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When it comes to politics, its coexistence with ethics is questionable. This is especially because many politicians engage in a wide range of indecent practices to pursue their interests or rather, become successful (Russell, 2013). In this case, the U.S president decides to sign an agreement with the Soviet Union to destroy both region’s nuclear weapons, a choice that does not amuse the public as well as the President’s opposition and the military. Marine Corps Colonel Martin Casey learns that his superior, General Jasmes Mattoon Scott is the leader of the other joint chiefs of staff (JCS) in the plan to start a coup d’état together with other members in the U.S. Congress to overthrow the President. Even though Casey does not Support the President’s decision, he finds the plan to remove him disgusting and unconstitutional and informs the Presidents and his allies who then plan to respond. With time, both sides scheme secretly. The President asks Casey to find out secrets that can be used against Scott from his former mistress Ellie. This paper will analyze this case to determine whether ethics and politics can coexist.
Are politics and ethics capable of coexisting?
To start with, many people would argue that politics and ethics cannot exist based on the popular phrase that ‘politics is a dirty game’ (Niebuhr, 2013). This claim can be affirmed to be true, looking at how politicians behave and the kind of things they do. For instance, over the years, the leaders who have been in power have gotten there by defaming their competitors, bribing, and giving money to the voters, among other practices. In the most recent U.S. elections, there was a lot of exchange of words between President Trump and Hillary Clingstone. To a large extent, it seems okay or accepted that politicians become more popular or successful by defaming their candidates, and this affirms that politics is a dirty game.
Ethics cannot allow politics to survive because it would mean a proliferation of good morals. Ethics principally entails a philosophy that directs an individual’s behaviors and decisions in life (Rohr, 2017). Different people and communities have dissimilar convictions on what is right or wrong and good or bad. Despite this, many morals are universal in all cultures, religions, and among individuals since they emanate from human basic emotions. For instance, it murder is highly condemned all over since it is unethical. In the field of politics, immoral acts are widely visible even though no law directly states that politicians should behave unethically. It is the main reason why many people fear politicians since they can break the law without necessarily being punished.
What are the ethical dilemmas involved in this case?
This case presents various ethical dilemmas. An ethical dilemma occurs when there are conflicting situations and a choice has to be made but following one path means that you transgress the other (Rohr, 2017). The first moral dilemma in this scenario involves Casey and his superior, Gen. Scott. After realizing what Scott was planning, that is, to overthrow the President in collaboration with some JCS and Congress Allies, Casey decided to alert the president. The President tasked him to obtain more information about Scott from Ellie. By making this move, Casey behaved unethically to pursue his political gains. Casey owes all his loyalty to Scott since this is what is required of all the officers in the armed forces. By obeying the president and being disloyal to his superior, he stands to gain his trust and perhaps, even a better position in the government. Casey’s behavior supports the argument that politics and ethics cannot exist.
Another ethical dilemma that further supports that politics and morals cannot live together is observed in General Scott. Just as Casey owes his loyalty to Scott, he also owes his’ to the President. Instead, he chooses to conspire with other leaders in high positions in the government and leads a coup d’état. Scott’s political interest, in this case, is to see the President fall and taking that seat. If this was to succeed, he would be able to perhaps, disregard the agreement with the Soviet Union regarding nuclear weapons. Therefore, it is evident that politics is a dirty game since Scott had to sacrifice his morals for political gains.
Moreover, the President’s behavior can be considered as unethical. This is mainly because he is willing to use Ellie’s personal life so that he continues being the president. The President asks Casey to extract information from Ellie, who is Scott’s former mistress and this information is to be used against the general. Given that Ellie is a vulnerable woman and the President wants her interrogated is a clear indication that one has to let go of morals when it comes to politics.
Overall, ethics and politics cannot coexist. Basically, politics is considered a dirty game where individuals need to behave unethically to achieve their political interest. In the provided case, Casey had to be disloyal to his superior so that he could please the President. On the other hand, Scott staged a coup d’état against the president, losing his morals. Additionally, the president was willing to use Ellie’s personal life so that he could remain in power.
Niebuhr, R. (2013). Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press.
Rohr, J. (2017). Ethics for bureaucrats: An essay on law and values. Routledge.
Russell, B. (2013). Human society in ethics and politics. Rutledge. | <urn:uuid:2ae2e8c4-9242-4766-a5db-90b10d6d3d33> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://edenpapers.com/blog/ethics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401598891.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200928073028-20200928103028-00223.warc.gz | en | 0.965181 | 1,146 | 2.59375 | 3 |
I attended the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) annual meeting a few weeks ago and left ready to share information on managing diabetes with celiac disease. When I arrived at the conference on Wednesday, I was a little late getting to the 1:30 session that I really wanted to go to and, as a result, got closed out. I then wandered across the hall to another session called “Managing Diabetes with Celiac Disease.”
I figured, “What the heck, this will be a good review for me.” I have to say that I’m really glad I attended, and I wanted to share some things that I learned. I know that Jan Chait wrote about celiac back in April (“Exploring the Gluten-Free World”), so I’ll try not to repeat too much of the information that she shared.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune digestive disorder that is caused by eating foods that contain gluten, a type of protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and possibly oats. When a person with celiac eats a food that contains gluten, an immune reaction occurs that results in damage to the villi of the small intestine. Villi are finger-like projections that protrude from the lining of the small intestine and help increase the surface area, allowing nutrients to be absorbed at a fairly fast rate. With celiac, these villi are damaged and flattened out, leading to malabsorption.
If celiac isn’t treated, nutrient deficiencies can result, causing problems with the nervous system, bones, and liver. People with untreated celiac are also at an increased risk for intestinal lymphoma and bowel cancer.
Facts and Figures
About three million people in the U.S. have celiac disease, but only 5% (150,000) are actually diagnosed. Twenty-five percent of new diagnoses occur in adults older than 60 years of age. And 6% of people with Type 1 diabetes have celiac. In people with Type 2 diabetes, about 1 in 250 have celiac. Having a family history of celiac increases the risk by between 5% and 15%. Celiac disease tends to be more common in people of European ancestry, as well as in people who have autoimmune diseases, including Type 1 diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disease.
Celiac disease often goes undiagnosed for many years. This is in part due to the malabsorption symptoms that occur, and health-care providers often look for other possible causes, such as irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers, and Crohn disease. Also, some people with celiac never get any gastrointestinal symptoms, which makes celiac even trickier to diagnose. However, some of the more common symptoms of celiac are:
- Abdominal pain
- Failure to thrive (in children)
In fact, celiac can affect all of the body’s systems, not just the gastrointestinal tract. A particular skin condition called dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is linked with celiac. DH is characterized by red bumps and blisters that cause intense itching, burning, and stinging. These lesions are symmetrically found on the elbows, legs, buttocks, shoulders, neck, and back. Diagnosis of DH is done by biopsy, and although medicine is prescribed, a strict gluten-free diet must be followed. In most cases, eating foods with gluten will trigger an outbreak of this skin condition, even if the condition has been healed. | <urn:uuid:9f49c985-6b23-49e3-ade9-0d5a4fd2078e> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://dsm.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/managing-diabetes-celiac-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104209449.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220703013155-20220703043155-00189.warc.gz | en | 0.961378 | 746 | 2.78125 | 3 |
NB: 'Osmolar gap' has several alternative names: 'osmol gap', 'osmole gap', 'osmolarity gap' & 'osmolal gap'; these all refer to the same thing. For consistency, the term "osmolar gap" is used exclusively through this book.
So osmolality is a measure of the number of particles present in a unit weight of solvent. It is independent of the size, shape or weight of the particles. It can only be measured by use of a property of the solution that is dependent on the particle concentration. These properties are collectively referred to as Colligative Properties. Osmolality is measured in the laboratory by machines called osmometers. The units of osmolality are mOsm/kg of solute
Osmolarity is calculated from a formula which represents the solutes which under ordinary circumstances contribute nearly all of the osmolality of the sample. There are many such formulae which have been used. One widely used formula for plasma which is used at my hospital is:
Note regarding units: For the above equation, all concentrations are in mmol/l, and not mg/100mls. The result will then be in mOsm/l of solution. This equation is often expressed differently in North America where glucose & blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are reported in mg/dl. This version is essentially identical as it just includes conversion factors to convert mg/dl to mmol/l:
Calculated osmolarity = (1.86 x [Na+]) + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 + 9
This formula become popular after a study (by Dorwart & Chambers) comparing 13 different formulae found this one to yield the most accurate results.
Osmolarity is easy to calculate because it only requires the measurement of 3 substances and these are routinely measured in every hospital biochemistry laboratory. Its calculation is usually programmed into the biochemistry autoanalyser and is routinely printed on the standard result sheet and is available to you even without having to ask.
The osmolar gap is the difference between the 2 values: the osmolality (which is measured) and the osmolarity (which is calculated from measured solute concentrations).
In healthy persons, the osmolar gap is small as the osmolarity (calculated using the formula above) is a fairly good estimate of the osmolality. But in some conditions, there are significant amounts of abnormal substances present which contribute to the total osmolality and then the osmolarity will underestimate the osmolality. Consequently the osmolar gap will necessarily be increased. A given concentration of abnormal other solutes (in mg/dl) will contribute more particles (mOsm/kg) if they have a low molecular weight. It follows then that if the osmolar gap is significantly elevated, this provides indirect evidence that there must be a significant concentration of one or more low molecular substances present. It does not identify these abnormal solutes but alerts you to their presence.
A minor point for completeness: The units of osmolality (mOsm/kg) and osmolarity (mOsm/litre) are different so strictly they cannot be subtracted from one another. That said though, the value of the difference is clinically useful so this problem will be ignored.
You MUST check the type of osmometer used by your hospital
The osmolality is measured in the pathology laboratory using an instrument called an osmometer which uses one of the colligative properties as the basis for its measurement.
Currently available osmometers fall into 2 groups:
Why? Because they are the only type of osmometer that can detect all the volatile alcohols which can abnormally increase the osmolar gap. The other type of osmometer cannot do this. An explanation for this difference is:
"Vapor pressure osmometry, in contrast to osmometry using the freezing point depression method, requires an equilibrium between vapor and liquid phases and is unreliable when volatile chemicals such as ethanol and methanol are present because these chemicals tend to remain in the vapor phase" (from Glaser, 1996)
You must check what type your pathology laboratory is using otherwise you will be misled by spuriously normal osmolar gap results.
An elevated osmolar gap provides indirect evidence for the presence of an abnormal solute which is present in significant amounts. To have much effect on the osmolar gap, the substance needs to have a low molecular weight and be uncharged so it can be present in a concentration (measured in mmol/l) sufficient to elevate the osmolar gap.
Ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol (used in anti-freeze solutions), isopropanol, and propylene glycol (used as a vehicle with some drugs e.g. lorazepam) are solutes that cause an elevated osmolar gap. If you suspect that your patient may have ingested one of these substances than, as a screening tool, you should determine the osmolar gap. (See Lynd et al, and Krasowski et al.) This testing is readily available in hospitals. Apart from ethanol levels, determination of the levels of other toxic glycols and alcohols is much less commonly available in pathology laboratories.
Ethylene glycol is used as an anti-freeze in car radiators.
An elevated osmolar gap indicates an unknown solute but does not identify it. It is important to follow-up and determine what substance (or substances) is responsible. As an example, consider the following situation:
Consider a patient who has ingested ethanol as well as ethylene glycol or methanol. The ethanol will increase the osmolar gap and you can miss the presence of the more toxic substances if you make the assumption that the gap is due to the ethanol alone. This mistake could have serious adverse consequences for the patient.
Solution 1: For this reason, it is advisable to request an ethanol level whenever you request a measured osmolality. You can then correct the osmolar gap for any ethanol present and determine a 'corrected' osmolar gap. This approach is generally readily available in hospitals and has the advantage of indirectly detecting the presence of ANY other such low molecular weight toxin and not just ethanol. You won't know what this other solute is yet but your suspicions are raised and you can proceed to more specifc analyses.
[NB: To convert ethanol levels in mg/dl to mmol/l divide by 4.6. For example, an ethanol level of 0.05% is 50mg/dl. Divide by 4.6 gives 10.9mmols/l]
Solution 2: Another way to sort this out is if there is clinical suspicion AND your laboratory has the facilities, is to request specific assays for methanol or ethylene glycol. However, depending on the technique your laboratory uses, you may or may not detect other rare ingestions. You can miss the specific toxins that you are trying to measure if time has passed and they have already been extensively metabolised to their toxic products. In this latter case, you would be misled as to the toxic potential lurking in your patient.
The problem with this solution is that many laboratories do not measure these levels so your specimen may need to be sent to a distant large laboratory. The method used in our referring lab is a gas chromatographic separation followed by a mass spectroscopic detection. This is labour intensive and time consuming so the laboratory adds an additional layer of the need to discuss the case with a chemical pathologist before the analysis is agreed to. Only about 15% of requests get through this step in our local experience.
Dorwart W & Chambers L. Comparison of Methods for Calculating Serum Osmolality from Chemical Concentrations, and the Prognostic Value of Such Calculations. Clin Chem 1975; 21: 190-194.
Glaser DS. Utility of the Serum Osmol Gap in the Diagnosis of Methanol or Ethylene Glycol Ingestion. Ann Emerg Med; 1996: 343-346)
Hoffman RS et al. Osmol gaps revisited: Normal Values and Limitations. Clin Toxicol 1993; 31: 81-93.
Lynd LD et al. An evaluation of the osmole gap as a screeninhg test for toxic alcohol poisoning. BMC Emergency Medicine 2008; 8:5.
Krasowski MD. A retrospective analysis of glycol and toxic alcohol ingestion: utility of anion and osmolal gaps. BMC Clinical Pathology. 2012; 12:1 | <urn:uuid:5554877a-697c-41b4-9530-5206f482c2eb> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab3_5.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647003.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319155754-20180319175754-00591.warc.gz | en | 0.922383 | 1,815 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Teaching Strategies for Dyslexic Children
There are numerous techniques for teaching dyslexic children. Not all dyslexics will respond to the same techniques, so it is important to work out what will work with each particular child. Presented here are some of the techniques you could try.
Start with the Child
Dyslexic learners may often have ‘failed’ and it is very important to start by talking to and listening to your pupil. This
- Lets you get to know the pupil as a person and get to know their interests
- allows the pupil to get to know you
- builds up trust and confidence
- helps you to assess oral ability
Learners need to feel confident to ‘have a go’ and often a dyslexic’s self esteem can be low because of previous failure. When trust is established it is much easier to find out the best way to help and support.
Try to use a range of resources and approaches which will ensure success early on which will motivate the student to learn more and to be more confident in his/her ability to learn.
What material should I use?There are numerous programmes, teaching aids, software packages etc that you can use with students. Whichever you choose, if you are positive about it then the pupil’s confidence is improved there is a far greater chance of success.
Tuition should be multi-sensory involving looking, listening, speaking, touching etc with as much variation as possible but we are all unique and it is good to observe whether the child/adult is predominantly a
VISUAL LEARNER (learns best by seeing)
AUDITORY LEARNING (learns best by listening)
KINESTHETIC LEARNER (learns by doing/feeling)
The following are just a few tips that can be useful for any type of learner. However, the more you get to know your pupil the more you will work together to find the best individual tips.
- Use pictures and multi-media material
- Stick spelling words anywhere in view
- Look at pictures in a book before reading
- Play games eg ‘pairs’ to improve memory
- Draw mind maps
- Use different colour eg syllables in words
- Use good visual software programmes
- Have an uncluttered work area
- Talk about the book to be read or the information to be learned
- Make sure instructions are orally clear
- Get the student to record the information so it can be listened to again
- Use software which has good auditory input.
Tips for Numbers Work
- Trace letters in sand or in the air
- Use concrete objects which can be handled eg wooden letters, numbers etc
- Memorise facts while moving about
- Talk about numbers eg TV channels, dates, house numbers
- Count eg climbing stairs, skipping, etc
- Handle real coins
- Discuss time – day/night, early/late
- Sequence days, months, birthdays
- Use board games, dominoes, dice
- Use maths words eg how many, the same
- Discuss symbols and signs
- It is very important for a dyslexic to feel confident using a calculator.
Good organisation needs to be encouraged as dyslexics often jump to the answer. They need to be taught how to set down ‘working’.
Tips for Written Work
Tips for Reading
- use lined paper
- use spell checker
- use word bank
- cloze procedure (handouts with blanks)
- use Co-writer or Texthelp (if available)
- whenever possible give praise for content
- limit reading demands
- ensure appropriate reading level/material<
- paired reading
- prepare a subject word list
- if the child has Meares Irlen Syndrome use coloured overlays/glasses
- try out computer software eg wordshark
- listen to taped books
The classroom assistant can be
- crucial in helping a pupil achieve success
- of important help to the class teacher
The classroom assistant often knows a pupil far better than most of the other staff in the school because of the close daily contact in a variety of situations. The assistant can
- break down instructions and tasks
- keep a pupil on task
- organise work materials
- read and/or scribe
- note down homework
- help with practical tasks
For a dyslexic this support is invaluable.
The classroom assistant can sometimes help the class teacher to prepare individual work material. In addition the assistant can let the class teacher know
- which tasks are causing difficulty
- where the pupil’s strengths lie
- if homework is causing excessive stress
- if there are problems relating to peers
Difficulties with processing information mean that lack of time is often a problem for a dyslexic child. He/she will feel a failure if work is consistently left incomplete.
The individual support of a classroom assistant can allow a pupil to finish a task before moving on. | <urn:uuid:0a5b558e-2ef6-4779-945d-5fc687383790> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dyslexiasw.com/advice/help-and-advice-for-teachers/teaching-strategies-for-dyslexic-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141169606.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124000351-20201124030351-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.919535 | 1,041 | 3.859375 | 4 |
“Getting rid of wires doesn’t just mean no longer needing a cable supplier. Robots and industrial machines that were once limited to electrical outlets are beginning to truly experience freedom thanks to the development of wireless high-power transmission technology.
Getting rid of wires doesn’t just mean no longer needing a cable supplier. Robots and industrial machines that were once limited to electrical outlets are beginning to truly experience freedom thanks to the development of wireless high-power transmission technology.
Signs of a cable-free future are starting to emerge in a wider market that point to the same fact: power cords that were once needed for industrial applications and charging electric vehicles are being obsoleted by history. They are being replaced by wireless power transmission, a technology that has grown rapidly due to heavy R&D investment and the advent of many electric machines that are poised for technological disruption.
Consumer goods have begun to adopt wireless power transmission technology ON a large scale, such as smartphones, electric toothbrushes, etc., because this function is more popular than previous technologies. But until now, the development of industrial wireless power transmission has been hindered because transmitting more power in the kilowatt range than the tiny wattage required for small consumer electronics requires a consistent open-standard design with better management components Architecture and stronger materials.
With the development of industrial automation and autonomous systems, the push for high-power wireless power transmission technology has accelerated over the past few years. Wireless power will also have a place in the Industrial Internet of Things, which is rapidly expanding the range of connected machines, computers and sensors, making everything from healthcare to aircraft and energy production smarter and more efficient.
Wireless power transmission technology that eliminates the need for plugs and connectors will allow these devices to be more mobile and fully sealed, so they can operate reliably in a variety of challenging and changing environments. Imagine a manufacturing robot that will be able to move autonomously between workstations on demand and recharge at a convenient time and place.
“Wireless power transmission technology is the future,” said Manish, an engineer at TI who studies the fundamental components needed for wireless power transmission systems. In autonomous applications in factories, robotics, aerospace and automotive, when we get rid of power lines, each opportunities are possible.
A long-held dream becomes reality
Since the advent of power tools and other industrial electronics more than 100 years ago, we’ve been using wires to make connections, zigzagging through floors and countertops.
But those wires also created all sorts of problems, and they limited the mobility of the device. Even the best designs have weaknesses due to wires, as water, dirt, and air can get into the connector, while constant insertion and removal increases wear and tear on the device. Also on factory floors and elsewhere, electrical wiring is a major source of danger to people and machines passing around.
Since those first electric innovations, the idea of wireless power has been an unattainable dream. The brilliant and eccentric inventor Nikola Tesla envisioned a radio network covering the world where machines could draw electricity simply by connecting wirelessly. But his experiment failed. Others stagnated in power transmission throughout the 20th century, and only in recent years have begun to see the possibility of wireless power transmission.
Coupling sends electricity through the air
Wireless power transmission systems work through a principle known as inductive charging. Simply put, based on this system, a coil in a transmitter can be coupled to a coil in a remote receiver several inches or feet away, and the two coils together form a virtual transformer. The transmitter releases electromagnetic energy that induces an electrical current in the receiver. This current can be used to charge the battery connected to the receiver coil.
Of course, the actual wireless power transmission system is much more complex and presents its own set of challenges to handle more power for applications at the center of manufacturing and automotive components. The current is converted several times, the antenna amplifies the electromagnetic wave, and the special diode controls the current for safe transmission and use.
The key to making this complex system work is to put a digital brain at the center to control the frequency, amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves, among other things. This becomes even more important in kilowatt-scale industrial production processes and electric vehicle charging.
TI’s C2000™ real-time microcontrollers (MCUs) are key components that many companies rely on. It is a small microcontroller that sits on the transmitter and receiver and communicates via Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi® to manage the current. The C2000 MCU can automatically adjust the system to adapt to changing power demands and supplies by sensing the transmitter’s input voltage, battery demand, and other factors.
Taiwan KNOWMAX Technology Co., Ltd. is one of the leaders in the wireless power transmission industry utilizing the built-in intelligent control functions of the C2000 MCU. The company holds multiple patents for incorporating cutting-edge wireless charging technology into electrical systems.
“TI’s C2000 MCU gives us the flexibility to adapt the system to different market needs,” said Tank Huang, KNOWMAX’s program manager. “The component enables really precise control of our power stage so that we can deliver power as efficiently as possible.”
Aiming to be the market leader in the critical equipment needed to enable high-power wireless power transmission, TI researchers are advancing components that can intelligently handle increasing transmission rates and increasing distances between transmitters and receivers increased requirements. Through these efforts to improve wireless power transmission engineering, we expect to deploy it in robotics, industrial facility and warehouse vehicles, electric vehicles, and larger fleets and construction vehicles.
Chris, Product Marketing Engineer for C2000 MCUs, said: “Not meant to say this, but now for us in the wireless power transmission space, the air is electrified. Engineers will soon no longer have to struggle to find high-Voltage sockets for their solutions. The sweet spot. Consumers will drive electric vehicles that don’t need to be plugged in. Factory workers will work with wireless charging robots. As you think about this, TI is developing a technology that will eventually be accessible to every person and every industry on the planet. technology used.” | <urn:uuid:556877f8-556a-4e8b-b8e9-204052ee27cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://theicinfo.com/how-the-world-will-be-powered-in-the-future-wireless-transmission-may-become-mainstream/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337480.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20221004054641-20221004084641-00151.warc.gz | en | 0.93427 | 1,285 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Pin from Czechoslovakia and made in 1955. The text on the pin reads:”Nationwide Spartakiad”.
The Spartakiads in Czechoslovakia were mass gymnastics events, designed to celebrate the Red Army’s liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945. The name refers to the 1921 Prague Spartakiad organised by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. They were organised by the Communist government. The Spartakiads took place at the Strahov Stadium, the largest stadium ever built.
The first Spartakiad took place in 1955, and was subsequently held every five years. The Spartakiad scheduled for 1970 was canceled in the wake of the Prague Spring. Preparations for the Spartakiad scheduled for 1990 were interrupted by the Velvet Revolution, but the event still took place, although on a much smaller scale than the previous ones.
The Spartakiads were attended by large numbers of people; for example, at the 1960 Spartakiad about 750,000 gymnasts from the whole country took part and over 2,000,000 spectators witnessed the event. Men and women of all ages practiced their exercising routines for the event. Appearance was originally mandatory for students and servicemen of the armed forces and police. | <urn:uuid:244d78ef-baa8-4465-9eab-2c3c2e5febdc> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.propagandaworld.org/product-page/pin-czechoslovakia-spartakiad-1955 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154457.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803092648-20210803122648-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.978726 | 253 | 3.0625 | 3 |
This course will introduce you to the principals and practices required to obtain and preserve evidence in a computer forensics investigation. The topics covered in this course include a survey of current computer forensics tools, incident/crime scene processing, digital evidence control, and reporting.
- Explain the essential elements of forensic analysis to include forensic evidentiary containment
- Manage hardware involving imaging and data collection activities
- Analyze common file systems
- Describe and demonstrate how to complete Process Logs and Event Logs | <urn:uuid:76ac1c6e-225b-430f-a85d-92581943e9ec> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://niccs.us-cert.gov/training/search/south-florida-state-college/introduction-computer-forensics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107891428.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026145305-20201026175305-00097.warc.gz | en | 0.89041 | 101 | 2.640625 | 3 |
An easy-to-use reference book for developing dictionary skills
Author Oxford Dictionaries
Suitable for: Age 6-8, Year 2- 4
New edition of the Oxford Junior Illustrated Dictionary with over 7000 cross-curricular words to build vocabulary and language skills. Includes simple and clear entries, topic word lists to support key subject vocabulary and activities to help with spelling and grammar. An easy-to-use reference tool for developing juniors’ dictionary skills.
- 7000 entries cover new and up-to-date curriculum content.
- Topic word lists introduce vocabulary for school themes
- Levelled support to make spelling, grammar and punctuation fun.
- Clear, accessible layout and engaging illustrations for the young reader and writer.
- Free online activities to build reading, comprehension and writing skills. | <urn:uuid:67c19db9-1d8f-419f-9b0b-40968be9b0b4> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.schoolstoreng.com/product/oxford-junior-illustrated-dictionary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00699.warc.gz | en | 0.786284 | 167 | 3.75 | 4 |
PROLEGOMENA | PTAFM | SEL001 | IMMANUEL KANT
|| PREAMBLE ON THE PECULIARITIES OF ALL METAPHYSICAL COGNITION ||
SECTION 01 | OF THE SOURCES OF METAPHYSICS
If it becomes desirable to formulate any cognition as science , it will be necessary first to determine accurately those peculiar features which no other science has in common with it , constituting its characteristics ; otherwise the boundaries of all sciences become confused , and none of them can be treated thoroughly according to its nature .
The characteristics of a science may consist of a simple difference of object , or of the sources of cognition , or of the kind of cognition , or perhaps of all three conjointly . On this , therefore , depends the idea of a possible science and its territory .
First , as concerns the sources of metaphysical cognition , its very concept implies that they cannot be empirical . Its principles ( including not only its maxims but its basic notions ) must never be derived from experience . It must not be physical but metaphysical knowledge , viz , knowledge lying beyond experience . It can therefore have for its basis neither external experience , which is the source of physics proper , nor internal , which is the basis of empirical psychology . It is therefore a priori knowledge , coming from pure Understanding and pure Reason .
But so far Metaphysics would not be distinguishable from pure Mathematics ; it must therefore be called pure philosophical cognition ; and for the meaning of this term I refer to the Critique of the Pure Reason ( II Methodology Of Transcendentalism Chap I Sect i ) , where the distinction between these two employments of the reason is sufficiently explained . So much for the sources of metaphysical knowledge .
SOURCE | SATYAVEDISM.COM | <urn:uuid:bdb2455c-7fc6-4daf-9d6a-211ebdcac240> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.satyavedism.com/philosophy-metaphysics-epistemology/prolegomena-to-any-future-metaphysics-immanuel-kant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607648.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523163634-20170523183634-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.92591 | 367 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Gusta vs Gustan
Though Spanish is a very important language that is also very interesting, those having English as their native language may find the use of verbs somewhat confusing. This is best illustrated in the case of Gusta and Gustan that are verb forms of the verb gustar that roughly translates into like in English. This article attempts to make clear the use of these two verb forms in Spanish language.
Gustar is the verb in Spanish language that means to like. In the present tense and singular form, it is me gusta to tell others what you like. Me gusta means I like, te gusta means you like, le gusta is used for they like, and nos gusta is used for we like. If you want to say that you like the house, you have to make use of gusta in the sentence in the following way.
A mi me gusta la casa.
In a similar manner, gusta has to be used in all sentences where there is a reference to the liking of he, me, you, they, we etc.
Gustan is used when the noun is in the plural. Thus, when one likes many houses, books, cars, or other objects, it is the verb form gustan that is preferred over gusta.
The use of gusta and gustan can be attributed to the way sentence is constructed in Spanish rather than anything else. You simply say I like this or that in English whereas, in Spanish, it is more like the thing is pleasing to me rather than I like this thing.
If you like fruit, you would say I like fruit in Spanish as Me gusta la fruta. The verb form is used for most other objects. However, you have to use gustan when more than a single thing or person is liked such as when you like rabbits, movies, action movies, and so on. Take a look at the following sentences.
• Me gustan las clases
• Me gustan los libros.
If you want to say you don’t like it, you say No me gusta. But it becomes No me gustan when you want to say you don’t like them.
What is the difference between Gusta and Gustan?
• The verb gustar takes on verb form gusta when the subject of the sentence is in singular but becomes gustan when the subject is in the plural.
• Me gusta and me gustan both indicate one’s liking for something, but have to be used depending upon whether the subject is singular or plural. | <urn:uuid:8fbd7ea4-92c8-453b-a758-720276aafcc3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-gusta-and-vs-gustan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645405.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317233618-20180318013618-00464.warc.gz | en | 0.949326 | 535 | 3.265625 | 3 |
By Michael Baadke
American aviation pioneer Wiley Post was born near Grand Saline, Texas, on Nov. 22, 1898, and was raised on a farm in Oklahoma.
After seeing an airplane for the first time at a county fair, Post took a seven-month course at Sweeney Auto School in Kansas City and found work with a construction company. He also was hired as a parachutist, jumping out of a Curtiss Jenny airplane to entertain visitors to the flying circus.
Working at an oil field at age 28, Post suffered a severe eye injury that required surgically removing the left eye. He received workman’s compensation for the injury, and used the money to buy a used airplane and embark on a barnstorming career.
In 1927, Post was hired as an executive pilot for Oklahoma oilman F.C. Hall, and in 1930 began flying Hall’s new Vega plane, named Winnie Mae, in air races and competitions.
In 1931, Post set a speed record flying around the world with navigator Harold Gatty; two years later he repeated the feat by himself using an autopilot.
Post also explored high-altitude flight possibilities in a pressurized suit that he helped to develop.
In 1935, Post and his friend Will Rogers, the famous writer and entertainer, flew into Alaska while surveying possible air routes. The plane they were flying in crashed in a lagoon near Point Barrow, Alaska, and both men were killed.
The United States Postal Service issued two 25¢ airmail stamps in 1979 to honor Wiley Post. One stamp shows Post with Winnie Mae behind him (Scott C95), and the other shows Post seated in his pressurized suit, along with a second portrait and another view of the airplane (C96). | <urn:uuid:a142dc83-1d04-4bba-8c92-d89f71c2a45b> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.linns.com/news/us-stamps-postal-history/2015/november/born-nov--22--wiley-post.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685698.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919131102-20170919151102-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.976256 | 367 | 2.765625 | 3 |
What is RD?
Cleaner, better fuel for the future – from trees!
Renewable Diesel or RD is manufactured from 100% renewable feedstocks. It is an ultra-clean burning, petroleum-free replacement fuel for diesel engines. RD is a low-carbon, sulphur-free diesel that has an identical chemical structure to regular fossil diesel delivering the same power, torque and towing capacity.
- Carbon Intensity of RD is 97% lower than fossil fuel
- Reduces particulate matter by 33%
- Reduces Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) by 9%
- Reduces Carbon Monoxide (CO) by 24%
- Reduces Hydrocarbons (HC) by 30%
- High Cetane number (70-90) – promotes early ignition
- Low Cloud Point – makes RD more efficient in low temperatures
- Meets ASTM D975 standards and Canadian equivalent
- Satisfies manufacturer fuel requirements – does not void engine warranties
RD is fully-refined into a pure, paraffinic hydrocarbon that is chemically identical to fossil petroleum diesel, yet is odourless, colourless, and free of oxygen or sulphur. Therefore, RD is a ‘drop-in fuel’, meaning users can pump it directly into diesel engines – without worrying about engine damage – and hit the road with similar power, torque and towing capacity.
By utilizing forestry wood waste to produce Renewable Diesel, eco-Options is not only putting disposed product to excellent use, we are helping to mitigate the severity of wildfires, creating jobs and new economic opportunities that benefit local communities and First Nations, and offering commercial truckers a drop-in fuel that can help them save money and contribute to a cleaner environment.
eco-Options Energy uses one particular renewable feedstock: Forestry Wood Waste. We make our Renewable Diesel from tree tops, brush and log butts that are literally lying around – creating a new market in the forestry industry.
One of BC’s largest industries is forestry. However, anywhere from 20% to 50% of the bio-mass in a Foresters’ Allowable Annual Cut (AAC) is considered non-merchantable waste and ends up in piles in the forest or in sawmills and dry land sorts.
The majority of bottoms, tops and slash from primary logging or from thinning and pruning are defined as forest residuals and are piled and burned every year. This means a large proportion of the wood resources are unused and basically disposed of. Furthermore, burn piles are a significant source of fuel contributing to wildfires of higher intensity. | <urn:uuid:ee0c0aac-facc-4028-a5ef-c4face7475de> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://eco-optionsenergy.coop/what-is-rd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737645.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808110257-20200808140257-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.921264 | 539 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Prehistoric / Ancient
Carrowkeel, Co. Sligo, a neolithic hilltop cemetery (Photo – The Blessed Isle, an interesting blog).
Radiocarbon evidence indicates that some of the megalithic structures in the County Sligo area date from c. 5400 BC. Croaghaun in the Ox Mountains has produced a date going back as far as 5600 BC from samples of charcoal found in the central chamber. Samples taken from a stone socket in Primrose Grange Tomb 1 have yielded a date of 6400 BC. Taken on their own, these extremely early dates for megalithic activity in Ireland are sure to draw scepticism, it should be noted by the sceptic however, that five dates from three different tombs point to activity on these sites between 6400 and 4600 BC, far earlier than anywhere else in Europe. These very early dates seem to indicate that the practice of constructing megalithic monuments in Ireland started on the west coast.
Cairns are artificially constructed heap of stones. Queen Maeve’s Grave on top of Knocknarea (near Sligo) is a prime example. Here we actually do not know whether the cairn is solid or a tomb.
Dolmens – see Tombs
Enclosures are. generally. anything that cannot be identified and encloses a part of the landscape – i.e. a man-made structure we do not know a lot about. It could have been erected for domestic, agricultural, ceremonial or even defensive / military purposes (although usually lacking the appropriate ditch outside the walls). Enclosures also tend to be found in conjunction with tombs and/or henges. Navan Fort (near Armagh) seems to have been a ceremonial enclosure, as were some earthworks on the Hill of Tara.
Ringforts include any roughly circular fortification from prehistoric times is generally called a ringfort – raths, cashels, promontory forts and cashels being examples. The distinction between (defensive) ringforts and (ceremonial) enclosures is not always easy as both make use of walls and ditches. A fort will usually have the ditch outside the wall to make things harder for attacking enemies.
Raths are ringforts consisting mainly of a ditch and an earth wall – the last usually topped by a wooden palisade.
Cashels are basically ringforts built mainly of stone. Often this takes the form of an earthen enclosure with and outer ditch and an inner earth-wall, topped by an additional stone-wall. The latter could be either a basic breast-high structure or a massive construction.
Promontory Forts are ringforts located on promontories, one side of the “ring” often consisting of sheer cliffs. The Aran Islands do have the most spectacular forts of this kind, especially Dun Aonghasa.
Crannógs are ringforts on small islands near a shore – the fort is identical in size to the island, both are often connected to the mainland by a narrow bridge or causeway. The island could be either natural or artificially created (or expanded). As a rule the more circular an island the more likely it is to be artificial.
Fairy forts / Rings / Hills – After a few millennia of existence the passage tombs and similar buildings were re-interpreted as gates to the Otherworld and dwelling places of fairies. This may in part be a reflection of the mysterious symbols carved into the stones and artefacts that could be found in or near tombs.
Ley-Lines – “The old straight track” can be found in Ireland too – ley-hunters have identified several good examples. But as the science, history and even existence of ley-lines is disputed the field is wide open for interpretation. Basically ley-lines are alignments connecting important places, forming a grid on the landscape. As these alignments are far less supported by hard evidence than the astronomical or solar alignment of an individual site a lot of ley-hunting quickly descends into mere speculation.
Court Tombs first appearing around 3,500 BC these are (usually) half-moon shaped tombs with a pronounced “courtyard” in front of the entrance. The courtyard was supposedly used for rituals, either during burials or at festive occasions.
Wedge tombs are very similar to court tombs – actually they look like truncated court tombs. Leading to the impression of a “wedge”, hence the name. Popular from 2,000 BC
Passage tombs are round tombs with a definitely identifiable passage leading from an entrance to the burial chamber. Most popular around 3,100 BC. One of the best-known passage tombs in the world is Newgrange, though nearby Knowth actually has two passages. Tombs like these two or the main tombs at Loughcrew often have spectacular astronomical, especially solar alignments. Geographical alignments seem obvious at Carrowmore.
Portal tombs are constructed out of three (sometimes more) massive standing stones, bearing an even more massive slab. Looking like a portal. The covering slab can be up to 100 tons in weight and forms the roof of a chamber. Most portal tombs were erected between 3,000 and 2,000 BC.
Dolmens are the uncovered remains of portal tombs. The most famous Irish dolmen is Poulnabrone in the Burren.
Heroes’ Graves and Beds are partly destroyed and uncovered tombs, open chambers and dolmens were often re-interpreted in the light of Celtic mythology – mostly the Fianna cycle. Ireland abounds with structures said to be the (often final) resting places of heroes and lovers.
Souterrains are cellars, underground passages created near settlements and believed to have been used as storage areas, hiding places and escape routes. Some appear near tombs such as Dowth (near Bru na Boinne), leading to considerable confusion amongst antiquarians.
Standing Stones are basically monoliths placed on their own or forming part of a henge or circle. In conjunction with tombs, enclosures or natural features even solitary standing stones may have astronomical, solar or geographical alignments. Some standing stones were erected for purely practical purposes, though – as scratching posts for cattle.
Ogham-Stones are Standing stones bearing inscriptions in the ancient Ogham-system, a special written language mainly used in Ireland. Unfortunately the inscriptions are generally very short and not very interesting. Ogham stones form a “bridge” between pre-historic and early Christian times.
Stone Circles –
The Lewis Glucksman Gallery, UCC, inaugurated in 2004. | <urn:uuid:c4a9dc66-5207-423e-a797-548afbed126d> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://irelandbyways.co.uk/ireland-geography/irelands-architecture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655880665.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714114524-20200714144524-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.94896 | 1,408 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Each battery of four 88 mm anti-aircraft guns was highly mobile and traveled with a caravan of support equipment. To help the guns target and engage aircraft, day or night, the cannons were grouped with sound locators, a fire control system, and searchlights. This operational equipment was supported by defensive guns with their own small searchlights, generators, and a large collection of trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and men.
Able to deploy anywhere on the battlefield, the anti-aircraft battery used generators to produce its own power. The generator was driven by an 8-cylinder internal-combustion engine rated at 51 horsepower. The 24-kilowatt generator gave a direct current of 200 amperes at 110 volts when running at 1,500 revolutions per minute. A generator was commonly linked to a searchlight with a 220-yard cable.
The component of the anti-aircraft battery which consumed the most power was its searchlight system. Each four-gun battery commonly worked with a support unit equipped with 9 large 150 cm searchlights. Producing 990 million candlepower, the lights had a glass parabolic reflector 150 centimeters diameter. The high-current-density arc lamps had a range in favorable weather of 8,800 yards at a height of 13,000 to 16,500 feet. The current consumption was 200 amperes at 77 volts.
At night, the searchlights worked in concert with a sound locator and an optical director to locate and track moving targets in the sky. Each “searchlight section,” consisting of a generator, sound locator, and light, traveled with three trucks and 13 men. | <urn:uuid:59112c66-db85-4fe7-b955-2bf5e702376b> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.flyingheritage.com/Explore/The-Collection/Germany/24-Kilowatt-Generator-and-150-cm-Searchlight.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815034.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224013638-20180224033638-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.964292 | 339 | 3.65625 | 4 |
World History for Children and Young Adults (Hardback)Vandelia Van Meter (editor)
Hardback Published: 01/01/1992
- Not available
This index identifies and describes hundreds of books on world events, both fiction and nonfiction, appropriate for students in both elementary and secondary grades. The arrangement is by time period, subdivided by subject and indexed by grade level. It can be used for resource sharing and collection development. There is a disk version which may be tailored to the library's collection and used to print out subject or grade level reading lists.
Publisher: Libraries Unlimited Inc
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Religion: Origin of Easter and Mithraism
American Iranian Nushin Namazi writes: , Today I attended Easter Sunday Christian Ecumenical Service and heard a sermon by Rev. Scotty McLennan, Dean of Religious Life, who drew a parallel between the Pagan Goddess of Eastre and Jesus's Resurrection Day. His lecture piqued my interest in this parallel and, upon further research I came across an article that ascribes the Origin of Easter and Christmas to Mithraism, the predominant pagan religion of the time that originated from Persia.
Christianity or Mithraism: It is surprising that Christianity was to become the international religion, when one considers that the already well-established religion of Mithraism was a natural challenger for that title. Up until the time of the Emperor Constantine, it was the latter religion which was more popular within the framework of the Roman Empire, and Christianity was regarded as being only one sect amongst numerous other sects. It was only when Constantine decreed that Christianity was to be the state religion, that Mithraism, together with a host of other religions and sects, was put into the melting pot, and ideas of that religion, most suited for the Christian purpose, were absorbed into the new state-approved religion.
Mithraism, the religion followed by those who worshipped the sun god Mithra, originated in Persia about 400 BC, and was to spread its pagan ideas as far west as the British Isles. In the early centuries of the Christian era,
Mithraism was the most wide-spread religion in the Western World, and its remains are to be found in monuments scattered around the countries of Europe, Mithra was regarded as created by, yet co-equal with, the Supreme Deity. Mithraists were Trinitarian, kept Sunday as their day of worship, and their chief festivals were what we know of as Christmas and Easter. Long before the advent of Jesus, Mithra was said to have been born of a virgin mother in a cave, at the time of Christmas, and died on a cross at Easter. Baptism was practised, and the sign of the cross was made on the foreheads of all newly-baptised converts. Mithra was considered to be the saviour of the world, conferring on his followers an eternal life in Heaven, and, similar to the story of Jesus, he died to save all others, provided that they were his followers.
For three centuries both religions ran parallel, Mithraism first becoming known to the Romans in 70 BC, Christianity following a century later, and it wasn’t until AD 377 that Christianity became sufficiently strong to
suppress its former rival, although Mithraism was to remain a formidable opponent for some time after that, only slowly being forsaken by the people. It was only the absorption of many Mithraist ideas into Christianity which finally saw its downfall.
The big turning point was brought about by the Congress of Nicaea in AD 325. Constantine, a great supporter of the Christian religion, although not converting to it until the time of his decease, gathered together 2,000 leading figures in the world of theology, the idea being to bring about the advent of Christianity as the official state religion of Rome. It was out of this assembly that Jesus was formally declared to be the Son of God, and Saviour of Mankind, another slain saviour god, bringing up the tally of slain god-men to seventeen, of which Mithra, together with such men as Bel and Osiris, was included.
Just as Nicaea can be regarded as the birthplace of Christianity, so too it can be regarded as the graveyard of what we imagine Jesus taught. From that time onwards, Christianity was to absorb the superstitions of Mithraism, and many other older religions, and what was believed to have happened to earlier saviour gods, was made to centre around the Nazarene. The coming of Christianity under state control was to preserve it as a religion, and was the death knell of all other sects and cults within the Roman Empire.
Had Constantine decided to retain Mithraism as the official state religion, instead of putting Christianity in its place, it would have been the latter that would have been obliterated. To Constantine however, Christianity had
one great advantage, it preached that repentant sinners would be forgiven their sins, provided that they were converted Christians at the time of their passing, and Constantine had much to be forgiven for, He personally
did not convert to the new religion until he was on his death bed, the reason being that only sins committed following conversion were accountable, so all sins committed by a convert, prior to conversion, didn’t matter, and he could hardly have sinned too much whilst he was lying on his death bed. Mithraism could not offer the same comfort to a man like Constantine, who was regarded as being one of the worst mass-murderers of his time.
The Emperor Julian, who followed Constantine, went back to Mithraism, but his short reign of only two years could not change what Constantine had decreed. His defeat, and death, at the hands of the Persians, was used by
the Christians as an argument in favour of the new against the old, being looked upon as an omen that Christianity had divine approval. If Julian had been spared to reign some years longer, the entire history of international religion would almost certainly have been different.
Under Emperor Jovian, who followed Julian, the substitution of Christianity for Mithraism made further progress, and old pagan beliefs, like the Virgin Birth, Baptism and Holy Trinity, became generally accepted as the basis of the state religion. The early Christian idea of Unitarianism was quickly squashed in favour of Trinitarianism, and those who refused to accept the Holy Trinity were put to the sword, the beginning of mass slaughter in the name of religion, which was to go on for centuries.
RH Tantum religio potuit suadere malorum. What Nushin writes is extremely important. She does not give the source from which she got this information. She does not mention any relationship between Mithraism and Zoroaster. There are a number of WAISers expert in theology. They may wish to comment. I am copying this to Scotty McLennan, and will of course post any observations he chooses to make.
I asked Nushin Namazi for the source of the information she included in her posting on Mithraism, which was generally well received. Here it is_ http://www.sullivan-county.com/bush/mithraism.htm Nushin writes: Also, in my readings on the internet, I came across a number of sites wherein the church had banned the mention of any idol god or goddess during the sermons. It is truly courageous of Reverand Scotty McLennan to draw parallels between the goddess of spring and tradition of easter. Adriana Pena writes: I once read that the difference between Mithraism and Christianity, was that Mithraism excluded women, while Christianty did not... | <urn:uuid:30f9893f-9205-480a-bf61-1e2c3be9cbc7> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://wais.stanford.edu/ztopics/week030105/religion_050301_originofeaster.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254731.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519081519-20190519103519-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.984148 | 1,460 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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If leadership is more function than office, a number of liberating consequences follow.
First, it should discourage people from pursuing leadership for the wrong reasons — with the mistaken belief that a leader is someone who is better than those who are not leaders.
Next, it frees all of us to function as leaders. If leadership is not tied to office, everyone has the freedom and responsibility to exercise leadership as and when the need arises. Everyone has the responsibility to influence others to move toward God-given goals.
Taking a leaf from Nehemiah, this primer shares the eight key functions that can be seen from Nehemiah’s style of exercising leadership.
Category: Pastoral Resources; Christian Living
Publication Date: 2010
What is a Leader?
Motivation for Leadership
The Practice of Leadership
The Character of the Leader | <urn:uuid:4d194ac9-dba8-408b-bfd4-4fe5adff23e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://store.graceworks.com.sg/publications/leadership | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424575.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723162614-20170723182614-00533.warc.gz | en | 0.909089 | 189 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Nine women ambassadors based in Bangladesh have written an op-ed on ‘16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign’. Below is the full text:
As women ambassadors representing nine nations, there are certainly a wide range of issues on which we focus. Yet we all vigorously agree on this: the urgent need to prevent and respond to gender-based violence in Bangladesh, in our own countries, and across the globe.
Studies show that gender-based violence (GBV) is disturbingly pervasive. Worldwide, the World Health Organization estimates that one of every three women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner during her lifetime. Here in Bangladesh, findings from the Report on Violence Against Women (VAW) Survey 2011 published by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics indicate that as many as 87 percent of married women have ever experienced any type of violence by their husbands.
We can do something to stop it.
Gender-based violence threatens entire communities, precludes economic growth, and fuels cycles of violence and conflict. A recent World Bank study showed that violence against women has significant economic costs. These include health-care costs, lost income for women, decreased productivity, and negative impact across generations.
According to UN Women, violence against women causes more death and disability for women and girls between the ages of 15 and 44 than do cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and war combined.
Gender-based violence comes in many forms, from intimate partner violence to sexual assault to early and forced marriage. Each form of violence is a stain on our collective humanity, a barrier to peace and stability, and a call to action for all of us. Violence is not inevitable – and each of us can do something to stop it.
The 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence is an opportunity for everyone to act. Every November 25, the International Day of Elimination of Violence Against Women kicks off the 16 Days, which ends on Human Rights Day on December 10. Launched by the United Nations, the campaign demands action from everyone – men and women, boys and girls, government officials and community leaders. Around the world and across Bangladesh, people are taking action to raise awareness and promote social norms that refuse to tolerate GBV, prerequisites for preventing this scourge.
At a global level, the nations we represent – Bhutan, Brazil, Denmark, France, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Norway, Sri Lanka, and the United States – are working with the United Nations to end gender-based violence with the new 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, which emphasizes gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls as a cross-cutting issue that we must address if we are to achieve any of our development goals. Now we must turn our attention to implementation. Partnership with other governments, private sector, and especially civil society will be critical to these efforts.
We can each take action in our own lives to end gender-based violence. Support survivors by listening to them and believing in them. Educate men and boys to support women and girls and stand up to violence.
At home and abroad, our governments support projects to raise awareness of gender-based violence, educate policymakers on this issue to increase legislative support, train service providers to better address the needs of survivors, and increase justice and accountability. We fund projects that provide safe spaces and vocational training for survivors, and work to mobilize religious, business owners, and community leaders to end different forms of gender-based violence.
We engage in these efforts because there is another issue on which we all agree: that only through collective action will violence against women and girls be eliminated once and for all.
Her Excellency Ms. Pema Choden
Royal Bhutanese Embassy
Her Excellency Ms. Wanja Campos da Nóbrega
Embassy of Brazil
Her Excellency Ms. Hanne Fugl Eskjær
Embassy of Denmark
Her Excellency Ms. Sophie Aubert
Embassy of the Republic of France
Her Excellency Madame Norlin binti Othman
High Commission of Malaysia
Her Excellency Ms. Leoni Margaretha Cuelenaere
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Her Excellency Ms. Merete Lundemo
Royal Norwegian Embassy
Her Excellency Ms. Yasoja Gunasekera
Sri Lankan High Commission
Her Excellency Ms. Marcia Bernicat
Embassy of the United States | <urn:uuid:a8e4bdeb-c780-4ea8-bb06-46c50e3decb3> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.thedailystar.net/country/9-women-ambassadors-stress-need-prevent-gender-based-violence-184186 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107893011.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027023251-20201027053251-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.937319 | 915 | 2.78125 | 3 |
C. R. Cockerell RA (1788–1863) The Professor’s Dream is the title of a small exhibition (until 25 September) in the Tennant Room at the Royal Academy, a relatively new space that links with the John Madejski Fine Rooms, formerly the piano nobile of old Burlington House. Who was this professor, and what was his dream? For an architect of extraordinary ability, Cockerell seems destined to be overlooked, while some of his contemporaries, including Soane and Pugin, have entered the consciousness of the art-loving public. He was a designer and draughtsman of genius, the finest classical architect to work in the Victorian period. He was a bold and successful archaeologist, who made important discoveries in Greece as a young man, and a major theorist whose lectures as Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy were the pretext for the large watercolour now on show.
‘Architecture belongs to history,’ Cockerell declared to his Academy audience in 1843, standing in front of what he called his ‘drop scene’, showing 63 buildings from the past rising from the same ground plan. ‘The Professor’s Dream’, 1848, is an elaboration of the same idea, in which the oldest (and smallest) buildings are in front, and domes and spires rise in ever paler washes behind them. Close to, the freshness of the rendering is delightful, while from a few paces back, the whole scene shimmers like the dream of the title.
To complement this treasure from the Academy’s collection, the rest of the display illustrates related compositions by Cockerell, and work by students of the Royal Academy after 1870 when, seven years after his death but owing much to his inspiration, an architecture evening school was set up at the newly occupied Burlington House. One of the most telling exhibits is a copy of the Hypnerotomachia Polphili, first published in Venice in 1499. Cockerell declared that the author, Francesco Colonna, ‘is the Walter Scott of architecture, making a pleasant novel to be the vehicle of vast learning’, who, in company with Alberti, ‘sowed the seed which in Peruzzi, Serlio and Palladio produced the widespreading tree in which we build our nests’.
Would it be a shock to pass from Piccadilly to 13 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, to see Wright to Gehry (until 27 August) in the home of Cockerell’s predecessor as RA Professor of Architecture, Sir John Soane? This exhibition of small-scale drawings from the collection of Barbara Pine touches hands with Cockerell, in that there is one academic design exercise from a woman student at MIT whose presentation technique he would recognise. Despite the essentially modernist focus of the collection, I find continuity with Cockerell in the delight so many architects have found in paper and simple media. These drawings are mainly the first thoughts flowing from the hand, and each evokes its author.
Based in New York since 1963, Barbara Pine followed no precedent in her collecting, approaching living architects who were only just beginning to realise that their drawings had value. Soon, a lively market developed, and the strong interest both in the history of architectural drawing and in its current uses was a strong feature of the post-modernist period of the 1970s and 80s. There are drawings by Michael Graves, Aldo Rossi and Robert Venturi, often more likable than their buildings. There are also precious sheets from high modernists, including Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, and some of their less purist contemporaries, such as Gunnar Asplund and Gio Ponti, and some nice examples of Art Deco. Each of the exhibits rewards attention, and few architectural exhibitions range so widely and delightfully; many designs for furniture and rugs are included.
Already, a drawing by the London-based designer Ron Arad, dated 1993, seems a historical record of a different type. Mr Arad now prefers to design on a digital drawing tablet, on which images can be saved and printed. Have we lost something authentic and important this way? I know that the architecture students I teach arrive without necessarily knowing how to draw, and may leave without discovering from their own experience what lies beyond the computer. If I were an architect, I would consider drawing to be the chief pleasure of the job, besides which, you would have something to sell to collectors. | <urn:uuid:211c2af6-d420-437c-af8c-19314ac38375> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/draughtsman-of-genius | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735851.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804014340-20200804044340-00530.warc.gz | en | 0.970313 | 939 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Administering a Vitamin B injection in the deltoid muscle is not a difficult task, but does require a bit of knowledge and practice. Vitamin B is given as an intramuscular injection. This means the needle goes directly into the muscle to deliver the medication.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Vial of vitamin B
- Syringe with needle
- Alcohol wipes
Wash hands with soap and warm water. Remove a disposable syringe with attached needle from the wrapper. Remove the lid to the vial of vitamin B.
Wipe the top of the vial with an alcohol swab. Allow alcohol to dry.
Remove cap from needle and draw air into the syringe. The amount of air drawn into the syringe should be the exact amount of prescribed vitamin B that will be given. Confirm to be sure the dose of vitamin B being administered. Insert needle into the top of the vitamin B vial and the inject air into the vial.
Hold thumb against syringe plunger and invert syringe and vial. Now the vial will be in the air and the bottom of the syringe will be pointing down.
Release pressure on syringe plunger. Slowly allow the medication to enter the syringe. Try to keep air bubbles to a minimum. Once the correct amount of medication is in the syringe, pull the vial off the top of the needle.
Tap the syringe with fingers to release any air bubbles and carefully expel them from the syringe by slightly pressing on the plunger.
Preparing the Injection
Wipe the top third of the upper arm with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry.
Grasp the deltoid muscle between finger and thumb of the non-dominant hand and hold it.
Hold syringe like a dart with the dominant hand and push the needle into the deltoid muscle. The injection should enter the muscle approximately two finger widths below the shoulder.
Pull back on the plunger slightly to be sure the needle did not enter a blood vessel. There will be blood entering the syringe during the pull back if a vessel was injured.
Press the plunger until the medication has entered the muscle. Remove the needle from the arm. Apply pressure to the site with a cotton ball for a minute and apply an adhesive bandage, if needed.
Administering the Injection
Tips and warnings
- Injecting into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm is easiest when another individual administers the medication. It is difficult to correctly self inject into the deltoid muscle.
- If blood appears in the syringe when drawing back, remove the needle and discard the syringe with medication. Begin the process again and inject in a different location.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:1735e6da-5344-4965-a004-2172a66b6dd1> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5106089_administer-vitamin-injection-deltoid.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698540915.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170900-00477-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866904 | 613 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Source: Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
CASOT, JEAN-JOSEPH, priest and Jesuit; b. 4 Oct. 1728 at Paliseul, in the bishopric of Liège (Belgium), son of Jacques Casot and Jeanne Dauvin; d. 16 March 1800 in Quebec.
Jean-Joseph Casot entered the Jesuit noviciate in Paris on 16 Dec. 1753 and arrived in Canada in 1757 as a lay brother. He became cook at the Jesuit college in Quebec. He experienced the war of the conquest, the rationing, the capture of Quebec by the British, the occupation of the college by troops, and the upheavals that ensued for the Society of Jesus in Canada, including the prohibition after the treaty of Paris (1763) from recruiting or receiving new members.
In the autumn of 1759 Brother Casot had taken refuge in the outskirts of Quebec. He returned to the college as cook in June 1761 and was put in charge of the primary school, along with Brother Alexis Maquet; Father Augustin-Louis de Glapion was the sole teacher for secondary studies. (The English garrison was still occupying two-thirds of the college.) Father Glapion, who became superior in 1763, noticed Brother Casot’s ability and soon appointed him bursar of the college. Because of the steadily diminishing number of Jesuit priests, Bishop Briand ordained him priest on 20 Dec. 1766, with Brother Jean-Baptiste Noël; Brother Alexis Maquet was ordained in September 1767. Father Casot spent the rest of his life as bursar of the college in Quebec; he was also confessor to the hospital nuns of the Hôtel-Dieu from 1783 to 1796.
In 1768 Father Glapion, who had given up expecting any early replacements, had dropped instruction at the level of classical studies, maintaining only the primary school, which would be shut down in 1776. On 21 July 1773 the papal brief Dominus ac Redemptor suppressed the Society of Jesus throughout the world. Bishop Briand in 1774 called together the Jesuits residing in Quebec and told them he had the brief and the order to notify them. But, with Governor Carleton*’s agreement, he did not put the order into effect; the Jesuits kept their name and religious habit, and possession of their property. Indeed, since notice of the brief had not been properly given, they remained Jesuits, as did those in Prussia and White Russia. At the time there were only 12 members of the order in Canada, four in Quebec; nine died between 1775 and 1785.
Upon Father Glapion’s death in 1790 Jean-Joseph Casot became administrator of the Jesuit estates and acted as if he were the owner. When Father Bernard Well, the last Jesuit in Montreal, died in March 1791, Father Casot immediately went there and gave all the movables used by his colleague to the Hôpital Général and the poor, claiming these belonged to his order.
On 14 Nov. 1796 Father Casot drew up a testament in which he left the furnishings of his church in Quebec to Coadjutor Bishop Pierre Denaut*, the other churches in the city, the Ursulines, and the diocesan missions. However, he had previously deposited part of the college archives at the Hôtel-Dieu of Quebec and had given the books from the library to the seminary and the table service and pharmaceuticals to the Hôpital Général.
The lieutenant governor, Sir Robert Shore Milnes*, refused to recognize the legality of the will but made sure that most of its provisions were respected. The Ursulines’ annalist, recording Casot’s death on 16 March 1800, noted: “In this month of March passed away at the age of 71 years and 6 months Reverend Father J. Joseph Casot, the last of the sons of Ignatius in this country, who has left as many orphans as there are poor and needy. . . . He used all his income, which we know was large, to aid them, whilst denying himself the necessities of life. His death has been mourned by all men of good will.” With his death began the controversy over the Jesuit estates that was to plague the 19th century.
ASJCF, 740; 741; BO 80, C. Nelisse à A. Mélançon, 6 août 1924; Cahier des vœux, f.42. Bas-Canada, chambre d’Assemblée, Rapport du comité spécial . . . nommé pour s’enquérir de l’état actuel de l’éducation dans la province du Bas-Canada (s.1., ). Isaac Weld, Voyages au Canada dans les années 1795, 1796 et 1797 . . . (3v., Paris, An xi ), II, 80. Allaire, Dictionnaire, I, 164–65. Caron, “Inv. de la corr. de Mgr Briand,” ANQ Rapport, 1929–30, 68; “Inv. de la corr. de Mgr. Denaut,” ANQ Rapport, 1931–32, 166. Mélançon, Liste des missionnaires jésuites. Burke, Les ursulines de Québec (1863–66), III. Rochemonteix, Les jésuites et la N.-F. au XVIIIe siècle, II, 182, 201, 214, 235. J.-E. Roy, “La liste du mobilier qui fut saisi en 1800 par le shérif de Québec, à la mort du père jésuite Cazot,” Revue canadienne (Montréal), XXV (1889), 271–82. | <urn:uuid:1c12a7df-cc61-431a-992e-a5a6651f6d62> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://biographi.ca/en/bio/casot_jean_joseph_4E.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668416.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114104329-20191114132329-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.935247 | 1,270 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Concrete is widely considered to be one of the most durable and long-lasting building materials used today, and throughout history. In fact, concrete was used extensively by the Romans from 300 BC to 476 AD and even remnants of concrete floors, which were made of lime and pebbles, have been discovered in Greece that dates back to roughly 1300 BC. Various materials have been used as concrete additives throughout these times, such as volcanic ash, horsehair, and even blood.
However, though concrete stands up well to the test of time, it will eventually show signs of aging and may need to be repaired to ensure its integrity.
In today’s blog post, we’ll outline the most common factors that cause concrete damage as well as some tell-tale signs that your concrete is old and needs to be repaired or replaced.
What Causes Concrete Damage?
The usage of concrete worldwide is more than double that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined—but it’s not immune to degradation. There are a number of factors that can cause damage to concrete, including
- The expansion of corrosion products (reinforcement bars)
- The freezing of trapped water
- A fire or radiant heat
- Aggregate expansion
- Seawater effects
- Bacterial corrosion
- Erosion by fast-flowing water
- Physical damage
- Chemical damage
Signs that Your Concrete is Aging
So, how can you tell if your concrete floor is being punished by any number of the above factors? Take a look at some of the revealing signs that your concrete is aging:
- Growing cracks: Small cracks tend to spread and become large cracks over time. Neglecting a crack creates a safety risk of tripping over displaced chunks of floor, not to mention, if a floor crack reaches the walls the building’s structural integrity can be compromised. Additionally, water and moisture can become trapped in cracks producing a breeding ground for bacteria, eventually compromising air quality.
- Spalling: Spalling refers to flat fragments of concrete detaching from the main structure—usually caused by the expansion of iron oxides within the steel reinforcement structures or the sudden exposure to very high temperatures.
- A crack pattern: Typical crack patterns are caused by aggregates within the concrete undergoing chemical reactions. The most common are those containing reactive silica—which causes a reaction when water is combined with the alkalis in concrete.
- Moisture Test: Not sure if your concrete was sealed properly? Perform a moisture test by taping an 18” square of plastic to the floor, and then leaving the space. After a few days, return to the plastic square and see if any moisture has beaded on the bottom of the plastic. This method cannot measure the severity of moisture—only if moisture is present. To dive in deeper, turn to calcium chloride tests. These will give you a much more accurate reading of how much moisture is in the floor on a given day, and will also provide you with proof that a floor was not sealed properly.
Ensure a Rock Solid Foundation
Whether you’re a Portland homeowner with a cracked garage floor or a business owner with concerns about your warehouse or office floor—we can help. At Rock Solid, our trained professionals can patch foundation cracks and seal and waterproof the entire floor surface so you won’t have to worry about it any longer.
We also have a variety of refinishing for both interior and exterior concrete applications. Take a look at a few of our services below: | <urn:uuid:eb456f48-221f-40f2-8253-856c40661a94> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.rocksolidwaterproofing.com/signs-concrete-floors-aging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540527620.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210123634-20191210151634-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.953663 | 727 | 3.140625 | 3 |
When I work with families who are struggling with a child's out-of-control behavior, I explain that in the middle of a meltdown, a child feels completely helpless. If left alone, he will feel not only frightened, but also abandoned. I explain that at such a moment, the higher cortical centers of the brain responsible for rational thought are not functioning properly.
These types of severe meltdowns are common in children who have experience early trauma, at the time when the higher cortical centers of the brain were not yet fully developed. Stress of a seemingly minor nature can lead the rational brain to in a sense go "off-line." The child will have access only to the lower brain centers that function more instinctively.
I recall working with the parents of a four-year-old child who had been adopted from another country. There he had lived on the street with his mentally ill mother, from whom he had been separated at one year of age and placed in an orphanage. His adoptive parents where both horrified and overwhelmed by what they interpreted as "anger." He would scream at them, spit at them, kick and hit them. Not only would they get angry in return, interpreting his behavior as "defiant," but they would send him to his room, saying, "I'll be back when you can calm down and behave nicely."
When I explained that during a meltdown he was developmentally more like a newborn than a four- year-old, their approach to him completely changed. Rather than react in anger, they would ask calmly, "Do you need a hug?" Or they would try to hold him. If he were too out-of-control to allow physical contact, they would take him to a place where he was physically safe, and speak to him reassuringly until he began to calm down. Not only did the tantrums subside, but his parents began to learn to recognize when he was about to descend into what they now understood as a lower center of brain function. They would try to engage him when the thinking part of his brain was still working.
Similar mechanisms are at play in a child who has not had this kind of severe trauma. Frequent meltdowns are common in the setting of sensory processing problems and developmental problems such as speech and language delay (as apparently was the case for Rose, the child described the New York Times piece.) When a child is repeatedly abandoned both physically and emotionally in the middle of a meltdown, that experience in itself may be traumatic. In such a situation frequency and intensity of meltdowns often worsens.
Parents often feel that holding a child in this way is counter intuitive. "Won't I teach him that he can get whatever he wants? " they often ask. But the opposite is true. When a child feels held and understood, with time he learns to manage these difficult moments on his own.
Discipline, both in the home and in the school setting, should be founded in contemporary developmental science. This science tells us that when we aim to see the world through the child's eyes, and approach his behavior from a stance of empathy and understanding, he learns to regulate emotions, think clearly, and manage himself in a complex social environment. | <urn:uuid:95ed91e1-755f-4eac-89ff-5a5ad9c035cb> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://claudiamgoldmd.blogspot.com/2012/09/never-leave-child-alone-during-meltdown.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644064420.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00162-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990067 | 652 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Prof Jennie Brand-Miller answers your questions.
Why don’t you use the terms simple and complex carbohydrates anymore?
Research on the glycemic index over the past 30+ years has shown us that using terms like “simple” or “complex” tells us nothing about how the carbohydrates in the foods and beverages we consume affect our blood glucose levels. And for people with diabetes who must manage their BGLs, that’s what matters.
For many years, the nature of carbohydrates was described by their chemical structure. They were either simple or complex and it was all about size. Sugars were simple and starches were complex. Why? Well sugars were small molecules and starches were big ones. From this, it was assumed that big starch carbohydrates would be slowly digested and absorbed and would therefore cause only a small and gradual rise in blood glucose levels. So they were called “complex” and this implied healthy. Smaller sugar carbohydrates were assumed to be digested and absorbed quickly, producing a rapid increase in blood glucose simply because they were small. So we called them “simple” and gave the impression that they were not so good for us.
Then along came David Jenkins and Tom Wolever’s ground-breaking research on the glycemic index. It challenged these assumptions with real science. It showed us what actually happens in our bodies with real foods in real people and blood tests (something that had never been done before). It showed us that the rise in blood glucose after meals cannot be predicted on the basis of molecule size or chemical structure. In other words, the old distinctions between starchy foods (complex carbohydrates) and sugary foods (simple carbohydrates) had no useful application when it came to blood glucose levels – and all of the health issues that relate to them. The GI is the only way you can rank the glycemic potency of the carbohydrates in different foods exactly as they are eaten.
Professor Jennie Brand-Miller (AM, PhD, FAIFST, FNSA, MAICD) is an internationally recognised authority on carbohydrates and the glycemic index with over 250 scientific publications. She holds a Personal Chair in Human Nutrition in the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders and Charles Perkins Centre at the University of Sydney. She is the coauthor of many books for the consumer on the glycemic index and health. | <urn:uuid:a2d31d68-1964-4f81-8454-2066ae503a6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ginews.blogspot.com/2014/11/q-with-prof-jennie-brand-miller.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280308.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967025 | 491 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Brian Cambourne’s Model of Learning
(As it applies to Literacy Learning)
Learners need to be immersed in text of all kinds
Learners need to receive many demonstrations of how texts are constructed and used.
Expectation of those to whom learners are bonded are powerful coercers of behavior. “We achieve what we expect to achieve; We fail what we expect to fail; we are more likely to engage with demonstrations of those whom we regard as significant and who hold high expectations for us.”
Learners need to make their own decisions about when, how and what ‘bits’to learn in any learning task. Learners who lose the ability to make decisions are ‘depowered’.
Learners need time and opportunity to use, employ and practice their developing control in functional, realistic, non-artificial ways.
Learners must be free to approximate the desired model- ‘Mistakes’ are essential for learning to occur.
Learners must receive ‘feedback’ from exchanges with more knowledgeable ‘others’.
Response must be relevant, appropriate, timely, readily available, non-threatening, with no strings attached.
Occurs when learner is convinced that:
I am a potential ‘doer’ or ‘performer’ of these demonstrations I’m observing.
Engaging with these demonstrations will further the purposes of my life.
I can engage and try to emulate without fear of physical or psychological hurt if my attempt is not fully ‘correct’.
Helping learners to make these decisions constitutes the ‘artistic’ dimensions of teaching. It is difficult for teachers who dislike children. | <urn:uuid:16fadf85-6536-49c5-9a3c-bcd50bc320b9> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.mythirdgrade.com/brianc.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645330816.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031530-00264-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921163 | 357 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Haptic device uses ultrasonic sensors to help the visually impaired walk without fearing collisions.
Project HALO is a haptic feedback device that helps the visually impaired navigate freely without the assistance of a cane or guide. Developed by a Instructables user ‘polymythic’, the gadget uses ultrasonic rangefinders that takes input from sensors and outputs the feedback to the vibration motors set up around a person’s head. As the wearer gets closer to a blocking object, the vibration in the device increases indicating him to alter his direction. Conversely, if there’s no vibration, he can safely continue walking in that path.
Watch its demo below: | <urn:uuid:213a5988-ce45-407d-9b16-cb1df1b9ad1c> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.psfk.com/2010/12/project-halo-allows-the-blind-to-navigate-freely-without-assistance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931006716.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155646-00248-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.870697 | 138 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Washington, April 19 (IANS) While the world celebrated the detection of gravitational waves in September last year, less than half a second later, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope picked up a brief, weak burst of high-energy light consistent with the same part of the sky.
Analysis of this burst suggests just a 0.2-percent chance of simply being random coincidence.
Gamma-rays arising from a black hole merger would be a landmark finding because black holes are expected to merge “cleanly,” without producing any sort of light, the researchers noted.
“This is a tantalising discovery with a low chance of being a false alarm but before we can start rewriting the textbooks, we will need to see more bursts associated with gravitational waves from black hole mergers,” said Valerie Connaughton, a GBM team member at the National Space, Science and Technology Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
On September 14, waves of energy travelling for more than a billion years gently rattled space-time in the vicinity of Earth.
The disturbance, produced by a pair of merging black holes, was captured by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) facilities in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana.
This event marked the first-ever detection of gravitational waves and opens a new scientific window on how the universe works.
As the two black holes near each other, they merge into a single black hole that settles into its “ringdown” phase where the final gravitational waves are emitted.
The GBM team calculates less than a 0.2-percent chance random fluctuations would have occurred in such close proximity to the merger.
“Detecting light from a gravitational wave source by Fermi will enable a much deeper understanding of the event,” the authors stated.
Fermi’s GBM sees the entire sky not blocked by Earth and is sensitive to X-rays and gamma rays with energies between 8,000 and 40 million electron volts (eV).
For comparison, the energy of visible light ranges between about 2 and 3 eV.
“With just one joint event, gamma rays and gravitational waves together will tell us exactly what causes a short GRB,” added Lindy Blackburn, postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
“There is an incredible synergy between the two observations, with gamma rays revealing details about the source’s energetics and local environment and gravitational waves providing a unique probe of the dynamics leading up to the event,” he explained in a paper under review by The Astrophysical Journal.
The LIGO event was produced by the merger of two relatively large black holes, each about 30 times the mass of the sun.
Binary systems with black holes this big were not expected to be common, and many questions remain about the nature and origin of the system.
Famous physicist Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in his general theory of relativity a century ago and scientists have been attempting to detect them for 50 years. | <urn:uuid:7473dbf7-6644-4a7a-a95b-9fcdb6134999> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.canindia.com/nasas-fermi-telescope-set-to-spot-gravitational-wave-sources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811352.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218023321-20180218043321-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.923801 | 658 | 3.609375 | 4 |
The know-hows of Distribution Boards
As the name suggests, a Distribution Board is one of the components of the electricity supply system that divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits (lights and plugs) and provides a protective fuse for each circuit in a common enclosure.
Here's what you need to know before buying Diesel Generators
A diesel generator is a device that generates electricity, with the combination of a diesel engine and an electric generator. Mostly used in cases of power cuts, the diesel generators are also used in places where there is no connection with the power grid.
Why choose changeover switches over others?
Our lifestyle is changing rapidly, and so is the technology around us. Today, you will find solutions to almost every problem, and some things will make your life, a smooth and happy ride.
A Beginners Guide To Control Panel And Its Components.
The human body is so complex and is made up of numerous organs that function together. These vital organs coordinate with each other and respond to our surroundings. Just like human bodies, control panels are metal boxes that as a group holds all the essential electrical devices that regulate and monitor a mechanical process electrically.
Benefits Of Using A Diesel Generator
A diesel generator set does the work of converting mechanical energy to electricity. Factories, commercial offices or households require generators as a backup power in case of sudden power loss to avoid huge losses which would otherwise have adverse effects on business operations. Hence, having a backup power ready becomes very crucial for them. With the temperature reaching extreme levels in summers, many households are also seen using diesel generators to avoid the soaring heat.
Diesel generators: Features and applications
Modern-day diesel generator in Uganda have the capability of automatically transferring the power supply source from the network to the generator during a power cut and this also works the reverse way.
Factors To Consider While Purchasing Industrial Diesel Generator In Kenya.
A generator is a system that automatically starts functioning within seconds of a power outage. The automated switch senses a power outage and instructs the generator to start and transmits the electricity. Due to the ever-increasing need for electricity by industries in Kenya, the country often has to face load shedding problems. | <urn:uuid:2a06012c-6b52-432d-93d4-f47ac88701cd> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://vestaengineering.net/blogs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945287.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324144746-20230324174746-00022.warc.gz | en | 0.930482 | 449 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
The process of producing images of the structure or activity of the brain or other part of the nervous system by techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography.‘more research is needed before scientists can use functional neuroimaging to confirm a diagnosis of the vegetative state’
- ‘As a research team devoted to ethics in advanced neuroimaging, we are considering what this future may bring.’
- ‘On the frontier is the use of neuroimaging in market research.’
- ‘For all its flaws, neuroimaging is here to stay.’
- ‘Neuroimaging is one tool to map out brain function to learn how the brain works.’
- ‘As I've mentioned many times, advances in neuroimaging are critically important in order to understand the workings of the human brain, detect diseases before their clinical signs appear, develop targeted drug therapies for illnesses and to provide a better understanding of learning disabilities.’
- ‘Functional/dynamic neuroimaging is a field undergoing particularly rapid development.’
- ‘This new trial would add magnetic resonance images to map any differences in brain activation patterns, even though previous studies that attempted to use neuroimaging to define the disorder remain controversial.’
- ‘Yes, there is an interesting discussion, though, around neuroimaging and how it might change our concept of moral and legal responsibility.’
- ‘Taking neuroimaging outside of medicine, she dives into neuromarketing and beyond.’
- ‘Of the dozen or so new faculty members recently hired by his department, he says, 10 use primarily neuroimaging.’
- ‘Ever more precise neurochemistry, neuroimaging, and functional neuroimaging techniques implicate these brain regions as well.’
- ‘Recently, functional neuroimaging has been used to examine the brain mechanisms underlying age-related differences in face processing.’
- ‘Functional neuroimaging purports to offer just such a direct window on the mind's operations.’
- ‘Neuroscience is a very broad field, with subdisciplines spanning anatomy, molecular biology, neurochemistry, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and behavior.’
- ‘Beyond what she mentions here, we also see use of neuroimaging in finance, marketing, art, and even love.’
- ‘There is a growing regard for the novelty and breadth of purposes for neuroimaging.’
- ‘But inquiries into the ethics of neuroimaging may be a case of closing the barn door after the horse has escaped.’
- ‘Neuroimaging has been used in a wide variety of memory studies pertinent to the ones we report.’
- ‘We have some hints that come from neuroimaging, like PET scans or MRIs, and from genetic studies.’
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity. | <urn:uuid:680cdc9f-0d34-4033-9b87-b73f8d6959e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/neuroimaging | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189686.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00583-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93536 | 719 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Providing lush foliage along with buttery fruits, the avocado tree has an unusual flower type. Blossoms have both stigmas and stamens so that they can be cross-pollinated from various other avocado tree flower varieties; using both male and female parts allows the tree to have more fruit available at various times of year. Although many other plant species have bisexual flowers, the avocado tree uses its flowers in a well-timed process for optimal fertilization in mild Mediterranean climates.
Type A Varieties
Avocado trees designated as type A varieties, like "Choquette" and "Nesbitt," initially bloom in the morning showcasing their female stigma. By the afternoon, the flower will be closed until the next day. The same flower, however, opens in the afternoon of the next day with its stamen in full view. Both periods that the flower opens to the environment invite insects, like bees, to drink the nectar so that they can move on to other avocado trees for cross pollination.
Type B Varieties
Other avocado tree varieties, such as "Hardee" and "Brogdon," open their flowers in the exact opposite configuration as the type A avocados; they are referred to as type B avocados. Instead of opening as a female in the morning of the first day, type B flowers open in the afternoon. Subsequently, the following day reveals the stamen in the morning, as opposed to the afternoon for the type A varieties. As a result, both type A and B avocado varieties have a chance at cross pollination throughout a two-day period.
Mixing the Varieties
Planting both type A and B avocado trees in your garden is the best way to cross-pollinate. If you look at both type A and B blooming periods and combine them, you will find that the male and female flower parts are primed for cross pollination and fertilization on both days. When one avocado type is receiving pollen, the other type is distributing pollen. As a result, both tree types should have fully pollinated flowers for future fruiting.
There is a short time period that the female flower remains open to pollination for both varieties. A two- to three-hour period is the only time insects have to move the pollen from tree to tree. Not only is this a short time period, but the surrounding climate must be relatively warm; the temperature must be 70 degrees Fahrenheit or higher for proper flower opening and cross pollination.
- Zedcor Wholly Owned/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:d83dd915-d2e3-4e12-9c75-32ce5e4bd835> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/cross-pollination-avocado-43038.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573309.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918151927-20190918173927-00124.warc.gz | en | 0.947039 | 527 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Home » Zambia
Facts about Zambia
* About size of Texas, population 13 million
* Former Northern Rhodesia, independence in 1964, democratically elected government
* English official language, but 70 local languages
* Life expectancy about 49, median age 16.5
* Unemployment rate fluctuates between 12% and 20%. Average income $380 per year
* On U.N. scale of poverty, Zambia ranks 166 out of 177 countries. About 68% of Zambians live below the recognized national poverty line, with rural poverty rates standing at about 78% and urban rates of 53%
* Economy --mining and agriculture
* HIV/AIDS --13.5% of pop. living with HIV/AIDS. 57% of these are women and 12% are children. 75% of households caring for at least one orphan. A UN report in 2012 has revealed that Zambia has drastically reduced new HIV infections by 58 per cent and achieved more than 80 per cent HIV treatment.
* Basic education free through grade 7, but families must provide uniforms, shoes, and books. Most students drop out after grade 7.
* Geographically largest province, rural, population 1.76 million
* No industries, most people subsistence farmers, some commercial fishing
* Minimal infrastructure, poor roads, great distances between towns, isolated
* Not serviced by most major NGO’s (“beyond their catchment area”) | <urn:uuid:cb02e774-a629-4f6c-859e-d977394f049c> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://heartsforzambia.org/zambia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323604.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628101910-20170628121910-00577.warc.gz | en | 0.907494 | 296 | 2.875 | 3 |
Practice Does Not Necessarily Make Perfect
But it sure does help.
Posted December 14, 2019
Becoming skilled in any endeavor requires the building of skills necessary for competence and mastery.
The general principles include (but are not limited to):
- Technical guidance
- And, oh, did I mention practice?
In case you're not familiar with the definition of that word, here is the Webster’s version: "Repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill so as to acquire or maintain proficiency in it." The keyword here is: repeated. To develop competency in any area of life in which we seek to develop expertise, we need to practice.
The best place to practice if you seek to master the art of relationships is to be in one yourself. Books and workshops are good too. They definitely help. But there’s no better way to pit yourself against the challenges that relationships provide if you want to really experience the rubber meeting the road than actually being in a relationship.
Some of the things that you get to experience as you practice include:
Despite the old saying that “practice makes perfect,” in most cases, it doesn’t. Even the most gifted musicians, doctors, writers, actors, and others who stand out in their chosen field rarely if ever see themselves as flawless in their performance, even though others may see them that way.
The development of any new skill usually involves the process of moving forward and then slipping backward repeatedly. That’s where patience comes in. If we expect that it’s a steady upward path to mastery, we’re likely to be disappointed, frustrated, and eventually may stop practicing.
In order to master the art of relationships, we need to become skilled in the art of “conscious combat.” Although most of us would prefer to avoid conflict, because of the likelihood of having a partnership in which there are some differences in our personalities, how we see things, process emotions, and even certain values, learning to manage differences before they turn into destructive combat is probably a good idea.
We probably won’t always be able to stay present, conscious, and centered, but we can learn how to recover quickly when we get thrown off-track. It’s possible, in fact, to recover so quickly that no one but ourselves even notices that we temporarily lost it. But this takes practice, and that means that we have to be willing to experience being thrown.
Not just literally thrown, like a practicing martial artist, but thrown off our internal center, which happens when we lose it. The “it” is our sense of emotional balance. Every instance of losing it in an argument represents another opportunity to practice getting it back.
This happens more quickly, and with less effort, once we have overridden the old habit of reacting with defensiveness and/or offensiveness. Our new default becomes an instinct to:
1. Experience the feeling that is being activated.
3. Identify the feeling.
4. Take a moment to pause and reflect.
5. Communicate your experience to your partner.
6. Repeat until you either feel more complete or need to take a break or a time-out.
At first, this process may feel awkward. Even though practice doesn’t necessarily make perfect, after a few repetitions, it begins to feel natural, and you will find yourself running through the steps more quickly.
At first, it may take several minutes to get through the process. You may not even be able to get through them all. In time, you will find yourself going through the whole process in seconds. Eventually, you will be able to complete the process within yourself, without the other person even noticing.
Misunderstandings come up at least occasionally, but they need not derail us. And even if they do, we can put ourselves back on track by focusing on what we can do to get re-railed rather than what they did that threw us off.
The realization that we can be effective agents in this process rather than helpless victims is a game-changer. Once we see that, not just as an intellectual construct, but from the results of our actual experience, it’s hard ever to go back. But then, why would you want to? | <urn:uuid:c1872f8e-88c0-43c7-a1a0-3232030e1181> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/stronger-the-broken-places/201912/practice-does-not-necessarily-make-perfect | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335396.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929225326-20220930015326-00234.warc.gz | en | 0.956078 | 979 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Check Daily, Water As Needed
Summer Planting in the Sacramento Valley
From the Davis Enterprise, June 28, 2007
Click here for summer transplanting guide
Simple answers don't begin with 'that depends.'
When people ask me how they should water their newly
transplanted trees and shrubs in the summer, my answer is often not simple. It
begins with 'what are you watering with?' Then we may need to discuss what type
of soil they have, what kinds of plants, and so on. But gardening is full of
rules of thumb, guidelines that are easy to remember. After all, gardening is a
mix of science, skill, and art. So let's come up with a simple answer to the
question: how should I water new plants during the summer?
Let's get one myth out of the way first: 'It's too hot to
plant here during the summer.' Nonsense!
Landscape contractors don't stop working in the summer.
Ideal temperatures for plants to establish and grow are 55 – 90 degrees
(F), which is the majority of our summer temperature range. A plant that can
grow in our climate can sustain short periods of very hot weather, even shortly
There are advantages and disadvantages to every season
here. Some advantages of summer planting?
Plants root quickly into warm soil, establishing faster
than in winter or spring.
You have greater control over soil moisture, so you can
dig a proper planting hole. Water thoroughly a couple of days beforehand, and
the soil will be perfectly workable.
Many plants prefer warm weather: subtropicals and
plants from Mediterranean climates, for example. Citrus trees planted in late
winter often sulk, whereas those planted in summer begin immediate growth.
Availability and quality from wholesale growers are
often better in summer. Propagation and production cycles of many plants have
them retail-ready in summer: shade trees, subtropicals, and Crape myrtles are
The key to success, regardless of season, is proper planting
Most important is how you water. Our margin of error about
watering is narrower in the summer. Plants should not be stressed to the point
of wilt, while watering too often leads to crown- and root-attacking fungus.
Therein lies the reputation that summer planting is difficult.
Aftercare includes the period of transplant stress and
early root establishment.
When you take the plant out of the pot, you will find
roots circling or bound up. Sometimes you have a solid cylinder of packed
roots. Pull, tease, or even cut
those roots to get them un-bound. Obviously that stresses the plant a bit.
Exposing the fine root hairs to the air kills them, and those are the
water-uptake part of the root. So the plant droops, even with adequate soil moisture.
But that period of shock only
lasts a few days: the fine root hairs re-grow immediately if the soil is loose,
warm, and moist.
After the first couple of days, the roots quickly begin to
grow out into the surrounding soil – especially if you have loosened it
at the time of planting. This is why we recommend digging a hole at least twice
as wide as the container, turning and crumbling and mixing the soil thoroughly.
Full root penetration into the surrounding soil occurs within about six weeks,
so that is how long it needs special watering attention.
So here is the first rule of thumb: check the plants
daily, water as needed.
Simple enough. But what does 'as needed' mean?
You could wait until the plant starts to wilt slightly,
poke your finger into the soil an inch or so, wait until it feels nearly dry to
Or you can calculate it.
Ok, so I actually have a degree in plant science. I should
be able to calculate how much water a plant needs. The evapotranspiraton rate
(ET rate) is a measure of how much water a plant uses, measured in inches
(gallons per square foot). All you need to know is the plant's canopy (leaf
area), look online at the weather data for Davis at ipm.ucdavis.edu, and you
can calculate how much water a plant used. Let's see: 1 inch of water = 0.62
gallons per square foot. The ET rate on June 21 was .27 inches at the Davis weather
station, so a 2-foot diameter plant used about one-half gallon of water (you still
with me?) that day.
Now, I haven't accounted for the variation in ET rates by
microclimate, because I have no way to measure ET on my own property. And plant
species vary in their actual usage: the ET rate measurements are based on turf.
So I'd need the landscape coefficients for my particular species to multiply (stop
yawning!) the ET figures, but that would, if anything, make the actual use rate
a bit lower. I'd have to do separate calculations for each plant based on size
and type, or figure out the average for the whole planting area.
I'm guessing most people won't find this approach very
All right, let's try a more hands-on technique. At the
nursery we water nearly every plant nearly every day during the summer. How
much water does it take to get the nursery soil thoroughly wet? I tell my staff
to count to five slowly for a #5 can, and to ten for a #15 can. The new plant
in the ground is still mostly in the nursery soil for the first couple of
How much water does your hose put out? At full throttle
about 7.5 gallons per minute in our area (contact your local water district to get information for your area, or calculate it from charts based on your water pressure and meter size). So here's how much we're watering each day:
4" pot: one quart
#1 can: 0.5 gallon
#5 can: 0.75 gallon
#15 can: 1 gallon
But there are a couple of issues with this approach once
the plants are in the ground.
watering in heavy soil encourages fungus that may kill the plant, especially in
hot weather. It's better to allow the soil surface to dry slightly between
So here's our second rule of thumb: Water every
other day, the following amounts:
* 4" pot: 0.5 gallon
* #1 can: 1 gallon
* #5 can: 1.5 gallons
* #15 can: 2 gallons.
You can do this with a hose or with a drip system. Most
drip emitters put out 1 – 2 gallons per hour, so you'll need to run the
drip line for 1 – 2 hours every other day.
My friend and associate, Deborah Flower, is a horticulture
instructor at Sierra College in Rocklin. When she was a graduate student at UC
Davis, she field-tested (literally) this approach with #1 and #5 size shrubs
planted in a field near Old Davis Rd. She made a simple berm of soil around the
nursery soil and watered the measured amounts by hand. She notes, 'when I used
this system I did not lose a single plant!'
2. The soil
around the nursery soil also needs to get wet, or the roots won't grow outward.
So use a sprinkler or your existing system to water the surrounding soil
thoroughly once a week. Set out some tuna cans to make sure you're applying 1.5
– 2 inches of water a week.
In her experiment, Debbie accomplished this extra
watering by thoroughly soaking the soil in a larger area around each plant.
Why not just use your sprinkler system for the new
plants? Because the other plants in your yard don't need water that often. It
is better to water the new plants individually. A simple drip watering system,
or a soaker hose, is best for the new plants if you can't hand-water. Be sure
that the drip emitter is positioned just over the nursery soil.
continues, 'they must be cautioned to not continue this frequency of watering
once the plant is established!' So here's our third rule of thumb: keep it up
for six weeks: that is, continue the
individual every-other-day watering, by hand or with a drip line, for six
weeks. A simple battery-operated timer can automate the process if you want to
go on vacation. It's ok to give new plants an extra drink on a windy day.
After six weeks, you should be able to set your timer to a frequency and depth of irrigation appropriate to the types of plants you installed.
A healthy plant, properly planted and watered, will
begin new growth immediately and you will gain a whole summer's growth!
Note: Deborah Flower's experiment and recommendations
are described in Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs, 2nd
Edition, Publication 3359 of the UC
Integrated Pest Management Program and available online at ipm.ucdavis.edu.
© 2008 Don Shor, Redwood Barn Nursery, Inc., 1607 Fifth Street, Davis, Ca 95616
Feel free to copy and distribute this article with attribution to this author.
Click here for Don's other Davis Enterprise articles | <urn:uuid:e20237c6-2cec-4dad-a463-772bcdcf50bf> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | http://redwoodbarn.com/DE_summerwaternew.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363135.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20211205035505-20211205065505-00437.warc.gz | en | 0.931812 | 2,035 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Fishery collapses can be difficult to forecast and prevent due to hyperstability, a phenomenon where catch rates remain high even as fish abundance declines.
In a recent Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences study, “Experimental demonstration of catch hyperstability from habitat aggregation, not effort sorting, in a recreational fishery,” researchers conducted a whole-lake experiment to reveal the causes of hyperstability in recreational fisheries. Fish habitat preferences were found to leave them vulnerable to overexploitation.
Chris Solomon, an aquatic ecologist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, was an author on the paper. He explains, “The few previous studies on hyperstability in recreational fisheries, like those in commercial fisheries, have relied on observational data. By using an experimental approach, we were able to reveal the underlying cause of a problem that has vexed fisheries managers.”
By manipulating the abundance of largemouth bass in a northern Wisconsin lake, Solomon and colleagues undertook the first experimental test of hyperstability. Over the span of three months, the research team changed the abundance of bass in Camp Lake on a weekly basis, from over 350 to only 25 fish. Electrofishing was used to temporarily move animals from the lake’s main basin to an isolated side basin.
Once a week, three anglers fished for two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening, boating along the shore. They targeted the littoral zone, preferred bass habitat, and recorded the location of each fish hooked. When their catch rates were compared to the known abundance of bass in the lake each week, the team documented that angler success remained high until only a few fish remained.
The mechanisms believed to cause hyperstability are habitat aggregation and effort sorting. Habitat aggregation refers to the tendency of fish species to cluster in areas with preferred habitat features like fallen trees or aquatic vegetation. Effort sorting refers to angler skill, with less skilled anglers moving on as fish decline, resulting in high catch rates for the remaining skilled anglers.
Lead author Colin Dassow, a PhD candidate at the University of Notre Dame, explains, “Previous studies have linked hyperstability to effort sorting. By using a fixed set of anglers, we excluded this variable. Habitat aggregation was the driver of hyperstability collapse in Camp Lake. Hyperstability heightens the risk of fishery collapse because anglers don’t get any signal that fish are in trouble until it’s too late.”
Solomon explains, “We found that hyperstability can occur simply because anglers know where fish like to gather, even at times of year when fish are not densely aggregated for spawning. That’s worrisome because most fish species have habitat preferences – suggesting that many recreational fisheries may be susceptible to hyperstability.”
According to the paper’s authors, limiting angler effort is the primary way to protect fish that are vulnerable due to habitat aggregation. This could take the form of shortening the fishing season, reducing harvest limits, or prohibiting fishing when and where fish gather to spawn. These aren’t always popular policies, but they could prove instrumental to conserving fish stocks and quality fishing opportunities.
“Protecting the economic, social, and ecological benefits of healthy fisheries requires closer monitoring,” Dassow notes. “Unfortunately, data reported by anglers is patchy and data collected by researchers and state agencies is too costly to undertake at scale. Both types of data inform our understanding of how the system as a whole is ‘working’, but we don’t have enough of either type.”
Solomon concludes, “It’s important for anglers to understand that what comes out of the water is not always representative of what lies beneath the surface. Even if the fish are biting, this doesn’t mean there are many of them. Anglers, fisheries managers, and other stakeholders must work together to advocate for better monitoring and sensible limits on effort if we want to sustain good fishing opportunities now and in the future.” | <urn:uuid:c89eb614-05c6-486a-9c13-94ca2808718b> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.cbbulletin.com/study-looks-at-hyperstability-where-recreational-fishing-catch-rates-high-as-fish-abundance-declines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588244.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027212831-20211028002831-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.9463 | 851 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Do you ever feel like you’re struggling to remember everything? You’re not alone. Many people have difficulty with memory recall, especially when trying to learn something new. This guide will teach you how to develop a system of memory recall and learning that will help you remember everything you read or learn. We’ll also provide tips on improving your productivity and getting the most out of your learning experience!
The basics of memory recall
Many people think of memory as either there or not, but the reality is much more complex. Memory is a process that involves three different stages: encoding, storage, and recall. To better understand how memory works, let’s take a closer look at each location.
Encoding is the first stage of memory and refers to the process of taking in new information. For information to be encoded, it must be noticed and given meaning. This can happen through sight, sound, touch, or other senses. Once information is encoded, it can then be stored in either short-term or long-term memory.
Short-term memory is like a holding tank for recently encoded information. It has a limited capacity and can only store information for a few seconds to a few minutes. The reason why short-term memory is so limited is that it is not permanent. Unless the information in short-term memory is transferred to long-term memory, it will be quickly forgotten.
Long-term memory is where permanently stored memories are kept. Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity. Once information is encoded and stored in long-term memory, it can be recalled at any time. However, recall does not always happen automatically. In some cases, people may need to use specific cues (e.g., smell, taste, sound) to trigger the recall of a particular memory.
By understanding the basics of memory, you can become more aware of how you encode and store information. This knowledge can be helpful in both everyday life and academic settings. When you know how your mind works, you can better control the recall process and access the information you need when you need it.
How to develop a system for learning and memory recall
Learning anything new can feel daunting at first. So much information to take in and remember! However, there are some techniques you can use to make the process easier and improve your chances of recalling what you’ve learned later on. First, try to create a personal connection to the material. If you can relate it to something you’re already interested in or have experienced, you’ll be more likely to pay attention and remember it better. A great way to do this is by relating to a story you have read or watched a video of online.
Next, break the material into smaller chunks and focus on one thing at a time. Try to understand it before moving on. Work your curiosity into the mix. Have you ever visited Wikipedia and found yourself going down a rabbit hole? The same principle applies here. As you are exposed to some new information, try to learn about that small chunk individually. Become curious about it.
Tips for using your system to improve productivity and academic performance
As any student knows, there are only so many hours in the day. Time management is essential for making the most of those hours and ensuring that you are productive inside and outside the classroom. One way to do this is to develop a system for tracking your tasks and priorities. This can be as simple as maintaining a to-do list or using a more sophisticated task-management app. The key is to be consistent in using whatever method you choose. Another way to boost your productivity is to take advantage of technology. Several apps and online tools can help you stay organized and on track. For example, you can set up alerts to remind you of upcoming deadlines or use a virtual assistant to help with research or scheduling. By taking advantage of the resources at your disposal, you can set yourself up for success both in and out of the classroom.
Or, you can go simple. I keep a small notebook in my pocket everywhere I go. As I learn something new, I write it down and reference it later.
How to keep your system organized and effective over time
No matter how carefully you plan and how streamlined your system is, it will lose its organization and effectiveness over time when you start using it. This is simply a fact of life, but there are things you can do to combat the decline. By regularly taking some time to review and revise your system, you can keep it running smoothly for years to come. Here are some tips for keeping your system organized and effective: Make sure everything has a home: One of the main reasons systems break down is because items don’t have a designated place to go. When you can’t find something, it throws off the entire system. So take the time to assign a home for every item in your system, and ensure everyone in your household knows where things go. Periodically purge: Just as your system gradually accumulates new items, it will also suffer from old items that are no longer needed or used. Every once in a while, go through your system and get rid of anything that no longer serves a purpose. This will help to keep your design streamlined and prevent clutter from accumulating. Be flexible: As your needs change, so too should your system. Don’t be afraid to change things if something isn’t working anymore. The goal is to have a system that works for you, so be willing to experiment until you find what works best. Following these tips can keep your system organized and effective for years.
Following these tips will help you create a system for learning and memory recall that is effective and organized. You’ll see an improvement in your productivity, academic performance, and overall grades. Don’t let yourself forget the importance of a robust memory recall system! A sound memory recall system can be a great asset in any area – from school to work to personal relationships. | <urn:uuid:c977f26c-a190-41ad-915b-847907cd0a50> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://davidbrownonline.com/index.php/2022/12/05/how-to-develop-a-system-of-memory-recall-and-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500368.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207004322-20230207034322-00261.warc.gz | en | 0.949679 | 1,232 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Covering the period from 1999 to 2013, the study by Princeton University researchers says it is particularly acute for those without a college education.
"This change reversed decades of progress in mortality and was unique to the United States; no other rich country saw a similar turnaround," the authors wrote of their study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
So what's believed to be behind it?
SuicideNational data sets from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used in the study show that middle-aged whites are committing suicide at an unrivalled rate.
Suicide rates were reported to be higher in the Southern and Western regions of the US than in the Midwest or the Northeast, where people around them tend to be more highly educated and employed.
"[Increased mortality rates] really do show a growth disparity in health that reflects a growing disparity in wealth," Joshua Sharfstein, a professor of public health at Johns Hopkins University, told the BBC. "It's more than a collection of anecdotes."
But why are whites so much more likely to commit suicide than other demographic groups? Researchers say the answer is complicated - and has a lot to do with culture.
"It is striking that suicide rates are highest in white females and white males, that is a complicated social and cultural phenomenon," Pat Remington, a professor of population health sciences at the University of Wisconsin, told the BBC. "It has to do with a mix of risk factors."
Mr Remington also pointed to the widespread availability of guns and prescription drugs that enable suicide.
"This is not an urban African American issue as much as it is a rural, poor rural white male issue... Culture comes to play, a culture of not necessarily treating depression," said Mr Remington. "The rural culture -if it's not broken, don't fix it."
Drug and alcohol abusePrescriptions for opioid drugs for pain control in the US have increased greatly since the 1990s.
When opioids became harder to obtain through regulations, some people turned to heroin as the US saw rising quality and falling prices for the illicit drug.
"There are no single reasons for this, but the typical cascade is - an individual will obtain a narcotic through a prescription, transition to lower cost drugs like heroin, then eventually have health problems, then have an early death," said Mr Remington.
The New York Times reports that 90% of people who tried heroin in the last decade were white.
Drug addiction in black communities ultimately resulted in mass incarceration, while heroin and prescription drug abuse has been met with a more sympathetic approach, possibly because its victims are white.
The increase in alcohol abuse can be connected to an "underlying epidemic of pain," too, the researchers write.
"The US is suffering a major epidemic of opioids and use disorders," said Mr Sharfstein. "It has obviously gotten to the point where it's effecting overall population health statistics."
"People realise that it's affecting many, many families and all of that adds up. It's the reason why this is such a serious crisis."
Declining mental and physical health
Middle-aged whites reported problems with walking a quarter of a mile, climbing 10 steps, standing or sitting for two hours, shopping and socialising - some of which are risk factors for suicide.
People may be working blue-collar jobs which keep them inactive, working odd hours or doing hard physical labour which is taking a toll.
Mr Remington said that for much of the study's time period, people were uninsured.
"Forty-five to 54 is an age range where people can struggle, they may be in mid-life, they may not have the means, or health insurance or access to primary care," said Mr Remington.
The pattern of mortality decline slowdown is troublingly similar to what happened in the US during the height of the Aids epidemic, the researchers point out.
Financial stressFinancial insecurity weighs heavily on US workers, the researchers point out.
This particular group, without university degrees, is struggling with economic insecurity and lack of sufficient retirement funds, contributing to anxiety and overall loss of well-being.
Growth in earnings has been slow, the researchers note, and unlike Europe, where defined-benefit pensions are common, US pension plans carry stock market risk, and many have not contributed enough to their retirement plans.
As the researchers point out, economic productivity slowdown happens in many European countries, but they are not seeing the same drastically increasing mortality rates.
"With the culture in rural communities, when economic conditions during recessions, we see almost like clockwork, rates of suicide and self-destructive behaviours going up," said Mr Remington. | <urn:uuid:85a6a9af-29bc-4b08-aab1-ce3d27acd323> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://fragmentsfromawritingdesk.blogspot.com/2015/11/this-news-story-is-right-up-there-with.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218205046.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322213005-00627-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966744 | 960 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Simulate to prepare for a rainy day
The vast increases in computing capacity in recent times have enabled modelling techniques to be used in the study of divergent and complex phenomena. Modelling can be used to study a myriad of scenarios in process events and their consequences. The information can be used to minimise harmful effects and to evaluate what actions are required if a dangerous situation should arise.
With the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), we can predict risks and ensure that we are better prepared for dangerous situations. It can, for example, be used to simulate the spread of hazardous chemicals in a facility or building, or into the environment. In the case of a leak into the environment, it is necessary to be familiar with evacuation requirements in order to protect humans from exposure to harmful chemicals. In the event of a fire, smoke and soot significantly affect visibility, which necessitates the evaluation of worst-case scenarios in advance.
So what can we model with CFD?
What if there is a fire or explosion inside a building or hazardous materials leak? If a fire breaks out indoors the spread of smoke can be modelled and resultant visibility problems identified. A working evacuation plan can be drawn up based on this information.
Different kinds of explosions and subsequent shock waves, heat, and radiation levels can also be modelled. Knowing what chemical is used in a process, for instance, is enough to evaluate the effect of an explosion on surrounding buildings. This information can be used to dimension structures to be sufficiently durable or to reduce pressure waves as much as possible.
When hazardous emissions occur indoors it is essential to contain it is as quickly as possible. If the location of an emission source is known, modelling can reveal how ventilation can prevent dangerous situations from occurring or how the emission can be contained within the building.
The severity of the harmful effects of a leak or spill on the environment is dependent on the landscape, wind and, in some cases, humidity. These factors can all be taken into account in a CFD model. Once the geometry of a production facility and its surroundings is known, different situations incorporating, for example, changing wind speeds and directions can be modelled. This information can be used to locate buildings optimally to prevent pollution or reduce its harmful effects. If there are several potentially hazardous sources they can be studied individually or in combination for a worst-case scenario situation.
How then can health, costs and operational reliability be taken into account?
With the help of modelling, threshold values can be calculated for the authorities. Almost all chemicals and particles have known threshold limits that allow the evaluation of health and other effects on persons exposed to such materials. It is crucial to have accurate information about the concentration of particles and chemicals so that clearance distances and other preventative measures can be taken.
The time of exposure is sometimes also significant in the amount of damage caused. It is, therefore, important to be able to evaluate the duration of different events. Some alarm systems measure both concentration levels and the time of exposure. The alarms are triggered when threshold limits are exceeded, leading to production downtime. It is, therefore, important when designing a production facility that potentially dangerous situations are studied and, based on the information gathered, to locate production lines and storage tanks so that domino effects that can be of even greater danger are prevented. The information should be used to design alarm systems so that they function safely, but also to avoid unnecessary alarms that cause production downtime. An unnecessary alarm can, for instance, be triggered due to sensors that are badly located.
With modelling we can predict risks and plan accordingly to save human lives, increase well-being at work and boost productivity should an accident occur. We cannot mitigate all risk, but thorough preparation with the help of an expert can go a long way to ensuring long-term cost savings and the safety of human lives, property and the environment.
Author: Heidi Niskanen | <urn:uuid:c0b1b00d-ccb4-4043-815b-03efaa8781e0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.elomatic.com/en/elomatic/expert-articles/simulate-to-prepare-for-a-rainy-day.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647475.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320130952-20180320150952-00205.warc.gz | en | 0.927801 | 795 | 3.609375 | 4 |
No Good Evidence on Accuracy of Coronavirus Antibody Tests: Study
WEDNESDAY, July 1, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Do you wonder if you've been exposed to the new coronavirus in the recent past?
Good luck finding out for sure: A new review finds there's little good evidence of the accuracy of blood antibody tests for COVID-19, especially those performed outside a lab.
The new findings "indicate important weaknesses in the evidence on COVID-19 serological [blood] tests, particularly those being marketed as point-of-care tests," said researcher Mayara Lisboa Bastos, of McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, and colleagues.
And, the researchers believe that point-of-care tests -- performed directly with a patient outside of a laboratory -- are especially inaccurate at telling people whether or not they've been infected with coronavirus. Bastos and colleagues said that such tests should no longer be used.
In order to determine the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 antibody screening, the investigators reviewed 40 studies that assessed the sensitivity and/or specificity of a variety of such tests.
Test sensitivity is the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate), whereas test specificity is the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).
Of the 40 studies, 70% were from China and the others were from the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain, Sweden, Japan and Germany. Half of the studies were not peer-reviewed and most had problems in study design that might have influenced results, the researchers said.
Only four studies included outpatients and only two evaluated tests given at the point of care.
When results for sensitivity (how often a positive test result got it right) in each study were pooled together, they ranged from 66% to 97.8%, depending on the type of test method used. That means that anywhere from 2.2% to 34% of patients with a current or prior infection would be missed.
Results for specificity (how often a negative test result was wrong) ranged from 96.6% to 99.7%, depending on the test method used. That means that anywhere from 3.4% to 0.3% of patients would be wrongly identified as having been infected with coronavirus, when in fact they were negative.
Sensitivity results were consistently lower for the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test compared with other test methods. The LFIA test is the potential point-of-care method that is being considered for so-called "immunity passports" that would allow people to return to work, for example
If an LFIA test is used in a population with a COVID-19 rate of 10%, for every 1,000 people tested, 31 who never had been infected with the coronavirus will be incorrectly told that they are immune, and 34 people who had been infected will be incorrectly told that they were never infected, the researchers said.
Sensitivity results were lower with commercial test kits (65%) than with non-commercial kits (88.2%), the study found. Sensitivity also tended to be lower for tests conducted in the first and second week after the start of symptoms, compared with after the second week.
The review was published online July 1 in the BMJ.
One big problem is the paucity of high-caliber studies into the accuracy of COVID-19 blood antibody tests, the study authors stressed in a journal news release.
"This review underscores the need for high-quality clinical studies to evaluate these tools," the team concluded. "With international collaboration, such studies could be rapidly conducted."
Dr. Amesh Adalja is an infectious disease physician and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, in Baltimore. Reading over the new findings, he agreed that "while there is much interest in serological tests, it is important that we realize that there are many test kits out there that do not have adequate operating characteristics for reliability."
The new review "underscores the need to standardize how these tests are interpreted, what are the acceptable sensitivity and specificity parameters, and how test results can be operationalized," Adalja said.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on COVID-19 antibody testing.
SOURCES: Amesh Adalja,MD, senior scholar, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, Md.; BMJ, news release, July 1, 2020 | <urn:uuid:b908579e-299a-4bf5-864a-6586a3821f15> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://www.healthlibrary.inspirahealthnetwork.org/RelatedItems/6,759081 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400193391.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920031425-20200920061425-00344.warc.gz | en | 0.964468 | 943 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Pacific Southwest, Region 9
Serving: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Pacific Islands, Tribal Nations
Cities Fight Climate Change
When it comes to reducing greenhouse gases and fighting global climate change, local governments can have a large impact through projects that improve energy efficiency in buildings and reduce community power usage, reduce transportation needs, increase recycling rates and recover methane from landfills.
EPA’s Pacific Southwest Office helps local communities to reduce carbon by integrating greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions into their operations.
Some communities in the Pacific Southwest are currently receiving assistance from the EPA Pacific Southwest Office. (Read more about the communities receiving assistance.) The City of Chula Vista, California is developing a food scrap composting program and EPA is providing the city with case studies of similar successful programs, research on odor management and plastics contamination, a peer review of the program proposal and help with grants and funding for GHG emissions reductions. EPA and Chula Vista will continue to work together as the new program is implemented and results are measured.
EPA is able to provide each participating community with access to many federal resources including technical expertise, opportunities to network with similar local projects, simplified access to federal assistance programs, and national and local recognition for progress in reducing greenhouse gases.
EPA can assist communities with many GHG reduction strategies including:
- Enacting ordinances requiring green buildings and encouraging home energy audits and retrofits to save energy costs while saving carbon emissions
- Recycling or composting wastes and reusing materials
- Switching to renewable energy for residents and business, and using degraded lands for new renewable energy facilities
- Planning for smart land use to reduce vehicle miles traveled and greening vehicle fleets
- Improving energy efficiency at wastewater treatment plants
All of these methods both significantly reduce a community’s carbon footprint as well as save money for local governments and their residents. EPA recognizes that GHG reductions on the community level are a key component in bringing about a sustainable future and fighting climate change, and is working to make sure that opportunities for federal assistance are fully utilized to help communities achieve their climate action goals.
|Pacific Southwest NewsroomPacific Southwest Programs||Grants & FundingUS-Mexico Border||News & EventsCareers||About EPA Region 9 (Pacific Southwest)A-Z Index| | <urn:uuid:4a534ffc-28a9-4244-88a7-ff2bfd27003f> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.epa.gov/region09/newsletter/oct2010/cities.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246654467.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045734-00016-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925583 | 467 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Post COVID-19 many organisations are focused on cost reduction, remote operations and improved efficiencies, while ensuring greater business resilience to future events both economic and environmental. The current reality has created rapid change to the way people work, which has resulted in increased instances of fraudulent activity and cyber attacks.
Cyber security is an OHS problem
Cyber attacks in the oil and gas industry can threaten an organisation’s information technology (IT), its operational technology (OT) and any internet of things (IoT) systems in place. A breach in industrial control systems could cause a serious occupational health and safety event, which in an industry focused on creating zero harm work environments, could cause serious harm to an individual and an organisation’s ability to operate.
Often cyber security awareness training is isolated to office-based staff, however the oil and gas industry has a hugely diverse workforce, with employees working in roles from truck drivers to engineers to finance officers, and working in very different environments from offices, to mine sites to offshore rigs. Despite the variety of roles and locations, the cyber security threat is there for every individual, so every employee needs cyber security training. Rolling the cyber security awareness into the occupational health and safety awareness will allow all staff to become aware of the implications of a cyber attack, what they need to do to help prevent such an attack, and in the case of such an event how to respond to ensure safety and security.
Information protection: both a business imperative and a legal requirement
Cyber attacks can lead to information losses and operational outages – challenges which also have further implications for an organisation’s governance obligations. The Privacy Act requires organisations to report any data breaches if the information leaked could cause serious harm to an individual. Loss of commercially sensitive information, such as past purchases, mining locations and iron ore pricing, could lead to competitive advantages if in the hands of the wrong people.
Building resilience in an era of change and emerging threats
Ensuring there are plans, mechanisms and technologies in place to cover all aspects of the business is critical. Often cyber security is seen as an IT department function. However, a cyber security event can impact the people, the processes and the technology of a business and cause widespread outages. Including cyber security protection in operational and business resilience plans is essential as it’s a whole of business problem.
The sector is facing a series of challenges in implementing proper cyber security protocols, including:
- it's not considered a core business function
- unsure of what the cyber and risk threat is
- identifying new risks introduced through remote working
- updating legacy systems
- proper training for response to attacks.
What to protect
Organisations need to identify the critical elements that need to be protected, not just assets, but what information and data should be tightly protected as well.
- Asset visability and threat profiling – before an organisation can adequately protect itself, it needs to have a complete understanding of its current assets, and the threats they are faced with.
- Red teaming and security testing – organisations should perform real world attack simulations. These simulations should involve performing the same activities malicious attackers would perform to test the operating effectiveness of controls in a safe environment. Simulations can range from pure technical testing, through to those that include social engineering and physical access testing.
How to protect
- Security maturity assessment
Organisations should assess their security maturity and posture against relevant industry leading frameworks, including Australian Energy Market Operator’s Australian Energy Sector Cyber Security Framework and National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Cyber Security Framework so that a clear understanding of the control effectiveness can be established. Develop recommendations for improvement and use benchmark maturity against other comparable organisations to define target state.
- Cyber strategy and governance
Develop strategies and governance processes to the business increase its security posture.
The KPMG approach
KPMG provides a range of services that span the complete range of considerations for an effective approach to cyber security. Strategic partnerships with world class providers ensure our clients have access to the latest technologies and thinking to support robust, and fit for purpose cyber security controls. In addition to our partnerships, KPMG has developed global solutions providing rapid deployment to meet critical needs.
At KPMG, we understand that businesses cannot be held back by cyber risk. Our professionals recognise that cyber security is about risk management – not risk elimination.
No matter where you are on the cyber security journey, we can help you reach the destination: a place of confidence that you can operate without crippling disruption from a cyber security event. We work with you to provide cyber security services for:
And we don’t just recommend solutions – we also help implement them. Besides helping you set the strategy, we also have deep technical skills in penetration testing, privacy, data security, business resilience and access management to help you every step of the way from concept to delivery.
Learn more about KPMG's Cyber Security Services and capabilities.
Get in touch
Find out more
Save, Curate and Share
Save what resonates, curate a library of information, and share content with your network of contacts. | <urn:uuid:5b8b1273-b21f-4e3f-ac22-2002b4f4c997> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://kpmg.com/au/en/home/insights/2020/10/cyber-security-oil-gas-sector.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.939018 | 1,051 | 2.625 | 3 |
> Introduction To Internet Terms
Introduction To Internet Terms
Reprinted from Roadmaster Directory
A Free Roadmaster's webmaster Free Article Resource.
The Internet brings with it a whole language of its own. This report explains the meaning of the terms most commonly used. Many of these definitions rely on other terms for their explanations, so terms defined elsewhere in this report are in italics.
There are a lot of terms here, and some can be a bit technical. If you don't understand them at first reading, keep this report handy as you start using the Internet. As you gain experience, the terms will begin to make sense.
Autoresponder: An email robot that sends replies automatically, without human intervention. For example, if you had a page of marketing information, you could ask prospects to send email to "[email protected]," the address of your autoresponder. The autoresponder will automatically email the person your information document. Many autoresponders will, at the same time, send an email to you, listing the requester's address and the document they requested. This is an important tool for conducting online commerce.
Backbone: The primary WAN of the Internet.
Browser: A program that allows you to access and read hypertext documents on the World Wide Web.
CGI Scripts: Programs that perform certain functions in connection with your HTML documents. For example, a common CGI script is a counter, which keeps track of the number of people who access your home page. Many CGI scripts are available for free use on the World Wide Web. Always check with your webmaster before using a new CGI script.
Download: Transferring a file from another computer to your own.
Email: Electronic mail, a message sent to another Internet user across the Internet. An email address looks like this: [email protected], whereas, "jimsmith" is your user name, your unique identifier; "@" stands for "at"; "schma.com" is the name of your Internet Service Provider. The most common email names of Internet Service Providers are "aol.com" (America Online users), "compuserve.com" (Compuserve users), "prodigy.com" (Prodigy users), and "ix.netcom.com" (Netcom users).
FTP: File Transfer Protocol. This is the Internet communication method that allows the transfer of a file from one computer to another.
Gateway: See Internet Service Provider.
Gopher: An Internet tool that searches and retrieves specific documents based on your specifications.
Helpers: Programs that work together with your browser. For example, if you download an audio file, a separate audio player (such as the Media Player that comes with Windows) is needed in order to play the audio file.
Home Page: Your primary HTML page, the first page anyone would see in your website.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. The primary "language" that World Wide Web documents are created in. HTML documents can, with practice, be created fairly easily from scratch in a simple word processor, such as the Windows Notepad, or with the aid of specialized programs created for such a purpose. Many advanced word processors, like Microsoft Word and WordPerfect, have "add-ons" which will translate a typed document into HTML.
Hypertext: A hypertext document has references to other documents sprinkled throughout. If you click on one of these references, you are transferred to an entirely different document. For example, if this report was a hypertext document, you could click on any italicized word, and you'd instantly be transported to the definition of that word.
Internet Service Provider (ISP): The company you call from your computer to gain access to the Internet.
IRC: Internet Relay Chat. A section of the Internet that lets users enter a "room" and communicate with others in the room via the keyboard.
Java: A new programming language developed by Sun Microsystems for developing software applications that work over the Internet. Java is, at the time of this writing, only starting to gain popularity, with its greater capacity for animation and graphically interesting effects. Java requires a browser compatible with Java.
Local Area Network (LAN): Computers linked together in a central location, such as a business or government organization.
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. Allows an email message to contain non-text data, such as audio and video files. | <urn:uuid:f4175876-e3cf-4508-b57a-790a23c2b161> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | http://directory.roadmaster.com.sg/reprint/introduction-to-internet-terms.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988696.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210505203909-20210505233909-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.887409 | 935 | 3.296875 | 3 |
I will do a one-person parade walk to help others feel connected and show them that they are not alone.
Impact of the Promise
Social isolation among older adults is a “serious public health concern” because of their heightened risk of cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurocognitive, and mental health problems. With the elderly ordered to remain home, have groceries and vital medications delivered, and avoid social contact with family and friends, urgent action is needed to mitigate potential mental and physical health consequences.
Self-isolation will disproportionately affect elderly individuals whose only social contact is outside the home, such as at community centers and places of worship. Those who do not have close family or friends and rely on the support of voluntary services or social care, could be placed at additional risk, along with those who are already lonely, isolated, or secluded.
Across the country, suicide rates have been on the rise, and that rise has struck the nation’s seniors particularly hard. Of the more than 47,000 suicides that took place in 2017, those 65 and older accounted for more than 8,500 of them, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Men who are 65 and older face the highest risk of suicide, while adults 85 and older, regardless of gender, are the second most likely age group to die from suicide. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there were 47.8 million people over the age of 65 in the U.S. as of 2015. By 2060, that number is projected to reach 98.2 million.
- Write an inspirational message on a piece poster board or piece of cardboard paper.
- Use a large font so that the sign is easily readable from a distance (of 6 feet or more).
- Make sure you can walk safely.
- Find high traffic areas where your message will have impact (such as a senior living facility near you).
- Use materials you have on hand, like cardboard and markers, instead of buying new supplies.
- Bring portable music to add to the festive feeling. Play something upbeat.
- Don’t go with family members or friends. Set a good example. ONE PERSON ONLY.
- Don’t get closer than 8 feet to other people.
- Don’t pet cute dogs; they may be carriers (unknowingly on their fur).
- Don’t make this an excuse to take an unnecessary trip to the store for supplies.
- Don’t impede traffic or go in the road!
- Don’t walk in dangerous areas. Don’t forget about safety.
Parade for Hospital Staff: Pizza for Heroes
Complete a One-Person Parade by Monday, April 6th at 11:59pm and we will deliver a pizza to hospital staff to show them that the world is rooting for them! Prove that you completed you did a One-Person Parade by filling out the form below. We will send up to 1,000 pizzas to hospitals!
Did you complete a One-Person Parade?
If you have completed your One Person Parade, tell us about it!
Resources: “Loneliness as a Public Health Issue: The Impact of Loneliness on Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults” https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302427 | <urn:uuid:7012887b-b4f2-4630-b718-0af978c1356f> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://becauseisaidiwould.org/onepersonparade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948708.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327220742-20230328010742-00164.warc.gz | en | 0.9363 | 716 | 2.703125 | 3 |
To maintain a sense of domestic decorum while on the road was a challenge. While Eliza McAuley has a good experience camping for the first time, Polly Coon's group is very much inconvenienced by it but is determined to make the most of the situation. Eliza McAuley also describes the curiosity of those not making their way West -- a "local" comes to look at McAuley and her companions as though they were an exhibit of some sort.
Frequently, a cow, if not a herd of cattle was taken along with the family. A cow provided milk and cream and women continued their chore of making butter and cheese during the journey. A churn may have been to large an object to include in the wagon inventory and, in any case, trying to churn while riding in a cramped wagon cannot have been easy. One way of accomplishing the job was to hang a pail of cream on the wagon and let the rocking motion churn the butter.
At night, the campfire would be covered to preserve live coals for starting the fire again in the morning. Matches were an expense to be avoided if possible. It was not uncommon the take a bowl and "borrow fire" from a neighbor if a family were unlucky enough to have their fire go out.
"The travelers carried their own bedding. In the summer it was an easy matter to spread a blanket on the ground and make a simple but hard bed there. On colder nights they often stopped near some settler's haystack and let the oxen eat hay while they made a mattress of 'prairie feathers.' This famous bed was made by spreading a thick layer of hay on the ground, placing two blankets over it and covering the blankets with another thick layer of hay. The traveler then took off his overcoat, for use as a pillow, and, fully clothed, wiggled down between the two blankets" (245-246) Polly Coon describes her experience with bedding down on the prairie.
Many of our narrators refer to a desire to keep Sunday as a day of rest even if they were not able to halt their Westward procession for a whole day. It was necessary, however, to stop occasionally for such chores as clothes washing, cooking for the next few days, repairs to the wagon, and care of the livestock. Eliza McAuley mentions stopping for such a day.
"Monday, April 12, 1852. Tonight we pitch our camp for the first time. Our campground is a beautiful little prairie, covered with grass and we feel quite at home and very independent."
"Camped this evening on the bank of a little stream. While we were eating supper a lady who lives close by came to see, as she said, how campers did."
"Sunday, May 30th. There is a very large camp here and most of them are remaining for the day."
Eliza Ann McAuley
"it is not so cold but what we live in our tent very comfortable. they say they have seen as cold as we shall see."
Martha S. Read
"we struck our camp for the first time, & found that we had truly left all comfort behind at least as far as the weather is concerned. But all are in health & spirits seeming determined to manufacture as much comfort as possible from what material we have."
"11th [May] Traveled near about 16 miles & camped again on a large Prarie [sic] near a beautiful spring which we consider a great treat After getting our tents pitched & supper nearly in readiness a heavy thunder shower struck us & we were nearly drenched but succeeded in keeping our beds tolerable dry."
Polly Lavinia Coon | <urn:uuid:73e104b2-c303-45dc-add5-ae650179129a> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/domwest/camp.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277807.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00122-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984656 | 767 | 2.8125 | 3 |
classification of savannas...longer. An alternative subdivision recognizes savanna woodland, with trees and shrubs forming a light canopy; tree savanna, with scattered trees and shrubs; shrub savanna, with scattered shrubs; and grass savanna, from which trees and shrubs are generally absent. Other classifications have also been suggested.
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review. | <urn:uuid:6886eb92-b4be-40e8-a107-24523523c399> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/242157/grass-savanna | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862207.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00144-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946941 | 108 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Central banks are charged with protecting the purchasing power of their currencies. This means keeping consumer prices, as measured by the relevant price indices, at a low – affordable – level. In fact, keeping inflation at bay is the primary purpose of the European Central Bank, as laid down in the European Treaties. That is, the European Central Bank's (ECB) mandate is constitutionally defined. However, the overall price-level (as measured, in the case of the euro area, by the Harmonized Consumer Price Index, HCPI) rose abruptly and very substantially, since 2020. It is currently running at almost 9 percent. Of course, this is to a substantial degree the upshot of developments in energy and commodity markets. But even after excluding the volatile components, core inflation is above 4 percent, very substantially beyond the ECB’s objective of 2 percent. This comes with serious consequences, differing across euro area member states as well as between household income categories. Those at the lower end are particularly affected by cost-of-living crises.
Examples of questions this seminar will address are: What are the most effective ways to regain stability in purchasing power of households? Why is there a need to safeguard central bank credibility? What should the ECB do to prevent, in the current context, inflation from derailing?
The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies (CES) is honored to host Joachim Nagel to talk about the issues and questions above. Prior to his role at the Deutsche Bundesbank, Nagel served in several senior roles: Member of the Executive Board of the Bank for International Settlements, the Member of the Board of Management of KfW, a major international development bank – and before that he was on the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank. | <urn:uuid:d75fa5a0-37ae-4a0a-8a75-59fab2e3cc62> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/events/2022/10/the-european-central-banks-mandate-joachim-nagel-ces-harvard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710712.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129232448-20221130022448-00524.warc.gz | en | 0.962761 | 363 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Physics has reduced fear and increased safety for society, largely by extending the power to see. The methods used are magnetic resonance, ionising radiation and sound, with their extensions. This textbook expounds the fundamental physics of these. It follows how they are applied by moderntechnology to "seeing" in clinical medicine including therapy and in other spheres of human activity such as archaeology, geophysics, security and navigation. By taking a broad view over the whole field, the book encourages comparisons, underlines the importance of public education and reaches freshconclusions of some political importance concerning safety. This textbook has developed from a course given to third year students at Oxford and is written so that it can be used coherently as a basis for shorter courses by omitting certain chapters. | <urn:uuid:c9125f78-9f4d-485f-982a-b13cf4f80397> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/fundamental-physics-for-probing-and/9780199203895-item.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956577 | 157 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Office of Women's Health
Sexual Assault Services Program (SASP)
What is the Sexual Assault Services Program (SASP)?
The Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) receives funds through the Office of Violence Against Women to primarily provide counseling and court accompaniment services in rural counties. The target population includes adult, youth, and child victims of sexual assault, family and household members of such victims, and those collaterally affected by the victimization, except for the perpetrator. Collaterally affected (secondary victims) are children, siblings, spouses or intimate partners, grandparents, other affected relatives, friends and neighbors. Secondary victims do not need to be connected with a primary victim who is receiving services. The goals of these efforts are: 1) to increase direct sexual assault services to underserved individuals, 2) to assist with the maintenance and expansion of rape crisis centers and other relevant programs dedicated to assisting those victimized by sexual assault, and 3) to build enhance capacity to effectively address direct sexual violence services in communities.
Why is this program needed?
Rape/sexual violence is one of life's most devastating traumas and is likely to lead to chronic illness. Victims/survivors of sexual violence often manifest long-term symptoms of chronic headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbance, recurrent nausea, decreased appetite, eating disorders, menstrual pain, sexual dysfunction, and suicide attempts.
- Nearly 1 in 5 women (18.3%) and 1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United States have been raped at some time in their lives, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration.
- More than half (51.1%) of female victims of rape reported being raped by an intimate partner and 40.8% by an acquaintance.
- An estimated 13% of women and 6% of men have experienced sexual coercion in their lifetime (i.e., unwanted sexual penetration after being pressured in a nonphysical way), and 27.2% of women and 11.7% of men have experienced unwanted sexual contact.
- Most female victims of completed rape (79.6%) experienced their first rape before the age of 25, 42.2% experienced their first completed rape before the age of 18 years.
- More than one-quarter of male victims of completed rape (27.8%) experienced their first rape when they were 10 years of age or younger.
Citation: The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Summary Report is a publication of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In 2011, the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) maintained three contracts to offer services in rural communities of Maricopa, Yavapai, Pima and Santa Cruz counties. These contracts have funded outreach, hotlines, and counseling services. The underserved populations served by the contractors include monolingual Spanish speaking individuals. In addition, in rural Pima County the contractor has been able to outreach and provide services to disabled individuals, offer bilingual hotline services, expand their capacity to serve more clients and conduct a weekly non-therapeutic drop-in support group, the Cafecito. This weekly group is held for the purpose of helping victims/survivors break their isolation and learn about self-esteem and coping skills. In rural areas of Pima, Yavapai and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona has been able to maintain accessible and effective crisis intervention, court accompaniment and advocacy to primary and secondary victims of sexual assault. In 2011, a total of 315 victims/survivors and 36 collaterally affected received services. | <urn:uuid:bf363467-9947-41b8-a140-8f9e9bf0236c> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://azdhs.gov/phs/owch/women/SASP.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769990.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00131-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952043 | 746 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Leo Marmol and Ron Radziner are at the forefront of the prefab movement.
Leo Marmol and Ron Radziner are at the forefront of the prefab movement.In 1931, the "Aluminaire House" was assembled out of light steel and aluminum in a mere ten days for an exhibit in New York. The three-story structure was a prototype for low-cost, mass-produced housing, and was one of the first representations of modernism in the United States. Visitors swarmed. Because it was so easy to construct, one reporter called it "the Zipper House," another "the Magic House." Despite its warm reception, the Aluminaire House was never reproduced. "The history of prefab endeavors for residential projects has been one of failure," explains architect Leo Marmol.Late last year the "Desert House" was assembled without fanfare in Desert Hot Springs, California. It was created by Marmol, 45, and Ron Radziner, 46-partners in the architecture firm Marmol Radziner and Associates-as the realization of a prize-winning design for low-cost housing, and as a weekend house for Marmol and his wife. The two architects are committed to integrating buildings with the natural environment and preserving wildness from the creeping threat of asphalt. They are passionate without preaching; they speak plainly and humbly about the basic human need for affordable, well-designed housing. Recently, they created Marmol Radziner Prefab-a spin-off of their firm, which is known for its meticulous restorations of classic modern houses in Los Angeles-to design, manufacture, and build their creation.
|The history of prefab endeavors for residential projects has been one of failure.| | <urn:uuid:cf3ae4b2-0913-4cda-ae20-43e7f24d26e1> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.good.is/articles/two-men-and-a-factory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988696.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210505203909-20210505233909-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.965546 | 360 | 2.75 | 3 |
Education September 6, 2019
Key topics in economics made accessible for students with hearing & vision disabilities
The National Council for Educational Research and Training and Raised Lines Foundation, IIT Delhi have partnered to develop a thorough package for teachers on key topics in Economics for students with vision and hearing disabilities in classes 11 and 12.
Lack of accessible textbooks and other learning materials in subjects like science, technology, engineering and math is a major barrier that students who are blind and low vision face in India. This is a barrier that Raised Lines Foundation (RLF), Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is working towards bridging.
In another crucial step in this direction, RLF has collaborated with the National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to develop a comprehensive package on key topics in Economics as well. This is for teachers teaching classes 11 and 12 as well as students. The package is accessible for teachers and students with vision and hearing disabilities in inclusive school settings.
We have been working with the NCERT on various books for Science and Math. Usually we design for children, but this package is for teachers with vision and hearing disabilities as well as for students who are blind and hard of hearing. The main challenge we faced was to design a package that could be adapted for both disabilities. – Lipika, Design Lead, Raised Line Foundation
The package aims to:
- Facilitate understanding amongst teachers to teach Economics to all senior secondary students, including people with vision and hearing disabilities.
- Create an enabling condition for these students to opt for the subject at the senior secondary stage by building the confidence and competence of teachers with such disabilities.
The package includes videos showing classroom processes and a manual with Braille and tactile diagrams. The experiments are subtitled so that students who are deaf and hard of hearing can understand them as well. “In the videos a few exemplar methodologies like teaching through case study, mini seminar, auctioning out event in actual classrooms have been demonstrated”, adds Lipika. “The manual has a detailed process for using activities and tips for inclusion of students with vision and hearing disabilities”.
The package has been published and will be distributed to schools by the NCERT after collecting the required data. RLF held a workshop with special educators from the National Association for the Blind (NAB), New Delhi, National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (NIVH) in Dehradun, and Xavier’s Resource Centre for the Visually Challenged (XRCVC) in Mumbai for inputs in developing the package.
“This will open doors to more blind students”, believes Prashant Ranjan Verma, General Secretary, NAB. “Lack of availability of books in these subjects affects the education and career prospects of blind students and even blind schools discourage them from taking these up. Creating raised diagrams is is expensive and not many organisations are doing it. This is a step in the right direction”.
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We need your continued support to enable us work towards Changing Attitudes towards Disability. Help us in our attempt to share the voices of people with disabilities that enable them to participate in the society on an equal footing! | <urn:uuid:d1ca8e76-932f-418f-8993-5f07610671b0> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://newzhook.com/story/key-topics-in-economics-made-accessible-for-students-with-hearing-vision-disabilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988858.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508091446-20210508121446-00547.warc.gz | en | 0.949806 | 670 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Making Marriage Work: A History of Marriage and Divorce in the Twentieth-Century United States
In Making Marriage Work, Kristin Celello outlines the evolution of public perceptions and attitudes about marriage and divorce in the United States throughout the twentieth century. Drawing on magazine articles, films and popular books, she specifically looks at the development of the notion that being married requires a great deal of work and that a happy marriage is something worth working toward. In theory, both partners are expected to sacrifice, but in practice it has been women who have borne the brunt of the responsibility—even to the extent that being a wife has been popularly portrayed as a “full time job” rather than a relationship.
Celello begins with the public perception in the 1930s that the divorce rate was out of control. From there, she covers pre- and post-World War II issues of “war marriages” which, experts warned, required a lot of work and attitude adjustments (on behalf of wives, of course) in order to survive. The book also looks at the rise of “expert” marital advice and the astronomical growth of the marriage counseling/couples therapy industry. Celello cites evidence such as articles from The Ladies’ Home Journal column “Can this Marriage be Saved?”—the answer to which is always a resounding yes, as long as the wife is willing to readjust her attitude and expectations—she also traces the development of the feminist movement and its impact on the national discussion about marriage and family. Not only did the media convince people that marriage is something to work on, Celello cleverly illustrates how counselors and psychologists ensured the growth of their professions by promoting the idea that it was impossible to have a successful marriage without extensive advice and professional help.
Celello moves on to look at the 1960s and ‘70s discourse during which some feminists would push for a more egalitarian notion of marriage, while others would wonder why the institution shouldn’t be abolished altogether. This invariably led to religious and other conservative thinkers reinforcing the idea that a woman’s ideal job is as a wife and mother. To that end, dubious studies were cited “proving” that when women failed to make their marriages work, their children suffered irreparable harm. The divorce rate did reach an all-time high in 1978, but Celello asserts that part of the reason for the declining divorce rate over the final two decades was the increased number of couples who opted to cohabitate (or not) rather than marry in the first place.
Careful attention is paid to race and class issues within the greater discussion. Celello points out that while the emphasis has generally been on ensuring that white middle class couples conform to the marriage-as-a-sacred-political-institution model, movements encouraging African Americans and low-income women to view “traditional” marriage as a ticket out of poverty have also presented themselves over the years. She clearly illustrates that while the idea that “marriage is work” has been a given for decades, the nature of that work and the reasons for performing it have morphed several times, reflecting changing cultural values and expectations.
Overall it’s a lively history, and any fans of Stephanie Coontz’s work will likely appreciate it. Those who lean a little less scholarly, but still like to make fun of Dr. Phil, Dr. Laura, and the rest of the good-women-can-and should-keep-a-marriage-alive-forever peddlers will find it pretty accessible and enjoyable too. | <urn:uuid:b9e06120-f86e-45e3-ae04-a5d8b087eedd> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://elevatedifference.com/review/making-marriage-work-history-marriage-and-divorce-twentieth-century-united-states | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203422.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00553-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968543 | 742 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The turquoise waters of the Gulf of Mexico and its brilliant white beaches have seen it all. European explorers were drawn to its shores over 500 years ago. British soldiers invaded the land from the sea in a futile attempt to regain a foothold in North America. Pirates plied these waters. One of the most famous naval battles was fought here, and fishermen, shrimpers, and oystermen continue to toil in the restless sea battling heat and hurricanes to make a living and in turn, helped build the cities that now dot the coast.
The rich maritime history of the Gulf of Mexico makes for a fascinating vacation. Following U.S. Highway 98 that skirts the west coast from Crawfordville, Florida, to Biloxi, Mississippi, you will find many sites and museums that bring this history to life. Let’s explore nine of the most interesting.
St. Marks Lighthouse, Crawfordville, Florida
We’ll begin our journey through the maritime history of the Gulf Coast in Crawfordville, Florida, at the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. The 68,000-acre refuge was established in 1931 to provide a wintering habitat for migratory birds but it also protects four lighthouses that have kept ships from running aground along the coastline. One of those, the St. Marks Lighthouse, is the second-oldest in Florida.
Construction began on the lighthouse in 1829 and was finished in 1831. Since then, it has survived war, over 100 hurricanes, even an attempt by the Confederate army during the Civil War to blow it up to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.
Today, the tower is one of the most photographed along the Gulf Coast. While you can’t climb to the top of the lighthouse, you can get a tour of the keeper’s house every Tuesday and the first Friday and Saturday of each month.
Pro Tips: The best time to visit is September through April when the heat and mosquitoes are gone. Admission to the refuge is $5 per car. The keeper’s house tour is an additional $2 per person. Watch for alligators on your drive in.
Fort Pickens, Pensacola, Florida
For almost 200 years, Fort Pickens has stood watch over Pensacola Bay and the city of Pensacola. Construction on the fort began in 1829 as part of the federal government’s plan to fortify the coast from foreign invaders following the War of 1812.
The massive brick Fort Pickens is located in the Gulf Islands National Seashore and is the largest of four forts in the area. Before the first shot of the Civil War was fired at Fort Sumter, Pickens came close to earning that title when Confederate troops demanded that the Union surrender it. While the confrontation was heated, cooler heads prevailed and the two sides reached an agreement that the Union army could continue to man it as long as they didn’t reinforce it with additional manpower and weapons. The South eventually took it over as the war officially began.
Years later, the fort was used during World War II, after being reinforced with huge cannons and rapid-fire guns to protect against German U-Boats.
USS Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
Known as the “Mighty A,” the USS Alabama is a nine Battlestar-winning battleship that saw fighting in both the North Atlantic and South Pacific during WWII and led the American fleet into Tokyo Bay at the end of the war in 1945. The battleship was destined for the scrap heap following the war, but Alabamians pitched in and in 1960, the Alabama found a new home at the USS Alabama Battleship Memorial Park.
The battleship (BB-60) is open for tours daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Your admission fee includes not only access to the ship but also tours of the World War II submarine, the USS Drum, admission to the aircraft pavilion where many vintage aircraft are displayed, and visits to the many monuments honoring those who served our country.
Pro Tip: There is so much to see that you need to plan a full day to experience it all. Wear comfortable walking shoes. There is an additional $4 parking fee.
GulfQuest National Maritime Museum Of The Gulf Coast, Mobile, Alabama
Housed in a glass building that resembles the bow of a ship, GulfQuest is a maritime museum like no other. Each level of the building represents some aspect of life in the gulf with plenty of interactive exhibits beginning with marine life, then the weather that batters the coast, including a display that lets you experience a hurricane, and finally the maritime history where you can virtually pilot a container ship into Mobile Bay.
Pro Tip: After exploring the museum, step outside and walk down the cobblestone sidewalk of Cooper Riverside Park where you can view the Mobile River and the ship traffic that built the city of Mobile.
Fort Morgan, Alabama
As you stand on the ramparts of historic Fort Morgan where the Mobile River meets the Gulf, you can almost hear the cannons roar, smell the sulfur of gunpowder, and feel the desperation of the Confederate soldiers as they clung to one of the last coastal fortresses in their possession during the Civil War. This is the site of one of the most famous U.S. naval battles, the Battle of Mobile Bay, that occurred in August 1864. During the battle, Union Admiral David Farragut, after watching the sinking of the ironclad Tecumseh, uttered those immortal words, “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!”
And the rest, as they say, is history as the Union took the fort and eventually the last Confederate coastal city, Mobile.
Start your visit by touring the museum that brings not only the battle to life but other aspects of the fort’s history, as well as including the fort’s tour of duty as a World War I and II coastal defense.
Pro Tip: Check out Fort Morgan’s calendar for special events including the annual reenactment of the battle and the eerie Halloween candlelight tour to hear stories of those who died — and continue to live — within the stone walls.
Fort Gaines, Dauphin Island, Alabama
Located on Alabama’s Dauphin Island is historic Fort Gaines. Fort Gaines is another one of the stone forts built along the Gulf Coast immediately following the War of 1812 and along with its sister fort on the opposite side of Mobile Bay, Fort Morgan acted as the city of Mobile’s last defenses against Union troops during the Civil War. Together, both barrier island forts played an important role in the Battle of Mobile Bay.
Your visit to Fort Gaines begins with a look at an authentic wooden keel from a 19th- century shipwreck that washed ashore during a hurricane. On any given day as you walk through the stone archway, you will be greeted by reenactors who will walk you through the fort’s history as well as artisans demonstrating trades from back in the day, including blacksmithing.
If you want to see both Fort Morgan and Fort Gaines, a fun way to cross Mobile Bay is by taking the Mobile Bay Ferry. Either walk on or drive your car aboard for the pleasant 45-minute ride. There is a fee and the ferry shuts down for the winter and when tropical storms or hurricanes are approaching.
Maritime And Seafood Industry Museum, Biloxi, Mississippi
Our exploration of the Gulf Coast’s maritime history continues with a trip to the Maritime and Seafood Industry Museum in Biloxi, Mississippi. The museum brings the history and heritage of the Mississippi coast to life with countless exhibits that explore the shrimp and oystering industry, how marine resources are managed, and even maritime blacksmithing (yes, that is a thing), and more.
To enhance the experience, the museum has added two 65-foot reproductions of Biloxi Schooners to its exhibits. The two-masted sailing ships set sail from the museum giving passengers a unique perspective on the area’s maritime history. Visit the museum website for the latest schedule and prices.
The National Naval Aviation Museum And Fort Barrancas, Pensacola, Florida
The Naval Aviation Museum (NAM) traces the evolution of the Navy’s aviators from their earliest days in 1908 to the present with displays of actual aircraft and spacecraft, films in the Imax theater, and plenty of simulators that will make you want to learn to fly.
Fort Barrancas is another one of the stone forts built to protect the coast from invaders in the 1800s and is maintained by the National Park Service. Both sites are located on the Pensacola Naval Air Station base and unfortunately, as of this writing, for various reasons civilian access to the base is limited until further notice. Please visit the NAM and Fort Barrancas websites for further information and updates.
Florida and a couple of its neighboring Gulf Coast states have a rich maritime history that shouldn’t be overlooked during your vacation planning: | <urn:uuid:9afa8b6e-d42c-466c-9038-c25fd80595d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.travelawaits.com/2687130/best-places-for-gulf-coast-maritime-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710409.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127141808-20221127171808-00434.warc.gz | en | 0.95213 | 1,884 | 2.875 | 3 |
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is technically a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a completely separate body of water.
Points of Interest
Pedros was an old village bell-ringer who was abducted when the island volcano began to erupt.
- No special notes.
- No trivia.
- Appearances of Mediterranean Sea
- Media Mediterranean Sea was Mentioned in
- Location Gallery: Mediterranean Sea
- Images related to Mediterranean Sea
- Fan Art Gallery: Mediterranean Sea
- Marvel Staff members who were born in Mediterranean Sea
Links and References | <urn:uuid:8a46889b-d213-4a5b-98db-8ad68cd6c97e> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://marvel.wikia.com/Mediterranean_Sea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246651873.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045731-00084-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956046 | 162 | 2.703125 | 3 |
SPC to test literacy and numeracy levels in Pacific
On World Literacy Day, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community sent out its second major assessment of literacy and numeracy in four years.
On World Literacy Day, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community is sending out its second major assessment of literacy and numeracy in four years.
Dr Michelle Belisle, who is the director of the Educational Quality and Assessment Programme, says the assessment is in English, French and seven other Pacific languages and targeting children in years four and six.
She says the organisation is looking at how to increase the quality of education, and she told Alex Perrottet she hopes the results show progress since the 2012 assessment.
MICHELLE BELISLE: The results at that time were fairly stark, only three in 10 year four and six children were actually meeting basic competencies in literacy and so there was of course a regional response to say that this is something that we really need to work on. And there's been all kinds of efforts over the past several years in terms of improving literacy with students and numeracy across the region and this year we are embarking on a second round of the PILNA - Pacific Islands Literacy and Numeracy Assessment to get a sense of where we are now. But it's not about the assessment itself as much as what do we do with the results? How do we use the information we find to help students to achieve better in literacy?
ALEX PERROTTET: What are the solutions? I guess you're hinting there at the classroom level in terms of how to get children to keep improving and hitting those competency levels?
MB: Right, so that's sort of where our focus is now and certainly if a person had the answer to that question the world would beat a path to their door, because globally it's an issue that students' literacy levels are not as high as they could be and the importance of being able to read and understand and communicate is just critical to the success in a sustainable economy. Now we have 13 countries in the Pacific region who are participating and somewhere over 50,000 students in about 700 or more schools across the region and that will be happening in the next several weeks and we envisage having the results back and available to the countries in early 2016.
AP: What about the provision of resources. What tends to happen, and particularly in the more remote schools in the Pacific, is that there's certainly goodwill but there's just a lack of resources. It might just be books to read and books that are pitched at the level of the students that require them. Is your organisation or other organisations involved in providing the resources to the schools?
MB: So our organisation in particular isn't involved in resource provision in that sense. We are part of the Pacific community and we provide technical support in the area of education and education quality and assessment. Certainly there are a number of organisations across the region, including non-governmental organisations, including the various ministries, including many of the funding partners who are all working in different parts of the education sector towards all different ways of providing support.
To embed this content on your own webpage, cut and paste the following: | <urn:uuid:2d4a77e7-3bce-4877-9649-afc3595ce040> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/201770123/spc-to-test-literacy-and-numeracy-levels-in-pacific | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886939.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117122304-20180117142304-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.968746 | 657 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Make Green Your Theme
- By Carla Remenschneider
- September 1st, 2016
We have all heard the expression, “If these walls could
talk.” Well, it turns out they can.
And it’s not just walls. Floors, ceilings, windows
and digital displays all have something to say,
thanks to the power of creative interior design
themes. With proper planning and application, a
green theme can be an effective tool for teaching
students about issues related to sustainability and local ecosystems.
What do we mean by a theme? A theme is a unifying interior
design approach that takes its inspiration from a specific topic, such
as nature. The theme is then expressed in multiple ways, including
graphic wall coverings, flooring patterns and digital displays.
For example, at the new West Point Elementary School, located
on the campus of West Point Military Academy, the interior design
theme celebrates the surrounding Hudson River Valley. The five academic
neighborhoods have their own branding based on local wildlife:
deer, raccoons, bears, owls and snakes. The terrazzo flooring
in the main commons mimics the topography of the surrounding
area. In academic corridors, a custom-designed, high impact wall
wainscot gives students the feeling of walking in a grassy meadow.
West Point doesn’t just celebrate nature. Theming elements also
teach students about local history and culture. In the information
commons, a floor-to-ceiling digital display features an interactive
map of the Hudson River Valley. Teachers are able to highlight points
of interest on the map and show how early settlers made their way
through the valley. The display also helps to orient students of military
parents (many of whom travel frequently) to their new home.
The interior design theme at West Point is part of an overall
focus to teach students about their surroundings. Theming supports
and enhances other design strategies, including the using
of cameras to view on-site wildlife and the orientation of building
pathways to lead students to secure outdoor courtyards.
Creating Resilient Themes
The benefit of theming is that it is an effective way to keep sustainability
or other topics top of mind for students and staff. But the
main challenge is identifying a topic that will stand the test of time.
School administrators will change. School curriculum will change.
Occasionally, even a school name will change. So it is important to
develop themes that last. For this reason, themes about nature or science
are ideal. Local history is also a good place to glean inspiration.
After you have identified a theme, make sure your designers focus
on flexible solutions. A vinyl wall covering is easily replaced, a
flooring system is not. If you are establishing a permanent feature,
make it subtle. For example, the terrazzo pattern at West Point is
simple and aesthetically-pleasing. You don’t need to understand its
origins in local topography to appreciate the beauty of the floor.
The adaptability of digital displays makes them an ideal
strategy for unique themes. The same display can teach students
about local ecology, allow them to track the building’s energy use
or simply showcase colorful patterns found in nature.
Making Economical Decisions
Like any design strategy, interior design themes must be evaluated
based on their ROI. The best themes are fully-integrated into the
overall mission of the school and the existing and future curriculum.
Proactive planning is an important part of anticipating the cost of
custom graphics. With modern fabrication methods, manufacturers
can create almost any graphic or image. However, there is a cost premium
for these materials. When planning for theming, make sure
to factor in the extra cost. Also, be selective about where you locate
images and materials. Make a statement in high-traffic spaces like
extended learning areas or commons areas. Using digital displays
will also reduce overall costs, as content is easily modified over time.
Developing an effective interior design theme takes time and
effort, but the results can pay big dividends. If you are looking for
a better way to teach students about sustainability, look no further
than the wall right next to you or the floor underneath your feet.
This article originally appeared in the September 2016 issue of School Planning & Management.
Carla Remenschneider, RID, IIDA, is director of interior design for Fanning Howey, a national leader in the planning and design of learning environments. | <urn:uuid:84dab932-3599-40e5-9f57-84562fff616d> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://webspm.com/articles/2016/09/01/sustainability-design.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211403.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817010303-20180817030303-00502.warc.gz | en | 0.905111 | 974 | 2.875 | 3 |
At least no one ever put up a prominent statue to Hans Asperger, so we are spared the scene where they bring in the crane to drag another historical figure down from his pedestal. But essentially, that is what has just happened to Asperger, the Austrian pediatrician who lent his name to the syndrome that recognized autistic traits in verbally fluent individuals who demonstrate superior intelligence and creativity. As the current issue of the scholarly journal Molecular Autism makes clear in specific detail, Asperger, who lived and worked in wartime Vienna, not only went along with the Nazi project to murder disabled children—in some ways, he facilitated it, putting his expert’s signature on documents that dispatched such children to facilities where they were murdered. The new, novella-length study by the medical historian Herwig Czech answers many of the questions that have dogged Asperger for decades, except for one: why it took so long for the story to come out in full.
Two things have protected Asperger’s reputation up till now. The first was a geographical and language barrier. Asperger, who lived between 1906 and 1980, never published in English, and spent almost no part of his professional life outside of Austria. This mundane fact proved critical. Starting at the conclusion of World War I—when scientists from Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom shut out their German and Austrian peers from Western European conferences, journals, and the like—the German language began to lose its position as a lingua franca of science and research. English started to take over. Moreover, following World War II, there was a taint to virtually all Nazi-era medical scholarship, owing to the disgusting and well-documented ethical breaches associated with some of the research conducted. This unquestionably dampened international discussion of Asperger’s ground-breaking 1944 paper, in which he wrote about four intellectually capable but socially struggling Austrian boys and for the first time described the syndrome that he called “autistic psychopathy.”
For the next four decades, that paper went virtually unnoticed and was minimally cited in the main centers researching autism, which were located in Britain and the United States. It was only in 1981 that the influential British psychiatrist Lorna Wing drew attention to it. Wing was just then beginning to develop the now familiar concept of the autism spectrum, and saw Asperger’s account of autistic psychopathy as an important demonstration of autistic traits in a wider range of individuals than previously documented. Historically, the autism label had been used more narrowly, applied to individuals profoundly challenged in areas like learning, communication, or self-care. For the sake of discussion around the Austrian’s work, she also urged adoption of a less jarring name for it: Asperger’s syndrome.
Thus did the syndrome become famous, but not the man, who died the year before Wing told a wider world about his work, and about whom that wider world knew essentially nothing. In that vacuum, just a few people in the English-speaking world began asking questions.
One of the earliest was Eric Schopler, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina who had been running an innovative education program there for autistic people since 1971. Schopler was an immigrant, having fled Europe as a child with his Jewish family, and among the first English speakers to raise suspicions about Asperger—though he never made a compelling case for them. In the late 1980s, he was openly maligning the quality of Asperger’s work, while making cloaked suggestions that Asperger was, at a minimum, a Nazi sympathizer. Influential among autism experts into the early 2000s, Schopler apparently never made any real effort to substantiate his suspicions. Yet his comments stirred up a cloud of rumors, and others started asking questions.
Following Schopler was the Yale psychologist Fred Volkmar, another major figure in the autism field. In 1993, he was on the committee appointed to investigate whether Asperger’s syndrome merited inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—the main reference book used for coding mental diagnoses. The committee was trying to judge the syndrome’s clinical validity. But Volkmar told me in an interview that he was also concerned about the reputation question, since there was honor attached to being named in the DSM. He made a transatlantic phone call to the only person he knew who had ever met Asperger—Lorna Wing—and asked her point blank whether she knew anything about Asperger being a Nazi. Wing was shocked at the question, and, although she had only met Asperger once, for tea and conversation, she apparently felt compelled to vouch for him. She, too, did not actually have much information, but she knew him to be a religious man, and shared that with Volkmar. As exculpating evidence, it was thin, but there was no known evidence on the other side. In 1994, when a new edition of the DSM appeared, Asperger’s syndrome was listed in it.
A few years later, a second Yale psychologist, Ami Klin—who now leads the Marcus Autism Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine—attempted a more comprehensive investigation, ahead of copublishing an academic book to be titled Asperger Syndrome. Klin went as far as reaching out to various archives and research centers in Germany and Austria, and shared that correspondence with me for my research. “We would like to be able to write that he was a benevolent doctor,” he wrote to one historian. “But we are not sure of that.” The answer that came back from that same historian was ambivalent: Records were hard to come by, and while Asperger certainly worked and survived in a Nazi-dominated professional environment—which should be grounds for caution—he never joined the Nazi party, and there was no evidence implying he’d been personally involved in its immoral enterprise. Klin went with the benefit of the doubt, and published a book whose foreword, written by Asperger’s daughter, described Asperger’s “lifelong interest in and his curiosity about all living creatures,” and his opposition to Nazi determinism.
In 2016, along with my coauthor Caren Zucker, I published a social history of autism that laid out the story of people asking these questions, and the lack of clear answers. But we also explored a corollary development: the growing popularity of a version of Asperger that was the complete opposite of the possible Nazi sympathizer Eric Schopler had been whispering about. This story asserted that Asperger, far from working with Nazis, was secretly working against them, and was actively saving vulnerable children’s lives. This narrative, which proved amazingly durable in the absence of confirmable facts to back it up, was the second thing shielding Asperger’s reputation.
This version of Asperger was built with just a few available data points. Those included comments made about Asperger’s virtue by his children as adults; praise for his character by people who worked with him long after the war years; a line from a talk he once gave concerning challenged children, in which he asserted that “not everything that falls out of line” need be considered “inferior”; and, most critically, Asperger’s own testimony in a 1974 interview, in which he said that he twice had close calls with gestapo.
But making this narrative work also required a certain selective memory. In some early public statements Asperger made, he sounded unmistakably enthusiastic about what was going on in Nazi medicine and genetics. In 1938, months after Austria was welded to Hitler’s Germany, Asperger gave a public talk in which he hailed the new era, and embraced the principle that “the Volk is more important than any single individual”—the central tenet of fascism. Further, he expressed support for the regime’s goal “to prevent the passing on of diseased heredity,” which was how the Nazis justified euthanasia of disabled people.
These statements alone might seem fatal to the hero story, but some argued that Asperger was only saying those things to throw the Gestapo off the scent. This transformation of a Vienna pediatrician into a wily resistance figure—credited by one writer with making “deft chess moves” against the Nazis—was enormously appealing. It gave professionals working in the autism field an inspiring forebear, and was also an attractive characterization for people given the Asperger’s diagnosis, many of whom, since the late 1990s, had been building a kind of pride movement in response to lifetimes of rejection, bullying, and isolation. The Asperger resistance story wasn’t crucial to fighting the condition’s stigma, but it didn’t hurt—it was a nice add-on for those who sometimes spoke of their “Aspie pride.”
I found it appealing too, and in the first draft of my book’s short chapter on Asperger’s past I described the resistance narrative as standing up to “a fair-minded analysis,” in the absence of solid countervailing evidence.
Then, in the spring of 2014, six or so months before my deadline, I got a call from Jeremiah Riemer, the freelance translator I’d asked to check the English translation I was using to quote Asperger’s writing in German. Riemer asked me if I’d ever heard of Herwig Czech—the historian whose work has just appeared in Molecular Autism. It seems my friend, frankly suspicious of the hero narrative (which he said had a great deal to do with being a Jew well acquainted with the history of postwar patterns of Austrian denial of responsibility), had googled around in German, and come across an interview Czech gave to an Austrian newspaper raising questions. I had never heard of Czech, but we were to become well acquainted over the next two years, as he gradually shared with my coauthor and me most of the details that he has now made public in full.
At the start, I found it difficult to accept what he was telling us over email and Skype calls: that Asperger, after examining numerous disabled children, had signed documents recommending their placement in the pseudo-hospital called Am Spiegelgrund, where, his follow-up work showed, they had been murdered. With my coauthor, I flew to Vienna, where Czech laid out the documents, showed us Asperger’s signature, and walked us around the grounds of Am Speigelgrund and into the building where the marked children waited to die—a place that was the more chilling for actually looking like an ordinary ward.
Here, at last, was a researcher who bridged the language barrier, and knew his way around an archive. Czech was able to provide what had been missing before: minute, documentable detail, which made clear that the hero story was a fantasy.
Zucker and I included Czech’s findings on Asperger in our book, but it did not deal a lethal blow to the myth. Out on press tour, we found that most reviewers and interviewers representing general audiences were far more interested in other aspects of autism’s history than the character of one distant Austrian, and unfamiliar with the resistance narrative anyway. Among those more directly connected to autism, we encountered some who were stunned and dismayed, but we also got pushback from people who charged us with sensationalism, fabrication, and Nazi baiting. Quite reasonably, some thought it better to withhold judgement until Czech’s work was peer-reviewed and fully published.
Now that it has been, this does appear to be, at long last, Hans Asperger’s crane moment. But the disgrace of the man’s actions does not negate the value of his clinical insights, nor does it reflect negatively, in the slightest way, on individuals who were at one time given the Asperger’s diagnosis. I say “at one time” because the DSM dropped Asperger’s in 2013, for being clinically problematic in practice. The change shifted most Asperger’s-diagnosed individuals into an updated and broader diagnosis called “autism spectrum disorder.” Since then, most (but not all) of the people I know with the old diagnosis have stopped using it, instead calling themselves, simply, “autistic.” Which, given what we’ve now learned, may be just as well.
We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:8175a58f-75a8-4d14-9f56-860dd125c393> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/why-it-took-so-long-to-expose-hans-aspergers-nazi-ties/558872/?single_page=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221208676.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814062251-20180814082251-00208.warc.gz | en | 0.980425 | 2,662 | 3.125 | 3 |
Many rumors have circulated over the years about the existence of the Holy Grail. Does it really exist and if it does, what exactly is it and does it really hold special powers?
According to Spanish researchers, Magarita Torres, a medieval history teacher at the University of Leóne and historian Jose Manuel Ortega del Rio, the Holy Grail has been identified. They believe it is the chalice that Jesus used to drink wine at the Last Supper. The same chalice that Jesus told his followers represented his blood. This chalice they say, is the one that sits encased in glass in the San Isidro Basilica in León, Spain.
In a newly released book entitled Kings of the Grail written by Torres and del Rio they claim, "The onyx chalice itself is contained within another antique cup known as the Chalice of Doña Urruca, which sits in León's basilica of Saint Isidore.”
They also found two Egyptian parchments “at the University of Al-Azhar in Cairo” that speak of the chalice used by Jesus and appears to back up their claim.
"Those parchments told of how Muslims took the sacred cup from the Christian community in Jerusalem to Cairo.
The historians say it was then passed to Denia, an emir who helped the Egyptians when suffering due to famine. It is believed the chalice then went into the possession of “Christian King Ferdinand I of Castile.” According to Agence France-Presse, this new find was previously known as the goblet of the Infanta Dona Urraca, the king’s daughter. It is believed to be the same cup Pope Benedict used during a mass at the Valencia Cathedral in 2006.
Some people believe it is still at the cathedral but the historians say it has been in San Isidro Basilica since the 11th century. The chalice is believed to have been made between 200 BC and 100 AD. Torres and del Río say that “the first 400 years of the chalice's history remain something of a mystery” and are not sure whether this chalice was used by Christ. However, they still insist that this is the cup Jesus used.
"The only chalice that could be considered the chalice of Christ is that which made the journey to Cairo and then from Cairo to León - and that is this chalice," said Torres.
Over the years, people have speculated about the Holy Grail. For instance in the 12th century, Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Perceval, le Conte du Graal (The Story of the Grail) that it was actually a fruit bowl while Wolfram von Echenback (1170-1220), who was a poet and knight, believed it must be a stone vase. Still others believe the Holy Grail is likely somewhere in Jerusalem and even a cathedral in Genoa, Italy.
It is also believed by some that the famous object was once in the hands of the Knights Templar. And still others like Roger Sherman Loomis, Alfred Nutt, and Jessie Weston believed the idea of the grail was only a Celtic myth. Daniel Scavone, author and history professor at the University of southern Indiana believes the Holy Grail is really the Shroud of Turin.
The idea that the Holy Grail is a golden cup led to the discovery of 200 of them. The cup that Torres and del Rio say is the real Holy Grail is made of gold, agate and onyx.
When news of this find became public, people flocked to the Saint Isidore Basilica’s museum to see it – so many that according to museum operator, Raquel Jaen, the cup was removed because the room where it sat was far too small. He added that there is a plan to find a larger space that can hold such large crowds. | <urn:uuid:c5f7e252-d4a3-4ff4-8e62-6b45bb20e0f6> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.examiner.com/article/holy-grail-found-saint-isidore-basilica-historians-say | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657127503.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011207-00000-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972514 | 820 | 2.75 | 3 |
In my last post, I wrote about the need to make my clickable hypertext links more visible to the reader; yet there is another type of link that is invisible — the type made mentally in the reader’s mind.
I’ve spent the past few days reading about intertextuality:
On its most basic level, intertextuality is the concept of texts’ borrowing of each others’ words and concepts. This could mean as much as an entire ideological concept and as little as a word or phrase. As authors borrow pro-actively from previous texts, their work gains layers of meaning. Also, another feature of intertextuality reveals itself when a text is read in light of another text, in which case all of the assumptions and implications surrounding the other text shed light on and shape the way a text is interpreted.
Intertextuality in Philippians 2:5-11 :
Paul’s letter to the Philippians urges the Philippians to stay faithful by reminding them how Jesus emptied himself. Though not explicitly quoting Genesis, Paul’s listeners would have heard Paul comparing Jesus with Adam (Philippians 2:5-11 vs Genesis 3):
- Adam seized equality with God; Jesus already possessed equality with God, but did not exploit it
- Adam was the form/image of God; Jesus is the form/image of God
- Adam filled himself on the forbidden fruit; Jesus emptied himself
- Adam was disobedient unto death; Jesus was obedient unto to the point of death — even death on a cross ..
Intertextuality: The Fulfillment
This invoking of Genesis is one example of how Paul re-con-textualizes much of the old testament. What is so striking about this is that Paul had formerly been a a Pharasee, zealously devoted to a faith that was expecting a different kind of Messiah.
After Damascus, Paul’s understanding of the Word undergoes a radical transformation; and he dedicates himself to preaching that Jesus is the unexpected fulfillment of familiar scriptures. | <urn:uuid:49a0a38a-f6e0-47c8-9048-f111b989f044> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://connect.openpolitics.com/blog/2011/10/01/intertextuality-is-biblical/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573832.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20190920050858-20190920072858-00394.warc.gz | en | 0.956425 | 420 | 2.609375 | 3 |
- What is past tense in grammar?
- How do you make a sentence in past tense?
- How do you speak in past tense?
- How do you explain past perfect?
- Is were past tense?
- What are the 4 types of past tense?
- What is the example of past form?
- What is an example of past perfect tense?
- What is past tense in English?
- How do you write a sentence in past tense?
- How do you use past simple and past perfect?
- What is the difference between past tense and past perfect tense?
- What is past tense and its examples?
What is past tense in grammar?
The past tense refers to event that have happened in the past.
The basic way to form the past tense in English is to take the present tense of the word and add the suffix -ed.
For example, to turn the verb “walk” into the past tense, add -ed to form “walked.” ..
How do you make a sentence in past tense?
Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tenseLast night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.She kissed me on the cheek.It rained yesterday.Angela watched TV all night.John wanted to go to the museum.
How do you speak in past tense?
The past forms only one tense—you guessed it, the past (I talked). The past participle forms the last three tenses: the present perfect (I have talked), the past perfect (I had talked), and the future perfect (I will have talked). To form the past participle, start with a helping verb such as is, are, was, or has been.
How do you explain past perfect?
The past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
Is were past tense?
Actually, was/were are the past tense form of the verb “to be”. You can easily learn this subject. … If you want to remember easily, you can think of was/were as the past tense form of the auxiliary verbs am, is and are. Generally, “was is used for singular objects and “were” is used for plural objects.
What are the 4 types of past tense?
Each tense has four aspects that talks about the completion of the event or action and based on that, we have four types of past tense verbs:Simple Past Tense.Past Continuous Tense.Past Perfect Tense.Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
What is the example of past form?
For example, with some verbs, the past form and the past participle form are the same (e.g., I played, I had played). With other verbs, the base form, past form, and past participle form are the same (e.g., set, I set, I had set). With others, they are all different (e.g., drink, I drank, I had drunk).
What is an example of past perfect tense?
Some examples of the past perfect tense can be seen in the following sentences: Had met: She had met him before the party. Had left: The plane had left by the time I got to the airport. Had written: I had written the email before he apologized.
What is past tense in English?
In English, the past tense (or preterite) is one of the inflected forms of a verb. The past tense of regular verbs is made by adding -t, -d or -ed to the base form of the verb, while those of irregular verbs are formed in various ways (such as see→saw, go→went, be→was/were).
How do you write a sentence in past tense?
Simple Past UsesI saw a movie yesterday.I didn’t see a play yesterday.Last year, I traveled to Japan.Last year, I didn’t travel to Korea.Did you have dinner last night?She washed her car.He didn’t wash his car.
How do you use past simple and past perfect?
We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they occured. However, when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell what had happened before, we use Past Perfect.
What is the difference between past tense and past perfect tense?
These two tenses are both used to talk about things that happened in the past. However we use past perfect to talk about something that happened before another action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past simple. The past perfect is often used with already, yet, just and even. …
What is past tense and its examples?
Past tense verbs refer to actions or events in the past. … They can be regular verbs that simply end with a “d” or an “ed” or they can be irregular and change their spelling to show the past tense. | <urn:uuid:ffc72b4d-2f26-4205-997d-ba63416f4893> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://undestinonuevo.com/2020/11/22/quick-answer-what-are-examples-of-past-tense/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487637721.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618134943-20210618164943-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.969413 | 1,074 | 3.359375 | 3 |
by Ila Asthana
What causes ear infection in babies and ways and when to call the doctor? Read on to know
New moms can get really concerned when they hear about babies ear infection. However, there is nothing to be worried about, as it is pretty common in the whole world. It can even happen to the same baby more than once. The sooner you detect this problem, the less discomfort you and your little one would experience. It is always useful to pay attention to clear signs and symptoms. For example, your baby will also be grapping and pulling her ears more frequently. Also, you need to be concerned when your little one becomes fussier than usual and faces more sleep difficulties.
Are you hearing this from your little one? ‘Mamma, it hurts and I am unable to bear the pain’ – A relentless unpleasant conversation between the mother and the children. A continuous pain in the ear leading to discomfort and crankiness in the children is a cause of definite worry.
In the scientific terms, an ear infection is an inflammation of the middle ear, generally caused by bacterial or fungal infections. This usually occurs when the fluid increases behind the ear drum. This is scientifically referred as Otitis Media. Children are more prone to ear infections because of the constant interaction with other children and other environmental elements.
If you have a toddler, who doesn’t talk yet, he or she might end up being cranky or your little one might complaint about the persistent pain in the ear. A very simple ear ache could be a visible sign of the ear infection in kids. A sore ear, a problem in consuming food and increase in temperature is also some of the visible signs and symptoms of ear infection in kids. Fussiness, problem in sleeping, trouble in hearing and responding to subtle sounds is a watch out signal for a serious ear infection.
An ear infection is usually caused by bacterial growth in the middle ear. A part where tiny bones transmit sound from the ear drum to the inner ear. The middle ear produces secretions which typically channel back to the throat through the eustachian tube. Sometimes, when the fluid doesn’t drain and creates a damp environment for the bacterial germs to breed. These breeding bacteria or viruses causing the ear infection can lead to massive pain and crankiness in kids.
Sometimes ear infections are hereditary in nature and run in the family. Just like any other ability, the toughness and strength of the ear muscles and how much they open and close and how efficiently they function depends on the genes. At times, the ear infections are also caused by the external congestion of the dust and pollution, leading to the clutter in the eustachian tube and ear infection. A constant exposure to toxic smoke inside and outside the house, milk from a bottle or an interaction with other children in the daycare; all these could also lead to harmful ear infections.
Children of the age from 6 to 18 months are more prone to ear infections. As they grow the anatomy of the ear are angled perfectly with the other organs of the body and the risk of getting an ear infection declines steadily. It is better to consult a doctor immediately the moment ear infection begins. Untreated or ignored ear infections lead to dangerous and life-threatening diseases in children. Remember the only way the pediatrician can find the cause of the ear infection, whether it is bacterial or virus, is through injecting a needle and testing the fluid from the middle ear. Unfortunately, your little one would have to bear a little pain while sucking the fluid out.
The most common treatments of ear infections are pain medication, wait and watch the improvement in the health, warm compress, and antibiotics. It is always said, prevention is better than cure. It is important to develop a proper personal hygiene, doesn’t get exposed to the cigarette smoke or any kind of toxic material. Ensure all the vaccines are given to the child at the right time.
Infographic sponsored by Soundapex
You might also like: | <urn:uuid:e1f877ca-75c6-4a5a-b7f9-cc3d914ff7e5> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://thechampatree.in/2018/04/15/ear-infection-in-babies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668699.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115171915-20191115195915-00385.warc.gz | en | 0.950956 | 819 | 2.796875 | 3 |
By Elizabeth Wang
Northwest Asian Weekly
During the Vietnam War, over 2 million tons of ordnance was dropped into Laos by the United States. Roughly 30 percent of those bombs failed to detonate.The bombs are still dangerous today, injuring and killing people on a regular basis.
Legacies of War, a U.S.-based organization dedicated to raising awareness about the unexploded ordnance, also known as UXO, made its eighth stop of 12 on April 16 in downtown Seattle’s artXchange Gallery as part of its Laos speakers tour.
Two Laotians who were directly affected by UXO were invited to speak about their experiences.
Healing of past wounds
Between 1964 and 1973, the Secret War broke out in Laos. Approximately 580,000 bombing missions occurred unbeknownst to U.S. citizens in support of the Royal Lao government for control of the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a logistical system funnel for manpower and resources leading to the south of Vietnam.
But of the millions of bombs, shells, grenades, and land mines dropped, many remain undetonated and contaminate about one third of the land in Laos. Of the hundreds of people injured or killed by UXO each year, 40 percent are children.
Thuommy Silamphan, 26, was only 8 years old when he lost his hand to a UXO, or bombie as they are referred to in Laos. Digging for bamboo shoots to feed his family, his shovel accidentally struck a bomb just underneath the surface of the mud and Silamphan dropped to the floor in pain.
“I didn’t know anything about the bombies,” Silamphan said. “I was quite young.”
Nearby villagers tried to help him when they heard the screaming. Silamphan spent 28 days in the hospital for treatment, but when he returned home, his left hand had been amputated.
“I didn’t care about anything. I wanted to be alone,” he said. “I wanted to stay at home. I didn’t care about the future.”
Children at school gave him cruel nicknames and Silamphan couldn’t see what he could accomplish with only one hand. He almost gave up hope, even considering suicide.
It was only with the strong support of his family and other survivors that he was able to move on and create a new future for himself. He studied business management at a university in Laos and learned English .
“I knew then that if I wanted to have a good dream, good life, good job, I needed to start,” he said. “And they have inspired me. I have the energy from my family.”
When Silamphan was 10, he received his first prosthetic hand. It helped him do things he could not do before — such as typing and using a computer.
However, Silamphan often hears complaints of how it is difficult or unaffordable to get treatment despite the resources available in Laos.
“In Laos, they try to provide everything for free,” he said. “When I got [my hand], I showed [people] and said, ‘If you get this, it will be easier for you,’ and they understand.”
After working with several non-governmental organizations, Silamphan started his own in September 2011 called the Quality of Life Association.
“I am very happy to be involved with this,” he said. “When I am talking about my own story, I’m very sad and it is very difficult for me. Every time, I need to cope and control myself, but I need to do it. I must do it because this is very important to let people know.”
Hope for the future
Manixia Thor, 24, is the deputy leader of an all-woman, bomb-clearance team in Laos. Fifteen years ago, her uncle lost his left hand to undetonated ordnance. The incident inspired her to join the Mines Advisory Group (MAG) after graduating high school as a clearance and de-mining technician.
In the six years that she has worked as a technician, she has cleared thousands of bombs. But still, she said, the six de-mining teams are only able to clear 2 percent of the bombs.
“Even though the war ended, the remaining impact of that war still exists in Laos,” Thor said. “There are still so many left, millions of leftover bombies that are hurting and injuring children and adults on a daily basis. Every day, this still poses a tremendous danger and it’s a very important job for me.”
Since 1973, there have been 20,000 deaths, she said, as a result of UXO. But thanks to the increased awareness and the efforts of de-mining teams, the number of deaths and injuries has decreased from about 300 to 100 per year.
“Even though we can’t stop all the injuries by removing the bombs, we remove potential bombs and by increasing more teams, we will be able to clear more land,” she said. “This affects the next generation and the future of Laos.”
Asking for more help
According to Silamphan and Thor, funding is currently one of the most limited resources regarding undetonated ordnance. Between 1993 and 2009, funding had totaled $51 million in UXO-related assistance in Laos. However, as a result of advocacy by Legacies of War, funding has increased to $5 million per year, and in 2012, Congress prioritized clean up in Laos and is now funding UXO-related assistance at $9 million each year.
“This is something of the U.S. government’s doing, so to see some sort of push and change toward that would be a tremendous growth for Laos and its economy to be able to move forward and progress,” said Olivia Sengsi, co-founder of the Lao Heritage Foundation.
“Many people ask, ‘Are you angry with them?’ Silamphan said. “And I want to say ‘No,’ because [the U.S.] has greatly helped Laos and with clearance and victim services. Now, I don’t want to go back to the past. Now, I want to know how to serve each individual to have a good life and a good future – and for the future of the Laos people.” (end)
For more information, visit http://legaciesofwar.org.
Elizabeth Wang can be contacted at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:3be3efaa-c5f4-47ac-9add-931a2cb3a70f> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.nwasianweekly.com/2013/04/undetonated-bombs-in-laos-see-seattle-talk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164941653/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134901-00050-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979549 | 1,400 | 2.703125 | 3 |
An exploration of how life has shaped Earth's physical environments, both in the contemporary Earth and over the long course of Earth history. Topics range from evidence for the origin and diversification of life and its impact on Earth environments to the mind-set and methods of the scientists who interpret it, and what those methods tell us about future interactions between life and the environment, both on Earth and in the Solar System.
Average rating: 1.67
Average GPA: 3.03 between 218 students
"W"s are considered to be 0.0 quality points. "Other" grades are not factored into the average GPA calculation. | <urn:uuid:76f7254b-e897-48ba-80dc-d45f13bc8f33> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://planetterp.com/course/GEOL124 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583517376.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023195531-20181023221031-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.940924 | 128 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Every 53 seconds, someone in the United States will suffer a stroke1. Strokes are the third largest cause of death, ranking behind 'diseases of the heart' and all forms of cancer, and is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability around the world. According to studies, there are about 600,000 stroke victims per year in the United States (500,000 of which are new stroke victims), while there are 100,000 new stroke victims per year in the UK2. However, more than 4,400,000 stroke survivors are alive today. Strokes aren't necessarily fatal - many people live full, healthy lives after suffering one. Yet some people are left permanently disabled afterwards, never returning to an optimum level of function. It is important to study the nature of a stroke before examining the after effects it might have on one's body.
What is a Stroke?
A stroke (also called a 'brain attack') is an injury to the brain caused by an obstruction to, or rupture of, its blood supply. Without blood, the brain is robbed of oxygen and nutrients, and without these essential nutrients, brain cells begin to die within four minutes.
There are several types of stroke, each one very different from the other:
An Ischemic stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel to the brain, perhaps due to high cholesterol, arterial blockage or blood clot. This is the more common type of stroke. The two types of ischemic stroke are:
- Thrombosis - A gradual narrowing and eventual blockage of a brain or neck artery.
- Embolism - A blockage of a brain or neck artery by a clot.
- A Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. This may be attributed to genetics and/or age. This type of stroke is more likely to be fatal.
- Transient ischemic attacks or TIAs are a sort of 'mini stroke' which produce stroke-like symptoms but no lasting damage. They are strong predictors of future stroke.
While the effects of these types of strokes on the body may be similar, the causes and treatments of this illness are diverse.
Risk Factors Attributed to Strokes
The risk factors associated with strokes are numerous. These factors include:
- Increasing age (especially over age 60)
- Male sex
- Heredity (family history) and race
- Prior stroke or TIA
- High blood pressure
- Cigarette smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Carotid artery disease
- Heart disease
- High red blood cell count
- Geographic location (due to the types of fatty foods and genetic/racial patterns found in some geographic locations)
- Season and climate (eg, very hot weather)
- Socio-economic factors
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Certain kinds of drug abuse (eg, cocaine, methamphetamines)
- Certain forms of prescription medication (eg, birth control pills)
Usually, one or more of these risk factors may be associated with a greater factor. For example, a person who is diabetic might also be overweight and suffering from heart disease as a result of the diabetes, yet a stroke is a risk in all of those factors.
Factors that initially increase the risk of heart disease, and therefore also increase the risk of stroke, are called secondary factors. These include:
- High blood cholesterol and lipid intake
- High blood pressure
- Physical inactivity
- Cigarette smoking
- Obesity (weighing more than one's ideal body weight)
By alleviating as many of these risk factors as possible and trying to keep overall, general good health, one will greatly decrease one's chances of suffering a stroke.
Women and Strokes
Statistically3, women make up 52% of all stroke fatalities. Over an entire lifetime, about 16% of women will die of a stroke, whereas only 8% of men will die of a stroke. This is probably due to the older age of women at the time of the stroke's occurrence and also due to their longer life expectancy. There has been, unfortunately, little comparative research on women's heart and cardiovascular disease, although it has been shown that women may actually have a greater risk of suffering from these illnesses than men. Pregnancy and the use of some oral contraceptives also increase a woman's chance of suffering a stroke.
Stroke Warning Signs
Some of the classic stroke warning signs are:
Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding spoken words.
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or co-ordination.
Sudden, severe headache with no known cause.
If any of the above signs are temporary and only last a few minutes, one might be suffering from a TIA These usually last about 30 minutes, then disappear with no long-term side affects or lasting damage. However, a person who has suffered one or more TIAs is almost 10 times more likely to have a stroke than someone of the same age and sex who hasn't. A TIA tends to be the precursor to a full-blown stroke.
If anyone is experiencing one or more of these symptoms, they should see a health care provider immediately for treatment.
How a doctor treats a stroke depends on many factors. The type of stroke, age of the patient, severity of the stroke and general overall health of the patient are all factors that might determine the types of treatment the patient requires.
For a hemorrhagic stroke, it is most important to first correct the cause of the hemorrhage, then to protect the brain from further damage. Often times, an aneurysm, or a swelling or ballooning of a section of an artery, can burst, causing a hemorrhage. Hemorrhages and aneurysms can both be treated through a procedure in which a surgeon clamps at its base and then removes the defective blood vessel, replacing it with a graft (a tube made of polyester or Teflon fabric) or a stent graft (a similar tube which is reinforced with wire mesh giving it more strength and structure). Another method of treating hemorrhages and aneurysms is with a technique known as catheter coagulation. Here, the surgeon uses a catheter containing a metal coil, which is then passed through the defective blood vessel, causing it to clot and seal off the hemorrhage on its own. Eventually, the clot may become harmless scar tissue. Aneurysms can also be treated with a radiocoagulation technique. This technique uses external beam radiation in conjunction with a radiation-sensitive clotting agent injected into the blood. A highly focused beam of energy can then be directed to the centre of the aneurysm to minimise injury to surrounding tissues.
Because a hemorrhage may cause blood to pool in the brain, and because the brain is confined in the skull, this pooled blood (known as a hematoma) can sometimes dangerously increase pressure on the brain and damage delicate tissue. Increased pressure can also impair circulation to the uninjured area of your brain, causing further brain damage. Limiting fluids and giving diuretic drugs to minimise temporary swelling of brain tissue will typically correct this. Rarely, surgery is needed to drain clots of pooled blood from within the area of damaged brain tissue.
In the case of an ischemic stroke with thrombosis, a narrowing, or stenosis, of an artery is blocking the flow of blood to the brain. This form of stroke can be treated by dilating the stenosis, or by placing a small metal coil called a stent in the stenosis to keep it open. An operation called a carotid endarterectomy can also help relieve stenosis and blockage by removing plague and debris build-up in the carotid artery.
For an ischemic stroke with embolism, or clot blocking the flow of blood to the brain, the use of aspirin or an anticoagulant (or blood thinner) such as Ticlopidine may be given to prevent future clots, as well as to help establish normal blood flow to the brain. Also, the FDA4 recently approved the use of Tissue Plasminogen Activators (TPA) to treat ischemic strokes and embolisms within the first three hours of occurrence. TPA is one of several new drugs currently being researched with the ability to dissolve the blood clots that are responsible for causing many strokes. More research is being done on this drug to test its effectiveness with stroke patients, especially its ability to decrease the chance of TIAs after a major stroke.
Doctors and surgeons have several tools at their disposal to help in early identification of strokes. For instance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning is most sensitive for detecting an area of brain tissue damaged by an ischemic stroke. Computed Tomography(CT) imaging is most useful for identifying an area in the brain damaged by hemorrhage. An angiogram involves injecting dye through a catheter inserted into a blood vessel suspected of being blocked, aneurysmal, or which may have an arteriovenous malformation. X-rays of these vessels will then show impaired blood flow or blockage, if any.
Early treatment of a stroke greatly increases one's chance for recovery. The longer a stroke victim suffers from interrupted blood flow to the brain, the more brain damage is incurred.
Effects of a Stroke
Anoxia is a condition in which there is an absence of oxygen supply to an organ's tissues, although there is adequate blood flow to the tissue. Hypoxia is a condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen to the tissue in spite of adequate blood flow to the tissue. Anoxia and hypoxia, however, are often used interchangeably without regard to their specific meanings. They may both be used to describe a condition that occurs in the brain when there is a diminished supply of oxygen to brain tissue. Anoxia and hypoxia are the major causes of mental and physical disability suffered by stroke victims.
The effects of a stroke, both mental and physical, depend upon its severity. Some patients may suffer few or no side effects as a result of a stroke. Some patients may have a delayed reaction after suffering one, with symptoms appearing as the recovery process continues. And, as recovery proceeds, a variety of psychological and neurological abnormalities may appear, persist for a time, and then disappear. Mental changes such as dementia or a psychosis may occur. Mental confusion, personality regression, parietal lobe syndromes, amnesia, hallucinations, and memory loss may also take place.
A stroke in the brain's right hemisphere may cause paralysis and loss of vision or sensation only on the left side of the body. There may be difficulty in judging distance, size and rate of movement (spatial relationships). In addition, the stroke victim's behaviour may be quick and impulsive.
Left-brain injury incurs similar paralysis and loss of vision and sensation, but this time on the body's right side. Instead of having trouble with spatial relationships, there may be difficulty in speaking or understanding speech. Behaviour may be slow and cautious.
Recovering from a Stroke
Recovery depends wholly on the intensity of the stroke, the severity of the damage incurred, and the general health of the person in question. While most people see significant rehabilitative progress only six months after a stroke, some people may never fully recover. Physical therapy is essential for some patients in order to regain the strength and muscle control they may have lost because of the stroke. Other patients may need psychological treatment (counselling) to counter the effects of depression, which usually stem from a feeling of isolation experienced by many people upon developing a disability.
Continued patient care also includes regular health check-ups in addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If a stroke patient works to remove certain avoidable risk factors from their lifestyle, the chances of suffering another stroke are greatly diminished.
Not all strokes take place due to an event in the brain. The arteries in the neck may become clogged or narrowed, robbing the brain of its blood supply. A physical examination is a chance for your doctor to check your blood pressure and listen to your heart for signs of valve or rhythm problems. Using a stethoscope to listen to your carotid arteries, your doctor can detect a noise, called a 'bruit', made by turbulent blood flow through a narrowed artery.
Individuals over the age of 60, smokers, and those who have heart disease or high blood cholesterol may benefit from a Doppler Ultrasound Screening (outside the body) that assesses stroke risk by measuring arterial thickness.
If you're in a high risk category, anticoagulation drugs such as aspirin, or surgical procedures such as carotid endarterectomy, shunting and stenting may help to prevent a major stroke.
Strokes may also occur in individuals who suffer from heart disease. Some forms of heart disease, such as heart valve problems, may cause blood clotting which could result in stroke. In this case, a doctor may choose to perform surgery, which may correct the dysfunction and possibly prevent a future stroke. Sometimes, preventing stroke in people with a history or risk of heart disease is as simple as monitoring and regulating their blood pressure.
You can also decrease your chance of suffering a stroke by recognising the various risk factors which apply to you and removing them from your lifestyle, when possible.
In the End...
There are people of all shapes, sizes and ages who have been personally affected by stroke. The chances a person has of suffering a stroke in their lifetime is typically dependent on that person's lifestyle, medical history and willingness to maintain overall, general good health. Many of the risk factors associated with stroke are easily avoidable and can be alleviated with good diet, regular exercise and scheduled check ups with a doctor. For those risk factors that can't be alleviated, such as diabetes, pregnancy or age, check with your physician on ways to maintain and monitor your health with regard to stroke.
By working to enhance your overall health, you are also taking the steps needed to avoid suffering from this potentially debilitating, and fatal, illness. | <urn:uuid:8730ccaa-3cfe-472e-a9b9-f492099cc7c0> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.h2g2.com/edited_entry/A543061 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221208750.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814081835-20180814101835-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.948392 | 2,971 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Solve equations that involve more than two steps to isolate the variable.
This lesson covers solving equations with variables on both sides and using the Distributive Property.
Use the distributive property and combining like terms to solve equations
This video demonstrates a sample use of multi-step equations.
This video provides an explanation of the concept of multi-step equations.
Come up with questions about a topic and learn new vocabulary to determine answers using the table
Predict and connect new information with prior knowledge of a concept. The KWL Chart can be used to brainstorm prior knowledge, generate questions about a given topic, and organize knowledge as well recall what has been read.
To have students generate connections between specific points in the concept’s reading and their own personal experiences using a Double Entry Diary. | <urn:uuid:62af63b3-1f07-4164-b99e-4b0c27514479> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.ck12.org/algebra/Multi-Step-Equations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929978.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00094-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902539 | 163 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Quoting statements in an open account: Truthful or deceptive?
During most interviews the investigator should develop an open, or narrative, account from the subject. It is called an open account because the investigator’s question encourages the subject to relate everything associated with the area of inquiry, and once the subject starts talking, the investigator does not interrupt the account. Examples of questions that elicit an open account include, “Mary, tell me exactly what happened to cause the cut on your hand,” or, “George, tell me everything you did last Friday from the time you got home from work until the time you went to bed.”
There are many aspects of an open account that can be analyzed to assess the credibility of the person making it: Does the account contain an introduction, main event and an epilogue, or does it focus entirely on the main event? Is the account detailed or is it vague? Are the person’s recollections reasonable or selective? Does the logic of the account follow normal human behavior, or does it describe behaviors that do not make sense? However, there is one aspect of an open account that has not been specifically researched and yet is very objective in its identification. This behavior is the inclusion of a quoted statement.
During our training seminars we present the case of a young women who claims to have been abducted at knife point from a parking lot. The following is a transcript of portions of her open account:
- “He ended up on the right side of me and he said, ‘You’re taking me where I want to go’ and I said, ‘No I’m not’ and he said ‘Yes you are’ and he got in the car. (Later in the account) And then he said, ‘You’re not driving fast enough’ and he said, ‘pull over, I want to drive.’ When he got out of the car I was able to drive away.”
The italicized statements are each quotes of statements the victim decided to include in her open account. She certainly could have relayed what happened without including the quoted statements. Therefore, the inclusion of the quotes was purposeful on her part. For this reason the inclusion of quoted statements represents a potential behavior symptom to help detect truth or deception.
In this particular case the abduction account turned out to be fabricated to gain the attention of the woman’s boyfriend. However, a review of other video-taped open accounts reveals instances where verified truthful subjects have also included quoted statements within their narrative account. Consequently, we cannot offer a dogmatic guideline that the inclusion of quotes within a narrative account is indicative of deception. But we can develop a theoretical set of rules to evaluate this potentially valuable behavior symptom.
Before offering these guidelines, it is important that the investigator differentiates between quotes and summaries within an account. The statement, “He pulled my hair and called me a bitch” is not a quote. Rather, this subject is merely offering a summary of a conversation. On the other hand, the statement, “He pulled my hair and said, ‘You are a bitch and I’m going to kill you’” is a quote. The following guidelines only refer to true quotes that are included within a narrative account.
1. The inclusion of quoted statements in a narrative account should cause the investigator to be suspicious of the account. There is a strong tendency of truthful suspects to restrict their accounts to only information they know, for certain, is truthful. Even when recalling an incident that occurred six or twelve hours ago, most people would not accurately recall, word for word, exact statements made during the incident. When thinking back over the event, particular words or phrases may be accurately recalled but it would be unusual to recall an entire sentence. Applying this logic, the narrative statement, “He pointed a knife at me and said that he would kill me if I called the police” is more credible than the following statement: “He pointed a knife at me and I said, ‘What are you going to do?’ He then said, ‘I will kill you if you call the police.” (Notice that the first statement does not contain an actual quotation but rather summarizes the contents of a conversation.)
2. The inclusion of quoted dialogues is more typical of a fabricated account. A subject who is generating a fabricated account must create a credible story line to convince the listener that the event really happened. As the subject constructs the fictitious account the behavioral aspects of the story start to evolve -- What was done, when it was done, where it was done and what statements were made during the incident. Because the account is being spontaneously generated, the statements surface as an imagined dialogue. During our review of video-taped narrative statements, there was no instance of a verified truthful account that contained a quoted dialogue, e.g., “He said (quote) and then I said (quote)”
3. A quote that contains unique or emotional language is more likely truthful. A legitimate rape victim’s open account concluded with the following statement: “I was sitting on the ground and looked up at him. He pointed the gun at my head and said, ‘prepare to meet your maker.’ I just put my head down and cried.” It is reasonable that the victim would remember, word for word, this very emotional statement and, therefore, have the confidence to include it within her account as an exact quote. Similarly, if the quoted phrase represents an unusual or unique phrase, it is more likely that the person would accurately remember it and be comfortable including it within their response, e.g., “The guy rolled down his window and yelled, ‘You flat-landers don’t know how to drive’.”
This circumstance is quite different from quotes that are included in an open account simply to increase the credibility of the account. The following is an example of gratuitous quotes that are included in an account simply to help sell the subject’s version of events: “I told him, ‘If you don’t leave right now I’m calling the police,’ but he continued to walk toward me and I knew what was going to happen. I then said, ‘Please don’t hurt me’.”
4. Qualified quotes should not be interpreted as either truthful or deceptive. The following is an example of a qualified quote: “The man walked right up to me and said something like, ‘give me your money’, or, ’I want your money’.” The qualifying phrase “something like” may indicate that this is a truthful subject who is trying hard to be accurate in his account.
Conversely, a subject who is generating a fictitious account may experience anxiety after including a fabricated quote within the account and, in an effort to reduce this anxiety, qualify the quotation after making it. The following is an example of a deceptive suspect who felt the need to qualify a fabricated quote: “He asked me for the money and I told him that I could get it by Saturday. He got angry and said, ‘I want that money now’, or, ‘I need that money now.’ I can’t remember exactly what he said but that’s when I knew I had to get money somehow.” Under this circumstance, the qualified phrase, “I can’t remember what he said” almost serves as a retraction that the words were ever said at all.
In summary, the inclusion of a quoted statement within an open account may be a valuable behavior symptom that will either support or refute the truthfulness of the account. The guidelines offered in this web tip are based on a general review of open accounts which have been verified as either truthful or deceptive. They are not the result of a controlled study. Investigators are welcome to contact me at: [email protected] to relay their own observations or experiences with interpreting quotations contained within an open account. | <urn:uuid:28589d18-dd76-45db-b10e-bf1ed6908eaa> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.policeone.com/investigations/articles/1659460-Quoting-statements-in-an-open-account-Truthful-or-deceptive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701152987.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193912-00308-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970472 | 1,690 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A geriatric nurse is a skilled trained in the health issues that commonly face the elderly population. This nurse may be employed in retirement homes, active living communities, and senior living communities or be employed by home health organizations. Geriatric nurses must not only understand the health issues facing the elderly but the social and economic challenges with which the elderly commonly struggle. The sense of isolation that some geriatric patients may feel can be as detrimental to overall health as the chronic conditions that accompany aging.
How to Become a Geriatric Nurse
The Geriatric nurse is a registered nurse. Many nurse practitioners also choose geriatrics or adult gerontology as their specialty. The specific program can be known as a different name depending on the nursing school. Adult nursing, adult gerontology, geriatric nurse, geriatric nurse practitioner, and adult nurse practitioner are just a few names to look out for.
The geriatric nurse practitioner is required to have an additional 2 years of advanced practice schooling beyond the four year Bachelor of Science in nursing degree. Compassion is a key requirement for this type of nursing as the patient population are vulnerable to not only physical disorders but depression. While licensed Vocational Nurses can and does work in elder care the certified Geriatric nurse is an RN. The need for geriatric nurses is so great that some facilities do not require certification but for career advancement as well as in order to provide the best care possible, certification in geriatric nursing is highly recommended.
Geriatric Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs
- Successfully complete a 2 or 4 year nursing program earning an Associate or Bachelor degree in Nursing. Many schools are offering more courses in elder care than ever before.
- Acquire 2000 hours of nursing in the geriatrics field in order to qualify for certification as a Geriatric nurse.
- The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) offers certification to nurses working with older patients. In order to become certified, nurses must have two full years practice as a registered nurse, 2,000 hours in gerontological nursing and 30 continuing education hours in the geriatric field. Applicants must also pass an examination covering topics such as aging, communication, lifestyle changes, management and ethics. Successful candidates will receive an Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) designation. The National Gerontological Nursing Association (NGNA) recommends certification for all nurses working with older patients as certified nurses make up more than 50-percent of professionals working in this area.
As with many fields in nursing the shortage of skilled nurses has led to more job opportunities in specialty fields for the new graduate. However, career advancement may depend upon the nurse acquiring an advanced degree such as a Clinical Nursing Degree (Master of Science in Nursing) or Geriatric Certification.
Geriatric Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Generally the Geriatric nurse is an RN with training in treating and caring for elderly patients. These nurses may see their patients in clinics, or retirement homes or through a home health agency providing necessary medical care for independent living. These nurses provide the support required to maintain physical health in their patients and maintain maximum quality of life.
Geriatric nurses in retirement homes or nursing facilities may work extended shifts and are responsible for patient assessment, injections and record keeping. The Registered Geriatric nurse in a nursing home may also have supervisory responsibilities as well as patient care responsibilities.
Elderly care includes facilities which provide nursing care for patients suffering from disorders such as Alzheimer’s or dementia which may make them combative or disoriented. The job of a Geriatric nurse requires a nurse with a great degree of compassion as well as the ability to work well under stress.
Geriatric Nurse Salary and Career Outlook
The first baby boomers are reaching retirement age and the need for Geriatric nurses is predicted to explode as the largest generation in history ages. The career outlook for the geriatric nurse is very strong. Nursing positions are predicted to grow by at least 21% through the next 8 years.
The salary of a nurse in elder care depends upon their level of education and the part of the country in which they work. However, an RN has an average salary of $59,000 a year.
Scholarships for Geriatric Nurses
Gerontology Nursing Scholarships that Pay Education Expenses
Students have multiple methods at their disposal when seeking gerontology nursing scholarships to help pay for nursing school. This is a growing field of nursing because of our aging population. As a result, geriatric nurses are in high demand. This will cause the number of scholarship opportunities to continue to grow.
National Gerontology Scholarship Programs
There are various national organizations that offer scholarships to nursing students specializing in geriatric nursing. These programs may be administered by membership organizations that can restrict scholarships to members. However, many such scholarships are open to all students regardless of membership status. The following are examples of national programs that offer geriatric nursing scholarships.
National Gerontological Nursing Association
The Association offers Mary Opal Wolanin Scholarships which are open to both undergraduate and graduate nursing students who plan to work in gerontological nursing and are members of the Association. Scholarships are awarded based on academic scores, current experience and future plans in geriatric nursing, personal essay and letters of recommendation. Only students with at least a 3.0 GPA qualify for this scholarship. Awards are $500. Applications are typically due to the Association by June annually. For applications and guidelines, students can contact the Association at 3493 Lansdowne Drive, Suite 2, Lexington, KY 40517 or by calling (800) 723-0560.
American Academy of Nursing
The Academy offers the Building Academic Geriatric Nursing Capacity Scholarship to doctoral nursing student who plan to pursue academic and research careers in geriatric nursing. Each scholarship recipient is awarded $100,000 for a two-year period. Scholarships are awarded based on current academic and work records as well as future potential for success in the geriatric field. Online applications are due in January annually. For additional information, interested nurses can contact the Academy at 1000 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC 20005 or by calling (202) 777-1170.
State Gerontology Scholarship Programs
States may offer scholarships to nursing students interested in gerontology or geriatric nursing care. State-wide organizations that focus on geriatric care may be another source of scholarships for nursing students. Many of these organizations are membership agencies and can require you to join to be eligible for scholarships. Nonprofit geriatric organizations may offer scholarships to employees or to nursing students with the stipulation they work at the nonprofit or in the community after graduating from college.
Educational Institute Gerontology Scholarship Programs
Nursing students currently attending a geriatric nursing program may be eligible for scholarships directly from their school. Scholarships can be open to all nursing students or specific for nursing students studying geriatric healthcare. To find out if these scholarships are available through your school, contact your school’s financial aid office or visit the nursing department. The following is an example of a school that offers scholarships to nursing students specializing in geriatrics.
Georgia State University
Students enrolled in the University’s School of Nursing or Gerontology Institute can apply for over 20 scholarships including the Fulton County Gerontology Scholarship, the Charles and Catherine B. Rice Scholarship, and the Barbara Haltiwanger Nursing Scholarship. Each scholarship program has individual eligibility and application requirements. Award amounts vary depending upon the scholarship. Students interested in these opportunities can call (404) 413-5210.
Employer-Sponsored Gerontology Scholarship Programs
Healthcare employers or senior care organizations may offer scholarships to encourage employees and community members to obtain a degree in geriatric nursing with the intent they work for the employer for a period of time after graduating from college. The Keswick Multi-Care Center is a healthcare employer that offers scholarships to geriatric nursing students.
Keswick Multi-Care Center
Through the Keswick Foundation nursing students who plan to work in geriatrics can apply for the Henry Baker Registered Nursing Scholarship or the Keswick Geriatric Nursing Assistant Scholarship. Students can be enrolled in an accredited nursing degree program or schools that offer geriatric nursing assistant’s certifications. Applicants must be graduating high school seniors who live in Baltimore, Maryland. Scholarships are awarded based on academic scores, personal essay, and letters of recommendation. Students must agree to work at Keswick upon graduation for a minimum of two years. Awards are $500 and applications are due by the end of February annually. For applications and guidelines, contact the Foundation by calling (410) 235-8860.
Community-Based Gerontology Scholarship Programs
Community resources are also available for nursing students who want to work in geriatrics. There may be senior care centers that offer scholarships as well as local foundations that focus on geriatric care. The following is an example of a foundation that offers scholarships to students who want to study geriatric nursing.
J. P. and Maude V. Schroeder Memorial Trust
Graduating high school seniors who are interested in pursuing a geriatric healthcare degree can apply for a scholarship from the Trust. Applicants must be current residents of Grant County, Washington to qualify for financial assistance. Scholarships are awarded based on academic scores, future goals, and letters of recommendation. Award amounts vary. Applications are due to the Trust by the end of April annually. For applications and guidelines, students can contact the Trust, c/o U.S. Bank, N.A., P.O. Box 3168, Portland, OR 97208.
Gerontology nursing scholarships are available from multiple sources to help students enter a field that has a high demand for qualified geriatric nurses and nursing assistants. Students can apply for multiple scholarships to pay for nursing school. | <urn:uuid:293b5fde-4a89-4942-9103-18b621f66c61> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.nursingschools4u.com/programs/geriatric-nurse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.957046 | 2,004 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Betsie RiverThe Betsie River Map
The Betsie River is located in Grand Traverse, Benzie and Manistee counties. The stream originates at Green Lake near the village of Interlochen and flows in a westerly direction to its outlet into Betsie Lake and Lake Michigan near Elberta and Frankfort. A large part of the river lies within the boundaries of the Fife Lake and Betsie River State Forests and flows through the Betsie River State Game Area near its mouth. The Betsie River drains a surface area of approximately 165,800 acres and includes about 93 linear miles of streams, 52 miles of which is mainstream.
The Betsie River Plan Full Text (316 KB)
Below are individual sections of the plan:
-Cover Sheet, Preface and Table of Contents
-The Study Area
-Existing Uses and Recreational Opportunities
-Future Uses and Potential Problems
-Existing and Proposed Local Zoning
-Laws and Programs Reinforcing Objectives
-Preliminary Natural Rivers Plan
-Appendix A - Part 305, Natural Rivers PA 451 of 1994>
-Appendix B - "Alteration of Rivers" Law
-Appendix C - Related Laws
Natural River Zoning Rules - Zoning standards for the Betsie River system are found on pages 1-21 and 23-25. | <urn:uuid:12b43e30-13a8-412e-8cdb-9a73383c1595> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_52259_31442-95764--,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889325.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120043530-20180120063530-00499.warc.gz | en | 0.902292 | 291 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Our economy is highly dependent on our natural wealth. It includes renewable, nonrenewable and other natural resources. Our agricultural, fish and raw material industries, all are based on these resources. Development in tune with sustainability and renewability is sustainable development. Industrial development is a key characteristic of any modern civilization. It is the result of people’s daily demands and technological innovation. Although these developments are important for progress, they also have some harmful aspects. The use of fossil fuels has polluted our environment. Climate change is a huge issue worldwide. Because of people’s unawareness and unplanned work, the world’s temperature is steadily increasing. Other than industrial development, electricity/power consumption, use of automobiles, brick production, industrial waste and deforestation is also responsible for this.
India is obviously a densely populated country; It has also been one of the victims of climate change through natural disasters. Floods, cyclones, tsunamis are all regularities now because of the climate change. Our country is being victimized for the destruction of the environment by more developed countries. Our actions are also greatly harming the earth’s environment. We have polluted most of our clean water sources. Dumped industrial waste has destroyed our rivers and other wetlands. Some rivers’ waters have been completely replaced by waste. It has been found that 18500 meters cubed of liquid waste and 19000 Kilograms of hard waste are dumped every day into the Ganga river alone. Ganga is still known as the holy river of India but in some parts, use of its water is deadly for humans just because of the high level of water pollution. This waste has entered our food in several ways and has resulted in the spread of different diseases. With increased industrialization, there has also been an increase in urbanization. We are increasing pollution in the cities by using polythene, plastic products, and inadequate waste management. The use of polythene and littering is affecting the oxygen levels in water and destroying soil fertility. With this era of development, roads, dams, bridges and ports are being constructed all over the country. But without proper foresight planning and management, this is doing nothing but pushing us backward from sustainable development. Being an agricultural society, most of our farmlands are hydrated by rivers. But river flow is hindered with dams. Rivers are getting filled up by sediments. Aquatic organisms are having their habitats destroyed. Indian rivers are also being heavily affected by dams built by neighboring countries. In dry seasons, there are always water shortages and the soil is all dried up. Conversely, in the rainy seasons, we are faced with huge floods. Because of dams built in some rural areas, people face a myriad of problems including increased levels of salinity in the water. We are also generating electricity from the river while causing irreversible damage to the environment. With the forests, we are losing invaluable wild animals and biodiversity.
We humans have very strong survival instinct. We are doing whatever we can to survive on this planet. Whatever we do, we get affected by it. Some of our activities favor us but on the other hand, cause harm to environment. We need any economic development to be in tune with the environment and socially sustainable in the long run. We also need initiatives to reduce poverty. Because, if poverty keeps increasing, the sustainable development wouldn’t be much effective. On the other hand, if we are destroying several species for some development, we are not leaving anything for future. The average people in villages can do things within their capabilities to help. For example, agricultural researchers can figure out how to grow rice using water with high saline levels. A lot of other small things like this are needed. The industrial development in the last 200 years or so has brought us to a point where the temperature of earth is rising like anything. Because of deforestation and wastage of important resources, the earth is heating up. The industries are not fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility. There are a lot of economical, cultural and social barriers in the way of sustainable development. There is a strong need for taking care of our present so that the future can be favorable.
Still, humans with their creativity, are trying to find ways to reverse these damages. In the past, the environment was never considered when planning for development. Slowly but importantly, this is changing for good. Before any plans for developments are approved, it is now considered whether it is environmentally sustainable of not. Protecting environment should receive high priority when planning for further urbanization, industrialization and electricity production. The sustainable development is possible if we work together. We need to raise awareness and teach people about proper use of farmlands, ponds etc in villages. The environment’s health depends on our social management and how we manage economic development. Social ability depends on how we move forward in these areas. Biodiversity is really important, we need to consider everything from snails to crabs while thinking of developed lives. We need to make the masses understand these things before we move forward. The concepts of low carbon economy, historic environment, prudent use of natural resources and improving biodiversity should be on top of our list. We should also be aware of the proper usage of water. We waste a lot of water on unnecessary activities because we think that there is no shortage of water. But there is not the same situation in every part of the country. People are forced to drink water full of chemicals and toxic material because they do not have supply of fresh water. Sustainable development starts with us when we start taking these little steps. Even if some unsustainable initiative is economically successful, it can still harm us greatly through environmental damages. Sustainable development will help us and the environment at the same time. To protect our natural environment, we have no option but sustain our resources. Only then we can achieve the proper balance between the environment and us and can co exist in harmony. | <urn:uuid:8bea682d-7918-4aef-bd68-b26d265cb6c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://earthuntouched.com/sustainable-development-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888878.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120023744-20180120043744-00658.warc.gz | en | 0.962091 | 1,195 | 3.421875 | 3 |
How can we better understand race, ethnicity, and class within America’s modern urban experience? VFH Fellow Sandhya Shukla is discovering some answers in the New York City community of Harlem. Her project, “Cross-Cultures of Modern Harlem,” examines how diverse groups with crisscrossing cultures have come together to make Harlem their new home.
Looking at Harlem from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, Shukla’s project, “Cross-Cultures of Modern Harlem,” focuses on ethnic and racially different groups of people in Harlem: African Americans, Africans, West Indians, Puerto Ricans, Italians, Mexicans, and others. Most existing research in this area portrays these groups as separate and self-contained. Shukla instead argues that Harlem’s diverse peoples are better defined by their exchanges with one another, and that Harlem can—and should—be looked at as a whole rather than as a conglomeration of separate groups.
Shukla’s perspective stems from “cross-culturality.” Instead of talking about Harlem as “multicultural” or as the home of many different “contained” groups, cross-culturality allows Shukla to pose Harlem culture as something that is in a constant state of transition and movement.
Her research has not been without its obstacles. While conducting interviews in Harlem, she found people to be invested in their own particular identities and visions of themselves. In fact, various forms of racial and ethnic identification have been empowering to groups in Harlem, especially in terms of gaining political representation in government. By challenging peoples’ notions about identity yet remaining respectful of these differences, Shukla attempts to discern the larger story of Harlem and its people, and capture the interactions among multiple communities.
Overall, Shukla’s has two intentions for this project. As an academic, she wants to intervene in the body of scholarly literature that has seen Harlem in distinctive racial and ethnic terms, and for a popular audience, she wants to complicate our understanding of urban culture by telling the story of this city-space through the model of cross-culturality and rendering Harlem as global. According to Shukla, Harlem’s meaning cannot be understood in purely American terms. Instead, today’s Harlem has been made by ideas and ways of being from other nations and places and is a dynamic global space.
Why does any of this matter? Shukla’s work helps us to think about what it means to live in a city, in the present moment, and what it has meant over time. She focuses on the intimacy and conflicts among cultures, all of which define and shape urban life. | <urn:uuid:b25d5782-56ad-429a-b0b2-512dc4665531> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.virginiahumanities.org/2013/03/many-cultures-at-home-in-harlem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645177.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317135816-20180317155816-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.964752 | 564 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Gurgaon in plain sight is a dismal city near New Delhi, India’s self-absorbed capital. Flanking a national highway and hedged on one side by a forest of hardy shrubs, Gurgaon lies in a suburban sprawl that has no center even though there are several buildings that proclaim ‘City Center.’ Builders claim it is ‘modern,’ but what they mean is new. Its inhabitants do not know the names of most of its roads. They too are new, chiefly seniors who have fled Delhi and young couples from all over of the nation who work in the corporations that have set up offices in Gurgaon. Just a few years ago, a different kind of people used to live in Gurgaon leading a very different life. They were farmers who used to grow grain, millets and mustards. Then the builders made them offers they could not refuse. Hectares of land were sold to the builders transforming villagers into sudden millionaires. They went with bags filled with cash to buy cars. They started businesses, many became land brokers. Their diet changed, habits changed. As one of them told me, about seven years ago when the transformation was still fresh, they were introduced to “heart attack.” They bought fancy villas. A resident of one of Gurgaon’s villas, the wife of a retired railway officer, told me that one day she saw a woman at her gates. “I thought she wanted a job as a maid but then I realized she wanted to buy a house.”
Farmers have not entirely vanished from Gurgaon, but they have retreated into the ever-receding margins where they live on small farms with ever-masticating camels and cows. They await the builders. That is what agriculture in India is today—land awaiting the builders, farms waiting to become real estate.
The productivity of Indian agricultural land has improved vastly over the decades but it lags far behind not just developed economies but also other middle-income countries. India’s rice productivity per hectare is half of that of China’s, and its wheat productivity is less than 60 percent. About half of India’s population is employed in agriculture or associated industries, but contributes less than 20 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. But India is vast, and more than 60 percent of its land is used for agriculture. Only the United States has more arable land than India. As a result India is a statistical giant in farm produce. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Indian agricultural exports in the decade between 2003 and 2013 grew faster than those of any other nation. India is among the largest producers of several crops. India can feed all its people and more. In fact, one of its major problems is that huge quantities of grains that are meant for the poor rot in warehouses.
So, the question that Indians with socialistic leanings—nationalists, traditionalists and others who are suspicious of science and foreign corporations—ask is why India should bother at all with the seemingly risky genetically modified crops. Isn’t all well as things are?
India has consistently demonstrated its will to stand up to the whole world to protect the commercial interests of the farmer, who is politically crucial.
Genetically modified crops have better yields, are more resistant to conventional pests than organic crops, and use less fertilizer. India permits the use of genetically modified seeds only in cotton cultivation. Since 2002, when the technology was allowed, India’s otherwise doomed cotton production increased many folds and the nation is today one of the major cotton producers in the world. But the technology has also been mired in controversy with activists alleging that seed companies, chiefly Monsanto, which produces Bt Cotton, have exaggerated the benefits and played down the reverses. They have accused Monsanto of being responsible for farmers falling into debt traps, and for their suicides. Several independent studies have disproved this hypothesis but the issue has become a matter of belief. Years of campaign against the technology by both honest and spurious activists, and the tendency of Indian journalists who cover rural affairs to be suspicious of multi-national corporations, have instilled the fear in the minds of farmers that the products of biotechnology would make them beholden to seed companies like Monsanto.
The fact is that India has an exemplary law in place that protects the Indian farmer from becoming a slave to the monopoly of private corporations. Also, India has consistently demonstrated its will to stand up to the whole world to protect the commercial interests of the farmer, who is politically crucial. Yet, Indian politicians, who are usually practical men of the world, as a result short-term players, see no immediate gain in risking the wrath of farmers, activists and nationalists.
• • •
In May this year, after the new government was sworn in, India’s agriculture minister, Radha Mohan Singh, said on his first day in office, “I have spoken to government officials and feel GM technology is important.” But he added, “If it is very essential then we will implement it.”
The Bharatiya Janata Party, which was triumphant in the general elections held this year, had maintained through out its campaign that it would permit genetically modified crops only after serious scientific evaluation in Indian conditions. It was an admirable stand but the new government, like its predecessors, has succumbed to the pressures of activists and put on hold its valiant plans to understand the technology better from a purely scientific point of view. There is a case for India to be circumspect, but it has done nothing to comprehend its own circumspection and to make an informed decision. Instead, the Indian government has yielded to the threats and campaigns of activists.
There are several reasons why there is an urgent need for India to overhaul its agriculture through modern technology, bio-technology being just one of the many sciences it must prospect.
Farming is venerated in India, chiefly by those who are not farmers. An overwhelming majority of India’s farmers are unable to share this quaint adoration because they are impoverished. Working on an Indian farm is among the least paying jobs in India. Not surprisingly, the aspiration of young rural Indians is to find liberation from farming. In fact, it is the lack of good opportunities in agriculture that is driving millions of young Indians to seek their future in the cities, where they live in inhuman conditions. Skilled farm workers are arriving in cities to become unskilled security guards in para-military uniforms, who are so malnourished even stray dogs taunt them. They also become drivers, gardeners, and maids. The educated are luckier but they struggle against the more sophisticated urban graduates. Many of India’s social problems and urban nightmares emerge from the crushing poverty meted out by India’s agricultural sector to its own.
States like Punjab and Maharashtra have shown that increasing the productivity of its agricultural land and the associated industries such a growth would create can transform societies within the lifespan of a government. Biotechnology is not the answer, but it is a part of it. For instance, Indian agriculture is a perennial victim of the extreme forces of nature. India is constantly hit by droughts and floods, and by pests. The Indian government has an unambiguous humanitarian reason to investigate whether biotechnology can solve some of the nation’s unique problems. If India can create crops that can withstand droughts and floods, it would be an achievement that is far greater than sending a color camera to orbit Mars.
In February of last year, Manmohan Singh, in his final weeks as prime minister said, “Use of biotechnology has great potential to improve yields. While safety must be ensured, we should not succumb to unscientific prejudices against” genetically modified crops.
But it appears that he could not convince his own government to adopt the technology. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), which has the mandate to regulate the development and cultivation of genetically modified organisms in India, had cleared several GM crops for field trial in 2013, but the minister of environment and forest, Jayanthi Natarajan put them on hold. She was replaced by a man who claimed that she had misread a court directive. He approved the trials. But in May, after the general elections, the government headed by Manmohan Singh ceased to exist, and a new government headed by prime minister Narendra Modi was sworn in. In July, the Approval Committee, cleared thirteen crops for field trial, but a few days later the government put the trials on hold. The turnabout was influenced by objections raised by two outfits, one of whose philosophy is to reject, “materialistic and imperialistic homogenisation (sic) and aimless transnationalism of the Western assumption”; and the goal of the other outfit is, “to collect, experiment, innovate, improve and publicise (sic) the centuries old practices and usages in the agriculture field …”
It is not hard to comprehend the nature of the opposition to biotechnology in India.
The current Indian government is not opposed to genetically modified organisms. Nor was the government that it replaced. Their reluctance cannot be attributed to scientific scrutiny or concern for the commercial wellbeing of its farmers or the health of its citizens.
In almost every sphere of life, India shows no regard for the welfare of its citizens. Indian cities are among the most polluted in the world. Vehicles that are long dead are allowed to ply on the road. Children travel to school in open rickshaws, a dozen crammed into one that can fit only four. Several die in accidents on the way to school or on their way back. Chemical factories have very poor safety precautions. Buildings collapse because they have been built on loose soil or with poor material. Almost every restaurant is a serious fire hazard. Poorly designed roads, as much as wild driving, cause hundreds of fatalities every day. In Mumbai’s suburban trains, men dangle from the doorways because those trains do not have automatic doors—hundreds die every year by falling. Yet, it is possible that such a nation would be concerned about the health implications of a technology even if developed economies have deemed safe for their citizens. Such a concern would have been honorable, even touching. But then the fact is that India’s biotech policy has been disproportionately influenced by a mob of urban and provincial elites who hold on to traditions to sustain their own relevance in a changing world.
The two outfits that coerced the government to put the trials of genetically modified crops on hold—Swadeshi Jagran Manch and Bharatiya Kisan Sangh—are affiliated to the Hindu nationalistic Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the ideological mothership of the party that governs India today. The RSS, in Indian public conscience, is a fellowship of adult males in billowing khaki shorts and shirts, who perform morning drills in rudimentary physical exercise. Membership is not open to women. The stated purpose of the organization is to preserve and promote India’s Hindu ideology. It is a society of fierce intellectuals, academics, writers and thugs, which is despised by the nation’s westernized liberals. But the requirements of activism have brought together the fellowship of male ideologues and urban liberals, among them “eco-feminists,” whatever that might be, on the same side in the battle against GMOs.
The aristocracy of these liberals are the village romantics. They are usually affluent, western educated, city-dwellers who are the beneficiaries of hailing from the top layers of India’s social hierarchy. They inherited not just wealth, but also class, privileged education, social contacts and other forms of exceptional advantages that ensured that they would remain the aristocracy even if the world changed fast. Like Gandhi. He too, unsurprisingly, was a village romantic.
They like the idea of the unchanging Indian village inhabited by colorful unchanging rustics who work on their small organic farms. Yet, what they love is the illusion of the Indian village, a village that does not now exists or ever actually existed. Deep within, the Indian village was a perpetually miserable place. The primary author of the Indian Constitution, B.R. Ambedkar, said six decades ago, “The love of the intellectual Indian for the village community is of course infinite, if not pathetic. … What is a village but a sink of localism, a den of ignorance, narrow mindedness and communalism?”
Its oppressed have prayed for the village to be transformed. But the village romantics, who live far away in their bungalows, do not like the evolution of the village. They find economic progress, which transforms farms into real estate, visually ugly. They wish everything remained the same, because when everything remains the same they have something beautiful to marvel at from the outside—small, lush fields that are not very productive, good natured rustics who are stranded in their lives, zero-emission bullock carts.
To the western world, the most famous of the contemporary Indian village romantics is Vandana Shiva, who is also among the world’s most prominent activists against genetically modified organisms.
• • •
A recent article in The New Yorker magazine by Michael Specter portrayed her campaign. It is inevitable that a story of this nature would provide Shiva’s perception of India’s Green Revolution that began in the 1960s and transformed Indian agriculture through innovations and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. “Shiva believes that it destroyed India’s traditional way of life,” Specter writes, “She told me that, by shifting the focus of farming from variety to productivity, the Green Revolution actually was responsible for killing Indian farmers. Few people accept that analysis, though, and more than one study has concluded that if India had stuck to its traditional farming methods millions would have starved.”
They [the village romantics] wish everything remained the same, because when everything remains the same they have something beautiful to marvel at from the outside—small, lush fields that are not very productive, good natured rustics who are stranded in their lives, zero-emission bullock carts.
Vandana Shiva is among the Indian intellectuals whom the West looks up to for an interpretation of Indian maladies. There are times when what these people say is so ridiculous to an Indian ear that one wonders if they realize that Indians, too, would be reading their analyses.
Shiva’s imagination of a pastoral paradisiacal India before the Green Revolution is so outrageous it borders on hilarious. Almost all of Indian literature and cinema of an age are essentially about the crushing, numbing poverty on the Indian farm before the Green Revolution began to transform the society. In fact, India was so food deficient before the Revolution that there would be police raids on wedding feasts to check if the guests were being fed too much food.
India paid a price for the advancement, of course, through ecological damage. But generations of Indians would agree with Specter’s analysis that the incontrovertible fact is that the Green Revolution saved millions of Indians from starvation. In a way, the Revolution created India’s vast educated middle class, the progeny of farmers who did not essentially get rich but prospered enough to send their children to schools and colleges, who in turn formed a formidable mass of first generation literates that straddled across metros and small towns, and became the very backbone of modern India.
The New Yorker story seriously challenges the credibility of many of Shiva’s claims, and of Shiva herself. Specter writes, “Shiva said last year that Bt-cotton-seed costs had risen by eight thousand per cent in India since 2002. In fact, the prices of modified seeds, which are regulated by the government, have fallen steadily… Shiva also says that Monsanto’s patents prevent poor people from saving seeds. That is not the case in India. The Farmers’ Rights Act of 2001 guarantees every person the right to “save, use, sow, resow, exchange, share, or sell” his seeds. Most farmers, though, even those with tiny fields, choose to buy newly bred seeds each year, whether genetically engineered or not, because they insure better yields and bigger profits.”
These are vital facts, and Shiva is unable to contest them in her written response to the article. All through her response, which she posted on her website, she adopts the classic activist strategy of appearing to rebut the specific points raised in an article but discussing a range of issues that the story never stated or implied in the first place. Shiva denies that she ever said that the Bt-cotton seed costs had risen by eight thousand percent in India. Then she goes on to show the difference in prices between natural cotton seeds before Monsanto entered the market and Bt, which was not the comparison the article was claiming to make.
Also, the story raises the serious question whether activists like Shiva are, in fact, responsible for the starvation or malnutrition of millions in the world’s poorest nations. By protesting against genetically modified crops that are enriched by vitamins, crops that are developed by non-profits and have been proven to be safe, are they not denying the poor their right to better foods? Shiva’s response does not address this crucial question.
On the plates of India’s poor, when they do find food, there is always a huge portion of grain. Their meals are chiefly mere starch. The free or cheap food that they receive is almost entirely in the form of grains. India has a responsibility to scientifically investigate the genetically modified crops that add nutrition to grains, and clear them for consumption if they are indeed safe. Even if Shiva would raise hell.
More than The New Yorker story it was Shiva’s insubstantial response that indicted her as a person who employs hyperbole to stir the emotions of her western audience. It is an outdated mode of activism. In the age of information, the smartest activists stick to facts.
Her most powerful claim—that Monsanto was responsible for the suicides of indebted farmers in India, and that the company was responsible for “a genocide”—is largely discredited in India’s mainstream news media, which was once instrumental in the wide dissemination of the hysteria when it began. Several independent studies by highly regarded academics have attempted to explain the so-called ‘farmer suicides’ and they have found Shiva’s favorite hypothesis outlandish.
India can yet ban genetically modified life in India, but it should have an honorable reason for doing so. | <urn:uuid:a327457a-b60a-4cc0-b0d9-c8d2f62f225f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/falling-for-the-village-romantics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00138.warc.gz | en | 0.969191 | 3,846 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Some daily sky sights among the ever-changing Moon, planets, and stars.
Friday, June 26
Venus and Jupiter, shining in the west as twilight fades, are now only 2.2° apart! That's about the width of your thumb held at arm's length. They point to fainter Regulus, twinkling to their upper left.
Watch the two planets move closer together each evening until their appulse (closest approach) on Tuesday the 30th. That evening they'll be just 1/3° apart, seven times closer than they appear now!
In reality, they're not close together at all. Venus is 51 million miles from Earth this evening; Jupiter is eleven times farther at 561 million miles.
Saturday, June 27
Venus and Jupiter have closed to 1.7° from each other in the west at dusk.
In the southern sky this evening, look for Saturn lower left of the gibbous Moon. Scattered to the lower left of Saturn are the stars of Scorpius. The brightest of these is orange Antares.
Sunday, June 28
Saturn shines close to the waxing gibbous Moon this evening. Below and lower left of them runs Scorpius, as shown here.
Telescope users in eastern North America can watch for the thin, invisible dark limb of the Moon to occult the 4.1-magnitude star Theta Librae. Some times: Toronto, 10:58 p.m. EDT; New York, 11:08 p.m. EDT; Miami, 10:48 p.m. EDT; Chicago, 9:36 p.m. CDT; Austin, 9:06 p.m. CDT.
Meanwhile, Venus and Jupiter are now 1.1° apart in the west at dusk (in the longitudes of the Americas).
Monday, June 29
The bright Moon forms a triangle with Saturn to its right and Antares closer to its lower right, as shown here.
Venus and Jupiter are now 0.6° apart in the west at dusk (for the longitudes of the Americas).
Tuesday, June 30
Venus and Jupiter are closest together tonight, 0.3° apart. That's about the width of a chopstick at arm's length. (Depending on the chopstick and the length of your arm, of course.) Jupiter is on top. They'll both fit into a telescope's field of view at low and medium power; Venus is a brilliant fat crescent, Jupiter is a much duller, slightly flattened ball nearly the same size.
In reality, they're very far apart in space. Venus is currently 48 million miles from Earth; Jupiter is a dozen times farther away at 565 million miles, on the other side of the solar system.
Cloudy? They'll remain strikingly close together for days to come.
Wednesday, July 1
Venus and Jupiter have widened to 0.6° apart at dusk in the longitudes of the Americas. Now Jupiter is on the right.
Full Moon (exact at 10:20 p.m. EDT). Look far to the Moon's upper left after dark to spot Altair.
Thursday, July 2
The Venus-Jupiter separation this evening: 1.0°.
This month, spacecraft are imaging the solar system's two brightest dwarf planets, Ceres and Pluto. Find Ceres, magnitude 8.4, just below Capricornus using the chart in the July Sky & Telescope, page 50. Pluto is a daunting 14th magnitude, but its chart starts on page 52. Coincidentally, both are in the late-night southern sky only about 25° apart.
Friday, July 3
Venus and Jupiter are now 1.5° apart low in the west at dusk, widening every day. Jupiter is on the right.
Saturday, July 4
Out to watch fireworks? As dusk settles in, point out to people Venus and Jupiter still forming a striking pair low in the west (1.9° apart), fainter Regulus to their upper left, and the two brightest stars of summer: Arcturus very high toward the southwest, and Vega nearly as high in the east.
Want to become a better astronomer? Learn your way around the constellations. They're the key to locating everything fainter and deeper to hunt with binoculars or a telescope.
This is an outdoor nature hobby. For an easy-to-use constellation guide covering the whole evening sky, use the big monthly map in the center of each issue of Sky & Telescope, the essential guide to astronomy.
Once you get a telescope, to put it to good use you'll need a detailed, large-scale sky atlas (set of charts). The standards are the little Pocket Sky Atlas, which shows stars to magnitude 7.6; the larger and deeper Sky Atlas 2000.0 (stars to magnitude 8.5); and once you know your way around, the even larger Uranometria 2000.0 (stars to magnitude 9.75). And read how to use sky charts with a telescope.
You'll also want a good deep-sky guidebook, such as Sue French's Deep-Sky Wonders collection (which includes its own charts), Sky Atlas 2000.0 Companion by Strong and Sinnott, the bigger Night Sky Observer's Guide by Kepple and Sanner, or the beloved if dated Burnham's Celestial Handbook.
Can a computerized telescope replace charts? Not for beginners, I don't think, and not on mounts and tripods that are less than top-quality mechanically (meaning heavy and expensive). As Terence Dickinson and Alan Dyer say in their Backyard Astronomer's Guide, "A full appreciation of the universe cannot come without developing the skills to find things in the sky and understanding how the sky works. This knowledge comes only by spending time under the stars with star maps in hand."
This Week's Planet Roundup
Mercury (about magnitude 0 and brightening) is low in the glow of sunrise. Look for it about 40 minutes before sunrise just above the east-northeast horizon, very far to the lower right of Capella. Binoculars help. To Mercury's right or upper right is 1st-magnitude Aldebaran, farther from it every day.
Venus and Jupiter have their conjunction this week! They're the two bright "stars" close together in the west during and after twilight, shining at an impressive magnitude –4.6 and –1.8, respectively. On Friday June 26th they're 2.2° apart. They appear closest together, just 0.3° apart, on the American evening of Tuesday June 30th. (This is their appulse. Their conjunction in right ascension, which is what's tabulated in many almanacs, is on July 1st.)
By July 4th they've widened to 1.9° apart. All the while, fainter Regulus creeps closer toward them from the upper left.
Mars is hidden deep in the glare of sunrise.
Saturn (magnitude +0.2, in Libra upper right of the head of Scorpius) is highest in the south after dusk. About 13° lower left of Saturn twinkles fiery orange Antares, not quite as bright.
Uranus (magnitude +5.9, in Pisces) and Neptune (magnitude +7.9, in Aquarius) are well up in the east and southeast, respectively, before dawn begins to brighten. Finder charts.
All descriptions that relate to your horizon — including the words up, down, right, and left — are written for the world's mid-northern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude (mainly Moon positions) are for North America.
Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) is Universal Time (UT, UTC, or GMT) minus 4 hours.
“This adventure is made possible by generations of searchers strictly adhering to a simple set of rules. Test ideas by experiments and observations. Build on those ideas that pass the test. Reject the ones that fail. Follow the evidence wherever it leads, and question everything. Accept these terms, and the cosmos is yours.”
— Neil deGrasse Tyson, 2014 | <urn:uuid:6f29fed5-3469-4210-9265-b22302ddd01d> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/this-weeks-sky-at-a-glance-june-26-july-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423716.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721042214-20170721062214-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.918601 | 1,723 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Start Staying Hi To A Neighbor
Do you scurry for your door every time your neighbor appears? Next time, try to make a concerted effort to say hello, wave, and be friendly. Although this might feel out of character and anxiety-provoking at first, over time this new habit will become second nature.
If you are feeling really bold, try a behavioral experiment: Invite your neighbor over for coffee at a time when she is clearly busy. Seek out rejection and learn that it is not so bad! At some point down the road, you might even find you have made a friend out of a neighbor.
What Are The Causes Of Social Anxiety
There doesnt seem to be one cause of problems with anxiety, but there are several factors that might play a part in developing anxiety in social situations.
- A specific incident or event if you experienced shame or humiliation in a particular situation, you may develop anxiety about similar situations or experiences that you associate with that event.
- Family environment parents who were very worried or anxious when you were growing up can have an effect on the way you cope with anxiety in later life, and you may even develop the same anxiety as a parent or older sibling.
- Genetics some people appear to be born with a tendency to be more anxious than others, which can develop into an anxiety disorder.
- Long-term stress this can cause feelings of anxiety and depression, and reduce your perceived ability to cope in particular situations. This can make you feel more fearful or anxious about being in those situations again, and over a long period, may increase your anxiety about those situations.
When To Worry About Physical Symptoms Of Anxiety
Social anxiety disorders can also lead to physical symptoms. You might experience blushing, sweating, or a subjective sensation of feeling suddenly cold or warm, says Dr. Potter. You might also have physical tension, which could cause aches and pains, like a stomachache. You can also experience symptoms associated with panic, even if you dont have a full-blown panic attack. Panic symptoms are your heart beating fast, shortness of breath, a subjective feeling of losing control or a fear of sudden, impending doom, says Dr. Potter. People with social anxiety will typically experience some of these symptoms, including at a lower threshold, too.
Determining whether these symptoms are from anxiety, or a more serious medical condition can be difficult. If the pain goes away quickly after the anxiety-provoking situation has stopped, and if you have a subjective sense of knowing that you are currently afraid of something, then its more likely what you are feeling is probably anxiety, says Dr. Potter. But if youre in doubt, you should definitely talk to a doctor about it and get advice on specific signs to look out for and what your risk factors are. If you have a known heart condition, this advice is even more important. You want to be much more careful about seeking medical care for any of these types of symptoms, she says. And if you have cardiac conditions and you have anxiety, you should talk to your doctor about how to differentiate the two.
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How Is It Ever Possible To Feel Comfortable Or Natural Under These Circumstances
To the person with social anxiety, going to a job interview is pure torture: you know your excessive anxiety will give you away. Youll look funny, youll be hesitant, maybe youll even blush, and you wont be able to find the right words to answer all the questions. Maybe this is the worst part of all: You know that you are going to say the wrong thing. You just know it. It is especially frustrating because you know you could do the job well if you could just get past this terrifying and intimidating interview.
Create Your Own Structure
Our anxieties can heighten in situations where theres a lot of uncertainty. Case in point: office parties. I personally dread them because Im always unsure of how to initiate conversations beyond my work life and be interesting at that. This lack of structure or predictability can feel unnerving, especially with big social groups.
The advice here is to make a simple structure for yourself ahead of these situations. Pick three to four people that youd like to talk to. For instance, it could include your direct report, your boss, and the receptionist. A little structure can help you overthink less throughout the event.
Read Also: How To Control Anxiety Panic Attacks
Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator
This online resource, provided by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration , helps you locate mental health treatment facilities and programs. Find a facility in your state by searching SAMHSAs online Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator. For additional resources, visit NIMH’s Help for Mental Illnesses webpage.
Do A Daily Or Routine Meditation
While this takes some practice to do successfully, mindful meditation, when done regularly, can eventually help you train your brain to dismiss anxious thoughts when they arise.
If sitting still and concentrating is difficult, try starting with yoga, or walking meditation. There are many free guided meditations on apps like InsightTimer that can help you get started.
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How Can Social Anxiety Be Treated
Many therapeutic methods have been studied, but cognitive-behavioral techniques have been shown to work the best. In fact, treatment of social anxiety through these cognitive-behavioral methods produces long-lasting, permanent relief from the anxiety-laden world of social anxiety.
Don’t let semantics and terminology about therapy throw you off. While it is correct and best to say we use “cognitive-behavioral” therapy, this includes a mindfulness approach to overcoming it, and it most definitely includes an acceptance of things as we continue to get better.
Engage In Breathing Exercises To Refocus On The Present Moment
Once Ive identified Im having a panic attack, concentrating on my breathing is the first thing I do. True, sometimes its not easy to recognize Im having one. But feeling extreme distress and overwhelming emotions is usually a great indicator. Ill notice Im holding my breath, which can often make the pain feel worse or more intense. Taking a moment to simply breathe slowly really helps me think and attempt to calm myself.
Although there are many breathing exercises out there, I just take in a long, deep breath, and then let it out. Completely fill your lungs until they expand, and then let it all out. Continue to do this as you work through some of the other steps below, and there will be a significant difference. The worst thing we can do in this situation would be to continue to hold tension .
Deep breathing has been shown to alleviate acute stress, and breathing exercises also give our mind something to focus on instead of our panic. It can be a simple goal that brings us back to the present moment and makes us feel accomplished once we do it.
So give yourself that grace and allow the breaths to bring you some peace. Once youve got the breathing down, you can move on to any other tactic below .
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Find Ways To Make Use Of Any Insight They Have Into Their Anxiety
If your loved one has insight into their anxiety, you can help them spot when their anxiety-driven patterns are occurring. I find it helpful when my spouse notices that Im expressing my anxiety about work by being irritable with her or by being too fussy. Because we know each others patterns so well and have a trusting relationship, we can point out each others habits. Not that this is always met with grace, but the message sinks in anyway.
Offer Support But Dont Take Over
Avoidance is a core feature of anxiety, so sometimes we may feel pulled to help out by doing things for our avoidant loved ones and inadvertently feed their avoidance. For instance, if your anxious roommate finds making phone calls incredibly stressful and you end up doing this for them, they never push through their avoidance.
More on Anxiety
How stressed and anxious are you? Take the quiz.
A good general principle to keep in mind is that support means helping someone to help themselves, not doing things for them, which includes virtually anything that stops short of actually doing it yourself. For example, you might offer to attend a first therapy session with your loved one if they set up the appointment. Or, if theyre not sure how to choose a therapist, you might brainstorm ways of doing that, but let them choose.
An exception might be when someones anxiety is accompanied by severe depression. If they cant get themselves out of bed, they may be so shut down that they temporarily need people to do whatever is needed to help them stay alive. Also, sometimes loved ones are so gripped by an anxiety disorder that theyre in pure survival mode and need more hands-on help to get things done. In less extreme circumstances, however, its best to offer support without taking over or overdoing the reassurance.
Also Check: How To Conquer Social Anxiety
What Is Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety is a type of anxiety condition that makes people feel anxious or fearful in social settings.
People who have social anxiety disorder might have a hard time meeting new people, talking to them, and possibly attending social events. Though they may know these are feelings of anxiety, they may still have difficulty overcoming them.
This type of disorder can be debilitating on a persistent basis and affect ones ability to work, study, and create close relationships with non-family members.
Overcoming Social Anxiety And Dating
It’s a challenge to date when you have social anxiety, since meeting people with anxiety can be so difficult. But it’s also not necessarily the right idea to date when you’re this anxious either. Instead, you should commit yourself to overcoming your social anxiety and then worry about dating if it happens in the interim.
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You Really Need To Pull Yourself Together
A colleague said this to me when she found me crying in the staff toilets at an event. She thought the tough love approach would help me snap out of it. However, not only did it not help, it made me feel more embarrassed and exposed. It confirmed that I was a freak and therefore needed to hide my condition.
When faced with anxiety, the natural response from observers seems to be to encourage the person to calm down. Ironically, this only makes it worse. The sufferer is desperate to calm down, but is unable to do so.
Socially Interacting With Co
Step 1: Say hello to your co-workers.
Step 2: Ask a co-worker a work-related question.
Step 3: Ask a co-worker what they did over the weekend.
Step 4: Sit in the break room with co-workers during your coffee break.
Step 5: Eat lunch in the break room with your co-workers.
Step 6: Eat lunch in the break room and make small talk with one or more of your coworkers, such as talking about the weather, sports, or current events.
Step 7: Ask a co-worker to go for a coffee or drink after work.
Step 8: Go out for lunch with a group of co-workers.
Step 9: Share personal information about yourself with one or more co-workers.
Step 10: Attend a staff party with your co-workers.
Recommended Reading: What’s The Difference Between Stress And Anxiety
Help Someone Who Is Anxious To Temper Their Thinking
Youll be a more useful support person if you educate yourself about cognitive-behavioral models of anxiety, which you can do by reading or attending a therapy session with your loved one. But, in lieu of that, you might try using some techniques that can be helpful to people suffering from anxiety.
Typically, anxious people have a natural bias towards thinking about worst-case scenarios. To help them get some perspective on this, you can use a cognitive therapy technique where you ask them to consider three questions:
- Whats the worst that could happen?
- Whats the best that could happen?
- Whats most realistic or likely?
So, if your loved one is anxious that they were supposed to hear from their parents hours ago but havent, you can suggest they consider the worst, best, and most likely explanations for the lack of contact.
Take care not to overly reassure your loved one that their fears wont come to pass. Its more useful to emphasize their coping ability. For example, if theyre worried about having a panic attack on a plane, you could say, That would be extremely unpleasant and scary, but youd deal with it. And, if your loved one is feeling anxious that someone else is angry with them or disappointed in them, its often useful to remind them that you can only ever choose your own actions and not completely control other peoples responses.
Work With Your Strengths
In order to get yourself out of a social anxiety rut, you dont need to have an end goal of becoming a stand-up comedian or accomplished concert pianist.
If you love books, maybe joining a book club or even leading a book club would be your thing. Think about your interests and talents, and how you can bring more sociability into those areas in your life.
Read Also: How To Stop My Anxiety
Tip : Learning To Breathe Better
Most of the physical symptoms of severe social anxiety are due to a problem known as hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is the act of breathing too quickly, although contrary to popular belief, hyperventilation is caused by too much oxygen and too little carbon dioxide, not the other way around.
Hyperventilation causes issues like:
The adrenaline from anxiety leads to many of these symptoms as well, but hyperventilation is often the biggest culprit, especially for those with severe anxiety symptoms. That’s why it’s important to try to control your breathing when you have severe anxiety so that these symptoms dissipate.
To reduce hyperventilation symptoms, you’re going to need to fight the urge to breathe too deeply. Hyperventilation causes people to feel as though they’re not getting enough air, even though the opposite is true. Try the following:
- Breathe in very slowly through your nose take as much as 5 seconds or more.
- Hold for 3 seconds.
- Breathe out through your mouth like you’re whistling for 7 seconds.
Continue for a few minutes. Once hyperventilation symptoms start they do not go away that quickly. But this type of breathing will make it easier to reduce the severity of the symptoms, and possibly stop your panic attack.
Its Just Easier To Avoid Social Situations
In public places, such as work, meetings, or shopping, people with social anxiety feel that everyone is watching and staring at them . The socially anxious person cant relax, “take it easy”, and enjoy themselves in public. In fact, they can never relax when other people are around. It always feels like others are evaluating them, being critical of them, or “judging” them in some way. The person with social anxiety knows that people dont do this openly, of course, but they still feel the self-consciousness and the judgment while they are in the other persons presence. Its sometimes impossible to let go, relax, and focus on anything else except the anxiety. Because the anxiety is so very painful, its much easier just to stay away from social situations and avoid other people.
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Tip : Face Your Fears
One of the most helpful things you can do to overcome social anxiety is to face the social situations you fear rather than avoid them. Avoidance keeps social anxiety disorder going. While avoiding nerve-wracking situations may help you feel better in the short term, it prevents you from becoming more comfortable in social situations and learning how to cope in the long term. In fact, the more you avoid a feared social situation, the more frightening it becomes.
Avoidance can also prevent you from doing things youd like to do or reaching certain goals. For example, a fear of speaking up may prevent you from sharing your ideas at work, standing out in the classroom, or making new friends.
While it may seem impossible to overcome a feared social situation, you can do it by taking it one small step at a time. The key is to start with a situation that you can handle and gradually work your way up to more challenging situations, building your confidence and coping skills as you move up the anxiety ladder.
For example, if socializing with strangers makes you anxious, you might start by accompanying an outgoing friend to a party. Once youre comfortable with that step, you might try introducing yourself to one new person, and so on. To work your way up a social anxiety ladder:
Dont try to face your biggest fear right away. Its never a good idea to move too fast, take on too much, or force things. This may backfire and reinforce your anxiety.
How To Manage Your Social Anxiety
Having social anxiety doesnt have to keep you from making friends, trying new things, and reaching your full potential. You can develop new habits and coping skills to help you identify your feelings, find a more positive perspective, and overcome your social anxiety. Here are a number of techniques you can try to manage social anxiety:
Don’t Miss: Does Weed Help With Anxiety | <urn:uuid:389a5fc0-d5e8-40b3-a78d-ea4401351bb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.anxietyprohelp.com/how-to-deal-with-severe-social-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446709929.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126212945-20221127002945-00738.warc.gz | en | 0.95119 | 3,627 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Terra-watt Years of Power in 2017 Alone
Equivalent to Barrels of Oil
Global Year over Year Energy Consumption Increase
With a population of over 7.6 billion, our society uses an almost unimaginable amount of energy. In 2017 alone we produced almost 28 terawatt-years of power to sustain our industrialized society. Producing that much power would require us to burn almost 21 billion tons or 150 billion barrels of crude oil. And our energy demand is growing. Global energy consumption grows at an average annual rate of 1.7 percent per year based on a 10-year average.
Meeting the world’s demand for energy is causing serious environmental problems. Eighty-five percent (85%) of the world’s power comes from burning fossil fuel (oil, gas, and coal). Burning this fuel releases CO2 into our atmosphere at an enormous rate. It is estimated that greenhouse gas emissions for 2017 may be as high as 37 gigatons. As of 2018, the CO2 levels in the atmosphere are at the highest level in 3 million years. 2016 was the warmest year on record and 17 of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000. Science shows that the main cause of the current global warming trend is human activity, specifically warming of the atmosphere caused by greenhouse gas emissions.
Although progress has been made moving toward renewable energy sources, as of today only 3.6% of our energy comes from renewable energy sources and not all renewable energy is sustainable energy. The challenge is to accelerate our adoption of sustainable energy as quickly as possible. | <urn:uuid:2d725de4-04df-4342-ad5c-2bf230bf8850> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://sferion.com/the-sferion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203409.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324083551-20190324105551-00424.warc.gz | en | 0.935815 | 320 | 3.5625 | 4 |
COVID-19 Pandemic: An analysis of what is working, what we have learned thus far, and the challenges that remain ahead
Keywords:COVID-19, pandemic, emergency management, virus
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic started globally with the first cases being reported as early as December 1, 2019 in Wuhan, China.1 The first US cases were reported January 20, 2020.2 To date we have 11,892,382 confirmed cases globally and 545,485 deaths.3 Ominously, as of July 2020, the number of cases continues to rise with the United States having the highest cases (3,016,515) and mortality rates in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for emergency managers since most professionals have not experienced or managed a global pandemic. Complicating things further is the nature of SARS CoV-2 itself. As a novel virus we are still learning about the virus which requires adaptive changes to our current response as the pandemic evolves.
World Health Organization: Pneumonia of unknown cause–China. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/. Accessed April 1, 2020.
Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al.: First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020; 385: 929-936. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
Johns Hopkins University: COVID 19 Dashboard. Available at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Accessed July 8, 2020.
Burkle FM, Devereaux AV: 50 States or 50 Countries: What Did We Miss and What Do We Do Now? Prehospital Dis Med. 2020; 1-5. DOI:10.1017/S1049023X20000746.
Shultz J, Kossin J, Hertelendy AJ, et al.: Mitigating the Twin Threats of Climate Driven Atlantic Hurricanes and COVID-19 Transmission. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness [In-Press].
Barnett DJ, Rosenblum AJ, Strauss-Riggs K, et al.: Readying for a Post–COVID-19 World: The Case for Concurrent Pandemic Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts in Public Health. J Pub Health Manage Prac. 2020. 26(4): 310-313.
Copyright 2007-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC and Journal of Emergency Management. All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:49c0782e-7024-4f3f-a7e1-c1ffcf449a64> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://wmpllc.org/ojs/index.php/jem/article/view/2774 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604193207-20230604223207-00716.warc.gz | en | 0.878704 | 599 | 2.875 | 3 |
The UNHCR estimates that at the moment there could be as many as 500,000 unregistered Rohingya refugees inside Bangladesh. This number is in excess to the 25,000 that are registered refugees and are living in two of the camps provided by the UNHCR. What it means is that half a million people are living on Bangladeshi soil without any legal rights or provisions. They exist like ghosts in the wind because the government of Bangladesh does not recognise their presence.
The real problem, though, starts in Myanmar, where Thein Sein's military backed government fails to acknowledge their presence as well, often turning a blind eye to the massacre of Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine and the crimes against humanity being committed on Myanmar land. On March 29, the Myanmar government banned the word 'Rohingya' and insisted that the Muslim community register as 'Bengalis.' Critics will point to the fact that it is a political ploy to gain Buddhist votes before elections but it is just another move in a series of oppressive ones that can be seen to span across the best part of the last three centuries. Today, the Rohingyas are the most persecuted minority in the world, according to UNHCR reports. Their presence inside Myanmar continues to be widely contentious issue and, for the Myanmar government, mum's the word is the policy that has served them best for the past century.
The topic of debate centres on the belief that the Rohingyas are not people of Myanmar but an ethnicity that migrated into Myanmar from Chittagong. Proponents of this school of thought point to the fact that the Rohingya dialect and the Chittagonian dialect are very similar to each other. The truth is, though, that the Rohingya dialect of the people of Arakan developed sometime during the 8th century with the confluence of Arabic, Persian, Portuguese and Sanskrit. In fact, the ethnicity now referred to as Rohingya existed in Myanmar's land for longer than the last millennium. The free mixing of populations on both sides of the Naf river led to the similarities in dialects of the two regions. It was only in 1785 that the first instance of displacement of the Rohingyas occurred. Burmese king Bodapawpaya's conquest of Arakan led to the mass migration of the Mogh and the Rohingya to Chittagong. The Muslim population of Arakan was tortured indiscriminately and they had no choice but to flee. Fast forward to the three Anglo-Burmese wars stretching from 1824 to 1885 and we can see that the British occupation of Burma led to the reentry of Rohingyas into their homeland after decades in exile. Little were they to know of the nightmare that awaited them in the coming years.
With the rise of ultra nationalist movements throughout Burma, British India was finally separated from Myanmar in 1935, at a time when the Rohingyas fought to break away from the shackles of Imperialism. But this was the time when the communal flames of the Buddhist-Muslim dichotomy started spreading throughout Arakan, now renamed by the Mogh Buddhists as Rakhine. 1938 saw the first serious Buddhist-Muslim riots in Rakhine, and it was only about to get worse. Things came to a head in 1942, when Japanese occupation forces moved into Burma and colluded with Burmese ultra nationalists to massacre the many minorities of Myanmar, including the Rohingyas, who were now termed as Chittagonians, in-line with the anti-India sentiment that made the people of Myanmar averse to anything or anyone that came in contact with British India. The British, however, reoccupied Burma in 1945 and the Rohingyas were again allowed to settle back into Rakhine, albeit in acrimonious circumstances.
In 1948 came the independence of Burma and the implementation of parliamentary democracy. In Aung San's mandate, the Rohingyas were recognised as citizens of independent Myanmar. Even though Aung San was assassinated, his work towards peaceful coexistence was carried forward to some extent by U Nu, under whose rule Rohingyas were allowed to vote and enjoy basic rights. But it was to be the calm before a violent storm as General Ne Win came to power through a military coup and the systematic Rohingya genocide began in earnest from 1962. They were denied the right to vote and lost their status as citizens. That was when the exodus of Rohingyas to Bangladesh started. An estimated 207,172 refugees sought shelter in Bangladesh in 1978. Repatriation occurred in small bursts but another large wave of refugees came to Bangladeshi shores in 1992, this time almost 250,000 of them. The Bangladeshi government stopped registering Rohingya refugees in 1992 but the influx has not abated since then. Repatriation is a thorny topic as movement of the Rohingyas back into Rakhine puts them back into the scene of horrific persecution.
The situation hardly gives any reasons for us to be optimistic. Aung San Suu Kyi remains mysteriously mum on this topic while communal hatred spurs on in Rakhine. The Constitution of Myanmar states that any ethnic group that has lived within Burmese territory before 1823 are natives. It is strange, then, that Rohingyas are not included in this definition. In one of the most blatant instances of genocide in recent history, the government of Myanmar has decided to turn a blind eye to the fate of its people. And what of the hopeless community living in peril on both sides of an increasingly lawless border? They are often left with no choice but to turn to drug trafficking and militancy to gain their place back in their homeland.
The recent rise of militant organisations such as the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) should hardly be surprising. Reports published in The Myanmar Times say that infiltrators from Bangladesh (presumably RSO) shot and killed four police officers in Myanmar on May 17. It might just have been the tipping point that resulted in the shootout on May 28 that killed Mizanur Rahman. The situation now has become too glaring to ignore. The government of Myanmar can no longer sit and watch as hundreds burn everyday in Rakhine. It's time for them to accept the fact that the Rohingya belong in Myanmar as much as anyone else. It's time for them to step out of the tactic of using religious bigotry for political expediency.
The writer is Editorial Assistant, The Daily Star. | <urn:uuid:6588c826-02d6-4cfd-91f0-d7a90546cb0f> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.thedailystar.net/the-rohingya-a-history-of-persecution-27652 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464050955095.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524004915-00233-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969417 | 1,299 | 3.359375 | 3 |
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The Hovind Theory (Seminar Part 6)
The Hovind Theory blends scientific observations with Scripture in a fascinating explanation of what caused Noah’s Flood, the ice age, the formation of coal, mountain ranges, and the Grand Canyon. Dr. Hovind gives logical answers to the physical anomalies that geologists cannot explain with the evolutionary theory.
- They’re Both Religions (Beginnings, Session 1) 00:29:14
- The Age of the Earth (Seminar Part 1) 1:56:01
- The Garden of Eden (Seminar Part 2) 1:56:30
- Dinosaurs and the Bible (Seminar Part 3) 2:20:30
- Lies in the Textbooks (Seminar Part 4) 2:47:07
- The Dangers of Evolution (Seminar Part 5) 1:23:00
- The Hovind Theory (Seminar Part 6) 1:46:48
- Questions and Answers (Seminar Part 7A) 2:28:55
- Questions and Answers (Seminar Part 7B) 2:58:57 | <urn:uuid:9cc9214b-3018-4e4c-841c-808cc9f155a1> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.creationtoday.org/the-hovind-theory-seminar-part-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383508/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00037-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.754073 | 250 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Marine turtles have survived on Earth for more than 200 million years, and today seven species of marine turtles inhabit the world's oceans. In Europe, turtles can be primarily found in the Mediterranean Sea, where the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting populations are considered as indigenous.
Another three species of turtle are visitors to the Mediterranean Sea and the North-east Atlantic Ocean (especially around Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Azores). The leatherback turtle, the largest species of turtle, is the most regularly sighted visitor.
Turtles can provide good indicators of marine environmental health, as their population numbers are closely associated with the health of their environment. Turtles play an important role in ocean ecosystems. For example, loggerhead turtles provide habitat maintenance through their foraging behaviour. This foraging behaviour affects the compaction, aeration, and nutrient distribution of the seabed sediment. It also affects the species diversity and dynamics of the benthic ecosystem.
According to the Habitats Directive data from the 2007-2012 reporting period, 60% of reports showed unfavourable status and 40% unknown for the loggerhead and green turtle in the Mediterranean region (to be updated with the data from the 2013-2018 period). Marine turtles have not been observed in the Baltic Sea and are very rare visitors to the Black Sea.
General outcomes of the regional assessments
In the North-East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea both the loggerhead and leatherback turtles are listed as threatened and/or declining species.
In the Mediterranean, most nesting sites of the loggerheads are located in the eastern and central basins (Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and Libya), while for the green turtle these are all in the eastern basin (Turkey, Syria and Cyprus). Foraging and wintering sites of green turtles have been primarily documented along the Levantine basin but also in Greece and the north coast of Africa.
Outcomes from the MSFD assessments
In 2018, Member States had to update the Good Environmental Status (GES) assessments performed under Marine Strategy Framework Directive Article 8. The present dashboard displays the overall status reported by countries for the features, where the results show which is the percentage of assessments where GES has been achieved, not achieved or is unknown or not assessed. | <urn:uuid:2269ecdb-c519-474a-8545-f8700d0dfe66> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://water.europa.eu/marine/state-of-europe-seas/state-of-biodiversity/turtles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506686.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925051501-20230925081501-00892.warc.gz | en | 0.935733 | 472 | 4.09375 | 4 |
When it comes to New Zealand wildlife, you might be thinking sheep, sheep and more sheep. And you wouldn’t be wrong, either! Until recently, New Zealand’s sheep-to-human ratio sat at about 22 sheep for every man, woman and child in the country.
That’s a lot of sweaters!
But that’s not all that the island nation has to offer. A diverse collection of unique animals make this coastal county their home. In fact, there wasn’t a single mammal to be found for millions of years before humans arrived. Instead, a plethora of wild bird species, reptiles and marine life thrived in the region.
This includes a lizard whose DNA goes back 200 million years, unchanged since the days it walked the land with dinosaurs.
What you won’t find though, are snakes. That’s right, not a single snake slithers around New Zealand. Great news for all the ophidiophobics out there (that means fear of snakes!).
We’ve rounded up a few of the most unique creatures you’ll find, so that your next trip will have you doing more than just counting sheep.
A storied history riddles this legendary bird’s past. Sailors once thought that seeing an albatross in the sky meant good luck. The giant bird was said to have carried the souls of dead sailors to protect the ship from danger. However, if one were to kill an albatross, certain doom would come to all aboard.
These days the albatross isn’t as rife with superstition, but the real facts behind the bird are just as interesting. They are among the largest seabirds on the planet. At their largest, their wings can span more 12 feet across – almost 6 times the average seagull!
The albatross is kind of like the drone of the bird-world. They use nearly autonomous, micro-wing movements to stay aloft using little to no effort. For the albatross, this makes flying a breeze.
They can even sleep while flying and have been known to stay out to sea for years, only returning to land to mate and feed their young. Scientists tracked an albatross recently circling the entire globe – more than 10,000 miles – in just 46 days.
Tip: Before you see an albatross in person, keep tabs on the newest addition to the Taiaroa Head albatross colony via live web-stream! This albatross chick hatched in late January and will remain until it’s old enough to fly away in September. The chick’s parents return from sea daily to feed their young. An amazing look at New Zealand wildlife up-close.
What has three eyes, zero ears and has called New Zealand home for more than 200 million years?
The tuatara, New Zealand’s “living dinosaur”, still carries the same DNA since it walked side-by-side actual with the famed mega-reptiles. A third-eye on top of it’s head (physical, not metaphorical) is thought to help produce vitamin D and regulate night and day cycles, but even scientists still don’t know what it’s really used for.
At the very least, it makes up for having no ears!
As mammals like wildcats and rodents were introduced to the mainland, tuataras became quick and easy prey and populations were decimated. These days they thrive solely on the islands off the New Zealand coast – like Jurassic Park, right in New Zealand.
However, being banished to an island turned out to be a good thing. Without any natural predators, the tuatara can live to be more than 100 years old. The benefits of island life.
If you thought you had to travel to the tropics to see parrots, think again. This New Zealand exclusive is the world’s only alpine parrot and is found only in select parts of the South Island. Like most parrots, the Kea is an intelligent bird. Researchers estimate that the Kea is as smart as a 4-year old – without ever having stepped foot in pre-school.
The Kea is notorious for it’s brash personality. They’ve developed almost non-existent boundaries and humans, a blessing and a curse that makes getting an up-close picture of the Kea possible, but also less savory encounters. Because of the bird’s hyper-curious nature and general trust around people, they have been known to peck and damage cars and rifle through bags and clothing. One Kea even made off with a tourist’s unguarded wallet in Fiordland National Park.
It’s no wonder they call these pick-pocketing parrots the “clowns of the mountain”.
You’ll want to see this beautiful bird in person and the best place to do it is in Fiordland. Take a nature cruise of Milford Sound for beautiful landscapes and wildlife spotting. Kea have been known to hang out in the parking lot of Milford Sound so be sure to keep an eye on your wallet!
No other animal can stake the claim of attracting more than 400,000 visitors to New Zealand every year. In fact, the Waitomo Glowworm Caves are the most popular cave in all of Australasia, which includes New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea and other islands.
How do they do it?
Tourists flock to the Waitomo Caves to see the hypnotic, blueish glow that lights up the subterranean site. Millions of glowworms cover the cavernous interior and light up like blue fireflies during their feeding stage. The best part about seeing the glowworms is the silent, “black-water” river raft ride that you take to see them. You’ll float along the water beneath the canyon in total darkness, with only the star-like light of glowworms above.
Tip: Waitomo Glowworm Caves make a great back-to-back trip with Rotorua’s amazing geothermal features. Take a tour of both for a day tour you’ll never forget.
These quirky marine-mammals are best known for their aerial-acrobatics. While all dolphins exhibit breaching behavior in order to breathe from their blowholes, dusky dolphins seem to perform out-of-water stunts like aerial jumps, spins, tail-over-head dives, barrel rolls and more – seemingly for no other reason than their own enjoyment!
Dusky dolphins are found off the the south African coast, South America and many oceanic islands, but the largest concentrations are found all over New Zealand waters, including the Kaikoura Coast. Guided tours allow you to swim with these curious creatures in their natural environment.
Dusky dolphins are curious around humans and interaction with them is possible without the need for feeding, changing their environment or otherwise disrupting their natural habitat.
Tour-goers have reported dusky dolphins in pods numbering in the hundreds. The dolphins swim with and seem to mirror the behavior of humans (diving in as humans dive in) without being coaxed in to an encounter.
This tuxedoed New Zealand native is the rarest species of penguin in the entire world. The distinct, yellow banding around their eyes sets these quirky creatures apart from their Antarctic cousins to the south.
Yellow-eyed penguins, also known by their Maori name hoiho, are increasingly endangered. They generally breed on the South Island of New Zealand and habitats are found off the coast of Dunedin.
You can catch a glimpse of the rare land-bird with a cruise to Penguin Place wildlife refuge where conservation efforts are underway to increase the animals decreasing population.
You didn’t think we’d get away without mentioning New Zealand’s most iconic animal, did you? This large, flightless bird is an icon that is inseparable from New Zealand. The word Kiwi is used as a term of endearment for native New Zealanders and even adorns the country’s $1 coin.
Not bad for a bird that can’t even fly.
The Kiwi’s arrival to the island nation remains sort of a mystery. Some say the bird descended from an ancestor capable of flight. Others say they arrived before New Zealand broke off from Australia millions of years ago. Essentially, just walking right over.
The Kiwi is a cherished part of New Zealand wildlife and culture, whichever way they arrived.
Unfortunately, the Kiwi is an increasingly endangered species, so they may be hard to spot in the wild. The best way to see a Kiwi up-close is through conservation projects and nature reserves, like Rainbow Springs Nature Park in Rotorua and Zealandia in Wellington.
Plan a Trip to See New Zealand Wildlife
We’ll set you up with the perfect trip for wildlife watching in beautiful New Zealand. Whether you’re Albatross-spotting off the coast of Dunedin or staring in awe at glowworms, you’ll be sure not to miss anything on your trip.
We’ll even send you to Fiordland National Park, but make sure to watch your valuables around the Kea!
Want to start planning your trip now?
Phone us Toll Free on 1-888-359-2877 (CT USA, M-F 8.30am – 5pm) and speak to one of our expert Destination Specialists today.
You May Also Like | <urn:uuid:c45dbe43-9088-4b16-b4f9-d12059c8fd71> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aboutnewzealand.com/blog/most-unique-new-zealand-wildlife/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207153748-20231207183748-00418.warc.gz | en | 0.943638 | 1,995 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Monitor Your Liver Health in People with Chronic HCV
Although the natural history of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is poorly understood, liver damage due to chronic HCV infection is thought to typically occur slowly, over a decade or more. However, not everyone infected with the virus will advance to liver disease. Currently, it is believed that only 20 to 25 percent of people chronically infected with HCV will advance to cirrhosis.
Liver specialists have not resolved the question of whether to treat patients with chronic HCV infection who show no signs of liver damage. Although the protocols vary among health care facilities, many liver specialists recommend monitoring the health of the liver for signs of liver damage before considering alfa interferon treatment, the only FDA-approved treatment for chronic HCV infection. Therefore, patients with chronic HCV may be advised to have regular checkups and blood tests to monitor the health of their liver.
During a checkup, the patient may be asked about the severity of any symptoms, such as fatigue, associated with chronic HCV infection. During the clinical exam, a physician will look for signs of liver and spleen enlargement. The physician will also check to see if the liver and spleen area are sensitive or painful to the touch. He or she may also examine the patient's skin for small, spider-shaped clusters of red blood vessels that can arise when the liver is damaged.
The Lab Work
Myriad tests monitor the health and function of the liver. Many of these tests are done once a patient is known to have liver damage. Below are some of the lab tests that patients chronically infected with HCV, with no signs of liver damage, may encounter.
Blood Platelet Count
The physician may monitor the patient's blood platelet count to ensure healthy levels. Blood platelets help blood clot. A persistent decrease in a patient's blood platelet count may indicate more advanced disease. A low blood platelet count increases the patient's risk of hemorrhage, or uncontrolled bleeding.
Liver Enzyme Levels
When liver cells are damaged or die, they release more than normal amounts of certain enzymes into the blood stream. A blood test can reveal if these liver enzyme levels are normal or high. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is one such enzyme physicians monitor in patients with chronic HCV infection. Although a high ALT level indicates potential liver damage, it is not a definitive marker, so the test is usually repeated. If high ALT levels persist, a liver biopsy may be performed to assess liver damage. Another blood enzyme that may be monitored in patients with HCV is aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, a high AST level is not an exclusive indicator of liver damage, as AST is also released from damaged muscle, heart, kidney, and brain tissue.
Alpha-fetoprotein is a blood protein capable of stimulating an immune response. High alpha-fetoprotein levels in the blood can also indicate liver damage.
If these or other tests suggest potential liver damage, the patient may undergo a liver biopsy. Generally patients undergo a needle biopsy procedure under local anesthesia. The needle is inserted through the abdomen, into the liver, and a sample of liver tissue is extracted. The liver tissue is then evaluated. If the tissue confirms liver damage due to HCV infection, treatment options will be considered.
"Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Liver Chemistries," Richard H. Moseley, in Textbook of Internal Medicine, 3rd edition, 1997, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia.
"The Dilemma of Whether to Treat the Hepatitis C Patient," Eugene R. Schiff, M.D., Liver Update, Function & Disease, Vol. 10 No. 1; Winter/Spring 1996, American Liver Foundation.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Thirteenth Edition, 1994, McGraw-Hill, Inc. | <urn:uuid:ca44f908-046f-4090-86fe-51622d7073ad> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.natap.org/1999/july/monitor71699.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783393997.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154953-00066-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911562 | 806 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The Basic Skills Initiative (BSI) is a collaborative statewide effort to address the needs of community college students who are academically under-prepared to succeed. BSI is funded by a grant from the Chancellor's Office. It is intended to facilitate basic skills education and to provide extended professional development opportunities to faculty and staff.
Basic Skills Initiative: http://www.cccbsi.org
z News z
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The Reading Café
Now that reading is a required course in Credit ESL, teachers would like to help diagnose their students' reading challenges. The Reading Café (next to the ESL Lab) has software to assist students in understanding their learning styles, and books with audio in 6 levels of comprehension to encourage students to read more for fun.
Link to the Reading Café to see a complete list of books and audio available to students.
Here is a detailed presentation about the Reading Café. (pdf) | <urn:uuid:db80ce90-41e0-4a35-86f8-431953208ba7> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://glendale.cc.ca.us/index.aspx?page=3822 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500832738.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021352-00440-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936151 | 190 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Lecture or Presentation
These presentation materials were used to create an online tutorial for undergraduate students about how to evaluate the authority of an information source. It includes a PowerPoint presentation and lecture notes on an event-driven publication cycle and uses the death of pop star Michael Jackson as its primary example. This resource was designed with the Association of College & Research Libraries' Framework for Information Literacy (2015) in mind and addresses two of the threshold concepts that the Framework identifies: 1) "Authority is Constructed and Contextual," and 2) "Information Creation as a Process." These materials can be easily adapted for lower-level and upper-level students, for in-person or online instruction, to support learning outcomes related to identifying information types and/or evaluating information.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.
Lacy, Meagan. “Problems with Authority.” 2014. PowerPoint presentation. | <urn:uuid:2d2261c6-571e-4932-92c5-9efaa71c264a> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://academicworks.cuny.edu/nc_oers/1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320215.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624031945-20170624051945-00050.warc.gz | en | 0.87029 | 204 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Open position guitar chords
Open position guitar chords get their name from the root note of the chord. For example, the root note for the open position E chord would be the Low E note. This E note would be the open Low E string or 6th string.
The root note for the open position A minor guitar chord would be the Low A note and would be the open A string or 5th string.
Look below at the guitar chords. Notice the (0's) next to the strings. The (0's) shown next to the strings will be strummed open or not touched. When playing the A minor chord strum from the open A string down through the rest of the strings.
Once again the A minor chord is made up of the A - C - E notes. Look at the images below. The first image shows the A minor chord with the fingers that play it and the second image shows the notes of the A minor chord. The open strings are the A, and high E. Once again these open strings are not fretted, but strummed along with the fretted notes. Also notice that the open strings are part of the A minor chord, the A string (A note) and the high E string (E note).
Once you have these guitar chords mastered, we will use them for our background rhythm. We will then begin to play lead guitar over each chord (CD ROM only). Each of the chords illustrated above are from the Key of C major. If you were to write your song in C, you could use these chords to get started.
The next thing I would like for you to learn will be hammer-ons, pull offs and bending. hammer-ons. Just a tip, you may eventually want to lay down your progressions on a recorder so you can improvise over them.
Copyright 1998 - 2016 Guitar
Secrets Inc. All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:47898859-a4b7-4d27-9445-0d99c81980a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://guitarsecrets.com/open_position_chords.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121153.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00025-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927342 | 391 | 3.234375 | 3 |
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General and particular
In the early 17th century, Baptists in England developed along two different theologies. The General Baptists were so-called because they held belief in a General Atonement. The General view of the atonement is that Christ in His death undertook to make possible the salvation of all men. This position is identified with Arminianism and Amyraldianism. Early General Baptist leaders included John Smyth and Thomas Helwys.
The Particular Baptists were so-called because they held the Particular Atonement. The Limited view of the atonement is that Christ in His death undertook to save His people; those who believe in and trust Him for salvation. This position is often identified with Calvinism. Some early Particular Baptist leaders were Benjamin Keach, Hanserd Knollys, and William Kiffin.
Present day Strict Baptists of England are descendants of the Particular Baptists, but heavily influenced by men from the Gospel Standard Strict Baptist movement such as William Gadsby (1773-1844) John Warburton (1776–1857) and John Kershaw (1792–1870). Sometimes they are referred to as Strict and Particular Baptists. The terminology "strict" refers to the strict or closed position they held on membership and communion: i.e., that communion is reserved for those who are baptised members of a church which is an accordance with their Articles of faith. There are still other Baptist churches known as Grace Baptist who hold to a closed communion table restricted to baptized believers. The majority of early Particular Baptists rejected open membership and open communion. One notable exception was the author of Pilgrim's Progress, John Bunyan.
Strict Baptists are not Hyper-Calvinists.
In 1785, Andrew Fuller (1754–1815) published The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation. This would lead to eventual division among the Particular Baptists of England. The "Fullerites" are probably best represented by Fuller and William Carey (1761–1834), Baptist missionary to India, and Charles Spurgeon.
The leading spokesman for Calvinism was John Gill (1696–1771), perhaps best known for his Exposition of the Whole Bible. Among most Particular Baptists, Fuller's modified Calvinism was generally accepted. In 1891, most of the remaining General Baptists merged with the Particular Baptists in the Baptist Union of Great Britain (formed 1813). The Old Baptist Union represents General Baptists that did not participate.
Strict Baptists in the UK
Strict Baptists represent the strain of Particular Baptists that maintain the practice of strict or closed communion. They remained separate from the Baptist Union of 1813.
Leaders among them include William Gadsby (1773–1844), whose A Selection of Hymns for Public Worship is still in use among their churches today, John Warburton (1776–1857),pastor at Zion Chapel Trowbridge from 1815 until his death 2 April, 1857. John Kershaw, Edward Mote (1797–1874), composer of 'On Christ the Solid Rock I Stand, All Other Ground is Sinking Sand', and J. C. Philpot (1802–69). Having no central organization or rallying point, Strict Baptists were nicknamed based on the newspapers they supported — Christian Pathway Strict Baptists, Earthen Vessel Strict Baptists, Gospel Herald Strict Baptists, and Gospel Standard Strict Baptists.
Earthen Vessel, Gospel Herald and other Strict Baptists united in what would later become the Grace Baptist Assembly (founded 1980 as a merger of the Strict Baptist Assembly and the Assembly of Baptised Churches). The Grace Baptist Assembly churches represent a modification of Strict Baptists close to the modified Calvinism of the 18th century. These churches additionally meet together in three regional associations — Association of Grace Baptist Churches (East Anglia), Association of Grace Baptist Churches (East Midlands), Association of Grace Baptist Churches (South East) — and one fellowship — the Fellowship of Northern Particular Baptist Churches.
The Gospel Standard Strict Baptists maintain the beliefs Fuller sought to remove. They remain opposed to Fuller's modified Calvinism, as well as to open membership and open communion. At times, Gospel Standard Strict Baptists have been called Gadsbyites after William Gadsby.
Order of service
Meetings in Gospel standard churches follow a non-liturgical pattern, which rarely varies. A typical service includes three or four hymns, a Bible reading, prayer and sermon. Ministers are men who feel God's call to the ministry and have been affirmed by vote by church members. Ministers are not usually formally trained and sermons are not usually written.
Women do not hold positions of leadership, such as deaconess. Singing is usually solely accompanied by an organ, and many churches sing a cappella.
Communion or "The Lord's Supper" is held once a month, usually on the first Sunday evening of the month. This meeting is reserved for baptised believers.
Church meetings & church discipline
A meeting restricted only to baptised members of individual congregations is usually conducted on a three monthly cycle. This meeting is used to discuss issues of business and changes in Church practice. All decisions are made by majority vote by the showing of a raised hand.
Church discipline is used as a last resort for church members who have transgressed a rule of the church. Such rules can vary from church to church, exept where matters of faith are concerned. If a problem occurs with a church member that is considered minor, church discipline may first occur with something as simple as a pastor or deacon having an informal talk with the church member. Only if the "problem" continues would it be brought before all church members. The first stage of church discipline would be by a vote of church members to bar the transgresser from communion for a set number of months (usually 3). This period could be lengthened or shortened on a case by case basis.
On matters of larger import, a church member may be barred from communion, congregational prayer (if male), and all church responsiblities indefinately. This is rare.
If a person leaves the G.S. denomination they can not resign their membership. After a period of non-attendance of several months, a church meeting would be held where a vote would be taken and the membership of the person would be suspended indefinitely
- Historical Sketch of the Gospel Standard Baptists, by S. F. Paul
- The Baptist, by Jack Hoad
- Strict and Particular, by Kenneth Dix
- Baptists Around the World, by Albert W. Wardin, Jr.
- A History of the Baptists, by John T. Christian
- The Baptist Heritage: Four Centuries of Baptist Witness, by H. Leon McBeth
- History of the English Calvinistic Baptists 1791–1892, by Robert Oliver (2006), ISBN 0-85151-920-2
- Gospel Standard Trust Publications
- Strict and Particular Baptists (article on John Cargill's site The Faith of God's Elect)
- Strict Baptist Historical Society
- Strict and Particular Baptist, UK (thread on BaptistBoard)
- Grace Baptist Assembly 2003
- Association of Grace Baptist Churches (South East)
- Particular Baptist Press – publishes reprints and original works highlighting the Doctrines of Grace in historic Baptist literature | <urn:uuid:6688a1aa-6047-4190-8611-b51d7dfb33ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://religion.wikia.com/wiki/Strict_Baptist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549428325.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170727162531-20170727182531-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.956286 | 1,574 | 3.21875 | 3 |
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Foundational Focus: Basics of Ethernet
A local area network (LAN) provides a path of communication, allowing the delivery of packets of data, voice, or video originating from the sender (logical source address) to the receiver (logical destination address). Ethernet is the most common LAN used. As you start to learn about networking, remember that communication and the movement of large numbers, whether it is people, cars, mail, or network traffic, have a commonality. Everything you know and use in your daily life can be compared to the way traffic moves. | <urn:uuid:d88d49ea-4699-4a20-b53e-3c4db5be854d> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1370025015_956.html?asrc=RSS_BP_KABPINTERNETWORKING | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299877.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00189-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920725 | 121 | 3.78125 | 4 |
In many regions of the world, widowhood marks a ‘social death’ for a woman, casting her and her children out to the margins of society. This exhibit looks at the status of widows in Uganda, Bosnia and India.
Featuring: Amy Toensing
In many regions of the world, widowhood marks a ‘social death’ for a woman, casting her and her children out to the margins of society. In these cultures, a woman is often defined by her relationship to a man: first she is a daughter, then a wife. When her husband dies, she becomes an outcast. Commonly uneducated and without the ability to support herself, she is often targeted with abuse. Even when these women stand to inherit land or money, they don’t know their rights and their in-laws chase her off and keep any assets. Sometimes she becomes an object of ‘inheritance’ herself.
In 2011, the United Nations recognized the condition of widows as a global issue and declared June 23 as International Widows’ Day with a statement from Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, “No woman should lose her status, livelihood or property when her husband dies, yet millions of widows in our world face persistent abuse, discrimination, disinheritance and destitution.”
Amy Toensing, an American photojournalist committed to telling stories with sensitivity and depth, is known for her intimate essays about the lives of ordinary people.
Toensing has been a regular contributor to National Geographic magazine for nearly two decades and recently completed her fifteenth feature story for the publication. She has covered cultures around the world, including the last cave dwelling tribe of Papua New Guinea, Aboriginal Australia, the Maori of New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga.
Amy began her professional career in 1994 as a staff photographer at her hometown paper, The Valley News, in New Hampshire. She then worked for The New York Times’ Washington D.C. bureau, covering the White House and Capitol Hill during the Clinton administration. In 1998, Toensing left D.C. to receive her Master’s Degree from the School of Visual Communication at Ohio University.
Toensing was named the recipient of the 2018 Mike Wallace Fellowship in Investigative Reporting at the University of Michigan, where she will study the impact of women’s movements globally and documentary film production. Her work on widows, published in the February 2017 issue of National Geographic magazine, will be exhibited at the 2017 Visa Pour L’image.
The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting is an innovative, award-winning, nonprofit journalism organization dedicated to supporting in-depth engagement with underreported global affairs through our sponsorship of quality international journalism across all media platforms and a unique program of outreach and education to schools and universities. | <urn:uuid:820d52fb-0660-4aa1-8621-7a7b4f3119ab> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://photoville.com/widowhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864790.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522131652-20180522151652-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.949944 | 575 | 2.65625 | 3 |
While the heart rate is routinely examined by your doctor, you can also measure your heart rate. With the help of your middle finger and index finger, you have to first try to feel and locate your pulse at any of the following places include the wrist, the inner side of your elbow, the base of the toe, and the side of your neck. Read more: What Is a Good Heart Rate for My Age? Article
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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
A heart attack happens when a blood clot completely obstructs a coronary artery supplying blood to the heart muscle. A heart attack can cause chest pain, heart failure, and electrical instability of the heart.
Heart Attack Symptoms and Early Warning Signs
Recognizing heart attack symptoms and signs can help save your life or that of someone you love. Some heart attack symptoms, including left arm pain and chest pain, are well known but other, more nonspecific symptoms may be associated with a heart attack. Nausea, vomiting, malaise, indigestion, sweating, shortness of breath, and fatigue may signal a heart attack. Heart attack symptoms and signs in women may differ from those in men.
An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm. With an arrhythmia, the heartbeats may be irregular or too slow (bradycardia), to rapid (tachycardia), or too early. When a single heartbeat occurs earlier than normal, it is called a premature contraction.
How the Heart Works: Sides, Chambers, and Function
The heart is a very important organ in the body. It is responsible for continuously pumping oxygen and nutrient-rich blood throughout your body to sustain life. It is a fist-sized muscle that beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping a total of five or six quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day.
Fitness: Exercise for a Healthy Heart
Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of heart disease. To achieve maximum benefits, do a mix of stretching exercise, aerobic activity, and strengthening exercise. Aim to get 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least three to four times a week. Consult a doctor before exercising for the first time, especially if you have health problems.
Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Heart Rhythm Disorders)
Heart rhythm disorders vary from minor palpitations, premature atrial contractions (PACs), premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), sinus tachycardia, and sinus brachycardia, to abnormal heart rhythms such as tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, brachycardia, or heart blocks. Treatment is dependent upon the type of heart rhythm disorder.
Treatment & Diagnosis
Prevention & Wellness
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- Young Women Don't Spot Heart Symptoms | <urn:uuid:511cfd06-a121-40e0-a942-eb4b145b4fa0> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.medicinenet.com/what_is_a_good_heart_rate_for_my_age/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107874026.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020162922-20201020192922-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.873333 | 1,130 | 2.96875 | 3 |
This book describes in detail a method of group psychotherapy employed at the Jewish Board of Guardians of New York since 1934.
The group in which a given problem child is to be placed is determined after careful social and psychiatric investigations. A well trained leader is in charge of each group. Materials for various types of activity are provided. Each individual child may carry on any aggressive or destructive activity he chooses. In addition, trips and outings are arranged and carried out by the group. Careful records are kept of the weekly meetings, and discussions are carried on with the group leaders.
The book describes the principles of group therapy, the nature of the records, the methods of choosing the clientele, the role of the group leader and the reactions of the individual problem children to the group. Many case illustrations, with "5 typical cases" described in detail, give | <urn:uuid:d1b14bce-be32-4275-b4a3-d388b6f8a137> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1179806 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163933724/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133213-00005-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957887 | 172 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city is named after the Christian saint, Monica. Situated on Santa Monica Bay, it is bordered on three sides by the city of Los Angeles – Pacific Palisades to the north, Brentwood on the northeast, Sawtelle on the east, Mar Vista on the southeast, and Venice on the south. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736.
Partly because of its agreeable climate, Santa Monica had become a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its downtown core, significant job growth and increased tourism. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination.
Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs ( Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.
In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios. Following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2, 1848.
In the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall, and now part of the Santa Monica Hostel. It is Santa Monica's oldest extant structure. By 1885, the town's first hotel, was the Santa Monica Hotel.
Amusement piers became enormously popular in the first decades of the 20th century and the extensive Pacific Electric Railroad brought people to the city's beaches from across the Greater Los Angeles Area.
Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.
Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field ( Santa Monica Airport) for the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes made it back, after having covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000 (generously estimated). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1960s.
The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply. One report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt. In the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica (along with neighboring Los Angeles).The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings in the city, most notably City Hall . The main Post Office and Barnum Hall ( Santa Monica High School auditorium) were also among several other WPA projects.
Douglas's business grew astronomically with the onset of World War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield. The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948. RAND eventually acquired a 15-acre (61,000 m²) campus centrally located between the Civic Center and the pier entrance.
The completion of the Santa Monica Freeway in 1966 brought the promise of new prosperity, though at the cost of decimating the Pico neighborhood that had been a leading African American enclave on the Westside. | <urn:uuid:08000f52-5939-4c46-8e93-e9f2fd793838> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://everipedia.org/wiki/lang_en/Santa_Monica%2C_California/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823318.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210055518-20181210081018-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.972781 | 960 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Map Huh Universal Word (image) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Share Print E-Mail Caption A word like huh? -- used to initiate repair when, for example, one has not clearly heard what someone just said -- is found in roughly the same form in spoken languages across the globe. Languages 1-10 are examined in detail in the study. Locations are approximate. In all languages except 1, 2, and 21 the pitch of the word is rising. 1. Cha'palaa ʔaː 2. Icelandic ha 3. Spanish e 4. Siwu ãː 5. Dutch hɜ 6. Italian ɛː 7. Russian aː 8. Lao hãː 9. Mandarin Chinese ãː 10. Murrinh-Patha aː 11. ǂĀkhoe Haiǁom hɛ 12. Chintang hã 13. Duna ɛ̃: 14. English hã 15. French ɛ̃ 16. Hungarian hm/ha 17. Kri ha: 18. Tzeltal hai 19. Yélî Dnye ɛ̃ 20. Yurakaré æ 21. Lahu hãi 22. Tai/Lue hy̌/há 23. Japanese e 24. Korean e 25. German hɛ̃ 26. Norwegian hæ 27. Herero e 28. Kikongo e 29. Tzotzil e 30. Bequia Creole ha: 31. Zapotec aj. Credit Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Usage Restrictions None Share Print E-Mail Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system. | <urn:uuid:c424a21c-3bd8-4ca7-8d2d-88372973bced> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/64411.php?from=253535 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246646036.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045726-00264-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.717505 | 402 | 2.625 | 3 |
Hazardous and Banned Materials:
Household hazardous waste (HHW) is any waste from your home that you consider to be dangerous or of which you are unsure. It includes any leftover household product that is marked flammable, corrosive, explosive or poison. Common examples are pesticides, varnishes, paints, cleaners, and batteries. Banned materials are materials which cannot be disposed of through curbside garbage or recycling programs and may include hazardous materials. At no point can any such material be disposed of through the sewage or storm drain system (see CRD Source Control Program for more information).
What products are included in Household Hazardous Waste?
See current list of materials on the CRD Website:
What Hazardous Material can be deposited at the Oak Bay Public Works Drop-Off Depot?
A complete list of materials that can be dropped off at the Public Works Depot can be found at the Drop Off Depot page. Hazardous materials accepted at the yard include:
- Leftover Paint and empty paint cans
- Batteries (car or household)
- Expired Smoke Detectors
Clean plastic shopping bags
Small metal items, except fridges and freezers
No wood or building material. No furniture, mattresses or tires. No other hazardous materials
Other Hazardous Materials:
Most household hazardous materials can be dropped off at Hartland Land Fill. Sub-sets of materials, such as solvents, can also be disposed of at other facilities around the region. For complete information on how to safely dispose of household hazardous materials, see the CRD Household Hazardous Waste website.
What Materials are Banned from the Landfill?
For a complete and current list of materials banned from the landfill (and of course from curbside garbage), see the CRD Landfill Restrictions Web page. | <urn:uuid:41762a16-8738-4b5c-9bdd-1691a0f1d093> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.oakbay.ca/municipal-services/gargage-recycling/hazardous-materials | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039604430.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210422191215-20210422221215-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.893758 | 375 | 2.78125 | 3 |
UK and US engineers to collaborate on global water issues
A new trans-Atlantic collaboration, 'Clean Water for All', will bring leading water engineers from the United States and the UK together to tackle problems of providing clean, sustainable water supplies.
Five different research teams at UK universities will partner with academics from universities across the US. The UK projects are looking at water treatment and purification, water reuse, storm water management, sustainability of supplies and water infrastructures.
These five projects are supported by The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), and additional projects are supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the USA, with a combined funding of around £800,000 to supplement existing grant awards.
Expertise from both countries will be shared at workshops, symposiums, via visits and videoconference calls leading to new robust collaborations and adding value to existing research projects involving 12 UK universities.
‘Clean Water for All’, was announced at the 2013 Global Grand Challenges Summit, where scientists, engineers and policy makers discussed how engineering solutions could solve the world’s most pressing problems by developing international co-operation and frameworks.
Providing clean sustainable supplies of water was identified as a major priority as this global issue has societal, health, and economic implications.
The University of Exeter will collaborate with The University of Utah and The University of Arizona on urban water systems to make them more sustainable and resilient, especially for urban drainage and water resource distribution systems.
The University of Glasgow is exploring new technologies such as synthetic biology, nanomaterial science and bio-electrochemical systems and applying them to water engineering.
In Scotland providing water and wastewater services to remote rural populations using existing infrastructure is chemical and energy intensive.
Similarly half of the world’s population do not live in urban areas. A three day workshop will address challenges of water use in rural communities and put together proposals for further research with US and UK development.
A symposium will be held by The University of Sheffield to explore water reuse in urban areas, and how US and UK expertise can improve solutions for re-using water in both countries.
The University of Oxford are teaming up with The University of Massachusetts and Sandia National Laboratory and will focus on using algorithms to improve methodology for assessing risks to water security, and modelling how resilient piped networks are. | <urn:uuid:cd92850a-e185-4ea6-bf06-2bd93fdfca07> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.edie.net/uk-and-us-engineers-to-collaborate-on-global-water-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474445.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223185223-20240223215223-00871.warc.gz | en | 0.921655 | 484 | 2.6875 | 3 |
More Thanksgiving trivia. The famous Turkey Pardon has a colorful history. Arguably originating in 1863, it was first a Christmas turkey pardoned – not a formal pardon, but rather an Executive Order to the butcher not to kill and prepare the turkey (see below for details). The incident did not inspire a grand tradition of mercy towards our feathered friends, and for 12 years it was tradition for the First Family to buy a turkey, slaughter it, prepare it for dinner, and eat it for Thanksgiving (a new national holiday, as mentioned in my previous post). It was in 1873 when Rhode Island poultry magnate Horace Vose sent President Grant a turkey for Thanksgiving every year. Vose continued the tradition under Hayes, Garfield, and every other President up until his death in 1913. By then, it was outrageous that the President would have to buy his own turkey, and so different public organizations would gift turkeys to him to try to gain favor and display loyalty.
The modern history of the turkey pardon (I can’t believe I just wrote that) begins with Harry S Truman beginning a public display of the annual turkey gift. Truman had wanted to conserve agricultural resources for foreign aid programs like the Marshall plan. To encourage this, he instituted a campaign for “Meatless Tuesdays” and “Poultryless Thursdays” (the effectiveness of this campaign was not, to the best of my knowledge, ever determined). At any time this would have outraged the agricultural merchants, but 1947 was an exceptionally bad year to institute such propaganda, as three of the four biggest days in the poultry industry (Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years) fell on Thursdays. To make it up to the industry, Truman began a formal ceremony where he would receive a turkey with great fanfare from the National Poultry and Egg Board. Truman, not known for his mercy, did not display the restraint Abraham Lincoln so nobly had. But, so began the tradition of presenting a turkey to the President, and for some reason it just kept going.
Dwight D Eisenhower accepted a turkey annually for both terms, but after two years of eating turkeys John F Kennedy had had enough of this, and returned the Turkey on November 18, 1963, saying either “let’s keep this one going” or “let’s keep this one growing” depending on which newspaper you read. It baffled citizens then and it baffles historians now, as he was killed four days later, without ever elaborating on the turkey’s pardon (someone work THAT into their JFK conspiracy theory). Lyndon Johnson found the act of mercy noble like Lincoln’s and made it tradition, one continued by Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter. It was at this time that the media dubbed the refusal the “turkey pardon,” a term which in 1987 Ronald Reagan embraced by issuing an official pardon for the turkey Charlie, and sent him to a petting zoo (which Reagan had done with previous turkeys granted to him, but without the official pardon). George HW Bush issued no formal pardons, and Bill Clinton only issued two (1997 and 2000), but his 2000 pardon was the first of an uninterrupted stream of Presidential turkey pardons, becoming an annual tradition during the George W Bush and Obama administrations.
Donald J Trump took the turkey pardon in a bold new direction. His turkeys were not sent to petting zoos or farms to live out the rest of their lives as was tradition, but rather are being sent to a non profit organization that brings food to underserved communities in Washington DC, Martha’s Table. Although this might sound unfair to the birds, these turkeys were bred to be eaten and don’t usually live much longer than a year after their pardon and suffer immense health issues, usually needing to be euthanized rather than dying a natural death. It may be better for our society to feed the needy than to prolong these birds lives.
Did I really just write four paragraphs about Presidents and poultry? | <urn:uuid:21292cec-12d8-46b7-9723-ba064b844a1f> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://community.frontrowcrew.com/t/the-history-thread-gregs-trivia-thread/153?page=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210387.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815235729-20180816015729-00518.warc.gz | en | 0.970057 | 824 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Warm weather brings with it thoughts of cool ocean breezes, napping in a hammock, and sipping a tall glass of lemonade. Now hold on to the mental image of that lemonade because summer is also a time to be wary of dehydration: the lack of sufficient water in the body.
Water is important to the body at all times, but especially in warm weather. It keeps the body from overheating. When you exercise, your muscles generate heat. To keep from burning up, your body needs to get rid of that heat. The main way the body discards heat in warm weather is through sweat. As sweat evaporates, it cools the tissues beneath. Lots of sweating reduces the body's water level, and this loss of fluid affects normal bodily functions.
Signs of dehydration
If you suspect that someone is dehydrated, seek immediate medical attention.
Signs of dehydration include:
- loss of appetite
- flushed skin
- heat intolerance
- dark-colored urine
- dry cough
The best way to beat dehydration is to drink before you get thirsty. If you wait until after you're thirsty, you're already dehydrated.
How to avoid dehydration
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, to avoid dehydration, active people should drink at least 16- 20 ounces of fluid one to two hours before an outdoor activity. After that, you should consume 6 to 12 ounces of fluid every 10 to 15 minutes that you are outside. When you are finished with the activity, you should drink more. How much more? To replace what you have lost: at least another 16 to 24 ounces (2- 3 cups) .
One way to make sure you are properly hydrated is to check your urine. If it's clear, pale or straw-colored, it's OK. If it's darker than that, keep drinking!
Beverages: some hydrate, others dehydrate
Some beverages are better than others at preventing dehydration. Water is all you need if you are planning to be active in a low or moderate intensity activity, such as walking, for only an hour or less. If you plan to be exercising longer than that, or if you anticipate being out in the sun for more than a few hours, you may want to hydrate with some kind of sports drink. These replace not only fluid, but also chemicals like sodium and potassium, which are lost through perspiration. Too much or too little sodium and potassium in the body can cause trouble. Muscle cramping may be due to a deficiency of electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium.
Alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, teas, and colas, are not recommended for optimal hydration. These fluids tend to pull water from the body and promote dehydration. Fruit juice and fruit drinks may have too many carbohydrates, too little sodium, and may upset the stomach. If you're going to drink fruit juices while exercising, you may try diluting them with 50% fruit juice and 50% water first.
Adequate hydration will keep your summer activities safer and much more enjoyable. If you need to increase your fluid intake, keep an extra pitcher of water with fresh lemons, limes, or cucumber in the refrigerator.
- UpToDate - Patient information: Dehydration (The Basics)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Water: Meeting Your Daily Fluid Needs
© Copyright 1995-2017 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.
This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 7/25/2012…#9013 | <urn:uuid:aaaad7cc-488b-4b0c-9dac-7a6f20f330ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/avoiding-dehydration | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608416.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525195400-20170525215400-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.942525 | 769 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Answers 1Add Yours
Many of the women in To the Lighthouse either overtly or silently subvert conventional female gender roles. Lily Briscoe, for example, has no desire to marry, but rather wants only to dedicate herself to her work (much like Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Bankes). She is independent and self-sufficient, and she is able to disregard Mr. Tansley's chauvinistic comments about women being unable to paint. Despite Mrs. Ramsay's persuasion, she holds her ground throughout the novel, refusing to become any man's wife. These choices and ideas were very unconventional in the early 20th century.
Three of Mrs. Ramsay's daughters (Nancy, Rose, and Cam) also silently reject the life that their mother chose for herself, in all of its domesticity. They know that they want their lives to be different and more complex than what they perceive as the limited realm of wife-mother, and they are headstrong and adventurous.
Moreover, the novel promises only misfortune for the women who accept the roles carved out for them. Mrs. Ramsay dies unexpectedly at a relatively young age. Prue, shortly after getting married, dies as a result of childbirth. Even Minta, who had been a somewhat unconventional lady, suffers in her marriage, for Paul leaves her for another woman. The novel seems to punish the women who accept positions as wife and mother, while it abounds with young women who are sure that they want a different existence. | <urn:uuid:e87e1ce2-1e40-4e0d-a4e9-90efc96c4b69> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.gradesaver.com/to-the-lighthouse/q-and-a/how-do-women-in-the-novel-respond-to-the-gender-roles-that-they-perceive-or-that-are-imposed-upon-them-256068 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105451.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819124333-20170819144333-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.977139 | 304 | 2.75 | 3 |
Who is John Stuart Mill?
John Stewart Mill was a philosopher, an economist, a senior official in the East India Company and a son of James Mill. Mill is most well-known for his 1848 work, "Principles of Political Economy," which combined the disciplines of philosophy and economics and advocated that population limits and slowed economic growth would be beneficial to the environment and increase public goods. He is also known for his earlier work, "System of Logic," which outlined the methods of science and how they can be applied to social mechanics.
Understanding John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill was born in 1806 and lived until 1873. He grew up in a strict household under a firm father and was required to learn history, Greek, Latin, mathematics and economic theory at a very young age. He is subsequently considered one of the most influential British thought leaders on political discourse, including epistemology, economics, ethics, metaphysics, social and political philosophy, and other concentrations. In order of publication, his best known works are "A System of Logic," "Principles of Political Economy," "On Liberty," "Utilitarianism," "The Subjection of Women," "Three Essays on Religion" and his autobiography, which was written the year he died.
Mill was a controversial figure in 19th century Britain who advocated for the use of economic theory, philosophical thought and social awareness in political decision making. He used his writings and other publications to compare the legal status of women at the time to the legal status of slaves, to promote radical empiricism as a function of mathematics, and to pioneer the harm principle—an idea that political power should only be wielded over a member of an organization when that power is used to prevent harm to that member.
John Stuart Mill's Major Influences
Much of John Stuart Mill's beliefs, thoughts, and influential works can be attributed to his upbringing and the ideology taught to him by his father, James Mill. His father became acquainted with the leading political theorist Jeremy Bentham in 1808, and together they started a political movement that embraced philosophical radicalism. It was during this time that John Stuart Mill was indoctrinated with the economic theory, political thinking, and social beliefs that would shape his later work. This general ideology became known as Utilitarianism and was practiced by Mill in his earlier years.
It was actually this exact upbringing that gave him his foundation and also brought about his greatest breakthrough. Mill attributed a mental breakdown to the overbearing nature of his father and the radical system in which he was raised. The mental lapse forced him to re-examine theories he had previously accepted as true. Through this self-reflection, he began to make changes to Bentham's Utilitarian ideology to make it more positive, adopting the revised theory as his own system of belief. | <urn:uuid:df71b182-8224-4905-b8f6-89868ed26acb> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/john-stuart-mill.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657145436.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713131310-20200713161310-00293.warc.gz | en | 0.989017 | 571 | 3.765625 | 4 |
1. A Nation with a Long History of International Involvement
Azerbaijan is a nation with a long history of international involvement. As a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and GUAM, Azerbaijan has been a key player in the development of these organizations. Azerbaijan's commitment to international cooperation has been demonstrated through its active participation in a variety of organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. Azerbaijan's commitment to international cooperation has been a major factor in its success as a nation.
2. Azerbaijan Makes History: Theater & Perform Arts for Muslims
Azerbaijan is a country with a majority Muslim population, and it is making history by becoming the first Muslim-centric nation to have theaters and perform operas and plays. This is a remarkable achievement, as it shows that Azerbaijan is embracing the arts and culture of the world, regardless of religious beliefs. This is a major step forward for the country, and it is sure to have a positive impact on the lives of its citizens.
3. A Country of Stunning Natural Beauty
Azerbaijan is a country of stunning natural beauty, with 40% of its landmass covered by majestic mountains. These mountains provide a stunning backdrop to the country's diverse landscape, which includes lush forests, rolling hills, and vast deserts. The country's highest peak, Bazarduzu, stands at 4,466 meters above sea level, and is a popular destination for hikers and climbers. The country's mountain ranges are also home to a variety of wildlife, including bears, wolves, and lynx.
4. The Rivers of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is a country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia, and is bordered by the Caspian Sea. All of the rivers in Azerbaijan flow into the Caspian Sea, making it an important source of water for the country.
5. 8,350 Rivers: Azerbaijan's Vital Water Source
Azerbaijan is a country with an abundance of rivers, boasting 8,350 of them in total. These rivers range in size from small streams to large rivers, and they provide a vital source of water for the country's inhabitants. The rivers also provide a means of transportation, with many of them being used to transport goods and people. Additionally, the rivers are home to a variety of fish species, making them a popular destination for fishing.
6. Nine Climate Zones, Nine Wonders of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is a country of remarkable climatic diversity, boasting nine of the eleven climate zone classifications. This unique climate has enabled the country to become a haven for a wide variety of biodiversity, with species ranging from the snow leopard to the Persian leopard, and from the Caspian seal to the Eurasian lynx. With such a diverse range of flora and fauna, Azerbaijan is a true natural wonder.
7. The Land of Oil and Gas: Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is a country that heavily relies on its natural resources for economic growth. In fact, natural gas and oil make up a whopping two thirds of the country's economy. This is due to the abundance of oil and gas reserves located in the Caspian Sea, which have been a major source of income for Azerbaijan since the early 20th century. The country has also invested heavily in the development of its energy sector, which has helped to further boost its economy.
8. A Country That Is Rich in Agricultural Resources
Azerbaijan is a country that is rich in agricultural resources, with nearly 60% of its land dedicated to farming. This includes a diverse range of crops, from wood and general crops to medicinal crops, providing a wealth of opportunities for the country's agricultural industry. With such a large portion of the country devoted to agriculture, Azerbaijan is well-positioned to take advantage of the many benefits that come with a thriving agricultural sector.
9. A Land of Religious Diversity
Azerbaijan is a predominantly Muslim country, with an estimated 95% of its population practicing the faith. This includes both Shia and Sunni Muslims, although there is no official religion by law. This religious diversity is reflective of the country's rich cultural heritage, and is a testament to its long history of religious tolerance.
10. Azerbaijan's Black Tea
Azerbaijan is renowned for its black tea, which is the country's official beverage. This tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which is native to the region. It is usually served hot and is often accompanied by sugar, lemon, or milk. The tea is known for its strong, robust flavor and is a popular drink among locals and visitors alike.
More facts on
- South Caucasus
- Eastern European countries
- Russian-speaking countries and territories
- Western Asian countries | <urn:uuid:c58a0016-6202-4d35-962a-b8a9c3cbdfb8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.10-facts-about.com/azerbaijan/id/106 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233508959.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925083430-20230925113430-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.960324 | 1,011 | 2.71875 | 3 |
PASADENA, Calif.—Using state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques, a team led by researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has for the first time visualized and described the precise arrangement of chemoreceptors—the receptors that sense and respond to chemical stimuli—in bacteria. In addition, they have found that this specific architecture is the same throughout a wide variety of bacterial species, which means that this is a stable, universal structure that has been conserved over evolutionary time.
Their research, which was published this week in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), may help scientists better understand the complex signaling pathways that are at the core of many biological processes.
Bacteria swim using flagella to propel themselves. But it's not as simple as that, explains Grant Jensen, associate professor of biology at Caltech and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), who led the team. After all, they need to decide where to swim. "They tend to swim toward a favorable environment, and away from a harsh environment," Jensen says.
How do they know which is which? Enter the chemoreceptors, tiny protein molecules found at the front of the bacterium, near the flagella. "It's like a protein antenna that protrudes from the bacterial cell body, through the membrane, and out onto the surface," says Jensen. "It binds to nutrients and other chemical stimuli."
While swimming in a single direction, a bacterium such as Escherichia coli may encounter some nutrients, which then bind to the chemoreceptors. "This transmits a signal to the inside of the cell saying that things are good," says Jensen. "So the bacterium will keep swimming in the same direction. But if there are no good nutrients, the cell will do something called 'tumbling,' in which it stops and randomly flips over in the fluid, then starts swimming again in a random direction in a search for better conditions."
"One of the remarkable things about this system," says Jensen, "is that the chemoreceptors are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the concentrations of positive and negative stimuli.
Scientists believe that this sensitivity is due to the way the hundreds of chemoreceptors cluster together in the bacterial cell. "It is known that if one receptor binds a stimulus molecule, it turns on other receptors around it as well to amplify the signal," Jensen explains. "The whole system also adapts to changing conditions, dynamically adjusting the range of concentrations that it responds to.
To fully understand just what is happening in these cells, Jensen says, it is thus important to figure out the ways in which these receptors interact with one another, which in turn depends on understanding precisely how they are situated in relation to one another.
In other words, scientists need to be able to "see" the internal architecture of the bacterial cell and, in particular, how its chemoreceptors are arrayed.
Jensen and his team were able to get just such a glimpse at the chemoreceptor architecture at the macromolecular level, thanks to a state-of-the-art electron cryomicroscope that was purchased with a gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
"The electron cryomicroscope allows us to see the arrangement of individual proteins inside cells in a lifelike state," says Jensen. "To do this, living cells are quickly frozen so that all the proteins are frozen in place—in the same places they were in the living state."
The high-tech microscope allowed the researchers to take 3-D images of intact cells through a technique called electron cryotomography. The researchers looked at some 700 tomographic images—or tomograms—of bacterial cells, says Caltech postdoctoral scholar Ariane Briegel, the first author on the PNAS paper, and an HHMI associate. "This is the first time such a large number of tomograms was used to answer a biological question," she notes. "And it was made possible by the combination of a state-of-the-art electron microscope and fully automated data collection."
What they saw when they glimpsed the insides of these quick-frozen bacteria were chemoreceptors arranged in a regular, repeating lattice of hexagons—a structure with six sides and six corners or vertices—that are 12 nanometers apart, center to center. At each of the vertices sit six chemoreceptors, arranged in what scientists call "trimers of dimers," which means there are three sets of two paired receptors in each grouping. The two receptors in each dimer twine around one another, and those dimers then cluster together at one vertex of the hexagon to form a trimer.
"One beauty of this is that we've shown that the receptors cluster in cells in the same way they did in the crystal structure," says Jensen. "In the past, we didn't know if that was an artifact of the crystallography. Now we can see how the pieces fit together in real cells."
The paper also showed that this particular architecture is no single-species fluke. "We looked at 13 different species that cover the whole bacterial kingdom," Jensen says. "The arrays were all the same. This shows us that this structure has been universally conserved, that it's a universal architecture."
And that's important to know, he adds, because it gives scientists a basis for trying to figure out how this sort of architecture leads to the bacteria's sensitivity to chemical cues in its environment and establishes that work using key model systems such as E. coli will be generally applicable.
"Bacterial chemotaxis consists of only a few key components, making it an important model system for all cell signaling pathways," says Briegel. "We need to understand this system first before we can hope to fully understand the more complex eukaryotic signaling systems. Chemotaxis also plays an important role in the first steps of host invasion for pathogenic bacteria. Understanding it might help in the development of new antimicrobial agents."
In addition to Jensen and Briegel, other authors on the PNAS paper, "Universal architecture of bacterial chemoreceptor arrays," include Caltech's Elitza Tocheva, Zhuo Li, Songye Chen, Axel Müller, Cristina Iancu, Gavin Murphy, and Megan Dobro; Davi Ortega and Kristin Wuichet of the University of Tennessee; and Igor Zhulin of the University of Tennessee and of Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Their work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Beckman Institute at Caltech, and gifts to Caltech from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Agouron Institute.
Written by Lori Oliwenstein | <urn:uuid:1733f15a-03e1-4930-8d01-7f4ce72b405e> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://www.bbe.caltech.edu/news/caltech-scientists-get-detailed-glimpse-chemoreceptor-architecture-bacterial-cells-1564 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145897.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224040929-20200224070929-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.953327 | 1,413 | 3.84375 | 4 |
In the pipes and cistern problems, the majority of the problems deals with Inflow,outflow,current capacity, full tank,empty tank.
There will be few inlets connected to a dam or tank through which water enters into dam or tank and outlet through which water exits the tank or dam.
cistern: A tank to store water.
If pipe can fill the tank in 'x' hours then rate of flow is 1/x(1/x portion of tank gets filled in 1 hour)(when we divide the tank into x parts,one part gets filled in a unit of time)
If pipe can empty the tank in 'y' hours then emptying rate is 1/y(1/y portion of tank gets emptied in 1 hour)
The rate at which tank is filling =rate of inflow - the rate of outflow.
If a pipe fills the tank at 1/x rate and another pipe empties the tank in 1/y rate then on opening both the pipes :
If (x<y) rate at which tank is is 1/x-1/y
If (x>y) rate at which tank is emptying is 1/y-1/x
Pipes and cisterns solved problems:
If there are two inlets for dam (namely A, and an outlet (namely C)
A alone can make the dam full in 5 months,B alone can fill the dam in 4 months and C alone can make the full dam empty in 20 months,how many months are needed to make the empty dam full when all the three (A,B,C)are kept open.
Rate of filling(R)=rate of inflows - rate of outflows.
Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 minutes and 30 minutes respectively,how much time would the tank needs to become full when both the pipes are kept open.
Rate at which A fills the tank=1/20 (1/20 th part of tank gets filled in 1 minute)
Rate at which B fills the tank=1/30 (1/30 th part of tank gets filled in 1 minute)
Rate of filling(R)=rate of inflows-rate of outflows
so Time =12 minutes.
A tap A can fill a tank in 6 hours is kept open when half the tank is filled three more similar taps are kept open, how much time does it take to fill entire tank.
Rate at which A can fill the tank=1/6
split the problem into 2 modules
module1>As full tank needs 6 hours, the half tank gets filled in three hours.
module2>To fill the second half, three more similar taps are kept open(total 4 taps) rate
at which tank gets filled is 4(1/6)=2/3
Time required to fill the tank=3/2=1.5 hours=90 minutes
Time required to fill the half tank=90/2=45 minutes
Total time required:3hours 45 minutes
If a car's fuel tank has a capacity of 50 liters and when the fuel is filled at a rate of 22 liters/hr,and the owner of fuel filling station wanted to cheat and he took back 2 liters/hr back through the same pipe what is the time required to make the empty tank full.
Rate of filling= Rate of inflows - Rate of outflows
Rate of filling = 22-2=20 liters/hour (40 liters/2 hours) (50 liters/2.5 hours)
If 20 liters/hour rate is maintained,the total required time=2.5 hours.
Feel free to comment if you have any queries or modifications. | <urn:uuid:e551fa2e-62e8-403c-bb44-6b8a16462b40> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.m4apt.com/d/33-pipes-and-cistern-problems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584350539.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123193004-20190123215004-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.909891 | 778 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Editions for montaigne: essays: 014017897x (paperback published in 1993), 0140446028 (paperback published in 1993), 9754586985 (paperback published in 20. Essays on montaigne, pascal and voltaire audiobook mp3 blaise pascal (1623–1662) blaise pascal was a french philosopher, mathematician, scientist, inventor, and theologian in mathematics, he was an early pioneer in the fields of game theory and probability theory. – michel de montaigne’s on friendship: although some of the digressions weaken the lesser essays, the title piece and on the art of ranking the classics: week one of the 60 in 60, with seneca in the lead | eopinions says:. Written by michel eyquem de montaigne, narrated by david mccallion download the app and start listening to the complete essays of montaigne today - free with a 30 day trial. Essays by michel montaigne, 9780140178975, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide.
Essays by montaigne secrets heart lung sounds audio workshop companion to physical diagnosis secrets with student consult online access 2e sbt1 wgu papers. In writing these celebrated essays, montaigne was creating a new literary form in which he put his own views and opinions on trial in each piece he set out to discover himself by setting down his reactions and responses to different subjects. Michel eyquem de montaigne is one of the most influential writers of the french renaissance, known for popularising the essay as a literary genre and is popularly thought of as the father of modern skepticism. Audio 2011-05-23t07:00:00z nonfiction select essays (unabridged) michel de montaigne, one of the foremost writers of the french renaissance and the originator of the genre of the essay, wrote on subjects ranging from friendship to imagination, from language to conscience.
Here, in this unusual collection, are some of the greatest essays in western literature witty, informative and imaginative the topics vary from starvation in ireland, fine china, the extension of railways in the lake district and the tombs in westminster abbey. The complete essays of montaigne (unabridged) audiobook, by michel eyquem de montaigne a faithful translation is rare a translation which preserves intact the original text is very rare a perfect translation of montaigne appears impossible. The complete essays of montaigne [michel de montaigne donald murdoch frame christopher lane brilliance audio (firm) recorded books, llc] -- montaigne was one of . Written by michel eyquem de montaigne, donald m frame (translator), narrated by christopher lane download the app and start listening to the complete essays of montaigne today - free with a 30 day trial.
The complete essays of montaigne, trans donald frame montaigne, michel stanford university, 1965. Michel de montaigne was one of the most influential figures of the renaissance, singlehandedly responsible for popularising the essay as a literary form this penguin classics edition of the complete essays is translated from the french and edited with an introduction and notes by ma screech. The charles cotton translation of some of montaigne's essays: plain text version by project gutenberg essays english audio by librivox the complete, .
Michel de montaigne, one of the foremost writers of the french renaissance and the originator of the genre of the essay, wrote on subjects ranging from friendship to imagination, from language to conscience . Montaigne was born in the aquitaine region of france, on the family estate château de montaigne, in a town now called saint-michel-de-montaigne, close to bordeauxthe family was very wealthy his great-grandfather, ramon felipe eyquem, had made a fortune as a herring merchant and had bought the estate in 1477, thus becoming the lord of montaigne. Free, unlimited access to audio shows after your trial, audible is just £799/month or if you could sum up the complete essays of montaigne in three words . Preface the present publication is intended to supply a recognised deficiency in our literature—a library edition of the essays of montaigne.
Essays by michel de montaigne essays is the title given to a collection of 107 essays written by michel de montaigne that was first published in 1580 montaigne essentially invented the literary form of essay, a short subjective treatment of a given topic, of which the book contains a large number. Montaigne's essays are one of the more enjoyable massive tomes of renaissance writing available, and if reading in english, one has two major modern choices of translation, screech and frame to start with translation: both major translations are excellent in their own way, but some differences are of note. Melvyn bragg and his guests discuss the essays of michel de montaigne born near bordeaux in 1533, montaigne retired from a life of public service aged 38 and began to write.
Michel eyquem de montaigne, lord of montaigne was one of the most significant philosophers of the french renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a l. Considered the first great humanist essayist, michel de montaigne was also the first to use the word “essay” for the casual, often meandering, frequently first-person explorations that now constitute the most prevalent literary form of our day anyone who sets out to write an essay,” notes .
Audio all audio latest this just in grateful dead netlabels old time the complete works of michael de montaigne comprising the essays by montaigne, michel de . Essays of michel de montaigne — complete michel de montaigne 3246 downloads literary and philosophical essays: french, german and italian friedrich schiller, gotthold ephraim lessing, michel de montaigne, immanuel kant, ernest renan, charles augustin sainte-beuve, and giuseppe mazzini 145 downloads. Librivox recording of essays, book 1, by michel eyquem de montaigne michel eyquem de montaigne is one of the most influential writers of the french. | <urn:uuid:441f2758-9fbf-4dd5-8613-93a4b3843048> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://wfcourseworkbtcv.firdaus.info/montaigne-essays-audio.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741491.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113194622-20181113220622-00139.warc.gz | en | 0.909942 | 1,368 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The humanitarian impact of the 2015-2016 El Niño remains deeply alarming, now affecting over 60 million people. Central America, East Africa (particularly Ethiopia), the Pacific and Southern Africa remain the most affected regions.
The El Niño phenomenon is now in decline, but projections indicate the situation will worsen throughout at least the end of the year, with food insecurity
caused primarily by drought not likely to peak before December. Therefore, the humanitarian impacts will last well into 2017. | <urn:uuid:303435f8-b446-40c6-a5af-b0496d847a6b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/el-nino-overview-of-impact-projected-humanitarian-needs-and-response-as-of-02-june-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476211.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303075134-20240303105134-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.903825 | 94 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Since 1963, the Texas School Book Depository has been the center of attention and controversy. The sixth floor window marks the designated spot from which Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President John F. Kennedy during his motorcade ride through Dealey Plaza in Dallas.
In 1989, this infamous landmark became The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza where over six million people have visited since. Located on the sixth and seventh floor of the former book depository, the museum offers information through museum exhibits and collections, about the life of President Kennedy including his assassination.
There are two areas within the museum exhibit that remain as they were found on November 22, 1963: the sniper’s ‘perch’ or square corner window on the sixth floor and the stairwell area where the sniper made their exit and left behind the alleged rifle used in the Presidential assassination.
The collections on display at The Sixth Floor Museum contain over 35,000 items including artifacts plus audio and visual information. Notable items include the film of the Presidential motorcade before and after the shooting as shown in the Abraham Zapruder Collection; the Phil Willis Collection of amateur photographs; KDFW, KTVT, and WFAA Media Collections; as well as the John F. Kennedy Funeral Ephemera Collection.
The gallery at The Sixth Floor Museum offers a permanent exhibit entitled John F. Kennedy and The Memory of a Nation. Through photos, artifacts, and documentary film, the exhibit provides a glimpse into the political atmosphere of the early 1960’s as well the Presidential assassination and the consequences the nation faced afterward.
A variety of special exhibits have been housed at The Sixth Floor Museum throughout the years. The current exhibit on display until October 17, 2010, is A Photographer’s Story: Bob Jackson and the Kennedy Assassination which features the talented journalistic photographs by award-winning artist Bob Jackson.
Besides exploring the museum itself, visitors are invited to use their cell phones to take a guided walking tour of Dealey Plaza and other nearby sites like the controversial grassy knoll. With over twelve stops in total, the Dealey Plaza Cell Phone Walking Tour takes about an hour to complete, however, you can follow it at your leisure.
The Sixth Floor Museum also offers a store and cafe plus its location in the West End Historic District provides great shopping and nightlife. The museum is open daily (except Thanksgiving and Christmas) and visitors should take note that both photography and videotaping are strictly prohibited.
Flickr.com Photo Credit: LAHS Dallas Reunion 2007 by Vlasta2 | <urn:uuid:b1eeff67-c363-497d-b07b-a8f70460d844> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.nileguide.com/destination/blog/dallas/2010/08/10/the-dallas-controversy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657121288.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011201-00318-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951083 | 519 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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