infection, users are advised to click several buttons. Don’t panic. There are ways to protect your Mac from virus. But before we protect our Mac from malware, it is important to know what virus can do with Mac. Let’s take a deep dive!
What Can Virus Do With your Mac?
Most virus aimed at Mac devices are created to collect user information. Malicious code steals data from the address book. It also steals passwords and bank card information.
There are some malware pieces that use system processing power. They are called cryptominers. They mine cryptocurrencies for the benefit of an attacker. So, as a result, the computer starts working slowly, it becomes very hot.
Other virus turn Mac devices into bots and use them during DDoS attacks. Some malware strains that are not virus cause browser redirects, fake system alerts, popups. These are called adware. They are just pests, very annoying ones.
It is important to note that it is not easy to find virus that may disrupt the operating system paralyzing the device and locking down stored data. Really dangerous virus infect mostly Windows systems. It is not financially justified yet for hackers to create them for macOS.
How Does Virus Protection Work in macOS?
The operating system relies on Gatekeeper. When new apps get launched on the Mac device, the developer certificate should be verified. Besides, the app code is checked against a list of known rogue software. Gatekeeper also blocks apps with security vulnerabilities. In the end of the day users are well protected from many types of virus.
However, Apple security measures are not ideal. Virus writers can steal developers certificates. Hackers can also introduce the malicious code via an update of an app that passed systems checks long ago.
Do You Need Antivirus for Mac?
To scan Mac device for malware, users can utilize free antivirus solutions offered by the leaders of this industry. Below you can find the list of the best antivirus tools for Mac:
Those who do not trust antivirus and believe they are not needed, can scan suspicious files by uploading them to well-known online virus scanners like VirusTotal.
How to Protect your Mac from Virus
It is well known that even antivirus software may cause harm. These tools lull the vigilance and make users believe they are 100% protected, ignoring the real issues.
Antivirus tools fit Windows systems more than Mac devices. The designers of macOS did all possible things to cover you and protect from dangerous software.
Users only need to use precaution and do not forget about basic safety rules to stay safe. Here are some useful tips:
- It is crucial to install all macOS updates. Software updates are intended to patch new security vulnerabilities that attackers like to exploit
- Use the official App Store or developer websites to install all programs. Steam and other sources that distribute games or other digital products can be dangerous
- Do not visit shady websites like torrent trackers, adult sites, coupon sites, etc
- Treat all links and email attachments with caution, especial if they are sent by unfamiliar people
- Use password managers to log into important accounts. The most important passwords should be kept in your head
- Enable full disc encryption to protect personal files. Apple FileVault is created for this task
- Consider using VPNs (virtual private networks) for secure data transfers
That’s all friends!
Some Apple lovers who are not used to such cunning techniques and never thought that macOS could be prone to malware, fell for the trick of hackers. Such users believe they install a virus removal tool. And they do not hesitate to provide it all necessary permissions including access to system files as it seems logical that malware removal software needs these privileges to do its work well. In the end of the day, naïve users get malware that has full control over the device.
You would like to read these posts as well:
- Cleanup and Optimize your Mac with TweakBit MacRepair
- Best Parental Control Software for Mac
- Remove Most Common Mac Virises
- Intego Mac Internet Security X9 review: For virus and internet protection!
Which antivirus software do you use on your Mac? Share your feedback with us in the comment section. | <urn:uuid:9f0aa614-1b3e-457a-bf32-8a5a431c7b6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.igeeksblog.com/virus-on-mac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337731.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006061224-20221006091224-00433.warc.gz | en | 0.921265 | 979 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Generation of new, daughter cells divided from parent cells. Occurs through mitosis, in response to a need. Under control of genes.
Ex - skin cells & RBCs
What is differentiation? What are the 3 categories.
Maturity, specificity & functionality.
1. Undifferentiated stem cells have the potential to mature into more specific cell types
2. Progenitor cells reproduce daughter cells
3. Highly differentiated cels that don't reproduce
What influences differentiation regulation?
Stimulation from external envi
What are stem cells?
highly undifferentiated units that have the potential to divide into daughter stem cells which can mature into differentiated cells w/ a specific funciton.
Flexible & adaptable
Ex - blood loss > stem cells differentiate into RBC
What is neoplasia?
Irreversible deviant development of cells that results in an abnormal mass of tissue
T/F: Neoplasms only emerge from parenchymal cells/tissues.
F: they can stem from parenchymal (functional organ cells) or stromal (supportive structure) cells/tissues.
T/F: Neoplasms arise only in cells that are capable of proliferation
True. Labile cells (epithelial, blood) are highly susceptible.
T/F: At the level of the cell, cancer is genetic
True. Always involves the malfunction of genes that control cell reproduction, growth, differentiation & death.
T/F: 1% of heritable cancer syndromes are passed along germ line cells.
True. Many follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance.
T/F: Cancer usually develops through an inherited mutation.
False: usually manifests through genetic mutations after birth. Usually related to harmful environmental exposures that injure cell DNA to alter proliferation/differentiation
What does the initiation-promotion-progression theory underscore?
The idea of cofactors in cancer etiology.
What is the promoting event?
Expansion of the mutated cell's growth & reproduction.
Ex - chronic inflammation, hormones, chemicals.
What is progression?
Extension of the promotion phase, except now the growth no longer needs a promoter, it's AUTONOMOUS.
What causes the cell mutations that lead to neoplasia?
Often unknown. Most mutations are spontaneous alterations in DNA replication or repair w/ no apparent trigger.
What are the 3 categories of genes that can lead to cancer?
1. mutator genes (repair mutated DNA)
2. oncogenes (code proteins that regulation cell growth; alter proliferation/differentiation)
3. tumor suppressor genes (prohibit overproliferation & regulate apoptosis; when mutated = immortality)
What are protooncogenes?
"normal" genes with a vital role in regulating cell function. Precursor genes; when activated, become oncogenes via:
Where is activation of oncogenes seen most commonly?
Spontaneous mutation of somatic cells. If activated in germ line cells, there will usually be a spontaneous abortion.
What causes point mutations?
1. arise spontaneously
2. from environmental exposure (chemicals, UV radiation)
What are 3 common types of cancers that result from translocations?
Leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors.
What is gene amplification? Where is it implicated?
Accelerating the replication of a gene. Alters the chromosome.
Solid tumors (breast, neuroblastoma)
What are 3 oncogene abbreviations? What indicates its origin/location?
v (virus), c (cell/chromosome)
What are tumor suppressor genes? What happens when they are mutated?
Prohibit overproliferation of cells via apoptosis.
Cell becomes immortal and has unrestricted proliferation
Whose cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine?
How long has she been dead?
What is the total weight of cells grown from HeLa cells?
50 million tons
What is telomerase?
An enzyme that adds length to the telomere, the chromosomal "time clock." Telomeres usually shorten as chromosomes age; once the cap falls off, the cell undergoes apoptosis.
T/F: mutator genes, oncogenes, tumor supressor genes & telomerase are sufficient to impair cell function & allow unregulated cell growth
False: they're necessary, but not sufficeint.
Mutated genes are usually just tumor initiators/promotors.
What is a carcingen? What are the 2 categories?
a known cancer-causing agent. Interfere w/ molecular pathways and can initiate/promote tumors.
1. direct - modify cell DNA
2. indirect - induce immunosuppression or chronic inflammation
ex - radiation, free radicals, hormones, tobacco, infectious microorganisms, chemicals
What types of radiation can damage or kill the cell?
high-energy ionizing radiation: gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays.
Which cells are most commonly affected by radiation exposure?
Labile cells. Radiation is aimed at cells that are highly proliferative.
What are some types of tumors have receptors that are responsive to hormone levels?
Breast, uterus & prostate tumors
How are adrenal corticosteroid hormones (prednisone) used to treat cancer?
They can directly kill tumor cells, esp lymph cells, & inhibit mitosis. Also have anti-inflammatory effects.
What drug is commonly used in breast cancer treatment? What does it do?
Tamoxifen. It blocks the action of estrogen & inhibits tumor growth in breast tissues.
What percent of cancers are viral infections responsible for?
Ex - hepatitis & HPV
Few bacteria, by contrast, are carcinogenic (H. pylori is an exception)
T/F: Chemical carcinogenesis is heavily influenced by gender.
F: it's influenced by individual susceptibility, lifestyle factors & environment.
What is anaplasia?
describes the neoplasm's loss of differentiation
greater anaplasia > less differentiation > more aggressive tumor
Cytologic analysis will reveal the presence of cells that vary in size & shape w/ enlarged nuclei & rapid, atypical mitosis.
What are the characteristics of cancer (neoplastic) cells?
3. Lack cell-to-cell inhibitions (proliferating cells are usually sensitive to presence of neighbors; in wound healing cell-to-cell contact usually stops proliferation; when contact is lost that usually triggers new cell synthesis)
4. Lack cohesions & adhesiveness (easily move between other cells to begin growing in distant sites)
T/F: neoplastic cells are energy independent and undergo extensive angiogenesis.
F: they are energy dependent. They do undergo extensive angiogenesis.
T/F: Neoplasms exhibit normal growth factors for reproduction & angiogenesis.
F: they have deviant & excessive growth factors to allow rapid reproduction/angiogenesis to meet extreme nutrient demands.
How do tumor cells move into neighboring tissues?
They secrete enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix.
What are paraneoplastic syndromes?
Hormonal, neurologic, hematologic & chemical disturbances in the body that are NOT directly related to invasion by the primary tumor or mets.
What is one possible manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes?
Hormone disturbances. Neoplasms can produce & secrete ectopic hormones that aren't under the control of the endocrine system and don't respond to feedback mechanisms. Neoplasms can also secrete substances that mimic hormone function
What is a second possible manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes?
Disturbances in neurologic function. The hormones neoplasms secrete can disturb fluid & electrolyte balance > jacked up neurologic functioning.
Tumors can also cause generalized numbness, weakness & loss of neurologic function through:
1. promoting brain hemorrhage
2. promoting infection in the CNS
3. denying neuronal tissues a vascular supply
What do the terms benign & malignant refer to?
Tumor location & appearance related to tissue of origin.
What are the characteristics of a benign tumor?
It remains localized & closely resembles the tissue of origin. They overproliferate, but don't have a loss of differentiation.
1. slow growth
4. well differentiated
T/F: Benign tumors are harmless.
F: large benign tumors can impinge nearby structures, obstruct vital functions and cause death.
What are the characteristics of a malignant tumor?
Invasive, destructive, spread to other sites, don't resemble tissue of origin.
1. rapid growth
3. mets via blood/lymph channels
4. poor differentiation
How do malignant tumors promote ischemia & necrosis?
They use energy & nutrients needed by unaffected tissues.
What is local spread? What are possible outcomes?
Proliferation of the neoplasm w/in the tissue of origin
Promotes loss of function:
What is direct extension?
Tumor cells move into adjacent tissues/organs. A defining characteristic of malignancy.
What is seeding?
A form of direct extension in which neoplastic proliferation occurs within peritoneal & pleural cavities surrounding the affected tissue/organ.
What is metastasis?
When neoplasms spread to distant sites via lymph/blood vessels. The lethal aspect of cancer.
What are the 4 steps of metastasis?
1. break through basement membrane (if present) & extracellular matrix
2. gain access to & circulate w/in the blood/lymph systems
3. leave blood/lymph & adhere to distant tissues
4. establish nutrient network through angiogenesis
T/F: Tumors have easier access through the arterial system than the venous or lymphatic systems
F: Lymph capillaries & venules are thinner.
What is tropism? What are 3 factors that promote it?
Describes the affinity of a primary tumor to a specific distant site.
1. favorable envi in the new tissue/organ
2. adherence molecule compatibility between neoplasm & new tissue/organ
3. location or the organ in relation to the path of blood flow.
Ex - colon tumors tend to metastasize in the liver.
What does the suffix "oma" indicate?
Designates a tumor is based on cell or tissue of origin.
Benign = cell/tissue origin + -oma "epithelioma" "adenoma" "teratoma" "osteoma"
Malignant = cell/tissue origin + carcin/sarc + -oma "adenocarcinoma" "chondrosarcoma"
(carcin = epithelial, sarc = connective tissue)
T/F: Lymphoma, melanoma & leukemia are benign neoplasms.
False. They're malignant, despite their nomenclature.
What are 5 carcinogens?
4. infectious microoganisms (HPV)
5. chemicals (asbestos)
What is carcinoma in situ?
Describes carcinomas confined to the epithelium that haven't yet penetrated the basement membrane. Can remain "in situ" indefinitely.
T/F: Carcinoma in situ tumors are often asymptomatic.
True. If detected 'in situ' there will usually be a favorable prognosis. Unfortunately many tumors aren't detected until then penetrate the basement membrane.
What is staging?
Classifying the extent/spread of the disease from the site of origin.
size (higher # = bigger size)
lymph node involvement
spread (higher # = more spread)
Treatment is based on this.
What system is most frequently used to stage tumors?
tumor size (primary tumor)
node (lymph) involvement
What is tumor grading?
Differentiates the level of anaplasia depicted by the tumor.
higher tumor grade > more deviance from tissue of origin.
I (well differentiated) - IV (highly undifferentiated)
T/F: tumors graded I or II resemble the tissue of origin in size, shape, structure & mitotic activity
True. It's III/IV that have little resemblance to the tissue of origin.
What are 6 manifestations of cancer?
5. palpable mass
6. loss of tissue function
What are the general manifestations of cancer related to? (4 things)
1. systemic inflammatory/immune responses
2. increased metabolic rate induced by tumors
3. paraneoplastic syndromes
4. local effects of tumor encroachment on, or obstruction of neighboring tissues/organs
What causes fever in cancer?
Release of pyrogens from cancer cells and other cells active in the inflammatory response.
What causes anorexia in cancer?
Due to chemical mediators circulating (from inflammatory response), and changes in taste receptors that accompany tumor growth.
What is cachexia & what causes it?
Unexplained weight loss & tissue wasting.
Result of early feelings of fullness with eating; release of chemical mediators like tumor necrosis factor that reduce appetite.
What is leukemia?
Malignant neoplasms of the blood & blood-forming organs. Often associated w/ overproliferation & lack of differentiation in white blood cells (can affect other cell types tho).
What does leukemia put in place of bone marrow cells?
Immature, proliferating neoplasms, aka blast cells.
What are possible causes of leukemia?
Radiation & chemical exposure.
If treated w/ chemo for lymphomas or other cancers, more prone to develop leukemia.
Down syndrome more susceptible.
Genetic predisposition too.
What are the 2 classifications of leukemia?
1. acute - sudden, result in rapid loss of function
2. chronic - gradual in onset, early symptoms vague.
What are the 2 cell types affected by leukemia?
1. lymphocytic leukemia - immature lymphocytes that originate in bone marrow
2. myelogenous leukemia - myeloid stem cells in marrow. Interferes w/ maturation of blood cells, including erythrocytes & platelets.
What is ALL?
Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Most common cancer in kids, but also occurs in adulthood. Immature B & T lymphocytes are the malignant cells.
T/F: ALL is associated w/ alterations in chromosomal number & translocations
True. Each specific alteration has prognostic significance.
What is AML?
Acute myelogenous leukemia. Most prevalent acute form and occurs most commonly in adults.
Immature myeloid cells proliferate in the bone marrow and can't differentiate. Leads to anemia, leukopenia & thrombocytopenia.
What are risk factors for developing AML?
3. previous chemo/radiation tx
4. history of ALL
5. exposure to atomic bomb radiation or benzene
6. history of myelodysplastic syndrome
What 3 factors of ALL & AML are the clinical manifestations related to?
1. immaturity of white blood cells & other cells originating in the marrow
2. crowding of leukemic cells in marrow
3. infiltration of leukemic cells in CNS, lymph nodes, liver & spleen
What are the clinical manifestations of ALL & AML?
1. Increased infections - (immaturity of white blood cells)
2. Anemia, bruising, epistaxis (nose bleeds) - decreased erythrocyte/platelet production due to leukemic crowding in marrow.
3. Bone pain - leukemic crowding
4. Headaches, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, seizures & coma - infiltration into CNS
5. Enlargement/tenderness of organs - infiltration into nodes, spleen, liver
6. Weight loss & fever - unexplained
T/F: chronic leukemias are most commonly found in children.
False. Slower in onset & more common in middle/older adults.
What is CLL?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results in overproliferation of B lymphocytes that are relatively mature but not fully functional. Can't form antibodies as well, so infection is common.
What is CML?
Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Overprolif of myelogenous cells that are relatively mature but not fully functional.
What differentiates chronic leukemias?
They present certain B-cell antigens & other genetic/chromosomal aberrations.
Where are lymphomas derived from? What type of neoplasms do they produce?
WBCs (mostly lymphocytes) & lymph tissue.
Solid organ tumors in lymph tissues, and later, in bone marrow. Can also present in spleen & liver.
What is Hodgkin's lymphoma? What is the cause.
Malignancy of lymphoid tissue. There is painless, progressive enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.
T/F: the mortality rate for adults w/ HL has declined at a greater pace than any other malignancy
True. Due to better radiation/chemo tx.
What 2 cell types are implicated in HL?
1. multinucleated gian cells (macrophages) called Reed-Sternberg cells
2. mononuclear giant cells called Hodgkins's cells
other inflammatory cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, small lymphocytes & fibroblasts.
What types of cells does HL typically arise in?
B cells that can't synthesize immunoglobulin & are resistant to apoptosis.
What is the staging for HL?
I - involvement of single lymph node region
IV - involvement of one or more organs outside lymphatic system.
What are the systemic manifestations of HL?
Drenching night sweats
(if absent, stage is HL A; if present, stage is HLB)
What are the manifestations of HL?
Nontender enlarged lymph node(s) in the neck - firm/rubbery in texture
Low grade fever
Pruritis (severe itching)
What is NHL?
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Encompasses broad range of B & T cell malignancies. Doesn't have the Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells.
What is included in the REAL classification system?
Both lymphomas & leukemias, since they both involve immune cell neoplasms. | <urn:uuid:cfb5af19-85d7-4fac-977a-5d0ffc0f698c> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://quizlet.com/5856779/patho-ch-07-cell-proliferation-differentiation-flash-cards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510266894.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011746-00371-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867265 | 3,922 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Article at a Glance
- Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which help cells repair and detoxify themselves.
- Research has found several anti-aging applications for exosomes.
- Several exosomal therapies are currently in use for a variety of conditions.
Using exosomes for anti-aging might be the future of rejuvenation. It certainly seems to be the next stage in the evolution of rejuvenative therapy. This is especially the case for those with an interest in stem cell therapy and the benefits it brings. But what are exosomes? How are they different fromstem cells? And how can they help? Let’s find out!
What Exactly Are Exosomes?
Our human cells are made up of various components with different functions called organelles. Exosomes are formed when these organelles fuse with the cell wall and tiny parts bud off from the cell. These buds carry some of its contents, such as proteins and RNA.
Stem cell-derived exosomes have been used to repair aging body tissues, as they have displayed remarkable regenerative activity. They have been found to influence cells to heal themselves, and they also play a role in removing cellular cytotoxins [R]. The exosomes being used as treatment are purchased from biotech companies that do the harvesting. They are not harvested from the patients who are going to use them for treatment.
Below are a few ways that exosomes are currently being used to halt or reverse age-related conditions.
Given time, human skin will start to manifest physical signs of aging such as wrinkling. This is caused by an impaired ability to regenerate critical skin components [R]. Exosomes may hold the key to slowing this process because they work on a cellular level to promote skin cell regeneration.
In the lab, exosomes have been successfully used to slow the onset of skin aging. They do this by promoting the proliferation of fibroblast cells which are vital to maintaining skin strength and elasticity [R]. While studies have yet to be done on humans, exosomes are already being used in facials at anti-aging clinics. Additionally, there are exosome-based moisturizers available commercially [R].
Minimizing the Effects of Joint Disease
Bone and cartilage loss associated with aging can cause significant pain and deformity, leading to limitation of physical activity. Exosomes derived from embryonic stem cells have proven useful in regenerating articular cartilage. This means that they slow the progress of joint disease.
In one study, a single injection of exosomes into the knees of patients with osteoarthritis significantly improved clinical outcomes. Patients who received the treatments noted substantial relief from pain and faster functional recovery [R].
How Is This Different From Stem Cell Therapy?
Stem cell treatments involve the use of whole cells to replace faulty or aging ones. Exosomes are vesicles which have detached from cells with contents that could potentially influence the behavior of other cells.
Although exosomes can be derived from any cell type, the sources of clinically useful stem cells are limited to the developing embryo (embryonic stem cells) and bone marrow, adipose tissue and blood (adult stem cells).
The significant edge exosomal biotechnology may have over stem cell treatments is the minimal risk of rejection by the recipient’s body. Rather than replacing a person’s cells with foreign ones that the body may fail to accept, exosomes simply modify the functions of already present native cells.
Exosomes for Anti-Aging Summary
Despite the research into the biogenesis and functions of exosomes still being in its early stages, the beneficial applications could be widespread. If properly applied, these tiny vesicles could hold the key to enhanced health.
A number of longevity clinics now offer exosomal therapies. If you want to learn more about exosomal therapy, please check our directory for a list of providers.
The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. Information is provided for educational purposes. You should consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website. | <urn:uuid:bc05a5df-f2f1-4137-85c8-fd4301ccb255> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://keepmeprime.com/exosomes-anti-aging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476464.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304165127-20240304195127-00882.warc.gz | en | 0.94415 | 861 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Food Safety Focus (111th Issue, October 2015) – Incident in Focus
Online Shopping and Food Safety
Ms. Janny MA, Scientific Officer,
Risk Assessment Section,
Centre for Food Safety
Online shopping has become popular; food/ food ingredients ranging from raw meats, sashimi to sandwiches can be delivered to consumers, from Hong Kong or even abroad, by simply clicking a button. This article addresses the increasing concerns over the microbiological risk associated with food purchased online and the importance of effective control to ensure food safety.
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment; virtually any food can harbour bacteria. While spoilage bacteria cause taste and smell changes in food which affect the quality, pathogenic bacteria can cause illness and lead to food safety problems.
In general, bacteria can grow rapidly (i.e. one bacterium can double in just 15 minutes and can multiply to over 16 million within six hours!) in high moisture, high protein foods that have not been processed to prevent their growth. Perishable foods are thus prone to deterioration if they are not stored, refrigerated and handled properly within a short period of time.
No matter they are purchased online or from traditional retail stores, ready-to-eat perishable foods, including sandwiches and marinated raw crabs which have been implicated in recent food poisoning outbreaks, are generally of great food safety concern. It is because they will not be subject to further heat treatment before consumption to inactivate any harmful microorganisms that may be present.
High-risk foods purchased online including those implicated in previous foodborne outbreaks
Upon ordering online, food products are delivered to individual buyers, from miles to thousand miles away. Effective measures to protect food from cross-contamination and prevent bacterial growth particularly during long distance transport are essential to ensure food safety. It is rather difficult for consumers to verify though.
Food must be adequately protected. Perishable foods such as meat and poultry should be wrapped securely to maintain quality and to prevent meat juices from getting onto other foods. Containers for transporting foods should be kept in an appropriate state of cleanliness, repair and condition. Effective cleaning and disinfection should take place between loads if the same container is used for transporting different foods. Where appropriate, particularly in bulk transport, containers shouldbe designated and marked for food-use only and be used only for that purpose.
Noting that inadequate food temperature control is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness or food spoilage, systems should be in place to ensure that temperature is controlled effectively i.e. keep refrigerated foods at 4°C or below, frozen foods at or below -18°C. Pack perishable foods in an insulated box with a cold source or in a cool bag to maintain a proper storage environment where necessary. Make sure perishable foods are not held at 4°C-60°C for a prolonged period i.e. for more than 4 hours. If they are, they should be discarded.
Key Points to Note
- Ready-to-eat perishable foods, regardless they are purchased online or from traditional retail stores, are of high food safety risk.
- Like those sold in the tradition manner, it is essential to protect perishable foods sold online from contamination and follow strict time/ temperature control throughout the supply chain.
- Food businesses involved in the preparation of food for sale or the sale of restricted foods such as sashimi, sushi, oysters to be eaten raw and chilled meat are required to obtain relevant licences/restricted food permits from the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD).
Advice to the Public
- Pay attention to the nature and potential risks associated with the food items if you intend to purchase online. Susceptible populations, e.g., the elderly, young children, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems should take extra precautions.
- Patronise reliable licensed food premises/holders of restricted food permits, especially when buying high-risk foods such as oysters to be eaten raw, sushi and sashimi etc. Ask the operator to provide information about their licensing status or identity and verify such information through the website of the FEHD.
- Consider whether the high-risk foods purchased online can be kept at a safe temperature during transportation.
- Transactions made outside Hong Kong might be subject to risk. For instance, the coverage of consumer protection abroad can be different from that in Hong Kong.
Advice to the Trade
- Sale activities online, like in the conventional business mode, are regulated by relevant legislation in Hong Kong, including food safety and food business regulations pertaining to the importation, advertisement and sale of food products.
- All food for sale must be fit for human consumption.
- An import licence from the Centre for Food Safety (CFS) is required for the importation of chilled/frozen meat or chilled/ frozen poultry meat.
- Application to the CFS for importation of milk, milk beverage or frozen confection from approved sources of manufacture outside Hong Kong is also required.
- Ensure the requirements on food labelling under the Food and Drugs (Composition and Labelling) Regulations (Cap. 132W) regarding the sale, advertisement and display of food are complied with, if prepackaged foods are to be sold online.
- Any person who carries on a food importation or distribution business must register as a food importer or a food distributor and keep records relating to the movements of food as stipulated in the Food Safety Ordinance (Cap. 612).
- It is an offence to prepare food for sale without a valid food factory or other forms of licences issued by the FEHD.
- It is an offence to sell or offer to sell restricted food, such as chilled/frozen meat, poultry and fish, oysters to be eaten raw, sushi and sashimi, without relevant permission granted by the FEHD. | <urn:uuid:a346a901-3986-4157-928b-7d44c52608ba> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_111_01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267860168.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618090026-20180618110026-00533.warc.gz | en | 0.933692 | 1,200 | 3.125 | 3 |
INFLAMMATION OF THE LINING OF THE WOMB. Endometritis
Categories: Diseases of Women
Endometritis is an
inflammation of the lining membrane of the womb, with a tendency to extend
to the lining membrane of the fallopian tubes and to the peritoneum. These
are the acute and chronic varieties.
Causes. It may occur during an acute skin disease eruption, like that of
scarlet fever, and occasionally upon exposure to cold during menstruation.
The most frequent exciting causes are the microorganisms, lik
gonorrhea poison, etc.
Acute Variety. The whole mucous lining is inflamed. In severe cases the
whole mucous lining is destroyed and the deeper muscular tissues of the
womb are invaded.
Gonorrheal Variety. Symptoms. There is general pain in the lower bowel
region, in spells at first, later constant, with rapid rise of temperature
and pulse. A purulent (pus) discharge appears early from the cervix,
usually about the second day, and difficult and burning passing of urine
are early symptoms. There is inflammation of the vagina accompanying it in
about fifteen per cent of the cases, while inflammation of the fallopian
tubes, pus in the tubes, and local peritonitis are common results.
MOTHER'S REMEDY. Inflammation of the Womb. 1. A Good Tonic for. "For
inflammation of the uterus or ovaries try a hot sitz bath every day for a
week, and then every other day. In case of hemorrhage this bath is
invaluable, and will relieve when all other means have failed. It can be
taken during the hemorrhage, or at frequent intervals between times.
Remember, one should always lie down after a sitz bath. If desired you may
give aconitum tincture. Dose:--Two drops in a half glass of water,
tablespoonful doses every ten to thirty minutes according to the severity
of the case." If a woman has taken a severe cold, then the aconite should
be given, but under no other condition.
PHYSICIANS' TREATMENT. Dr. Child advises that the cervix be
dilated, and the interior of the womb, cervical canal and vagina swabbed
out with a ten per cent silver nitrate solution. Subsequently vaginal
douches (1 to 5000) corrosive sublimate solution followed by a salt
solution, one dram of salt to a pint of water, should be given for at
least one week. Keep the bowels open. | <urn:uuid:ccb4ddf3-0216-46d7-9e46-bb0b27ad431b> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.homemedicine.ca/HomeRemedies/Inflammation-Of-The-Lining-Of-Th.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703524270.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121070324-20210121100324-00312.warc.gz | en | 0.886705 | 561 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Please start with “Part 1: Basic Bluetooth communications using App Inventor” to learn how to configure, set up and program an App Inventor app that communicates over Bluetooth between two Android devices. Then, read “How to connect App Inventor apps to Arduino using Bluetooth” before going through this tutorial!
- If you know nothing about Bluetooth start with: Part 1 and Part 2
- If you know about Bluetooth and App Inventor, then start with: “How to connect App Inventor apps to Arduino using Bluetooth“
Then continue with this tutorial.
This tutorial shows how an App Inventor app can communicate with 2 (or more) Arduino boards and Bluetooth devices simultaneously. These instructions assume you are familiar with the code and hardware presented in Part 1 and Part 2 and “How to connect App Inventor apps to Arduino using Bluetooth“. This tutorial uses the same Arduino source code as in that tutorial.
A follow up tutorial will show how to simplify some of this code for supporting multiple Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth is a short range, low power, limited speed wireless communications technology. The original Bluetooth technology provided a serial communications link between two paired devices (as compared to an individual data packet sent between up to n devices using the much newer Bluetooth LE – see here and here for information on Bluetooth LE).
Arduino is a microcontroller board for building hardware projects. You can write software for Arduino using a programming language similar to the C++ programming language.
The code used in these examples has been tested with some specific Bluetooth modules connected to Arduino. These include the JY-MCU (Amazon (Prime), Amazon (non-Prime) and also some HC-05 and HC-06 based Bluetooth modules.
- Read the prior tutorials (Part 1 and Part 2 and “How to connect App Inventor apps to Arduino using Bluetooth“)
- Build two Arduino boards each with an appropriate Bluetooth module as described in the prior tutorial.
- Compile and load the Arduino software in to each of the Arduino boards.
- Test and confirm that your basic LED lights flash for the original, single Bluetooth connection case.
- Then, with two working boards, continue to this tutorial.
User Interface View
The original app supported just one device, so there was just a single “Connect” and “Disconnect” button. This version demonstrates how to connect more than one Bluetooth device so we need separate buttons for each device. Similarly, we must add a second status and data sending item to the screen:
Before running this app, be sure to use Android | Settings | Bluetooth to “pair” your Bluetooth devices with Android.
Then, run the app and select Connect to Device 1. This displays a list of available Bluetooth devices in the vicinity. Select your specific Bluetooth device for the connection. Do this for both Bluetooth devices.
Once connected, you can send some simple commands to the Arduino board. Commands are very simple – a single number – to tell the Arduino to do something (this confirms that the Bluetooth link is working). If we enter a single digit 1 and then press Send Numeric 1, the Arduino board will send back 2 bytes of data which will then be displayed on the app screen. If we enter a single digit 4 and then press Send Numeric 1, a value of 4 is transmitted over Bluetooth to the Arduino board, which responds by flashing the externally connected LED.
Because the text box for data entry has its property set to NumbersOnly, a pop up numeric keypad displays when entering data, rather than the usual Android text keyboard.
Video Demonstration this App
I created a short video showing this app in operation. There are two versions of the video – one is standard 2D format and the other is in VR 3D format for viewing on Google Cardboard-like viewers used with smart phones to watch VR videos.
2D (normal) version: https://youtu.be/BU2gIAxbY_o
VR 3D SBS version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJIggzZgld4
That version is in 3D, for viewing with VR 3D viewers or 3D TVs or monitors. | <urn:uuid:cc18db08-3c01-43ac-ad27-2e72cc097a40> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://appinventor.pevest.com/tag/appinventor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573121.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917203354-20190917225354-00029.warc.gz | en | 0.85073 | 880 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Johnstone's art runs across the widest colouristic and emotional range, and he could manipulate red-brown tones with black to create strong and unsettling emotional effects. The fundamental tonal range of many works from the decade before Battle is a powerful red combined with black and sometimes white. Opinions will differ, but some writers, including the present one, consider the 1950s the finest period of Johnstone's career because in it he did not work exclusively in the impulsive, improvisatory manner that would dominate in the last decades of his life. During the 1950s he repeated and refined many themes based on geometric forms: pyramids and spheres, cubes, cones and cylinders, and created unusually harmonious compositions with them. His term Toronto Series refers to some of these compositions in which deep reds dominate. The term 'ox blood' comes to mind to describe some of his violent, impassioned reds used in that decade. Battle appears to have been painted shortly after that time, not long after his return to Scotland. The inscribed date of 1961 would have been added in the 1970s, most probably. There is, however, a family memory that this painting was in fact painted at Potburn, the second farm he owned after his retirement from the Central School of Arts and Crafts. This would suggest a slightly later date. The artist and his family lived in a small and cramped shepherd's cottage at Potburn, surrendering the farmhouse to the shepherd, his wife and many children. The family recalled that Johnstone could only work on this painting on mild days and in the open air. This is surprising given the painting's confronting, echoing and powerfully conflicting forms, which lead so naturally to its title. This is the last of Johnstone's epic canvases we are likely to see on the market for some time. | <urn:uuid:f8d4da57-2069-4110-bd4d-72a08e88ed29> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Paintings/william-johnstone-battle-5054921-details.aspx?intObjectID=5054921 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218188962.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212948-00109-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985331 | 369 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Paronychia = a bacterial infection/inflammation fingernail disorder at the cuticle or nail fold!
September 21, 2009
What is paronychia?
Paronychia concerns a bacterial infection of the skin (cuticle or lateral fingernail fold) surrounding the fingernail or toenail – often caused by an ingrown nail. Along with gradual thickening + browning discoloration of the nail plate, pus is usually present under the skin.
What causes paronychia?
Regarding the cause of paronychia, the two most common causes are:
• Pyogenic paronychia = inflammation of the folds of skin surrounding the nail caused by bacteria (NOTICE: acute paronychia is usually a pyogenic paronychia);
• Candidal paronychia = inflammation of the nail fold produced by Candida albicans (NOTICE: chronic paronychia is often a candidal paronychia);
• Runaround paronychia = inflammation around the entire nail.
What is the right treatment for paronychia?
In mild cases, an acute paronychia may disappear within a few days. A painful paronychia can be treated with self care at home (including: warm soaks, draining of pus). Severe cases of acute paronychia – should be treated with antibiotics (consultation with your doctor/general practitioner is then recommended).
MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE TREATMENT OF THIS FINGERNAIL DISORDER:
PHOTO – An example of a severce case of paronychia:
• The FINGERNAIL TUTOR: an online nail disorder identification tool!
• 4 Common nail diseases!
• Koilonychia – causes + treatment of the ‘spoon nail’
• Leukonychia – having ‘white spots’ on your fingernails (white nails) | <urn:uuid:22f61f18-af4e-40ee-b88f-34c3d75ce932> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | https://yourfingernails.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/paronychia-a-bacterial-infectioninflammation-fingernail-disorder-at-the-cuticle-or-nail-fold/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246640124.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045720-00306-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.814418 | 412 | 3.09375 | 3 |
When teaching history at Elm Academy we aim to develop pupils’ chronological knowledge and understanding, encourage historical enquiry, develop historical interpretation, look at continuity and change over time, explore similarities and differences, and look at cause and consequence. To enable our pupils to do this effectively we teach key historical periods in KS1 and then teach the KS2 curriculum in chronological order.
Elm’s History Timeline:
We aim to offer as many real life experiences as possible to support and enhance our history curriculum. This can include educational visits, artefacts and visitors.
As an Academy, we unpicked key historical concepts, along with key skills that the pupils need to understand to become confident historians and ensured they were carefully mapped out against our Medium Term Plans. | <urn:uuid:070ddaba-1907-42a2-b486-8e265fd2777e> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.elm-academy.org.uk/curriculum/history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585737.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023162040-20211023192040-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.951087 | 153 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Unsocialized Stray Cats, They are living outside in parks or in alleys, perhaps even in your neighborhood. They are cats who live outside without direct human contact. Some have been abandoned to fend for themselves; some of them were born outside.
The Freeborn County Humane Society believes we can improve the lives of these cats and benefit the towns and communities they exist in through our Unsocialized Stray Cat Initiative Program by using the TNR method.
What is TNR?
Trap, Neuter and Return (TNR) is widely recognized as an effective and humane way for managing and reducing unsocialized and stray cat populations. TNR involves humanely trapping these cats and transporting them to a clinic setting where they are spayed or neutered and have their ear-tipped. They may also receive a health check, vaccinations, and may be treated for minor medical conditions. After surgery, the cat is returned back to his colony and habitat – typically where caring individuals are providing food, water and a form of shelter. Since the cats are no longer reproducing, the colony will gradually diminish in size. By reducing or eliminating mating, fighting and wandering, TNR makes the colony more stable, impacts the influx of newcomers, and improves the health of the cats and their environment. Performed on a large scale, the successes of these programs can be felt at animal shelters and animal control facilities where fewer cats are admitted.
Ear-tipping is a technique of removing the top corner of the cat’s left ear. This is done while the cat is under anesthesia for its spay/neuter, so there is no pain. The “tipped” ear is the universal symbol that a cat has been through a spay/neuter program, vaccinated, and sterilized – and generally part of a managed unsocialized and stray cat colony. This makes it possible for caretakers to differentiate between cats that have already been sterilized and ones that have not been sterilized yet. Ear-tipping also ensures that a cat will not undergo unnecessary repeat surgery if they are live-trapped again.
This program WILL accept:
- Ferel cats / Neighborhood cats
- Barn cats
- Stray cats
The Goal of this program is to sterilize as many cats as possible, eventually reducing the number of cats that must live as unowned strays. Diverting resources from this goal will result in fewer cats spayed and neutered, and more kittens born into this difficult life. Since FeLV is primarily spread from infected mother cats to their kittens, FIV passes mainly among fighting tom cats through bite wounds, spaying and neutering alone will decrease the spread of these infections. Each female cat can have 3 litters per year, and the average litter size is 4 kittens.
Contact Information Please feel free to contact Dee Amberg, Unsocialized Stray Cat Initiative Program Director at 507.383.0683 or by email
There is a $20 per/cat fee charged (Vaccinations are included in this fee). Payment is required upon completion of service and can be left at the Blooming Prairie Vet Clinic, checks should be made out to U.S.C.I. program. We are willing to work out a payment plan if you have a large number of cats and find it hard to cover the costs upfront.
Unsocialized Stray Cat application (pdf) Mail to: HSFC Feral Cat Program, P.O. Box 423, Albert Lea, MN 56007. | <urn:uuid:16c6c295-58eb-4826-a7f7-49cbb5a25a14> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.hsffc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982967797.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200927-00085-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958153 | 725 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Earthquakes occur regularly in the Virgin Islands. The eastward shifting Caribbean plate grinds against the westward moving North American plate, just north of the Virgin Islands along the Puerto Rican Trench. Generally, the quakes are too small for people to notice, and they do not cause tsunamis.
On rare occasions, earthquakes of serious magnitude do occur, and the sea moves with them.
Links and Sources
Recent Earthquake Activity near the Virgin Islands shows information about seismic activity in the area within the past week.
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Earthquake Information provides technical and historic data for the area and links to up to the hour seismic information. | <urn:uuid:8ff9a432-36ab-463b-84a1-7d9924198d99> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.nps.gov/viis/learn/nature/earthquakes-and-tsunamis.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246657041.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045737-00171-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897276 | 144 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Yogurt is made from fermented milk. Currently, there are 2 types of bacteria that are commonly used to create this chemical reaction: lactobacillus bulgacircus and Streptococcus thermophiles. This fresh and delicious milk derivative has been around for so long, it’s actually hard to trace it back to who exactly discovered it, or how. It can be traced as far back as Neolithic times. Undoubtedly it was discovered by accident (like raised bread or beer) by those who domesticated the first livestock animal species, and of course, in Central Asia, the cradle of some of the oldest civilizations. Our modern or industrialized version of yogurt didn’t appear, however, until 1919, in Barcelona, under the famous Dannon brand. This brand popularized yogurt and standardized the hygiene process and bacteria selection for its production. The texture and flavor that we know today is probably very different from the yogurt consumed by the Babylons and Egyptians thousands of years ago. It’s good to know, however, that this product, that brings me so much happiness, also once brought happiness to one of Genghis Kan’s soldiers. Neither distance, nor time has stopped man from appreciating yogurt.
And if that weren’t enough, yogurt is a rich source of protein, vitamin D, vitamin B6 and B12, Riboflavin, and calcium, just like milk. They also help keep our stomachs healthy though, since it is a rich underlying layer of beneficial bacteria. This same yogurt also provides helpful bacteria to our digestive tract, which sometimes produces the enzyme lactase, which helps us digest lactose. This is important for anyone who it intolerant to this sugar. You can eat plain or flavored yogurt, as well as any of the 3 recipes we’ve provided to you here:
- 5 Tbsp. plain yogurt
- 100 grams cubed turkey ham
- 1 tsp. apple cider vinegar
- 1 tsp. honey
- ¼ tsp. ginger
- 2 Tbsp. pear, finely diced
- 3 Tbsp. cucumber, diced
- 2 Tbsp. almonds
- 2 Tbsp. dehydrated blackberries
- 1 head of lettuce, your choice
- Mix yogurt, honey, ginger, and vinegar in a bowl. Use a spoon or spatula to blend all ingredients.
- Add ham, pear, cucumber, almonds, and blackberries, to yogurt mixture.
- To serve, make a bed of lettuce, and scoop yogurt mixture onto it.
Chicken Breasts with Yogurt Sauce
- ½ liter of plain, Greek yogurt
- 4 chicken breasts, deboned
- ¼ c. parmesan cheese
- ¼ c. green onions
- 1 c. cucumber, diced
- ½ tsp. fresh rosemary
- 1 tsp. pepper
- 1 tsp. mint
- ¼ tsp. salt
- In a bowl, combine yogurt, green onions, parmesan cheese, mint, rosemary, pepper, and salt.
- Set half of mixture aside. Mix the remaining half with the cucumber.
- Season chicken breasts and grill, uncovered, on medium heat for 15 minutes, or until meat is no longer pink. It is very important to cook chicken well.
- Flip chicken half way through cooking and glaze with yogurt sauce (without cucumber).
- Serve chicken breasts, glazing with remaining yogurt sauce (with cucumber). You can prepare a salad or steamed vegetables as a side.
- If you don’t have a grill, bake chicken in the oven at 180 degrees C. Use a fork to check that chicken is well cooked, and follow the same glazing process after chicken is half way cooked.
Bread with yogurt
- ¾ c. plain Greek yogurt
- 1 ½ c. flour
- 2 tsp. baking powder
- 1 tsp. salt
- 1 c. sugar
- 3 eggs
- 1 Tbsp. vanilla extract
- 1 Tbsp. lemon juice
- ½ c. raisins
- ½ c. vegetable oil
- Mix flour, baking powder, and salt in a medium sized bowl.
- Moisten sugar with lemon juice. Use your finger to squeeze out the last of the lemon juice.
- Add sugar to a blender, along with yogurt, vegetable oil, eggs, and vanilla. Blend. Add remaining dry ingredients, plus the raisins. Mix until forming a well-blended dough.
- Place dough in greased baking pan and bake at 180 degrees C for 50 minutes, or until golden brown. You can use a toothpick or a knife to check if it is done baking.
About the author | <urn:uuid:dbd66a02-2aee-492a-8cec-7c15012b3440> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://en.biomanantial.com/3-different-ways-to-cook-with-yogurt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662647086.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220527112418-20220527142418-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.908991 | 1,009 | 2.625 | 3 |
February 9, 2017
It was first called “One Belt One Road” and is now known as the “Belt and Road Initiative”: Xi Jinping’s grand scheme of transport infrastructure connecting China to Eurasia, Europe and Africa. It’s a plan to reach and develop markets well beyond China’s borders but also a scheme to extend China’s strategic influence, says FT journalist and author James Kynge. For many years he was the FT’s bureau chief in Beijing; he is now based in London and was speaking at a MERICS China Lounge moderated by Claudia Wessling (Director of Communications, MERICS) on February 9. The BRI is the focus of much of his recent work that involved research in several countries in Asia that hope to benefit from the Chinese scheme.
The sums involved are huge: China wants to some invest 900bn USD for BRI projects – including roads, railroads, pipelines, ports, airports, power stations, industrial plants and entire cities. The “Silk Road Economic Belt” would run through Central Asia, and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” would connect Chinese ports with those in South Asia, Africa and Europe.
China’s president Xi Jinping first mentioned his idea in 2013; China has now enlisted up to 65 countries. However, there is no official list and no official budget, said Kynge. The actual scope is “intentionally vague, because it is a grand design that can be shaped according to reality and to the wishes of leaders in Beijing.” China’s ambitious undertaking is aimed at boosting investment and commerce and creating new markets for Chinese products. All major Chinese companies involved in BRI projects are state-owned. “This is a very state-driven operation”, said Kynge, adding that is was directed from the very top of the Chinese leadership and “aimed at reinvigorating the state-owned industrial base”.
“China is in the game of changing destinies”
China’s attempt to develop the countries along the trade routes between China and Europe is not only unprecedented in scope and reach, it is also very different from other development agendas such as the World Bank’s and other development agencies’, said Kynge, the main difference being that BRI goes beyond a project-based approach. “China,” Kynge argued, “is in the game of changing destinies.” It offers to develop these countries by building infrastructure and create “a common prosperity sphere” that will benefit both China and the countries involved.
The strategic element in OBOR: increasing political and military influence
However the strategic aspects should not be underestimated. Kynge used the example of Pakistan to illustrate that BRI is not only a commercial project. While China wants to build infrastructure worth 54bn USD along the “Pakistan Economic Corridor” to develop a very volatile region, there is also a strategic element “in the sense of increasing political influence, but also in the sense of increasing military influence,” said Kynge.
Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea coast is a case in point. It was financed and built by Chinese companies. In 2015, Pakistan handed it over to China on a lease until 2059 who initially insisted it was still a purely commercial operation. Recently however, it has become clear that Pakistan will allow the Chinese navy to use the port. Kynge: “BRI is also part of China's effort to bind countries in the region closer to itself and to use those closer alliances to protect its strategic and military interests.”
Beijing’s offer: globalization without liberalism
What’s on offer is not just Chinese investments but development and globalization with distinct Chinese characteristics. Kynge, who also travelled to Cambodia to investigate how Beijing’s development strategy affects countries in the region, found that China’s influence is very visible. Cambodia’s endorsement of China’s development vision and the fact that China has replaced the “West” which is now spoken of pejoratively in Cambodia illustrates that “China’s proposal for a globalized but illiberal order and an order not based on the rule of law is potent and is real, and we should take it seriously.”
China is presenting itself as the country that can “get things done” without any strings attached to its projects regarding transparency and governance. However, China expects something in return. This became obvious last summer when Cambodia blocked an ASEAN statement critical of China after a decision by an international tribunal in The Hague dismissed Beijing’s territorial claims in the South China Sea. “China expected its payback politically”, Kynge told the audience.
Bilateral vs. multilateral lending
While it is not always easy to tell whether a BRI project is commercial or political, Kynge stressed that the way projects are financed makes a difference. So far, China has financed projects through the Chinese Development Bank and the Import Export Bank. Results are mixed: Not all projects are economically viable, some have been outright failures, like a railway line in Venezuela that was unrelated to BRI but cost China millions of misallocated funds. More recently however, Beijing has become more stringent and started to embrace multilateral banks like the newly created Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB) and other international institutions that is more transparent, project-based and open.
Asked whether the EU has the right answers in place to deal with China’s BRI vision, Kynge pointed to the rule of law, due process, due diligence, and transparency – i.e. letting the public participate in debates on whether certain infrastructure projects make sense: “As long as we stick to our knitting, we would be well served.” | <urn:uuid:26cddd6d-6254-4ab1-83a4-631f59dbea3f> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.merics.org/de/node/1506 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202326.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320105319-20190320131319-00460.warc.gz | en | 0.963794 | 1,228 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Fruit Fly Facts
Fruit flies are small, red-eyed, 1/4 inch long flies commonly associated with overripe and fermenting fruits and vegetables. However, fruit need not be present to have fruit flies, as they can originate from other sources. They are the number 1 pest fly in bars and restaurants.
Fruit flies can reproduce anywhere there is fermenting organic matter that stays consistently wet or moist. Like other flies, the fruit flies develop from larvae, and fruit fly larvae must have moist, fermenting organic matter in order to survive. The most likely of such sites in the home is a slow-moving or seldom-used sink, bathtub, shower, or floor drain in which a layer of slime (organic film) has built up above the water line. In restaurants and bars, other moist accumulations of fermenting organic matter are possible and should be considered. These include wet areas under dripping pipes and refrigeration equipment, garbage containers, and discarded bottles and cans. Regardless of where the flies originate, they will be seen at windows and at sinks, as they are attracted to light and to moisture.
Fruit Fly Life Cycle
Female fruit flies lay their eggs on the surface of rotting fruit. These eggs hatch into larvae, which molt twice before becoming full grown. Fruit fly larvae feed on the yeast organisms and fungi growing in the fruit and vegetable materials, and through their feeding efforts, they soon turn their food into a semi-liquid mess. When the full grown larvae are ready to pupate, they leave the rotten fruit for drier areas, usually to the sides of the garbage can. The time required to complete one life cycle is mainly dependent on the temperature of the growth medium and surrounding air; at 64 degrees Fahrenheit, it takes 18-20 days for growth from the egg stage to adult, while at 77 degrees Fahrenheit, only 8-10 days are required to complete the stages of development.
Getting Rid of Fruit Flies
Fruit Flies are best controlled by locating and eliminating the source of the infestation. Sprays, fog and traps will capture and kill the adult flies, but control of the larvae and elimination of the breeding area will be the only way to stop them. Persistent presence of adult Fruit Flies indicates the larvae are developing nearby. This is always in the area of decaying or rotting organic matter, especially fruits and vegetables – hence the name fruit fly.
Fruit Fly breeding areas are occasionally difficult to locate. Trash cans, areas under and around equipment, tables, etc in kitchens, bars and food areas are the #1 area where Fruit Flies hide and lay eggs. Plants, floor drains, etc in other areas of homes or buildings are also prime areas but of less importance. The important thing to remember is that there IS a source of Fruit Fly infestation somewhere. The Fruit Flies are breeding somewhere close by, and that is where the effort needs to be concentrated.
Best Products For Fruit Fly Control
Insecticide fogs such as Pyrethrum Aerosol can be sprayed into the air to kill adult winged Fruit Flies. A simple 3 second spray into the air with the products will kill most Fruit Flies within the area. These products can also be sprayed under and behind equipment and in hidden areas, cracks, and crevices. A foam injection Aerosol will provide a much needed Growth Regulator application to cracks, crevices and drains that will kill Fruit Fly eggs and stop the immature larvae from becoming adults.
Insecticides sprayed with a hand held pump sprayer under and behind tables, equipment and “over the top” of organic matter such as beer, food, trash etc, will provide control, however, cleaning these areas first and then spraying is recommended.
Fruit Fly Traps provide control by capturing the flying adult fruit flies. Don’t be mislead into thinking that these traps will control the population. Fruit Fly traps only trap the adults, they do nothing for the eggs or immature larvae. For control of eggs and immature larvae, you first have to find the area, and then use an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR). For long term control of fruit flies consider using a glass fruit fly trap that can be dumped and refilled on a regular basis.
Floor Drains can also provide a source for Fruit Flies. One way to check individual drains is to cover the drain with a plastic film such as “Saran Wrap” taped to the floor or fixture. If the flies are breeding in that drain, the adults will accumulate underneath the film within a day or two.
The most important thing to remember in Fruit Fly Control is that the flies are there because there is an attraction and a source for them to breed. Once the breeding areas are reduced or eliminated, trapping or killing the adults becomes very easy.
Simple Fruit fly control
Put apple cider vinegar in a small jar of bowl and add a few drops of dishwashing liquid. Cover the vessel with plastic wrap (fastened with a rubber band for extra security) and poke three or four holes in the plastic. The fruit flies will not only be trapped, but they will also be destined to drown. The soap in the dishwashing liquid alters the surface tension of the vinegar so that instead of landing on the surface, the flies fall in.
Make a fruit fly trap. Get a jar and make a funnel. (can be paper or plastic) Cut your funnel so that when inverted into the jar, the end is about an inch from the bottom of the jar. Mix 1/4 cup apple vinegar, 1 table spoon sugar and add a few small pieces of apple or banana. Mix and pour in jar. Add water (if needed) until mixture is 1/2 1nch from the bottom of funnel. Leave jar set out. Flies will get in but can’t get out. Take outside, remove funnel, flies fly away. Reinstall funnel, set out, trap flies, repeat. | <urn:uuid:65049013-8ad4-4719-9e5b-7c7e4c919f11> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://pestcontrolcanada.com/flies/fruit-fly-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314752.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190819134354-20190819160354-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.939753 | 1,222 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The question of “is it safe to eat tuna everyday” is one that has been on our minds before, because there is no post-workout protein meal that is as convenient as tuna in a can. However, as many of us know, there can be relatively high levels of mercury in tuna and salmon.
So when do the negative risks of mercury contamination outweigh the benefits of a healthy and high protein meal like tuna? This is a very good question that we haven’t heard being answered clearly until we read this very enlightening article below:
Tuna is one of the most convenient protein sources that exists, so it can easily become a guy’s go-to lunch. But is it safe to eat it every day?
The short answer: Probably. But if you’re wrong, you could end up with mercury poisoning, which can cause weird symptoms like tingling sensations and loss of balance, says Michael Gochfeld, M.D., Ph.D., a researcher with the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute.
“It would likely be safe for many men to eat tuna every day, while some men could experience symptoms of mercury toxicity from eating the same amount,” says Food and Drug Administration spokeswoman Lauren Sucher.
Here’s why it’s so complicated: You have to balance the benefits of eating fish with the risk from mercury, while taking into account a person’s weight, their sensitivity to mercury, the type of tuna, and how much risk you’re willing to take, says Dr. Gochfeld.
Nearly all seafood contains traces of mercury, according to the FDA. So the question is: At what level does mercury become poisonous?
That’s where it gets even more confusing. No one knows exactly where mercury goes from being harmless to toxic, because you’d have to poison people to find out, says Men’s Health nutrition advisor Alan Aragon, M.S.
Most experts can agree on at least two facts, though.
#1: Fish is good for you. Research has shown that it may lower your risk of heart disease, stroke, obesity, cognitive decline, depression, cancer, inflammatory disorders, and asthma, says Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., Dr.P.H., dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. Restricting your fish intake could make you miss out on all those benefits.
#2: The risks from mercury have been overhyped. Mercury can harm the developing nervous systems of fetuses and young children, according to the FDA. But when the agency warned pregnant women to limit consumption of high-mercury fish in 2004, it set off unnecessary panic for everyone else, Dr. Mozaffarian says.
Our advice: Almost all guys will be perfectly fine eating a can of light tuna four times a week. If you want to eat more tuna, or different types of tuna, you can calculate your weekly limit by following the instructions below. And if you do experience symptoms of mercury poisoning, you can usually reverse them by eating less fish or eating only low-mercury fish, says Dr. Gochfeld.
Read the full article here and instructions on calculating mercury limits in your diet | <urn:uuid:ce208fb1-a8fb-42d8-a074-08886be0e636> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://spartanstacked.com/is-it-safe-to-eat-tuna-everyday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575751.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922221623-20190923003623-00338.warc.gz | en | 0.952753 | 679 | 2.78125 | 3 |
TASK 1: Finding the data from databanks:
Download/produce an Excel spreadsheet including the data for your selection of 2 countries. Data that are required in your spreadsheet are as follows:
➢ Gross Domestic Product (Nominal GDP)
➢ Inflation rate
➢ Unemployment rate
➢ Interest rate
➢ Money Supply
➢ Covid-19 data (monthly/Case data)
Ex: First six columns of your Excel worksheet must contain the variables that you download:
Year/Month GDP Inflation Unemployment Interest Rate Money Supply Covid-19
(You are free to select any 2 countries but comparable countries are recommended).
· Put the years in Column A and your countries’ data through the other columns seen above.
· The year data series are from 2000 to present.
· Covid-19 data will be since December 2019, will be monthly.
· Name your file as Term Project_Name and Surname_ Data.xlsx
· Use the data sources that we discussed in the lecture: For this project, you need to use the data sources like: TURKSTAT, World Bank, OECD, IMF, Penn World Table, and etc.
TASK 2: Develop your research (2 or more pages):
➢ An introduction in which you are expected to explain: what type of data that you are studying with (quantitative, qualitative, time-series, panel or cross sectional, etc.). A brief statement about the selected countries: their location, geographic size, population, anything you think that might be useful to mention, as it will improve the quality of your research.
➢ A paragraph describing the data. Produce a summary statistics, explain how the data change (over what intervals is the GDP (or other data) increasing, decreasing or constant) and variate, what are the trends, comment on the descriptive statistics.
➢ Create charts (Scatter plot, line, bar, combo, etc.) for all variables (GDP, Inflation, Unemployment, Interest Rate, Money Supply and Covid-19) individually and for both countries. Make sure to have time on the vertical axis and your data on the horizontal axis. Format the chart by doing the followings:
· Give a title to your chart.
· Format the scale on the vertical axis to include dollar signs and 1000’s place commas.
Example: Label the horizontal axis appropriately, including units, and display the units on the GDP somewhere on the chart. (Tip: Look for “Number” in the vertical axis’ dialog box.)
➢ Compare the countries. Use proper charts to compare both countries, comment on these charts: which country surpasses the other one on which variable, etc. Remember, once you produce the charts in Excel, you can copy and paste it directly into a word file. Within the word file, you can change the formatting (colors, fonts, labels, line thickness and etc. if needed.)
➢ Show the current trend. Create a chart showing only the current trend, along with your model, labeling axes and providing a title.
TASK 3: Relationships (1 or 3 pages long):
1. What is the relationship between;
· GDP – Unemployment.
· GDP – Money Supply,
· GDP – Interest rate,
· GDP – Inflation rate
· GDP – Money supply
· GDP – Covid-19
· Covid-19 – Interest rate
Ø Use graphs and correlation analysis to show these relationships: comment on these relationships, think about whether there are structural breaks (i.e., sudden immense changes) or crisis during your observation interval and if so, how these may affect the stated relationships.
TASK 4. Findings in relation to Covid-19 (1 or 3 pages long):
Write a summary based on your general findings so far in relation to Covid-19 considering the aspects below.
Ø Think about the macroeconomic indicators of two countries since December 2019. How does Covid-19 affect the countries? (Think about the country risk)
· Exchange Rate
· Inflation Rate
· Interest Rate
· Unemployment and Employment Rates
· Health System: Health Expenditure, Health Packages
Ø Why is the financial sector so important for an economy in terms of a macro perspective? How is the financial system affected by Covid-19?
Ø How is the education affected by Covid-19?
Write the references you used including data sources, news sources, academic papers, etc., with APA citation style | <urn:uuid:486c59c9-95f7-4fd9-89bb-58938ca0ccd2> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://homeworkblock.com/research-methods-and-statistics-i-term-project-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585507.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022114748-20211022144748-00344.warc.gz | en | 0.87941 | 972 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Remembering Madiba on his birth anniversary
Nelson Mandela International Day was launched in recognition of Nelson Mandela’s birthday on 18 July, 2009 via unanimous decision of the UN General Assembly.
It was inspired by a call Nelson Mandela made a year earlier, for the next generation to take on the burden of leadership in addressing the world’s social injustices when he said that “it is in your hands now”.
It is more than a celebration of Madiba’s life and legacy. It is a global movement to honour his life’s work and act to change the world for the better. | <urn:uuid:2b56ee06-bc28-419e-8630-35b4ae5e219b> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.dzynestudio.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463420.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00000-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953937 | 129 | 2.75 | 3 |
Stacey Barney, senior editor at Penguin/Putnam for Young Readers gives advice on dialogue:
• #1 rule of dialogue: Ordinary must be extraordinary.
• Characterization must come through. Must stay true to the character.
• Dialogue is not pushing the plot, it's enhancing it by drawing out and heightening characterization.
• The only true goal of a good character work is to develop characterization.
• If you take out the dialogue and the story doesn't make sense, then you need to rethink your dialogue.
• Accents--suggest the accent, don't overdo it. Use it sparingly. Stay true to the language used in a certain region. For example; ya'll and dropping g's on the end of a word so the reader doesn't get frustrated.
• Dialogue tags: Don't overdo 'he said', 'she said'. Make sure the setting is clear at the beginning of the scene as a point of reference so the reader knows where the character is. You don't want to rely to heavily on dialogue tags.
Each bit of dialogue should have a purpose. | <urn:uuid:beed06f1-b2fb-47df-a47c-ce3a1e6b903c> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://scbwimidsouth2014.blogspot.com/2014/09/0-0-1-147-839-home-6-1-985-14.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804976.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118151819-20171118171819-00599.warc.gz | en | 0.919373 | 228 | 3.25 | 3 |
Through the past year I’ve seen so many references to the “democratization” of the arts by aid of technology and social media, that eventually I had to set my mind to look into these declarations.
Paraphrasing on the definition of Democracy on Wikipedia:
Via technology and social media, the governing structures of the arts have moved to a form in which all eligible participants have an equal say in the decisions that affect the artistic expressions in their lives. Technology and social media allow them to participate equally – either directly or through elected representatives – in the proposal, development, and creation of artistic formats and content. This encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of artistic self-expression.
How do you define ‘eligible participants’ in relation to using technology and social media in the arts? part of the definition will have to be – have electricity. Well, 20% of the world’s population doesn’t. Another part will have to be – own some sort of a personal computing device and have internet access. Track data about the digital divide and you’ll realize the number of ‘eligible participants’ narrows down. Not so democratic… anyway, I won’t be too tough on definitions.
I know what people mean because I read it everywhere. Taking an example from storytelling, people declare that finally the authority has been taken from the hands of literary dictators and put into the hands of everyone to express themselves. With the aid of a mobile app you can now ‘create’ a story in minutes and share it with the world; in a couple of months you can turn into a ravishing transmaedia storytelling artist and work your way into lucrative productions; you can pay for a technology that will multiply your ‘storytelling’ power enabling your content to pierce the sky of the internet. Cool.
But all the above have nothing to do with storytelling or with any other art. It’s just taking a piece, a feature, a symptom and calling it the entire thing. It’s taking the idea of disruptive innovation and twisting it completely.
According to Prof. Clayton Christensen, disruptive innovation “transforms a product that historically was so expensive and complicated that only a few people with a lot of money and a lot of skill had access to it, a disruptive innovation makes it so much more affordable and accessible that a much larger population have access to it.”
Well, seems to me that historically, the arts were much more accessible before priorities changed in favor of science and technology. Governments need to return into the systems all the budgets that enabled education in the arts with the tools, skills, core definitions and processes of the arts.
How is that for disruptive innovation? | <urn:uuid:3e5d5a3b-6f00-4a7e-abc1-d4c9deff9b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | http://www.limorshiponi.com/2013/05/01/disruptive-innovation-in-the-arts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710898.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20221202050510-20221202080510-00483.warc.gz | en | 0.950994 | 571 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sign Language Interpreted Performance
What is a signed performance?
Signed performances are aimed at people who are Deaf or Hearing Impaired.
Trained describers, usually standing to one side of the stage or in a Box, interpret the script and language used by the performers at the same time it is being performed.
Performances are described often using British Sigh Language.
Specific seats are allocated in the theatre (mostly within the first eight rows) so that the theatre-goer can read the signers interpretation clearly. | <urn:uuid:8174cc73-ce2a-4d8e-b856-f5f45b14ed5a> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.seetickets.com/CONTENT/SEE-ACCESS-SIGNED | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657129409.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011209-00184-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946427 | 111 | 3.078125 | 3 |
People who choose new types of transport, like e-scooters, electric unicycles or Segways, to get around will benefit from proposed amendments to the Motor Vehicle Act, introduced on Monday, Oct. 7, 2019.
If passed, the amendments will establish a regulatory framework to allow the use of increasingly diverse modes of personal transportation. These changes clarify how emerging devices are to be used and will ensure the safety of everyone who uses roads and sidewalks. The amendments also allow pilot projects to be established, giving government the chance to partner with communities in researching and testing how new mobility technologies fit in.
Currently, a device that does not fall under the act’s definition of a motor vehicle, cycle or pedestrian is not permitted to operate on highways or sidewalks. However, some new devices struggle to fit into any category and become “unauthorized vehicles.” These amendments will give government the ability to address this.
“We know people are changing the way they travel, and it’s important that our regulations match these changes,” said Claire Trevena, Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure. “There are lots of new ways to travel and we need to make sure our laws reflect the needs of our communities today.”
The proposed amendments ensure the definition of road user includes emerging active transportation modes, as part of the Active Transportation Strategy, Move.Commute.Connect. The strategy is part of the provincial government’s CleanBC plan, which was developed in collaboration with the BC Green Party caucus and supports the commitment in the Confidence and Supply Agreement to implement climate action to meet B.C.’s emission targets.
Establishing the authority to conduct pilot projects under the act provides an opportunity for government and local communities to effectively address changing public mobility needs and expectations.
For more information about the Province’s overarching Active Transportation Strategy, visit: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/driving-and-transportation/funding-engagement-permits/grants-funding/cycling-infrastructure-funding/activetransportationstrategy_report_web.pdf | <urn:uuid:d01b8249-41ac-4a27-a275-097e898bf20e> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2019TRAN0176-001934 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154420.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803030201-20210803060201-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.926822 | 442 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The so-called “court Jews” emerged in Central Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as rulers throughout that region sought to centralize the administration of their territories and to create lavish courts. Jews, with their ties to coreligionists in eastern Europe, the Ottoman Empire, and elsewhere, were well-positioned to provision armies with grain, cloth, horses, and cattle, to supply metal to the mints, to provide courts with luxury items, and to extend credit to rulers. During the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the activity of such Jews became conspicuous; and in the wake of that war, court Jews increasingly became an indispensable part of the mechanisms of government throughout Central Europe.
The court Jews also played an important role in Jewish life. Through strategic marriages, they created a network of interdependent families with representatives situated throughout Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands. As absolutist rulers sought greater control over Jewish communal governance, court Jews, who dominated communal affairs, were faced with the task of balancing the interests of the community with those of their masters. Frequently they became, in effect, agents of the state, imposing the will of the ruler in the supervision of communal life.
One of the reasons why Jews came to exercise such crucial roles in the financial and commercial structures of early modern states is that they were willing to take risks a Christian merchant would not, because, unlike the Christian merchant, they might be rewarded by the ruler for good service with the removal of discriminatory restrictions. By accepting the management of a failing textile factory and putting it on its feet, for example, a Jew might gain settlement rights for his children, or freedom from special taxation. In this way, court Jews achieved a kind of personal emancipation long before Jews as a group were relieved of special burdens and restrictions. To some extent, this produced increasing alienation between court Jews in urban centers and the many Jews in more rural areas who made a living from petty trade. A cultural divide also developed as court Jews cultivated European tastes in dress and speech, and became consumers of European luxury items. It was no accident that court Jews offered crucial financial support to the reform program of the Berlin maskilim in the 1780s, with particular interest in its aim of “productivizing” and Europeanizing their coreligionists.
Alongside the greatest of the court Jews – the Gomperz, Ephraim, and Itzig families in Prussia, Leffman Behrens in Hanover, Samuel Oppenheimer and Samson Wertheimer in Vienna – were the many lesser court Jews who served rulers in the small German states. Particularly in Denmark, Sweden, Hamburg, and the Netherlands, Sephardi Jews like Manuel Texeira and Jorge Nunes da Costa performed some functions typical of court Jews.
By the eighteenth century, however, the financial activities of governments were increasingly being handled by a more sophisticated state apparatus. Moreover, the processes of emancipation and democratization, though uneven in Central Europe, made the “court Jew” obsolete, both as the dominant player in Jewish life and as a pliable instrument of princely will.
Cesarani, David. “The Forgotten Port Jews of London: Court Jews Who Were Also Port Jews.” Jewish Culture and History 4, no. 2 (2001): 111-124.
Eidelberg, Shlomo. “Abraham Aaron, a Court-Jew of the Seventeenth Century.” Michael: On the History of the Jews in the Diaspora 2 (1973): 9-15.
Graetz, Michael. “Court Jews in Economics and Politics,” in From Court Jews to the Rothschilds (1996), 27-43.
Graetz, Michael, and Herbert A. Strauss. “From Corporate Community to Ethnic-Religious Minority, 1750-1830.” Leo Baeck Institute. Year Book 37 (1992): 71-82.
Images from JTS:
Portrait of Jud Süss
Portrait of Jud Süss
Date and place unknown, probably Germany, ca. 1738
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What Is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected people throughout history.
People with the disorder may hear voices other people don’t hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. This can terrify people with the illness and make them withdrawn or extremely agitated.
People with schizophrenia may not make sense when they talk. They may sit for hours without moving or talking. Sometimes people with schizophrenia seem perfectly fine until they talk about what they are really thinking.
Families and society are affected by schizophrenia too. Many people with schizophrenia have difficulty holding a job or caring for themselves, so they rely on others for help.
Treatment helps relieve many symptoms of schizophrenia, but most people who have the disorder cope with symptoms throughout their lives. However, many people with schizophrenia can lead rewarding and meaningful lives in their communities. Researchers are developing more effective medications and using new research tools to understand the causes of schizophrenia. In the years to come, this work may help prevent and better treat the illness.
Signs & Symptoms
The symptoms of schizophrenia fall into three broad categories: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms.
Positive symptoms are psychotic behaviors not seen in healthy people. People with positive symptoms often “lose touch” with reality. These symptoms can come and go. Sometimes they are severe and at other times hardly noticeable, depending on whether the individual is receiving treatment. They include the following:
Hallucinations are things a person sees, hears, smells, or feels that no one else can see, hear, smell, or feel. “Voices” are the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia. Many people with the disorder hear voices. The voices may talk to the person about his or her behavior, order the person to do things, or warn the person of danger. Sometimes the voices talk to each other. People with schizophrenia may hear voices for a long time before family and friends notice the problem.
Other types of hallucinations include seeing people or objects that are not there, smelling odors that no one else detects, and feeling things like invisible fingers touching their bodies when no one is near.
Delusions are false beliefs that are not part of the person’s culture and do not change. The person believes delusions even after other people prove that the beliefs are not true or logical. People with schizophrenia can have delusions that seem bizarre, such as believing that neighbors can control their behavior with magnetic waves. They may also believe that people on television are directing special messages to them, or that radio stations are broadcasting their thoughts aloud to others. Sometimes they believe they are someone else, such as a famous historical figure. They may have paranoid delusions and believe that others are trying to harm them, such as by cheating, harassing, poisoning, spying on, or plotting against them or the people they care about. These beliefs are called “delusions of persecution.”
Thought disorders are unusual or dysfunctional ways of thinking. One form of thought disorder is called “disorganized thinking.” This is when a person has trouble organizing his or her thoughts or connecting them logically. They may talk in a garbled way that is hard to understand. Another form is called “thought blocking.” This is when a person stops speaking abruptly in the middle of a thought. When asked why he or she stopped talking, the person may say that it felt as if the thought had been taken out of his or her head. Finally, a person with a thought disorder might make up meaningless words, or “neologisms.”
Movement disorders may appear as agitated body movements. A person with a movement disorder may repeat certain motions over and over. In the other extreme, a person may become catatonic. Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. Catatonia is rare today, but it was more common when treatment for schizophrenia was not available.
Negative symptoms are associated with disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors. These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for depression or other conditions. These symptoms include the following:
- “Flat affect” (a person’s face does not move or he or she talks in a dull or monotonous voice)
- Lack of pleasure in everyday life
- Lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities
- Speaking little, even when forced to interact.
People with negative symptoms need help with everyday tasks. They often neglect basic personal hygiene. This may make them seem lazy or unwilling to help themselves, but the problems are symptoms caused by the schizophrenia.
Cognitive symptoms are subtle. Like negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms may be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder. Often, they are detected only when other tests are performed. Cognitive symptoms include the following:
- Poor “executive functioning” (the ability to understand information and use it to make decisions)
- Trouble focusing or paying attention
- Problems with “working memory” (the ability to use information immediately after learning it).
Cognitive symptoms often make it hard to lead a normal life and earn a living. They can cause great emotional distress.
Please contact us to book an appointment. | <urn:uuid:c3c981e5-9073-45df-a8a9-c04850f4abfc> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://stresscentre.co.za/schizophrenia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743110.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116173611-20181116195611-00334.warc.gz | en | 0.968988 | 1,102 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Symptoms of avian influenza are similar to the symptoms of the regular flu, and include fever, headaches, body aches, fatigue, sore throat, cough, congestion, and difficulty breathing. Avian flu symptoms may also include diarrhea, which is a less common symptom of the regular flu. Symptoms of avian influenza may vary depending on which type of avian flu it is (there are several different types). Symptoms may be more severe with avian flu than with the regular flu.
Because avian flu symptoms are similar to the symptoms of the regular flu, your doctor may not realize that's what you have. If you think you have been exposed to avian flu, be sure to let your doctor know. Your doctor can do tests to determine if your virus really is avian flu or not.
Avian flu is a flu virus that birds get. Humans can get it from the birds. Humans can also get it from other infected humans. Farmers and others who work with poultry are at risk, but you're not likely to catch avian flu from the birds at your backyard birdfeeder.
There is a vaccine against avian flu, but it's not recommended that the general population take this vaccine. Their risk of exposure is just not that great. If you work with poultry or are concerned that you are at risk for avian flu for some reason, talk to your doctor about whether or not you should be vaccinated. The regular flu vaccine that many people get each fall will not prevent avian flu. Neither will the new swine flu vaccine that is coming out in the fall of 2009.
If you know someone who has avian flu (or symptoms of avian influenza), you should definitely keep your distance from them, as it is very contagious. In fact, it is often recommended that people with avian flu be kept in isolation to prevent spreading it to others. If someone in your household comes down with avian flu, you might be prescribed a medication called oseltamivir (Tamiflu) to prevent you from getting it.
Symptoms of avian influenza are often treated with over-the-counter remedies. For instance, Tylenol can be used to bring down fever and relieve headaches. Decongestants can be used to relieve congestion and make breathing easier. Cough suppressants can be used as necessary. While these things will relieve avian flu symptoms, they are not a cure for the flu.
Prescription antiviral medications are often used to treat avian flu. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) can be used to shorten the duration of the flu, but they need to be started within 48 hours of the first symptoms of avian influenza in order to be effective. Some other antiviral medications, such as amantadine and rimantadine, don't appear to be effective in treating avian flu. The virus is believed to be resistant to these drugs.
Antibiotics are not useful in treating avian flu because the flu is caused by a virus, not bacteria.
Difficulty breathing can result from avian flu and some people with avian flu may need to be on a respirator (a breathing machine) for a time. Certainly not all people with avian flu develop this complication, but it is a possibility.
If you think you have avian flu symptoms, you should see your doctor. Let your doctor know when you call to make the appointment that you think you might have avian flu, so the doctor and his or her staff can take steps to protect themselves and other patients.
More than the symptoms of avian influenza on
our main swine influenza page
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The twin monuments in Ponder Cemetery are almost startling to come across when you’re driving along Fairplay Rd. in Morgan County, Georgia. From a distance they look like they don’t belong: tall gothic spires jutting out of rolling fields and farmland. It’s hard to make sense of them until you see the much smaller gravestones scattered around them and the white plantation house in the distance.
This part of Morgan County is cotton country. At the turn of the 20th century, multiple hamlets (too small to be called towns) sprung up around the county as the industry boomed. Successful landowners and farm families built up crossroad communities around cotton gins and country stores. The cotton gin at tiny Fairplay is long gone, though supposedly the town store is still there. I didn’t really notice it. All I could focus on was that cemetery and the still immaculate Ponder house.
It started out as the centerpiece of an antebellum plantation, worked by slaves. John H. Ponder had the house built sometime around 1850. According to 1860 census records1 his son George owned 54 slaves, more than most landowners in the area. But the Civil War hit the Ponders hard. In August of 1864, Union soldiers stopped at the plantation to rest and to pillage, leaving the house alone, but stealing horses and clearing out all of the food in storage. John H. Ponder had had enough. He died on November 17th, 1864, just as Sherman’s army was beginning to invade Morgan County on its march to the sea. Family lore has it that the elder Ponder was so worked up with anger at the thought of being raided by the Yankees again that he had a heart attack and died on the spot.2
I can’t find a whole lot of information about what came next for the Ponders. I know that George continued to run the plantation, focusing mainly on cotton after the war was lost and slavery was outlawed. Many of the former slaves stayed on as tenant farmers, forming their own culturally rich communities around the area. George Ponder and his wife Sara had sixteen children, all of whom are buried out in the family cemetery. None of them lived past the age of ten.3 | <urn:uuid:f35b0777-082f-4c1d-80e2-9558ea197a9c> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.thesoutherly.com/2013/03/18/ponder-house/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783397565.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154957-00005-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984224 | 471 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The Center for Academic Language Development (CALD), in its work with inservice and preservice teachers, school districts, and county offices of Education, deem the following three as priority areas to conduct new studies or conduct a review of the literature on existing studies. A statement of evidence has been developed after each focus area below.
c. The alignment of ELP standards with college- and career-ready standards and the alignment of ELP assessments with ELP standards, including assessments that are accessible to, and usable with, Ells with disabilities.
--As with the prior ELD standards and the CELDT in California, CELLA in Florida, NYSESALT in New York and TELPAS in Texas, there currently exists in the field much less awareness of the ELP standards, as well as their alignment to the CCSS and the ELP assessments. Since there has been an intentional approach and design in aligning the two systems, educators must build awareness about both, in order that silos around these two initiatives do not develop in the field. In order for there to be coherence and alignment between the two systems, educators must build background knowledge of how the ELP standards and assessments are in fact an onramp to the CCSS expectations. Since all teachers are teachers of Ells, all educators must become knowledgeable regarding both systems.
d. Key features of instruction for Ells that promote language acquisition, including academic language, social language, and content knowledge in various educational programs that provide instruction in English or in English and another language.
--If language is in fact at the center of the CCSS, then the specific language that Ells need—both social and academic language—must be emphasized alongside of content knowledge. In particular, strategies and best practices that promote both social and academic language for Ells within content areas must be studied and promoted. Additionally, programs that are most closely aligned to the expectations of the CCSS and the ELP standards must be designed, studied, and promoted, so that educators can make the best decisions possible regarding instructional materials and curriculum for Ells.
f. Characteristics of professional development that prepares prospective teachers or currently practicing teachers who are language development specialists or content teachers of Ells to design and deliver instruction that promotes language acquisition and content knowledge.
--Best practices around professional development, which is supported by research and practical, must be studied and recommended. Professional development must be both well supported and on going, so that teachers can build proficiency around new instructional strategies with Ells. There must also be follow-up professional development that does not switch gears over time, acknowledging the in-depth support needed for teachers to become effective with new instructional efforts. Alongside of on-going support systems, professional development must be both modeled across grade levels and content areas, as well as monitored often for effective implementation.
Director: Ivannia Soto-Hinman, Ph.D., Whittier College
Advisory Board Members:
- Rossana Boyd, Ph.D. , University of Northern Texas
- Linda Carstens, Ph.D., Federal Reviewer/University of New Mexico
- Arthur Chou, Publisher, Velázquez Press
- Eva Garcia, Executive Director, NYS/NYC Regional Bilingual/ESL-Resource Network, Fordham University
- Magaly Lavandez, Ph.D., Center for Equity for English Learners, Loyola Marymount University
- Charlene Rivera, Ph.D., GWU, Center for Equity and Excellence in Education
- Shelly Spiegel-Coleman, Executive Director, Californians Together | <urn:uuid:131a67de-ff05-4fac-865d-b82c8a2c0cce> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://academiclanguagedevelopment.org/blog/response-information-department-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986655310.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014200522-20191014224022-00059.warc.gz | en | 0.953234 | 742 | 2.609375 | 3 |
There’s a valve at the entrance to your stomach. It’s actually a ring of muscle and it closes as soon as food passes through it. Think of it like the door to your stomach, letting in food when appropriate.
Now in your stomach there’s acid. If that valve doesn’t shut correctly, guess what can happen? The acid can sneak through and move up into your esophagus. When this happens, you’ll probably get a burning pain in your chest, known as heartburn. Should this occur more than twice a week, chances are you’ve got acid reflux disease.
One of the main reasons the valve isn’t working properly is because of a hiatal hernia. The hernia means your stomach and its valve have shifted above the diaphragm. As a muscle which separates the stomach from the chest, the diaphragm usually helps keep acid in your stomach where it belongs. But, if things get out of place, then you get acid reflux– not fun!
Other factors that contribute to acid reflux can include being obese, eating certain spicy/fatty foods like tomatoes, garlic, and chocolate, as well as smoking, pregnancy, or taking muscle relaxers.
How do you know if you’ve got acid reflux? Besides heartburn, you may have a sour/bitter taste in your mouth from the acid regurgitating. Burping, bloating, hiccups, nausea, and a feeling of food being stuck in your throat are also symptoms.
Ways to combat acid reflux include wearing non-tight clothing, not eating at least three hours before lying down, and eating slower, smaller meals during the day, choosing foods that don’t agitate you.
Consider making an appointment at Lakewoods Chiropractic if acid reflux is bothering you. The chiropractor can use hand manipulation to relieve your chest pain. Furthermore, the doctor can use gentle tissue manipulation to pull your stomach back down below the diaphragm where it belongs. This, in turn, lets the valve close as intended. In other words, the hiatal hernia can be corrected so that things are back in their normal place in the body.
Call 651-464-0800 to schedule an appointment at Lakewoods Chiropractic in Forest Lake, MN, if you want to alleviate the problems associated with acid reflux disease. | <urn:uuid:cf066be8-5ba2-4a72-94dd-4a178b6f46e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.lakewoodschiropractic.com/acid-reflux-doctor-forest-lake/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321553.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627203405-20170627223405-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.939257 | 508 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
|Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|
King in 1964
April 4, 1968 |
6:01 p.m. (CST (UTC–6))
|Target||Martin Luther King Jr.|
|Weapons||Remington 760 Gamemaster .30-06|
|Victim||Martin Luther King Jr.|
|Perpetrator||James Earl Ray|
Martin Luther King Jr., an American clergyman and civil rights leader, was shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. He was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, and was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. CST. He was a prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who was known for his use of nonviolence and civil disobedience.
James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was arrested on June 8, 1968, in London at Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States, and charged with the crime. On March 10, 1969, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee State Penitentiary. He later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and be tried by a jury, but was unsuccessful; he died in prison on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70.
- 1 Background
- 2 Assassination
- 3 Responses
- 4 FBI investigation
- 5 Funeral
- 6 Perpetrator
- 7 Conspiracy theories
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
King on death
King received frequent death threats due to his prominence in the Civil Rights Movement. He had confronted the risk of death and made that recognition part of his philosophy. He taught murder could not stop the struggle for equal rights. After the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963, King told his wife Coretta, "This is what is going to happen to me also. I keep telling you, this is a sick society."
King traveled to Memphis, Tennessee, in support of striking African American city sanitation workers. The workers had staged a walkout on February 11, 1968, to protest unequal wages and working conditions imposed by then-mayor Henry Loeb. At the time, Memphis paid black workers significantly lower wages than whites. There were no city-issued uniforms, no restrooms, no recognized union, and no grievance procedure for the numerous occasions on which they were underpaid. During Loeb's tenure as Mayor, conditions did not significantly improve, and the gruesome February 1968 deaths of two workers in a garbage-compacting truck turned mounting tensions into a strike.
King participated in a massive march in Memphis on March 28, 1968, that ended in violence. On April 3, King returned to Memphis to attempt a successful new march later that week. His airline flight to Memphis was delayed by a bomb threat but he arrived in time to make a planned speech to a gathering at the Mason Temple (World Headquarters of the Church of God in Christ). King delivered the speech, now known as the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" address. As he neared the close, he referred to the bomb threat:
And then I got to Memphis. And some began to say the threats... or talk about the threats that were out. What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers?
Well, I don't know what will happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead. But it doesn't matter with me now. Because I've been to the mountaintop. [applause] And I don't mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land! [applause] And so I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. My eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord!
On Thursday, April 4, 1968, King was staying in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. The motel was owned by businessman Walter Bailey and named after his wife. Reverend Ralph Abernathy, a colleague and friend, later told the House Select Committee on Assassinations he and King had stayed in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel so often that it was known as the "King–Abernathy Suite".
According to biographer Taylor Branch, King's last words were to musician Ben Branch, who was scheduled to perform that night at a planned event. King said, "Ben, make sure you play 'Take My Hand, Precious Lord' in the meeting tonight. Play it real pretty."
King had gone out onto the balcony and was standing near his room when he was struck at 6:01 p.m. by a single .30-06 bullet fired from a Remington Model 760 rifle. The bullet entered through King's right cheek, breaking his jaw and several vertebrae as it traveled down his spinal cord, severing his jugular vein and major arteries in the process, before lodging in his shoulder. The force of the shot ripped King's necktie off. King fell violently backward onto the balcony, unconscious.
Shortly after the shot was fired, witnesses saw a man, later believed to be James Earl Ray, fleeing from a rooming house across the street from the Lorraine Motel. Ray had been renting a room there. Police found a package dumped close to the site, which included a rifle and binoculars, both with Ray's fingerprints. Ray had purchased the rifle under an alias six days earlier. A worldwide manhunt was triggered, which culminated in the arrest of Ray at London's Heathrow Airport two months later.
At the time, Abernathy heard the shot from inside the motel room and ran to the balcony to find King on the deck, bleeding profusely from the wound in his cheek. Jesse Jackson stated after the shooting that he cradled King's head as King lay on the balcony, but this account was disputed by other colleagues of King; Jackson later changed his statement to say that he had "reached out" for King. Andrew Young, a colleague from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, first believed King was dead, but found he still had a pulse.
King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where doctors opened his chest and performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. He never regained consciousness and was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. Paul Hess, assistant administrator at St. Joseph's Hospital, where Dr. King died despite emergency surgery, said the minister had "received a gunshot wound on the right side of the neck, at the root of the neck, a gaping wound. He was pronounced dead at 7:05 P.M. Central standard time (8:05 P.M. New York time) by staff doctors," Mr. Hess said. "They did everything humanly possible." According to Taylor Branch, his autopsy revealed that despite being aged just 39, his heart was in the condition of a 60-year-old man, which Branch attributed to the stress of his 13 years in the Civil Rights Movement.
Coretta Scott King
Mrs. King had difficulty settling her children with the news that their father was deceased. She received a large number of telegrams, including one from Lee Harvey Oswald's mother, which she regarded as the one that touched her the most.
Within the movement
For some, King's assassination meant the end of the strategy of nonviolence. Others in the movement reaffirmed the need to carry on King's and the movement's work. Leaders within the SCLC confirmed they would carry on the Poor People's Campaign that year despite his loss. Some black leaders argued the need to continue King's and the movement's tradition of nonviolence.
Robert F. Kennedy speech
That night, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, running to gain the presidential nomination to represent the Democratic Party, spoke about the assassination. Kennedy had spoken earlier that day in Indiana and learned about the shooting before boarding a plane to Indianapolis. He had a speech scheduled there in a predominantly black neighborhood of the city. His press secretary Frank Mankiewicz suggested he ask the audience to pray for the King family and to follow King's practice of nonviolence. Kennedy did not learn King had died until he landed in Indianapolis.
Mankiewicz and speechwriter Adam Walinsky drafted notes for Kennedy's use, but he refused them, using some he likely had written during the ride to the site. The Indianapolis chief of police advised Kennedy he could not provide protection and was worried he would be at risk in talking about the death of the revered leader. Kennedy decided to go ahead. Standing on a flatbed truck, Kennedy spoke for four minutes and fifty-seven seconds.
He was the first to tell the audience King had died; some of the attendees screamed and wailed in grief. Several of Kennedy's aides were worried that the delivery of this information would result in a riot. When the audience quieted, Kennedy acknowledged many would be filled with anger. He said: "For those of you who are black and are tempted to be filled with hatred and mistrust of the injustice of such an act, against all white people, I would only say that I can also feel in my own heart the same kind of feeling. I had a member of my family killed, but he was killed by a white man." These remarks surprised his aides, who had never heard him speak publicly of his brother's death. Kennedy said the country had to make an effort to "go beyond these rather difficult times", and quoted a poem by the Greek playwright Aeschylus, "Even in our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart until, in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God." In conclusion, he said the country needed and wanted unity between blacks and whites, and asked the audience members to pray for the King family and the country, quoting the Greeks again.
His speech was credited in part with preventing post-assassination rioting in Indianapolis, on a night where such events broke out in major cities across the country. It is widely considered one of the greatest speeches in American history.
Kennedy subsequently canceled all of his scheduled campaign appearances and withdrew to his hotel room. Several phone conversations with black community leaders convinced him to speak out against the violent backlash beginning to emerge across the country. The next day, Kennedy gave a prepared response, "On the Mindless Menace of Violence", in Cleveland, Ohio. Though still considered significant, it is given much less historical attention than the Indianapolis speech.
President Lyndon B. Johnson
President Lyndon B. Johnson was in the Oval Office that evening, planning a meeting in Hawaii with Vietnam War military commanders. After press secretary George Christian informed him at 8:20 p.m. of the assassination, he canceled the trip to focus on the nation. He assigned Attorney General Ramsey Clark to investigate the assassination in Memphis. He made a personal call to King's wife, Coretta Scott King, and declared April 7 a national day of mourning, on which the U.S. flag would be flown at half-staff.
Colleagues of King in the Civil Rights Movement called for a nonviolent response to the assassination, to honor his most deeply held beliefs. James Farmer Jr. said:
Dr. King would be greatly distressed to find that his blood had triggered off bloodshed and disorder. I think instead the nation should be quiet; black and white, and we should be in a prayerful mood, which would be in keeping with his life. We should make that kind of dedication and commitment to the goals which his life served to solving the domestic problems. That's the memorial, that's the kind of memorial we should build for him. It's just not appropriate for there to be violent retaliations, and that kind of demonstration in the wake of the murder of this pacifist and man of peace.
However, the more militant Stokely Carmichael called for forceful action, saying:
White America killed Dr. King last night. She made it a whole lot easier for a whole lot of black people today. There no longer needs to be intellectual discussions, black people know that they have to get guns. White America will live to cry that she killed Dr. King last night. It would have been better if she had killed Rap Brown and/or Stokely Carmichael, but when she killed Dr. King, she lost.
Despite the urging for calm by many leaders, a nationwide wave of riots erupted in more than 100 cities. After the assassination, the city of Memphis quickly settled the strike on favorable terms to the sanitation workers.
On April 8, King's widow, Coretta Scott King, together with the couple's four small children, led a crowd estimated at 40,000 in a silent march through the streets of Memphis to honor the fallen leader and support the cause of the city's black sanitation workers.
The next day, funeral rites for King were held in his hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. The service at Ebenezer Baptist Church was nationally televised, as were these other events. A funeral procession transported King's body for 3.5 miles through the streets of Atlanta, followed by more than 100,000 mourners, from the church to his alma mater of Morehouse College. A second service was held there before the burial.
In the wake of King's assassination, journalists reported some callous or hostile reactions from parts of white America, particularly in the South. David Halberstam, who reported on King's funeral, recounted a comment heard at an affluent white dinner party:
One of the wives—station wagon, three children, forty-five-thousand-dollar house—leaned over and said, "I wish you had spit in his face for me." It was a stunning moment; I wondered for a long time afterwards what King could possibly have done to her, in what conceivable way he could have threatened her, why this passionate hate.
Reporters recounted that many whites were also grief-stricken at the leader's death. In some cases, the shock of events altered opinions. A survey later sent to a group of college trustees revealed their opinions of King had risen after his assassination. The New York Times praised King in an editorial, calling his murder a "national disaster" and his cause "just".
Public figures generally praised King in the days following his death. Others expressed political ideology. Governor George Wallace of Alabama, known as a segregationist, described the assassination as a "senseless, regrettable act". But Governor Lester Maddox of Georgia called King "an enemy of our country" and threatened to "personally raise" the state capitol flag back from half-staff. California Governor Ronald Reagan described the assassination as "a great tragedy that began when we began compromising with law and order and people started choosing which laws they'd break". Strom Thurmond, South Carolina Senator, wrote to his constituents: "We are now witnessing the whirlwind sowed years ago when some preachers and teachers began telling people that each man could be his own judge in his own case."
The Federal Bureau of Investigation was assigned the lead to investigate King's death. J. Edgar Hoover, who had previously made efforts to undermine King's reputation, told Johnson his agency would attempt to find the culprit(s). Many documents related to this investigation remain classified, and are slated to remain secret until 2027. In 2010, as in earlier years, some argued for passage of a proposed Records Collection Act, similar to a 1992 law concerning the Kennedy assassination, in order to require the immediate release of the records. The measure did not pass.
A crowd of 300,000 attended his funeral on April 9. Vice President Hubert Humphrey attended on behalf of Johnson, who was at a meeting on the Vietnam War at Camp David. (There were fears that Johnson might be hit with protests and abuses over the war if he attended). At his widow's request, King's last sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church was played at the funeral; it was a recording of his "Drum Major" sermon, given on February 4, 1968. In that sermon, he asked that, at his funeral, no mention of his awards and honors be made, but that it be said he tried to "feed the hungry", "clothe the naked", "be right on the [Vietnam] war question", and "love and serve humanity".
Capture and guilty plea
The FBI investigation found fingerprints on various objects left in the bathroom from where the gunfire had come. Evidence included a Remington Gamemaster rifle from which at least one shot had been fired. The fingerprints were traced to an escaped convict named James Earl Ray. Two months after assassinating King, Ray was captured at London's Heathrow Airport while he was trying to depart from the United Kingdom for either Angola, Rhodesia, or apartheid South Africa on a false Canadian passport in the name of Ramon George Sneyd. Ray was quickly extradited to Tennessee and charged with King's murder.
Ray confessed to the assassination on March 10, 1969. On the advice of his attorney Percy Foreman, Ray took a guilty plea to avoid a conviction and potential death penalty. Ray was sentenced to a 99-year prison term; he recanted his confession three days later.
Ray fired Foreman as his attorney and claimed a man he met in Montreal with the alias "Raul" was involved, as was Ray's brother Johnny, but that he was not. He said through his new attorney Jack Kershaw that, although he did not "personally shoot King", he may have been "partially responsible without knowing it", hinting at a conspiracy. In May 1977, Kershaw presented evidence to the House Select Committee on Assassinations that he believed exonerated his client, but tests did not prove conclusive. Kershaw also claimed Ray was somewhere else when the shots were fired, but he could not find a witness to corroborate the claim.
Ray and seven other convicts escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Petros, Tennessee, on June 10, 1977. They were recaptured on June 13, three days later, and returned to prison. A year was added to Ray's sentence.
Ray worked for the remainder of his life attempting (unsuccessfully) to withdraw his guilty plea and secure a full trial. In 1997, King's son Dexter met with Ray; he publicly supported Ray's efforts to obtain a retrial.
William Francis Pepper remained James Earl Ray's attorney until Ray's death. He carried on the effort to gain a trial on behalf of the King family, who do not believe Ray was responsible, but that there was a conspiracy by elements of the government against King.
Ray died in prison on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70 from kidney and liver failure, caused by hepatitis C (probably contracted as a result of a blood transfusion given after a stabbing while at Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary).
In December 1993, Loyd Jowers, a white man from Memphis, appeared on ABC's Prime Time Live. He had gained attention by claiming an alleged conspiracy involving the Mafia, the Federal government, and himself to kill King. According to Jowers, Ray was a scapegoat, and not directly involved in the shooting.
According to the Department of Justice, Jowers had inconsistently identified different people as King's assassin since 1993. He had alternatively claimed the shooter was: (1) an African American man who was on South Main Street on the night of the assassination (the "Man on South Main Street"); (2) Raoul; (3) a white "Lieutenant" with the Memphis Police Department; and (4) a person whom he did not recognize. The Department does not consider Jowers' accusations credible, and refers to two of the accused individuals by pseudonym.[note 1] DOJ has stated the evidence allegedly supporting the existence of a third assassin, "Raoul", is dubious. Jowers had business interests in the vicinity of the assassination site.
Coretta Scott King v. Loyd Jowers
In 1997, King's son Dexter had a meeting with Ray and asked him, "I just want to ask you, for the record, um, did you kill my father?" Ray replied, "No. No I didn't," and King told Ray he, along with the King family, believed him; the King family also urged that Ray be granted a new trial. In 1999, the King family filed a civil case against Jowers and unnamed co-conspirators for the wrongful death of King. The case, Coretta Scott King, et al. vs. Loyd Jowers et al., Case No. 97242, was tried in the circuit court of Shelby County, Tennessee, from November 15 to December 8, 1999.
Attorney William Francis Pepper, representing the King family, presented evidence from 70 witnesses and 4,000 pages of transcripts. Pepper alleges in his book, An Act of State (2003), that the evidence implicated the FBI, the CIA, the Army, the Memphis Police Department, and organized crime in the murder of King. The suit alleged government involvement; however, no government officials or agencies were named or made a party to the suit, so there was no defense or evidence presented or refuted by the government. The jury found defendant Loyd Jowers and unknown co-defendants civilly liable for participation in a conspiracy to assassinate King in the amount of $100. Members of King's family acted as plaintiffs.
After hearing no evidence from the government, and only testimony and pleadings cooperatively submitted by the plaintiffs and Jowers, the jury—six blacks and six whites—found King had been the victim of assassination by a conspiracy involving the Memphis police as well as federal agencies. Local Assistant District Attorney John Campbell, who was not involved in the case, said the case was flawed and "overlooked so much contradictory evidence that never was presented" This civil verdict against Jowers has been claimed by some persons to have established Ray's criminal innocence, which the King family has always maintained, but it has no bearing on his having pleaded guilty. The family said it had requested only $100 in damages to demonstrate they were not seeking financial gain. Dexter called the verdict "a vindication for us".
In 2000, the Department of Justice completed their own investigation into Jowers' claims; it did not find evidence to support the allegations about conspiracy. The investigation report recommends no further investigation unless some new reliable facts are presented. A sister of Jowers said he had fabricated the story so he could make $300,000 from selling it, and that she corroborated it to get some money to pay her income tax. King biographer David Garrow disagrees with William F. Pepper's claims that the government killed King. He is supported by author Gerald Posner.
On the other hand, conspiracy theorists bristled at Killing the Dream, criticizing Posner for in part basing it on "a psychological evaluation of James Earl Ray, which he [Posner] is not qualified to give, and he dismisses evidence of conspiracy in King's murder as cynical attempts to exploit the tragedy". William Pepper, Ray's final defense attorney, repeatedly dismissed Posner's book as inaccurate and misleading. Dexter King, one of Martin Luther King's sons, also criticized it. In 1999, the King family, represented by Pepper, brought a civil lawsuit in which a jury found evidence of a conspiracy involving Loyd Jowers, the owner of a restaurant near the assassination site. In response to that verdict, Posner told The New York Times, "It distresses me greatly that the legal system was used in such a callous and farcical manner in Memphis. If the King family wanted a rubber stamp of their own view of the facts, they got it."
In 1998, CBS reported the two separate ballistic tests conducted on the Remington Gamemaster allegedly used by Ray in the assassination were inconclusive. Moreover, witnesses with King at the moment of the shooting say the shot was fired from a different location; from behind thick shrubbery near the rooming house, and not from a window of the rooming house.
King's friend and SCLC organizer, Reverend James Lawson, has suggested the impending occupation of Washington, DC, by the Poor People's Campaign was a primary motive for the assassination. Lawson also noted during the civil trial that King alienated President Johnson and other powerful government actors when he repudiated the Vietnam War on April 4, 1967—exactly one year before the assassination.
King had been targeted by COINTELPRO and had also been under surveillance by military intelligence agencies during the period leading up to his assassination under the code name Operation Lantern Spike.
A church minister, Ronald Denton Wilson, claimed his father, Henry Clay Wilson, assassinated Martin Luther King Jr., not James Earl Ray. He stated, "It wasn't a racist thing; he thought Martin Luther King was connected with communism, and he wanted to get him out of the way." But Wilson had reportedly previously admitted his father was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
In 2004, Jesse Jackson, who was with King when he was assassinated, noted:
The fact is there were saboteurs to disrupt the march. [And] within our own organization, we found a very key person who was on the government payroll. So infiltration within, saboteurs from without and the press attacks. I will never believe that James Earl Ray had the motive, the money and the mobility to have done it himself. Our government was very involved in setting the stage for and I think the escape route for James Earl Ray.
- Because [The Department of Justice] does not credit Jowers' inconsistent allegations, we refer to the two assassins he has named as the "Man on South Main Street" and the "Lieutenant", respectively.
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|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr..|
- "Civil Case: King Family v. Jowers" (Partial Transcripts of 1998 Trial), hosted by The King Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Department of Justice investigation of assassination, 2000 (following the Jowers' allegations)
- Congressional Report on King's assassination
- Shelby County Register of Deeds documents, Assassination Investigation]
- Donald E. Wilkes Jr, "Death of MLK Still a Mystery" (1987), University of Georgia Law School.
- Donald E. Wilkes Jr, "What Are Facts of MLK Murder?" (1987).
- The Accident on a Garbage Truck That Led to the Death of Martin Luther King, Jr., episode of the Southern Hollows podcast
- Dr. King's Assassination, Civil Rights Digital Library. | <urn:uuid:96930b08-8428-4005-8422-fdadade687f7> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591481.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720022026-20180720042026-00462.warc.gz | en | 0.952241 | 8,431 | 3.15625 | 3 |
As we get ready to celebrate Memorial Day in our nation I want to pay tribute to the first African American soldier to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor, Sergeant William Harvey Carney. He was awarded the medal on May 23, 1900, for his bravery on July 18, 1863. He was fighting for the Union as a member of the 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry. The medal of honor is, of course, our nation’s highest award for bravery in the face of battle. His unit was formed in early 1863, as a new approach for having African American regiments in the Union army.
The Sergeant fought against a barrage of cannon and rifle fire, as he and his brothers fought their way to the top of a fort they were trying to capture. He was wounded there while planting the U.S. flag. Despite his wounds, the Sergeant would not retreat. The 54th lost 281 of its 600 men that day. Sergeant Carney eventually recovered and was discharged with disability on June 30, 1864.
Color and race are still in the news with people like Stiviano and Cuban making remarks that stir controversy. But bravery has no color. I honor all people of color who have fought, died, and lived through the struggle for freedom in our nation. We are in debt to the men and women who live their lives with in an effort to protect liberty. Whether we relax or work on Memorial Day, pause and remember the bravery and sacrifice of men and women in uniform – past and present. Yes, and celebrate freedom which always has a cost.
“Confidence… thrives on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance. Without them it cannot live.” Franklin D. Roosevelt | <urn:uuid:7ef458ac-eecd-452a-b458-2f184ea7c88d> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://dennymeyer.me/2014/05/23/honor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156192.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919102700-20180919122700-00536.warc.gz | en | 0.985561 | 358 | 2.671875 | 3 |
January 21, 2021, ©. Leeham News: Whatever is done in terms of new Sustainable technology for the aircraft, will have a limited influence on the amount of Greenhouse gases that Air Transport emits before 2050.
We will only get the new aircraft types into operation about 15 years before the deadline and with, on average, 100 to 200 aircraft per year. That’s 1,500 to 3,000 of the total of 25,000 aircraft that operate in our skies daily. It will not reduce our Greenhouse gas emissions significantly.
Sustainable Aviation Fuel, SAF, will help, but only when it’s available in quantity and to a reasonable cost. We can do things that have a much faster effect, and that’s how we manage our flights.
When the pandemic subsides, we will be back to about 25,000 airliners flying around 100,000 flights a day. None of these flights fly optimized routes. Investigations have shown that at least 10% of the emissions from these flights could be avoided if we could manage the flights better.
I talked to a Chief Pilot for one of our leading European airlines at the Airbus Summit in Toulouse in September. He told me he switched off the datalink-based CPDLC communication when he came to land at the London airports.
The chaos in terms of reroutes, speed adjustments, and holdings to cater for the typical London area congestion just couldn’t be managed other than by constant talking between Traffic Controllers and Pilots.
It’s the same in many areas of our air traffic system. Reroutes, delay tracks, and holdings are the tools Air Traffic Control (ATC) must use to separate bunched-up arrivals so that the typical 2 minutes spacing between landings for a runway is achieved.
For decades, work has been going on in the ATC area to improve this, such as NextGen in the US and CESAR in the EU. But progress is slow. The changes require new hardware, new airflow routines, retraining of air traffic controllers, and adaptations of operational procedures and equipment by the airlines.
I work as a Mentor of sustainability upstarts at the Sustainable Aero Lab in Hamburg. There I came to Mentor a really practical and intelligent approach to the above.
A Captain in one of the world’s largest airlines grew tired of all the delays and thought out a system that can fix a lot of the mess without changes to ATC, the aircraft, or airline procedures. It’s a cloud-based system that makes sure airliners fly to their destinations such that they arrive in the time grid ATC needs to guarantee a direct route for landing.
There are enough airline trials done with the system in different countries to prove it works, and new countries now queue up to trial it. We work hard to get this clever approach sufficient funding and Worldwide traction so it can be the tool we need to change the amount of fuel consumed at destinations and, by it, CO2 emissions.
The approach doesn’t replace any of the other measures that are in the works; it complements these. Its key feature is that it doesn’t require any new hardware, software, or procedures at airports, ATC, or aircraft. CO2 gains of over 20% in the landing phase have been proven in over 600 test flights on two continents to date.
Changes to how we fly our existing aircraft in our current air traffic control system are the only immediate gains we can make regarding emissions from aircraft. All other changes take a longer time.
New generations of existing aircraft technology, such as improved engines, come in 10 years intervals. New propulsion techniques such as hybrids or hydrogen-based systems take another five to ten years to get it to smaller aircraft, representing a tiny bit of our traffic.
Until it migrates to the mainstream single aisles, we talk 15 years or more. And then, we only replace a maximum of 1,000 aircraft per year (at best).
So before we look at new aircraft technologies and their problems, our top priority measure shall be a better flow for the existing aircraft we fly.
Excellent idea to pace airliners so that they arrive without needing to fly race-tracks!
One would assume ATC like Eurocontrol would have the whole route 4D decided and sent digitally to the aircraft to follow and if no disruptions due to weather, emergency traffic, military etc. +99% would follow these preprogrammed tracks in the sky avoiding any altitude overshoots and do TOGA if unstable approach. The pilot can of cause send a message that problems arises and break out of the given route to selected alternate preprogrammed route and then be given a new 4D track to land.
Tere is a lot happening in that domain.
direct p2p routes.
after top of climb “glide path”
micromanagement for early queuing
Aviation in many ways is not a leader. We may find self driving cars on roads before the ATC problem is solved.
As far as I can see each aircrafts position and velocity must be precisely tracked “centrally” in 4 dimensions with GPS/Gallileo/GLONAS fused with radar transponder returns and telemetry from inertial navigation system returned via satellite when available. These would return aircraft serial numbers and other data such as barometric. Some kind of distributed cloud and block chain technology will be needed to guarantee robustness and avoid political interference.
Guidance commands must be injected into the autopilot to ensure the aircraft route is completely deconflicted of possible collisions and lines up with the runway and lands at exactly the correct time. Obviously a flight plan must be filed electronically and also accepted. Obviously we must have no more hold patterns (except in the case of emergency)
The technology (such as communications satellites) is becoming available.
It is more akin to missile guidance than air traffic control.
Elon Musk once stated “one day it will be illegal to drive on a public road” by which he meant roads with self driving cars would loose all of the gains if there were manual drivers still on them. It may be the same in trafficked airspace.
I think the land area taken up by airports will themselves come into question one day.
Yes, I think those not flying fully automatic with ATC selecting and transmitting 4D keypoints for each aircraft in the future will be banned from the most economical routes and the smart missile analogue is vaild. Aircrafts will be “slow SM-6 missiles with self loading cargo” and maybe use special fast glidepaths from top of climb to dedicated runways not running ILS systems but something more advanced allowing faster landings and thus increased landing frequencies as you clear the runways faster as well. It will take time before each EU country will let control go to an AI compter in Brussells…
The kind of system I describe will I suspect first be implemented for delivery drone and eVTOL flights in cities perhaps in corridors from which manually controlled aircraft are banned unless specially equipped for worthy purposes such as first respond Medivac. The slow response and update time for man in the loop air traffic control and piloting simply are unable to respond fast enough to provide a safe system that can be tightly optimised for 300kmh eVTOL and drones.
In addition it’s just way too expensive having highly trained and responsible pilots and air traffic controllers. We can maybe afford such personnel for 244 seat A321neo but it makes smaller aircraft increasingly unaffordable.
A 10% reduction in fuel burn likely also broadly equates to a 10% increase in airport slots and a 10% decrease in transit time and a 10% increase in capacity for the airliner.
This is the only way to make aviation affordable.
You can have 4D routes programmed into the FMS that also reads GPS time signals. Then ATC just need to select a suitable proprogammed 4D track and indicate start time. Boeing just invested into Pittsburgh-based Near Earth Autonomy doing similar stuff. Still ATC will charge alot to send those route approvals as they will be the only ones approved to do it.
Historically you like to have the militar taking the early cost of development.
Just looking at what would be required for a fully automated Air Traffic Control System with fully autonomous aircraft.
I’m assuming 4 levels of redundancy.
1 Aircraft position and velocity vectors measured by GPS/Galileo/GLOANAS. if there is no GPS or radar available INS, Star tracker(should be cheap given today electrooptic on a chip) and some sort of ground based radio system (e.g. old VOR/DME LORAN)
2 Above position and velocity vector data transmitted via satellite to an air traffic control system.
3 Above position and velocity data also transmitted directly to ground receivers when in range.
3 Above data also broadcast directly to other aircraft in the vicinity. This would require something similar to the DRSC “Dedicated Short-Range Communications” IEEE 802.11p for WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) that is designed to allow vehicle to vehicle communications (sort of WiFi). This means if the aircraft loose satellite communications they can revert to algorithms in a local cooperative environment. Threading and mesh networking technology would allow the data to be relayed from aircraft to aircraft back to ground stations.
4 The position should also be measured by ground-based 3D tracking radar (primary and secondary) which fuses with the GPS data (when in range).
5 Heading data is injected directly to the autopilot is transmitted backed to the aircraft via satellite, direct ground link and direct links ultimately to the point of landing.
(Similar to the way F1102/F106 were controlled in the SAGE “Semi-Automatic Ground Environment” where the time critical task was intercepting nuclear bombers and manually controlled intercepts would have been too slow)
Meteorological and barometric data, plus weather radar would be transmitted by satellite to allow routing around bad weather.
Most of the above systems are already in existence such as the new IMARSAT satellites.
What is missing is the aircraft to aircraft network and the software.
Hence there would be 3-4 independent communications links from aircraft to ground and direct to other aircraft. There would also be as many positioning systems as possible (GPS, Radar, ground based radio etc).
The key to getting there will be to implement the sub systems piece by piece with communications ability so that the system can be ‘switched on’ when needed.
On busy corridors there is also the possibility of flying so as to harness wake energy.
Would this not also be a relatively quick initiative to put in place?
Too funny…. did they try it out in a wind tunnel, or was a computer simulation ?
They did it in real life with real wide body aircraft. They’d developed LIDAR that measures the wake position and its velocity vectors. They then fly in that wake. They also computed the wake position by simulation, that can be done, but they can actually measure it’s precise position with LIDAR so that they can ‘surf’ the wake.
Here’s a link to that:
“Airbus says a demonstration flight on November 9, 2021 across the Atlantic has shown that wake energy retrieval can be done safely and achieve fuel and emissions savings.
“The European aerospace group flew two Airbus A350 test aircraft in regulated transatlantic airspace at three kilometers apart from Toulouse, France to Montreal, Canada.
““Over 6 tons of CO2 emissions were saved on the trip, confirming the potential for more than a 5% fuel saving on long-haul flights,” Airbus noted in a statement on November 9, 2021.”
“5% fuel saving”
nothing to sneer at!
TexBozz has used a half dozen different emails.
A valid email is required for posting. TexBozz is suspended until he/she reaches out to me with a valid email.
Tired old fanboy waiting for Lazarus to rise from the dead.
“Object of delusion (Boeing) = Prosperity is Just Around the Corner”
This is marketing fluff designed to help Airbus with its brand image but will never be used in practice. I wish manufacturers and airlines would stop spending 100% of their time on greenwashing.
Well, this is AB spending money on R&D while BA spends money on servicing its crippling debt burden.
The airlines and aviation industry have no choice since the anti aviation environmental ‘attackers’ for the most part have abandoned reason and are quite willing to use fear mongering and emotionally based scare tactics. How do you fight that with reason? You can’t. Anyway the SAF demo flights of today will be real SAF flights in a few years time. In a really advanced ATC system formation flying may be relatively easy to organise and achieve.
The USAF tried this ten years ago on a round trip test between California and Hawaii. They reported double digit fuel savings.
Indeed they did and I think Boeing was involved. I think the difference is the Airbus LIDAR wake sensor with those USAF flights based around a calculated position. It still worked. It is a natural for an Airforce to fly in formation.
what kind of proximity?
like in mil formation flying?
IMU Airbus tested this with more “civil” separation
and instrument cueing.
Uptake will depend on how to share the savings.
On the subject of routing efficiency, airlines could also do more to remove inefficient routes from their ticketing. It won’t happen, of course, because it means lost revenue — and most passengers don’t check these things — but it certainly qualifies as low-hanging fruit. For example:
– I know someone who flew a few years ago from Atlanta (GA) to Phoenix (AZ). This was not done using an airline with a hub in Atlanta (e.g. Delta) or Phoenix (e.g. Southwest) but using United via Denver. This goes unnecessarily north and then south again.
– I also know someone who flew from Bangkok to LA using Emirates! That means 8 hours to Dubai, followed by 17 hours to LA. If he had flown using Delta (direct) or using an intelligent stopover like Tokyo, he could have done the journey in 16-18 hours.
Intelligent ticketing doesn’t just save time — it saves a lot of fuel / emissions.
A colleague I was travelling with on a work trip organised tickets to fly Qantas from Sydney to London thence to Moscow with BA and thence to Siberia with S7. His motivation was to increase his frequent flyer points with Qantas.
I decoupled from this unnecessarily long flight and travelled Sydney-Dubai-Moscow-Yakutsk. What should have been a flight straight north of of Sydney for 10,000km became a 25,000km dog leg for him and maybe 18,000 for me. It proved impossible to get to Siberia via China or Japan because there were such few flights.
There is a lot that can be done regarding political borders as well. No airline wants to hub through semi dysfunctional states with dysfunctional airports that would otherwise be optimal.
Google flights suggest the lowest CO2 for that sort of destination means going to Phuket- Vladivostok-Yakutsk. Its almost a direct route.
The advantage and disadvantage its mostly A320 single aisle and some longish layovers.
Yes, our Russian brothers, presumably the ones suffering SADS in a Siberian winter especially like Thailand and I’ve noticed Bali during those winters so these would be mainly holiday type airlines. It was 6 years ago, Internet booking was much harder and I was booking flights myself at the last minute. Idiot ‘points boy’ colleague didn’t leave me time.
An important point. Major airlines and major agencies route through the hubs and airlines profitable for them with carriers they have relationships with. They dominate the internet booking space.
Normally a non stop to say Hong Kong , Seoul or Shanghai and then direct to Vladivostok and then Yakutsk which is same general region of Russia
does google flights let you sort by CO2?
That would be a very valuable additional parameter to the google search results
Agreed on the tech aspects of low hanging fruit.
The issue is the highly public visible image of Aviation. The Press runs with it and the public sees it as a simple issue.
The Optics are daunting and the public is short sighted and does not nor will they get it.
It would take a huge PR campaign and a lot of questionable if that would even work.
The key issue to adoption of such a system is being able to understand the stability under perturbations. Highly optimized systems are subject to collapse should there be large disruptions. The purpose of optimization is to take advantage of unused capacity in the system, however, this unused capacity can also be considered as resiliency or a buffer. One can foresee that point-to-point could create a system where slight disruptions, like for example, a go-around or rain squall, creates a bow wave for arriving flights which would not only decrease the fuel savings but also create new safety concerns.
> Highly optimized systems are subject to collapse should there be large disruptions. The purpose of optimization is to take advantage of unused capacity in the system, however, this unused capacity can also be considered as resiliency or a buffer.. <
As we are presently experiencing- for one example- in our long, complex, and fragile
Thank you for the above important comment.
Unfortunately, current unused capacity can’t be used as a buffer since the system is unable to manage it. We wind up with lower capacity than we might otherwise have and are still vulnerable to large scale disruptions.
There is a branch of applied mathematics called ‘queuing theory’ which describes the probability of the number of cars waiting at lights and the flow of data traffic. The human condition made a lot ore sense when I was forced to study it in the telecommunications side of my EE degree course.
I think the software folks have a very good understanding on how to handle perturbations and so forth. The simplest way is simply to build in spare slots to buffer these perturbations (say 1 in 10) and then allow a compression of the slots (say from 60 seconds to 55 seconds with 20seconds in extremes (wake turbulence allowing)). There is simply no way around building in reserves for perturbations such as technical faults, flight delays, bomb threats, storms etc. Ultimately secondary airports will still be needed. Man in the loop ATC and pilots would seem to require even more reserves.
Any buffer potential the sane minded engineer introduces will be homesteaded by the paper pushers and _used heavily_ .
If it breaks the engineers are berated 🙂
As we saw with the US FCC unilateral decision to sell of the 3.7GHz-3.98GHz spectrum in only 2 years.
5 -10 Years ago Ford took a Press beating for its big Excursion.
It had nothing to do with reality, it was nothing more than a big Van, but as it was labeled an SUV (The S is a PR spin that has been added, they actually are UV aka Utility Vehicles)
No one was going to buy it unless they needed the large number of seats and if it was not there they would buy the Chevy Suburban or a big Van.
So the optics can be weird and distorted by the press.
Eliminating fuel tankering by airlines is low hanging fruit.
We, westerners, are hypocrites.
This kind of statement doesn’t belong in technical comments section about air traffic control improvements designed to reduce harmful emissions. All humans are hypocrites and westerners are no worse. We know from evolutionary psychology that its built into our natures as a hierarchical social animal. I suggest a reading of Johnathan Haidt’s “Righteous Mind”. We might call one type of hypocrisy (the word means acting) ‘virtue signalling’ for purposes of status seeking. Non other then a teacher of mankind, Jesus, warned of it cautioning people to express their goodness sincerely and inwardly rather than for public display. You might consider that you have conducted some hypocrisy and virtue signalling yourself. By throwing other Westerners under the bus but in a backhand way saying you are better than they because you recognise it. I’m sure when you said “We” you didn’t really mean you as part of we.
You can make your point without bringing “Jesus” into it: it’s bad enough when people bring politics into the discussions here, but all hope will be lost if Abrahamic religion gets dragged into the forum 😉
Why not instead allude to neutral figures such as Confucius, Socrates or Erasmus?
I referred to Jesus as a teacher I did not invoke religion. I am an atheist. Warning of the human foible of hypocrisy and for public consumption displays of virtue and it’s pitfall to one’s inner character in particular is a notable one of jesus teachings that’s had a strong but sadly waning influence. Others religious or philosophical leaders may have made such points as well but it’s certainly not a billionaire stoic like Seneca nor Socrates. Socrates was virtuous and ethical but not really a teacher of character.
Off topic but interesting nonetheless, the A220 was not on the list of cleared airplanes for 5G (as of two days ago).
Dude, William, Bryce, et al, let’s get back on topic and stay there. Otherwise I will close comments.
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- Edge Hill School Local Waldorf school active in many community partnerships.
- Ontario Early Years Centres Resource centre for parents of children aged 6 or under.
- Bruce County Public Libraries Substantial library network serving Bruce County residents with online resources.
- West Grey Public Library Public library network with locations in Durham, Neustadt, Elmwood, and Ayton.
- Ontario Ministry of Education This is the main link to the Ministry of Education.
- Ontario Curriculum Ontario Curriculum and other related documents of interest to teachers and parents.
- Learning Exceptionalities Information on policy and regulations for learning exceptionalities; procedures for IEPs and IPRCs. (For further information see Learning Exceptionalities sites below.)
- Bluewater Public School Board
- The Ontario Trillium Foundation The Trillium foundation supports many organizations benefiting youth in Ontario; they have been key players in the revitalization of the Youth Literacy Council.
Organization for Learning Exceptionalities
- Learning Disabilities Association of Canada The LDAC site includes a broad range of resources for learning exceptionalities.
- Attention Deficit Resource Network (ADRN) Information and resources on AD/ADHD
- International Dyslexia Association (IDA) Information and resources on dyslexia (specific reading disability).
- Association for Bright Children (ABC)
Resources for Tutors
- Literacy Connections Information on reading, teaching and tutoring techniques; resources that are useful for teachers, volunteers and directors of literacy programs.
- North West Regional Educational Laboratory (NWREL) Site based in Portland OR; supports volunteer tutoring and mentoring organizations. Ideas on tutoring and tutor training.
- Stenhouse Publishers Books by teachers for teachers, on topics such as strategies for teaching, reading comprehension. etc, many available in full online.
- Online reference library Find any information fast; site has resources on everything for everyone: dictionaries, encyclopedias, news, maps, driving directions etc.
- APlusMath Resources to help kids with math skills development; worksheets, flash cards etc.
- AAAMath Resources for teaching math, sorted by grade level.
- Youth Literacy Canada A valuable source of recent research on youth at risk.
- ‘Get to Know FRO,’ an informational resource to assist recipient parents registered with FRO in navigating the system, understanding their rights, and increasing their chances of success within the current child support system in Ontario.
- A survey for parents in receipt of child support through the FRO system, the results of which will be shared with MPP Bill Walker and the Ontario government, to inform much-needed change in the system. | <urn:uuid:06ce0630-af52-4ca4-9ec6-b6e7b539ac1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://sgbyouthliteracy.org/links/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608120.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525180025-20170525200025-00297.warc.gz | en | 0.870612 | 556 | 2.75 | 3 |
Norris Square Neighborhood Project — an organization in Kensington dedicated to urban gardening and the neighborhood’s rich Puerto Rican culture, delivering youth programs that center on art, culture, and the environment. In 1973, Natalie Kempner, a local fifth-grade teacher, and Helen Loeb, a professor at Eastern State University, collaborated with a dedicated group of volunteer teachers, artists, and a local Puerto Rican women’s group (Grupo Motivos) to found Norris Square Neighborhood Project (NSNP). Together, they created an educational center that was culturally relevant to and protective of the children living in West Kensington, a neighborhood known for its deadly drug culture.
Beginning in the early 1980s, they began to occupy the many empty lots that had been used as open-air drug markets. The women, community members and local organizations transformed the vacant lands into what are now NSNP’s six Latinx culturally-themed gardens. Today, these green sensory spaces are positive demonstrations of the transformation of a community that struggled with poverty and crime, as well as the preservation of Puerto Rican and Latinx cultures.
From our humble beginnings over four decades ago, NSNP has worked to provide safe spaces for youth and community members to engage with the environment, art, and Latinx cultures as well as share food, history, and artistic expression. We must continue to support NSNP and protect its prized gardens that are threatened daily by urban developers aiming to gentrify the neighborhood, eventually stripping it from its rich culture and intergenerational gathering spaces for youth and community residents. | <urn:uuid:2a0230d1-6947-446a-98bc-f69c27c4377f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://boricorridor.com/listing/norris-square-neighborhood-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100146.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129204528-20231129234528-00518.warc.gz | en | 0.958422 | 321 | 2.71875 | 3 |
What is the universal church and how is it different from the local church?The English word "church" comes from the Greek adjective kyriakon which means "of the Lord." Culturally, it referred to groups of Christ-followers or homes where they met, but in the Bible, the word is translated as the possessive "Lord's" and never refers to people or a group. Instead, 1 Corinthians 11:20 uses it to refer to the "Lord's Supper", and Revelation 1:10 uses to it identify the "Lord's day". The word in the Bible most often translated as "church" is the Greek ekklesia, which means any gathering of people. When Jesus said, "…on this rock I will build my church…" (Matthew 16:18), He was actually saying He would build His gathering of people.
The Greek ekklesia is used interchangeably of both local congregations and the body of believers as a whole. The difference is found in the context.
Often in the Bible "church" refers to a local congregation of believers.
Revelation 2—3: In the letters to the churches, the comments are addressed to specific churches in identified towns.
Romans 16:5; 1 Corinthians 16:19; Colossians 4:15; Philemon 1:2: Whenever a church is mentioned in affiliation with someone's home, it refers to a local congregation.
Acts 8:1; 1 Corinthians 1:2; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Galatians 1:2; etc.: When a church is identified with a city or a region, the word refers to local bodies of believers within that region.
"Church" is used the same way today. The local church is a specific body that meets in a designated place and can be comprised of believers and regularly attending non-believers. Our duties to the local church include regular attendance, respect for the leadership, and financial support. It is important for a believer to attend a local church because that is where biblical teaching, serving, and spiritual growth most often occur. The local church is also known as the "church family."
At other times, "church" in the Bible means the group consisting of every Christ-follower.
Matthew 16:18; Acts 9:31; Ephesians 1:22-23; Colossians 1:18: In reference to Jesus' church, this includes all believers everywhere.
Acts 8:3; 1 Corinthians 15:9; Galatians 1:13; Philippians 3:6: When Paul persecuted the "church," he persecuted believers wherever he could find them from Jerusalem (Acts 8:1) to Damascus (Acts 9:1-20).
1 Corinthians 5:12; 10:32; 12:28; 14:12; Ephesians 5:23-24; 1 Timothy 3:5, 7, 15: When Paul gives instruction to "the church," he is often referring to the body of believers as a whole.
Today, we have the same distinction. The church universal includes every believer in the world, no matter what denomination, and excludes every non-believer even if they go to a Bible-teaching church. Our responsibilities to the universal church include prayer, support, and not causing division because of minor theological differences. It's important to note that the church universal may include individuals who go to local congregations that do not teach the true gospel.
The "church," whether local or universal, is a group of people seeking God. At no time in the Bible does "church" refer to a building. Despite the money, time, and attention we pay to structures, the true church is people.
What is the definition of the church?
What was God's purpose in establishing the church?
Is church attendance important?
Is there one true church? Which one is it?
Should a Christian be involved in the ecumenical movement?
Truth about Church | <urn:uuid:a5f976a3-29dd-445e-87f9-c39d60620a6c> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.compellingtruth.org/universal-local-church.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010451932/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305090731-00028-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954652 | 824 | 2.75 | 3 |
One of the world's most respected texts on autism is to be translated into Hindi and published in India. Currently over one million people in India are thought to be affected by autism.
The new translation of the book -- Parents' Education as Autism Therapists -- will provide a useful introduction to Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) for parents and professionals working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in India.
The book's co-editor is Dr Karola Dillenburger from Queen's University Belfast's School of Education, who is also ABA consultant at the Applied Behaviour Academy in Bangalore.
ABA is the application of the science of behaviour analysis to socially relevant behaviours. When used for individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ABA-based treatments are individually tailored, child centered, and can produce remarkable results.
Dr Dillenburger said: "There are over 1 billion people in India and, at a conservative estimate, approximately one in 150 people are affected by autism. The key to effective treatment is to diagnose the condition as early as possible and provide early intensive behavioural intervention based on ABA. For the past four decades, ABA has provided a basis for effective treatment across the world, and now this book will help parents in India who want to become educated as ABA therapists for their own children.
"Aimed at enhancing people's lives in ways that they or their carers feel are important, ABA forms that scientific bases for a wide range of methods and techniques to promote a full range of skills. It can help break down barriers to learning that isolate individuals diagnosed with autism, allow them to reach their full potential, and consequently enhances inclusion."
The translation of the book into Hindi, alongside the translation of Simple Steps, an innovative multi-media guide to ABA, has been organised by Smita Awasthi, President of the Association for Behavior Analysis in India, who is an external research student at Queen's. Following her first visit to Belfast in January, Smita said: "I thoroughly enjoyed my time in Belfast. I am impressed with the commitment of professionals and parents to bring evidence-based interventions based on the science of ABA to families affected by autism."
Currently being translated, the Hindi edition of Parents' Education as Autism Therapists will be available from October 2012. SIMPLE STEPS: The multimedia ABA Autism Training Box will also be translated into Hindi.
Further information is available at: http://www.peatni.org
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Achieving “net zero carbon” in a power generation system
SHOWA DENKO K.K.
With regard to our own thermal electric power generation system, we will introduce a most-advanced high-efficiency gas-turbine cogeneration system as a first step. We will aim to improve total energy efficiency and switch to fuels with lower CO2 emission per unit calorific value, thereby challenging ourselves to realize a “low carbon” power generation system.
As a second step, we will aim at realizing a “net zero carbon” system by introducing mixed combustion, using carbon-free fuels such as ammonia, as well as a carbon recycling system, including CCU.
In its specific action plan for innovative technologies to be established by 2050, the Japanese government proposes, in the area of energy conversion, to use renewable energy (solar, geothermal and wind) as main electric power sources.
Meanwhile, chemical plants have their own thermal electric power generation facilities to efficiently provide both electric power and steam (heat) through combination of a boiler and a steam turbine.
In line with the government’s plan to promote de-carbonization in the area of energy conversion, Showa Denko aims to shift to electrification as much as possible. With regard to demand for steam (heat), however, we will aim to establish a high-efficiency and carbon-free system with a good balance between steam and electricity.
Therefore, as a first step toward realizing decarbonized society, we will introduce a high-efficiency gas-turbine cogeneration system to improve total energy efficiency and switch to fuels with lower CO2 emission per unit calorific value.
Specifically, we will effectively use process off-gas from a gas turbine by expanding its fuel-application scope and realize high-efficiency facilities by promoting joint development with equipment makers. We will also enhance total energy efficiency by resolving the issue of recovering heat from exhaust gas in a low-temperature range. Thus, in addition to higher efficiency through the switch from condensate-pump-based power generation to a cogeneration system, we will be able to substantially reduce CO2 emissions by changing fuel from solids to gas. We will measure the effect of our system in reducing environmental burden by introducing in-house carbon pricing.
As a second step, we will further enhance total energy efficiency by fully utilizing exhaust heat. Furthermore, we will aim at realizing a “net zero carbon” system in the future by introducing mixed combustion, using carbon-free fuels such as ammonia, as well as a carbon recycling system, including CCU.
When Step 2 is realized, we will be able to reduce our Group’s GHG emissions in Japan by about 40%. As this step involves cost- and technology-related difficult issues, we will work hard, taking into account the progress of technological development and conducting demonstration experiments in cooperation with academia and the government.
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Achieve 2050 decarbonization target with Net Zero Energy House!
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Bibb County was created by the Alabama Territorial Legislature on February 7, 1818. It was one of the first thirteen counties to be added to the seven already existing when Alabama was still a part of the Mississippi Territory. Originally, it was called Cahaba (spelled Cahawba for many years) to preserve the name given it by the Choctaw Indians, Oka Aba. On December 4, 1820, the State Legislature renamed it in honor of the late Governor William Wyatt Bibb. As it was then constituted, it contained much of what is now the southern part of Shelby County and the western part of Chilton County. Its present area is 625 square miles. | <urn:uuid:22e99ceb-52ce-49be-9f6d-656a83eb7e86> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.bibbal.com/Default.asp?ID=5&pg=History | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982292330.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195812-00289-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979216 | 140 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Machine learning relies on supervised learning, which uses labeled training data. However unsupervised learning, which uses unlabeled training data, can supplement supervised learning, and improve ML system performance.
Unsupervised learning uses unlabeled training samples to model basic characteristics of an ML system’s input data. These characteristics can be a useful starting point for supervised learning, and they can be used to extrapolate what is learned from labeled training data.
Modeling Input Data
An ML system’s input data, n-dimensional vectors of measurements, form a collection of points in n-dimensional measurement space. Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique that sorts these points according to proximity in measurement space. The example on the left shows data in a two-dimensional measurement space sorted into three clusters.
Clustering does not require training data labels, and it is widely used in unsupervised learning applications today. It can be accomplished using either stand-alone algorithms such as the k-means algorithm, or by optimizing parameters as part of an ML system.
Clustering is a very useful way to model input data. As shown by the dotted lines in the example above, clustering partitions the measurement space into regions associated with each cluster. After unlabeled training data is clustered, a new input data point can be assigned to one of the clusters. This assignment to a cluster, or embedding, brings with it information about similarities with other data points that can be quite useful to subsequent supervised learning.
Let’s look at two applications that use clustering to improve supervised learning.
Semi-supervised learning combines unsupervised and supervised learning by using a relatively small labeled training set together with a larger unlabeled training set. The labeled set provides initial training that is used to infer labels for the unlabeled data, which then can refine training.
A recently developed approach to semi-supervised learning is Local Label Propagation (LLP), which has been applied to image recognition. LLP trains simultaneously on both labeled and unlabeled training samples, using the architecture shown below.
Input images are initially processed through a standard convolutional neural network (ConvNet, in this case ResNet). The ConvNet output is then processed by a second network that is trained to produce two outputs: an embedding vector, that creates clusters in a reduced dimensionality space, and an image class label.
Training is a repeated two-step process. First known labels are ‘propagated’ to unlabeled data based on cluster proximity, creating pseudolabels. Then the parameters of the system are updated to minimize a loss function that rewards statistically consistent clusters and high confidence in pseudolabels. This parameter update changes the location of unlabeled data points in the embedding, so the process starts again with a new set of pseudolabels. This is repeated until training converges to a desired loss function value.
The LLP system was tested on the ImageNet benchmark. Using a training set where only 10% of the samples were labeled, it was able to achieve 88.53% top-5 accuracy on the test set. This is in contrast to an 80.43% accuracy obtained by supervised training based on the same labeled samples.
Self-supervised learning uses unlabeled training samples to pre-train an ML system, which is then further trained using labeled training samples. A recent example is the SElf-supERvised (SEER) model, which has been applied to image recognition.
Like the LLP example above, the SEER system uses a ConvNet (in this case RegNet) and learns embeddings to map ConvNet outputs to clusters. However rather than use clusters to assign labels to unlabeled data, SEER exploits a basic property of image recognition: an ML system should recognize different viewpoints of an object as the same object.
SEER does this by learning embeddings that assign multiple views of the same image to the same cluster. These multiple views are produced using data augmentation, where an original image is modified such as shown on the right. This learning can be unsupervised because it does not depend on knowing the object’s label. And because it is unsupervised, it can take advantage of the almost unlimited number of images on the internet.
A 1.3 billion parameter SEER system was pre-trained using one billion randomly selected, unlabeled images from the internet. The pre-trained system was then further trained using labeled training samples from ImageNet. Performance on ImageNet test data showed that pre-training with randomly selected images allowed SEER to consistently outperform previous pre-trained systems.
Takeaway: Unlabeled Data Can Sometimes Supplement Labeled Data
Unsupervised learning can discover basic input data characteristics that can be useful in supervised learning. This can be used to enrich labeled training data with unlabeled data, if the labeled data is sufficiently representative of the combined data, so that cluster proximity yields valid label assignments.
Unsupervised learning can also be used in conjunction with training data augmentation, to create embeddings that preserve invariance over multiple appearances of the same object. This can be applied not only to image recognition from multiple viewpoints, but also, for example, to recognizing audio samples with different types of background noise. | <urn:uuid:cf6615b1-b310-4dd6-90c1-d380538db66b> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://imerit.net/blog/machine-learning-with-unlabeled-training-data-all-pbm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943749.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322020215-20230322050215-00602.warc.gz | en | 0.913625 | 1,112 | 3.109375 | 3 |
RESEARCH - Raising Rural Speeds Also Raised Collision Numbers
Some sections of rural highways in British Columbia saw an increase in the posted speed limit in 2014 following a provincial government review which included a poll of the population. Within two years some of these increases were rolled back due to rising collision rates. Today a research report released by academics from the University of British Columbia evaluates the effect that the initial speed increases have had since they were implemented.
From the document's abstract:
Control of vehicle speed is a central tenet of the safe systems approach to road safety.
Most research shows that raising speed limits results in more injuries. Advocates of higher speed limits argue that this conclusion is based on older research, that traffic fatalities are decreasing despite higher speed limits, and that modern vehicles are able to safely travel at higher speeds. These arguments were used to justify raising speed limits on rural highways in British Columbia, Canada (July 2014).
We used an interrupted time series approach to evaluate the impact of these speed limit increases on fatal crashes, auto-insurance claims, and ambulance dispatches for road trauma.
Events were mapped to affected road segments (with increased speed limits) and to nearby road segments (within 5 km of an affected segment). Separate linear regression models were fitted for each outcome and road segment group. Models included gasoline sales to account for changes in vehicle travel.
Our main findings were significant increases in
(i) total insurance claims (43.0%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 16.0–76.4%),
(ii) injury claims (30.0%; 95% CI = 9.5–54.2%), and
(iii) fatal crashes (118.0; 95% CI = 10.9–225.1%) on affected road segments.
Nearby segments had a 25.7% increase in insurance claims (95% CI = 16.1–36.1%). | <urn:uuid:c10292ea-8195-418d-b666-4e6b25b80009> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.drivesmartbc.ca/collisions/research-raising-rural-speeds-also-raised-collision-numbers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662521041.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518021247-20220518051247-00708.warc.gz | en | 0.958688 | 401 | 2.890625 | 3 |
I was talking about this the other day with a long-time conservationist. Sandy, a monster hurricane whipped up by human emissions, makes a direct hit on Gotham. What more do you want to make the message clear that global warming is here and it’s real and it’s us ? But what do New Yorkers do ? Clean up and repair the damage and put it behind them, like the horror of 9/11. And Sandy is the climax of a year in which some 33,000 heat records are shattered around the country. There a big new report on the many ways global warming is changing U.S. Daily. Here’s some press on it :
Report says warming is changing US daily life
By SETH BORENSTEIN | Associated Press – Fri, Jan 11, 2013
WASHINGTON (AP) — Global warming is already changing America from sea to rising sea and is affecting how Americans live, a massive new federally commissioned report says.
A special panel of scientists convened by the government issued Friday a 1,146-page draft report that details in dozens of ways how climate change is already disrupting the health, homes and other facets of daily American life. It warns that those disruptions will increase in the future.
“Climate change affects everything that you do,” said report co-author Susan Cutter, director of the Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute at the University of South Carolina. “It affects where you live, where you work and where you play and the infrastructure that you need to do all these things. It’s more than just the polar bears.”
The blunt report takes a global environmental issue and explains what it means for different U.S. regions, for various sectors of the economy and for future generations.
The National Climate Assessment doesn’t say what should be done about global warming. White House science adviser John Holdren writes that it will help leaders, regulators, city planners and even farmers figure out what to do to cope with coming changes.
And climate change is more than hotter temperatures, the report said.
“Human-induced climate change means much more than just hotter weather,” the report says, listing rising-seas, downpours, melting glaciers and permafrost, and worsening storms. “These changes and other climatic changes have affected and will continue to affect human health, water supply, agriculture, transportation, energy, and many other aspects of society.”
The report uses the word “threat” or variations of it 198 times and versions of the word “disrupt” another 120 times.
If someone were to list every aspect of life changed or likely to be altered from global warming, it would easily be more than 100, said two of the report’s authors.
The report, written by team of 240 scientists, is required every four years by law. The first report was written in 2000. No report was issued while George W. Bush was president. The next one came out in 2009. This report, paid for by the federal government, is still a draft and not officially a government report yet. Officials are seeking public comments for the next three months.
“There is so much that is already happening today,” said study co-author Katharine Hayhoe, director of the Climate Science Center at Texas Tech University. “This is no longer a future issue. It’s an issue that is staring us in the face today”
This version of the report is far more blunt and confident in its assessments than previous ones, Hayhoe said: “The bluntness reflects the increasing confidence we have” in the science and day-to-day realities of climate change.
The report emphasizes that man-made global warming is doing more than just altering the environment we live in, it’s a threat to our bodies, homes, offices, roads, airports, power plants, water systems and farms.
“Climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways, including impacts from increased extreme weather events, wildfire, decreased air quality, diseases transmitted by insects, food and water, and threats to mental health,” the report said.
“Climate change and its impacts threaten the well-being of urban residents in all 13 regions of the U.S.,” the report said. “Essential local and regional infrastructure systems such as water, energy supply, and transportation will increasingly be compromised by interrelated climate change impacts.”
For example, the report details 13 airports that have runways that could be inundated by rising sea level. It mentions that thawing Alaskan ground means 50 percent less time to drill for oil. And overall it says up to $6.1 billion in repairs need to be made to Alaskan roads, pipelines, sewer systems, buildings and airports to keep up with global warming.
Sewer systems across America may overflow more, causing damages and fouling lakes and waterways because of climate change, the report said. The sewer overflows into Lake Michigan alone will more than double by the year 2100, the report said.
While warmer weather may help some crops, others will be hurt because of “weeds, diseases, insect pests and other climate change-induced stresses,” the report said. It said weeds like kudzu do better with warmer weather and are far more likely to spread north.
“Several populations – including children, the elderly, the sick, the poor, tribes and other indigenous people – are especially vulnerable to one or more aspects of climate change,” the report said.
And yet many Americans still don’t get it. They’re like ostriches sticking their heads in the sand in the currently broiling outback down under. Like alcoholics who keep on drinking even though they know it is killing them. We’re not a stupid people. What’s going on here ? I ask the conservationist, and he says there a video on Youtube of Bill Moyers talking with a guy who has the American population broken down to 15% believers in global warming, 15% non-believers, and the rest not sure, don’t know and don’t care, etc.. The deniers are largely religious fundamentalists who are heavily subsidized by the Republicans, who want to cast doubt on global warming as long as possible, so they can keep getting rich from burning fossil fuel. Just like the tobacco industry, I say. The social psychology of this societal denial is also very interesting. The lines in Genesis that it’s all there for us, the foules of the air, the fish in the sea, to conquer and consume so we can be fruitful and multiply. The idea that won the West that a tree that’s left standing, a river that isn’t dammed, wasting the asset. Also, as T.S. Eliot put it, “humankind cannot bear too much reality.” That could be in play. And just plain ignorance. That’s an underacknowledged factor in the behavior of many cultures. For many people, the whole notion that we are slowly roasting in a microwave of our own making is overwhelming, for others it is still too hypothetical– the memory of an extreme event, most of which only last a week or so– is too short for the implications to sink in. Others suffer from disaster fatigue, which causes us to shut down on all kinds of large-scale horrors, the ethnocide of Tibet and the continuing destruction of rainforests around the world being ready examples. We know about these things, we tried to do something about them, but they’re still going on and there’s nothing we can do about them, so we stop caring and focus on contributing in our local community or whatever, something with more tangible results.
The basic concept of the greenhouse effect is not rocket science : putting all this carbon dioxide and methane is trapping the solar radiation reflected off the earth and heating up the atmosphere, and when you heat the atmosphere as we’re doing with all the factory and power plant and exhaust fumes and forest fire smoke we’re pouring up into it is like heating water : it becomes more turbulent. Hence the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Australia is currently a blast furnace, with temperatures of 105-110 degrees and fires like it’s never seen. Brook Thorpe, our intrepid Kiwi intern who got Last Look Books off the ground and did all kinds of other great things for DVW, emailed on Jan. from Sydney, where he is working for a conference and event-management company :
“The hair feels so thick, and heavy above 40 degrees Celsius (which it passed yesterday in Sydney) its almost hard to breathe. Record setting temperatures of 50 degrees are being recorded in central australia, fueling fires in some parts (tasmania, and victoria). A relative told me, three of her friends lost their houses in Tasmania to the fires. Walking home from work in the overwhelming heat on Tuesday( in sydney), I couldn’t help but wonder : so this is what “climate change” feels like? I hope not, its quite uncomfortable for people like me ( without an aircon). Although. The heat didn’t stop the tennis players in (some competiton) poor buggers!”
The Amazon, the dehydration of the rainforest by the El Nino-like warming event in the tropical North Atlantic and its degradation and savannification, the subject of my 2007 Vanity Fair piece ( Dispatch #41: The Dehydration of the Amazon Rainforest Part1 and Part 2), is already happening. Here’s an article in the Guardian :
Amazon showing signs of degradation due to climate change, Nasa warns
Rainforest area twice the size of California experiencing drought rate that is unprecedented in a century, study shows
Jonathan Watts, Latin America correspondent
- guardian.co.uk, Friday 18 January 2013 16.33 GMT
A team of scientists led by the agency found that an area twice the size of California continues to suffer from a mega-drought that began eight years ago.
With little time for the trees to recover between what the authors describe as a “double whammy”, 70m hectares of forest have been severely affected, the analysis of 10 years of satellite microwave radar data revealed.
The data showed a widespread change in the canopy due to the dieback of branches, especially among the older, larger trees that are most vulnerable because they provide the shelter for other vegetation.
“We had expected the forest canopy to bounce back after a year with a new flush of leaf growth, but the damage appeared to persist right up to the subsequent drought in 2010,” said study co-author Yadvinder Malhi of Oxford University.
The Amazon is experiencing a drought rate that is unprecedented in a century, said the agency. Even before 2005, water availability had been shrinking steadily for more than 10 years, which made the trees more vulnerable. Between 2005 and 2010, localised dry spells added to the problem.
The leader of the research team, Sassan Saatchi of Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said forests will find it increasingly difficult to recover if climate change makes droughts more frequent and severe.
“This may alter the structure and function of Amazonian rainforest ecosystems,” he warned.
Although the speed of forest clearance has slowed, the Amazon continues to shrink in area. The latest study suggests the quality as well as the quantity of forest is declining due to extreme climate conditions.
At left, the extent of the 2005 megadrought in the western Amazon rainforests during the summer months of June, July and August as measured by Nasa satellites. The most impacted areas are shown in shades of red and yellow. The circled area in the right panel shows the extent of the forests that experienced slow recovery from the 2005 drought, with areas in red and yellow shades experiencing the slowest recovery. Photograph: GSFC/JPL-Caltech/Nasa
And so global warming and its denial continue, with ever more ghastly effects. As Paul Ehrlich, one of the first scientists to raise the alarm about what we are doing to our earthly home, is fond of saying, denial ain’t just a river in Egypt. | <urn:uuid:ba81b5b7-2f6d-4ce8-b128-3380ca20751e> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | http://www.dispatchesfromthevanishingworld.com/global-warming-and-the-social-psychology-of-denial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039388763.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420091336-20210420121336-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.946922 | 2,572 | 2.515625 | 3 |
You do not have to invest into things like electric cars to make this possible.
Shade your windows from the sun to prevent energy usage. You can do this by putting up blinds or curtains. Both of these adjustments can help you cut back on using the air conditioner, since your house will remain cooler. This means that you will save energy as well as money.
Wear natural fabrics in the summertime instead of using the air conditioner during summer months. Wear lighter colors tend to make you warm and cause you will be likelier to turn on the air conditioner.
Cover your windows when no one is at home. This keeps your home cooler naturally, reducing the strain on your air conditioner and saving energy. Typically, windows that face south are positioned so that they receive the most sun. Dark curtains, roller or roman shades can cover windows well.
The government has set up several incentive programs to help consumers switch to renewable energies. Check with the local government and see what type of programs are available to you. You may qualify for a free installation of solar power at little to no cost.
One thing you might consider is heating your water with solar water heaters. If you live in a region that is not at risk for freezing, it is possible to install a system that pumps water into a solar heater, then pumps it into your house. However, you should still have a traditional water heater as backup for times when the sun won’t come out or if you’re going to be using a lot of hot water.
Be a better consumer of energy, and unplug electric chargers for all devices that don’t need immediate charging.Chargers for devices like phones, music players, laptops and other devices draw some power when they are plugged in, even if you aren’t charging anything.
When not using things, turn them off. For example, if you are not in a certain room, turn off the lights, TV or computer. A power strip is an easy way to turn off multiple appliances at once, so consider placing one in a conspicuous place where many electronics are located.
Are you the owner of a farm owner?If you have a lot of land, you can rent some property to energy companies for installing wind turbines.
Save on water heating costs by using solar energy. Consider investing in a hot-water system that runs off of solar energy. There are direct circulation systems and indirect ones. If frozen pipes are a concern where you live, the indirect option is probably better.
Wash your clothes with cold water. Almost 90 percent of the consumed energy used to wash clothes is used to heat the water. If your detergent is decent, you should have no problems using cold water.
Take time out to properly inspect your refrigerator. Refrigerators constantly use energy to maintain cooler temperatures. If it is not properly cared for, it will use much more energy than it needs to. Make dusting the coils part of your weekly cleaning routine. In addition to that, make the seal near the door clean and tight.
Many systems allow a switch to some level of biodiesel or modifications.
Replace a water heater that is tank-style, with a model that is green and has no tank. Even though these green versions of water heaters still use electricity or gas, they only need it to warm the water you’re using instead of heating it at all times. You can purchase a tankless heater for a faucet or your whole home.
Use window coverings when you’re not home. This helps to keep your house cool and your energy use. Try to cover the windows using coverings like roman shades, such as shades or darker, and dark curtains.
There are many renewable energy rebates offered by the government, so be aware of them. Sometimes, you will find that a local utility company can give a rebate for the total price of the upgrades. Tax deductions are also available from the government, sometimes. These credits and rebates will ultimately cut your costs of bringing green energy technology to your house.
Consider solar water heaters to make your home. If you live somewhere where you don’t have to be concerned with temperatures that are freezing, purchase a system that puts the water in a solar heater prior to coming to your home. However, consider that you may still need a traditional heater if you will be using a great deal of hot water, or if the sun does not come out.
Don’t turn up the heat very high. If you’re chilly, add a layer of clothing, such as a sweatshirt and some sweatpants. Higher levels of heat use a lot of excess energy!
Only using the dishwasher when it is completely full. Don’t run it when there are a few dishes. You’ll be shocked at how many dishes it can load.
Create written reminders of your goals regarding energy efficiency, and compare your utility bills to those of the previous year to determine whether you are making positive steps. You can reduce your energy use just by being aware of what you are spending. For instance, if your stated goal is to reduce your consumption of electricity and water, you are more apt to remember to turn off the lights and shut off the faucet when not using them.
Solar energy is a great way to get hot water. Consider a hot-water system that runs off of solar water heater. You can choose from a direct circulation system or indirect one. Indirect is best choice if you have frozen pipes during the winter.
A home heating alternative to be considered is biofuel. These fuels use fats, wood or oil to create energy. If you have a propane furnace, sometimes a technician can make modifications to enable you to use a blend of different fuels. That would be around 20-99% biodiesel. Schedule a consultation with a professional prior to making the switch to biofuels in your home.
Take time to maintain your refrigerator. Refrigerators use a large amount of energy, and keeping it in good condition ensures this energy footprint is as low as it can be. Make dusting the coils periodically. Make sure the door seals are clean and tight.
If you really want to take a bit out of your fuel consumption, try making more extensive use of carpools, even to destinations other than the office. Kids can also form carpools to school by alternating parents days. Also, create a joint grocery shopping day with friends or family.
Changing your furnace’s filter, using light bulbs that are energy efficient and using programmable thermostat are simple ways to conserve energy at home. Show your family how to go green, so that everyone will know how simple going green is. Remember the tips you have read here, and start implementing them into your household today.
The number of lights that are left on, or appliances that are run half full is astounding. Just by making some simple mindset alterations, a large amount of money can be saved in energy costs. Think before you act, and turn things off when not using them. | <urn:uuid:dadeb41d-de46-4c4e-9c10-44f15d4bc679> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://whatcausesglobalwarming.net/green-energy-solutions-anyone-can-benefit-from-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060882.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928184203-20210928214203-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.940647 | 1,459 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Now, for the first time, The U.S. Department of Agriculture* is talking about truly good foods, rather than just scientifically discuss nutrients. In the new edition, the guidelines’ healthy eating patterns may or may not include moderate amounts of meat. The guidelines explain clearly that near-vegetarian and vegetarian diets are adequate and have even resulted in better health.
In studies of adults, compared to non-vegetarian eating patterns, vegetarian-style eating patterns have been associated with improved health outcomes–lower levels of obesity, a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and lower total mortality. Several clinical trials have documented that vegetarian eating patterns lower blood pressure. On average, vegetarians consume a lower proportion of calories from fat (particularly saturated fatty acids); fewer overall calories; and more fiber, potassium and vitamin C than do non-vegetarians. Vegetarians generally have a lower body mass index.
“These characteristics and other lifestyle factors associated with a vegetarian diet may contribute to the positive health outcomes that have been identified among vegetarians.”
*Every five years the U.S. Dept of Agriculture announces dietary guidelines advising Americans about how to eat; “Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010″.
Cathy for Health
Arbonne Health for Natural Skin and Beauty Products, Natural Nutrition and Weight Management Products that are botanically based and inspired by nature and vegan certified.
Healthy Martin website is designed to assist persons and organizations for natural health, alternative health, holistic health in Martin County – Stuart, Palm City, Jensen Beach, Hobe Sound, Palm Beach County – Jupiter FL, North Palm Beach, Palm Beach Gardens, West Palm Beach, the Palm Beaches and the Treasure Coast of Florida to find healthy alternatives. We encourage health organizations and alternative health businesses to use this website to help promote natural, holistic, organic and alternative health lifestyle choices to America. | <urn:uuid:aae1faf9-e197-4109-9631-4388c4ab1b07> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://healthymartin.com/2012/02/10/usda-praises-plant-based-diets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997894289.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025814-00146-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922436 | 383 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Everyone gets a stomachache or a bout of diarrhea now and then. But for some people, stomachaches are a regular occurrence.
If you're one of these people and you often feel bloated, have gas-like pains that are relieved when you go to the bathroom, or if you're sometimes constipated and then just as quickly find yourself coping with diarrhea, you may have an intestinal disorder called irritable bowel syndrome.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a somewhat baffling yet common intestinal disorder that affects the colon (the large intestine). The colon's main function is to absorb water and nutrients from partially digested food. Anything that is not absorbed is slowly moved through the colon toward the rectum and out of the body as waste in the form of feces (also called stool).
Muscles in the colon work to get rid of the body's waste products by contracting and relaxing as they push the undigested food through the large intestine. These muscles must also work together with other muscles in the body to push the waste out of the anus. If the muscles in the colon don't work at the right speed for proper digestion or if the coordination with muscles in the rectum or pelvis is somehow interrupted, the contents of the colon are not able to move along smoothly. When this happens, a person can feel the abdominal cramps, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea that may be signs of IBS.
A lot of teens have IBS — it's estimated that between 6% and 14% of all adolescents have symptoms of IBS, which appears to affect more girls than guys.
The good news is that although IBS can be uncomfortable, embarrassing, and even downright painful for some people, it's not life threatening. And, unlike other digestive conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, IBS doesn't carry a risk of permanent damage to the intestines.
The symptoms of IBS are usually recurring (meaning that a person will have bouts of symptoms on an ongoing basis rather than just once or twice a year). People with IBS often notice their symptoms flare up at certain times — for some people it's whenever they eat a large meal, for others it may be when they're under a lot of pressure or stress. Some girls notice that they get symptoms of IBS around the time of their periods.
The primary symptom of IBS is pain or discomfort (bloating, etc.) in the abdomen. Of course, if you have a stomachache, gas, or bloating once in a while, it doesn't mean you have IBS.
People with IBS have at least two of the following symptoms:
Because IBS is a problem with the colon, and the colon removes water from unprocessed food waste, it's common for people with the condition to be constipated or have diarrhea. Constipation occurs when waste matter remains in a person's colon for too long so that too much water is absorbed, making the stool unusually hard and difficult to pass. If the muscles in the colon move the contents along too fast, though, the colon doesn't have a chance to remove enough fluid, so the person gets diarrhea.
No one knows exactly what causes IBS, although it tends to run in families.
A prior infectious illness (such as gastroenteritis) may increase a person’s risk of developing IBS. Exposure to a bacterial or viral infection can cause inflammation that can alter function of the gastrointestinal system.
Stress can also play a part in IBS. Stress can accelerate your colon and slow your stomach. Stressful feelings also can be a trigger for IBS — a problem because growing up, going to school, and being a teen aren't exactly stress-free experiences.
Foods can also be a trigger, but this is hard to predict. For example, a high-fat diet may bother some, but not others. Eating big meals and spicy foods often cause problems, as do caffeinated drinks (coffee or soda), alcohol, milk and milk products, and grains like wheat, barley, or rye. Some of these foods are linked to other digestive conditions like lactose intolerance or celiac disease, though, so it's important to see a doctor if you think a particular food is causing digestive problems.
Certain medications, like antibiotics, can trigger IBS symptoms in people who have the disorder.
There is no specific test to diagnose IBS. Doctors usually diagnose the syndrome based on a physical exam and a patient's symptoms. For example, if someone has had abdominal pain for more than 12 weeks out of the previous year (not necessarily 12 weeks in a row), it's a sign to a doctor that IBS may be a possibility.
To diagnose the problem, a doctor will probably ask how often you have stomach or gas pain, whether you're ever constipated or have diarrhea, and if so, how long these problems last. He or she may ask questions about your bathroom habits, such as whether your bowel movements are regular, what your stools look like, and whether you ever feel like you need to have a bowel movement but then can't.
It may feel embarrassing or even silly to answer these questions, but learning as much as possible about your symptoms will help the doctor diagnose what's going on.
In addition to doing a physical examination, the doctor will ask you about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues. This is called the medical history. You may need to ask a parent or other adult for some information.
Although there's no test for IBS, a doctor may send a patient for tests to make sure the symptoms aren't being caused by other problems.
There's no cure for IBS. But there ways to take control of IBS symptoms. Here are some of the things that doctors recommend:
Your doctor will have suggestions on what might work for you. You also can keep a food diary so you can see if certain foods and events seem to trigger your IBS symptoms. Record what you eat, what symptoms you have, and when they occur.
Teens with IBS are just like everyone else! However, if you're living with IBS, you may feel wary of anything that could trigger symptoms — even otherwise fun events like playing in a championship game or going out for a fancy dinner before the prom.
Learning more about the disorder and what triggers your own symptoms is the first step to taking action. You can then do what you need to take care of yourself, whether that's reducing stress by talking over problems with a school counselor or therapist, or watching out for spicy food when you're at the mall with friends.
Reviewed by: J. Fernando del Rosario, MD
Date reviewed: May 2013
|North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) NASPGHAN works to help children and adolescents with digestive disorders.|
|Celiac Disease People who have celiac disease, a disorder that makes their bodies react to gluten, can't eat certain kinds of foods. Find out more - including what foods are safe and where to find them.|
|Gastrointestinal Infections and Diarrhea Nearly everybody gets diarrhea every once in a while, and it's usually caused by gastrointestinal infections. It's nothing to be embarrassed about. Read this article to learn more.|
|Eating Well While Eating Out We all know the importance of eating well. But how are you supposed to do so when your schedule is so demanding you're never at home? Find out how to make healthy food choices on the go.|
|Digestive System Most people think digestion begins when you first put food in your mouth. But the digestive process actually starts even before the food hits your taste buds.|
|Ulcers Doctors once thought that stress, spicy foods, and alcohol caused most stomach ulcers. But ulcers are actually caused by a particular bacterial infection, by certain medications, or from smoking. Read all about ulcers.|
|Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Gastroesophageal reflux disease doesn't just affect old people who eat too much while watching TV. Active, healthy teens can have GERD too.|
|Lactose Intolerance If you have lactose intolerance, you're not alone. Millions of Americans have the condition. Check out these tips on dealing with lactose intolerance.|
|Constipation Constipation is a very common problem that usually happens because a person's diet doesn't include enough fluids and fiber. In most cases, making simple changes can help you feel better.|
|Inflammatory Bowel Disease Just like other organs in your body, the intestines can develop problems or diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is an ongoing illness caused by an inflammation of the intestines.|
What to expect when coming to Akron Children's
For healthcare providers and nurses
Residency & Fellowships, Medical Students, Nursing and Allied Health
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Our online community that provides inspirational stories and helpful information. | <urn:uuid:104ec16d-c898-46e1-9d92-5221f28304dd> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/kidshealth/309e4ef175b59578/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277091.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00214-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954916 | 1,891 | 2.890625 | 3 |
As air freight and passenger volumes grow, new investment in airport infrastructure assets represents a fresh source of opportunity.
Airport infrastructure, together with the airlines that it serves, plays a vital role in facilitating economic growth and connecting communities around the world. Today, airport demand and passenger volumes continue to increase globally, fuelled by rising incomes, falling airfare prices and growing air freight volumes.
Why are airports considered infrastructure?
First, they're essential to the proper functioning of society. Imagine life without air travel! As air travel has become more ubiquitous, airports have grown even more essential, facilitating:
- Business interactions
- Visiting family and friends
- Movement of cargo and freight
Second, cash flows are predictable, typically as a result of inelastic demand combined with pricing power within a strong legal framework. Additionally, airports generally face minimal competition, either within their catchment area (most cities only have one major airport), or from other modes of transport, such as rail or road.
As such, airports typically have:
- Strong pricing power -- given the lack of competition and high barriers to entry, namely regulation, safety and large capital investment.
- Relatively inelastic demand -- given they provide an essential function with little competition.
How do airports derive their income?
Airport operations and the services they provide can be best understood by considering their various revenue streams. Airport revenues can be split into two main revenue streams:
1. Aeronautical revenues: This revenue stream is typically earned as a fee per passenger and aircraft size for the use of the runways, terminals and associated infrastructure.
2. Commercial, non-aeronautical revenues: This revenue stream is collected by the airport owing to their status as landlord across various activities such as:
- Shop rentals
- Car parking operations
- Building rentals, including car rental, cargo, office space and catering operations.
What are the key risks airports face?
Passenger shocks such as health epidemics (SARS), terrorism, environmental obstruction (volcanic ash clouds), airline bankruptcy, regulatory changes and increased competition are typically the major risks that airports face.
As it relates to competition, not all airports are equal, with a key consideration being what proportion of passengers are Origin & Destination (O&D), versus transfer passengers. Some airports are predominantly used by transfer passengers and are more exposed to the risk of an airline moving its hub operations to another airport. For example, at Frankfurt airport approximately 60% of its passengers are transfer passengers whereas virtually all Sydney Airport passengers are O&D.
How are airports regulated?
As airports have monopolistic characteristics, they tend to be subject to economic regulation to ensure prices are not excessive.
In general, economic regulation applies to either:
- Aeronautical and commercial activities. This is referred to as “single till” regulation and limits the ability for the airport to earn excess returns or benefit significantly from strong passenger growth. In this case, airport prices and the resulting returns are driven by the allowed return on capital set by the regulator and the size of the asset base.
- Aeronautical activities only. This is referred to as “dual till” where one till is regulated (aeronautical) and the other till is non-regulated (commercial). This enables airports to earn higher return on the non-regulated portion of the business and to capture economic benefits of strong passenger growth. Conversely, dual till operations are also more exposed to the risk of passenger shocks.
Economic regulation is defined by each country and often applies only to the largest airports within the country. However, economic regulation tends to be similar across regions, with predominant regional regulatory approaches being:
- Australia / NZ: Dual till and light-handed. For instance, aeronautical prices are monitored but not controlled.
- Asia: Dual till with quasi-government regulation.
- Europe: Semi-dual till. For instance, some commercial revenue streams such as car parking are included in the regulation.
- UK: Heathrow is single till regulated. For instance, all activities are subject to economic regulation.
What are the key investment attributes of airports?
The key favourable investment characteristics of the airport sector include:
- Growing passenger numbers supported by growing population, lower airfares and increasing middle class.
- Operating leverage. Revenues tend to increase with inflation and passenger numbers whilst operating costs typically increase at a lower rate. This results in growing margins and cash flows to investors. Dual-till airports, in particular, can capture the benefits of operating leverage in their commercial operations.
- Regulation. The type of regulation (single vs dual till) and its predictability is an important consideration in airport investment.
How can investors access this thematic?
At RARE, we focus exclusively on publicly traded infrastructure securities from around the world. Listed infrastructure investors can enjoy the attractive characteristics of the infrastructure asset class which includes: long-term stable cash flows, lower correlation and beta to other asset classes and inflation protection while enjoying the added benefits of listed markets such as liquidity and lower fees.
Importantly, investing in the listed markets provides us with the flexibility to take advantage of market movements and to invest where we, as active managers, see value.
Geographical coverage of global listed airports contained in RARE's investible universe include airports in the cities of Sydney, Auckland, Paris, Zurich, Madrid, and Frankfurt, as well as companies that operate airports in the following countries: Greece, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia and China.
Any information, statement or opinion set forth herein is general in nature, is not directed to or based on the financial situation or needs of any particular investor, and does not constitute, and should not be construed as, investment advice, forecast of future events, a guarantee of future results, or a recommendation with respect to any particular security or investment strategy or type of retirement account. Investors seeking financial advice regarding the appropriateness of investing in any securities or investment strategies should consult their financial professional. | <urn:uuid:a2daf519-6c82-471d-bf78-bfba7609e4cc> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.leggmason.com/en-us/insights/investment-insights/rare-airport-infrastructure.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540579703.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20191214014220-20191214042220-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.943739 | 1,236 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In the first part of this larger topic, I talked about how some people think of money and how it works at a personal level.
In Part 2 I cover how it works at a business level and how you can get as much as you need and why there is no real shortage of money.
The Big Picture – The Big Flow
Picture the entire Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a nation or the world. This is a measure of the flow of value that is changing hands. It the cumulative value created by everyone in the economy measured in money. Actually it is not the total value it is the compensated portion of the value.
No one actually has this money in their possession. In fact, there does not even need to be that much physical money in circulation because money is only needed for the exchange and then is in flow again. Most of the exchange occurs electronically these days.
The economy is a giant flow. The giant flow is made up of countless smaller and larger flows.
Every person and every organization intercepts a piece of that flow and returns it back into the flow one way or another.
How Do You Get More Money?
People create value by working. Companies create value through products and services. Some value is quasi-real (tied to the physical world) and some is perceived or soft value. For instance, real estate is tied to the physical world and some perceived value. Watching a movie has mostly perceived value and does not deplete the physical world significantly.
(We won’t consider the criminal activities of theft or fraud where the flow is interrupted for no exchange of value.)
So if you are running a business, you need to access the flow of money by intercepting it. There is no limit to the number of times the flow of money can intercepted as long as it stays in motion.
You do this by creating a product or service that has value. If what you do has value you can get paid for it. People will buy your value as long as the price is less than the cost. The more value you generate for that person, the more flow of money you can intercept.
So one customer, one transaction transfers value to your customer and in return you get money. If you have repeat business, the one customer will periodically get value and give you money.
To increase your share of the flow, you can either create more value for each customer or you can increase the number of customers you have (or both). The number of customers you have is your reach. The more people and customers you reach, the more value you are creating in the world and the more money you can intercept in the flow.
But you don’t keep that money. You have staff to pay. You have other expenses. You have pay taxes.
The money flows out to others who provide value and intercept the flow.
This happens over and over and is the basis of the giant flow.
Money is in motion.
Why There Is No Shortage
Some physical things in the world actually do have a physical shortage. For example, there is only so much real estate along the coast of California. If you want a private home on the beach you have to convince someone else to sell it to you. However, this is only valuable if people want it.
For much of the stuff we consume, there is no physical limit (at least that we have to worry about right now). There is no limit to how many people can watch a TV show. There is no limit to the amount of massages that can be given. The pace of the creation of these types of goods and services is increasing as is the perceived value.
In the case of money, there is no limit to the number of times it can be intercepted or the amount that can be intercepted. How many times has that twenty dollar bill in your pocket been exchanged? It is a simple formula: create value, get customers, and intercept the flow.
The rich don’t sit on hoards of money like some crazy scrooge. They spend it and invest it. The investing of money means more spending and the creation of more jobs and more flow. The rich have the added benefit of being able to tap into the flow in more ways, in greater quantities.
Both of these activities increase the flow of money and the number of opportunities to intercept it. Since money is an artificial creation and no longer tied to the real world, there is no limit to how it can flow.
There is no shortage of money, only a shortage of flow.
And most times, the shortage of flow is only an attitude.
As long as you can generate more value (real and perceived) for people than you take out in money, there is no real limit on how you can tap into. Similarly tapping into the flow does not really take away someone else’s ability to tap into the flow as long as they are generating more value than they are taking out.
“Your income is determined by the value you create for each person and how many people you impact or touch with that value.” Bob Burg | <urn:uuid:df73d0fe-a7e0-41f3-af0b-beb095a58fe3> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.sunwaptasolutions.com/2011/12/how-money-really-works-your-income-part-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150264.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210724094631-20210724124631-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.964892 | 1,049 | 2.5625 | 3 |
You may think that all salmon is the same, but each of its species has its own flavor and nutrition. Sockeye salmon, with its firm flesh and rich flavor, is considered a favorite among salmon eaters. Keta salmon, also called chum or dog salmon, is a drier fillet because of its lower fat content.
While they are both good sources of lean protein and healthy fatty acids, knowing the nutritional differences between keta and sockeye salmon might help you determine which fish is a better fit for your diet.
Video of the Day
Read more: Fish Oil Dosage for Adults
Compare the Calories and Protein
If you're counting every calorie, keta salmon may be the fish for you. A 3-ounce portion of raw keta salmon has 102 calories, while the same serving of raw sockeye salmon has 111 calories, according to USDA FoodData Central. Although there's only a 9-calorie difference between the two, every calorie counts when it comes to weight management.
As far as protein goes, there isn't that much of a difference between the two types of salmon — but the sockeye is a slightly better source. A 3-ounce portion of raw sockeye salmon contains 19 grams of protein, and the same serving of keta salmon contains 17 grams.
According to the National Academies of Sciences, adult women need 46 grams of protein a day, and adult men 56 grams. That means one serving of either piece of fish meets 30 percent or more of your daily needs.
Boost Heart Health
The American Heart Association recommends that you eat two servings of fatty fish a week for heart health. Fatty fish, like salmon, are rich in omega-3 fatty acids —in particular EPA and DHA — which are essential fats that keep your heart healthy by lowering triglyceride levels and blood pressure.
EPA helps support cell growth and division, digestion, hormone production, blood clotting and muscle function, while DHA is important for brain health, according to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. In addition to lowering overall risk of death, omega-3 fatty acids also help prevent heart attack and sudden death.
Get Your Vitamins and Minerals
When it comes to vitamins and minerals, it's a draw, according to the USDA. Sockeye salmon is a better source of vitamin A, but they both contain about the same amount of calcium, iron and vitamin E per serving. A 3-ounce serving of the raw sockeye contains:
- 8 grams of calcium
- 0.4 milligrams of iron
- 138 international units of vitamin A
- 0.7 milligrams of vitamin E
The same-sized serving of keta salmon contains:
- 9 milligrams of calcium
- 0.5 milligrams of iron
- 84 international units of vitamin A
- 0.9 milligrams of vitamin E
Both keta salmon and rockeye salmon are low in sodium — 42 milligrams in the keta and 66 milligrams in the rockeye version. According to the American Heart Association, adults should consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day. If you have risk factors for heart disease, this recommendation drops to 1,500 milligrams per day.
- National Academies of Sciences: "Macronutrients"
- American Heart Association: "Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids"
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health"
- American Heart Association: "How Much Sodium Should I Eat Per Day?"
- USDA FoodData Central: "Fish, Salmon, Chum, Raw"
- USDA FoodData Central: "Fish, Salmon, Sockeye, Raw" | <urn:uuid:43181b35-bb08-4704-856f-e9b557f3dad9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.livestrong.com/article/329363-nutritional-value-of-keta-salmon-vs-sockeye-salmon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499710.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129080341-20230129110341-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.905488 | 773 | 2.78125 | 3 |
- What We Offer
- Day Care
- Out of School Care
- Community Room
- How We Work and Other Useful Information
Children in the nurseries are encouraged to take part in a variety of activities following on from their interests and discoveries. We strongly believe that children learn by doing and therefore give the children opportunities to gain first hand experiences through play and lots of practical activities. These activities take place both inside and outdoors of the nurseries.
We place great emphasis on developing the children’s skills and understanding and encourage them to develop positive attitudes to their learning. We want the children to grow in self confidence and to experiment and investigate new things, to form new relationships and to develop as individuals.
We place great importance on using the outdoor area. Children have the opportunity to choose whether to play indoors or out and activities are planned so as to extend the classroom outside. Outdoors, children feel free to explore, investigate and make sense of the world around them. They can feel the changes in the weather, discover the natural world and move and develop their physical strength in unrestricted space.
“I like my teachers in nursery because they like the things that I like!” – McKenzie, aged 4 | <urn:uuid:8916b7bc-5cbe-44a3-927c-369241e06077> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.elyandcaerauchildrenscentre.co.uk/what-we-offer/nursery/learning-through-discovery-and-play/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806070.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120145722-20171120165722-00423.warc.gz | en | 0.951392 | 247 | 3.171875 | 3 |
In the United States someone is sexually assaulted every 92 seconds (RAINN, n.d.; Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2018) and, as a result, many survivors end up experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). From the moment of an assault to the stage of recovery, survivors experience a range of emotions as survivors have to cope with and overcome their experience (Mason and Lodrick, 2013). This chapter focuses on how survivors heal from sexual assault through all the stages of the potential recovery process. The chapter will explore how a survivor is impacted psychologically, physically, and legally after an assault. The responses of the legal system, which includes law enforcement, prosecutors, and sexual assault nurse examiners, will be further investigated. The healing process through treatment and recovery using various therapeutic models will also be explored. It is important for social workers to understand the process and stages of healing as many of us will encounter survivors in our practice, whether it be from a micro, advocacy/counseling angle, or a macro, policy/educational, perspective. | <urn:uuid:9c96da62-432f-4e63-9dac-c744a196aa1b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429342912-30/sexual-violence-steps-recovery-poonam-melwani?context=ubx&refId=b006f631-0fc8-4118-98aa-78ababcbea01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00755.warc.gz | en | 0.942213 | 224 | 2.671875 | 3 |
||Statistical comparison of two data sets. Calculations include; mean, standard deviation (population and sample), and confidence intervals for each data set. Then comparison of means using t-test and pooled standard deviation.
||Calculations include; mean, standard deviation (population and sample), confidence interval, and comparison to "true" value.
||Properties of a gaussian distribution. Shape of distribution, area under distribution (integration and graphs).
||Calibration examples with descritpive information. Includes; linear regression, uncertainty of regression, unknown, graphs, and an example of error propagation.
||Based upon calibration example document, but with large fonts for lecture use.
||Linear Regression calculations for a calibration curve. Calculates line of best fit, uncertainty of regression, concentration of unknown (based upon response), and uncertainty in calculated concentration of unknown. Data is graphed.
||Regression analysis using 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th order regression. Regression analysis performed using matrix techniques. For each order data is graphed with regression fit.
|Standard Addition Example
||Document introduces standard addition using an easy to follow example (The M&M Mystery) and then shows calculations for a typical calibration problem.
|Signal Averaging and Filters
||Shows the effect of averaging and filtering on the observed signal. User may set signal, noise, averaging, and filter parameters. | <urn:uuid:3c963d22-9ea0-4530-b5c2-3b1e8c82f2da> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://science.widener.edu/svb/mathcad/stats.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891377.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180122133636-20180122153636-00309.warc.gz | en | 0.733684 | 301 | 3.09375 | 3 |
High blood pressure - a common medical condition. With a little help from the body, a new pacemaker can bring it down.
A recent study found that almost half the people in Germany have elevated blood pressure. In recent years a method known as baroreflex stimulation has been developed. It uses a pacemaker to lower blood pressure, and can help patients whose pressure remains high despite medication.
It stimulates pressure-sensitive baroreceptors via an electrode attached to the carotid artery. When stimulated, the receptors tell the brain that the pressure is high, and that triggers a response to lower it. The greater the stimulation of the baroreceptors, the greater the effect on blood pressure.
Our studioguest is Prof. Philipp Stawowy, a cardiologist at the German Heart Institute in Berlin.
Can mental functioning be enhanced through training? Research projects in Berlin, Würzburg and Mainz are exploring this complex field. Participants in the experiments do exercises and puzzles and play games, with tests before and after tracking changes in performance.
Some improvements in performance correlate with changes seen in brain scans. In the elderly, regular, strenuous training has been shown to slow down shrinkage of the brain.
An experiment is being conducted on a North Sea shrimp trawler that is fitted with one ordinary net and one new and special one. The ordinary one damages the seabed and traps lots of by-catch.
The new one is gentler on the seafloor and uses electrical impulses to make the shrimp jump into the net while leaving fish unmoved. The study aims to establish whether the new method is more economical and more ecologically friendly than traditional trawling methods. | <urn:uuid:fa6d7d72-2ade-4a5f-aeb3-d7e3a67eee6a> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.dw.com/en/tomorrow-today-the-science-magazine-2012-11-12/e-16332038-9798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736678979.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215758-00000-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928191 | 350 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Unlike Santa, the Easter Bunny has never been big on schedules. On the years were he is prepared early, we get Easter in March. The years he extends his vacation Easter falls in April. Actually, there is a historical reason that Easter Sunday falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 each year. The date is based on a lunar system and occurs the first Sunday after the Vernal Equinox. | <urn:uuid:d28ed076-88f8-4407-9457-c3d9c1448b63> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.internetdict.com/answers/who-decides-when-easter-is.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541170.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00503-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983296 | 83 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The first key success factor of the bottled water industry is the growing popularity in the United States. This popularity was enhanced by the people’s growing concern over the water that was provided to them by the municipal. Another issue that led to the growth of the bottled water industry is the changing lifestyle. Bottled water was preferred because of the new lifestyle. For instance, many bottled water users always claimed that drinking more water improved the quality of one’s skin. Also, many analysts argued that drinking bottled water was a sign to others that one was taking care of his/her health. Lastly, bottled water is convenient because it is easily portable, making it very popular to travellers in the United States market.
The second success factor identified is the development of markets in the developing countries, mostly in the Asian and the South American countries. These markets are replicating what is happening on the United States markets, and hence, the successful improvement of the industry.
The third success factor is the decline in the use of carbonated drinks. For instance, although about 15.3 million gallons of carbonated drinks were consumed in the United States, the issue of fitness and sugar consumption had led to a decline in the usage of the drinks. In fact, between 2004 and 2005, the bottled water market grew by 10.7%, while the carbonated drinks market declined by 0.6% (Gamble, 2006).
Lastly, the successful growth of the bottled water can be attributed to the large producers such as Coca Cola and Pepsi. These producers were able to distribute the bottled water together with the carbonated soft drinks, and, therefore, water was easily available to consumers in the US.
How the Industry is Changing
Competitive rivalry in the industry continues to increase. Because the bottled water industry is dominated by big producers such as the Coca Cola, Pepsi and Nestle, sellers are producing innovative products in order to remain competitive. Despite these strategies, the US market, though still the largest, consumption for bottled water have fallen compared to those of Europe, Middle East, and Mexico. Several things continue to change in the industry concerning sales and packaging of the water (Gamble, 2006).
The first change noted in the industry is the packaging of the bottled water. In 1990, the producers of bottled water distributed their product in a returnable five-gallon container. Also, at the time, a little proportion of the market was provided with water in one-liter containers. However, the industry has changed this strategy because of convenience and portability of small containers to carry bottled water.
Another significant change noted in the industry is the distribution and sale of this product. Whereas bottled water used to be delivered only to the large supermarkets and other retailers, today it is readily available almost in all convenience stores. The competition in the industry has greatly increased with some large producers such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, forcing other companies use all strategies to remain competitive in the growing market.
Strategies of the Big Companies in the Industry
The Coca Cola Company produces more than 300 brands of nonalcoholic drinks. One of its brands, the Coca-Cola has been described as the most successful brand in the world. The company uses this brand to gain market share for new products. The first bottled water product introduced by the company is the Dasani water (1999). The formula of production of this water remains a closely guarded secret. Several strategies were developed by the company in order to effectively market this product. The first strategy that the company hoped would help market the product was the name. The “a” gave the name a soothing nature, while the “I” ending gave the name a foreign attachment. In addition, massive advertisement was carried out to introduce this product.
The second strategy is the merger and partnership with companies producing bottled water. For instance, the company produces and markets water in foreign countries under local brand names (Gamble, 2006).
Pepsi Co Inc.
Pepsi had tried unsuccessfully to enter the bottled water industry in the year 1987, but it was successful in 1997 with the introduction of Aquafina. The company decided that in order to capitalize on a large market, it had to completely differentiate its product. This was acquired through purification. The water produced by the company was chemical free as the company had to add ozone to prevent bacteria growth.
The second strategy was to develop battled water that reflected customers’ lifestyles. For example, Pepsi produced Propel Fitness Water and SoBE Life Water. These products were also available in various flavors (Gamble, 2006).
This is the most successful and oldest bottled water producing company in the world. The company offers around 75 brands of bottled water and also enjoys a wide market as it operates in more than 130 countries. One of the strategies employed by this company is the acquisition of leading local bottled water producing companies. Other strategies include the production and marketing water fortified with vitamins and plant extracts as well as fruit-flavored water. | <urn:uuid:e0d4ed49-689d-4de1-bafd-8ce694da2f10> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://qualityessay.com/essay-samples/Business/bottled-water-industry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187690.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00120-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974468 | 1,018 | 2.609375 | 3 |
What is the plot of the short story "The Kind of Light That Shines on Texas" by McKnight?
Hello! You asked about the plot of the short story "The Kind Of Light That Shines on Texas" by Reginald McKnight. The story is narrated by Clint, one of only three African-American boys in his elementary school in Waco, Texas. His two other African-American classmates are a boy named Marvin Pruitt, whom he dislikes, and a girl named Ah-so, whom he also dislikes. He does not understand why she is called Ah-so when he reasons that there is not the slightest thing Asian about her.
This story is about racism within one's own race. Clint feels guilty about his dislike for Marvin, who exhibits all the stereotypical traits of African-Americans that are caricatured by Caucasians, namely that he smells bad, is a poor student, "hostile, dark-skinned, homely, close-mouthed." Yet, Clint is afraid of him due to his big size. Marvin also has an unsanitary habit; he has the "habit of spitting on his right arm, juicing it down til it would glisten." When Clint looks at Ah-so, she looks like her skin "always shone as if worked by Marvin's palms and fingers." Clint feels that African-Americans like Marvin and Ah-so are the main reason people of his skin color are discriminated against, and he is ashamed to be associated with them in any way. Clint wants to impress upon his teacher that he is different from both Marvin and Ah-so, so that he will not get ignored by her or be given negative attention by her.
Yet Clint is even more afraid of a white boy named Kevin Oakley, who has continually threatened to kill him. One day, Oakley gets the chance he is waiting for: when the school coach allows an innocent game of murderball to become dangerous, Oakley can't wait to hurt Clint. However, Clint manages to land a hard-pumped volleyball on Oakley's nose, and before he knows it, Oakley is flat on his back. Clint knows that retribution will follow, and sure enough, Oakley confronts him in the locker room and tells him that he is going to come for him after school. Clint asks Oakley why he can't just go after Marvin. Later, Clint is ashamed that he said such a thing, but it is too late. He knows that he meant to say it; he just didn't like how he felt after he said it.
The next day, Oakley picks a fight with Clint and Clint taunts him. But before anything else can happen, Marvin pushes Clint aside and beats Oakley up. When Marvin is done, he stares down Clint. A chastened Clint starts to look at both Marvin and Ah-so differently. | <urn:uuid:e0d81ad8-055b-4795-beac-3b472c2cce6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-plot-short-story-light-that-shine-texas-by-477711 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934809392.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20171125032456-20171125052456-00394.warc.gz | en | 0.986151 | 590 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Energy Information Administration recently released a brief snapshot in time of the incentives for different energy sources. By itself, this snapshot paints an incomplete and distorted picture of the impact of incentives on our energy mix. Fossil fuels have benefited from permanent incentives for nearly a century, and nuclear for more than half a century, while tax incentives for less mature renewable energy technologies such as wind came only recently and have often been enacted for only short-term periods. In reality, cumulative incentives for wind and other renewable resources are a drop in the bucket compared to those for other energy sources.
The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service explained “For more than half a century, federal energy tax policy focused almost exclusively on increasing domestic oil and gas reserves and production. There were no major tax incentives promoting renewable energy or energy efficiency.” Below, the Nuclear Energy Institute’s own tally finds that all renewables accounted for less than 10 percent of federal energy incentives over the period 1950-2010, versus 70 percent for fossil fuels.
Finally, DBL Investors tallied the incentives given to fossil, nuclear, and renewables and the period over which those incentives have been paid. Based on the data in the chart below, the result is $447 billion for fossil and $185.5 billion for nuclear, versus less than $6 billion for renewables. Renewables therefore account for less than 1 percent of the total amount given to fossil and nuclear.
It is also important to note that fossil fuels have benefited from permanent tax incentives for nearly a century, which has given those energy sources the ability to make long-term business plans based on these policies. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) data do not account for the uncertainty that renewable energy businesses have had to face as a result of temporary incentives that are extended for only short periods of time.
EIA’s recent tallyis also missing several important incentives for other energy sources, such as the Foreign Tax Credit. The fossil fuel industry has had access to this tax credit since the 1950s, though it is consistently under-counted and not well understood. In the 1950s, foreign governments in oil-producing states began reclassifying royalty payments as income taxes. Unlike royalty payments, foreign income tax payments are eligible for a dollar-for-dollar tax credit, rather than a deduction (worth $0.35 per dollar). The subsidy amount is equal to additional value conferred by the credit over the value that a business expense deduction would provide. This improper classification of royalties as foreign income taxes is rarely, if ever, counted in subsidy analyses, but it costs billions in taxpayer dollars each year. The EIA analysis and many of the above analyses also did not account for the Price-Anderson Act, which limits the nuclear industry’s liability for accidents.
Finally, the EIA analysis ignores the benefits of supporting less mature technologies and technologies that provide environmental, public health, and energy security benefits. The renewable Production Tax Credit helps correct for flaws in our electricity market design that do not value wind’s benefits for protecting public health, the environment, and consumers. Wind energy creates billions of dollars in economic value by drastically reducing pollution that harms public health and the environment, but wind energy does not get paid for that even though consumers bear many of those costs. Wind energy also protects consumers from price increases for fuel, but that is not accounted for in the highly regulated electricity market because other energy sources get to pass their fuel price increases directly on to consumers who have little choice in the matter.
The primary purpose of incentives is to encourage investment in technologies that have public benefits. Wind energy, as a clean technology that helps diversify our energy mix, has many public benefits worth incentivizing.
The wind industry continues to make tremendous technological progress that has reduced costs by more than half over the last five years, even with uncertain policies. Costs have come down as the U.S. wind industry has scaled up to 50,000 workers and 500 manufacturing facilities in 43 states. Stable policy incentives for clean, affordable energy will ensure the wind industry can continue reducing costs so that more Americans can benefit from wind energy. | <urn:uuid:93f9ffd3-6511-4766-b5d0-cf57b838db14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cleanpower.org/blog/missing-the-big-picture-on-energy-subsidies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.95589 | 832 | 3.125 | 3 |
The entire motor machine system is “visible” in the motor voltages and currents
As this illustration shows, all three elements of a motor/machine system are interrelated and impact each other. For example, electrical frequency (1) determines motor speed, and motor speed (2) determines load. So a load variance or imblance may not be due to the motor, but rather to an issue with electrical frequency.
Since torque required (3) is determined by load speed (2), insufficient problem can be caused by motor speed (2) or electrical frequency (1). And because torque required (3) determines power required (4), this can impact the voltage (5) available from the power system. The power required determines the current (6) required at the supplied voltage level.
The entire motor machine system is “visible” in the motor voltages and currents. | <urn:uuid:7580fb08-5b99-4b94-93a1-a4e812d84f77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.skf.com/group/services/services-and-solutions/troubleshooting-motor-problems/understanding-motor-machine-systems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.848333 | 181 | 3.53125 | 4 |
发布日期：2018-04-09 作者：地源热泵 点击：
Ground source heat pump has many kinds of low temperature heat source, in fact, the most widely used are geothermal drainage, shallow cold water and soil. So ground source heat pump for low temperature heat source what kind of requirements?
The low temperature heat source temperature should be as high as possible, such as high temperature heat from the cold water of 10 DEG C to 60 C in the ascending temperature is 50 DEG C; if from 35 DEG C to extract heat high temperature geothermal water, the environment also sent to 60 DEG C, the temperature increase only 25 degrees C. The greater the temperature difference is, the smaller the heating coefficient of the heat pump is, the worse the energy saving effect of the heat pump is.
Low temperature heat source has enough heat to be extracted, and the energy consumption of extracting heat should be as small as possible. Drainage from geothermal systems is a "waste" utilization, with little additional energy consumption. From this point of view, it is better than getting cold water from shallow wells. However, if there is no geothermal well in this area, heat extraction from shallow well water or heat from soil is an optional low temperature heat source for geothermal heat pump.
Low temperature heat source on the metal corrosion of equipment should be as small as possible, from this point of view, the geothermal system drainage as low temperature heat source than the shallow well water is poor, because generally more or less metal corrosion of hot water and cold water, shallow well water quality is better, in general little corrosion.
Hope that the above introduction to help you, oh, we sincerely close to customers, to meet the needs of customers, to win win customers, personality to lead customers, your satisfaction is our greatest pursuit. | <urn:uuid:66cec1b0-ae0e-437d-8ac4-49b5af1f8182> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.zhongrui.cc/news/390.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819145405-20180819165405-00694.warc.gz | en | 0.748192 | 400 | 2.640625 | 3 |
AUGUSTA, Ga. - The most common and under-diagnosed genetic disease in humans just may be a cause of the worst form of macular degeneration, Medical College of Georgia researchers report.
They are pursuing a link between hemochromatosis, which results in iron overload, and the wet form of macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in people 60 and older. They suspect that too much iron, known to wreak cumulative havoc on the body's organs, hastens normal aging of the eyes.
If they are correct, avoiding the most severe consequences of a disease that robs the central vision could be as simple as donating blood a couple times annually to reduce iron levels, said Dr. Vadivel Ganapathy, chairman of the MCG School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
A $1.5 million grant from the National Eye Institute is enabling the MCG scientists to define the impact of hemochromatosis on the eye's form and function. Support from MCG's Vision Discovery Institute is enabling screening for its causative genetic mutation in the blood of healthy individuals and those with macular degeneration.
"If this is a predisposing risk for macular degeneration, we have a very useful tool for screening patients," said Dr. Julian Nussbaum, a retinal specialist who chairs the School of Medicine's Department of Ophthalmology and co-directs MCG's Vision Discovery Institute. "We can give patients information right off the bat that may help them."
While linking iron overload to eye disease may seem odd, they have in common the result of too much of a good thing. The eyes need light to see and the body needs iron to deliver oxygen but the price of both is increased oxidative stress, Ganapathy said. "You need oxygen and you need iron to make this bad molecule," he said of oxygen radicals that can destroy tissue down to the DNA.
Light alone takes a slow toll on the retina, which converts it into electrical impulses sent to the brain via the optic nerve. This is despite multiple built-in safeguards such as filters in the cornea and lens that protect against the most harmful rays, like ultraviolet light, and a yellow pigment that provides extra protection for the most central point of vision. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells, which nourish sight-enabling cells in the retina, help gobble up and dump any resulting tissue trash into the circulation for elimination. Leftovers show up as fatty, yellow deposits called drusen.
Everyone experiences some age-related vision changes and accumulation of harmless levels of drusen, Nussbaum said.
But when byproducts start accumulating under the retinal pigment epithelium, the risk increases for the wet form of macular degeneration in which fragile new blood vessels grow underneath the retina, leak and cloud vision. The question is why some people's condition worsens.
"We see it in one patient and it may stay that way for 20 years. We see it in another patient and within five years their vision has functionally started to decrease," said Dr. Emory Patterson, an MCG School of Medicine graduate completing his ophthalmology residency at MCG who is helping with the clinical study.
Ganapathy first determined that the eye had the means to tightly regulate iron levels. Most organs don't have their own system rather the small intestine regulates absorption of the iron consumed in foods like beans and tofu.
But Ganapathy found the same genetic mutation that causes hemochromatosis in a back layer of the retina, which comes in contact with the blood. A mutation in this HFE gene impairs a protein that regulates iron absorption. The finding in the mouse eye and human retinal pigmented epithelial cells was published in 2004 in Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science.
His lab now has animal models for hemochromatosis as well as juvenile hemochromatosis, which is caused by a different genetic defect and produces much earlier symptoms.
In the retina of the models, he's finding increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, or VEGF, that enable new blood vessel growth. This growth is the hallmark of the wet form of macular degeneration. In fact, anti-VEGF therapies are the most potent treatments available.
"I tell patients that caught early, they have a 92 percent chance of stabilizing their vision with anti-VEGF therapy but they only have about a 38 percent chance of improving their vision," Nussbaum said. "But at least we can treat it. I also remind them there is not a cure. It's similar to cancer therapy: we can put them into remission but we don't know if it will come back."
Most people absorb about 10 percent of the iron they consume. Symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, lack of energy, abdominal pain, loss of sex drive and heart problems indicate excess absorption although many with the condition have no symptoms when diagnosed.
|Contact: Toni Baker|
Medical College of Georgia | <urn:uuid:31798e9a-eac6-4cd2-bb8a-c84accad349a> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Link-between-iron-overload-and-macular-degeneration-under-study-14084-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982295192.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195815-00083-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945837 | 1,036 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Nutrition is important for health. An unhealthy diet can damage your metabolism, cause weight gain and even hurt organs, such as your heart and liver.
You’ve heard the old saying: Real beauty comes from the inside. You could say the same for good health. When you eat right, exercise, get enough sleep and find smart ways to manage stress—like trading a Netflix binge for a yoga class or long run in the park—you start to look and feel your best. Not sure where to start? As part of a balanced diet, they’re proven to help you lose weight, keep your heart going strong and promote healthy, younger-looking skin.
These tasty little gems are higher in antioxidants than nearly any other food, delivering powerful heart-healthy benefits. In a Harvard study of more than 93,000 women, eating three servings of blueberries and strawberries each week was associated with cutting heart attack risk by more than 30 percent. And because antioxidants help prevent and slow sun damage, eating blueberries is a way to help your skin look younger, too. One more big blueberry perk: their fiber helps you feel full, so you eat less, potentially losing weight.
Did you know that people who eat avocados tend to be healthier than those who don’t? That’s according to a 2013 study (funded by the Hass Avocado Board) of more than 17,000 people. The researchers found that the avocado eaters weighed less, had less belly fat and showed a much lower risk of metabolic syndrome—a group of symptoms that can lead to diabetes and heart disease—compared to the non-avocado fans. They also tended to eat more fruits and vegetables overall. We’re betting they even had great skin: avocados are packed with vitamins C, E and K, all important for skin health. Plus, the healthy fat in avocados may help prevent wrinkles, while other nutrients help reduce sun damage.
These and other foods high in lycopene, a natural chemical, can help protect you against prostate cancer and may help prevent lung cancer, too. Cooked or processed tomatoes (in juice, paste, and sauce) may be better at that than raw ones. Researchers believe that heating or mashing tomatoes releases more lycopene.
Filled with all sorts of vitamins and antioxidants, broccoli is high in fiber, too.
Full of omega-3s, unsaturated fats (the good kind), fiber, and protein, nuts are heart-healthy nutrition in the palm of your hand.
Sweet potatoes are an excellent source — one 1/2-cup serving (100 grams) of baked sweet potato contains enough beta-carotene to provide nearly four times the RDI of vitamin A. More healthy food for your life, if you want to know more to be healthy, always read our latest articles.
Click here : DISEASES AND ASBESTOS – THIS IS WHY WE SHOULD AWARE
My name is Zella I love exrecise, I creat this articles for tell you that health is important. Many benefits you get if you exercise and if u do not know how to exercise properly, you can see this article, here we make techniques and steps to make your body healthy and fit.
Be healthy and Happy. | <urn:uuid:f6f51e2a-2e4d-4434-a06b-859c776672c6> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://www.upnrunning.com.au/the-best-food-make-you-healthy-and-for-diet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528481.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420020937-20190420042937-00426.warc.gz | en | 0.934766 | 677 | 3.03125 | 3 |
|Name: _________________________||Period: ___________________|
This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What advice does Sanderson give to Travis about when to shoot an animal with hydrophobia?
(a) Shoot the animal after it tries to bite.
(b) Shoot any animal he comes across until the hydrophobia is gone.
(c) Shoot only wild animals, not pets.
(d) Shoot anything that is acting unnatural.
2. What sound does Travis recognize that he has heard only once before?
(a) The wild snarl of a mountain lion.
(b) The whimpering of a bear cub.
(c) The coughing roar of a charging bear.
(d) The sound of a dog dying.
3. How does Travis get Spot to settle down so he can milk her?
(a) He puts her into a narrow pen.
(b) He blindfolds her.
(c) He has Old Yeller stand near her.
(d) He ties her head and feet.
4. Who named Birdsong Creek?
(a) Little Arliss.
(d) The settlers.
5. What is Travis' reaction to Old Yeller when the dog approaches him?
(a) Travis screams at him.
(b) Travis kicked at him as hard as he could.
(c) Travis backs away.
(d) Travis whispers to Old Yeller.
6. What does Travis think about as he and Old Yeller lie out under the stars?
(a) He thinks about the day when he will have a ranch of his own.
(b) He thinks about how lucky he is to have a brother like Little Arliss.
(c) He wonders if his father can see the same stars in Kansas.
(d) He thinks about what a wonderful dog Old Yeller is.
7. What does Travis discover when he opens the dog run door where the meat is stored?
(a) A wolf is eating the meat.
(b) The meat is gone.
(c) Little Arliss is hanging from the meat.
(d) The meat is rotten.
8. What kind of man is Burn Sanderson?
(a) He is rough and crude.
(b) He is young and rude.
(c) He is old and haggard.
(d) He is young, nice, and polite.
9. What does Travis do to try and drive the bulls away from the cabin?
(a) He tosses boiling water at them.
(b) He chases them with a pitch fork.
(c) He throws rocks at them.
(d) He goes after them with a bull whip.
10. What is Mama's reaction to Sanderson's first suggestion?
(a) She is insulted by the suggestion.
(b) She is angry.
(c) She refuses.
(d) She accepts it.
11. Why is it hard for a dog to fight with a boar coon?
(a) The boar coon is smarter than any dog.
(b) The boar coon usually hides in thorn bushes.
(c) The boar coon fights with the courage of an animal five times its size.
(d) The boar coon is fast and agile.
12. Why do the hogs, cattle, and wild animals come to the Salt Licks?
(a) They eat the berries growing there.
(b) It has thick brambles where the animals hide.
(c) They lick the salt.
(d) They drink from the pond that is there.
13. What is the first suggestion Sanderson gives to Mama about keeping Old Yeller?
(a) He suggests that she take the boys inside while he grabs Old Yeller.
(b) He suggests that the dog stays with them until Papa comes back.
(c) He suggests that she pay him with the milk cow to keep Old Yeller.
(d) He offers to give her a puppy instead of Old Yeller.
14. What news does Lisbeth tell Travis about her dog, Miss Prissy?
(a) Miss Prissy won first prize in at the fair.
(b) Miss Prissy is sick and dying.
(c) Miss Prissy is going to have Old Yeller's puppies.
(d) Miss Prissy is a purebread fox hound.
15. What does Travis do to try to prevent Old Yeller from roaming at night?
(a) He chains him to a post.
(b) He locks him in the hen house.
(c) He tries tying him with rope and rawhide string.
(d) He puts him in the barn.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is a strange varmit stealing from the people in the settlement?
2. What does Little Arliss do to Sanderson?
3. How does Travis' dog, Bell, die?
4. What is Old Yeller's reaction to the bear attack once they are all back in the cabin?
5. What is the solution Travis comes up with that finally keeps Old Yeller at home during the night?
This section contains 777 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:b3411080-ff3e-4128-a86c-555a262390fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/old-yeller/test1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948514051.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20171211203107-20171211223107-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.949072 | 1,153 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Born: May 29, 1914
Died: May 9, 1986
Achievements: Tenzing Norgay became the first man along with
Edmund Hillary to reach the summit of Mount Everest
Tenzing Norgay was a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer. Tenzing Norgay
created history on May 29, 1953, when he and Sir Edmund Hillary became
the first men to conquer Mount Everest.
Tenzing Norgay was born in Tshechu, presently in Tibet Autonomous
Region, China. He grew up in peasant family in Khumbu in Nepal. His
exact date of birth is not known but it is believed that was born in
late May and later on he decided to celebrate May 29 as his birthday, as
this was the date he climbed Everest. Tenzing Norgay's original name was
Namgyal Wangdi, but as a child his name was changed on the advice of a
lama. Norgay means fortunate. Tenzing Norgay ran away to Kathmandu twice
as a boy, and eventually settled in the Sherpa community in Too Song
Bhusti in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Tenzing Norgay took part as a high-altitude porter in three official British
attempts to climb Everest from the northern Tibetan side in the 1930s.
He also took part in other climbs in various parts of the Indian
subcontinent. He scaled Nanda Devi, which he described as the most
difficult climb he ever took. In 1947, he took part in an unsuccessful
Everest attempt. The attempt ended when a strong storm at 22,000 feet
In 1952, Tenzing Norgay took part in two Swiss expeditions led by
Raymond Lambert, the first serious attempt to climb Everest from the
southern Nepalese side, during which he and Lambert reached the then
record height of 8,599 m (28,215 ft).
In 1953, Tenzing Norgay took part in Sir John Hunt's expedition. This
was his seventh expedition to Everest. During this expedition he and Sir
Edmund Hillary became the first men to reach the summit.
Conquering of Everest brought great adulation to Tenzing Norgay in
India and Nepal. He was even worshipped by some people who believed him
to be an incarnation of Buddha or Lord Shiva. Tenzing Norgay later
became director of field training for the Himalayan Mountaineering
Institute in Darjeeling. In 1978, he founded a company, Tenzing Norgay
Adventures that offers trekking in the Himalayas.
Tenzing Norgay married thrice. His first wife, Dawa Phuti, died young
in 1944. He had two daughter from his first marriage. His second wife
was Ang Lahmu, a cousin of his first wife. They had no children. Tenzing
Norgay had his third marriage while his second wife was still alive, as
allowed by Sherpa custom. He had a son named Jamling from this marriage.
Jamling Norgay presently looks after the adventure company founded by
Tenzing Norgay died on May 9, 1986 in Darjeeling, West Bengal. | <urn:uuid:d7234d18-b490-49ad-9de0-d7569fca9982> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/tenzing-norgay.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398450659.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205410-00174-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983272 | 685 | 2.796875 | 3 |
In 1996, the International Court of Justice issued an opinion that the use of nuclear weapons is “scarcely reconcilable” with international humanitarian law and concluded that nations have an obligation to pursue good-faith negotiations leading to disarmament. The 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference reaffirmed the need for all states to comply with international humanitarian law, which governs the use of nuclear as well as conventional weapons. When the rules of war are applied to nuclear weapons, it becomes clear that these weapons cannot comply with international law. The effects of nuclear weapons are inherently uncontrollable and do not meet international criteria for discrimination between military and civilian targets, for proportionality, and for necessity. Arguments made by the United States as to why some uses of nuclear weapons could be lawful do not stand up to scrutiny. Nuclear weapon states should make immediate changes to any missions, deployments, and targeting policies and practices that facilitate the use of nuclear weapons. Not only does international law preclude the use of nuclear weapons, but it also precludes threats to use nuclear weapons.
Continue reading at International humanitarian law and nuclear weapons: Irreconcilable differences | <urn:uuid:af7ae8db-28d6-45f4-a553-799a411bd920> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/atomicage/2012/01/31/international-humanitarian-law-and-nuclear-weapons-irreconcilable-differences-via-the-bulletin-of-atomic-scientists-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246646036.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045726-00310-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946882 | 231 | 3.046875 | 3 |
With the increasing need to work to prevent global warming, the government has been working hard to make the move toward electric vehicles. In a country of this size with the second largest population, it requires active government intervention to make it possible. Post the ban on sales of internal combustion engine vehicles, the shift toward electric vehicles has been massive. The spiralling prices of fuel combined with the increasing awareness among consumers about carbon emissions have caused a migration of consumers from fuel bikes to electric bikes and this trend is likely to intensify in the coming years. On its part, the central and state governments have been doling out significant subsidies to manufacturers and consumers to incentivize electric vehicle purchases. The latest revision to the FAME Phase II scheme offers a raised subsidy of INR 15,000 per kWh for e-scooters. This subsidy is applicable for electric mopeds that have a minimum capacity of 80kmph and a minimum ultimate speed of 10kmph.
Electric mopeds in India are set to conquer the roads using cutting-edge technology to build in advanced features that offer a superior riding experience. There are several manufacturers in India who are vying with each to create stylish electric bikes that can appeal to the younger generation and bring about a revolution that can help create a cleaner and greener environment. A mode of transportation that lowers carbon emissions and noise is surely positive and something to look forward to in a densely populated country like India.
The new generation of buyers which includes the millennials and Gen Z need style, sophistication and innovation in their ride. They need vibrant colors, smart design and uber-cool features to match their vibes. They will look at features like faster-charging batteries, IoT enabled and Bluetooth connectivity, quicker acceleration and low maintenance along with a superior ride experience.
Central and State Governments are striving to offer subsidies to promote the manufacture and sale of electric vehicles. They hope to meet most of their targets by 2030. GST has been reduced to lower the prices for consumers. EV manufacturers are being encouraged in the form of subsidies and incentives. The sales of electric two-wheelers have gone up by 132%from early 2020.
The culture of electric vehicles is completely dependent on the establishment of country-wide charging infrastructure. Public limited companies like NHAI, IOC, HPC, NEE, EESL, NTPC etc have started creating charging stations which will be primarily solar powered. India has over 1640 public electric vehicle charging stations covering cities like Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Pune and Surat. This is bound to increase with the growth in the sales of electric vehicles.
Depending on the increase in demand OEMs are set to increase their production capacity by 10X which would reduce production timelines and costs. India is able to produce most of the components locally but is required to depend on others for Lithium-ion which pushes up costs.Once a sustainable alternative to Lithium-ion batteries is found, we will be completely self-reliant.
The need to move towards cleaner and greener transportation for reduction of carbon emissions is critical. India needs to move away from fossil fuels towards clean and sustainable modes if they want to achieve their targets. As responsible citizens, a change in mindset is essential to see a broad based shift of this nature. Over the coming years this is a reality that is expected to play out.
The Game Changers
Banks, NBFCs and Fintech lenders are playing an important role in helping individuals buy the electric motorbikes of their choice by offering them convenient financing options. LoanTap offers loans up to INR 2,00,000 for tenures ranging from 12-36 months. Borrowers can pay off the loan in convenient instalments over the agreed period. They can even foreclose the loan after six months without any prepayment penalty.
If you are an Indian citizen or resident over 21 years of age and earn a minimum net monthly income of over INR 30,000, you are eligible for applying for a personal loan from LoanTap. You will need to download the LoanTap app and fill out an online application. This should be followed by the upload of mandatory documents like PAN Card, Aadhaar Card, Salary slips for the latest month and Bank statements for the last 3 months. Once the documents are verified and found correct by the system, the loan is approved and the sanction letter issued. This entire process doesn’t take more than 24 hours. You can use the sanction letter to buy the electric bike of your choice.
The future of the commute clearly belongs to Electric Vehicles. It is critical that we move together to make the national mission successful in this decade. LoanTap offers safe financing options that can help you meet your aspirations while you fulfil your duty as a conscientious citizen who cares about the environment and the planet. If you are looking for an electric motorcycle in India and wondering how to finance your aspiration, look no further. Download the LoanTap app today. Enjoy the completely digital seamless process with no paperwork and minimal documentation. No more trips to the bank followed by reams of paperwork and endless documentation and a week of waiting. Make your dreams come true in 24 hours. LoanTap is with you all the way. | <urn:uuid:407db987-d8d3-4c81-9646-e81cd111ff33> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://loantap.in/blog/what-is-the-future-of-electric-scooters-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500304.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206051215-20230206081215-00869.warc.gz | en | 0.949103 | 1,065 | 2.625 | 3 |
- To create a registry of pancreatic cancer patients and members of families where pancreatic cancer is common
To learn about the environmental and lifestyle factors that increase risk for pancreatic cancer
- By comparing pancreatic cancer patients with controls without pancreatic cancer
- By following family members over time
- To collect and store blood and/or mouthwash specimens for genetic analysis
- To offer family members a surveillance program for the possible early detection of pancreatic cancer
- An interview about lifestyle, exposures, and overall health
- A questionnaire on family history of cancer
- A blood sample or saliva sample for genetic analysis
- For at-risk relatives who choose to take part in the surveillance study: a physical exam, body imaging, and endoscopic studies looking for pancreatic cancer
- Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. In spite of this, relatively little is known about what causes this disease.
- We are trying to identify environmental and genetic factors that affect risk in families and individuals with pancreatic cancer. We hope that by learning what causes this disease, we will be able to prevent it or diagnose it earlier.
For additional information find this protocol in our clinical trials database. | <urn:uuid:a37841b8-2d85-4ea1-8307-6aa790347c8f> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.mskcc.org/departments/epidemiology-biostatistics/epidemiology/pancreatic-family-registry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038083007.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415035637-20210415065637-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.924551 | 249 | 3.109375 | 3 |
River Yamuna is one of the biggest rivers to flows through the world's largest river basin- the Ganges river basin. A population of 500 million depends on this river basin, which is spread over nearly 10,86,000 square kilometers. The river basin is also the land of one of the most ancient known civilizations. But the government as well as international studies are now suggesting that this river system which has had religious, political and ecological importance, is now dead.
The government of India claims on its website that the river Yamuna does not have a single drop of natural water after it flows through Delhi. The United Nations website in one of its report declares it as a dead river. People in the country who’ve had even one look at this river would tell you the same.
The ecological impact on river Yamuna has been immense-with the aquatic life disappearing by the day. Fish, turtles, alligators and other such life dependent on fresh river water are dying in the toxic industrial pollutants and sewage dumped in Yamuna. The Taj Mahal, situated on its banks is under threat, as conservationists fear a dry river Yamuna would weaken the wood-based foundation of the Taj Mahal, which requires moisture.
The Lancet, a British medical journal claims in an article that a bacteria found in New Delhi drinking water carries a gene, NDM-1 (New Delhi metallobetalactamase), for an enzyme that conveys resistance to almost all known antibiotics. Resistant bacteria turned up “in public water used for drinking, washing and food preparation and also in pools and rivulets in heavily populated areas where children play. An estimated 500,000 people in New Delhi now carry resistant bacteria.
Medical fraternity is concerned about the rapid spread of this form of bacteria resistance that can imperil all kinds of routine medical procedures that depend on the ability to treat infections. This could lead to the crumbling of the whole edifice of modern medicine. This bacteria resistance could spread to all the towns and villages downstream of Delhi.
Cleaning the river Yamuna is the responsibility of the Government, which is legally bound by law to provide safe drinking water to its citizens. The courts have passed several judgments on the issue of providing clean drinking waters in towns/cities situated on the banks of River Yamuna but all this has proven to be a futile exercise as a dirty Yamuna is becoming dirtier with each passing day.
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Memory loss does not always equal Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, most people who experience mild forgetfulness do not have Alzheimer’s. It is when memory loss begins to interfere with daily activities that it is time to talk to the doctor to determine the cause of the problem. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool used to systematically and thoroughly assess a person’s mental status. The 11-question test measures the five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language.
Some of the questions presented on the test include:
- Can the person tell you what year, month, day, season, etc. it is?
- Can the person repeat an everyday phrase?
- Can the person follow a simple command such as “Close your eyes”?
- Can the person write a complete sentence?
The maximum a person can score is 30, with a score of 23 or lower indicating cognitive impairment. If your loved one scores 23 or below on the MMSE, contact your physician for further testing. If you would like more information about Alzheimer’s disease and screening methods, contact Live Free Home Health Care of Concord, New Hampshire in the Lakes Region or Central New Hampshire, at 603-217-0149, and let us help make your life a little easier. Live Free Home Health Care’s caregivers are specially trained in Alzheimer’s and dementia care by co-owner Jennifer Harvey, RN, a Certified Dementia Practitioner. Caregivers learn the unique approach required to gently encourage someone with Alzheimer’s, using patience, specific activities, diversion and some shared laughter. | <urn:uuid:38021c31-d80d-4b84-b666-7ab69d0ff95a> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://livefreehomehealthcare.com/is-it-alzheimers-take-the-mini-mental-state-exam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038088264.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415222106-20210416012106-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.892746 | 348 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Big Scale Tetra (Brycinus macrolepidotus)
From The Aquarium Wiki
Big Scale Tetra
568 Litres (150 US G.)
45-50 cm (17.7-19.7")
7.0 - 7.8
22 -28 °C (71.6-82.4°F)
- Big Scale Tetra, True Big-Scale Tetra
Additional scientific names
- Alestes macrolepiditus, Alestes macrolepidotus, Alestes rutilus
Origin[edit | edit source]
- Africa: Inter-tropical but absent in the Gambia basin. Senegal, Niger, Chad, Volta and basins from Guinea Bissau to Cameroon; Sudan border, upper Nile, Albert Nile and Murchison Nile, Lake Albert, Victoria, Omo and Lake Turkana, Congo basin.
Sexing[edit | edit source]
- Difficult to sex, colours on males may be more vibrant than females.
Tank compatibility[edit | edit source]
- An exceptionally large member of the African Tetra family and should not be kept with smaller species of fish as they will get eaten.
Diet[edit | edit source]
- Will take most foods including pellets and flake, as well as blanched vegetables and live/frozen food such as shrimp and bloodworm.
Feeding regime[edit | edit source]
- Feed once or twice a day.
Environment specifics[edit | edit source]
- Must have an exceptionally large and long tank to thrive due to its large size and activity levels.
Behaviour[edit | edit source]
- A large fish that does appreciate company of its own kind.
Identification[edit | edit source]
- An elongated and slender fish with, as the common name suggests, large scales down the body. The upper jaw is longer than the lower when the fish is mature. The body is iridescent silver with green hues. They occasionally have black spots at the base of the caudal fin and just behind the gills, and sometimes in mature fish there is an orange lateral stripe down the body from the opercle to the base of the caudal fin.
Pictures[edit | edit source]
[edit | edit source]
- Fishbase (Mirrors: ) | <urn:uuid:74a9c14b-85b7-4882-9721-8e3961c3c0d8> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://www.theaquariumwiki.com/wiki/Brycinus_macrolepidotus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526210.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20190719095313-20190719121313-00196.warc.gz | en | 0.838203 | 495 | 2.875 | 3 |
Neonatal lupus is a rare form of temporary lupus affecting a fetus or newborn. It's not true lupus: It occurs when the mother’s autoantibodies are passed to her child in utero. These autoantibodies can affect the skin, heart, and blood of the baby. Fortunately, infants born with neonatal lupus are not at an increased risk of developing SLE later in life.
Acute cutaneous LE typically presents in the third decade of life and is frequently associated with active SLE. There are localized and generalized forms of ACLE. The localized form is the frequently described malar, or “butterfly” rash, which refers to erythema that occurs over both cheeks, extends over the nasal bridge, and spares the nasolabial folds. These lesions are classically transient, sun-induced, and non-scarring, although dyspigmentation can occur. Patients may initially mistake this rash for a sunburn, and only seek medical attention when it persists for several days. A fine surface scale and/or edema may be associated with the erythema. Malar rashes have been reported to be present in up to 52% of SLE patients at the time of diagnosis, with clinical activity of the rash paralleling that of the systemic disease. This rash can be confused with acne rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis, however the former is associated with the formation of papules and pustules, and the latter occurs within the nasolabial folds.
Some people with lupus experience occasional heartburn, acid reflux, or other gastrointestinal problems. Mild symptoms can be treated with OTC antacids. If you have frequent bouts of acid reflux or heartburn, try cutting down on the size of your meals, and avoid beverages containing caffeine. Also, don’t lie down right after a meal. If symptoms continue, see your doctor to rule out other conditions.
The word Paleo means ancient or older. The Paleo diet, as its name states, is a diet based around focusing on foods that have been eaten by humans for thousands of years during their evolution. Foods that existed before the introduction of agriculture. These foods are fresh and free of any added preservatives, mainly consisting of vegetables and meats. Paleo advocates claim that this way of eating can improve all aspects of your health, including your weight, reduction of disease activity and prevention of some chronic diseases like heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The Paleo diet provides that we should be eating what heals and supports our immune system. This diet includes diet the following diet recommendations as shown in the above graphic:
Inflammation of the lining of the lungs (pleuritis) with pain aggravated by deep breathing (pleurisy) and of the heart (pericarditis) can cause sharp chest pain. The chest pain is aggravated by coughing, deep breathing, and certain changes in body position. The heart muscle itself rarely can become inflamed (carditis). It has also been shown that young women with SLE have a significantly increased risk of heart attacks due to coronary artery disease.
We acknowledge as a limitation that certainty of the evidence was not as high as desirable for most recommendations and probably biased by few randomised clinical trials. Although regional information was published on several topics1 4 10 11 23 24 31–49 we recognise that these guidelines should be updated as research-based changes in our understanding of SLE emerge. Regardless, the publication of these guidelines must be followed by health system engagement and implementation by specialists, major steps towards improvement of lupus treatment in Latin America and low/middle-income countries.
While the onset and persistence of SLE can show disparities between genders, socioeconomic status also plays a major role. Women with SLE and of lower socioeconomic status have been shown to have higher depression scores, higher body mass index, and more restricted access to medical care than women of higher socioeconomic statuses with the illness. People with SLE had more self-reported anxiety and depression scores if they were from a lower socioeconomic status.
Since a large percentage of people with SLE have varying amounts of chronic pain, stronger prescription analgesics (painkillers) may be used if over-the-counter drugs (mainly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) do not provide effective relief. Potent NSAIDs such as indomethacin and diclofenac are relatively contraindicated for people with SLE because they increase the risk of kidney failure and heart failure.
Analgesics, or pain relievers, are medicines that reduce or relieve headaches, sore muscles, arthritis, or other aches and pains. There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantages and risks. Some types of pain respond better to certain medicines than others. Each person may also have a slightly different response to a pain reliever.
A. Like Gomez, people with lupus often begin chemotherapy, which helps to suppress the immune system. Gomez has said that she is in remission, which means her disease is not causing her any symptoms. With luck, these remissions can last for years. But about 25% of people with lupus a year experience a "flare," in which symptoms recur. To keep the disease under control, people with lupus need to be treated for the rest of their lives. Most take a drug called hydroxychloroquine, which is also used to fight malaria. People also usually take an immune-suppressing drug, Gilkeson said.
Corticosteroids may also be used to get rid of lupus flares, or the appearance of symptoms after a period of remission, says Francis Luk, MD, an assistant professor of rheumatology and immunology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. “Depending on severity and type of flare and how many flares the patient has recently experienced, rheumatologists may adjust medications,” he adds.
Affiliate Disclosure: There are links on this site that can be defined as affiliate links. This means that I may receive a small commission (at no cost to you) if you purchase something when clicking on the links that take you through to a different website. By clicking on the links, you are in no way obligated to buy.
Please Note: The material on this site is provided for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult your physician before beginning any diet or exercise program.
Copyright © livehopelupus.org | <urn:uuid:77c0db40-f633-4449-9b39-ecf73f39142f> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.livehopelupus.org/lupus-eating-diet-can-lupus-heal-naturally.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584431529.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123234228-20190124020228-00098.warc.gz | en | 0.952351 | 1,350 | 3.234375 | 3 |
On April 19, 1971, a little over five weeks after he lost a unanimous decision to “Smokin” Joe Frazier for the undisputed heavyweight championship of the world, Muhammad Ali's appeal of his conviction for refusing to be inducted into the US military during the Vietnam war was argued before the Supreme Court. On June 28, 1971 the court ruled in Ali's favor 8-0 and reversed the conviction. Muhammad Ali won the biggest fight of his life outside the boxing ring.
During the quickly assembled press conference after the ruling, the first question Ali was asked was whether or not he was going to sue the government for wrongly stripping him of his heavyweight title. Ali immediately responded, “No.” And he went on to say that the fight was over and that he held no malice towards anyone. The government did what it believed in and thought was right just as he took a stand in doing what he believed in and thought was right.
Think about that for a moment. Ali wasn't about trying to gain some sort of restitution or revenge from the entity that robbed him of his physical prime as a fighter and cost him millions in earnings. And in reality part of the reason why Ali's health isn't as good as it could be today is because he tried to make up the lost millions from his three and a half year exile on the back-end of his career. Thus he endured punishment as an older fighter in his late thirties. Yet he walked away from his fight and struggle with the government with a clear head and didn't live the rest of his life as a bitter or damaged man.
We should've grasped it right then and there, and perhaps some of us did, how big a man Muhammad Ali is and has always been. Sure, like everyone else he has his warts and perhaps went overboard with his pre-fight antics before his title bouts with Floyd Patterson, Ernie Terrell and Joe Frazier. But that aside, Ali has always seen the big picture and has never been the least bit petty or small minded on serious issues that matter.
Muhammad Ali was born January 17, 1942. Today he turns 70 years old. What's left to be said about him that hasn't already been documented? Ali's life in and out of the ring has been covered so much to the point that it's been exhausted. Instead of trying to find something to say about his career or the influence he's had world-wide as a humanitarian since he retired as a fighter that hasn't already been said, I thought I'd share a true story about my first encounter with “The Greatest.”
It was late April of 1971, I was in 6th grade and lived in Haddonfield, New Jersey, (20 minutes outside of Philadelphia where heavyweight champ Joe Frazier resided), which is the neighboring town of Cherry Hill where Muhammad Ali moved to in 1970. He lived on Ann Drive off of Kresson Road about 8 miles from my house. I was warned by my father numerous times that I was forbidden to ride my bike that far out to Ali's house hoping to meet him. Yeah, like that was gonna stop me!
On this Saturday afternoon in late April of 1971 I talked a friend of mine, Bob Arnold, into riding our bikes out to Ali's house with the hopes of meeting him. Bob wasn't much of a boxing fan but meeting Ali convinced him to take the excursion. On the way there Bob and I debated whether or not he was gonna be home. Once we arrived it was obvious that no one was there and the trip was for naught.
Just as we were starting to ride away I got a flat on the back tire of my Schwinn Apple Krate, which put me in a dilemma because I now had to call my father and ask him to come and pick me up. So I knocked at Ali's next door neighbor's door and asked if I could use the phone to call my father. They were very accommodating and said they were used to people driving by looking to get a glimpse of Ali. When I called my father, he asked me exactly where I was calling from. I hemmed and hawed. Finally, he asked if I had gone to Muhammad Ali's house, and I said yes. He replied, “Instead of giving you a beating, walk your bike home or go asked Muhammad to give you a ride,” and then hung up. So I walked my bike home but didn't get an ass whipping from my father when I got there.
Seven months later and two weeks after Ali fought Buster Mathis, I talked three friends, Joe Carbone, Jimmy Avery and Danny Till, into cutting school and going out to Ali's house. This time it was worth the trip. When we approached Ali's house he was outside raking. He caught us staring at him and motioned us to approach the gate by the entrance of his driveway. When we got there he opened the gate and told us to come in. Once we were on his property, he smiled at us and asked, “You guys skipped school to come out here, didn't you”? “Yes,” we replied. He then said, “What school do you go to because I have to call your truant officer and tell him that you're here.” And then he smiled and asked if we were thirsty and we said yes. He then took us down to a lower level of the house to which half the room was surrounded by a bar and fountain. Ali then said, “I have any kind of soda you want.”
After we told him what kind of soda we wanted his wife, Belinda, came down stairs and told him that the drapery man was there and they had to decide on what color they wanted. And by the way the conversation unfolded between them, it sounded as if there was a conflict between the colors red and purple. Ali excused himself from us for a second and said he had to straighten out his wife. He then joined her in a mildly heated debate which was hard to decipher what exactly was being said. After a couple minutes of banter, Belinda walked away from him saying, “That's it Muhammad, I'm going with our first choice. If you don't like it, tough. Don't give me a hard time or I'll go call Joe. He's right across the bridge.” After hearing that Ali had the look on his face as if he were a little kid and had his hand caught in the cookie jar.
For the next 15 or so minutes Ali chatted with us and asked what we were studying in school and what our parents did as an occupation. Shortly after that he said he had to go and asked us to follow him to the gate so he could see us out. As we were leaving he said, “The next time we come around during a school day I'm going to report you to your school for playing hooky.” He then waved and went back towards the house.
Years later when I was with him at the 20th anniversary celebration of Frazier-Ali I in Center City Philadelphia, I told him the story and he asked if his old house in Cherry Hill was still there. I told him that it was but it was no longer the nicest house on the street. He laughed.
It's inconceivable that you'd be able to do that with any elite athlete today, let alone hands down the most famous. And it's strange, because Muhammad Ali pretty much set the stage for today's self absorbed super stars, yet he never distanced himself from anyone. And I'm sure that, were his health good, he'd be exactly the way he was back then now when it came to access.
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Cameras that detect movement of the eyes on computer screen will help people with diseases limiting communicate.
A French scientist has developed a system for writing and drawing on a screen of your computer using only eye movements, technology that could help people suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the same disease that affects the scientist Stephen Hawkin, or who has the locked-in syndrome, such as Jean-Dominique Bauby, who had his story told in the film Diving Bell and the Butterfly. The study was published online in the journal Current Biology.
“Working with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), who lose their limb movements and the ability to swallow. What they have left is the eye movement,” said Jean Lorenceau, a researcher at the Research Center of the Brain Institute and Spinal Cord, linked to the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) French.
The developed system is a prototype and not yet available for sales. It works like a blank page on the computer screen. With the use of a device already known which records the eye movement via a camera, which allows to write or draw a fluid.
Others have developed similar devices only allow a person to select letters or words on a screen. The apparatus Lorenceau brings greater autonomy for those who missed the movements.
The challenge was to help the eye to make smooth movements, as a static background on the eyeball only produces an irregular succession of jolts. Lorenceau resorted then a trick: the optical illusion “reverse-phi”, discovered by American Stuart Anstis in 1970.
This trick provides “a kind of mobile support” in the eyes to help them make regular movements. It takes two to four training sessions of half an hour to control eye movements and trace letters and figures on the screen.
Besides the obvious opportunities for people with disabilities, this system has other applications professionals (players, riders or dancers), where the accuracy of eye movements is important.
Computers and robotics used in helping people with reduced mobility are increasingly sophisticated. A recently published American experience showed that people could manipulate a quadriplegic robot with the power of thought, thanks to a system of electrodes implanted in the brain. | <urn:uuid:ce892d5a-f983-43f6-8029-cb9e4505e60e> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.technocrates.org/scientist-develops-a-system-that-lets-you-draw-and-write/1251/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542687.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00410-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943616 | 459 | 3.390625 | 3 |
With 90% of Instagram’s users being under the age of 35, there’s no doubt that posting pictures online and on social media is a popular pastime for many students. Since so many teens are posting pictures of themselves online, many parents are wondering how they can keep their kids safe and smart on social media.
So, we asked 6 safety experts to share their favorite tips, best practices, and advice for teens who post pictures on social media.
- Showcase your professional skills
- Give students the tools they need to be smart online Robin Kelman, Sylvia Marketing & PR, @RobinKelman
- Photos are public as soon as they’re published online
Peter Schroeder, RendrFX, @RenderFX When sharing photos online, consider it to be public information. When I hire people, I always do a basic search through social media channels to see if there is any cause for concern. Just remember when you send a photo out into the wild, it is out of your control where it goes. Consider using your public facing social media accounts to showcase your professional skills and have private accounts for your more personal matters.
Give kids the tools they need to be smart online. Let them know that the things they put online are there for the duration, there is no retracting once it goes live on the internet. As far as photos, they are for everyone to see, so if they don’t want this they shouldn’t post it.
I suggest sharing experiences with students, allowing them to research online to see how far back you can look into someone’s past and get viable information.
Anything you share online lasts forever so you should seriously consider every outcome. –Alyse Ainsworth
- Are you comfortable with anyone in the world seeing this photo?
Anything you share online lasts forever so you should seriously consider every outcome. How would you feel if this picture was shown to your teacher or your grandma? Would you feel comfortable if this picture ended up on the homepage of a website? If not, then don’t share it. When you post a photo over social media you are making that photo and any information possibly tied to the photo public. Anyone can now save, share, and use your photo.
When considering sharing a photo on social media, remember that it has the potential to last forever. Even though you can always delete the content, someone else could have taken a screenshot or republished it anywhere. The content could even have been cached in the Internet Archive, where a snapshot of it can be hosted forever.
Is this photo something you’re going to be proud to share the rest of your life? Would you be comfortable with college administrators, family, and employers viewing this photo? If you have to hesitate to answer, don’t make the photo part of your personal history.
Start to think of your social media pages as brand-building tools for yourself. –Justin Lavelle
Justin Lavelle, PeopleLooker
Start to think of your social media pages as brand-building tools for yourself. You’re telling a story about who you are for the world to see. Colleges and future employers can and do check your pages, so think before you post last weekend’s party picture. Photos of hobbies, family, friends, outings, and sports activities are all fine to post, just keep it clean and family-friendly.
Once a photo is posted, it is a permanent footprint for the world to see and anyone can lift a photo to do as they wish with it. So photos from your high school and college years can come back to haunt you later in life if you’re not careful. Limit who can see your photos by using privacy controls on all of your social media pages. There’s no need for every social media user to have access to your photos.
Sharing pictures on social media is fun and there’s no denying that, but there are few things which should be considered before posting your pictures on social media. You should make sure that the picture you are posting does not have anything which can reveal your personal information. No matter how awesome your picture is, if it has any of your personal information or sensitive information, please do not post it. Also, make sure to assess who you are sharing your picture with because not all of your friends and followers truly are your friends! | <urn:uuid:8ff47217-17e1-48e3-91e7-92e13f7033e2> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://smartsocial.com/students-share-photos-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506477.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401223807-20200402013807-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.944629 | 905 | 2.515625 | 3 |
BLP (Building Learning Power)
The goal of BLP is to develop our pupil’s independence so that they are equipped with the learning habits needed to help them thrive beyond the walls of Copthorne.
BLP is deeply ingrained in both teaching and learning across our school and the ethos of each classroom: through the use of different BLP ‘muscles’, we aim to develop the attitudes of curious, confident and independent learners. The language of BLP is actively used by pupils, teachers and support staff and children clearly understand the of the different aspects of BLP and can confidently explain how each muscle underpins and supports their learning.
The use of BLP is celebrated weekly across the school. Through weekly awards, pupils are learning to recognise and develop their roles as ‘good learners’ rather than ‘good students’. They understand that learning and challenge are not always about getting something right, but rather about the effort they put into their learning. This promotes a growth mindset approach within the children, helping them to become lifelong, resilient learners.
To ensure pupils have ownership over their learning, each class has BLP Advisors who develop ideas for raising the profile of BLP and are pivotal in explaining the new monthly learning muscles to their peers and identifying how they can use them in their learning. | <urn:uuid:d1a9366a-c532-4098-a8db-570f2f88e3d0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://copthorneacademy.co.uk/curriculum/blp-building-learning-power/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141652107.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201043603-20201201073603-00592.warc.gz | en | 0.976912 | 271 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Morals and ethics are terms that describe how people decide what to do based on judgements of what is right and wrong. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they don't always refer the the same concepts. Morals are derived from beliefs that can be held by anyone, even by people who are irrational. Ethics, in the normative sense, are derived from rationality. Ethical conflicts can occur when different morals conflict with one another or when ethics and morals are out of balance.
Moral beliefs generally fall under the discipline of descriptive ethics. An individual’s own beliefs or a community’s culture describes how behaviors are judged as right and wrong. Codes of conduct are established based on common beliefs. Since different people, cultures and communities have different belief systems, moral beliefs -- or descriptive ethics -- are not universal. Expectations as to how someone should behave are not consistent.
When morals are considered normative rather than descriptive, judgements of right or wrong should be universal. Religious differences and individual beliefs shouldn’t matter. Normative ethics is a discipline that attempts to explain how every rational person should view acceptable behavior, regardless of any individual’s or group’s beliefs. Normative ethics is also referred to as “prescriptive ethics” because the expectation is that it should be possible to prescribe a universal code of conduct. Judgements of right or wrong should be consistent across all societies. To disagree with such judgments would be irrational.
The laws or rules of a society represent another code of conduct. A society is typically made up of several communities, many of which can have different moral beliefs defining different codes of conduct -- despite theories about normative ethics. Laws don’t always agree with each group’s code of conduct. While most moral beliefs and ethical codes seek to prevent harm to others, laws within a given society are established to protect that society as a whole and could work against some moral or ethical prohibitions against individuals.
Ethical conflicts can emerge when codes of conduct conflict in a given situation. For an example, consider a scenario posed several years ago in the magazine "Social Work Today." A social worker in a state-funded public agency is not allowed to counsel a clinically depressed undocumented immigrant who has previously attempted suicide. If he counsels the immigrant and saves her life, he will lose his job. If he turns away and the immigrant successfully commits suicide, the social worker’s inaction will have broken moral and ethical codes against allowing harm to come to others.
A moral dilemma occurs when someone is faced with a choice of two options, both of which will break some moral code. Stem cell research offers hope that could save millions of lives, but it requires the destruction of human embryos. A terminally ill patient is experiencing constant, excruciating pain and the only way to relieve that pain will cause the patient’s death. These are just two examples of moral dilemmas that are so difficult to resolve they can lead to political and legal battles.
A careers content writer, Debra Kraft is a former English teacher whose 25-plus year corporate career includes training and mentoring. She holds a senior management position with a global automotive supplier and is a senior member of the American Society for Quality. Her areas of expertise include quality auditing, corporate compliance, Lean, ERP and IT business analysis. | <urn:uuid:c8859bf3-8626-408c-a0d8-e31a926d9a4d> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.theclassroom.com/moral-beliefs-vs-ethical-conflicts-12087641.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703537796.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123094754-20210123124754-00521.warc.gz | en | 0.952309 | 682 | 4.21875 | 4 |
1878-1943. William Aberhart is arguably the most influential premier of Alberta
Already well known as a teacher, Dean of the Calgary Prophetic Bible Institute, and a radio personality, "Bible Bill" became involved with the curious monetary theories of Major C.H. Douglas, a British engineer. Douglas's ideas, known as "social credit", were about the discrepancy between the costs of production and the purchasing power of individuals, and seemed particularly attractive during the depression of the 1930's. In the early thirties, William lobbied the United Farmers of Alberta government to put Social Credit into effect by issuing direct grants to individuals to increase their purchasing power.
The United Farmers ignored the Social Credit advocates, so Bill organized the Social Credit Party, which won the election and came to power in 1935. Oddly enough, Bill didn't run as a candidate himself, but as leader of the party, was effectively premier. Shortly thereafter, he ran in a by-election and won his seat in the Legislature.
In their first term, Bill and the Social Credit Government legislated its "prosperity certificate" program. Essentially, the provincal government printed its own money, which it distributed to each citizen. This, of course, raised some eyebrows in Ottawa, and was promptly declared unconstitutional.
William continued to lead the Social Credit party and the province of Alberta until his untimely death in 1943. The Social Credit party went on to govern Alberta for another 28 years, for a total uninterrupted stretch of 35 years (1935-1971). | <urn:uuid:6ac85c49-0b99-4191-9af3-35c5b48746da> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://everything2.com/title/William+Aberhart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189083.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00178-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977521 | 316 | 2.5625 | 3 |
As more information came to light regarding the connection between Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and football, players, doctors, and managers started advocating for better and safer play. Though the NFL itself has been slow in responding (slow being the polite word), more and more people are coming around to the side of these players. Attendance has gone down at games, and a growing contingent of parents and schools have shifted from football to other sports.
Those parents are right. A study published in the Annals of Neurology has found “that playing tackle football before age 12 could lead to long-term consequences later in life,” reports USA TODAY. The lead researchers were from the VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, whose previous work found a connection between youth tackle football and CTE.
What the study said
Researchers looked at 246 donated brains for the study. Of those 265:
- 211 had evidence of CTE
- 126 “were without comorbid neurodegenerative diseases,” meaning they only showed signs of CTE
- 35 brains showed no evidence of CTE at all
According to their findings, the age of the player did not indicate how severe the CTE pathology was. In other words, playing tackle football at a younger age did not mean that the player’s CTE was more severe than those of players who started later. But what they did find was “In the 211 participants with CTE, every one year younger participants began to play tackle football predicted earlier reported cognitive symptom onset by 2.44 years (p
In layman’s terms, how severe a player’s CTE was had nothing to do with age – but the younger the player was when he started, the faster the signs and symptoms showed up. For players who started before the age of 12, those signs started showing up, on average, 13.39 years later (cognitive) and 13.28 years later (behavioral). The same averages held true when the researchers looked at the 126 brains of players who only exhibited signs of CTE, without other conditions like Alzheimer’s.
Want to protect your kids? Don’t let them play football
Three years ago, we wrote an open letter to the parents of high school football players, urging them to keep their kids from playing. We work with people with serious brain injuries and cognitive damage every day, and it was important to us then – just as it is now – that we do what we can to help put a stop to this needless and incurable condition. That means keeping your kids away from football altogether.
This isn’t a high school player problem. This isn’t a college player problem. This isn’t a professional player problem.
These are children. Playing tackle football as a child can lead to an incurable brain disease. That disease will eventually kill them. And that disease could take root in your child’s brain before he is even old enough to ride alone on some of the roller coasters at King’s Island.
The science is clear. Football causes brain damage, and the younger you are when you play, the faster the symptoms could show up.
Choose the future. Choose your children. Choose life.
Crandall & Pera Law is proud to represent clients throughout Ohio and Kentucky. If you believe your child has been seriously injured while playing football or another contact sport, let us help you. To schedule a free consultation with an experienced brain injury lawyer, please call 877-686-8879 or fill out our contact form.
- Friday Night Lights Out: The Truth about Football and Long Term Brain Damage
- Dear Parents: Please Keep Your Children Away from Football
- Should There Be a Legal Age Limit for Playing Football?
- College Football Players Diagnosed with CTE Confirms Warnings from Concussion Legacy Foundation
- First Extreme Sport Athlete Diagnosed with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy | <urn:uuid:6db9b466-9af6-440f-b2e9-98448c93b9c1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.injuryverdicts.com/blog/2018/05/study-proves-that-youth-tackle-football-can-lead-to-brain-disease-later/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141706569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202083021-20201202113021-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.967424 | 822 | 3 | 3 |
Leeds County was established in 1792, one of the original nineteen counties created by Governor John Graves Simcoe. It was named for the fifth Duke of Leeds, Francis Godolphin Osborne.
The area was first settled by United Empire Loyalists who arrived in 1784. Townships were set aside for specific soldiers, for instance Township 8 (Elizabethtown Township) was set aside for Jessup's Loyal Rangers.
In 1788 western Leeds County was opened for settlement, in the 1790's the rear townships were opened. Settlement was slow until after the war of 1812 when disbanded soldiers and British emigrants settled in the area. A majority of the British emigrants were from Scotland and arrived in 1816. Even more settlement occurred during the 1820's after the construction of the Rideau Canal.
1792-1798 - part of Eastern District
1798-1849 - part of Leeds District
1852-present - part of the municipality of Leeds and Grenville United Counties
Grenville County was established as a county in Eastern District in 1792. It was named for British Secretary-of-State for Foreign Affairs, William Wyndham Grenville.
As with Leeds County, Grenville County's first settlers were United Empire Loyalists (specifically Jessup's Loyal Rangers) who arrived in 1784 and settled along the St. Lawrence River.
Grenville County is primarily rural but is also the home of several successful industries including the Canada Starch Company, the first starch factory in Canada (established 1858).
1792-1798 - In Eastern District
1798-1850 - In Johnstown District
1850-present - Part of the municipality of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville.
A volunteer is needed to maintain this website and answer visitor enquiries regarding genealogy research in this area.
A host is a person who is knowledgeable about Leeds & Grenville. Knowledge includes knowing what genealogy resources are available for this particular area of Ontario and where they can be found -- inside and outside of Ontario. Personal research experience in this area is a bonus.
Also seeking Consultants – volunteers who are knowledgeable about this area but have no desire to maintain a website. A consultant has one task: to answer inquiries about doing genealogy research in Leeds & Grenville. Personal research experience in/of Leeds & Grenville is required. Where you live is not an issue.
|Thanks to Bruce Murduck & Hugh Campbell for hosting Leeds & Grenville GenWeb 1997-2008
||This site is part of OntarioGenWeb | <urn:uuid:0158fa69-a744-46c5-893c-0c2284c53922> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~onleedsg/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462839.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00073-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949501 | 528 | 3.171875 | 3 |
First through sixth grade students are learning the basics of computer science by participating in the International Hour of Code, the largest learning event in history. From December 5-11, millions of kids in over 180 countries will take the Hour of Code challenge. Hour of Code is initiative is organized by non-profit Code.org to explain the world of coding, and inspire students of all ages to consider a career in computer science. After the initial hour, the code activities remain online at https://code.org/learn so students can try more lessons in their free time.
Hour of Code is an opportunity for every child to learn how the technology around us works. During the hour, participants learn to program using one or more of the free tutorials offered on the Code.org website. The activities are organized by age and experience and begin with a brief introduction to computer science. Students can choose tasks that include solving a problem for Disney’s daring teenager Moana, taking Alex or Steve on an adventure through a Minecraft world, or building a Star Wars Galaxy. | <urn:uuid:6b44b82b-0940-41d0-8b09-8b2ccac8ef28> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.hcosd.org/article/33159?org=holyoke | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506832.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116165621-20210116195621-00574.warc.gz | en | 0.934688 | 212 | 3.765625 | 4 |
The pineapples lush, sweet, exotic flavour make it a family favourite – but did you know that pineapple is also one of the most healthful foods available today?
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme in pineapples, is often used as a supplement itself to help boost health and clear up various health issues. Of course, eating pineapple in itself will deliver these same effects such as better heart and circulatory health, improvement in asthma and other breathing conditions as well as improved immunity, reduced inflammation and suppressed growth of cancer cells.
Bromelain possesses anticoagulant properties, and thus slows down the ability of blood to clot. This, combined with bromelain’s anti-inflammatory properties, make it a great nutritional supplement (in pure form – aka. eating a pineapple) for bruise prevention and to reduce swelling and redness from burns or sports injuries. Consuming pineapple after surgery is another way to reduce the trauma associated with incisions or injections.
There are a variety of inflammatory-related conditions, ranging from arthritis to inflammatory bowel disease and sinusitis as well as inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, acne, rosacea, dermatitis and psoriasis. The list doesn’t end there. In fact, many diseases nowadays are caused by a major influx of inflammation in the cells and tissues, whether that be from consuming the wrong foods or living in less-than-optimal environmental conditions (i.e., chemical hazards, smog, pollution, etc.).
Bromelain has been useful in treating all of the above inflammatory disorders. The major mechanism of action of bromelain is proteolytic in nature, and may also involve immunomodulatory and hormone like activity acting via intracellular signalling pathways. It has also been shown that bromelain significantly reduces CD4+T lymphocytes, which are the primary effectors involved in inflammation in the body.
Research also indicates that the pain and discomfort associated with arthritis can be reduced by supplementing with 200 – 400 mg of bromelain per day (or you could just eat lots of pineapple every day and get the same effects – remember, the natural, real form of these enzymes are far better than their modified, synthetic form).
Immunity & Cancer
Research published in the journal Planta Medica, found that the chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorauracil, was incredibly inferior to bromelain when treating cancer in an animal study. Those treated with bromelain survived 263% times more than those treated with 5-fluorauracil, relative to the untreated control. Bromelain caused no external harm to the animals, other than improving their health. Chemotherapy drugs do more harm than good, and actually kill off your healthy cells, and make more chemo resistant and malignant cell types within the tumour (meaning the cancer becomes resistant to the chemo drugs).
In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant effects of bromelain help to boost our immunity. Studies have shown that it may be able to enhance certain immune receptors in the body, and thus enhance the ability of the body to defend against bacteria and viruses at a more efficient rate. Bromelain helps mechanisms that are already in place to work faster, and more efficiently together, and to allow cells to communicate better with one another.
Pineapple is also incredibly rich in vitamin C, which is the body’s primary water-soluble antioxidant. It defends against free radicals that attack and damage normal cells. Vitamin C is essential for proper immune function, and has also been extensively studied by Dr. Ronal Hunninghake (15-year research project called RECNAC), who showed that vitamin C was selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells in cell cultures.
Heart & Circulatory Health and Breathing Conditions
Bromelain, being an anti-coagulant, means that it may allow blood to flow more freely through the circulatory system. Blood that flows more freely is thinner, and is associated with a reduced chance of stroke, heart attack and other circulatory and heart related issues.
Not only does it help with cardiovascular health, but pineapple’s bromelain enzyme also works in such a way that it breaks down mucus and thins its consistency. In conditions like asthma where breathing is often blocked by thick mucus in the lungs, bromelain acts as a mucus thinner, and helps un-clog the bronchial tubes of the lungs, helping patients breathe better.
All parts of the pineapple contain bromelain, however, the core of the pineapple has more concentrated amounts – be sure to stick the core through a juicer to get all the benefits out of your next pineapple feast!
Tochi, B., Wang, Z., Xu, S., & Zhang, W. (2008). Therapeutic application of pineapple protease (bromelain): A review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7, 513-520.
Gaby, A. (1999). Alternative treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Altern Med Rev, 4, 392-402.
Maurer, H. (2001) Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology, and medical use. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 58, 1234-1245.
Eckert, K., Grabowska, E., Stange, R., Schneider, U., Eschmann, K., & Maurer, R. (1994) Effects of oral bromelain administration on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from mammory tumor patients. Oncology Reports, 6, 1191-1199.
Credit to Life Love Fruit | <urn:uuid:c8277dc3-f664-43b0-b195-29113e936022> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://www.spahuahin.net/blog/pineapple-healthy-powerhouse | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515501.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517031843-20220517061843-00624.warc.gz | en | 0.929777 | 1,237 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Contrast between law and gospel
Throughout this section of Romans, Paul uses the Old Testament for support. (There are more quotes per verse in these chapters than anywhere else in the New Testament.) In Romans 10:5, he quotes Leviticus 18:5: “For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: ‘The one who does these things will live by them.’” The old covenant included faith, but it emphasized obedience. Since no one could do everything the law required, it could never be a means of righteousness. The new covenant, however, is based on Christ, so it succeeds where the old covenant could not.
“But the righteousness that is by faith says: ‘Do not say in your heart, “Who will ascend into heaven?”’ (that is, to bring Christ down) or ‘Who will descend into the abyss?’ (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead)” (Romans 10:6-7, quoting parts of Deuteronomy 30:4, 12-13). In Deuteronomy 30, Moses told the Israelites that God did not choose them because they were righteous, so they should have known that God could reveal himself to sinners, including Gentiles. Moses told the Israelites that the commandments are revealed rather than hidden. God’s word for them was readily available. Paul applied this principle to Christ and the gospel—the word of God in the gospel is easy to obtain.
“But what does it say?” Paul asks in verse 8, and then he quotes Deuteronomy 30:14: “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart.” Deuteronomy goes on to say “so you may obey it,” but Paul does not quote that, for he is applying the principle to the gospel, not the law. He says instead, “…that is, the word of faith that we preach.” The message about righteousness through faith is near you — it is not hard to find.
Paul shows how accessible true righteousness is: “If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved” (verse 9). Paul is not giving a new formula for salvation that requires spoken words — he is showing how the words mouth and heart apply to the gospel. It is Christ (not the law) that should be in the heart and mind.
“For with the heart one believes and thus has righteousness and with the mouth one confesses and thus has salvation” (verse 10). Paul puts faith and confession as parallel ideas, not distinctly different, and he puts righteousness and salvation as roughly equivalent terms. The law required obedience, but the gospel requires acceptance.
Everyone is invited
“For the scripture says,” Paul notes in verse 11, “Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.” This is quoted from Isaiah 28:16, which says that God will lay a cornerstone in Zion for a sure foundation, and people who have faith in this cornerstone will not be found short on the day of judgment. Paul quoted the entire verse in 9:33; here he just repeats the part about believing in Christ as the key to salvation.
Paul then repeats a favorite theme: “For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved” (verses 12-13, quoting Joel 2:32). Salvation comes by calling on the Lord, looking to him for salvation. In Joel, the Lord was Yahweh, but Paul uses the verse for Christ, showing that he accepted Jesus as God.
Salvation comes by accepting Jesus Christ as Lord. The problem is that Paul’s own people are rejecting the message. He highlights this in verse 14: “How are they to call on one they have not believed in?” They have to call on the Lord to be saved, but if people think he is a crucified criminal instead of the Messiah, they won’t call on him.
“And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them? And how are they to preach unless they are sent?” (verses 14-15). Salvation comes in response to the preaching. But the problem can’t be solved by sending more preachers — preachers have already been sent, and most of the Jews still haven’t believed. So where in the sequence is the problem for the Jews?
Israel hears but does not believe
Messengers were sent: “As it is written, ‘How timely is the arrival of those who proclaim the good news’” (verse 15). This is quoted from the Greek version of Isaiah 52:7, which uses the common New Testament verb for preaching the gospel. In Isaiah’s day, the good news was the prophecy of the people being restored to their land.
Author: Michael Morrison, 2004, 2015 | <urn:uuid:972a6e69-fd0e-4e4b-a812-d3c819b0a235> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://archive.gci.org/articles/israels-opportunity-for-salvation-a-study-of-romans-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511351.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004020329-20231004050329-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.962484 | 1,089 | 2.734375 | 3 |
A Speedometer is an instrument that shows the speed of a vehicle. It usually comes together with a device known as an odometer that records the distance traveled. The speed indicating dial is shown in either kilometer per hour, miles per hour, or both in some models.
[BOLD](What does a bike speedometer measure)
A bicycle speedometer knew as a cyclometer, a cycle computer, or a cylcocomputer is a device that’s mounted on a bicycle to calculate and display information about a ride. It is similar to the instruments that are attached to the dashboard of your car. For easy viewing, the computer is attached to the handlebar of the bicycle.
The main job of a bicycle speedometer is to accurately and precisely measure your bicycling activity such as distance covered, altitude, speed, power, cadence, and heart rate.
Many cyclists are curious about their metrics, how far they traveled and how fast they ride. And this is exactly what a bike speedometer does – tells you all you want to know about your ride including your cadence and power. Others also offer navigation that is a detailed direction for your route.
[BOLD](Do you need a bike speedometer?)
Do I need a bike speedometer? This is a question I’m sure you’ve asked yourself before. The answer is if you’re into cycling especially tournaments or you regularly ride for a long time, and you want full information about the data relating to those rides, then you need a bike computer. But hey, that handset or smartwatch can also give you the required feedback about your rides. This is a good way of saving some cash while getting the whole information you need about your ride.
[BOLD](How to Use your smartphone as a bike computer)
Almost all GPS-enabled phones are compatible with cycling apps. Mapmyride & Strada are two well-known cycling apps. They provide you with performance data, allow you to navigate and download your data to analyze later. These apps also allow you to share your data and routes with your friends and correlate your rides with others in the online community. A good thing is that the basic functions of these apps like logging mileage and the routes you ride are free. For more premium features, you’ll need a subscription.
If you got a cyclist app that meets your needs, the next thing is to get a bike phone mount that you’ll use to attach your phone securely to your bike’s handlebar.
A disadvantage of using a phone as a bike speedometer is providing ride information and navigation consumes a lot of battery power. But if your phone battery is good, then this isn’t an issue to worry about. However, just know that batteries in cycle computers and fitness trackers will surely last more than phone batteries. Some cyclists also shun the idea of using phone cyclist apps as they prefer to save their battery power and use it to call in case of accident or break down.
[BOLD](How to Use a Fitness Tracker as a Bike Speedometer)
One of the most commonly used devices as bike speedometers is a fitness tracker. This is because most GPS-enabled fitness trackers feature a cycling mode that offers navigation aid and performance feedback and navigation aid. If you’re the type that enjoys many activities and is a techie on each, then Fitness trackers are a good option for you. An additional important of using a GPS fitness tracker is there’s no need to mount it on your bike as it will be on your wrist. Just look for a good and high-quality fitness tracker on Amazon or the nearest store and grab.
[BOLD](How to Use a Cycle Computer as a bike speedometer)
Using one device in different ways is of additional importance, but having a dedicated device for a certain activity is a virtue. Getting a real cyclo-computer as your bike speedometer will enable you to get more precise data and a wide range of metrics. Cycle Computers also feature customizable displays and a longer battery display for longer rides or tournaments. Just like any other gear, higher quality cycle computers provide you with more powerful processing, a more elegant user interface, and more additional features.
[BOLD](Key Features of a Bike Speedometer)
In this section, we shall take a look at the key features every good bike speedometer shall have.
- GPS Functions
Almost all bike speedometers feature Glo an l Positioning System (GPS), only the basic and most cheap ones aren’t GPS enabled and I guess you won’t go for such type. GPS monitoring deals with a lot of data control ranging from a distance, speed, elevation, and general navigation functions.
Some expensive bike computers come with a more sophisticated GPS function that enables you to connect to multiple satellite systems for precise and faster tracking.
- Wireless Technology
In the past years, the argument is always about wired and wireless gadgets. These days, wireless gears have taken over the technology world and bike speedometers aren’t left behind also. Now, almost all bike computers are wireless and operate with added sensors, phones,s or laptops. The more sophisticated ones also work with added communication technologies like Bluetooth.
- Cycling Functions
Most bike speedometers offer data like speed and distance. Advanced ones can track elevation, power, and cadence. The presence of special sensors to monitor key data improves the accuracy of data and most bike speedometers are now sold in bundles containing such sensors. If you’re intending to buy a speedometer and a special sensor, consider buying them together as bundle price is cheaper.
- Mountain Bike Functions
Most Cyclocomputers feature mountain bike functions. The great importance of this feature is that it enables you to use apps that provide precise navigational data and trail information. Other mountain bike metrics include, smoothness of you’d descent, and jumps. If possible, get a bike speedometer that features mountain bike functions as you’ll be able to enjoy getting more precise and accurate information.
- Heart rate monitoring function
Some bike speedometer provides cardio and training data on par with advanced fitness trackers. However, you’ll need to connect it to a chest strap or a fitness tracker that has a wrist-based sensor to be able to read heart rate data on your bike speedometer.
Cycling speedometers are worth buying, this is because they are purposely designed for this job. They’re high quality, crash-proof, waterproof, and aerodynamic, which makes them a safer option than phones and fitness trackers. Also, some advanced bike computers offer additional features like heart rate monitoring, cycling functions, and mountain bike functions. But, if you want to save some dollars your mobile phone or fitness tracker can do the job of a fitness tracker for you.
An important thing to take note of in bicycle speedometers is their water resistance. Generally, these gadgets are built to keep out heavy rain, but the water resistance level varies from brand to brand. Experience has shown that the bicycle speedometer model that has altitude functions should not be immersed in water, as they need a vent to enable the altimeter to work which is why they should be kept away from water as much as possible.
Another crucial thing to consider is the battery life. Here, the type of cycling you do will determine how much battery life you will need. Bike computers are designed to be used for long periods and come with batteries that last for a long time, however, the life expectancy of the batteries varies. Make sure you choose a durable speedometer that has a long battery life, at least long enough for your rides.
Most bike speedometers will last for an average of 15 to 18 hours when used conservatively. This is one of the reasons why you’re enjoined to get a bike computer rather than to use a fitness tracker or your mobile phone to track your riding information. As stated earlier, the main work of a cyclo-computer is to help you track your riding performance and at times provides navigation information, if you can’t afford a bicycle speedometer, then you can use the STRADA app which is an excellent cycling tracking app that enables you to keep track of your performance and compare key statistics such as distance and pace. With this app, you can track your progress, set goals and compare your progress with that of other cyclists in the app community.
For more, check out our other articles:
Feedback Sports Team Edition toolkit Review‘ | <urn:uuid:c2ec3738-67c4-4780-a802-524a9102b4c4> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://bikepackersmagazine.com/what-does-a-speedometer-measure-in-a-bike/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949573.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331051439-20230331081439-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.937373 | 1,760 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Looking for information on Protocol UDP 401? This page will attempt to provide you with as much port information as possible on UDP Port 401.
UDP Port 401 may use a defined protocol to communicate depending on the application. A protocol is a set of formalized rules that explains how data is communicated over a network. Think of it as the language spoken between computers to help them communicate more efficiently.
Protocol HTTP for example defines the format for communication between internet browsers and web sites. Another example is the IMAP protocol that defines the communication between IMAP email servers and clients or finally, the SSL protocol which states the format to use for encrypted communications.
UDP Port 401
Here is what we know about protocol UDP Port 401. If you have information on UDP port 401 that is not reflected on this page, simply leave a comment and we’ll update our information.
PORT 401 – Information
- Port Number: 401
- TCP / UDP: UDP
- Delivery: No
- Protocol / Name: ups
- Port Description: Uninterruptible Power Supply
- Virus / Trojan: No
Side note: UDP port 401 uses the Datagram Protocol, a communications protocol for the Internet network layer, transport layer, and session layer. This protocol when used over PORT 401 makes possible the transmission of a datagram message from one computer to an application running in another computer. Like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP is used with IP (the Internet Protocol) but unlike TCP on Port 401, UDP Port 401 is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable communication; it’s up to the application that received the message on Port 401 to process any errors and verify correct delivery.
Because protocol UDP port 401 was flagged as a virus (colored red) does not mean that a virus is using port 401, but that a Trojan or Virus has used this port in the past to communicate.
UDP 401 – Disclaimer
We do our best to provide you with accurate information on PORT 401 and work hard to keep our database up to date. This is a free service and accuracy is not guaranteed. We do our best to correct any errors and welcome feedback! | <urn:uuid:62c14ba5-66e3-4a1a-8153-2c5a1b35196a> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.auditmypc.com/udp-port-401.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103331729.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627103810-20220627133810-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.866249 | 442 | 3.140625 | 3 |
New Jersey used to be known as the Lyme disease capital, but more cases are now said to be popping up in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest states, including high-risk regions in New York, Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Michigan, among others.
According to the CDCâs report, the biggest reason for the spike in Lyme disease cases is climate changeâthe warmer weather is driving many of the ticks that carry the disease into other regions. Itâs also being impacted by forest clearing. Ticks often live in dense forestry and are prey for white mice. But the increase in deforestation has killed off a lot of the mice. This means as humans enter the forested terrain, ticks have a new batch of victims.
Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria carried by blacklegged deer ticksâthe bacteria is passed on when an infected tick bites. Symptoms of the infection often include headaches, high fever, fatigue, and rashes.
Lyme disease can usually be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, the infection can spread to the heart, joints, and nervous system, causing serious long-term effects.
Sources for Todayâs article:
Basu, T., âLyme Disease Has Surged 320% in America,â TIME web site, July 15, 2015; http://time.com/3959736/lyme-disease/.
Haelle, T., âLyme Disease Cases Rising in Affected Regions,â Medscape web site, July 16, 2015; http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/848110. | <urn:uuid:0e4124c1-8478-4330-bd50-1cc098657fbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/lyme-disease-on-the-rise-across-the-u-s-warns-cdc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335059.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928020513-20220928050513-00792.warc.gz | en | 0.937545 | 333 | 3.765625 | 4 |
A photograph of an African American cotton plantation worker in the Mississippi Delta in 1939.
- Citation Information
- Wolcott, Marion Post, “African American cotton plantation worker, hired as a day laborer, riding a mule and holding down a sack of cotton in the cotton field at Nugent Plantation,” Digital Public Library of America, http://dp.la/item/73fbdd0672d05c24ea67626d6caef538.
Courtesy of The New York Public Library.
Tips for Students
For this source, consider:
- the author's point of view
- the author's purpose
- historical context | <urn:uuid:9fbd899f-2f83-4588-89c0-f31fcf4fbd3e> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/fannie-lou-hamer-and-the-civil-rights-movement-in-rural-mississippi/sources/854?subject=us-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823228.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20181209232026-20181210013526-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.796451 | 136 | 3.125 | 3 |
Basically the circuit designed above have a very simple way of working, where the circuit is designed so that does not happen short circuit or short circuit between the voltage supply with batteries that will be in-charge.
By the time we put an empty battery charging terminals, transistor Q1 will be activated immediately because the current flows through R1 and would trigger a transistor Q1 base. In this condition the flow that would fill the batteries mostly comes from the collector of Q1 is connected directly to the positive terminal of supply. Then during the charging process increases the battery voltage will increase the current flowing in Q2 base via 10 Kohm R5, VR1 and diode D2. VR1 is a component that is used as an initial calibration to determine the exact position in the planning process of switching circuit. For VR1 you can use a trimpot or potensio according to your taste. At the beginning of filling, arrange potensio at position D3 LED indicators on the condition of death, and the current flowing into the collector of Q1 is not too big and not too small.
If the battery is fully charged, the LED indicator will light up automatically because of an increase in voltage on the battery charge will cause the increase of current flowing at the base of transistor Q2 and will terminate the charging cycle due to transistor Q1 having a cut-off due to lack of base current. Why on condition Q1 base current will experience a shortage of this is because almost all the current flowing in R1 10 Kohm will switch to a diode D1 which is logically connected directly with ground experience due Q2 saturated.
1. Resistors: R1 (10 Kohm), R2 (680 ohms), R3 (100 Kohm), R5 (10 Kohm) and VR1 (Potensio / trimpot = 100 Kohm)
2. Diodes: D1 & D2 (IN4002) and D3 (Led)
3. Transistors: Q1 and Q2 (2N3904)
4. 9 volt power supply | <urn:uuid:cffa1d85-2889-481e-a6ac-53b6709fcfd8> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.elcircuit.com/2011/05/automatic-battery-charger-circuit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424770.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724082331-20170724102331-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.925012 | 428 | 3.59375 | 4 |
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