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malloc & free
Malloc & free are available in the kernel. For instance telestrat cc65 target uses its internal malloc function. Anyway, it’s possible to use malloc & free in assembly with kernel primitive.
When the malloc is done, it returns a pointer (or null if it’s not possible to do the malloc). When the process starts malloc is done, but when it stops, the kernel flush all malloc done by this process.
It means that’ free’ is done when the process is finished.
lsmem is a tool which displays malloc table. In normal use, there is always one line “free” displayed. But when you type a command and this command does a malloc call, malloc table is populated. If something is wrong with free primitive, you will see a line “busy” it means that kernel did not free the “chunk”. Free primitive is not perfect and when memory is too much fragmented, kernel won’t release all the ram. The problem is that free primitive is not recursive in all “free chunks”. It could be corrected in the future. | <urn:uuid:33b9a4b9-bcb0-44d2-9f98-4bda4f386e44> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://orix.oric.org/kernel-malloc-free-lsmem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474795.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229071243-20240229101243-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.878513 | 252 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Aliases: Claudio Monteverde
Baptised: 15 May 1567
Died: 29 November 1643
Monteverdi's compositional career spans sixty years from the end of the Renaissance to the early Baroque: like Beethoven two centuries later he was the major transitional figure between two distinct musical eras.
He was the first composer to realise the potential of opera for expressing powerful emotions, and he brought to his church music the musical innovations of his madrigal and instrumental style that he continued to refine throughout his lifetime.
Cookies allow us to personalize content and ads, to provide social media-related features and analyze our traffic. We also share information on the use of our site with our social media partners, advertising and analytics, which can combine them with other information you have provided to them or collected in your use of their services. Learn more and set cookiesClose | <urn:uuid:5051a35a-723f-4844-a2d8-035881752c5e> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.free-scores.com/free-sheet-music.php?artist=0&compositeur=claudio-monteverdi&niveau=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540486979.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206073120-20191206101120-00137.warc.gz | en | 0.967854 | 184 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Communicating with Patients in Healthcare
As communication leaders in our healthcare systems, it is up to us to educate and lead the staff, as well as the physicians, on the best ways to communicate with patients. “Delivering bad news unsettles everybody, not just the patient,” said Dr. Riess, founder of Empathetics.
Delivering bad news is not easy. It takes patience, empathy and a relationship to be able to deliver bad news to a patient. Here are four tips to pass along to staff that will help in communicating with patients.
1. Develop a relationship with the patient. If you develop a personal relationship with your patient, they will develop trust in you. Having that trust between you and the patient will make delivering bad news much easier. They will confide in you to help them and to give them the best options and/or treatments. This relationship will help your patient be at ease.
2. Don’t use medical jargon. It is important to remember your patients are people, they have emotions and they don’t use the same language as healthcare providers. When delivering bad news to a patient, you must explain their condition in the simplest terms. The patient wants and needs to understand what the bad news really means, but if you’re speaking medical jargon to them, they won’t understand.
3. Show empathy. “You need to attend to the fact that this is really serious news and attend to the emotion,” says James Tulsky, chief of Duke Palliative Care at Duke University. As the healthcare provider, you need to show empathy towards the patient when delivering bad news. If you don’t show empathy or your patient doesn’t see you as being empathetic, this could have an impact on the way the patient perceives you as a provider.
4. Deliver news in a quiet, personal area. The patient should feel comfortable when receiving bad news. The environment should assure that the patient is comfortable enough to ask any questions or voice any concerns they may have.
It is important for all staff members to be aware of the communication process between the providers and patients. Everyone within the health system needs to be on the same page and delivering news to patients in the same way in order to provide the best possible care for each patient.
Categorized in: Healthcare | <urn:uuid:92a021c7-586c-4b4f-84f7-29ae645ae1fb> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://acrobatant.com/communicating-with-patients-in-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027319724.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20190824041053-20190824063053-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.946636 | 487 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Questions for ‘Chemists have unlocked the secrets of long-lasting Roman concrete’
To accompany ‘Chemists have unlocked the secrets of long-lasting Roman concrete’
- List at least four different materials that can be used to build structures like houses or office buildings. Put the materials in order of how long you think the structures would last, from shortest to longest.
- Modern concrete buildings are generally expected to have a lifespan of 50 to 150 years. The Pantheon — a nearly 2,000-year-old concrete building — is still standing in Rome, Italy. What factors might lead to its longevity?
- What are the main ingredients in concrete?
- Describe the “hot mixing” process of making cement. What is a feature of the cement made using this process?
- What are the “inclusions” mentioned in this story? Why did Admir Masic’s team think the presence of these inclusions might not be accidental?
- What element is present in inclusions at high levels? Why might that element help concrete last longer?
- Why was it risky for Masic’s team to try hot mixing?
- How did the researchers compare concrete made with and without hot mixing? What results did they get?
- What greenhouse gas does concrete manufacturing produce? Roughly how much does it produce?
- According to Masic, what is one challenge in getting concrete manufacturers to adopt new methods?
- Think about some of the different types of buildings in the city or town where you live. Do all buildings need to last the same amount of time? Why or why not? If not, which types do you think need to have longer lifespans, and why?
- If you were working with Masic’s company, DMAT, how would you encourage builders to buy hot-mixed concrete? Come up with three possible selling points. | <urn:uuid:cbda1e85-119c-4d65-b04a-655accf5bbf5> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.snexplores.org/classroom-question/questions-for-chemists-have-unlocked-the-secrets-of-long-lasting-roman-concrete | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644309.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528150639-20230528180639-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.965917 | 411 | 3.09375 | 3 |
One of our gardeners sent me an image of a butterfly that he wanted to confirm the identity of. We know it’s a butterfly, because it rests with its wings upright and together. Moths lay them flat, so you can see the upper side.
Here is the one in question
This particular butterfly breeds very early in the year, in April and May. When this individual opens its wings, it’s white, with a black spot in the top corners, rather like a small cabbage white butterfly, to which it’s related. But, in this case, that tells us it’s a girl butterfly. The boy butterflies have a bright orange tip to their forewings. It’s an Orange Tip. Even in this position, with the wings upright, you can tell, because nothing else has exactly this green marbling effect that you see on both the boys and the girls.
Right now, they are waiting.
They are waiting for their caterpillars’ food plant to flower and set seed. Egg-laying has to be very carefully timed, because the caterpillar eats almost nothing else – it’s Alliaria petiolata, or Jack by the Hedge, Hedge Garlic, Hedge Mustard, whatever common name you’re used to.
This native wildflower has leaves that smell faintly of garlic when crushed, especially the young ones. You can use it in cooking or in salads. But these caterpillars aren’t after the leaves. They feed on the seed pods. The parents need to ensure that the plant they lay eggs on has a good crop of seed pods to come, and new pods that are young enough for the newly-hatched caterpillar to eat.
Jack by the Hedge is a member of the Brassica family, like rocket, or radish, or cabbages, and ornamentals like aubretia and honesty. Lacking their food plant, caterpillars have been known to feed on honesty seed pods, but success is poor.
I said it eats almost nothing else. The female butterfly usually lays only one egg per plant, because if there is more than one caterpillar per plant, they will eat each other, so they’re not all sweetness and light, it has to be said.
They will feed on the developing seedpods for about a month, and then they will pupate. They will find a suitable place to spin a silken thread to attach themselves to the chosen bit of vegetation. Then, apart from a small node of nerve cells, they will break down their caterpillar bodies into a sort of primordial soup, and reassemble themselves into a butterfly. They will stay as a pupa until next spring, when they will once more start patrolling, looking for a suitable mate and suitable food plants.
It’s a precarious existence. Each butterfly has survived as a single egg, as a caterpillar, and almost a year as a pupa.
So, do check that white-flowered plant that looks a bit like honesty before you weed it up. They need all the help they can get. | <urn:uuid:b27fdf02-4202-4c3c-b05a-8bb4ebf3f6b4> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://thepleasuregardener.blog/2020/04/26/butterfly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657720.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610131939-20230610161939-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.959136 | 649 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Which of these sins is worse: kidnapping and murdering a 6-year-old child, or losing your temper? Since death is the penalty for sin, we could conclude that there is no difference (Rom. 6:23). But aren't we overlooking something? Throughout the Bible, God reveals that some sins are worse than others. After Israel rebelled at Mt. Sinai, Moses said they had sinned a great sin (Ex. 32:30). Since there are great sins, there must be lesser sins. Christ's statement to Pilate validates this conclusion: "Jesus answered, 'You could have no power at all against Me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore the one who delivered Me to you has the greater sin'" (John 19:11). Consider the system of punishment for broken laws in ancient Israel. Were all the punishments equal? No. For example, the punishment for kidnapping was death (Ex. 21:16), whereas the punishment for stealing livestock was their restoration (Ex. 22:1). God's underlying basis for dealing with sin is by the principle of proportionate punishment, in which the punishment fits the crime: "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe" (Ex. 21:24-25). Christ was explicit - certain things are more important! Included are the weightier matters of the law and the great commandments (Matt. 22:35-40, 23:23). So what's the point? Don't fool yourself. Some sins you commit are worse than others. They do more damage to your character and the well-being of others. Put top priority on eliminating them. Extract them from your character. Don't tolerate major sins because you have chosen to work only on minor ones (Matt. 23:24). But don't misunderstand. This is not to say that lesser sins should be overlooked. Jesus was emphatic: "Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 5:19). If you want to be great in God's Kingdom, face all your sins, no matter how big or small. By eliminating them, you will find yourself making rapid progress toward perfection and membership in God's Family. | <urn:uuid:333702f1-81a2-49d9-99dd-29abc8a9ddee> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.hwalibrary.com/cgi-bin/get/hwa.cgi?action=getmagazine&InfoID=1340105655&GetMag=GN | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039491784.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420214346-20210421004346-00155.warc.gz | en | 0.961549 | 495 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Western European state. The population has increased in both large administrative regions defined on a linguistic basis (the Flemish one, Vlaams Gewest / Région flamande, and the Walloon one, Waals Gewest / Région wallonne) which, together with the Brussels-Capital region, articulate the federal system of Belgium. However, the factors behind these increases are fundamentally different. In the Flemish region, the contribution of the foreign population was decisive, rising according to official statistics from 288,375 residents to 481,882 (+ 67.1%) in the decade 2004-14; in the Walloon region, on the other hand, foreigners only increased by 12.6% in the same period. These different trends are explained by the more attractive economic conditions in the Flemish area, which mainly welcomes citizens of those communities from countries without a Belgian or French colonial past (Turks, former Yugoslavs, Poles, Romanians, Chinese, Indians, Pakistanis). Instead, immigrants from French-speaking colonies (Congolese, Moroccans, Algerians, Tunisians) continue to favor Brussels as the gateway to the country.
The different trends in the foreign population are offset by opposite growth rates for the population with Belgian citizenship, which increased much more in the French-speaking area than in the Flemish, with the result that the overall increases in the two areas are quite similar (respectively, 5, 8% and 6.6%). On the other hand, the Brussels-Capital region is growing much more, which statistics, both social and economic, present as an eccentric reality compared to the Belgian context; here the overall increases are much more consistent, with residents growing by 16.4% in the same period 2004-14. Furthermore, one third of foreigners present throughout the Belgian territory are concentrated in Brussels, both from poor countries in search of a better future, both from realities more fortunate to work in one of the numerous structures of the European Union and NATO. The different extraction of this massive foreign presence is among the causes of the contrasts between the central districts of the city, plagued by high rates of unemployment and crime, and the suburban belt, which has the highest wages and housing costs in the whole of Belgium (the municipalities of WoluweSaint-Pierre and Ixelles emerge, located close to the large international offices and federal institutions).
Divisions of Belgium
The expansion of the urban area of Brussels, with its particular linguistic situation, continues to be at the center of political tensions between Flemings and Walloons. Many of its French-speaking citizens, to escape the deterioration of the quality of life and the rising costs of the capital, settle in the district inhabited mainly by Flemings, going to form enclaves linguistics that are beginning to claim their own political representation. For these reasons, the recent separation of the Brussels-Hal-Vilvoorde (BHV) constituency with the establishment of a Dutch-speaking constituency for these last two towns, which is part of the program to strengthen the federal structure of the country sanctioned in 2012, has provoked heated protests among French-speaking citizens, but also discontent among Flemish nationalists, who fear a slow, but inexorable ‘institutionalization’ of the French-speaking presence in historically Flemish areas. In fact, the linguistic division continues to constitute a factor of enormous importance in the political and social life of Belgium, and indeed there is a growing worsening of the political conflict between the communities. However, Belgium confirms itself as a highly urbanized country (97.5 of the total population), but the other cities are very distant from the populous Brussels, which in its metropolitan area is now close to 2 million residents (also by virtue of the presence of organisms of the ‘European Union): Antwerp is the second city, with 510,610 residents, Ghent the third with 251,133. The imbalance is not only demographic and the hypertrophy of the capital is becoming more and more a problem for the country. In fact, this unbalanced urban configuration is reflected in an equally unbalanced economic structure, with the Brussels-Capital region which, firmly connected to the urban, manufacturing and financial complex positioned along the Brussels-Antwerp axis, centralizes much of the advanced economic activity of the Country.
The economy suffered heavily from the international financial crisis that exploded in 2007 and its aftermath continues to be felt. The number of unemployed has grown continuously since 2008, reaching 8.5% in 2013, and the public debt continues to remain among the highest in Europe. Energy needs are still largely guaranteed by nuclear power, but two of the seven reactors currently in operation are expected to shut down in 2015, with the prospect of definitively abandoning nuclear energy production in 2025.
History. – At the turn of the first decade of the 21st century, tensions between the French-speaking region of Wallonia and the Flemish region of Flanders, increasingly oriented towards separatism, deeply shaken Belgian politics. A question of confrontation was above all the hypothesis of splitting the only bilingual electoral district of Belgium, that of Brussels-Hal-Vilvoorde (BHV), into a Flemish and a bilingual college, which the French speakers were opposed to.
The major political forces of Belgium were, in the two Flemish and French-speaking declensions, the traditional Christian-democratic, liberal and social-democratic parties: the CD&V (Christen-democratisch en Vlaams, Christian-democrats and Flemings) and the CDH (Center démocrate humaniste, Humanist Democratic Center); the Open-VLD (Open Vlaamse liberalen en democraten, Flemish liberals and democrats) and the MR (Mouvement réformateur, Reform movement); the PS (Socialist Party, Socialist Party) and the SP.A (Socialistische partij anders, Different Socialist Party). Alongside them, two Flemish parties, nationalist and right-wing, had established themselves: the N-VA (New Flemish alliance, Nuova alleanza fiamminga) e lo xenofobo e antieuropeo VB (Flemish interest, Interest fiammingo). For Belgium 2017, please check mathgeneral.com.
After the elections of June 2007, which saw a bad result of the Open-VLD, the party of Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt, the consultations for the composition of a new government were complicated by the conflicts between the parties on autonomy in fiscal matters and on policies. social to be granted to the regions. They ended only in March 2008 with the formation of a government led by the Flemish Christian Democrat Yves Leterme and supported by CD&V, CDH, Open-VLD, MR, PS.
Having overcome the difficulties caused by the financial crisis that exploded in 2008 – in the medium term, less acute in Belgium than in other European countries – and by the necessary adoption of austerity measures, a government crisis opened in April 2010, due to disagreements between majority parties on the question of the BHV constituency. In the early elections of June 2010, the N-VA emerged as the largest party (17.4%), although the Socialists of the PS (13.7%) and the SP.A (9.2%), together, took more seats.
For the next eighteen months, the parties failed to agree to form a new government. In this period, however, important measures were approved, such as the public debt settlement plan (Sept. 2010) and the prohibition for Muslim women to wear full veils (July 2011), a ban that accentuated tensions with the Islamic community.
In October 2011 the main Belgian political parties (excluding the N-VA) finally reached an agreement on the sixth reform of the state (Accord papillon) and in December, 541 days before the elections, Elio Di Rupo (PS) managed to form a new government, a coalition between PS, SP.A, CD&V, CDH, Open-VLD, MR. With the institutional reform, in addition to the transfer of political and financial powers to the regions, the split of the BHV constituency was also approved (July 2012).
On 21 July 2013, King Albert II abdicated in favor of his son Philip.
Despite the controversy over tolerance towards the far right, the elections of May 2014 rewarded the N-VA (20%), led by the mayor of Aversa Bart De Wever. After a few months of negotiations, in October 2014, a new center-right government (MR, N-VA, CD&V, Open-VLD) took office, led by Charles Michel (MR): a coalition composed, excluding of the MR, by Flemish parties alone which many considered destined for instability.
On the foreign policy front, the international role of Belgium remained important: while the improvement of relations with the United States, which had cracked in 2003 due to the Belgian opposition to the war in ῾Irāq, in 2011 the Belgium participated in the intervention NATO military in Libya. | <urn:uuid:c162e88b-c19e-490f-8f9f-30d58095b39e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.usprivateschoolsfinder.com/belgium-demographics-and-economic-geography/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510454.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928194838-20230928224838-00737.warc.gz | en | 0.953068 | 1,887 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Mausoleum of Augustus was built on the Martian Field, Rome, in 29 BCE by Octavian Augustus as a burial place for myself and my family. It is a building located on the top of an artificial mound, set on a high podium. It may not have a structure as complicated as the Egyptian pyramids, but you could still get lost inside.
It has the shape of a circle with a diameter of 87 meters. The podium structure consists of five vertebrae centrally located around a pole over 44 meters high, which was probably crowned with a bronze statue of the founder, Octavian Augustus. The passage ( dromos) led to the corridor between the third and second (from the inside) ring. The corridor led to the burial chambers. The place for August’s ashes was prepared in the center, inside the pillar. Family members, incl. Octavia, Agrippa, Germanicus, Livia, Tiberius, Caligula and Claudius were buried in the burial chamber between the smallest podium ring and the pillar.
Of course, no imperial remains have survived to this day. The ashes were put in beautifully decorated urns, made of gold or other precious metal, which was an interesting loot for everyone. It is suspected that the urns were probably stolen either by the Visigoths (410 CE) or the Vandals (455 CE) during the capture of Rome or in later times, when the building fell into ruin. The ashes, in turn, were probably simply poured.
The entrance to the Augustus mausoleum was located on the south side. Two Egyptian obelisks stood in front of the entrance, on the sides. The mound itself was covered with earth and topped with a bronze monument to the emperor.
The following personalities are buried in the mausoleum: Marcus Claudius Marcellus in 22 BCE, Marcus Agrippa in 12 BCE, Octavia the Younger in 11 BCE, Druzus the Elder in 9 BCE, Lucius Julius Caesar in 2 CE, Gaius Julius Caesar in 4 CE, Octavian August in 14 CE, Germanic in 19 CE, Druzus the Younger in 23 CE, Livia Druzylla in 29 CE, Agrippina the Elder in 33 CE, Claudius Neron Julius Caesar in CE 31, Tiberius in 37 CE, Caligula in 41 CE, Claudius in 54 CE, Britannicus in 55 CE, Poppea Sabina in 65 CE, Nerva in 98 CE and Julia Domna in 217 CE. | <urn:uuid:cba9a4bf-53d7-4954-abcd-160b06dff347> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/mausoleum-of-augustus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178365454.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210303042832-20210303072832-00526.warc.gz | en | 0.967319 | 527 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Improve Brain Health to Achieve Goals
When you want to get things done, you need to ensure that your brain is in proper working order. Just like the rest of your body, your brain needs to be taken care of to continue to work at an optimal level. Thankfully, there are several simple things you can do to make sure that your brain is fit and healthy. If you start today, you will start noticing a positive difference in your cognitive ability in as little as a week and this will help you to stay focused, increase your discipline and meet all of your goals.
Keep Your Stress Under Control
When you are under a lot of stress, this clouds your ability to think, especially when it comes to critical thinking. You will find that it is harder to make decisions and problem solve. Both of these can significantly hinder your ability to meet your goals. Keeping stress under control is not terribly difficult, but it is an ongoing process. Make sure that you are taking the time each day to relax and give your mind a break from worry. Something as simple as a walk in the park or meditating for 15 minutes can put you and your mind at ease.
Get Enough Sleep
The importance of sleep cannot be stressed enough and the hard truth is that lack of sleep dulls your ability to think and process information. There is a reason that your teachers in school told you to get plenty of rest before a big exam. When you are not getting enough sleep, your brain is not functioning at its highest level. To make sure you are getting enough rest, you want to start a pre-bed routine that takes about 30 minutes and relaxes you. Then, make sure that you are getting between seven to nine hours per night to wake up rested and refreshed.
Give Your Brain Some Exercise
Exercising the body is important, but do not forget to give your brain a workout too. Things like puzzles and brain games help you to increase your ability to think quickly and make decisions. You should do some type of exercise for your brain at least once a day. Each session only needs to last 15 to 30 minutes for your brain to fully benefit.
Give Your Body Some Exercise
When you are fit and healthy, you have a much better chance performing mentally too. Remember that your emotional, physical and mental health are all closely related to one another. Ideally, you want to exercise most days of the week for at least 30 minutes. This exercise should be at least moderately vigorous and enough so that you reach your target heart rate. Throughout the day, you also want to get more exercise by doing things like skipping the elevator in favor of the stairs.
You also need to focus on your strength and flexibility. Since you do not want to stretch until your muscles are fully warmed up, it is best to do your flexibility training after each of your cardiovascular exercise sessions. As for strength, training, it is best to do it every other day. Having a day of rest in between these sessions will ensure that your muscles have time to recover.
Make Sure You Have a Social Life
Staying socially active is something that a lot of people do not think about, but it is probably one of the most important aspects of keeping your brain healthy. People who are regularly social tend to be happier and at a lower risk for depression and anxiety. See your friends at least once a week and use other modes of communication to keep up with people. Even quick phone calls, text message conversations and spending a little time on social media will help to keep you social and in touch with friends and family.
Eat for Your Brain
The foods you eat have a major impact on the overall health of your brain. Remember that your brain is highly complex and that there are a number of nutrients that it requires for all of the processes for work efficiently. Make sure that you are getting a mixture of leans proteins, dairy products that are low in fat, organic fruits and vegetables and a good amount of whole grains. If you have difficulty eating enough each day, talk to your doctor about taking a multivitamin to ensure you are getting enough nutrients.
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Can Meditation Help With Anxiety & Depression? | <urn:uuid:0ed249c2-cd83-4521-aef4-6fb58dcfd2c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.breakthroughpsychologyprogram.com/improve-brain-health-to-achieve-goals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823997.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020082720-20171020102720-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.957323 | 909 | 2.953125 | 3 |
You Can Buy Your Own Black Flame Candle From Hocus Pocus, So Take All of Our Mortal Money. In the 1993 classic, Winifred, Mary, and Sarah Sanderson are brought back from the dead after high school student (and virgin) Max lights the black flame candle.
To create the ‘Black Flame,’ carefully paint the faux flame of your candle first with the gold paint, making sure you cover the entire flame. Once it’s dry, paint just the center with black, feathering out the edges so it looks like the image in the film.
Beside above, what does the black flame candle say? The Black Flame Candle. “Legend says that it will raise the spirits of the dead when lit by a virgin on Halloween Night.”
Also asked, is there a real black flame candle?
Answer: No the flame is a normal flame. It is made to replicate the Black Flame candle from the movie Hocus Pocus.
Is Black Flame possible?
For real: If you shine a low-pressure sodium lamp on a yellow sodium flame, the flame will be black. Flames emits light and heat, so it seems impossible to make black fire. However, you actually can make black fire by controlling the wavelengths of absorbed and emitted light.
How do you make a black candle?
Place a metal pot on a heat source. Don’t use a cooking pot. Melt paraffin wax in the metal pot. Put a candle wick into the candle mold. Add solid black candle color to the hot wax. Measure about 1/2 tsp. Once all of the additives have melted, pour the wax mixture into the candle mold.
How do you make a blue flame candle?
Easy Method of Making Blue Fire Add a small amount of water to copper(I) chloride to dissolve the salt. Soak a flammable material with the copper chloride solution. Allow the material to dry. When you light it or add it to a normal fire you will get blue fire.
How do you make colored flame candles?
Strontium chloride burns red; calcium carbonate burns orange; sodium chloride burns yellow; boric acid burns green; copper chloride burns blue; potassium chloride burns purple; and magnesium sulfate burns white. Fill a small bowl with your chosen chemical, and soak the candle wicks in the bowl.
How do you paint wax candles?
Wipe the candle sides down completely with alcohol to remove some of the oils and sheen from the surface. This process makes it easier for paint to adhere to the wax. Combine equal portions of candle-painting medium and acrylic paint in a small disposable container or on a paper plate, stirring with a paintbrush.
What does a black flame mean?
The Black Flame is our own internal fire. It is the fire of intellect, imagination, and passion. Essentially, to ignite the Black Flame is to become self-aware. The metaphor of Lucifer in religion helps illuminate what the Black Flame exactly is. Lucifer, carrying his own light, is able to shape Hell to his will.
Is Hocus Pocus a book?
Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Hocus Pocus is beloved by Halloween enthusiasts all over the world. Diving once more into the world of witches, this New York Times bestselling two-part young adult novel, released on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 1993 film, marks a new era of Hocus Pocus.
Is Hocus Pocus a Disney movie?
Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American dark fantasy comedy horror film directed by Kenny Ortega and written by Neil Cuthbert and Mick Garris, and it is based on a story by Garris and David Kirschner. The film was released in the United States on July 16, 1993, by Walt Disney Pictures.
Will there be a Hocus Pocus 2?
Hocus Pocus. We must have our lucky rat tail on us because Hocus Pocus could be getting a second life. Hocus Pocus 2 is in the works at Disney+, and Workaholics writer and co-producer Jen D’Angelo has been tapped to pen the script. Collider was first to report.
Can salt turn black?
Salt is a white crystalline solid, sodium chloride. In black salt, those impurities will change the colour; there are at least two varieties commonly called black salt, one which has various naturally occurring impurities turning it black, and one which has added charcoal colouring it.
What color is the hottest flame?
Is fire a plasma?
Fire (flames) may contain plasma, albeit one that is a partially ionized plasma, and dominated by collisions: “Whether a plasma exists in a flame depends on the material being burned and the temperature”. fire) is shown as a plasma.
Why is our shadow black?
Not all shadows are black. When lights of different colors shine on the same spot on a white surface, the light reflecting from that spot to your eyes is called an additive mixture because it is the sum of all the light. | <urn:uuid:d15b4522-aef1-4e57-be73-7f561661482e> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://jasminecrowemusic.com/can-you-buy-a-black-flame-candle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662580803.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525054507-20220525084507-00758.warc.gz | en | 0.906404 | 1,060 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In an organizational structure, “chain of command” refers to a company's hierarchy of reporting relationships -- from the bottom to the top of an organization, who must answer to whom. The chain of command not only establishes accountability, it lays out a company’s lines of authority and decision-making power. A proper chain of command ensures that every task, job position and department has one person assuming responsibility for performance.
The command chain doesn't happen accidentally. Organizational designers lay it out as the last step in creating an organizational structure. Planners first consider a company’s goals since organizational structure must support strategy. Designers next determine the tasks needed to reach the goals. Departmentalization follows as designers decide how to group the tasks. Grouping affects resource sharing and the ease with which people communicate and coordinate work. After departmentalizing, designers assign authority for tasks and areas. Once authority is assigned, planners can finally lay out the relationships between positions, thereby creating a chain of command.
The reporting relationships established in the final step of organizational design are easy to see on an organizational chart, which depicts a company’s structure. Starting at the bottom, each position is connected to one above it by a line. Following the line vertically from position to position reveals the chain of command. Each person is one link in the chain.
Span of Control
A manager may be linked to many or few subordinates. The number of people reporting to a manager is called a manager’s span of control. Managers with wide spans of control have many subordinates, and it’s not possible for a manager to closely examine activity. Consequently, employees under such managers have more authority to perform their jobs and even make decisions than do employees reporting to managers with narrow spans of control.
When a manager has a wide span of control, the organizational chart takes on a horizontal, flattened appearance. Fewer managers are needed in middle management, so the company has less of a power hierarchy. These are characteristics found in organic organizational structures. In organic structures, the chain of command’s importance is de-emphasized, since power is distributed among employees. The chain may only consist of employees and the owner or employees to a manager to the CEO, making for a very short chain of command. Lacking bureaucracy, flat organizations can readily mobilize to meet market conditions.
Managers closely supervising subordinates can only manage a few. These managers have narrow spans of control. Narrow spans require more managers to make sure all employees are properly supervised. These managers must also be managed closely, given their involvement in details and decision-making. This results in tall organizations with several layers of middle management. The chain of command is important and is used to exert control from the top. Many rules govern activities. Such structures are rigid and mechanistic, leaving little room for innovation and creativity.
- Management: Meeting and Exceeding Expectations; Warren R. Plunkett, et al.
- Reference for Business: Organizational Structure
- Pearson Higher Education: Chapter 6 - Organizing the Business
- Dr. Christiane Schwieren: Structure and Culture
- Thinkstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:06bb8f23-c879-432b-bd89-69bea201a86b> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://smallbusiness.chron.com/chain-command-organizational-structure-59110.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171163.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00052-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938139 | 654 | 3.5 | 4 |
Hispanic Heritage Month is celebrated every year from September 15 to October 15. People, organizations, businesses and more take the opportunity to celebrate the rich cultures of Spain, Mexico, Central America, South American and the Spanish-speaking nations of the Caribbean that helped shaped the lives of many Americans today.
In the Tri-City area, it’s the ideal time to recognize those Hispanics and Latinos who’ve had an impact locally. They’ve established flourishing businesses, helped launch and participate in community events like Imlay City’s former Cinco de Mayo celebrations, have vibrant faith communities and contribute to the local workforce, particularly when it comes to agriculture and food processing. The Hispanic Service Center, established several decades ago to help seasonal migrant workers now helps people of all ethnicities meet their basic needs while also helping to maintain and celebrate their organization’s heritage.
In general, the Tri-City area’s
Hispanic population is greater than the state’s average. As of a 2017 U.S. Census estimate, Latinos represented just over 5 percent of Michigan’s 10 million residents. In 2018, Census estimates put Imlay City’s Hispanic population at 29 percent; 23 percent in Capac and seven percent in Almont.
It’s important for people of all backgrounds to embrace and share their cultures with the communities they call home.
To that end, it’s great to see Latino and Hispanic youth celebrating and sharing in honor of this month too. Recently, Weston Elementary students in Imlay City took a deep dive into the life and art of Frida Kahlo. Last year, members of Imlay City High School’s Spanish Club launched their efforts to raise awareness for Hispanic Heritage Month and hosted a trivia event for students that highlighted the lives and accomplishments of famous Hispanics.
We hope that efforts to celebrate Hispanic heritage locally will be ongoing. The kind of diversity we enjoy here makes our community a more vibrant place to live and work. | <urn:uuid:8cf207bc-987d-4c76-8b04-4dbe0f4de470> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://tricitytimes-online.com/2020/10/07/celebrating-hispanic-heritage-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487607143.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20210613071347-20210613101347-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.946338 | 408 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The London 2012 Inspire programme enables non-commercial organisations across the UK to officially link their events and projects to the London 2012 Games.
The promotion of the principles of the Olympic Truce is a core element of the London 2012 Culture and Education programmes. A small number of projects have been recognised as part of the Truce strand of the London 2012 Inspire programme because they promote the principles of the Olympic Truce and complement London 2012’s Olympic Truce programme.
The following case studies are outstanding examples of Truce-inspired projects that use sport or culture to promote peace, conflict resolution and cultural understanding. Find out what other organisations and schools are doing on the theme of Truce to get ideas for your own Olympic Truce-inspired activities:
Sport & Community Integration & Education led by the University of Ulster
Region: Northern Ireland
Sport & Community Integration & Education was the first project to be recognised under the Truce strand of the Inspire programme. This project is based in Northern Ireland and aims to encourage schools, universities and communities to use sport and the excitement of the Olympic and Paralympic Games to encourage leadership, integration and community cohesion. Involving 50 primary schools and several secondary schools, the project will reach thousands of young people across Northern Ireland. All the elements of the project focus on the opportunities to build peace through sport and the potential to engage with other communities through sport.
The primary school programme encourages children from different backgrounds to explore the role of sport in promoting good relations, ultimately bringing them together through multi-schools festivals. The secondary school programme educates participants in sport and good relations, sports leadership and social integration, equality and diversity, and ethnic minority inclusion.
The International Peace Quilt Project led by Rotary Club of Guisborough & Great Ayton
Region: Yorkshire and Humber
The Peace Quilt Project brings together students and teachers from throughout the world to design quilt pieces representing students’ visualisations of peace. The project involves students from each of the 205 Olympic nations learning about the use of sport and culture to bring communities together. All the students and schools involved will learn about other cultures through the unique drawings being created that, while reflecting many different interpretations, also give the same message for peace. Abraham Moss High School in Manchester is in the Get Set network and has taken part in this project for the UK.
Playing for Peace led by Centre for Peace and Reconciliation Studies (CPRS), Coventry University
Region: West Midlands
Coventry University has collaborated with the national Peace Museum in Bradford to create a public exhibition that aims to show the potential role of sport in bringing together international communities. Playing for Peace involves schools from Coventry University’s Phoenix Schools Network to create an exhibition inspired by the Olympic Truce.
Met-Track led by British Athletic Charitable Trust
The project offers athletics as the healthy alternative in life to young people from schools in 22 out of the 32 London boroughs. International athletes, who are also qualified coaches, deliver the training to young people who might not otherwise get the opportunity. The aspiration is to target young people most likely to benefit, given the organisation’s overarching objectives of reducing youth offending and anti-social behaviour. Involving partners from various agencies and clubs to provide participants with a wide range of options, the project rewards effort ahead of attainment, and encourages participation rather than excellence. Any obvious aspiring talent is developed appropriately and referred on.
Hands Around the World led by Creative Peace Mural Society
Region: Northern Ireland
Hands Around the World aims to give young people a chance to express their view of the world through mural making. The approach allows for traditional barriers to be broken down as participants-especially young people-come together to discuss, design, create and celebrate collective views of their community. It also provides the opportunity for young people to share the collective view of their culture on the local, national and international stage, complementing Northern Ireland’s peace process goal of a ‘shared and better future.’
The Creative Peace Mural Society is a cultural organisation aiming to promote international understanding and links through the creation of textile murals. Since its beginning a series of murals have been created in various parts of the world uniting communities in representing their history, geography and culture. The Hands around the World project represents the culmination of the society’s activities.
CitySafe Youth Games led by London Citizens
The CitySafe Youth Games use sport to promote peace by building positive relationships between schools in order to reduce postcode tensions and tackle school rivalries. Students take part in mixed teams and use the opportunity of an annual event to discuss and plan strategies such as setting up CitySafe Zones in their neighbourhoods.
In the lead up to the Youth Games, students from neighbouring schools are involved in joint leadership workshops and are learning new skills to work together with local Safer Neighbourhood Teams and local businesses to promote safety. The Youth Games also seek to connect young people to local sporting opportunities. Partnerships have included London Youth.
Olympic Truce Model United Nations project, led by The United Nations Association of the UK (UNA-UK)
Region: UK Wide
‘Uniting the Nations’ is a national Model United Nations tournament for UK schools. The day-event will be a role-play simulation of a UN General Assembly debate to agree a resolution on the Olympic Truce.
700-800 young people from 150-200 UK secondary schools will be invited to participate in a one day Model UN tournament completely themed around the Olympic Truce. This will require all the participants to research and learn more about the Truce in preparation for the tournament. The whole essence of the project is to promote the peaceful negotiation of solutions to global challenges. The participants will learn more about international mechanisms for multilateral approaches and negotiations. They will gain an understanding of particular conflicts and the deeper issues involved in trying to negotiate between nations to achieve a peaceful solutions. The participants will also directly experience, through their own negotiations and deliberations in drawing up an Olympic Truce resolution for the UN, the processes of having to make compromises and working together – key elements in achieving a more peaceful world. For more information
100 Days of Peace led by London Citizens
CitySafe recognises that young people can be part of the solution to the problem of crime and the fear of crime. The 100 Days of Peace project focuses on creating CitySafe Zones in London. CitySafe Zones are areas where good neighbourliness is promoted through relationship building between schools and shops, involving clusters of local institutions and the police.
London Citizens will work to develop leadership skills of young people to enable them to improve relationship with local businesses, local police and local authorities. Young people are trained in skills of communication, negotiation, and community action. They will also be trained to lead a listening campaign in their school and youth clubs in order to listen to young people about their concerns and solutions around safety in their local communities.
Dignity Seminars, led by Royal Armouries Museum
Region: Yorkshire & The Humber
This project is designed to communicate the value of community cohesion and the lack of value and dignity associated with anti-social behaviour within communities. By taking these messages into challenging community schools, the project aims to promote the values of Olympic Truce, using athletes as role models, to those that need to hear it most.
Build The Truce, led by Imperial War Museum
Region: UK Wide
Build The Truce places strong emphasis on supporting conflict resolution skills– creating neutral spaces, identifying shared values and goals, acknowledging different perspectives, analysing information without bias, and practising communication skills to discuss and deliver opinion effectively. The project sets the Museum as a neutral space for debate and shared learning. Young people will apply skills through new and social media activity, and in their own social communities. Participants will access free resources and programmes, sharing perspectives in online and offline Museum sites.
Striving for Unity; Respecting our cultures ahead of the 2012 Games, led by Hertford County Council
Region: East of England
This project uses sport and the inspiration of the 2012 Games to encourage young people from different communities to come together and participate in football (and variations of the sport – street soccer, futsal etc.) whilst sharing an increased awareness of different cultures and backgrounds within a community. This is intended to reflect the way the Olympic and Paralympic Games bring competitors from around the world together through sport and cultural activities.
We are Human First, led by Peace Parade International
Region: North West
Our project engages young people in activities that promote peace and reconciliation, building of bridges, development of community cohesion and conflict resolution. Through workshops in art, film-making, music, radio broadcasting and writing we encourage and enable young people to develop a consensus of what peace means to them and how they can achieve it in their world and to explore the concept of conflict resolution. Our project is underpinned by the twin drivers of diversity and inclusivity and young people participating in our workshops are drawn from across all communities in Greater Manchester.
Leeds Peace Poetry, led by Together for Peace and the University of Leeds
Region: Yorkshire & The Humber
This is a creative writing project focusing on Truce and the Olympic values of friendship & respect. Workshops delivered by local poets will explore aspects of Truce such as bridging divides between communities or intergenerational divisions.
Sport will also be used as a great example of how individuals, groups and nations can come together and help break down barriers, promote engagement and a better understanding of each other.
2012 Hours Against Hate | 2012 Hours for Unity
2012 Hours Against Hate | Hours for Unity is a project aimed at promoting volunteerism in order to stop bigotry and promote respect across lines of culture, religion, tradition, class, and gender. It is asking young people around the UK to pledge their time to stop hate, prejudice and discrimination and to build projects across different communities (2012 hours per community).
SCFA – Creating Future Champions, led by Spartans Community Football Academy
The Creating Future Champions project takes SFCA’s existing principles of community integration and harmony to another level by introducing an international element, looking at how elite athletes, from participating nations, overcome obstacles and inequalities to achieve their personal goals, and how competing nations can come together to achieve and enjoy a major sporting event through cooperation.
International Network on Peace Building with Young Children led by Early Years – the organisation for young children
Region: Northern Ireland
This project seeks to share and disseminate knowledge and best practice from around the world and use it to up skill educational practitioners who work with young children in areas of conflict. The training and resources are closely linked to themes explored through Get Set Goes Global and the Olympic Truce, ultimately allowing pre-school and primary school practitioners to share these with their students and give them local significance.
Fight for Peace
Project activities are based on FFP’s `Five Pillars’ programme which includes:
1) Sports: Boxing and other martial arts training and competition;
2) Education: Formal and extra-curriculum education programmes;
3) Employability: Access to the work market through job skills training and paid internships;
4) Support services: targeted referral, case work and mentoring support;
5) Youth Leadership: building youth leaders via participation in a Youth Council.
Throughout 2012 there will be various activities surrounding the London Olympic and Paralympic Games. In London the organisation will remain open throughout August when they would normally shut for the summer holidays, in order to run special events to celebrate the London Olympic and Paralympic Games.”
Region: North East
This project will work with groups of young people in some of the most deprived areas of England to ask ‘What would you say if the World were listening?’ Artists will work with the young people over a number of months to provide them with the skills needed to create a piece of work (a performance, an exhibition, a new song etc) which reflects their beliefs and reveals, in a creative way, what the young people want to present as their ‘truce’ to the World.
The project will be filmed and there will be an online site, where groups of young people from different countries are invited to take part in the dialogue and the creative process. The hope is that ‘Truce’ will break down barriers between young people from different places, working together, sharing their views and opinions and creating work which unifies rather than alienates. | <urn:uuid:96d87843-f537-4e51-8829-9e52829c9a01> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120727143109/http:/getset.london2012.com/en/get-set-goes-global/get-set-for-the-olympic-truce/truce-inspired-projects | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131298576.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172138-00273-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936683 | 2,569 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The goals and purposes of this breed standard include: to furnish guidelines for breeders who wish to maintain the quality of their breed and to improve it; to advance this breed to a state of similarity throughout the world; and to act as a guide for judges.
Breeders and judges have the responsibility to avoid any conditions or exaggerations that are detrimental to the health, welfare, essence and soundness of this breed, and must take the responsibility to see that these are not perpetuated.
Any departure from the following should be considered a fault, and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog’s ability to perform its traditional work.
The history of the English Coonhound is the history of nearly all coonhounds. With the exception of the Plott Hound, all of the UKC breeds of coonhounds have a common ancestry that is deeply rooted in the English Foxhound.
The English Coonhound was first registered by UKC in 1905, under the name of English Fox & Coonhound. In those days the dogs were used much more on fox than they are today. The name also reflected the similarity that the breed had to the American Foxhound and the English Foxhound.
The variation in color is another aspect of English Coonhound history. Both the Treeing Walker and the Bluetick Coonhound were originally registered with UKC as English. The Walker was recognized as a separate breed in 1945, and the Bluetick a year later. There are still tri-colored and blueticked English hounds, though redticked dogs dominate in the breed today.
The first mention of hounds in America appears in the diary of one of the men who was with the explorer DeSoto. He also mentions that the hounds were used for the hunting of Indians rather than fox, raccoon or rabbit.
In 1650, Englishman Robert Brooke brought his pack of hounds to America with him. Thomas Walker of Virginia imported hounds from England in 1742, and in 1770 George Washington, an avid fox hunter, had hounds imported from England. These dogs were the foundation of the “Virginia Hounds”, from which the present day English Coonhound was developed.
The Americans adapted the animals to the much rougher American terrain and climate, and, through careful breeding practices, adapted the hounds to American game: raccoon, opossum, cougar and various species of bear.
English hounds have excelled in both performance and conformation. The first major coonhound Field Trial of all time, the first Leafy Oak, was won by an English dog called “Bones”, owned by Colonel Leon Robinson.
The English Coonhound is a dog of strong build, capable of considerable speed and great endurance. He is balanced, graceful and free from exaggeration.
Disqualifications: Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid.
Pleasant and sociable, with strong hunting instincts. Voice is a good hound bawl.
Disqualifications: Viciousness or extreme shyness.
The head is broad between the ears, and of good overall length. Skull very slightly domed. Muzzle is long, deep and square, with enough flew to give the jaw a squared off appearance. Stop is well defined but moderate.
Scissors bite preferred, even bite acceptable. Undershot or overshot are disqualifying faults.
Fairly large and set moderately well apart in skull. Dark brown in color with tight fitting lids.
Large with well-opened nostrils.
Set fairly low on skull, fine in texture and soft to the touch. Fairly long, reaching nearly to the nose when pulled forward.
Nicely muscled, of moderate length, tapering slightly as it rises up out of the withers.
Forelegs set well apart, and are straight and strong, with good bone. Pasterns nearly vertical, but with enough slope to absorb shock. Length of leg from elbow to ground is approximately one-half the height at the withers. Sloping shoulders are clean yet strongly muscled.
Chest is deep, reaching to elbow, and broad. Ribs are well-sprung. Back is straight and strong, never roached. Topline is slightly higher at withers than at hips. Loin is strongly muscled and slightly arched. Underline curves gracefully upward to a moderate tuck up at the flank. Overall proportion (measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks and withers to ground) is square, or slightly longer than tall.
Hips and thighs are strongly muscled, showing drive and power. Stifles are stout and have good angulation. Hock joint has moderate angulation. Rear pasterns are strong and straight when viewed from behind. Dewclaws removed.
Lack of angulation is a highly undesirable feature: i.e., post legged.
Tight, well-arched toes, deep pads, and strong nails.
Moderately set and gaily carried, but never hooked over the back. Medium length, with a small amount of brush acceptable. Never overly long and thin.
A good hard, protective, hound type coat of medium length.
Redtick, bluetick, tri color with ticking, white and red, white and black, white and lemon.
Disqualifications: Any brindle in coat. Albinism. Any color or combination of colors other than described.
Height And Weight
Height at withers for adult males, 22 to 27 inches. For adult females, 21 to 25 inches. Weight should be in proportion to height, keeping in mind the strong build of the English Coonhound.
Eliminating Faults: Males under 22 inches or over 27 inches. Females under 21 inches or over 25 inches. (Entries in Puppy Class are not to be eliminated for being undersize.)
Smooth and effortless, showing great capacity for endurance. Head and tail carried well up.
(A dog with an Eliminating Fault is not to be considered for placement in a bench show/conformation event, nor are they to be reported to UKC.)
Males under 22 inches or over 27 inches. Females under 21 inches or over 25 inches. (Entries in Puppy Class are not to be eliminated for being undersize.)
(A dog with a Disqualification must not be considered for placement in a bench show/conformation event, and must be reported to UKC.)
Any brindle in coat.
Undershot or overshot.
Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid.
Viciousness or extreme shyness.
Any color or combination of colors other than described.
Lacking in adequate angulation: i.e. post legged.
Spayed and neutered dogs may compete in all UKC Licensed Coonhound Events, including bench shows, nite hunts, water races and field trials.
Looking for a Dog?
Note: The breeders on this list are not endorsed by UKC.
Revised January 1, 2016
©Copyright 1980, United Kennel Club | <urn:uuid:cba54c79-f948-405f-8290-8e4a76ae618b> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.ukcdogs.com/enlgish-coonhound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250624328.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200124161014-20200124190014-00055.warc.gz | en | 0.946094 | 1,509 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Université des Lettres et des Sciences Abstract- The present paper is a descriptive study on the nature of the types of code-switching and code-mixing found among Songhay speakers of French. Growing up on the out skirts of Philadelphia and a father with a sensitive job, requiring him to pack up and move in a moment's notice, my family moved in excess of two dozen times. Another example is the word ((بشرى which is typed as (بشرا) in many cases because the former takes time to be found while the latter is there in the front. What are the types and most frequently used type of code-switching? The findings indicate that Code-Switching and Code-Mixing influence student’s failure to learn English language, creates lack of confidence in speaking, limit students practice in speaking English language, retarded the ability of students to master English language and … Whole-page-translation tools are of limited utility. 22 Sept 2011
Her ability to seamlessly code-switch from one mode to another confused my sisters and me and endlessly amused my father. While the proponents believe that the presence of code-switching in one side is considered as an asset to teach language, the opponents see it is as merely an obstacle to … If you do not use your verbal skills and networking, it will disappear rapidly. Code Switching: A Daily Habit
Consequently a MT system can provide a foreign language learner with enough vocabulary whatsoever the language he/she is trying to learn. ➨Proper design and configuration is needed in order tohandle multicast packets. Code-switching is the interference of words, phrases and sentences from two diverse grammatical (sub) systems across sentence boundaries within the same speech. Introduction This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching. In this essay, I will discuss both advantages and disadvantages of code-switching in classroom. (Koehn, 2010, p. 56). 2 Pages, Bokamba, a professor of Second Language Acquisition at the University of Illinois defines.
CODE MIXING:Code-mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the sameoral/written text. Title of Article: Codeswitching:Instructor Use Of L1 In ESL Classrooms If we want to limit speech because of harm then we will have to ban a lot of political speech. Following are the disadvantages of Switches:➨They are more expensive compare to network bridges. Year : 2013 African American Vernacular English, Linguistics, African American 1525 Words | One is that it is too narrow; the other is that it is too broad. Code-switching is an inevitable phenomenon in ESL / EFL classrooms. A striking example is the company Enron, which had an inspirational sounding code of ethics … which was obviously ignored, since the company collapsed as a result of massive mismanagement, taking with it the livelihoods of tens of thousands of ordinary people. Year : usually, since, eventually, and, however, in fact, in conclusion, nevertheless Title of Article: Code Switching as an Interactive Tool in ESL Classrooms Code switching is a surviving skill that some bilingual people and students encompass, sometimes to compensate for the lack of vocabulary in a certain language. Abstract. scholars on code-switching and code-mixing are examined. Flanagan (2009) states that SMT is a more dominant approach that is usually used in commercial translation engines such as Google Translate (p. 31). Code Switching could be used as a stimulus for further development of children’s home language in the home context. There are three types of machine translation system: rules-based, statistical and hybrid machine translation. Also, Malik in … These MT systems are not just helpful in knowing a word 's meaning but also useful in acquiring new vocabulary. It is now commonplace for many universities across the world to teach courses in English as well the native language of their country. Title of Article: Codeswitching in ESL Teaching Multilingualism, French language, Spanish language 2809 Words | 842 Words 4 Pages. Introduction (52) Julianne E. Hammink comments that code switching is often viewed negatively. for example, in the Arabic keyboard, there are some letters that cannot be typed unless the user holds the key and choose the correct letter or press another key to be able to type it. It is defined as language alteration between two languages, transferring from one language to another in the course of a conversation (Brice, p. 10) In the teaching field, Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: What is the frequency of, StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes. Anthony Hughes ENG 111: Leigh Gardner Assignment #1, Final Copy 22 Sept 2011 Code Switching: A Daily Habit Code switching is a part of everyone’s daily life. • notwithstanding Every time another move came about, came with it new challenges, social challenges that instigated change within myself. Programming language, Music genre, Jazz 1528 Words | Advantages And Disadvantages Of Code Switching. Disadvantages Of Code Switching. With the Internet, translation software can help non-native-speaking individuals understand web pages published in other languages. (p.2) The key words are: code-switching, code-mixing, borrowing, nonce-borrowing and re-borrowing / double-plural. Premium Code switching is a part of everyone’s daily life. (Gumperz, 1982) Verbal communication cannot be lost because of a lack of skill. 5 Pages. Among them are Amuda (1989), Atoye (1994) and Belly (1976). Premium Journal Title and Vol Number : - The ability to listen and learn is key to mastering the art of communication. Family, Mother, Father 992 Words | What is code-switching? This phenomenon is referred to as code - switching. Disadvantages Of Code Switching Disadvantages Of Code Switching. The notion of executive control In terms of a working definition, executive control refers to mechanisms guiding goal- oriented behaviour. Some current MT softwares provide more than just a translation of a word into a target language, they provide the user with words and their synonyms, acronyms andeven pronunciation. Code Switching happens when a person that speaks two languages mixes them, or say borrows words from one language, to be clearer and more effective in his/her communication. (such as English) to another (such as Arabic) Nowadays, science and technology are advancing by strides. This article, based on a study conducted at four senior secondary schools, discusses the role of code-switching (CS) in the classroom in Botswana where the Language in Education Policy (LiEP) of 1994 states that English is the sole official language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in schools, including senior secondary schools (Government of Botswana 1994). It was common to use Ebonics, or African American English, as the primary linguistic code in rap as it is the form of English that was predominantly used in North America when modern rap came into being. Advantages of Gray Code In Gray code, if we go from one decimal number to next, only one bit of the gray code changes. Korea, Japanese language, English language 1810 Words | Journal Title and Vol Number : - It was common to use Ebonics, or African American English, as the primary linguistic, vocabulary in a certain language. There are two basic responses to the harm principle as a means of limiting speech. (congruently) realized by one type of language pattern get realized by other less typical or metaphorical (noncongruent) linguistic, Transitional words and phrases contribute to the cohesiveness of a text and allow the sentences to flow smoothly. It means that people are easier to explain particular term with particular language, because they think with particular language it will be easier to be understood. Matthiessen (1995) discusses grammatical metaphor as a way of expanding the semantic potential of the system; also Thompson (1996) defines it as the expression of a meaning through a lexical- grammatical form which originally evolved to express a different kind of meaning. Premium For example, if a student is stuck on remembering one word, consider allowing her to substitute the word in her native language in order to continue the conversation. My momma is a fluent code-switcher. ➨Network connectivity issues are difficult to betraced through the network switch. ➨Broadcast traffic may be troublesome. Language, English language, Education 898 Words | area, but Melody tries to communicate using her second language more often. Speech, Reason, Second language 370 Words | multilinguals tend to switch languages within the sameutterance. • accordingly Without transitional phrases, a text will often seem disorganized and will most likely be difficult to understand. ➨If switches are in promiscuous mode, they are vulnerable to security attacks e.g.spoofing IP address or capturing of ethernet frames. In other words, it does not use the sentence example directly, but rather uses derived units from the data. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. ... • The application server is used basically to improve the performance through the usage of the true machine code. "Code-Switching"
4 Pages. Code-switching refers to the linguistic phenomenon that occurs when an individual who is either, bilingual or multilingual, alternates their dialect with various languages (Moodley, 2013:55). All over the world a lot of, messages, often in figurative and poetic forms. It is the process by which computer software is used to translate a text from one natural language Author : Robert Van Benthuysen For her, the conventional view of code switching implies that speakers make binary choices, operating in one code or the other at any given time, when in fact code switching overlaps with other kinds of bilingual mixture, and the boundaries between them are difficult to establish. “Why is Momma talking like that?” we would ask. Code Switching is the passage from one linguistic code to another one within the same discourse or, to be more precise, “the juxtaposition within the same speech exchange of passages of speech belonging to two different grammatical systems or subsystems. Chapter Three discusses the research design and the data-collection methods. Interactive translations with pop-up windows are becoming more popular. Type, College, Student 277 Words | Vol Number : - Premium Botswana’s LiEP is also discussed with respect to language planning, education and educational development. 1.1. study aims to determine the code-switching used among students leaders of the different colleges in Capitol University. This latter view is not often expressed because, as already noted, most people think that free speech should be limited if it does cause illegitimate harm. Disadvantages of Code-Switching Threat to regional / national language - Code- mixing often precedes language shift/death Weakens language competency in writing – register Exclusion of someone from conversation – Monolinguals hate code-switching Code-mixing is a marker of education, religion, geographical origin, caste in some areas. Vol Number : - move in a moment's notice, my family moved in excess of two dozen times. Premium What are the pragmatic functions and most frequently used pragmatic function of code-switching? (Bokamba, 1989). This condition leads them to do code switching and code mixing.3. Today most of MT systems are multilingual, they are programmed with more than just two languages. Understanding the Nature of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing of Songhay Speakers of French By Dr. Ibrahima bdoulaye & Dr. Mohamed Minkailou. • conversely Author : Mohamed El Mamoun Abdel Magid & Abdelrahim Hamid Mugaddam Constantly torn between friends, family and school life, I had evolved to be a routine that I came to learn in... Hamid Mugaddam Two quote “Technology is a compulsive and addictive way to live. Code switching is most obvious when used in bilingual classrooms, English as a second language classes, and in classes where bilingual students may be present. Code switching is one of the issue... Free 4 Pages. In the current global economic climate, the ability to speak English has become an important business tool. 6 Pages. This document is intended for: X Teaching staff to develop their knowledge about code switching and use the exercises to refine their own skills As Iqbal (2011) shed light on code-switching as a natural, creative and innovative way of communication among bilingual teachers in Pakistan where it is used as a technique for facilitating students in classrooms. Halliday (1985: 1994) referred to grammatical metaphor (GM) as the non congruent ways of encoding language. What is, and more effective in his/her communication. Moving to the syntactic features, it is also noticeable that both English and Arabic documentary texts are restricted to a complex syntactic level. Simply, nominalization is a process by which a verb phrase is transformed into a noun(Chomsky,1968,p.2). Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of Code Switching Introduction Communicative strategies are systematic techniques employed by a speaker to express his meaning when faced with some difficulty and the difficulty here refers to the speaker's inadequate command of the language used in the interaction (Faerch & Kasper, 1983:16). Teaching Code-Switching
Premium In this sense, grammatical metaphor is defined by Eggins (2004) as “the situations where meanings typically Premium In 1956, the Education Review Committee aimed to establish multicultural education systems that support other languages since Malaysia have multilingual communities and English becomes part of it. Premium Stanojević(2011) also explains that documentary language often uses nouns that derived from verbs instead of using verbs. •, Several scholars have attempted to define code-switching. ➨While limiting broadcasts, they are not as good as routers. Year : 2013 This in itself took an enormous toll on the well-being of the family. George Kateb (1996), however, has made an interesting argument that runs as follows. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Code Switching 1040 Words | 5 Pages. Year : 2013 This in itself took an enormous toll on the well-being of the family. Vol Number : Vol.2,No 2; Soudi et al. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of language-contact phenomena and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons. English as a second language status in Malaysia has been complemented through wide use of English in the social setting as well as the education setting. • moreover ... Code switching can cause people to believe that the person learning the new language will not be able to communicate properly. Vol Number : Vol.2,No 2; Author : Niklas Berg Author : Niklas Berg Machine translation (MT) is automated translation. Disadvantages Of Code Switching multilinguals tend to switch languages within the sameutterance. Premium [...] themixing of words, phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (sub) systems across sentence boundaries within the same speech event' Consider using additional transitions where appropriate: Anthony Hughes
For example, the previously mentioned example of (انشاء الله). Quirk et al(1985) defines nominalization as “ a noun phrase that has a systematic correspondence with a clausal prediction which includes a head noun morphologically related to a corresponding verb” (p.1288). Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. The entire procedure for the current research constitutes the third section, while the fourth one contains the conclusion in which the afore-mentioned implication is explicitly stated. 7 Pages. Assignment #1, Final Copy
We have solutions for your book! Eyamba Bokamba, a professor of Second Language Acquisition at the University of Illinois defines code-switching as, ' What she does some times when she needs to communicate with others, is what is referred to as Code-Switching. English has essentially become the “universal second language” of the international labour market, and the socio-economic significance of this cannot be overstated (Light, 2007: 9). Therefore, from the results of the data, the writer concludes that the code switching and code mixing are useful for some occasions and it still exists until. code switching, above all between English and Spanish, is interpreted as a linguistic deficit that reveals the lack of proficiency ofthe speaker in both languages. An investigation of code-switching in English classes at the University of Danang- College of … 12 Pages. 7 Pages. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Code Switching. It is a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages areused. The following transitional phrases were found in your document: 2. The Pros And Cons Of … Power, Language, Working class 1005 Words | Every time another move came about, came with it new challenges, social challenges that instigated change within myself. Copyright © 2020 IPL.org All rights reserved. The simple toolkit serves you comprehensively with many advantages. Author : Robert Van Benthuysen However, in the larger culture of hip-hop, rap is the linguistic code that is used in an artistic manner to convey messages, often in figurative and poetic forms. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: What is the frequency of code-switching of the student officers of the various student body organizations in Capitol University? When these special words are used, they provide organization within a text and lead to greater understanding and enjoyment on the part of the reader. It integrates a word-level alignments and phrasal alignment as well, taking into account source text words, phrase co-occurrence, etc. These tools show one or more possible equivalents for each word or phrase. code-switching on executive control is made by combining insights from linguistic models with findings from language and cognition studies. Ph.D. Elida Tabaku Faculty of Foreign Languages ... tongue in the English classes, the reason of its use and the advantages and disadvantages of code switching in the language class. Congruent forms are the natural ways that language encodes the meaning they express; the non –congruent ways of encoding language are viewed as metaphorical expression or grammatical metaphor. Gloria Anzaldua expressed how she used code switching in her story “How to Tame a Wild Tongue.” Anzaldua grew up in Texas, near the Mexico border, to a Mexican-American family. ENG 111: Leigh Gardner
Code-switching is then one phenomenon that results from bilingualism and multilingualism. code-switching, such as language proficiency (e.g., gaps in the lexical repertoire of the speaker), language prestige and power, social, political, and cultural loyalty and cohesiveness (identity), and/or for simple habitual and convenience reasons, such as Her family primarily spoke Spanish, but while at school and in the community, they had to speak English, the accepted language of America (Anzaldua 530). Firstly, nominalization is one of the most striking features in documentary English and Arabic. As an example, in the word (إقرأ ), the user seems to type the word as ((اقرا because it is easier and quick. For instance, Hymes (1974) defines only code-switching as “a common term for alternative use of two or more languages, varieties of a language or even speech styles” while Bokamba (1989) defines both concepts thus: Code-switching: Beliefs and Attitudes of Albanian pre service English teachers Prof.Asc. X understand code switching by children and teachers, and X identify and implement effective program policies and practices that promote children’s development and school readiness. These varieties of a letter seem to be nearly missed in online discourse. Allowing code switching as a bridge between familiar and unfamiliar vocabulary often helps students get more comfortable conversing spontaneously in the target language. Year : Language education, Language acquisition, Linguistics 1162 Words | Title of Article: Codeswitching in ESL Teaching These Code-switching is meaningful in the same way that choice of style in a short story is meaningful, and it is quite natural in many multicultural communities, where it becomes a register in its own right, a mode of expression in many informal situations, applied to avoid defining the social situation in terms of either language and culture. Code-switching in the classroom should not be considered as a failure to teach in the target language, but it should be considered as a resource in the classroom. Title of Article: Codeswitching:Instructor Use Of L1 In ESL Classrooms Gloria Anzaldua expressed how she used code switching in her story “How to Tame a Wild Tongue.” Anzaldua grew up in Texas, near the Mexico border, to a Mexican-American family. in addition to rap. Ahmad and Jusoff (2009) Aguirre (1988), Hudelson (1983) and Olmedo-Williams (1983) found Code Switching to be an effective teaching and communicative technique which could be used among bilingual learners. Today, English had becomes an international language and unofficially second language in Malaysia since most people used it. Year : 2013 2 Pages. "Machine translation provides a solution to the challenges of both market cost-efficiency and fast-paced information generation, allowing a higher throughput of translation for a fraction of the price of human translation"YANISHEVSKY(2009) Furthermore, the need to be quick is an important factor that affect the orthography of a language. 4 Pages. “The closer we get to Parsons, the more ‘countrified’ your momma gets,” he’d say with a gleeful chuckle, patting her affectionately on the knee. • consequently The most striking features in documentary English and Arabic responses to the harm principle as means! 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Common to use Ebonics, or African American 1525 Words | 4 Pages premium multilingualism French. | <urn:uuid:b6d166c4-eee4-4492-b074-74300ea60860> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://www.richmediahouse.com/double-bed-ejgppo/ca26b0-disadvantages-of-code-switching | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662520817.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517194243-20220517224243-00486.warc.gz | en | 0.930628 | 5,547 | 2.609375 | 3 |
How Many Dentists Are Needed in 2040?
Co-Founder and Clinical Instructor, Dr. Craig Herre, shares with us this industry article on the projected number of dentists needed in 2040.
This 2017 article examines some of the factors likely to impact the number of dentists needed in 2040 – the oral health of the population, changes in the utilization of dental services, new technologies, the growth of large capital dental group practices, and the demand for dental care.
Based on ADA estimates, there will be about 240,000 dentists in 2040 if current trends continue, with an estimated surplus of dentists varying from 32% to 110%.
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We teach the importance of, and how to achieve, stable condylar position, and how to restore the chewing system for optimal function and maximum esthetics utilizing minimally invasive techniques that preserve the maximum amount of precious tooth structure. We also brought on airway expert, Dr. Mary Burns, to teach an airway component as obstructive sleep apnea has been deemed by the Centers for Disease Control as an epidemic in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:8b595d15-fdaf-4c13-8b03-f1fc9f1cffa0> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://thestewartcenter.com/how-many-dentists-2040/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347390442.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200526015239-20200526045239-00017.warc.gz | en | 0.901078 | 242 | 2.5625 | 3 |
BERTOLT BRECHT – German playwright, Bertolt Brecht is a pioneer in the art of contemporary theater. He theorized the epic theater and the process of distancing. He is at the origin of several well-known plays such as L’Opéra de quat’sous or La Vie de Galilée.
Short biography of Bertolt Brecht – Born in 1898 into a bourgeois family in the German Empire, Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht began writing at an early age. World War I broke out in 1914, and the young Bertolt published several poems to encourage the German troops. His perspective on war changes dramatically when he understands its atrocities. He began studying philosophy, then medicine, probably so as not to fight at the front. He was called up in 1918 as a nursing aide at Augsburg Military Hospital, where he faced lives shattered by war. This experience marked him and influenced his work. Bertolt Brecht began at this time writing plays such as Baal, for which he was awarded the Kleist Prize in 1922. The same year, he married Marianne Zoff (1893-1984). He then worked as an assistant director at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin in 1924. He divorced and began an affair with Helene Weiglel (1900-1971) who became his second wife in 1929, an Austrian Jewish actress. He begins to take an interest in the ideas of Karl Marx. His room The Quat’sous Opera (1928) was successful and internationally renowned.
Faced with the rise of Nazism in the early 1930s, Bertolt Brecht and his wife left Germany for Denmark, then Sweden and Finland. His plays were banned, then burned during the fireworks on May 10, 1933. His German nationality was withdrawn in 1935. During World War II, he left for the United States. Sympathizing with Marx’s ideas, he feared McCarthyism and arrived in Switzerland. He returned to East Germany (GDR) in 1948. Bertolt Brecht was at the origin of the epic theater and the process of distancing. He founded alongside his wife a theater, the Berliner Ensemble, in 1949. He supported the popular and workers’ insurgencies in the GDR of June 1953. In 1955, he received the Soviet equivalent of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Stalin Prize for the peace. He died in 1956 in East Berlin.
Bertolt Brecht has a very particular point of view on the theater. It moves away from traditional dramatic theater, where character identification and feelings are key concepts. the epic theater (or dialectic) of Brecht is characterized by a pronounced recoil of the spectator on the action, in order to allow the latter to reflect on what he sees. Thus, a person who watches a play by Brecht must question himself, ask himself questions and dissect the action that is delivered to him. This process, which he theorizes in his Small organon for the theater (1948) under the name of distancing, is inseparable from the dramaturgical work of Bertolt Brecht. For him, the viewer should not be absorbed by the room to the point of no longer being able to issue any judgment or critical opinion on it. He must realize that he is watching a show. Brecht sees the theater as a way to educate, he wants his audience to question themselves and be active during the performance. The same goes for actors who do not have to fully immerse themselves in their role. According to him, they are more interested in taking some distance from the text and their character, in order to be able to better appropriate their attitudes or even their intonations. This concept has a name: the gestus. Finally, Bertolt Brecht gives an important place to the framework and to the choice of the decorations of his rooms. He gives a very special place to sound and musical atmospheres, which explains his collaboration with renowned composers such as Kurt Weill or Paul Dessau.
In total, Bertolt Brecht wrote and directed nearly thirty plays. He was 20 when he started writing Baal (1918-1919) which tells the daily life of a cursed poet consumed by lust. The first play that earned Brecht critical recognition is Drums in the night (1919-1920) which was inspired by the repression of the Spartacist uprising in Berlin. It was in 1928 with The Quat’sous Opera that Brecht’s fame becomes international. In this play, the action takes place in the district of Soho in London, the ground of confrontation between two rival gangs. During the autodafés of 1933 after the accession to power of the Adolf Hitler regime, Bertolt Brecht’s plays were burned because they were deemed to be contrary to Nazi ideology. Deeply marked by the atrocities and absurdities of the two world wars, Brecht denounces them in Mother Courage and her children (1941) and in Schweyk in WWII (1943). He also adapted in his own way older pieces like The Life of Edward II (1923-1924) or Antigone (1947-1948). He is the originator of a theatrical biography praising scientific truth, The Life of Galileo (1938). We can also cite Master Puntila and his valet Matti, a play that illustrates the class struggle and in which the ideas of Karl Marx emerge.
Although having devoted his life to dramaturgy and the directing of plays, Bertolt Brecht tried his hand at other art forms. He wrote several poems, the first being addressed to soldiers during his youth. He continues to write some for himself, but none of them will achieve the success of his theatrical work. We can cite The children’s crusade (1939), Buckow’s Elegies (1953-1954) or even The poem to the young. Bertolt Brecht also tried his hand at writing novels and collections, with Almanac Stories (1949) or The Affairs of Mr. Julius Caesar, a story centered on a slave of Julius Caesar who tells the life of his master. This book, started around 1938 during his exile, will never be completed.
Bertolt Brecht has participated in the writing of film scripts for cinema. Among the most famous, Frozen bellies (1932) was censored in Germany because it was seen as communist propaganda. It tells about the difficulties encountered by German workers living near Lake Müggelsee in Berlin. Brecht plays the main role. During his exile in the United States, he wrote the screenplay for a film directed in 1943 by Fritz Lang, The executioners also die. The film takes place in Prague and tells the story of a Czechoslovak doctor wanted for the murder of a Nazi officer. Finally, Brecht is at the origin of the words of a well-known german worker song, the Einheitsfrontlied (“Song of the united front”) in 1934. It was sung for the first time in 1937 by Ernst Busch, a friend who collaborated with him on many plays.
- February 10, 1898: Birth of Bertolt Brecht
- Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was born on February 10, 1898 in Augsburg, Bavaria (German Empire). He is the son of Berthold Friedrich Brecht (1869–1939), commercial director of the Haindl paper mill, and Sophie Brecht (1871-1920). He has a younger brother, Walter Brecht (1900-1986), who in 1931 became professor at the Darmstadt University of Technology in the department of paper engineering. Born into a wealthy and pious family, the young Bertolt Brecht was brought up according to Protestant precepts. He also suffers from several health problems, mainly cardiac.
- August 14, 1956: Death of Bertolt Brecht
- Bertolt Brecht died on August 14, 1956 in East Berlin in the GDR of a heart attack. He leaves behind several children. His daughter Hanne Hiob (1923-2009), from her first marriage to Marianne Zoff, becomes an actress and sometimes plays in her father’s plays. His son Stefan Brecht (1924-2009), born of his second marriage to Helene Weigel, follows in his father’s footsteps by engaging in poetry and the criticism of plays. His second daughter Barbara Brecht-Schall (1930-2015) is also an actress. Bertolt Brecht’s body is buried in Berlin in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery. | <urn:uuid:47086f63-34be-4260-b5bf-10f03180dc17> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://cvvnews.com/biography-of-the-founder-of-the-epic-theater/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662522284.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518151003-20220518181003-00180.warc.gz | en | 0.976477 | 1,777 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy in Children
What is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in children?
Emery-Dreifuss [EM-uh-ree DRY-fuhs] muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is one of the muscular dystrophies. These are a group of rare, inherited muscle diseases (myopathies). EDMD causes weakness in your child’s shoulders, upper arms, and calves. The disease also causes stiff joints that can’t move well (contractures). Sometimes it affects the heart’s electrical system. The name of the disease refers to the two doctors who first described it in the 1960s.
Symptoms usually appear at about 10 years of age and slowly get worse. EDMD usually affects boys, but girls also can get some forms of the disease.
What causes Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in a child?
EDMD has several forms. All of them are caused by changes (mutations) in genes that make 3 proteins in muscle cells. These proteins are part of the envelope (membrane) around the nucleus in muscle cells. The nucleus is the sac within cells that contains the genes. A mutation in any one of these proteins can cause EDMD.
Parents can pass EDMD down to their children in different ways:
The most common form of EDMD is X-linked. This means that the changed gene is on the X chromosome. Chromosomes contain genes and are in the nucleus of your cells. Only boys get this form of EDMD. Girls have two X chromosomes, one from each parent. Boys get one X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father. Because a boy only has one copy of the changed gene, a mutation means that he will not have enough of the protein to keep his muscles working well. A girl with the gene defect usually gets enough normal protein from her other X chromosome. But she will be a carrier for the mutation and can pass it on to her children.
Another form of EDMD affects both boys and girls, and either parent can pass this form down to his or her children. The term for this kind of inherited pattern is autosomal dominant. In this case, a parent with the disease has a 1 in 2 chance of passing it on to each of his or her children.
A rare form of EDMD happens when a child inherits a mutated gene from both parents (autosomal recessive). Both boys and girls may have this form.
All 3 forms of EDMD have similar symptoms. Researchers are still trying to understand the connections between these defective proteins and the muscle weakness in EDMD.
What are the symptoms of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in a child?
Children usually show signs of EDMD by 10 years of age. You may first notice “toe-walking” or waddling. Common symptoms include:
- Weakness and wasting (atrophy) of muscles in the shoulders, upper arms, and calves
- Stiff joints that make it hard to move around. The joints are often in the elbow, neck, heel, and spine.
- Muscle weakness that slowly gets worse
- Fainting or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations) because of heart problems. These are usually seen by age 30.
The muscle weakness in EDMD gets worse very slowly, and many people are still able to walk late in life. Some people may eventually need a wheelchair or other help getting around.
How is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy diagnosed in a child?
Your child’s doctor will start by taking a health history, and ask about recent symptoms, past health conditions, and family health history. The doctor will do a physical exam. Your child may need tests, including:
- Blood tests, for muscle enzymes such as creatine kinase
- DNA blood tests, for EDMD changes
- Electromyography, to measure the electrical activity of the muscles
- MRI, to see the pattern of muscle damage
- Muscle biopsy, to look at the muscle cells or confirm a diagnosis
- Electrocardiogram, to look for possible effects on the heart
Your child may first see his or her primary doctor and later be referred to a neurologist. Some neurologists have special training to treat neuromuscular diseases such as EDMD. Your child may also need to see other providers such as cardiologists and physical therapists. Your child’s doctor may also refer your child to an MDA clinic. This place has a healthcare team trained to help treat with this disease.
How is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy treated in a child?
Treatment for EDMD focuses on supportive treatment. Physical therapy is a key part of managing the condition. Your child may need certain treatments, such as:
- Range-of-motion and stretching exercises. These help limit problems with stiff joints.
- Surgery to release contracture. This may also help with mobility. Your child may need several surgeries.
- Heart medicine to treat cardiomyopathy
- Pacemakers or other heart devices. These lower the risk for sudden cardiac arrest.
- Breathing devices such as a ventilator machine. Your child may need these if his or her breathing muscles are affected.
What are the complications of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in a child?
Heart problems are the most common complication in EDMD. Most people with the condition have some heart problems by age 30. People with EDMD need to be closely monitored. Problems can include:
- Irregular heartbeat. This is caused by problems sending electrical signals from one part of the heart to another. It can cause slowed heartbeat or missed heartbeats. Your child will need checkups at least once a year for irregular heartbeats or other heart problems. This is true even if your child has no symptoms. Your child may need a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to reduce the risk for complete heart block or sudden cardiac arrest.
- Stretched and weakened heart muscle (dilated cardiomyopathy). This can make it hard for the heart to pump enough blood through the body. Your child may need medicine such as beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
- Muscle weakness. This usually gets worse over time. It may spread to involve the hips and other muscles throughout the body.
- Stiff joints that are difficult to move (contractures). Your child may need aids such as canes, braces, a walker, or a wheelchair.
- Breathing problems. These are caused by weakened breathing muscles. A positive pressure respirator can help give your child enough air flow.
Key Points about Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in children
- EDMD is a rare genetic muscle disease that slowly causes weakness in the shoulders, upper arms, and calves. It also causes stiff joints.
- EDMD usually shows up at about 10 years of age. The most common form of EDMD only affects boys, but other forms affect both boys and girls.
- Heart problems are common in EDMD. A child with EDMD needs to be tested at least every year. You may need medicines or devices such as a pacemaker.
- Physical therapy can help keep flexibility and range of motion.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:
- Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.
- Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
- At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.
- Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child. Also know what the side effects are.
- Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.
- Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
- Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
- If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
- Know how you can contact your child’s provider after office hours. This is important if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.
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4291High tea baby shower ideas – 10 ways to have a High tea baby shower party!
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3617Unique baby shower guest book ideas | <urn:uuid:ef16ed1e-1655-4a6c-858e-cb2b187ff27d> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://omega-center.org/glossary/emery-dreifuss-muscular-dystrophy-in-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912207146.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190327000624-20190327022624-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.90782 | 2,148 | 3.84375 | 4 |
A consortium of nine research groups, coordinated by CRAG scientists (CSIC Professor Pere Puigdomenech and IRTA Researcher Jordi García-Mas), reported the genome sequence of melon (Cucumis melo), an important horticultural crop worldwide. Melon belongs to the cucurbitaceae family, which contains other important crops as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), watermelon (Citrulus lanatus) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo).
375 Mb of the double-haploid melon line DHL92 were assembled in 1,599 scaffolds, and 27,427 protein-coding genes were predicted from the assembly. 87% of the genome assembly was anchored to 12 pseudochromosomes by using a SNP genetic map. The phylome of melon was also obtained: 22,218 phylogenetic trees containing melon genes and ortologous and paralogous sequences from 22 plant species. An exhaustive analysis of the genome sequence did not show recent whole-genome duplications in the melon lineage since the known ancient eudicot gamma triplication. Data also suggested that transposon amplification around 2 My ago may explain the increased size of the melon genome (450 Mb) compared with the close relative cucumber (350 Mb). The genomes of cucumber (2n=2x=14) and melon (2n=2x=24) were compared, suggesting that chromosome fusions followed by rearrangements happened in the cucumber lineage from an x=12 ancestor to yield the current x=7 cucumber. The DHL92 genome was also compared with that of its parental lines, the Piel de sapo line T111 and the Korean accession PI 161375, allowing a preliminary quantification of sequence variability in the species.
Cucurbit species are of high commercial interest, especially in the Mediterranean, Asian, and African countries. Diseases that affect them, such as the mosaic virus in the case of cucumber or fungi can cause important losses. The availability of the genome sequence will allow the improvement of melon breeding strategies, by accelerating the discovery of the genes related with agronomically important traits such as fruit quality and disease resistance. The use of the genome sequence in future investigations will also facilitate the understanding of the evolution of the cucurbit family.
The research was performed in the framework of the MELONOMICS project, a public-private initiative that was launched in 2009. The genome sequence of melon was the first example of the sequencing of a eukaryote genome performed and coordinated in Spain.
Garcia-Mas J., Benjak A., Sanseverino W., Bourgeois M., Mir G., Gonzalez V.M., Henaff E., Camara F., Cozzuto L., Lowy E., Alioto T., Capella-Gutierrez S., Blancae J., Canizares J., Ziarsolo P., Gonzalez-Ibeas D., Rodriguez-Moreno L., Droege M., Du L., Alvarez-Tejado M., Lorente-Galdos B., Melec M., Yang L., Weng Y., Navarro A., Marques-Bonet T., Aranda M.A., Nuez F., Pico B., Gabaldon T., Roma G., Guigoc R., Casacuberta J.M., Arus P., Puigdomenech P.
The genome of melon (Cucumis melo L.)
(2012) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 109 (29), pp. 11872-11877 | <urn:uuid:ce2f8b60-f94f-4c98-bc02-5ba982ff41e0> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://biannualreport2012-2013.cragenomica.es/scientific-highlights/melon-genome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257699.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524164533-20190524190533-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.843147 | 773 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Do you know how much your relationships would improve if you could get people to understand you better?
Do you wonder how to create personal and professional relationships grounded in mutual respect, compassion, and emotional safety?
Are you ready to break patterns of thinking that lead to arguments or depression?
One approach I’ve found extremely effective in both business and personal is called Nonviolent Communication (NVC or Collaborative Communication). Developed by Marshall B. Rosenberg, PhD, NVC liberates you from ancient patterns of power struggle, defensiveness, and suffering, which is why it has been adopted by Fortune 500 companies, governments, school systems, inmate rehabilitation programs, and social change advocates.
We have been educated from birth to compete, judge, demand, and diagnose – to think and communicate in terms of what is “right” and “wrong” with other people. We believe we have to defend ourselves and behave accordingly. Adverbs and adjectives slice and dice and communicating and thinking this way can create misunderstanding, frustration, and even worse, result in anger, depression, and even emotional or physical violence.
NVC is based on the idea that all human beings have the capacity for compassion and only resort to violence or behavior that harms others when they don’t recognize more effective strategies for meeting their needs. Far more than a communication technique, you’ll learn to transform the thinking, language, and moralistic judgments that keep you from the enriching relationships you long for. NVC aims for everyone involved to get what really matters to them without the use of guilt, humiliation, shame, blame, coercion or threats.
Through simple techniques, you can learn how to consciously change your language and thinking to forge better quality relationships with others. NVC aims to find a way for everyone involved to get what matters to them without the use of guilt, humiliation, shame, blame, coercion, or threats. It is useful for resolving conflicts, connecting with others, and living in a way that is conscious, present, and attuned to the genuine, living needs of yourself and others.
You’ll learn to…
- Put your primary focus on connection through empathic listening rather than “being right” or “getting what you want” or “fixing someone.”
- Transform conflict into mutually satisfying outcomes
Defuse anger and frustration peacefully
- Move beyond power struggles to cooperation and trust
More connections, less conflict? Read on to find out how.
THE 4 COMPONENTS OF NVC
Nonviolent Communication includes a simple method for clear, empathic communication, consisting of four areas of focus:
1. Observations: State concrete actions you observe in yourself or the other person. A pure observation is without comparison to the past and is what we see or hear that we identify as the stimulus to our reactions, the “trigger.” The observation gives the context for our expression of feelings and needs.
Example: “It’s 2:00 a.m. and I hear your stereo playing,” states an observed fact.
2. Feelings: Identify the feeling that the observation is triggering in you. Feelings are always related to your body, and never involve others. They represent our own emotional experience and physical sensations associated with our needs that have been met or that remain unmet.
Example feeling: “It’s 2:00 a.m. and I hear your stereo playing. (observation). I’m irritated (feeling).”
3. Needs: State the need that is the cause of that feeling. A psychic or basic need is always about oneself, not about another, and is always a basic human quality.
All human beings share key needs for survival: hydration, nourishment, rest, shelter, and connection to name a few. In the context of Nonviolent Communication, needs refer to what is most alive in us: our core values and deepest human longings. The key to identifying, expressing, and connecting with needs is to focus on words that describe shared human experiences rather than words that describe the particular strategies to meet those needs.
Example need: “It’s 2:00 a.m. and I hear your stereo playing. (observation). I’m irritated (feeling) because I need to get some sleep (need).”
The need for sleep is a shared human experience.
4. Requests: Make a concrete request for action to meet the need just identified.
To meet our needs, we make requests to assess how likely we are to get cooperation for particular strategies we have in mind for meeting our needs. Our aim is to identify and express a specific action that we believe will serve this purpose and then check with others involved about their willingness to participate in meeting our needs in this way.
Example request: “It’s 2:00 a.m. and I hear your stereo playing. (observation). I’m irritated (feeling) because I need to get some sleep (need). Please turn the volume down (specific request).”
In business and life, we waste too much precious time and energy because we don’t know how to articulate what is in our hearts and minds safely. We can “say a lot” by truly listening for other people’s feelings and needs and responding to them instead of just the words said. As a community, we urgently need to move past power struggles to cooperation and trust. Using NVC, the improvement to your life and others you care for is immediate. I encourage you to start practicing the principles of NVC today – over and over – until it becomes second nature.
WHAT IS: Nonviolent Communication
Book: Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life (2003) | <urn:uuid:0921810d-fd8b-4bad-bd21-708c4a5478e9> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://noreenehrlich.com/nonviolent-communication-one-of-the-most-powerful-processes-you-will-ever-learn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584518983.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124035411-20190124061411-00629.warc.gz | en | 0.939791 | 1,207 | 2.515625 | 3 |
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla – For the past 50 years, NASA has been responsible for achievements in space—and on Earth. In the past year alone, NASA succeeded in landing the most sophisticated rover on the surface of Mars, carried out the first-ever commercial mission to the International Space Station, and advanced the systems needed to send humans deeper into space.
“We are able to keep the United States the world leader in space exploration—and continue to implement America’s bipartisan space plan—because of our talented and dedicated work force,” said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden.
Fifty years ago, on a mid-December day, NASA’s Mariner 2 passed close by the planet Venus—the first time any spacecraft had ever studied another planet. Designed and built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, located in Pasadena, Calif., the Mariner 2 spacecraft opened a new era of solar system exploration.
“JPL has always attempted to do mighty things on behalf of NASA and our nation,” said JPL director Charles Elachi. “Achieving America’s first ‘first in space’ is among the lab’s proudest achievements.”
After several attempts and close calls, Mariner 2 produced the first close-up measurements of Venus. It was also the first to confirm the existence of the solar wind, the stream of charged particles flowing outward from the sun.
Many missions followed in the years to come. In August 2012, the Curiosity rover touched down beside Mount Sharp on Mars—one of the most complex landings ever attempted in planetary exploration. It reported evidence of an ancient stream flow, mineral composition of Martian soil similar to that found in Hawaii containing volcanic glass, and the first assessment of the natural radiation environment.
Curiosity’s mission is to explore and assess a region on the surface of Mars to see if it was ever a suitable place for life to take hold. A new robotic science rover, based on the Curiosity design, is set to launch in 2020, with one of the goals being President Barack Obama’s challenge of sending humans to Mars orbit in the 2030s.
The final flight of the Space Shuttle Program took place in 2011, and the shuttles were delivered in 2012 to their new homes: Discovery is now at her new home at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum in Dulles, Va.; Enterprise went to the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum in New York; Endeavour is in the California Science Center in Los Angeles; and Atlantis can be found at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
NASA advanced commercial spaceflight this past year by contracting Space Exploration Technologies Corporation’s (SpaceX) Dragon spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station and return cargo back to Earth in October, becoming the first commercial company ever to do so.
Under NASA’s Commercial Resupply Services contract, SpaceX will fly at least 12 cargo missions to the space station by 2016.
SpaceX is one of two companies that built and tested new cargo spacecraft under NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. Orbital Sciences is the other.
NASA announced in August new agreements with three American commercial companies to develop the next generation of U.S. human spaceflight, enabling a launch of astronauts for the next five years.
Advances are made by these companies under the Space Act Agreements through NASA’s Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCap) initiative. The CCiCap partners are the Sierra Nevada Corporation, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), and The Boeing Company.
NASA and its international partners celebrated 12 years of permanent human habitation on the International Space Station on Nov. 2. More than 1,500 research and technology development experiments have been conducted, many of which are producing advances in medicine and environmental systems.
NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida marked a major milestone in the construction of the spacecraft that will carry astronauts farther into space than ever before. The Orion capsule will sustain astronauts during space travel, as well as provide emergency abort capabilities and safe re-entry from deep space.
The Orion will launch on Exploration Flight Test-1, an uncrewed mission planned for 2014. It will travel 3,600 miles above the Earth’s surface—15 times farther than the International Space Station’s orbital position.
Seeing more of the universe hasn’t just been limited to the development of spacecraft. Using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers announced Dec. 12 they have seen further than ever before and have uncovered a previously unseen population of seven primitive galaxies that formed more than 13 billion years ago.
Missions » ISS » Missions » ISS » COTS » | <urn:uuid:d0fce304-fd50-4d46-a9a3-af68d412d8bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.americaspace.com/2012/12/26/looking-back-looking-forward-50-years-with-nasa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103036363.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626010644-20220626040644-00434.warc.gz | en | 0.923752 | 983 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Sheree Wichard, 718-788-9585, [email protected]
Donel Young, 732-295-2406, [email protected]
Ezra Jack Keats Foundation Pays Tribute To Black History Month With Select List of Recommended Picture Books That Celebrate African-Americans
NEW YORK—February 12, 2013—In honor of Black History Month (February), the Ezra Jack Keats Foundation has selected a list of illustrated books that highlight the contributions of African-Americans. This list of more than a dozen recommended books appears on the Foundation’s website, www.ezra-jack-keats.org/great-picture-books-black-history.
“Ezra Jack Keats was committed to celebrating diversity through writing and art—specifically through the power of picture books,” says Deborah Pope, Executive Director of the Ezra Jack Keats Foundation. In honor of Black History Month, we’ve handpicked books that tell compelling stories, both fictional and historical, about African-Americans. Through gorgeous art and powerful storytelling, these books will engage people of all ages, colors and ethnicities.”
Among the Foundation’s recommendations are:
- Freedom Summer, by Deborah Wiles, illustrated by Jerome Lagarrigue (Atheneum, 2001)
A touching story of two boys—one white, one black—who make sense of the hatred stirred up in the South in the 1960s by staying true to their friendship.
- Most Loved in All the World, by Tonya Cherie Hegamin, illustrated by Cozbi Cabrera (Houghton Mifflin, 2009)
- A daughter remembers the beloved mother who sends her to freedom via the Underground Railroad with a handmade quilt to remind her that she is the “most loved in all the world.”
- John Henry: An American Legend, by Ezra Jack Keats (Pantheon, 1965)
The mythic figure of John Henry is believed by many to have actually lived. In Keats’ powerfully illustrated rendition, the famed “steel-drivin’ man” pits himself against the machine that is threatening the jobs of his fellow railroad men.
- Heart and Soul: The Story of America and African Americans, by Kadir Nelson (Balzer + Bray, 2011)
A beautifully illustrated recounting of history by an African-American matriarch, which encompasses the life of her African-born grandfather and her own vote for the first black President.
- Queen of the Track: Alice Coachman, Olympic High-Jump Champion, by Heather Lang, illustrated by Floyd Cooper (Boyds Mills Press, 2012)
The inspiring journey of this natural athlete from the rural South who, in 1948, became the first African-American to win gold at the Olympics.
- Going North, by Janice Harrington, illustrated by Jerome Lagarrigue (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004)
A poetic and stunningly illustrated story of a family leaving the Jim Crow South of the 1960s and travelling toward the hope of better jobs and a better life in Chicago.
Added Pope, “Children’s illustrated literature is a pathway to understanding, showing young readers relatable stories about people from different walks of life. The books we are recommending for Black History Month celebrate friendship, determination, courage against all odds and other universal qualities that transcend age, race and ethnic background.”
About the Ezra Jack Keats Foundation
The Ezra Jack Keats Foundation supports arts and literacy programs in public schools and libraries across the country that bring the joy of reading to children while highlighting the importance of diversity in children’s books. Among the Foundation’s programs are the annual Ezra Jack Keats Book Award, presented to an outstanding new writer and new illustrator of children’s picture books; the Ezra Jack Keats Bookmaking Competition for New York City public school students, grades 3-12; and the Ezra Jack Keats Minigrant program, which has put more than three-quarters of a million dollars in funding directly into the hands of teachers and librarians across the United States whose programs reach beyond the basic curriculum to inspire. For information about the Foundation, please visit www.ezra-jack-keats.org. | <urn:uuid:4e2595e4-d14c-4e54-8820-94992998bb3c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ezra-jack-keats.org/press-release/great-picture-books-on-black-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279248.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00121-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91635 | 897 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Olga Denison Collection of Anishinabe Art
artistic traditions of the Anishinabe, the Native peoples of Michigan
and the surrounding region, reach back in prehistory and embrace a
multitude of materials. Art continues to be an important aspect in the
contemporary life of these communities. The Olga Denison Collection of
Anishinabe art largely represents the contemporary expression of many
traditional native crafts.
The collections origins began in 1962 when the Mount
Pleasant Women's Club founded the Mae Beck Indian Affairs Committee to
support education among Indian youth. Among those supported were
several young, Native American artists. Typical of such committees, an
annual event was held to fund the organization's work. The event was a
spring card party, but to brighten the tables the young artists whom
the committee had assisted were invited to display their work. Soon
enough, the work of Native American artists was being purchased and the
activity evolved into a combined charity event and annual craft show.
Olga Denison was an original member of the Mae Beck
committee, and remained active in it throughout her long life. Shortly
after the committee's founding she began to purchase art from local
Native Americans both at the card party and on other occasions. What
began as an occasional purchase developed into both a series of
lifelong friendships and a lifelong interest in collecting contemporary
Anishinabe art. The result is a body of material of unusual breadth
In the latter years of her life, Ms. Denison lent much of
her collection of Anishinabe art for display at Central Michigan
University. In 2006 a major exhibition of the Denison collection
occurred on the CMU campus, which displayed much, but not all, of the
collection. This web exhibit is built upon the 2006 Denison exhibit.
Ms. Denison died shortly after the exhibit opened. Under the
terms of a previously signed agreement, the Denison collection has
became the property of CMU and, as a result of the Ms. Denison's
generosity, part of the cultural patrimony of the people of Michigan. | <urn:uuid:e730cbb2-f1b1-4d2c-86b7-d1bc36774ed9> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.cmich.edu/library/clarke/ResearchResources/Native_American_Material/Anishinabe_Art/Pages/default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648178.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323044127-20180323064127-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.958121 | 449 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Shake it up: Earthquakes & Costa Rica
Costa Rica averages 350 earthquakes per month.
Yesterday evening, a magnitude 4.6 earthquake rattled the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. In light of the shake, we’re re-running an old story about earthquakes here. Enjoy!
Stay in Costa Rica long enough, and chances are you’ll experience an earthquake.
The National Emergency Commission says Costa Rica averages 350 quakes a month, or about 12 per day. Most, thankfully, are imperceptible.
Earthquakes occur along fault lines, cracks in Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet. Costa Rica lies close to or on several of these boundaries — the Caribbean Plate, the South American Plate, the Cocos Plate and the Nazca Plate. Most earthquakes in Costa Rica result from the subduction of the Cocos Plate.
When an earthquake occurs, Ticos flood social media with posts tagged #TemblorCR. Often, they’ll share this video as a humorous reminder to stay calm:
While the vast majority of earthquakes in Costa Rica are minor or moderate, several stronger quakes have caused significant damage (and deaths). Here are a few notable examples:
Cartago (1910): A magnitude 6.4 quake destroyed the city of Cartago, which was then Costa Rica’s capital. Hundreds died.
Limón (1991): A magnitude 7.7 quake killed 48 and damaged infrastructure throughout the Caribbean. It’s the strongest earthquake in Costa Rica’s recorded history.
Cinchona (2009): A magnitude 6.1 quake in northern Costa Rica and the Central Valley killed dozens and caused a landslide near La Paz waterfall, a popular tourist attraction. The above video shows the reaction in San José as this earthquake occurred.
Nicoya Peninsula (2012): A magnitude 7.6 quake destroyed houses on the Nicoya Peninsula and damaged other infrastructure, including the so-called Backstab Bridge.
Models indicate Costa Rica could experience up to a magnitude 8.3 earthquake, but “since no events with such magnitude have ever been recorded in Costa Rica,” the models may be slightly overestimating seismic potential.
Given how many earthquakes Costa Rica experiences each year, it’s perhaps fortunate that the list of truly destructive events has remained short.
The country has also prepared well for the eventuality. After the 1910 earthquake, then-President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno banned construction with adobe, a popular (but highly vulnerable) building material. And since 1974, Costa Rica has maintained a well-regarded building code.
Support The Costa Rica Daily
Thank you to everyone who has donated to support our work!
The Costa Rica Daily is 100% free — and 100% ad-free. We can only exist with your support: | <urn:uuid:61638d82-4b97-4fc2-8198-2bf963327b28> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.crcdaily.com/p/shake-it-up-earthquakes-and-costa-2e8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337731.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006061224-20221006091224-00233.warc.gz | en | 0.918241 | 584 | 3 | 3 |
In the middle of the patio that paves Union Square in San Francisco stands a monument 85 feet tall, there so long that it is barely noticed. Tourists use it to orient their direction. Residents don’t think about it at all. At its very top, a goddess of victory balances on one leg. Dedicated over 115 years ago by President Theodore Roosevelt, the statue “commemorates the victory of Admiral George Dewey and the American fleet over Spanish forces at Manila Bay, the Philippines, on May 1, 1898, during the Spanish-American War.”
Readers of this paper may not even recognize that event, even if it did take place in the Philippines. That’s because it is known to Filipino natives at the Philippine Revolution, the original one when the Katipunan met in secret places in Tondo to overthrow 300 years of Spanish Rule and the racism that went with it. Alas, they would have succeeded if the Spanish had not simultaneously lost the Spanish-American War and sold their territories to the United States. It was a final jab of defeat the Spanish levied on the Philippines and an effective one it was.
Now, 115 years later, Filipinos linger in front of the words, talk on their cell phones, orient themselves among the buildings and the homeless, the manicured stores and hidden restaurants, using the stylized blocks as nothing more than shelter from the wind. It says nothing of the 20,000 Filipinos who lost their lives in the foiled battle for independence that year despite the 1.5 million Filipinos who now live in California.
Rudy Asercion is trying to change that.
For several years Asercion has undergone a patient purposed lobby to add a plaque to the monument, acknowledging the perspective of the Philippines in this event. The proposed wording of the plaque, reads:
“The People of the Philippines struggled against Spanish colonial rule for 300 years. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Filipinos joined with American forces and rejoiced in Commodore George Dewey’s decisive defeat of the archipelago’s Spanish fleet…”
The text continues to say,
“The Philippines declared its freedom from Spain, marking June 12, 1898 as Philippine Independence Day….”
Because of American colonization, the Philippines would not receive Commonwealth status until 1935 and would not become its own independent Republic until 1946, after a brutal World War in which Philippine and American soldiers fought side by side and more than 100,000 Manilenos, many of them innocent civilians, lost their lives.
What an honorable nod to our culture and history (that is such a large part of the Bay Area community) if the Dewey monument acknowledged this.
Go to the Facebook page, Dewey Monument Plaque, to learn more. Your support in furthering Rudy’s effort would not only enhance the perspective of future visitors to the Dewey monument, it would gesture at the Filipinos of the past, the first ones who thought of our independence and acted on it. | <urn:uuid:b3f05e3c-4bab-42a8-a54a-1821873075be> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://philippinenews.com/the-dewey-monument-plaque/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156622.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920214659-20180920235059-00083.warc.gz | en | 0.958035 | 627 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Four ALMA antennas on the Chajnantor plateau
Time-lapse of a whole night at the ALMA Array Operations Site (AOS), located at 5000 metres altitude on the Chajnantor plateau, in the II Region of Chile, where three of the first ALMA antennas are being tested as part of the ongoing Commissioning and Science Verification process. Because they are pointing at the same target in the sky at any moment, their movements are perfectly synchronised. A bright crescent Moon lights the landscape during the first half of the night. As the Moon sets, the Milky Way becomes more visible on the left of the image. The “Coal Sack” dark nebula, together with the emblematic constellation of the Southern Cross, is followed by the bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri. The fact that several stars in the image seem to increase and decrease their brightness is due to the passing of thin high clouds. As the sky appears to rotate clockwise around the south celestial pole (beyond the left edge of the image), the Milky Way appears on the upper edge and goes down slowly, until it is lying almost horizontal before sunrise. The centre of our galaxy becomes visible during the second half of the night as a yellowish bulge crossed by dark lanes in the centre of the image, just above the antennas. ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, is the largest astronomical project in existence and is a global partnership between the scientific communities of East Asia, Europe and North America with Chile. ESO is the European partner in ALMA.
This sequence is available in 1080p and stereoscopic 3D from José Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org).Credit:
ESO/José Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org)
About the Video
|Release date:||27 August 2010, 12:47|
|Frame rate:||30 fps|
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|Beet black scorch virus
First U.S. Detection of Beet black scorch virus
Name: Beet black scorch virus
Tombusviridae : Necovirus
The name, Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) was only recently accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses but has been an issue on sugar beets in China since the late 1980s. In 2005 Weiland et al. detected BBSV in Greeley, Colorado from a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production field. This is the first known detection outside of China.
Issues of Concern:
Symptoms are similar to rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and related Beet soilborne mosaic virus. Nucleotide sequences and physical characteristics were needed to confirm the agent as Beet black scorch virus.
A paper by Jiang et al. in 1999 discusses transmission by Olpidium brassicae zoospores.
Weiland, J.J., Larson, R.L., Freeman, T.P., and M.C. Edwards. 2006. First report of Beet black scorch virus in the United States. Plant Disease 90:828.
Jiang, J. X., J. F. Zhang, S. C. Che, D. J. Yang, J. L. Yu, Z. N. Cai, and Y. Liu. 1999. Transmission of Beet black scorch virus by Olpidium brassicae. J. Jiangxi Agric. Univ. 21:525-528.
Warning: The information in this alert has not been confirmed with the appropriate National Plant Protection Organization and is provided solely as an early warning. Please use the above information with caution. | <urn:uuid:aae80dba-20e4-433d-af48-dcb97d11dfa9> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://pestalert.org/viewNewsAlert.cfm?naid=22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945596.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422115536-20180422135536-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.871818 | 358 | 3.03125 | 3 |
New stem cells are easier to manipulate, could help future research on reproductive problems
April 16, 2015
Nathan Hurst, [email protected], 573-882-6217
COLUMBIA, Mo. – Pre-eclampsia is a disease that affects 5 to 8 percent of pregnancies in America. Complications from this disease can lead to emergency cesarean sections early in pregnancies to save the lives of the infants and mothers. Scientists believe pre-eclampsia is caused by a number of factors, including shallow placentas that are insufficiently associated with maternal blood vessels. Now, researchers from the University of Missouri, in an effort to grow placenta cells to better study the causes of pre-eclampsia, serendipitously discovered a previously unknown form of human embryonic stem cell. R. Michael Roberts, a Curators Professor of Animal Science and a professor of biochemistry, and his colleagues, says these new stem cells can help advance research on pre-eclampsia and a number of other areas of the human reproductive process.
“These new cells, which we are calling bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -primed stem cells, are much more robust and easily manipulated than standard embryonic stem cells,” said Roberts, a researcher in the MU Bond Life Sciences Center. “BMP-primed cells represent a transitional stage of development between embryonic stem cells and their ultimate developmental fate, whether that is placenta cells, or skin cells or brain cells. We can use these new stem cells for future research to better understand how embryos are organized and what causes diseases like pre-eclampsia and other prenatal problems.”
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can develop into a number of different types of cells such as muscle cells, bone cells, skin cells, etc. For their study, Roberts and his colleagues were attempting to grow placenta cells from embryonic stem cells by adding a substance called BMP-4 for a shorter period of time than had been done previously. They also added two other drugs that temporarily inhibited key biochemical pathways associated with the pluripotent state of the stem cells.
Instead of forming placenta cells, the stem cells grew into what was a previously unobserved state, referred to by the MU scientists as “BMP primed” stem cells. They found these cells to be much easier to work with in a laboratory setting than traditional stem cells because they are easier to grow and are more uniform, meaning that all the cells in the culture are quite similar to each other in the way they express their genetic information.
“Previously, the common thought was that embryonic stem cells transitioned straight from stem cells to their end products,” Roberts said. “These new stem cells made us realize that embryonic stem cells exist in a number of different transitional states, which likely resemble those encountered in the early stages of embryos. This should open the door for future stem cell research that is much more efficient. We now have new stem cells that are easier to manipulate since they are already at the key transitional precipice before changing into placenta cells, skin cells or any other kind of cell that makes up the human body.”
Roberts’ coauthors for this study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) include Ying Yang, Andrei Alexenko and Toshihiko Ezashi from the Division of Animal Sciences in the MU Bond Life Sciences Center; Megan Sheridan from the MU Department of Biochemistry in the College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and School of Medicine; and Katsuyuki Adachi, Danny Schust and Laura Schulz from the MU Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health in the MU School of Medicine. | <urn:uuid:b48ef3f0-3903-40f6-8e38-1a0efba94eb4> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2015/0416-new-transitional-stem-cells-discovered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049274119.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002114-00200-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945737 | 786 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Practice Guideline Briefs
Am Fam Physician. 2006 Nov 1;74(9):1639.
CDC Reports Prevalence of Dating Violence in High School Students
Programs that promote the prevention of dating violence should address risk factors associated with victimization and help educate high school students about healthy behaviors within dating relationships. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey to determine the prevalence of dating violence among high school students. The report, “Physical Dating Violence Among High School Students—United States, 2003,” was published in the May 19, 2006, issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
The study showed that 9 percent of the 14,956 high school students who were surveyed had been victims of physical dating violence, and one in 11 high school students reported being a victim within the previous 12 months.
Thirty-four percent of all participants were currently sexually active; 9 percent had attempted suicide; 28 percent drank heavily; and 33 percent had been involved in physical fighting. The survey found that students who were victims of dating violence were more likely to engage in these risky behaviors compared with students who had never experienced dating violence. Additionally, 14 percent of students with self-reported grades of D’s and F’s experienced physical dating violence victimization compared with only 6 percent of students with self-reported grades of A’s.
Appropriate intervention, such as referral for counseling, is more likely if physicians ask teenage patients about their dating behaviors. Therefore, family physicians should be aware of the prevalence of dating violence and appropriately address the associated risky behaviors in teenagers to help prevent further instances of violence.
Copyright © 2006 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Contact [email protected] for copyright questions and/or permission requests.
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EXOSOMES have lately grown in popularity amongst scientists, physicians, and patients. They are quickly becoming the therapy of choice for those who look to benefit from regenerative therapies.
Exosomes are not cells or tissue. They are tiny vesicles or “bubbles” produced inside the stem cells and later released. They contain a powerful “cargo” of genetic material, RNA, DNA, peptides, proteins and metabolites. Exosomes communicate with “target” tissues cells, to deliver their “cargo” and tell them when, how and what to do, in order to begin the repair process.
Patients suffering from chronic inflammation, chronic degenerative disease or autoimmune disease could benefit from human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)-derived exosomes in their treatment regimen.
Because of their tiny size (40 to 100 nm), exosomes can freely enter the human brain, providing an unprecedented healing opportunity for neurodegenerative or brain disease therapy..
A human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)-derived exosomes therapy is a same-day therapy, usually done in our clinic. The therapy application can be topical or local, intravenous (IV) injection or drip, and intranasal spray. In cases of intrathecal or intradiscal therapy, general anesthesia and exosomes application may be provided at a same-day ambulatory setting. | <urn:uuid:3a94eacc-f8fe-4708-82aa-00661a7242bd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://iscelli.com/exosomes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224212113-20240225002113-00701.warc.gz | en | 0.920269 | 298 | 2.984375 | 3 |
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A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or more variables”. ( Kerlinger 1956) “ Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between hypothesis in thesis an independent dependent variable. ” ( Creswell, 1994) “ A research question is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a question. How to Write a Hypothesis for a Badass Research Paper in 3 Steps. Before you start writing, you’ ll need to choose a topic. It’ s a given that if you’ re allowed to choose your topic then you should choose something you’ re interested in. Hypothesis definition , either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation ( working hypothesis) , set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, set of propositions, a proposition accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts. Thesis Statement Hypothesis Statement; The difference between hypothesis thesis is that a thesis is a sentence with the central idea , statement reflecting what the study is about: It is a sentence that helps create the null, alternative statement in a research: For thesis vs hypothesis, void thesis sets the tone for the work. Difference Between Thesis theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained , proved” , Hypothesis Definition Thesis: A thesis is a “ statement , dissertation involving personal research, a “ long essay written by a candidate for a university degree” ( Oxford dictionary). So it must be a thesis.
Further on I will assume the example axiom to be a thesis for further illustration. Hypothesis: A hypothesis is a derived form of a thesis. It asserts a correlation between - at least - two factors ( where a thesis is simply an assertion). A thesis statement is developed supported, , research report by means of examples , explained in the body of the essay evidence. university admission essay examples. Every research study should contain a concise and well- written thesis statement. If the intent of the study is to prove/ disprove something, that research report will also contain a hypothesis statement. Hypothesis testing in statistics is a way for you to test the results of a survey or experiment to see if you have meaningful results. You’ re basically testing whether your results are valid by figuring out the odds that your results have happened by chance.
Sometimes people refer to the tentative answer as " an educated guess. " Keep in mind that the hypothesis also has to be testable since the next step is to do an experiment to determine hypothesis in thesis whether , though not the hypothesis is right! A hypothesis leads to one or more predictions that can be tested by experimenting. A hypothesis , thesis, conclusion are all vital parts of the writing process helping a writer frame his argument. The hypothesis is the starting point, where a writer makes a preliminary decision about what he believes. Hypothesis The entire PhD Thesis revolves around the research Hypothesis so making a mistake here could ruin the whole research work. Needless to say it can all be a little intimidating, many students find this to be the most difficult stage. If the intent of the study is to prove/ disprove something, that research report will also contain an hypothesis statement. And that' s where we see the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
A hypothesis is an assumption, something proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true. In the scientific method the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done apart from a basic background review. We’ re a nonprofit on a mission to bring an open conversation over the whole web. Use Hypothesis right now to hold discussions read socially, organize your research, take personal notes. As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements ( variables) that are in relation to each other. Remember that, within the word " hypothesis" is the word " thesis. hypothesis in thesis " Your hypothesis is what you propose to “ prove” by your research.
As a result of your research you will arrive at a conclusion, , a theory . A statement theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained proved: “ can you support your thesis? ( in Hegelian philosophy) A proposition forming the first stage in the process of dialectical reasoning. Too many times we see History Day students attempting to write a thesis statement too soon after choosing their topics. Examples of Hypothesis By YourDictionary The American Heritage Dictionary defines a hypothesis as , " a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation. " This means a hypothesis is the stepping stone to a soon- to- be proven theory. Both the hypothesis statement and the thesis statement answer the research question of the study. When the statement is one that can be proved disproved it is an hypothesis statement. Thesis hypothesis is the first thing to consider, when you are preparing a research. A writer should understand that thesis statement and thesis hypothesis are different.
Thus, the latter is applied to support the ideas stated in thesis statement. This tutorial explains the how to write Research Proposal Null Hypothesis for your proposed research thesis with Examples. And explains the Format of a Research Proposal in. One of these statements must become the null hypothesis the other should be the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis contains equality. So for the above, the null hypothesis H 0: x = 98. It is common practice to only state the null hypothesis in terms of an equals sign less than , , not a greater than , equal to equal to. homework in primary schools. A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment , more things data collection.
The hypothesis in thesis null hypothesis— which assumes that there is no meaningful relationship between two variables— may be the most valuable hypothesis for the scientific method because it is the easiest to test using a statistical analysis. This means you can support your hypothesis with a high level of confidence. Null Hypothesis: A null hypothesis is a type of hypothesis used in statistics that proposes that no statistical significance exists in a set of given observations. The null hypothesis attempts to. Thesis is a synonym of hypothesis. As nouns the difference between thesis hypothesis is that thesis is a statement supported by arguments while hypothesis is ( sciences) used loosely, phenomenon , a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, experimentation as a scientific term of art,/ , investigation see the attached. The first few paragraphs of a journal article serve to introduce the topic thesis, , to provide the author' s hypothesis to indicate why the research was done. A thesis or hypothesis is not always clearly labled; you may need to read through the introductory paragraphs to determine what the authors are proposing.
Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement. Determine what kind of paper you are writing: An analytical paper breaks down an issue evaluates the issue , presents this breakdown , idea, an idea into its component parts, evaluation to the audience. the thesis has the character of an hypothesis— a point emphasized by Post and by Church( 24). If we consider the thesis its converse as definition then the hypothesis is an hypothesis about the application of the mathematical theory developed from the definition. The hypothesis is a critical part of any scientific exploration. It represents what researchers hypothesis in thesis expect to find in a study or experiment. In some cases the original hypothesis will be supported the researchers will find evidence supporting their expectations about the nature of the relationship between different variables. FOR WRITING A THESIS OR DISSERTATION. CONTENTS: Guidelines for Writing a Thesis Linda Childers Hon, Dissertation Ph. Outline for Empirical Master’ s Theses Kurt Kent Ph. How to Actually Complete A Thesis: Segmenting , Rewarding, Kurt Kent, Scheduling Ph. How to Make a Thesis Less Painful and More Satisfying ( by Mickie.
A generalizing hypothesis describes a pattern you think may exist between two variables: an independent variable and a dependent variable. If your experiments confirm the pattern you may decide to suggest a reason that the pattern exists a mechanism that generates the pattern. The reason or mechanism you suggest is an explanatory hypothesis. depression thesis statement. The best way is to adopt a three- step hypothesis; this will help you to narrow things down is the most foolproof guide to how to write a hypothesis. Step one is to think of a general hypothesis including everything that you have observed reviewed during the information gathering stage of any research design. Define hypothesis. hypothesis synonyms hypothesis pronunciation, hypothesis translation English dictionary definition of hypothesis.
hy· poth· e· ses 1. type thesis. A null hypothesis is the prediction a researcher hopes to prove false. The null hypothesis for our study would be: ' There will be no difference in test scores between the different amounts of light. Examples of Good College Application Essays for Schools Starting with hypothesis in thesis G. Gallaudet University. essay about summer season in english. “ Something Interesting” Essay for Georgia College; Georgia College Sample Essay. “ Descriptive” Essay hypothesis in thesis for Georgetown University Essay; George Mason University. These George Mason University college application essays were written by students accepted at George Mason University. All of our sample college essays include the question prompt and the year written. Please use these sample admission essays responsibly.
Join Now to View Premium Content. George Mason University SAT Score Analysis ( New 1600 SAT) The 25th percentile New SAT score is 1100 hypothesis in thesis the 75th percentile New SAT score is 1290. In other words a 1100 on the New SAT places you below average while a 1290 will move you up to above average. CollegeVine’ s College Essay Prompts Database. Recent seminars include " The Elections " " Sustainable Energy, " , " " The Comedic Jane Austen " The Science of Music. Submissions are reviewed for creativity importance, , intellectual relevance appeal to Honors students. S: So all types of university writing are essays, aren' t they really? L: Well, people use " essays" in different ways.
Some people say " essay" and just mean any type of university writing. But in our classification, it means something more specific. It' s where you have to argue a point of view. Related essays: E- Book vs Books ;. We will write a custom essay on Reading a Book vs Listening to an Audio Book specifically for you for only $ 16. 30 Free Essays & Stories by David Foster Wallace on the Web. 10 Free Stories by George Saunders Author of Tenth of December “ The Best Book You’ ll Read This Year” Read 18 Short Stories From Nobel Prize- Winning Writer Alice Munro Free Online. Josh Jones is a writer musician based in Durham NC.
Follow him ee Essays for you to read at this online library. Promote education across the globe. Spread the word about Read Print. Meet us on: Welcome to Read. Steve Yzerman Jerseys & Merchandise While a sports collection is a great way to impress friends family at home, the best way to impress fellow fans at the hypothesis in thesis game is to buy a Red Wings Detroit Steve Yzerman Jersey stock up on Red Wings apparel items. Score a new Steve Yzerman Jersey at Red Wings Shop, your # 1 source for Red Wings Steve Yzerman Jerseys! No Red Wings fan' s wardrobe is complete without an authentic Steve Yzerman Jersey in it that' s why we bring you the best selection of Steve Yzerman Youth Jerseys, Mens Womens Jerseys from Reebok. Nov 17, - Favorite Detroit Red Wing!
See more ideas about Detroit red wings Steve yzerman Detroit. Steve Yzerman was at a charity hockey game , as he dressed he realized he' d forgotten his shin pads. No problem, said a teammate — use mine. They belonged to Gordie Howe. This brief essay highlights some of the ways that authors have employed such multi- method1 research to provide a more informative account of the social world. Interviews and Surveys Several authors of ASR papers have conducted interviews in order to refine the questions employed in a subsequent statistical analysis. The research paper has explored the fundamentals of research methodology, particular in psychological research. It hypothesis in thesis has discussed the science of psychology how scientific research methods can be used to gain new knowledge solve problems. Moreover the differences between qualitative quantitative data have been pointed out. research papers on biotechnology.
If you are doing more than writing an essay that relies on sources, then you can benefit from understanding why there are different research methods. Learn more about how academic and professional researchers employ diverse research methods. Understand the philosophical assumptions that inform researchers in different disciplines. Fundamentals of Research Methodology Sharon Skinner March 12, PSYCH/ 540 Research Methodology Dr. Maribeth Clarke Fundamentals of Research Methodology The Science of Psychology Although the study of human minds are reveals signals of the order control for one’ s wealthy diverse accountability.
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Happy with the order. It gave me something I could build upon. | <urn:uuid:b3418b9a-7d32-4841-bf8d-7192fd179efa> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://essaywritingservicetop.site/5066-hypothesis-in-thesis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250592261.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118052321-20200118080321-00445.warc.gz | en | 0.930244 | 3,021 | 2.984375 | 3 |
A British programmer is petitioning the government to apologise to gay mathematician Alan Turing for his prosecution for homosexuality.
Turing committed suicide in 1954.
He famously invented the Turing machine and cracked the German Enigma code during World War Two, but killed himself after being convicted of having a sexual relationship with another man.
He was given the choice of going to prison or undergoing chemical castration and opted for the latter.
Programmer John Graham-Cumming has now set up an online petition to call for a government apology to Turing for his prosecution.
He told PinkNews.co.uk: “I think that Alan Turing hasn’t been recognised in Britain for his enormous contribution because he died in his forties and almost certainly because he was gay.
“It is atrocious that we don’t recognise this man and the only way to do so is to apologise to him. This man was a national treasure and we hounded him to his death.
“One of the things for people in the computing world is that he was part of the war effort but we don’t give him recognition in the same way as other heroes. To me, he was a hero in the second world war.”
Turing was awarded an OBE in 1945 for his wartime services to the Foreign Offices. He has received many posthumous awards. The computing world’s equivalent of the Nobel Prize, given each year by the Association for Computing Machinery, has been called the Turing Award since 1966.
To sign the petition, click here | <urn:uuid:42edbfa1-11e2-4337-8e90-9a1f22b306fc> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/08/05/campaign-for-government-apology-to-gay-mathematician-alan-turing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00172-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984267 | 323 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Electronic digital safes can keep your valuables behind a numerical lock to protect them from burglary and fire. These safes work on the same principle as dial combination locks do, but make it easier to enter a code. Electronic digital safes come in all shapes and sizes, from large industrial safes to small portable safes.
Opening the Safe
Enter your code on the keypad located on the front of the safe. Some electronic digital safes require you to input a special character like "#" before and after your code. The safe should either beep, have a LED turn green, or display "OPEN" if you have correctly entered the code.
Turn the handle to the right within five seconds of correctly entering the code. If you wait too long, the safe will lock and you will have to enter your code again.
Open the safe with a key. Use your emergency key that came with the safe to open it if you forgot the code or if the batteries have died. Remove the key cover from either the handle or the control panel to reveal the lock.
Changing the Codes
Enter your code to open the safe.
Place the electronic digital safe into code reset mode. On some models you need to hold the last digit of the code or press the "*" button to get into code reset mode. Other safes require you to open them and press a small red button on the inside of the door.
Enter your new code on the keypad and press "#" to finish. Some safes may require you to press "*" or a letter to finish the code. If the safe requires it, enter the new code again to confirm that you entered it correctly.
Replacing the Battery
Use your code to open the electronic digital safe's door.
Locate and remove the battery cover on the inside of the door.
Replace the used batteries with new ones. For most safes, this will require two or four AA batteries.
Test the batteries. Use your code while the door is open to test the batteries before closing the safe. | <urn:uuid:a6f39c4e-3702-493f-b66c-ebf17811e243> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.hunker.com/13419338/instructions-for-an-electronic-digital-safe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267159561.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180923153915-20180923174315-00316.warc.gz | en | 0.875358 | 426 | 2.859375 | 3 |
I have had a Density Paradox set for quite a while, but never have used it. This past week I decided to try it out. I might use this as a scientific investigation inquiry lab. Students can observe the first part of the first video and then they can hypothesize what caused the results and then propose ways of testing their hypotheses. Watch the video and then click on the solution tab at the end to see the solution.
Scale drawings of the solar system, both to size and distance, are never shown in science textbooks. This video answers why and shows one attempt of such a model.
Note: This is an update from a previous post. This video is at a higher resolution. Here are the details from the previous post:
Google Maps has recently developed “My Maps” where Google Maps can be annotated with pictures, lines, shapes, and points. I incorporated this new tool with one of my all time favorite lessons: The Solar System Scale Model. This model shows the Sun and the nine planets (yes I still include Pluto for comparison reasons) to scale in both size and distance. For details download the student (word document) and teacher handout (word document). You can take a look at the model in action by going to Google Maps or download the Google Earth kml file to look at in Google Earth.
My students often stare in wonder at the radiometer that sits in the window sil of my classroom. A lot of them think it's the temperature that causes the different spinning rates. Others think it's the amount of light. I decided to attempt to see which factor determines it. This could be a good inquiry activity for students and it also demonstrates how smartphones are becoming useful data collection devices.
I have two lava lamps that rest in one of the window sils in my classroom. It is both a great distractor to the students and a source of fascination/curiosity to my students. It also helps that my students have to learn the concept of density. One of my lava lamps always seems lethargic and to be frank quite a dissapointment for viewing. I had been thinking that maybe it's a really good observation that might lead to a science inquiry for my students. I did some video and time lapse filming which may result in an inquiry for my students to do. Take a look at the video and see if it's a good idea. | <urn:uuid:d05fd45a-c3e0-42d0-a7e4-fff0a93b4e60> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.sciencefix.com/home/?currentPage=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257824185.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071024-00219-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96724 | 487 | 3.34375 | 3 |
The earthquake and fire of 1906 wrought destruction on every facet of life in San Francisco, and the performing arts faced a crisis without precedent. In the destruction following the April 29 earthquake, however, the city lost all eight of its downtown theaters.
San Francisco gave high priority to the replacement of performing arts buildings as reconstruction of the city got underway. From 1906 until October 17, 1989, only the Geary remained in full-time operation as a professional theater. It has been cited as "the traditional seat of legitimate drama in San Francisco since 1910," the year of its completion and opening.
Bliss and Faville, one of the most prominent architectural firms in San Francisco, designed the Geary Theater. Construction of the Geary began in 1908, and re-opened on January 10, 1910. It was then known as the Columbia Theater, named after a theater at Powell and Ellis streets, that had been destroyed in the earthquake and fire. Following changes in management between 1924 and 1928, when the building was known briefly as the Wilkes, and then the Lurie Theatre, it reopened as the Geary Theater on February 6, 1928.
In January 1967, the Geary Theater became the permanent home of the American Conservatory Theater, which bought the building in 1974. In 1975, the Geary was awarded a place on the U.S. Department of the Interior's National Register of Historic Places and was named a landmark of the State of California and the City and County of San Francisco.
At 5:04 p.m. on October 17, 1989, disaster struck once again. During the Loma Prieta earthquake, the proscenium arch of the Geary collapsed, ripping a two-thousand-square-foot hole in the ceiling and crushing the front-of-house lighting bridge and the first six rows of orchestra seats beneath tons of fallen plaster. Miraculously, no personal injuries were sustained.
The Geary was closed; the American Conservatory Theater raised more than $28.5 million to complete the renovation and seismic stabilization of the building, in 1996. In addition to bringing the theater into compliance with all current city building codes, the reconstruction and renovation of the damaged Geary improved comfort and accessibility for theatergoers and brought state-of-the-art technology to the Geary Stage.
Off-site search results for "Geary Theater"...
John W. Geary Biography Page
Geary selected 15 and organized the oversized 28th Pennsylvania Infantry. Service with Brig. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks along the upper Potomac River brought him a brigadiers commission 25 Apr. 1862. At the Battle of Cedar Mountain in August of that ...
... war see the Brief History of WWII e-text."] See also: Pacific Theater | European Theater North Africa | Sicily | Italy | D-Day | Northern France | Southern France Operation Market-Garden | Battle of the Bulge | Germany © 2001-2004 Interesting ...
Fox Theater, Atlanta, Georgia
... 29, 1975 Linda Ronstadt opens the Fox Theater in Atlanta, ten months after the theater had been closed "for good." Atlanta Landmarks borrowed $1.8 million to buy the building and initiated the Save the Fox campaign. April 15, 1996 Fox Theater ... | <urn:uuid:f3565da8-fe8d-4a86-891e-8c9da6f705f1> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2704.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277286.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00218-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953309 | 664 | 2.75 | 3 |
1-10 Number Books
As I was writing my lesson plans for this week, I saw that I am supposed to do two new things this week. One is to begin introducing the first 5 Math Work Stations and the second items is to begin teaching the K.CC.3.A standard (writing numbers to 20) (we are just writing to 10 at this point in the year).
I decided to create a set of booklets that would let me accomplish both of these things:
(click the color picture below to get yours). 🙂
Each book contains 6 pages (7 if you count the cover page) and helps your students to represent numbers in a variety of ways (see below).
These would be great for individual, small, or whole group work. I think these would be excellent for homework too! I will say that when I first saved this file, I intended to include the number zero, but after thinking about it, that would be a pretty empty number book! No way to show zero other than to write the number and write the number word, so I left it out. If I have requests for it, I could make those two pages just for zero. I did include zero in my August Problem Solving Pack if you do need a page for zero.
P.S. I’m going to start working on the October Problem Solving Pack soon–trying to stay ahead! 🙂 | <urn:uuid:d8cb6277-a54a-47d5-97eb-8924bd0fd251> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://kristenskindergarten.com/2013/08/24/1-10-number-books/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178366477.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20210303073439-20210303103439-00461.warc.gz | en | 0.961991 | 291 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Color Words Practice
Luke is working on learning his color words while reading some of our favorite books like Brown Bear Brown Bear What Do you See? I also am going to have him work on this color words activity above. You can print it out here, then have your child cut and glue the color word, write the color word, and color in the box to match. | <urn:uuid:a313d56f-a98b-44a0-bced-0c86a81a9f8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://homeschoolparent.blogspot.com/2011/10/color-words-practice.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118707.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00173-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965193 | 82 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A program that supports education services by focusing more sharply on results. Our mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. EdTech Hub is a global research partnership that empowers people by giving them the evidence they need to make decisions about technology in education. Education Cannot Wait is the United Nations global fund for education in emergencies and protracted crises.
In most developed countries, a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher Education News at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. For the subfield of formal epistemology and computer science, see Formal learning theory. Regardless of setting, educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion, and directed research.
- According to some conceptions, it is primarily a process that occurs during events like schooling, teaching, and learning.
- Some 1,600 students had completed a one-year adult education course, gaining essential skills in linguistics and science.
- With the passing of NCLB in the United States , teachers must be highly qualified.
- While informal learning often takes place outside educational establishments and does not follow a specified curriculum, it can also occur within educational settings and even during formal learning situations.
As cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed. Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism.
Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next.
We recognise and value the learning that Aboriginal children bring with them from their homes and communities into the classroom. Some 1,600 students had completed a one-year adult education course, gaining essential skills in linguistics and science. Nine community learning centers with trained staff and library facilities, continue to support community literacy and education programs. Getting all children in school and learning requires alignment across families, educators and decision makers.
They must also seek feedback from students for quality-assurance and improvement. Education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting-edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country’s ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of “human capital”.
This concentration of learning in a formal atmosphere allows children to learn far more of their culture than they are able to do by merely observing and imitating. As society gradually attaches more and more importance to education, it also tries to formulate the overall objectives, content, organization, and strategies of education. Literature becomes laden with advice on the rearing of the younger generation. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university.
Cutting Learning Poverty by Half
Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes. Universal Primary Education was one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem.
Research and data indicate future environmental conditions will be “far more dangerous than currently believed”, with a review concluding that the current challenges that humanity faces are enormous. They also find that critical thought, social responsibility, health and safety are often neglected. According to UNESCO, “for a country to meet the basic needs of its people, the teaching of science is a strategic imperative”. | <urn:uuid:ef38c481-0317-462e-9e11-b9795412d431> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://businessforbeginners.org/education-development-news-research-data.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510219.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926175325-20230926205325-00503.warc.gz | en | 0.964906 | 967 | 3.640625 | 4 |
IOSH Fire Safety Awareness
Awareness is the key to prevention
Everyone at work has a duty to prevent fires. A fire safety culture is based on a shared set of positive attitudes, knowledge, perceptions and beliefs about fire prevention and fire protection.
This four-hour course provides a basis for developing a culture of fire safety awareness and prevention. Organisations benefit from having a culture of fire prevention, employees who understand their roles and the actions to take in event of fire.
Employees benefit from have much greater awareness of fire risk and can apply the learning not only to work but also to the home environment.
Fire Safety Awareness covers…
- – Effective fire evacuation
- – Roles and responsibilities in a fire emergency
- – Fire and firefighting equipment
- – Identifying workplace fire hazards
Successful delegates are awarded an IOSH Fire Safety Awareness certificate.
More details about the course are available from the IOSH website at: https://www.iosh.co.uk/Training/IOSH-training-courses/Fire-Safety-Awareness.aspx | <urn:uuid:a262f324-5842-4ae1-8bf6-f3d11223ac25> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://samtenconsulting.co.uk/public-courses/iosh-fire-safety-awareness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057329.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922041825-20210922071825-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.925478 | 223 | 3.1875 | 3 |
EndNote can import references from many online databases, but there are times when you need to create a reference by entering the data yourself. These sections of the guide cover not only how to create and edit references, but also how to create references for charts and figures, attach full-text PDFs to an existing reference, find the full-text of your references, and check for updates to references and remove duplicate references..
Go to References > New. A blank record will open.
Choose a reference type from the Reference Type drop down menu at the top-left of your blank record. The default type for a new reference is "journal article". Choosing the correct reference type is critical if the reference is to be cited correctly.
Enter the appropriate bibliographic data into the fields of the blank record. After filling in the information Go to File > Save to save the new reference.
Store figures, charts, and tables in your EndNote library and insert them into a document. You can only add one image in the image field of a reference.
Go to References > New Reference. In the Reference Type drop down menu on the top of the window, select Figure or Chart or Table depending on what type of graphic you have.
There are several way to attach figures, one way is in the blank record go to References > Figure > Attach Figure. Locate the image file on your computer and insert it.
If you scroll down your record you will see the attached figure in the figure field of the record. DO NOT attach figures that need to be cited using EndNote's "File Attachment" function. (See Attaching Files to learn how to attach other file types to references.)
Go to File > Save to save the new reference with the attached figure. Use the same procedure to store a table or chart. The only difference is to select "Chart or Table" in the Reference Type drop down menu. | <urn:uuid:3628f671-f431-44fe-b203-bc71d852e4fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://rowanmed.libguides.com/c.php?g=1065593&p=9250268 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711162.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20221207121241-20221207151241-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.841595 | 392 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The flashcards below were created by user
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
- Leadership may be one person or a small core of leaders
- Charismatic leadership
- Leadership claims to be divine or appointed by God
- Leadership claims special Knowledge
- Leadership teaches an absolute truth that can only be understood and interpreted by the leader
- Leadership demands unconditional obedience
- Meaningful contact with family and friends outside ceases to exist
- Substitution of the group as the new family and support system.
- Everything outside the community is explained as evil, reinforcing the exclusion of the group
- Lack of sleep and food.
- Nutritionally insufficient food.
- Isolation from the group as a form of punishment or discipline.
- Development of psychological and spiritual dependency on the group.
- Undue influence over thought processes by coercive persuasion of behavior modification techniques without informed consent.
- Constant and intensive indoctrination and exercises.
- Group pressure to conform.
- Using techniques which induce high level of susceptibility.
- Use of fear and guilt to create emotional vulnerability.
- Sensory overload forces acceptance of new doctrine, goals, and definitions to replace old values by expecting newcomers to assimilate masses of information quickly with little opportunity for critical evaluation.
- Approving unethical or illegal behavior while claiming goodness of the group.
- Recruiting and fundraising with hidden objectives.
- Use of leadership or cell groups to attract newcomers under false pretenses.
- Financial exploitation in surrendering money to the group or spending money for special programmes or projects adherents may not agree to.
- Physical exploitation can be in labour intensive projects with little regard to health.
- Physical exploitation can be physical abuse.
- Engaging in inappropriate sexual activities, sexual abuse. | <urn:uuid:e5aeeba1-ab85-46c5-9374-be677998f77a> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=11970 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572471.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916015552-20190916041552-00347.warc.gz | en | 0.850189 | 361 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Advanced Manufacturing Institute recently organized a lecture on ‘Electron Beam Melting: an additive manufacturing process for aerospace and bio-implant industries’ presented by Dr. Ashfaq Mohammad.
Dr. Ashfaq said in his lecture, the current aerospace industry, there is greater emphasis in pushing up the working temperatures of jet engines from 500 degrees C to 750 degrees C. Ni and Ti based alloys used in today’s engines do not possess the ability to withstand such high temperatures. Gamma-TiAl alloys which are basically intermetallics, are potential candidate materials for such a high temperature regimes. However, Intermetallics are difficult to process by forging or machining. Casting is comparatively a better route, though it also suffers from problems such as poor fluidity, easy cracking at stress concentrated portion.
Further, Dr. Ashfaq added, additive manufacturing is one of the latest technologies for producing near net shape metal parts. The advantages of this technology are many which includes ability to produce: highly dense solid parts, near-net shape parts with little or no post-processing, parts with materials difficult to machine or forge. Electron Beam Melting (EBM), one of additive manufacturing technologies, has been successfully commercialized by ARCAM AB (Sweden). In EBM process, as the whole build chamber is enveloped in high vacuum, problems of atmospheric contamination and porosity are minimized to a large extent. Currently, work is being carried out at King Saud University to develop process to build parts on EBM from TiAl feedstock powder. Challenges faced and how this route differs from the existing route of Ti-Al-4V would be presented.
Moreover, Dr. Ashfaq informed suitability of EBM process to produce bio-implants such as Tooth copings would be discussed. Another topic relevant to EBM is `Benchmarking’. Benchmarking of the machine as well as the whole process and the associated difficulties would be brought about in concluding part of this talk.
Dr. Ashfaq is currently Assistant Professor at Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University. His research includes Additive Manufacturing and Solid state welding.
Previously Dr. Ashfaq was Assistant Professor for about three years at NIT Trichy in Dept. Of Metallurgy before he moved to Saudi Arabia in 2010. He holds Ph.D. in welding technology from IIT Madras, India. | <urn:uuid:4a8d1124-a43d-431c-aab6-bc3f9eb4be21> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://news.ksu.edu.sa/node/103452 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178360107.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210228024418-20210228054418-00045.warc.gz | en | 0.957791 | 495 | 2.625 | 3 |
Protein deficiency is pretty rare in healthy adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC. In fact, it states most Americans consume more protein than their body needs. It can be unhealthy to consume too much or too little protein. Protein deficiency is most prevalent in vegetarians or in those who don’t consume enough calories to satisfy the body’s nutritional needs. By monitoring your daily intake of protein, you can be sure you’re getting enough of the nutrient.
Video of the Day
Recommended Daily Amount
The CDC says adult women and men should consume about 46 g and 56 g of protein per day, respectively. Physically active adults may need more than this amount. In the American diet, it’s tough not to reach this amount of protein over the course of a day. For example, you can get over 50 g of protein by eating two eggs for breakfast, a turkey and cheese sandwich for lunch and a 3-oz. portion of meat with veggies at dinner.
Vegetarians and Vegans
Vegetarians and vegans may be at an increased risk of consuming too little protein. This is because most sources of complete proteins – protein that contains all of the essential amino acids you need – are eliminated from a vegetarian or vegan diet. This could include meat, cheese, dairy and eggs. However, vegetarians and vegans can consume soy protein, which is the only plant-based source of complete proteins. Soy protein is used in a variety of vegetarian foods, such as tofu and soy milk.
Diets that are not well-planned out can put you at risk of becoming protein deficient. Although protein deficiency as a whole is extremely rare in the U.S., the University of California Los Angeles states that people on a weight-loss plan may exclude protein from their diets to avoid the calories and fat. This can lead to loss of muscle, called atrophy, and other potential health problems. You should never start a diet plan without first consulting your doctor or dietitian.
When you don’t eat enough protein, your body begins breaking down muscle and other tissue to get the amino acids it needs. Additionally, you may notice symptoms of lowered immune system function, so you can get sick much easier. It also can affect injury and wound healing, as protein plays a major role in this bodily function. Protein also helps promote satiety, or a feeling of being full, and lack of the nutrient may cause you to crave foods high in carbohydrates and sugar. Overall, protein-deficient individuals have low energy levels, poor immunity and unhealthy body composition. It’s a potentially deadly situation that must be addressed immediately by visiting your doctor. | <urn:uuid:a190ca03-9d95-456f-91f9-5cdac2ab07bb> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://www.livestrong.com/article/498112-how-common-is-protein-deficiency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511206.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017174543-20181017200043-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.949792 | 551 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important aspect to improve crop production
In crop production, it is important to ensure that there is enough carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air since that is essential for photosynthesis and hence for plant growth. CO2 is generated whenever the boiler is in operation since it is contained in the flue gases.
The waste heat can also be stored, depending on the requirements of the greenhouse facility. CO2 is required for plant growth during the day, whereas at night the heat is needed to maintain a stable growing climate. The excess heat produced during the day is stored in a heat storage tank so that it can be used at night. | <urn:uuid:36ee37f0-3983-4863-bcd8-8c6de807accf> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.dalsem.com/en/CO2-production | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496665573.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112124615-20191112152615-00317.warc.gz | en | 0.965977 | 137 | 3.34375 | 3 |
|January 9th, 2013|
While in general we probably run escalators at a good speed-safety tradeoff, considering the variety of people riding them, when you have two you ought to be able to run one faster and one slower and do better. You'd need to put up clear signs so people could choose which one to take, and you'd need to make sure that traffic patterns weren't going to push people onto the fast escalator when it's not good for them.
Looking at escalator safety, it doesn't sound like people falling over when getting on or off is a problem. Instead people get hurt when their clothing gets caught, escalators catch fire, or people ride on the railings and fall off.
A bit of looking suggests ASME A17.1 specifies escalator speeds:
220.127.116.11 Limits of Speed. The rated speed shall be not more than 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min), measured along the centerline of the steps in the direction of travel.How fast is that maximum (1.1mph) compared to normal escalators? Has anyone done experiments on the maximum safe escalator entrance and exit velocities? | <urn:uuid:e93e7ae2-2917-4b13-8f34-2c4059a3524b> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.jefftk.com/p/express-escalator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998690.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618063322-20190618085322-00119.warc.gz | en | 0.949815 | 246 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Date of Award
Thesis and Dissertation
Master of Science (MS)
Department of Sociology and Anthropology: Archaeology
Fred H. Smith
Neandertals and modern humans possess very different craniofacial shapes. Some recent work has attributed these contrasting shapes specifically to differences in brain development, which are extrapolated to mean differences in cognitive function. However, this may not necessarily be the case. In this paper, it is suggested that a size increase in the cranial base and rapid cranial growth are due not to cognitive differences, but environmental factors, specifically Neandertal adaptation to cold. Adaptation to cold would not only explain the more rapid growth of the Neandertal cranium, but also elongation of the cranial base via elongation of the nasopharynx for maximizing air conditioning capabilities. The results indicate a closer relationship between Neandertals and cold adapted modern humans than either of these groups with the other two considered (early modern humans and warm-adapted modern humans). While all variables in the cranium are correlated to some degree, cranial base length is most strongly correlated with measures of facial projection. This indicates that, along with some other factors, elongation of the cranial base greatly affects projection of the face; this could be caused via elongation of the nasopharynx due to cold-adaptation. Cold adaptation early in Neandertal children
would have prepared them for the harsh environment that they are born and raised in, allowing for a higher chance of survival in a harsher environment. Thus, environmental factors are considered a valid argument for the differing shapes and developmental trajectories of Neandertals and modern humans.
Caldwell, Sarah, "The Effects Of Cold Adaptation On The Growth And Development Of The Neandertal Cranial Base" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 195. | <urn:uuid:0f083a21-62be-4ec3-8668-d52a31b44e6f> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/195/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256281.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190521062300-20190521084300-00133.warc.gz | en | 0.90492 | 384 | 3.046875 | 3 |
What Are The Advantages Of Learning Coding?
Learning Coding, When talking about the advantages of learning to code, your first thought might be the increased earning potential. Or the high demand for coding-related jobs. But there are many more benefits you can gain!
In this article, we’re going to look at over 20 advantages of coding. We’re also going to break it down into 3 separate sections so you can skip to the one that’s most relevant to you:
- Advantages that are non-career related
- Advantages that are career-related, especially if you want to get into tech
- Advantages if you already work in the tech industry
Advantages that are non-career related
You’d be surprised by the number of ways coding can impact your life in a positive way! These are some of the unexpected advantages or benefits you can gain when learning to code.
1. Become Smarter
While learning to code won’t turn you into a genius overnight, it will teach you to think differently. Thinking differently, can positively affect your ability to study other subjects. It can also help tackle real-life problems
When learning to code, you need to be ‘hungry’ to go out there and find the information you need. You need to keep working at understanding a tough topic until you’re able to grasp it. With a skill like this, learning something else in comparison will probably seem almost trivial.(Learning Coding)
Learning to code will make it easier to learn new concepts and conquer any topic thrown your way.
2. Learn How To Solve Big Problems
The biggest, most complicated coding programs are really just a bunch of small tasks combined together. If there’s a bug, or something doesn’t work the way it’s intended, you’ll need to solve the problem by looking at each pieces of code individually.
Breaking down the problem into smaller pieces, and working out each one is a methodical approach you can use in any life situation, not just coding.(Learning Coding)
3. Learn How To Think More Logically
In the above point, we talked about how logic plays a vital role in problem-solving and overcoming challenges. But how does coding teach you how to think more logically?
Coding teaches you that if your first and second attempts to fix a bug didn’t work, maybe the third one will. But only if you tackle the problem in a coordinated way that makes sense. That means not trying random things until something works.
Learning to code also teachers you to recognize and use patterns to work more efficiently. Something that you can use in other areas of your life or work.
4. Exercise Your Brain – Like Puzzles
Exercising your brain helps improve your brain functionality in a surprising number of ways. And learning to code is going to give it a serious workout. Here are some of the ways in learning to code is like a marathon for your brain:
- Coding ignites different regions of your brain. This creates new neural pathways and strengthening old ones.
- Learning to code is almost identical to learning a language. It also includes plenty of math. Your brain’s learning centers are going to be routinely pushed to their limits.
- Programming forces your brain to visualize concepts, like blocks of code. Reading every single line of code isn’t an effective way to program. Instead, your brain helps speed up the process by breaking up the code into visual pieces, almost like a puzzle.(Learning Coding)
- Current research shows that there may be a strong connection between learning to code and delaying cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia.
5. Enhance Creativity
Have you ever dreamed of creating something? Maybe you’ve always wanted to help the environment. Or maybe you want to be more efficient when working. Many people have loads of great ideas, but aren’t able to bring them to life without the technical knowledge.
With the ability to code you can create almost anything you put your mind to. Whether it’s an app that tracks your carbon footprint, or a time-keeping app to make sure you’re staying focused on your work.
Once you learn how to code you can let your imagination run wild.
6. Learn Persistence, Resilience and Self-reliance
You can’t learn to code overnight. Or in a week. It’s a long process and it never truly ends as there. There are always updates and changes being made to languages and frameworks. There are also always new plugins and libraries that add more functionality and toolkits.
No one is going to hold your hand every step of the way. If you have the ability to persist at something until you achieve it, and are resilient to the challenges thrown your way, you’ll be successful no matter what path you take in life. Learning to code goes a long way in helping to build up persistence. This is when you keep attacking a problem until you fix it. It’s when you don’t stop learning until you’ve fully understood the subject.
Not everyone is born with the drive to keep going when the going gets tough, but it’s a skill you can acquire through learning to code.
7. Gain Self Confidence
One of the most important benefits you can gain from learning to code is giving your self-confidence a boost. Imagine how you’ll feel after finishing an intensive bootcamp. The satisfaction of knowing you can create anything you want, whether it’s a product, service, or something else just for fun.
And the best part? You will never need to pay for someone else to create your website or add new functionality, as you’ll be able to do it yourself. As you gain more skills and experience, your confidence in yourself and your abilities will continue to grow. It’s a vital attribute that will help you in your personal life and your working life.(Learning Coding)
8. Social Advantages
There’s a stigma that coding requires you to lock yourself away in a dark room for days on end, but the truth is coding can boost your social life.
The coding community is huge, and there are loads of people who happily volunteer their time to help others understand the ins and outs of it. By joining forums and learning groups you’ll join like-minded people. Once you become proficient enough, you can help others who are starting their learning journey.
Another advantage is that some cities host their own hackathons. These hackathons let you team up with people in the community to create projects as quickly as possible. It requires lots of teamwork and communication and a healthy dose of socializing.
9. Automate Your Life
Have you ever wished you could make your life easier? Plenty of everyday tasks you do on your laptop or computer right now could be automated. They’re important enough that they need to be done, but they require lots of repetitive clicking and re-typing the same thing over and over again.
A little bit of coding know-how can go a long way. Python is a popular coding language used to write scripts that automate tasks. If you’ve ever used macros in Excel, they’re very similar but much more adaptable and customizable.
You can use automation for all kinds of things. For example: •sending automatic emails •converting different units •gathering and formatting data, •creating a set of instructions that take control of your keyboard and mouse, •performing large file operations, •automate checks for things like missing data and even create reports.
10. Customize Your Online Presence
Your creativity isn’t restricted to a business or blog website either. You can create delightful online resumes which showcase your skills. Doing so will help you separate from the pack when applying for coding-related or creative jobs.
Advantages If You Want To Get Into Tech
Learning to code can provide you with some nifty advantages in the tech industry.(Learning Coding)
11. Great Way To Get Into Tech
If you want to enter the tech industry, knowing how to code will open up plenty of opportunities. This is because the demand for coding-related jobs is at an all-time high, and is expected to steadily increase year-over-year.
Even if you don’t want to work as a programmer, there are lots of hybrid positions where coding is still an important skill. For example technical writer, or project manager. These jobs may not require coding knowledge, but knowing how to code will be a great asset as you may need to run your own tests or interact with those who do.
12. Higher Salaries
If your goal is to make more money, then you’ll be happy to learn that the median annual salary for coding jobs is among some of the highest in the states. In fact, they’re typically twice as much as the average salary for all other occupations.
But not all coding jobs pay the same. Web developers are highly paid. But they typically receive less than software developers and database administrators. If earning a higher salary is your goal when learning to code, make sure you’re preparing yourself properly for entry into the job and position you want.
13. Minimal Time Requirement To Learn How To Code
Unlike traditional college degrees, there’s no official certification for the majority of coding languages. This means if you want to get a job in tech, you only need to learn the relevant materials to become proficient and land your first job. In other words, you don’t need to study for 3-4 years.
In fact, there are lots of online and offline coding bootcamps which can help prepare you in as little as 3 months.
14. Strong Demand And Stability
Technology is now a part of most work environments. This includes educational institutions, hospitals, and private businesses. All of them are working with technology in one way or another, and if you know how to code, you’re going to be in demand.
15. Great Freedom And Flexibility In Life
One of the more surprising benefits of learning to code is the freedom in HOW you work. Many businesses don’t need to hire a full-time coder. It could be because they can’t afford the cost, or they don’t have enough work to justify it. This is great news if you enjoy freelancing. If your passion is creating or improving websites, there’s a huge demand for freelance web developers. The same is also true for mobile app development.
If you enjoy the idea of being your own boss, working remotely, and becoming a freelancer, coding is one of the few professions which allow you to do so.
16. Job Security
Automation is inevitable. Computer AI programs are able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly and with fewer errors than a person. Data entry is just one example where automation has quickly taken over. If you’re worried about losing your job to a computer program, becoming an AI developer is a sure way to maintain your job security.
Advantages If You Already Work In The Tech Industry
Here are some other advantages you can gain:
17. Get Promoted
Learning a coding skill is going to increase your technical knowledge and problem-solving abilities. This makes you more employable, and also makes you more eligible for promotions. A senior position or even a management position may not need the ability to code as a fundamental requirement. That being said, it certainly makes you a much more attractive option.
18. Earn More Money
Attending a bootcamp is a great way to increase your skill set and boost your chances of landing a pay rise or promotion. It will also make you more attractive to external headhunters looking to acquire highly skilled workers.
19. Versatility In The Workplace.
Learning a valuable skill such as coding sends a strong signal to your employer that you’re knowledgeable about tech, and can gain new skills. Showing that you can go above and beyond your current scope of work will make you a valuable member of your team. Not having to rely on developers for small changes in a marketing email can save your valuable time.
Knowing how to communicate with developers, read code, fix bugs, introduce website functionality, are some of the skills you can improve.
20. Communicate With Engineers
One of the most underrated skills needed today is the ability to communicate with engineers. Both large and small coding projects can become incredibly complicated ventures. It can be hard for engineers to explain abstract terms to the uninitiated. If you understand code, you can give more in-depth feedback when it comes to reporting bugs or requesting new features.
21. Analyze And Visualize Data
You don’t need to be a data scientist to analyze and visualize data. But, with a basic understanding and knowledge of programming, you can extract the data you need, organize it, filter it, and display it in an easy-to-understand format for everyone else. Python is an excellent language to learn for this type of work. It’s relatively simple compared to other languages like C++ and Java.
22. Be Able To Take On New Challenges And Projects
Learning to code does more for you than just the ability to program apps and fix bugs. You’ll gain a new level of confidence at work to take on challenges like new projects and increase your value as an employee.
There are plenty of reasons to code, and 22 of them are on this page right in front of your eyes!
You can learn to code for your own joy and amusement and to become a more well-rounded and modern person.
Learning to code can also help you break into tech. Tech is undoubtedly one of the most exciting, well-paying, and stable job fields in this day and age.
Finally, learning new coding languages and frameworks is a great way to level up your career. Gifting yourself new tech skills in your tool belt is a great way to increase your confidence, boost your versatility, and make you a more valuable employee. | <urn:uuid:86a7ca64-7b8a-4f98-8346-fd821e353066> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://top10codingbootcamps.com/blog/22-advantages-of-learning-coding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056548.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918154248-20210918184248-00049.warc.gz | en | 0.935652 | 2,960 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Aristagoras (Greek: Ἀρισταγόρας ὁ Μιλήσιος) was the leader of Miletus in the late 6th century BC and early 5th century BC and a key player during the early years of the Ionian revolt against the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
Aristagoras served as deputy governor of Miletus, a polis on the western coast of Anatolia around 500 BC. He was the son of Molpagoras, and son-in-law (and nephew) of Histiaeus, whom the Persians had set up as tyrant of Miletus. Aristagoras controlled Miletus while Histiaeus was being held by the Achaemenid King Darius I of Persia at Susa. Aristagoras was the main orchestrator of the Ionian Revolt, when the Greek poleis of Ionia on the east coast of the Aegean Sea banded together to rebel against rule by the Achaemenid Empire.
Certain exiled citizens of Naxos came to Miletus to seek refuge. They asked Aristagoras to supply them with troops, so that they could regain control of their homeland. Aristagoras considered that if he was able to supply troops to the Naxians, then he could become ruler of Naxos. So he agreed to assist the Naxians. He explained that he did not have enough troops of his own, but that Artaphernes, Darius’ brother and the Persian satrap of Lydia, who commanded a large army and navy on the coast of Asia, could help supply troops. The Naxians agreed to Aristagoras seeking Artaphernes' support and supplied him with money.
Aristagoras travelled to Sardis and told Artaphernes to attack Naxos and restore the exiles with the implication that Artaphernes would then gain control of the island. He explained to Artaphernes that Naxos “was a fine and fertile island, close to the Ionian coast, and rich both in treasures and slaves.” Aristagoras promised that he would both fund the expedition and give Artaphernes a bonus sum. He also tempted Artaphernes by adding that capturing the island would place other poleis of the Cyclades under his control, which would serve as a base for attacking Euboea. Artaphernes agreed and promised 200 ships. The following spring, Aristagoras and the Naxian exiles sailed with the fleet. Unfortunately for the success of the invasion, Aristagoras quarrelled with the Persian admiral Megabates, who then informed the Naxians that the fleet was coming. Naxos then had enough time to prepare for a siege. Four months later, the siege still held, the Persians were out of supplies and had only limited funds remaining. The expedition was then considered a failure and the Persians sailed home.
After his failure in Naxos, Aristagoras’ political position was at risk. In an attempt to save himself from the wrath of Persia, he began to plan a revolt with the Milesians and the other Ionians. Meanwhile, Histiaeus, still detained at Susa, had tattooed a message upon the shaved head of a slave. Once his hair had grown back, he sent him to Aristagoras. The message told Aristagoras to revolt. Histiaeus, desperate to see Miletus again, hoped Darius would send him to deal with a Naxian revolt. Aristagoras, who had already considered revolt, conferred with a council of his supporters, who agreed to a rebellion in Miletus in 499 BC. Aristagoras was supported by most of the citizens, except the historian Hecataeus. He sent men to Myus to capture the Persian fleet commanders there. Once his rebellion was in the open, Aristagoras “set himself to damage Darius in every way he could think of.” To gain support, he deposed the despots in the other Ionian states, and claimed he too would end his tyranny and allow for popular government. Aristagoras ordered all of the states to create a board of generals to rule, thus beginning the Ionian Revolt. Then, he sailed to Lacedaemon in search of an ally.
Aristagoras appealed to the Spartan king, Cleomenes I, to help them throw off the Persian yoke. He praised the quality of the Spartan warriors, and argued that a pre-emptive invasion of Persia would be easy. He claimed that the Persians would be easy to defeat, as they fought in “trousers and turbans,” clearly not a sign of good warriors. He also tempted him with Persian riches. Cleomenes asked Aristagoras to wait two days for an answer. When they next met, Cleomenes asked how long it would take to reach Susa, and upon learning that it was a three months’ journey, he firmly refused Spartan assistance as his troops would be gone for too long. At the time, Sparta was concerned over possible attacks from the Argives. The Greek historian Herodotus claimed that Aristagoras attempted to change Cleomenes’ mind with bribes, until the king's young daughter warned that Aristagoras would corrupt him. Aristagoras left, another venture having failed.
Burning of Sardis
Aristagoras next went to Athens, where he made a convincing speech, promising “everything that came into his head, until at last he succeeded.” Won over, the Athenians sent ships to Ionia, and Aristagoras went before them with the sole intention of irritating Darius. The Athenians arrived in Miletus with twenty triremes and five other triremes that belonged to the Eretrians. Once all his allies arrived, Aristagoras put his brother Charopinus in charge of the expedition, and the whole contingent set out for Sardis, the Persian capital in Ionia. Using Ephesus as its base, the land army went to Sardis, where they captured the city without any opposition and forced the satrap Artaphernes and his forces to retreat to the acropolis. The Ionians set the town on fire, accidentally burning down the temple of the Lydian goddess Cybebe in the process, which the Persians later used as an excuse for burning down Greek temples. The Ionians retreated to Tmolus when Persian reinforcements began to arrive. The reinforcements followed the Ionians, caught up with them near Ephesus and soundly defeated them.
After this battle, the Athenians refused to continue to fight in the Ionian Revolt and returned to Athens. Because of their participation in this battle, however, the Persian king, Darius, swore vengeance on Athens and commanded a servant to repeat to him three times every day at dinner, “Master, remember the Athenians.”
After the burning of Sardis, the Ionians continued their campaign, gaining control of Byzantium and the surrounding towns as well as the greater part of Caria and Caunus. Almost all of Cyprus also rebelled against the Persians. Onesilus, the younger brother of Gorgus, the ruler of Salamis, tried to convince his brother to rebel against Persia and join in the Ionian Revolt. When his brother refused to support the revolt, Onesilus waited until he left Salamis and then shut the city gates on him. Gorgus fled to the Persians while Onesilus took over and convinced the Cyprians to revolt. They then proceeded to lay siege to the city of Amathus.
Histiaeus and Aristagoras
During the Battle of Sardis, Histiaeus was being held by Darius as a royal advisor. When questioned about the actions of Aristagoras, Histiaeus claimed no prior knowledge of the plans and swore to put down the rebellion if Darius allowed him to return to Ionia. Darius consented and Histiaeus, whom Herodotus claimed had no intention of putting down the rebellion, returned to Ionia to assist Aristagoras.
Many scholars frequently assume that Aristagoras and Histiaeus worked together as co-authors in the war against the Persians. Other scholars, such as P.B. Manville, suggest that while fighting the Persians, Histiaeus and Aristagoras also fought each other for control of Miletus and could better be described as rivals or even enemies. While Histiaeus was away serving Darius, Aristagoras acted in his stead as deputy of Miletus where, it is argued, he worked on securing his own power. The first indication of this was his Naxos expedition. He did not ask Histiaeus’ permission and instead of turning to him for help, Aristagoras turned to Artaphernes, who was said to be jealous of Histiaeus. When the expedition failed, Histiaeus sent his tattooed slave to Aristagoras, not as encouragement to revolt, but as an ultimatum. Histiaeus ordered Aristagoras to give up his rule or suffer the consequences. However, at this time Histiaeus was still required to remain in Susa and, despite his threat, he was unable to do anything if Aristagoras did revolt. Aristagoras realized that this would be his last chance to gain power and started the revolt despite Histiaeus’ threat. When Aristagoras pretended to give up his power when all the other Ionian tyrants were deposed, this was part of his strategy to depose of Histiaeus. Histiaeus then tried to form an alliance with Artaphernes to depose this usurper and regain his power at home. Artaphernes, though he was involved in open war with Aristagoras, refused.
Although the revolt started out well for the Ionians, the tide soon turned in favour of the Persians. After only one year, the Cyprians were once again forced into submission by Persia. The cities around the Hellespont fell one after another to Daurises, the son-in-law of king Darius. The Carians fought the Persians at the Maeander River and were defeated with severe casualties. Aristagoras saw his great rebellion falling to pieces around him and began looking for a way to escape from Darius’ wrath. After calling together a meeting of his supporters, Aristagoras decided that the best place to hide out would be Myrcinus. He put Pythagoras, “a man of distinction,” in charge of Miletus and set sail for Thrace, where he attempted to establish a colony on the Strymon river, at the same site as the later Athenian colony of Amphipolis. He gained control of the territory but later, while besieging a neighbouring town, Aristagoras was killed by the Thracians.
In conclusion, Aristagoras had many failed ventures. He failed to capture and gain control of the city of Naxos. He failed to convince Sparta to join him in the Ionian Revolt. He was also unable to lead a successful rebellion against the Persians. However, these failed ventures still had lasting consequences. Darius’ anger and desire for vengeance against the Athenians for their participation in the revolt was a contributing cause of the Persian Wars.
Herodotus as a source
Much of the information on Aristagoras and his actions is based upon the writings of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus. While Herodotus in many ways reflects some of the best of ancient historiography, nonetheless, some scholars have been critical of his value as a historical source, especially regarding the Ionian Revolt. As Mabel Lang notes, one of the problems with determining the historical veracity of Herodotus' account is "that the failure of the revolt not only gave prominence to every aspect and event which would explain, justify or anticipate the disastrous results but also cast into the shade any intentions which deserved a better fate and any temporary successes during the course of the war." Moreover, Oswyn Murray argues that much of Herodotus' discussion of the Revolt is dependent on Ionian oral tradition, which is perhaps suspect because of their defeat. As proof of this unreliability, Murray contends that the Ionian Revolt was not motivated by desires to end tyranny, as Herodotus suggests, but rather it was motivated by the economic consequences of Persian expansion. Despite these potential limitations, some recent scholars have attempted to rehabilitate Herodotus as a source for information on the Ionian Revolt. In particular, Pericles Georges has sought to contest Murray's claims, arguing that not only did Persian expansion cause economic prosperity for the Ionians but Herodotus' depiction of Ionian politics is consistent with other contemporary sources.
- Herodotus, The Histories, trans. Aubrey de Sélincourt, London: Penguin Books, 1954, 320.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 320.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 321.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 321.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 322-323.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 324.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 324.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 328.
- I. E. S. Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History,. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1970, 482.
- Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History, 329- 330.
- Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History, 351.
- Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History, 351.
- Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History, 352-353.
- Edwards, The Cambridge Ancient History, 483.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 354.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 353.
- P.B. Manville, “Aristagoras and Histiaios: The Leadership Struggle in the Ionian Revolt,” The Classical Quarterly 27 (1977): 80-91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/638371. (accessed February 14, 2010), 80-81.
- Manville, "Aristagoras and Histiaios", 82-90.
- Herodotus, The Histories, 359
- Herodotus, The Histories, 357-360.
- Mabel Lang, "Herodotus and the Ionian Revolt," Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 17, no. 1 (1968): 24.
- Oswyn Murray, "The Ionian Revolt," Cambridge Ancient History IV, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 470.
- Murray, "The Ionian Revolt", 475.
- Pericles B. Georges, "Persian Ionia Under Darius: The Revolt Reconsidered," Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 49, no. 1 (2000): 1-39.
- Edwards, I. E. S. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
- Georges, Pericles B. "Persian Ionia Under Darius: The Revolt Reconsidered." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 49, no. 1 (2000): 1-39.
- Herodotus. The Histories. Translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt. London: Penguin Books, 1954.
- Lang, Mabel. "Herodotus and the Ionian Revolt." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 17, no. 1 (1968): 24-36.
- Manville, P.B. “Aristagoras and Histiaios: The Leadership Struggle in the Ionian Revolt.” The Classical Quarterly 27 (1977): 80-91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/638371. (accessed February 14, 2010)
- Murray, Oswyn. "The Ionian Revolt." Cambridge Ancient History IV. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 461-490. | <urn:uuid:88790966-91cb-4e3f-8c10-7b9ecb3ec5de> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristagoras | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645293619.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031453-00302-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9514 | 3,400 | 3.40625 | 3 |
In a public statement giving an answer to science-based critiques of her system, Calkins penned that asking pupils to imagine or “check it out” if they arrive at difficult terms shows stamina that is reading. She additionally argued that there surely is value in predictable texts for small children, who’re “approximating reading” once they depend on picture and syntax clues.
Though billed as a core program that is reading the devices of learn in checking title loans in New Hampshire does not show phonemic understanding or phonics methodically or clearly. “At best it is an indication, and there are many concentrate on the system that is three-cueing” Liben stated.
The Teachers College Reading and Writing Project recently circulated a phonics that are separate, the devices of learn in Phonics. In her own present declaration, Calkins emphasized the necessity of a phonics that is systematic, and stated it might be a “wise move” for instructors to incorporate more decodable texts in classes with appearing visitors. Still, advertising materials when it comes to devices mean that the business thinks phonics must not play a role that is central the class room.
“Phonics instruction needs become slim and efficient,” the materials look over. “Every moment you spend teaching phonics (or phonics that are preparing to make use of in your classes) is a shorter time invested teaching other activities.”
One other two core programs that are instructional Houghton Mifflin Harcourt’s Journeys and Into browsing, differ in a few significant methods through the remainder for this list. Into browsing could be the organization’s newer item — this will be its very very first year that is academic schools. According to HMH, a lot more than 6.7 million students use Journeys in college.
Both programs consist of an explicit, systematic system in phonemic understanding and phonics. Within an emailed statement to Education Week, a agent for HMH had written that the organization suggests instructors follow this series, as phonics abilities develop cumulatively. Decodable texts are offered for purchase.
Since these programs are supposed to be comprehensive, they consist of classes and resources for teaching other foundational skills — like writing letters, spelling, and fluency — because well as explicit vocabulary instruction, anchor texts and student texts, composing instruction, and comprehension instruction.
Seidenberg, who may have evaluated the Journeys materials not Into learning, stated that the quantity of materials, classes, and choices that are instructional this system ended up being overwhelming. “It seems like the publisher’s a reaction to most of the debate about reading instruction would be to verify he said that they included everything.
Into the emailed statement, HMH stated that teachers can “choose from a number of resources to really make the most useful instructional choices with their pupils also to align with region curriculum demands.”
Whenever Milton Terrace Elementary in Ballston salon, N.Y., began utilizing Journeys, teachers were utilizing the materials differently, stated Kathleen Chaucer, the key. (the college is not any longer utilizing the program.) As an example — although the system provides books that are decodable young ones had been exercising in leveled texts, which don’t provide opportunities to make use of habits they discovered, Chaucer stated.
Journeys includes six instructor manuals because of its grade that is 1st program, Seidenberg stated. “there clearly was therefore information that is much those instructor manuals, it does increase severe questions regarding whether anybody is really with them,” he stated. “And through them to find the pieces that they’re comfortable with?” Chaucer said that’s what happened at her school if they are using them, are they just picking.
It really is difficult to find an ideal curriculum, stated Blythe Wood, an instructional advisor into the unique training division in the Pickerington college region, in addition to vice president regarding the Overseas Dyslexia Association of Central Ohio.
She actually is critical of Leveled Literacy Intervention, especially, for the main focus it places on taking a look at terms as wholes, together with not enough decodable text. But you can find good and bad components to most commercial materials, she stated.
“the information root of the instructor, and having the ability to determine the requirements of the pupil, are far more crucial when compared to a program that is boxed” Wood said. “we are maybe maybe not planning to satisfy every kid with one package.”
Having a look that is hard curriculum is very important — but more important is ensuring instructors have actually working out they should assess methods by themselves, stated Beverine-Curry, of this browsing League. “simply handing instructors materials or a course or perhaps a curriculum will not perform the job.”
This tale had been produced with help through the Education Writers Association Reporting Fellowship system.
Vol. 39 , Issue 15 , Pages 19-22
Posted in publications: as Popular Studying Materials Stray From Cognitive Technology | <urn:uuid:4240dffb-5ac9-43ae-9281-935174dc021e> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://theandrongroup.com/pay-day-loans-near-me/the-essential-popular-learning-tools-are-not-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710473.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128034307-20221128064307-00293.warc.gz | en | 0.960342 | 1,089 | 2.59375 | 3 |
A strong area of low pressure developing over the Ohio Valley tonight doesn't only spell tribble for the winter fatigued from Chicago to Maine expecting as much as two feet of snow, but a powerful cold front encroaching on a warm, moist airmass over the Mid-Atlantic will help touch off a nasty line of thunderstorms that could be severe, including the potential for a weak tornado or two.
The colorful map above shows the predicted surface temperatures (color gradients), surface pressure in millibars (black lines), and wind speeds (barbs) from this afternoon's run of the GFS model, valid around 6PM Eastern tomorrow afternoon.
A cold front that extends off the low pressure center will result in a very impressive drop in temperatures, causing readings to plummet 30 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit in just a of a couple of hours when it passes through, as shown by the dark blue shading on map below.
This powerful cold front will move into relatively warm, moist air and serve as a focus for the development of a strong line of thunderstorms.
The main threat for severe weather exists within the area shaded in yellow on this map from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). The yellow area means that there is a "slight risk" for severe weather (damaging winds >60 MPH, quarter size hail or larger, or a tornado), while the areas shaded in green could see general thunderstorms that aren't bad enough to be considered "severe." A slight risk indicates that the chance exists for severe weather but it's not going to be a massive outbreak.
For the weather geeks among us, here's the exact wording from the SPC's discussion this afternoon:
STRONG CONVECTIVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT WILL SUPPORT THE POTENTIAL FOR DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...WITH THIS POTENTIAL BOLSTERED BY THE STRONG CROSS-FRONTAL...SYNOPTIC PRESSURE RISE-FALL COUPLET. STRONG LOW-LEVEL SHEAR — E.G. AROUND 30-40 KT OF 0-1-KM BULK SHEAR — WILL SUPPORT SOME POTENTIAL FOR LINE-EMBEDDED MESOVORTICES TO PRODUCE TORNADOES.
The primary concern with these thunderstorms will be damaging winds and the potential for one or two weak (but still dangerous) tornadoes.
Here's a look at the 700 millibar (between 9,000-10,000 feet) winds and heights from this afternoon's run of the GFS model, showing winds at this level of the atmosphere raging at 60-70 knots, or 70-80 mph, over the area the SPC outlined as most at risk tomorrow.
Given that these strong mid-level winds are almost aligned with the forward motion of the expected line of thunderstorms, it won't take much for the downdrafts (sinking air) in the storms to drag these severe winds to ground level and produce damage.
The risk for tornadoes tomorrow is small but it isn't null, as low-level wind shear (wind changing speed and direction with height) will allow for some thunderstorms in the squall line to begin rotating and spin off a weak tornado or two. Even though the risk is small and the tornadoes will be weak, even a "weak" tornado is dangerous if it hits your house or your car. Take the threat seriously if it plays out as forecast.
Stay on top of the situation tomorrow by following updates from your local National Weather Service office, as well as local news affiliates. As spring draws closer and the bulk of severe weather season approaches, it wouldn't be a bad idea to invest in a weather radio. | <urn:uuid:71d1955e-9925-4d04-8414-8e0ccae59f2b> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://thevane.gawker.com/heres-why-severe-storms-are-expected-from-philly-to-ro-1541718658 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207927245.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113207-00115-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912301 | 778 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Last year, Earth Charter International joined efforts with the University for Peace (Costa Rica) and Simon Bolivar University (Venezuela) to create a publication called: Earth Charter and International Law. How does the Earth Charter Correlate with International Law? – with an emphasis on environmental law-.
This document is the result of a research project carried out under the framework of the UNESCO Chair on Education for Sustainable Development and the Earth Charter, whose general objective was to: “Identify relationships and coincidences between the Earth Charter principles and the principles contained in different instruments of International Law”.
With the information of this publication, the ECI Secretariat built an online database to help users to search this research project’s results. Database links:
With this database, a person can search for a specific Earth Charter principle and find different articles of international law instruments that correlate with that principle.
It is possible as well to search for a specific international law instrument and find which Earth Charter principles coincide with them.
The research work was developed by Maria Elisa Febres, PhD student of the Simon Bolivar University, with the support of Professor Juan Carlos Sainz-Borgo from the International Law Department of the University for Peace, Mirian Vilela and Alicia Jimenez from the Earth Charter International Secretariat.
This is not intended as a finished product. It is in a continuous process of improvement and with this database it will be very easy to incorporate people’s suggestions and contributions with the intention of complementing and enriching this work.
If you wish to contribute or make any comment or suggestion, please send messages to: info[@]earthcharter.org | <urn:uuid:6c214448-c5b2-4896-93f1-1a300feb9af0> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://earthcharter.org/news-post/database-of-earth-charter-and-international-law-principles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863949.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521043741-20180521063741-00435.warc.gz | en | 0.900948 | 348 | 2.625 | 3 |
There is interesting new research that indicates that there are some scorpions who can adjust their venom depending on the threat at hand. This could take place during the hurting of its very next meal or during times when it is merely protecting itself from predators. This study is marking the very first time that researchers have uncovered the capability of a creature to fine tune the toxicity of their venom based on their needs.
Venom for Each of the Scorpion’s Needs
In order to survive, a scorpion must be able to locate and capture food (which are typically insects), but it also needs to fight off predators such as smaller mammals. The great thing for these arachnids is that their venom is able to conduct double-duty for these critical tasks. However, as Jamie Seymour from James Cook University has pointed out, these scorpions create venom that is specific for attackers and another type that is specific for food. And the fact is that scorpion venom is a very complicated mix of various toxins during any situation.
“Scorpions contain three separate subtypes of toxins that are effective against mammals only, insects only, and both,” claimed Seymour in a recent comment. “The question was whether the ‘recipe’ for this cocktail is fixed or can adapt in response to different environments and predator–prey interactions.”
Recruiting the Right Team for the Study
As they were preparing this study, Seymour assumed repeated exposures to would be attackers and predators ought to cause scorpions to generate larger quantities of their defensive venom as opposed to their offensive venom. In order to test this belief, he put together a crack team of chemists, ecologists, physiologists, along with a hefty group of Australian rainforest scorpions. Also referred to as Hormurus waigiensis, the two to three inch scorpions are very well acclimated to those rainforests of Queensland and also those in New South Wales.
For this evaluation, Seymour’s team exposed these scorpions to one of three specific conditions: exposed to live crickets (prey), exposed to dead crickets (control), and exposed to a taxidermied stuffed mouse (who simulated an attacker). After about six weeks, these scorpions that had been exposed to the simulated attacker created a much different venom than the ones who were not exposed to the stuffed rodent.
“Exposure to a simulated predator appeared to decrease relative production of toxins that would work on insects, while generally increasing the production of a section of the venom profile with activity towards mammalian, e.g. mouse, cells,” commented the ecologist Tobin Northfield who took part in the study.
These results do not necessarily mean that these scorpions can instantly alter the chemistry of venom on the fly. Instead, it simply means that scorpions that are subjected to constant threats from attackers over a prolonged period of time, such as six weeks in this case, they are more than capable of tweaking their venom chemistry as a response. “Our findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence for adaptive plasticity in venom composition,” concluded these scientists taking part in this new study.
This is pretty awesome because it is telling us that scorpions possess a natural toxin regulator which serves to re-route internal elements in order to increase or reduce venom production based on need. As they look into the future, researchers should be able to detect similar abilities in other scorpion species, and they should study exactly how they are doing it. As far as using this knowledge for real world applications, the future evaluations might be used enhance the quality of anti-venoms. | <urn:uuid:858ec2a4-3252-4e64-97d3-436d7b9ed13c> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://themindguild.com/scorpions-can-adjust-venom-changing-threats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864364.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622065204-20180622085204-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.971722 | 744 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Cucumbers and corn grown together are a prime example of companion planting. When planted next to one another, cucumbers help corn by naturally repelling raccoons, retaining soil moisture and reducing weed growth. On the other hand, corn helps cucumbers by providing shade and giving the cucumber vines something to climb up on; which, in turn, keeps cucumbers off the ground and prevents rotting from moisture. This companion planting makes for a relatively low-maintenance growing season.
Things You'll Need
- 20-20-20 fertilizer
- Nitrogen fertilizer
Apply a balanced 20-20-20 fertilizer to the soil before planting the cucumbers. This can be done before or after the corn is planted, but it may be easier to apply it before planting the corn. Follow the directions on the product label for diluting and application directions.
Plant the cucumbers two weeks after the corn to allow time for the corn stalks to establish. Plant each seed 12 inches apart along the corn rows. The seeds can be planted along the border of the corn crop as well as in between each row.
Water the soil so it's thoroughly moist to a depth of 4 inches. Keep the soil at this moisture level throughout the entire growth cycle.
Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer along the sides of the cucumber plants once they begin to grow vines. Follow the application directions on the package of the chosen fertilizer. Do not allow the fertilizer to touch the plants as it may cause fertilizer burn.
Monitor the growth of the cucumber plants. Wrap their vines around the corn stalks once they get long enough to do so, usually 6 to 12 inches. Allow only one vine per stalk as too much weight may potentially pull the stalk down. Once established, the cucumbers and corn should thrive as long as they get adequate water.
- Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
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Can You Plant Cucumbers Next to Peppers?
Cucumbers and pepper plants are not recommended allies on companion gardening lists. This may be because they share pests and diseases that... | <urn:uuid:b742337b-c509-447c-87ca-e12c1012d17d> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.ehow.com/how_7867134_plant-cucumbers-around-corn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463613738.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170530011338-20170530031338-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.923039 | 584 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Brushing and flossing combined with regular dental clean-ups and clean-ups will grant you a smile from which can you can impress anybody. With it, you won’t have to be concerned having a conversation with a person up close or even trying out new types of food. Having clean teeth and a healthy mouth will help you to move forward in your positively. So let us now look into some benefits of having clean and healthy teeth.
Following proper brushing procedures will prevent your teeth from discolouring. Discolouring in teeth is mainly caused due to the reactions of acids with the teeth. So if you make sure that keep your mouth is and teeth are cleaned properly you won’t have to be worried about your smile. It is also wise to visit your dentist and get a teeth whitening Lane Cove procedure to be done so that dullness in your teeth which is caused due to the ageing of the teeth can be avoided.
Any gum infection can make it harder to control your blood glucose. The connection between genuine gum diseases and diabetes is two-way. Not exclusively are individuals with diabetes more helpless to genuine gum diseases, yet genuine gum infection may possibly influence blood glucose control and add to the movement of diabetes.
No need to think twice before kissing
Who needs to kiss somebody with sustenance amongst their teeth or terrible breath? Brushing and flossing are the least expensive and best approach to expel sustenance and microbes and keep your breath possessing an aroma similar to roses?
The counteractive action is more affordable than cure. General everyday care of your teeth and gums will reduce issues caused later on due to dental degradation and also bring down dental bills.
No more gum issues
Gingivitis (irritation of the gums and the primary phase of gum sickness) is initiated by the plaque develop about your teeth, prompting inflated gums and teeth that drain when you brush them. Commemorative inscription is an amassing of nourishment and microscopic organisms, which shows up in everybody’s mouth and it should be cleaned up frequently to keep your mouth solid.
Your baby is in Safe hands
Gum sickness has been appeared to build the possibility of untimely birth and low birth weight. It can likewise be one of the numerous reasons for postponed origination and ineptitude. So make sure that you follow good oral habits and always clean up your teeth. These insights are just a few out of many other benefits that you can obtain by maintaining healthy teeth and a mouth following proper oral care procedures.
Graduating from medical school can be the happiest day of your life. That is because this day shows that you have accomplished the impossible. After years of studying all night and working every day you have finally become a medical doctor. Then, in that case, it is understandable why one would want to celebrate this day with their friends and family. That is because they would not have been able to accomplish this without their loved ones. Furthermore, it would also be a nice way to end your medical school journey.
When it comes to this party you cannot simply send out a group text inviting people. That is because this graduation is a milestone. Therefore due to this reason we recommend that you invest in paper invitations. Furthermore, you should not settle for any invitation. Instead, you should opt for one that compliments what you are celebrating.
We know that doctors tend to live on vending machine food. But you cannot simply buy wire shelving systems and fill them up with snacks. Instead, you need to offer them proper food. But you can invest in food that compliments the theme. For instance, you can have cookies cut in the shape of various medical equipment. Furthermore, the same could also be said for the cake that you would have.
When it comes to a medical school graduation you may think you are too old for decorations. Therefore it is unlikely that you will peruse through medical surgical supplies online. That is because you would not wish to invest in decorations that compliment the theme. But you can still invest in balloons. Furthermore, you can also invest in a sign declaring that you are now a fresh graduate.
After years and years of studying, we understand that every guest would welcome a drink. Therefore you may consider investing in an open bar. But you can also serve guests a signature cocktail. Furthermore, you can give it a catchy name like ‘McDreamy’. Another thing that you can do is serve guests syringe jello shots. Getting through medical school is not an easy task. Thus, that is why many individuals don’t succeed. Therefore it is crucial for those who graduate to celebrate this success with their friends and family. But we understand that not many would know how to go about this. That is because it is unlikely that they had time to host parties in medical school. However, if they follow the above guide they will find some much-needed tips.
We are all conscious of our appearance. There is nothing wrong with it. Not paying attention to our appearance can make it hard to present ourselves in the best possible manner to the world. While some of the appearance problems can be fixed by using the right amount of makeup some appearance related problems need more effort and care than that.
For example, you will have to go for effective stretch marks treatment if you are suffering from that kind of an epidermis problem. There are two ways people use to deal with this kind of beauty problems they encounter throughout their lives.
Trying to Take Care of the Matter on Your Own
Usually, when we encounter some kind of a beauty problem we have a tendency to try to solve that problem on our own. For example, if we find our epidermis getting unusually dry we would look for a good moisturizer and start using it. At that level, it is fine to solve our beauty problems on our own. However, when the beauty problems are serious than that, such as different marks, sun burns, etc. we have to get proper professional help to solve them. If we do not, we can very easily worsen the situation without even meaning to.
Receiving Professional Care
Receiving professional care at the very beginning stage of anyone’s beauty problems is the most intelligent method of dealing with everything. For example, think that you have a problem with removing the unnecessary follicles from your epidermis. You can use all the creams, razors, etc. sold in the market to get this done. However, the result you will get using this kind of a method is only going to last for a short time. By going to a melasma treatment Melbourne to get professional care you can solve that problem for the long term. It is not something you have to be afraid of as every good beauty care centre is going to make sure you receive the best service they can offer. They are also quite responsible about not harming anyone who comes to them. With the aid of technology and talented professionals they can solve all of your beauty problems once and for all.For anyone who wishes to solve their beauty problems fast and without any additional problems, going to the professionals to get their care is the best choice of action. However, you have to go to the right beauty care centre to receive that kind of professional care and get positive results.
When it comes to your body, you will have a lot of a lot of insecurities. These insecurities will lower your self-esteem, keep you from trying Fashion that you are interested in and will also bring about mental pressure. If you are having such insecurities, you have to make sure that you take an action against them so you can be free from the mental pressures and self-esteem issues. One of the most commonly troubled areas of the body is the abdomen. If you’re interested in shaping your abdominal area and improving your posture, one of the best treatments that you can get is an effective abdominoplasty Canberra. If you are interested in getting these treatments, here are some of the most important things that you need to know:
It will not affect your weight
Your weight has a key role to play in deciding your health. Therefore, you should look into maintaining the right weight. If you’re only having issues with the size and the shape of your abdominal area and not with your weight, then one of the best solutions that you have is to get a liposuction Melbourne price treatment. This is the ideal abdomen contouring procedure for those who need sculpting their body. Any of the stretch marks, and scars will be removed when you gain this treatment.
Choose the Surgeon Carefully
If you are to get these treatments, you have to make sure that you choose the surgeon carefully after doing much research. You have to make sure that the surgeon that you choose has the certification as an approval for cosmetic procedures. Therefore, you have to make sure that you look into doing your research to get the treatments from the best in the field. Once you do, all the insecurities that you have about the abdomen area of your body will be put to rest. Therefore, it is best that you make a move today.
Many Benefits will Head Your Way
When you gain these treatments, you will gain many benefits. When your tummy is of the right size, it will make you feel much confident and you will not have to think twice about dressing in your favourite Dress
That is not all, it will bring in a lot of medical benefits as well. One of the best benefits being that it will help uplift the core strength of your body. If you have undergone pregnancy, the condition of diastasis will improve that will help with bloating and also back pains. If you are not clear on how you need to maintain yourself after the treatments, always gain the help of the professionals to guide you through.
Surely, your smile will decide on the way that you look. When you have a bright smile on your face, you will always be getting good impressions. What will decide on the way that your smile looks are your teeth? If there is any kind of an issue with your teeth, it will surely make you hide your smile away. You should not live a life where you hide your smile. If you are having trouble with the way that your teeth look, all that you have to do is to look for the right treatments as there is a lot. In order to choose the best, it is always best that you start by doing your research. If you are interested in getting the best out of your teeth for a beautiful and a bright smile, here are some of the most important things that you need to know:
Do you have Discolored Teeth?
Due to numerous factors, your teeth will tend to discolour. Surely, your smile will not look bright when you have discoloured teeth. Therefore, you have to make sure that you look into providing yourself with the best solutions. If you are in need of bright and white teeth, all that you have to do is to undergo one of the best teeth whitening treatments. With this, it will be much easier for you to avoid the down comings that come to you with the discolourations of the teeth.
The Solution to Chipped and Worn Out Teeth
You might be hiding your smile because your teeth are worn out or chipped. Of course, it will make you feel bad about the way that you look. If so, you should not wait any longer but get treated with cheap porcelain veneers Sydney. There are many benefits that you can gain from this. Some of it is that if they are strong and durable, they bring in a natural looking smile and whatever the kind of smile that you have, they can be made to fit in. With these treatments, your smile will look better like never before.
Do Your Research
Surely, there will be a lot of treatments with different pros and cons. You have to make sure that you do your research on your own in order to discover what is best for you. You can even visit the dentist to get your teeth inspected to get an idea of what treatments are the best for you. Choosing the best treatments are much needed in order to bring about the bright smile.
These three are the best solution to replace your missing tooth/teeth. See your dentist to select what best suits you.A bright smile can brighten a person’s day, give a great first impression, win the hearts of people and can go a long way. Having issues with your teeth can be an obstacle to this. Crooked teeth, stained teeth, missing teeth and chipped teeth are such certain hindrances. No matter how orally healthy we are, no matter how concerned we are about our teeth, there is a high chance that these dental disorders can appear. Fortunately, there are many ways to replace such issues and get your teeth fixed in no time. Let’s see the options available in such situations.
Losing a tooth due to an accident, cavity or an other reason is very unfortunate. A huge gap in our pearly whites can leave a very unappealing. It can also lead to other oral health issues. Getting it fixed might be a solution for many issues. There are several options available. One is the removable partial denture. This is used to replace one or missing tooth with the help of a metal clasp. You can take them out at night or wear only if needed. But it can be very uncomfortable. The other option is a temporary denture which is a short term solution until you get it permanently fixed. You can get these two done through a Brisbane full dentures. Bridges and impacts are permanent options. They are more comfortable.
Our teeth are not white but a bit yellowish. Yet again, a very unpleasant yellow color is not very natural or beautiful. You can get your teeth whitened, bleached or get porcelain veneers through a dentist. There are also several home remedies.
Your teeth can be broken or cracked through various ways. It might be due to over brushing, an accident or not taking care of them well. Either way, a cracked tooth/teeth is not very beautiful. There are several ways to get it fixed. One is dental bonding. This is done by molding the putty to fit the gap and hardening it. Veneers is another option. This can last for unto 30 years. Other good dental prosthetics in Brisbane include crowns and implants. These are more permanent and cannot be easily removed.
This is a issue which can occur through health problems which have been gone untreated. You can get retainers or braces to fix this easily.
There are various illnesses that we might get diagnosed with. Some illnesses are difficult to be managed than certain other illnesses. It is always important to make sure that we take care of ourselves whenever we fall ill. One of the ways to ensure that we take care of ourselves is by making sure that we eat healthy food. When one is diagnosed with an illness such as diabetes, it is important to make sure that we pick and choose what we eat and avoid certain food items at all cost. Therefore, the following are some excellent food items for diabetes patients.
There are certain food items that are loved by many because of its taste and even smell. One such food item is asparagus. Many people love asparagus due to various reasons and the common reason could be because of the various health benefits it provides. Asparagus is a non-starchy vegetable that is high in various anti-oxidants that helps to manage illnesses such as diabetes and cancer in an effective manner. Therefore, when you are out shopping for vegetables, you should purchase some asparagus as it has many health benefits.
Even if you have undergone a colorectal surgery Brisbane or was diagnosed with diabetes, you will always make sure that you eat healthy food. When you are diagnosed with an illness such as diabetes, you will often wonder what type of food items or beverages you need to consume and according to various studies and researches, it is proven that apples are one of the most effective ways to ensure that you manage this illness in a successful manner. Therefore, it is important to make sure that you add a few apples to your daily diet in order to fight your illness well.
If you want to avoid a reliable gastroscopy or diabetes, you need to be mindful of what you eat. Therefore, it is important to make sure that we purchase food items that has various health benefits in order to live a long and healthy life. When it comes to diabetes, most people wonder what they should eat even though the decision is not too hard if you do a little bit of research. Broccoli is known to be one of the common types of vegetables that has various health benefits. The most common reason why many are being advised to add broccoli to their diet is because it is a non-starchy vegetable. Therefore, it is an excellent vegetable for someone with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to make sure that you consume good food in order to be healthy. If you are someone who is suffering from diabetes, the above are some excellent food items to add to your diet.
A human body is very complex to understand; however, with years of research and innovation, science has covered much part of the human anatomy. This is the main reason for which various types of medicinal drugs have come-up in the market. The prime reason of so much variety of drugs and medicines is to restore human health and make everyone fit and healthy. We all know that the human body is connected internally; all the systems and organs are co-related to each other. Suppose you get a back pain, it is not necessary that the pain is triggered from that same area, it also occurs from other areas too.
Get relief from your body pain
In such situation osteopath comes into play. They are professional in treating different types of body pains and sickness. The physician in this field does muscle and bone movement, by pushing it and massage it in the right manner.
The expert knows all about the human anatomy, like where the nerves are located, joints and muscles, connective tissues and the total human skeleton. If you do a small research, you can easily find such type of osteopathy clinics in your area that are good in offering pain relief therapy.
There are clinics that are top in such type of service and some that are not competent. Hence, you need to be careful in choosing the right pain therapy center.
There are different criteria that you need to focus to choose the right osteopathic center. When choosing a clinic, you need to make sure that it is a license one. It must be registered and accredited center. The doctors in the center should be authentic and must you requirements.
Make a background check of the doctor and their education profile. Every year new innovation and technologies are coming; hence, a professional doctor should have the expertise in understanding such changes.
Osteopathic clinic is competent in offering sports therapy and other types of treatments for injuries. One thing you need to keep in your mind that an osteopathic expert offer a series of sessions to make sure the pain is gone permanently. Therefore, choosing the right physician will make you feel good and at the same time your pain will be gone. If you are looking for such type of pain relieving therapy, then the internet would be the best place to look for such clinics and experts. Just by spending a few hours online, you can easily locate the best osteopath clinic near you. Now, relieving pain in the best way sounds easy with top notch health solutions. | <urn:uuid:cea3782d-9a00-4267-8820-f8799720b302> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://cerealsciencecork.com/2018/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400209999.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200923050545-20200923080545-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.968543 | 4,025 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Creating the Illusion of Space with Light
Do your rooms look and feel way too cramped? Would you like a more spacious living environment, either for yourself or potential homebuyers? Fortunately, you can create the impression of more space — without expensive room enlargements or mirrored walls. The key is proper light.
As the term suggests, light distribution is the projected pattern of illumination that a bulb or fixture disperses onto a given object or surface. Since brightness contributes to the impression of spaciousness, ideal light distribution patterns are those that create a sufficiently bright environment. This requires distributing light equally across all surfaces, thereby minimizing shadows and maximizing the sensation of roominess.
To create equal light distribution, designers often implement a technique called light layering. Based on the notion that no single illumination source is enough to get the job done, light layering utilizes multiple light sources to produce a desired effect. For bright, space-enhancing illumination, light layering strategies create even, ambient illumination in a given environment. Often used for this purpose are a combination of downlights, pendants, cove lighting, and wall washing.
Expanding Space with Color
Reflected light contributes largely to brightness and, therefore, spaciousness – the more illumination bouncing off of surfaces, the brighter the environment. Hence, anything that promotes light reflectivity is an efficient ‘space expander’.
White surfaces are among the best reflectivity enhancers, as this color absorbs the least and reflects the largest quantities of light. Based on this scientific fact, space-conscious individuals should employ white and pale (white-saturated) color schemes on walls to the greatest possible extent. Along with white, shades such as pale green and pale blue are excellent choices. The dark blue walls may be trendy on Pinterest right now, but light-absorbing like this will turn a small room into a closet.
Shine Where You Walk
Flooring also can provide reflective advantages. Light bounces wonderfully off of floors with a rich, gloss finish, adding space-enhancing brightness to a room. Carpeting, particularly the thick kind, will work against you – that layer of polypropylene, nylon, or polyester absorbs rather than reflects light. Even throw rugs and mats will swallow up precious illumination.
Accent lighting generally is not recommended when space expansion is desired – this type of illumination will throw unwanted shadows into a room, thereby dimming rather than brightening. There is, however, one type of accent lighting that can help expand spaces – backlighting. Backlighting is the technique of fixing a light source behind a particular object (such as a sculpture), thereby creating the impression of greater depth. Optimal spots for this type of lighting are alcoves, below cabinets, underneath furniture, behind screens, and beneath steps.
While many types of lighting solutions are suitable for space-enhancement, LEDs have proven the most promising. LEDs not only maintain their brightness levels longer than conventional bulbs, they offer the most precise light distribution. | <urn:uuid:c702cd6a-9d58-4007-a1a4-c7ef2d68b03f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blog.lsgc.com/create-more-space-through-light-distribution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896257 | 612 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Ed. is a research-based, year-round program that incorporates play into children’s daily learning routines to enhance their growth and development.
Guided play is gaining traction as a great scaffolding approach to learning new concepts. Research shows that high-quality instruction and high-quality free play do not have to compete for time in the classroom. Doing both well makes each one richer. Use Learn Every Day®: The Program for Infants, Toddlers, and Twos, 2nd Ed., to provide nurturing and play-encouraging environments for children in your program.
Encourage exploration and discovery with skill kits designed to support the brain-based principles of Learn Every Day®: The Pre-K Curriculum, 2nd Ed.
Access online learning to support your implementation of Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Edition
Make every day a learning experience! Each book features 100 activites organized by curriculum area for children ages 3 to 6. 128 pages each.
The Foundations book does just that - it is your foundation to prepare you to implement the curriculum in the best possible manner. Foundations for Learning, the cornerstone of Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, includes information from top early childhood educators on the philosophy and research behind the curriculum. Designed to help teachers arrange and manage the early childhood environment, this resource features content written by experts in the field of early childhood education. It was designed to help teachers implement developmentally appropriate, culturally relevant activities for all learners. It can also be viewed as your critical first read for a successful implementation.
Yes, you should introduce children to the units in the order they are presented. However, as long as you complete volume one before moving to volume two, you have some flexibility to adapt the curriculum to your classroom. For example, you may skip to Unit 34 "Bugs & Spiders" when you notice the caterpillars and butterflies outside your window, even though your class is on Unit 31 "Dinosaurs".
Keep in mind, that as you progress through the curriculum, each unit becomes increasingly complex. You will need to review the developmental sequence of domain specific activities in both units to ensure you are modifying instruction to meet your student's current level of understanding.
Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Ed., is a very intuitive program that is easy to implement without additional training. The basics of how to use the program and how to set up the environment for all types of learners are provided in Learn Every Day®: Foundations for Learning, 2nd. Ed., included in the curriculum. To improve the fidelity of the implementation, programs may wish to participate in our additional professional development opportunities.
Access online learning to support your implementation of Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Ed., with Foundations for Learning Every Day (Item: 28676 | $30.00).
For more professional development options, call 1-800-334-2014 ext. 3252 or request more information
Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Ed may be used for both full-day and half-day programs.
Learn Every Day®: The Preschool Curriculum, 2nd Ed. supports learning and development for children ages 3 to 5, and in mixed groups. Programs can easily adapt the curriculum to meet needs for mixed-age classrooms, where some children might remain in the same classroom for two years.
It is important to note that children build on prior knowledge–children exposed to specific topics at age 3 will have a totally different reaction at age 4! During the second exposure to topics, children are more likely to expand on their knowledge and take their learning experience to a higher, more in-depth level.
While the units were designed to last approximately one week each, you can easily extend them so that they last more than one week. By adding projects and using the alternative activities provided in each unit, the curriculum can be presented across a longer time span. This is when you may wish to add the supplemental "Learn Every Day" series book set to your implementation.
No. A detailed materials list is provided with each lesson, using low-cost and common preschool classroom items. You may find that you do not have all the items listed; it's okay to substitute!
We offer pre-assembled kits with author-selected items designed to enhance the implementation. Learn more in the Learn Every Day® Supplemental Kits tab.
Remember, learning is a process, not a product, whereby children experience new and exciting ways to explore
No, you do not need to purchase the suggested children’s books mentioned throughout the curriculum. If you cannot find the title at the public library or shared lending libraries, you may substitute for another relevant book. If you wish to purchase the books, many are available from Kaplan Early Learning Company.
Yes. Learn Every Day® is aligned to State Standards and Head Start Outcomes. We also offer correlations and classroom product lists to the Environment Rating Scales (ECERS-R® & ECERS-3®) and other quality initiatives. You may find alignments in the Resources tab above. We are currently updating alignments by request. Don’t see your state? Request an alignment. | <urn:uuid:2f8ae6a9-201a-4269-9661-18f635e18065> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.kaplanco.com/LearnEveryDay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735881.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804161521-20200804191521-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.941019 | 1,101 | 3.234375 | 3 |
If decisions are to be delegated to artificially intelligent machines, we need to appreciate the limits of intelligence without cognition
Wired has just published an article – How to teach artificial intelligence some common sense – discussing the growing recognition that machine-based deep learning algorithms, whilst proving incredibly successful at undertaking and even exceeding us at some human-like tasks, such as face recognition and learning to play games, are still a long way from mimicking human-level cognition. An artificial intelligence learns optimal choices by training on vast quantities of data, either using existing data archives or by running thousands of simulations of a defined scenario. Make a small change to the scenario and a human will immediately adapt, even if with only limited success initially. We have the ability to create mental images about what impact the change will have, and adjust our actions accordingly. The AI doesn’t adapt, it has to relearn.
There is another limitation with AIs. They don’t really know anything about the real world. Sure, they can learn from massive data sets and potentially spot minor differences between images that would be difficult for the human eye to perceive. But that comes from studying millions of images down to the level of individual pixels. What the data archive doesn’t tell them is what are the natural limits for any one object. How does a human figure this out? Through experience and generalisations that enable us to separate the impossible from the possible and, more importantly, the implausible from the plausible.
To give an example:
A recent advancement in deep learning – the use of artificial neural networks to train a machine intelligence – has been the introduction of a generative adversarial network (GAN) method. The GAN is a neural network composed of two datasets that compete with each other. Without getting into the technical details (there’s a link under references if you want a good simple introduction), it identifies what makes two images both different and similar.
GANs can be used to create new images by incorporating features unique to each data set. For example, taking pictures of men wearing sunglasses, and women not wearing sunglasses, the algorithm will digitally create a realistic image of a woman wearing sunglasses that does not look like a simple copy/paste. The GAN can not only add sunglasses, it can create entirely new faces, with and without glasses, that look like real photos of real people but in reality are fake photos of non-existent people.
However, there is a limit to this ability. When research about GANs began to be made public, one of the examples was turning a zebra into a horse and vice versa. I was sitting in a seminar about this and, given I know a bit about horses, I paid a bit more attention to the results. Because one set was convincing, whilst the other was not. The image is included below:
To explain what is going on. Each image on the left is a real photo. Each image on the right has been created artificially by the GAN. In the top case (zebra -> horse), the real image is of a pair of zebras scratching. The GAN-generated image has taken the image of the zebras and converted it into horses. Now this example isn’t bad. Look closely and you can see some oddities. But if somebody presented the right-hand image to me, at first blush I would say it was a picture of a pair of native-breed horses… and there’s the rub. Horses come in all shapes and sizes, and include a lot of native breeds with short stubby legs and big ears. But horses can also have long legs and little ears. And their confirmation will determine how gracefully they move. I have yet to see a picture of a zebra that does not have short stubby legs. No zebra is going to win a horse race, dressage or jumping competition any time soon.
This leads on to the bottom pair of images, horse -> zebra. The image on the left is a real photo of a horse. The image on the right is GAN-generated to make a zebra from the picture of a horse. Not on Earth will you find a zebra moving like that. It’s a clever application of zebra colouring to a horse. But the outline and leg position means it is without doubt a horse.
The reason for labouring this point is that this example happened to be from a domain that I have expertise in. So I can easily see it is a fake. But it makes you wonder what other domains have reality limitations that an artificial image-generator fails to understand? If such techniques are used to create synthetic data for use in real-world scenarios, we need to be aware of those limitations.
A final example, mostly because it’s an excuse to include pictures of my old horses. The image below is of two of my showjumpers scratching on an early spring day back in 2004. I could hand this photo to a human with experience of horses and they would immediately be able to say a) it’s late winter/early spring, b) the bay (brown) horse is probably in competition, c) the grey horse is probably old, and d) they are both horses not zebras.
Why? The bay mare has been clipped (you can see the change in colour of her coat at the top of her legs) and is wearing protective boots. She’s also in competition condition. The grey mare looks woolly but is shedding her coat (bits of it are visible on the floor). And she has a dropped belly that never recovered post-pregnancy, typical of an older mare. Recolour them with zebra stripes and they still wouldn’t be zebras. 🙂
- How To Teach Artificial Intelligence Some Common Sense – Wired,
- Generative Adversarial Networks – A Deep Learning Architecture – Gautam Ramachandra, 5 November 2017
- Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks – Zhu et al, Aug 2018
Header image: author’s own photos (any excuse for horse pictures). Same two mares scratching at different locations. And the grey from her younger days before that dropped belly (with a much younger author on board)… 🙂 | <urn:uuid:300caf31-26d7-4e3d-966f-688d20d2ce5f> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://joiningdots.com/2018/11/14/machine-and-deep-learning-limits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585177.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20211017113503-20211017143503-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.948049 | 1,302 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Many of us have the illusion that we think comprehensively, but we don’t. We cannot take in multitudes of information, assimilate it, and make it valuable in any meaningful way; we take in information in sequence. It isn’t possible to simultaneously process in parallel multiple potent stimuli and do it effectively. You can demonstrate this to yourself by performing the following thought experiment.
Visualize the alphabet in capital letters.
How many letters have “curved” lines in them?
Notice how you think. You see the letters flash before you “one by one,” sequentially, not spontaneously. It’s like watching a slide show. We think no faster than the speed of life. If you are still uncertain, try counting forward to 100 by threes, and backwards by sevens simultaneously.
Because we think sequentially and no faster than the speed of life, we cannot pay attention to everything effectively. Our attention becomes too scattered to be of any use. You’ll find that your intention will create criteria, which will determine what—out of the vast range of possible experiences—you are attending to at the time, will help you reach your goal. In short, what you intend determines what you perceive in your world.
Let us imagine that your intention is to make a canoe. You will have, at first, some idea of the kind of canoe you wished to make. You will visualize the kind of canoe you wish to make. You will visualize the canoe, then you will go into the woods and look at the trees. Your desired outcome will determine your criteria for the tree you need. Your criteria might involve size, usefulness, and beauty of the tree. Criteria both filter your perceptions and invest a particular situation with meaning and thereby, informs your experience and behavior at the time. Out of the many trees in the woods, you will end up focusing on the few that meet your criteria, until you find the perfect tree.
You will cut the tree down; remove the branches from the trunk; take off the bark; hollow out the trunk; carve the outside shape of the hull; form the prow and the stern; and then, perhaps, carve decorations on the prow. In this way you will produce the canoe.
The process is so ordinary, so simple, so direct that we fail to see the beauty and simplicity of it. You have the intention to make a canoe, visualize an outcome, and give birth to something whole, a canoe. Your intention to make a canoe gives you direction and also imposes criteria on your choices, consciously and unconsciously.
Intention has a way of bringing to our awareness only those things that our brain deems important. You’ll begin to see ideas for your canoe pop up everywhere in your environment. You’ll see them in tables, magazines, on television, and in other structures, while walking down the street. You’ll see them in the most unlikely things, such as a refrigerator, that you use every day without giving them much thought. How the brain accomplishes such miracles has long been is one of neuroscience’s great mysteries.
Your Thoughts are Tiny Spins
We have all played with magnets when we were children. A magnetized object consists of a multitude of tiny little elements called “spins” (see the illustration). Each spin has a particular orientation corresponding to the direction of its magnetic field. In general, these spins will point in different directions, so that their magnetic fields cancel each other out (disordered spins are illustrated on the left). Spins pointing in opposite directions repel each other, like the north poles of two magnets that are brought together.
However, when the temperature decreases, the spins spontaneously align themselves, so that they all point in the same direction. Instead of cancelling each other, the different magnetic fields now support each other, producing a strong overall pattern. Spins pointing in the same direction attract each other, like the North Pole of one magnet attracts the South Pole of another magnet. Magnetization is a good example of how forces aligned in the same direction attract and reinforce each other to create a dynamic, natural pattern. In the image on the left, the pattern is inconsistent and incoherent, while in the image on the right, the pattern is straight, coherent, and dynamic.
Think of your thoughts as tiny spins in your brain. If you have no intention to be or to do something, your thoughts are disordered, with no direction, much like the tiny spins on the left. When you have a real intention to be or to do something, your thoughts now have purpose and automatically align with each other to form a dynamic mental state of awareness aimed in the direction of the intention.
This mental state is evident in the work of Hashem Akbari, an environmental activist and a scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who is always thinking of ways to offset carbon dioxide emissions. His intention to offset carbon dioxide guides his observations in daily life. One day he noticed a house with a white roof that reminded him of the large white structures in the Iranian desert that he saw as a child. The white structures captured the night wind to cool the building, keeping the people inside comfortable.
This observation startled him because he realized that “dark” materials absorb heat; and whereas if roofs were “white,” the roofs would reflect the heat. Musing, he wondered about what the effect would be if all roofs were white. After making a study of the matter, he concluded that, if the 100 largest cities in the world replaced their dark roofs with white surfaces, and their asphalt-based roads with concrete or other light-colored materials, it could offset 44 billion tons of carbon dioxide. According to Akbari’s Island Group, this is equivalent to taking the world’s approximately 600 million cars off the road for 18 years. That amounts to more greenhouse gas than the entire human population emits in one year.
Akbari’s intention tuned his brain to a higher level, which substantially increased the likelihood of him noticing opportunities in his environment. Your brain processes only a tiny portion of your environment at a time. It risks being overwhelmed by the volume of information that bombards you every waking moment. Your brain compensates by filtering out the 99.9 percent of your environment that doesn’t matter to you.
“Intention” works. Try a simple experiment: focus on a penny. Visualize it. Now say to yourself silently that you are going to find a penny on the ground. Then, look for the penny every time you take a walk. Concentrate on finding a penny. After you find a penny, go looking for a second one. How long did it take to find the first penny? Compare the time it takes to find the second penny with the time it took to find the first? Now look for a third, fourth, and fifth, and so on. You will amaze yourself with the number of lost pennies on the ground that you previously did not see even though they were right before your eyes. | <urn:uuid:9e1eac59-7360-4367-a0c0-7b40035b1584> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://creativethinking.net/what-you-think-about-you-bring-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886108268.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821114342-20170821134342-00348.warc.gz | en | 0.949254 | 1,459 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Aluminum Alloy Nomenclature and Temper Designations
The most widely accepted alloy and temper designation system for aluminum and its alloys is maintained by the Aluminum Association and recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as the American National Standard Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum (ANSI H35.1). This article provides a detailed discussion on the alloy and temper designation system for aluminum and its alloys. The Aluminum Association alloy designations are grouped as wrought and cast alloys. Lengthy tables provide information on alloying elements in wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys; nominal composition of aluminum alloy castings; typical mechanical properties of wrought and cast aluminum alloys in various temper conditions; and cross references to former and current cast aluminum alloy designations.
Aluminum Alloy Nomenclature and Temper Designations, Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys, Vol 4E, ASM Handbook, Edited By George E. Totten, ASM International, 2016, p 114–136, https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006251
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:c91d5225-81a4-43ee-bb25-79192f986740> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://dl.asminternational.org/technical-books/edited-volume/10/chapter-abstract/118301/Aluminum-Alloy-Nomenclature-and-Temper?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510498.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929054611-20230929084611-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.843893 | 244 | 3.0625 | 3 |
St Edith Stein (1881-1942) came from a large German Jewish family. Very bright and academically inclined, she had a brilliant university career in philosophy and became assistant to the famous philosopher Edmund Husserl. She had considered herself an atheist since she was thirteen, but by her mid-twenties she was again reflecting on questions about God, without wishing to commit herself. Then one night at a friend’s place she dipped into the autobiography of St Teresa of Avila, sat up all night to finish it, and decided to become a Catholic. She was already well-known as a philosopher and as an advocate for women in the early German feminist movement when Nazi anti-Semitic laws excluded her from public life.
In 1933 she joined the Carmelite nuns and her writings took on a much more mystical character. Despite a move to Holland which was thought would save her, Edith and her sister Rosa were arrested at the Carmel of Echt on 2 August 1942 and shipped to Auschwitz. They were dead a week later. Edith’s last recorded words were: “Come, Rosa, let us go for our people.” She stands for study, wisdom, heroism, the search for God, acceptance of what cannot be changed, and of all that binds Judaism and Christianity together. Her feast is celebrated on 9 August.
God of the Covenant, walking always with us, guide us on the way of acceptance, understanding, respecting all ways to you, reconciliation. Help us to know that racism and reconciliation are not abstracts but allies. Give us the courage to replace fear with welcome. Grant us the love to be peacemakers. And lead us to discover in Saint Edith Stein that trust in you that is the only way to bringing peace to this battered world.
Edith Stein’s House Charity is the Movember Foundation and since 2017 we have donated funds specifically to their men’s mental health and suicide prevention programs, and to support prostate and testicular cancer research. The Movember Foundation was set up in 2003 by former Whitefriars College students, Adam Garone, Travis Garone, Luke Slattery (Class of 1991) and it is now a global fundraising foundation. Our focus in Stein House is to raise awareness of important men’s health issues and to support programs and research done within Australia. To support our House Charity, we have House raffles and fund-raising blitz weeks, along with our annual ‘Movember in May’ drive that aims to promote greater understanding of these men’s health issues and initiatives, both within Stein and the wider College community. Representatives of Movember have visited the Stein students on our House Feast Day, and have spoken to the whole College community at College Assemblies. | <urn:uuid:eb2b08b6-59ca-4725-bdfd-6b90ee16bf23> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.whitefriars.vic.edu.au/wellbeing-and-pastoral-care/pastoral-care-system/edith-stein/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585696.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023130922-20211023160922-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.972761 | 571 | 2.640625 | 3 |
BANGKOK (AlertNet) – Women’s roles and needs have been neglected in climate discussions, despite women being particularly vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters and extreme weather events, activists said on the sidelines of the first U.N. climate negotiations of the year
“In climate change-induced disasters it is primarily the poor who have suffered the most, the majority of whom are women,” Anne Maina from the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) told journalists in Bangkok, where the weeklong United Nations-led climate talks are being held.
“If you compare women to men, women have limited access to resources, they have limited access to credit lines, they don’t hold titles to the land, they do not have collateral,” Maina said.
Such imbalances in social relations - which also include women being subordinated, excluded from decision-making and having their movement limited - makes them more vulnerable in times of disasters, activists said.
Experts say there is a strong correlation between women’s empowerment in their everyday lives and their survival rate in disasters. Studies show women are up to 14 times more likely than men to die from natural disasters.
According to the New York-based Women’s Environment and Development Organisation (WEDO), 70 to 80 percent of those who died in the 2004 Asian tsunami were women.
Other climate impacts also affect women more acutely, activists said.
IMPACTS ON WOMEN
Women and the children they care for are particularly susceptible to insect- and water-borne diseases such as malaria and diarrhoea that are expected to increase with rising temperatures associated with climate change.
Women are also the main producers of food in some parts of the world, providing 70 percent of agricultural labour in sub-Saharan Africa. Erratic rainfall, worsening droughts and increasing temperatures will make producing sufficient food more complicated in many regions, experts say.
Even the simple act of collecting water and fuel, which falls on women in rural Africa and Asia, is expected to become more difficult in many places. As resources become scarcer, women often must spend more time finding them and travel further from home, raising safety concerns, leaving them less energy for other tasks and often leading to girls being pulled out of school to assist their mothers.
Women’s role and needs so far have not been sufficiently taken into account in discussions on how to tackle climate change, Maina said. She said she feared the current trajectory of the talks could lead to worsening vulnerability for women.
The Cancun Agreement, which revived progress toward a binding global deal to tackle climate change when it was reached in December, falls far short of achieving the emissions reductions scientists say are needed to prevent the worst impacts of climate change and will not provide sufficient funds to support poorer countries in coping with the impacts, activists said.
Meena Raman, a spokeswoman for Friends of the Earth International, called the agreement unacceptable.
BINDING DEAL NEEDED
“A top-down approach (to cutting emissions), with binding targets, like that envisioned in the Kyoto process, must be agreed this year” at the year’s main climate negotiating session in South Africa, she said.
Pledges of emissions reductions without binding commitments, particularly by richer countries, “make further climate impacts inevitable and shift the burden of cutting emissions to poor women across Asia, Africa and Latin America,” she charged.
There are some signs of progress, however, at this week’s talks, part of ongoing international negotiations aimed at agreeing a new binding global treaty to curb and address the impacts of climate change.
Finland’s special representative on climate change and gender, Aira Kalela, said her country is supporting the Global Gender and Climate Alliance, aimed at increasing women’s participation in activities to address climate change. The alliance was launched four years ago at U.N. negotiations in Bali, Indonesia.
The alliance has helped bring about 70 female delegates from developing countries, mostly in Africa and Asia, to take part in the Bangkok negotiations. It also has helped countries including Nepal and Bangladesh integrate women’s concerns into national plans to respond to climate change. | <urn:uuid:b79e54b3-3780-4c5a-b1cf-32022a39c11a> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.trust.org/item/?map=women-more-vulnerable-but-neglected-in-climate-talks-activists | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246647589.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045727-00157-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961312 | 869 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Coal is formed by chemical changes to plant material over a period of many years, converting it to combustible rock composed of carbon and other elements like oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur and nitrogen. Coal is extracted from the ground and transported to Georgia from other states.
The Role of Coal in Powering Georgia
Coal accounted for 62 percent of Georgia Power's energy portfolio in 2011 and was once the most-used electric power source in the United States. Currently, power generated from coal energy is more economically affordable than most other methods.
In our role as stewards of our environment, Georgia Power has invested significantly in cleaner emission technology and development of alternative energy sources like solar and nuclear power.
Coal makes electricity through combustion. The coal is pulverized into a fine powder or gasified state. The fuel burns in a large furnace that superheats water into pressurized steam. The steam carries tremendous force, which is used to turn turbine blades that spin electric generators. The steam is then condensed back into water and returned to the system for reuse.
The byproducts of combustion leaving the plant are in the form of gas emissions or solids residue called particulates. Close to 99 percent of particulates are removed by equipment called electrostatic precipitators. Many coal plants are also fitted with additional emission control technologies that help minimize the quantities and impacts of gaseous emissions.Learn more about Coal
How Georgia Power Generates Electricity
Georgia Power is working to permanently close all of its 29 ash ponds located around 11 coal-fired generation facilities across the state. The company is committed to closing the facilities safely and in compliance with all state and federal regulations while ensuring reliable service to customers. This page is your central resource for useful information and updates on this process.
How We Manage Waste & CCR
Georgia Power promotes reuse of significant amounts of waste from coal-related power generation. Read how we manage waste and coal-combustion byproducts.
CCR Rule Compliance Information, Ground Monitoring and Dewatering
We’re preparing to permanently close our 29 ash ponds at 11 coal-fired plants across the state. Read details about the process as we work toward this goal. | <urn:uuid:73f431ec-d6fd-4eef-8785-ad0e1db57ebf> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.georgiapower.com/company/energy-industry/generating-plants/fossil-plants.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647576.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321043531-20180321063531-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.94535 | 443 | 3.765625 | 4 |
There's a cool new bit of photographic magic from the same group of imaging geeks who created the program GigaPan, which creates perfect panoramic photographs with the help of a robot-controlled tripod. Now you can see panoramas change over time.
GigaPan creators Randy Sargent and Illah Nourbakhsh, formerly of NASA, perfected the GigaPan software at Carnegie-Mellon. GigaPan is a quick and simple way to document panoramic views - whether that's a vast landscape, or just a flower box that you want to capture in granular, zoomable detail.
Matthew Sisk, an archaeologist at Stony Brook University in New York, has found the technology useful for his work on palaeolithic sites in south-west France. As a site is excavated, it is crucial that each artefact found there is recorded in its original spatial context. Careful note-taking and photography are the norm, but Sisk has gone a step further: he builds 3D computer models of each layer of soil as the excavation proceeds. Now, with the aid of the robotic tripod, he can electronically drape a GigaPan image of the relevant layer over the model for virtual exploration at a later date.
"Archaeology is by its nature a destructive process; we cannot go back after we have excavated a layer," says Sisk. "Being able to refer back with this level of resolution to areas we finished even one or two years ago is invaluable."
NASA researchers are testing the software for use in the next Martian rover. Barras continues:
Sargent and Nourbakhsh's former colleagues at NASA have begun using a version of the GigaPan tripod in field tests in Arizona of their Lunar Electric Rovers. "To be able to view an entire crater in one view while being able to zoom in to a particular rock is an enormously useful tool for geologists trying to characterise how the crater was formed," says Susan Young Lee at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. "I believe it is the logical next step to have a system like GigaPan on future missions."
You can see more of the time-lapse GigaPans here, or check out some of the panoramas done during tests for NASA's new Martian rover visual system. | <urn:uuid:c4aea219-de77-47b6-a562-c2ebc54e62b6> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://io9.com/5697516/incredible-panoramic-time-lapse-views-of-plants-carnival-construction-and-mars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510276250.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011756-00443-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949907 | 485 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The Yukon Quest is a 1,000 mile sled dog race between Fairbanks, Alaska and Whitehorse, in the Yukon. This year, 23 mushers and their 14-dog teams braved the elements for nine to twelve days, traveling scantily marked trails, over mountain ranges, along frozen rivers and through forests, stopping to resupply at just ten checkpoints along the route. Our class was particularly interested in following Hank Debruin and his team of Siberian Huskies, from Haliburton, Ontario. They have completed both the 1,000 mile Iditarod, and the Yukon Quest twice before.
Prior to the February 6th start of the Yukon Quest, students watched videos and read articles that provided background about Alaskan and Siberian Huskies, the equipment and food that mushers use on the trail, and the challenges they were likely to face in the northern wilderness.
Next, students wrote mini-biographies about all of the musher's in this year's race, by summarizing information posted on the Yukon Quest website. Students were particularly impressed to learn that one of this year's rookie mushers was a nineteen year old girl from Minnesota. Other mushers hailed from across North America and Europe. One musher was a Japanese woman, now living and training in Whitehorse.
Another aspect of our Yukon Quest unit was a reading challenge. The goal was to read for 1,000 minutes faster than Hank Debruin and his dogs could run 1,000 miles on the trail. We tracked everyone's progress on a door-sized graph.
All of the mushers carry SPOT Trackers on their sleds, so each morning we went online to see how far the teams had progressed on the trail. We plotted Hank's progress on a trail map.
We also graphed and compared the temperature in Washago with the temperature in Alaska/Yukon, throughout the race. At one point, we were surprised to see that it was colder in Central Ontario than in the far north!
Our temperature is in red. Hank's is in blue!
We also practiced estimating and calculating elapsed time, by trying to predict when Hank's team would reach one of the checkpoints based on his position and the speed he was moving. Groups of students then shared the methods they used to calculate an answer, and their time estimates.
Hank beat our Eagle checkpoint estimate by 10 minutes. All of the dogs he was running, at that point in the race, were veterans of the 2014 Quest, so they knew the trail. We are guessing the team sped up on their final approach to Eagle, knowing that they would soon be receiving a warm meal and a nice, long rest!
Mushers start with 14 dogs, and can drop off dogs that are not feeling up to continuing, at any checkpoint. However, once a dog is dropped it cannot be replaced or resume the race. Dropped dogs are cared for by the musher's support team until the race is over.
Unfortunately, this year Hank had many road blocks thrown in his path from the very beginning. In the first three days after leaving the start line in Fairbanks, Hank and some of his dogs experienced ill health, and an important trail sign disappeared, causing Hank and several other mushers to take a lengthy, incorrect detour in the mountains, and then backtrack to the main trail. One of Hank's dogs, "Charlie," who had not been exhibiting any signs of illness and had just been cleared by race vets (dogs receive mandatory vet exams at most checkpoints), collapsed on the trail without warning, and had to be rushed back to the previous checkpoint, at Central, for medical care. Fortunately, she made a full recovery.
Illness, detours and caring for Charlie added many more miles to the early days of Hank's Quest. On the evening of Day 3, Hank left the Circle checkpoint in last place by ten hours, with just nine dogs on his team. Despite this, he continued down the frozen Yukon River, to Eagle, Alaska.
These are photos Hank's wife, Tanya, took of the team leaving for Eagle:
After leaving the Eagle checkpoint, Hank's team ascended a peak called American Summit. When he was almost at the top, he turned around and headed back down the mountain to Eagle. We found out later that he had encountered blizzard conditions, and elected to return to the safety of the previous checkpoint overnight, for the sake of the dogs. When dawn rose the following day, the trail had been obliterated by one to two feet of drifting snow, and Hank didn't have the heart to ask his small team to re-climb the mountain and then break trail on their own for over 100 miles, just to reach the mid-point of the race in Dawson City. For the first time in his racing career, Hank decided to end his race early.
Although sad to see Hank's race end early, students in our class understood that Hank had put the welfare of his dogs ahead of his aspirations to complete the race. Hank became a hero to our class, in a way that he likely cannot even imagine. Students sent Hank heartfelt messages of support, and elected to finish the race on his behalf by continuing their reading challenge until the last musher in the race crossed the finish line.
This year's totals, in the Hank Debruin Reading Challenge," are impressive! Students in our class read for a combined total of 40,055 minutes, over three weeks. We want to sincerely thank Hank Debruin, his wife Tanya, and their amazing dogs for inspiring so much great learning, via their Quest!! We are hoping Hank will come to class, to present the reading challenge certificates, and share some of his amazing Iditarod and Yukon Quest experiences, once the racing season is over.
In related news... Earlier in the school year, Mrs. Black won a copy of a novel about dog sledding, written by an author living in Whitefish Falls, Ontario. Throughout the month of February, we enjoyed the book as our class read-aloud. The author, Terry Lynn Johnson, will be Skyping with us about the book, and her experiences as a dog sledder, author and conservation officer in early March!
Other curriculum-based ideas and resources for tracking the Yukon Quest with students are located on Mrs. Black's website: http://blackdeer.ca/YukonQuest11/index.html
Thank you for visiting our class BLOG. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to e-mail me (Margaret Black): [email protected] or to add a comment to this page. | <urn:uuid:7651648e-2c42-4558-b084-40c31d04c178> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://blackdeer.edublogs.org/2016/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572934.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916200355-20190916222355-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.975574 | 1,371 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Republicans believe in the following principles:
Republicans BELIEVE in the strength of our nation lies with the individual and that
each person’s dignity, freedom, ability and responsibility must be honored.
Republicans BELIEVE in equal rights, equal justice, and equal opportunity for all,
regardless of race, creed, sex, age, or disability.
Republicans BELIEVE in free enterprise and encouraging individual initiative which
have brought this nation opportunity, economic growth and prosperity.
Republicans BELIEVE government must practice fiscal responsibility and allow individuals to keep more of the money they earn.
Republicans BELIEVE the proper role of government is to provide for the people only
those critical functions that cannot be performed by individuals or private organizations, and that the best government is that which governs least.
Republicans BELIEVE the most effective, responsible and responsive government is
government closest to the people.
Republicans BELIEVE Americans must retain the principles that have made us strong
while developing new and innovative ideas to meet the challenges of changing times.
Republicans BELIEVE Americans value and should preserve our national strength and
pride while working to extend peace, freedom and human rights throughout the world.
Finally, Republicans BELIEVE the Republication Party is the best vehicle for translating
these ideals into positive and successful principles of government. | <urn:uuid:2245ef70-cc07-4836-94cc-515042c4c5a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://www.gilagop.com/?page_id=12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103877410.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630183616-20220630213616-00543.warc.gz | en | 0.895832 | 273 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Laser-driven particle accelerators can accelerate electrons to energies in excess of 1 GeV over a distance of just a few centimetres. An innovative technique that drastically reduces the computational demands of simulating laser–plasma interactions should help increase this to tens of gigaelectronvolts.
Nature Physics – Exploring laser-wakefield-accelerator regimes for near-term lasers using particle-in-cell simulation in Lorentz-boosted frames
Plasma-based acceleration offers compact accelerators with potential applications for high-energy physics and photon sources. The past five years have seen an explosion of experimental results with monoenergetic electron beams up to 1 GeV on a centimetre-scale, using plasma waves driven by intense lasers. The next decade will see tremendous increases in laser power and energy, permitting beam energies beyond 10 GeV. Leveraging on the Lorentz transformations to bring the laser and plasma spatial scales together, we have reduced the computational time for modelling laser–plasma accelerators by several orders of magnitude, including all the relevant physics. This scheme enables the first one-to-one particle-in-cell simulations of the next generation of accelerators at the energy frontier. Our results demonstrate that, for a given laser energy, choices in laser and plasma parameters strongly affect the output electron beam energy, charge and quality, and that all of these parameters can be optimized | <urn:uuid:79278a45-9f9d-47d4-babf-14ef78f3a664> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2010/04/breakthrough-computer-models-will.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689752.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923160736-20170923180736-00283.warc.gz | en | 0.838359 | 286 | 2.84375 | 3 |
In a sequestered section of earth, protected and defined by the towering Himalayas, humankind's relationship with Gods and demons remains vibrant and real. Tibet, known as the "Land of Snows" and the "Rooftop of the World," has borne and continues to nurture the world's most fantastic and other-worldy faiths. The religious landscape of Tibet is as rich and varied as the country's terrain and as intricate as any Tibetan tangka painting. As most inhabitants still do today, early Tibetans regarded the earth, air and waters as home to a specific hierarchy of spirits, both helpful and harmful. In daily life, they sought to appease the wrathful "demons" and to enlist the beneficent deities. These practices were formalized in some cases. In others, they have remained isolated, private traditions or secret knowledge, loosely grouped together today as shamanism or animism. Modern Tibetan Buddhism shares Tibet with a religion that has uncertain links to this past. This religion is Bon. It has a limited traceable history, substantial traditional literature and detailed ritual codes. More and more, Western scholars are studying Bon, as the world slowly learns of yet another ancient way mankind seeks the Truth. The following sympathetic yet academic study is drawn from The Bon Religion of Tibet (1995, Shambhala, Boston) by Per Kvaerne, professor of the History of Religions and Tibetology at the University of Oslo, Norway.
By Per Kvaerne, Oslo
SINCE THE TENTH OR ELEVENTH CENTURY AND UNTIL THE present day there have been two organized religious traditions in Tibet: Buddhism and a faith that is referred to by its Tibetan name, Bon. An adherent of the Bon religion is called Bonpo. A Bonpo is a "believer in Bon,"and for him Bon signifies Truth, Reality or the eternal, unchanging Doctrine in which Truth and Reality are expressed. Thus, Bon has the same range of connotations for its adherents as the Tibetan word cho (chos, translating the Sanskrit term dharma) has for Buddhists. Although limited to Tibet, Bon regards itself as a universal religion in the sense that its doctrines are true and valid for all humanity. The Bonpos also believe that in former times Bon was propagated in many parts of the world (as conceived in their traditional cosmology). For this reason, it is called "Eternal Bon," yungdrung bon.
Western scholars have adopted the Tibetan term Bon together with the corresponding adjective Bonpo to refer to ancient pre-Buddhist as well as later non-Buddhist religious beliefs and practices in Tibet. Hence, in the context of Western scholarship, Bon has no less than three significations:
1. The pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet which was gradually suppressed by Buddhism in the eighth and ninth centuries. This religion appears to have focused on the person of the king, who was regarded as sacred and possessing supernatural powers. Elaborate rituals were carried out by professional priests known as Bonpo. Their religious system was essentially different from Buddhism. The rituals performed by the ancient Bonpo priests were, above all, concerned with ensuring that the soul of a dead person was conducted safely to a postmortem land of bliss, to ensure the happiness of the deceased in the land of the dead and to obtain their beneficial influence for the welfare and fertility of the living.
2. Bon may also refer to a religion that appeared in Tibet in the tenth and eleventh centuries. This religion, which has continued as an unbroken tradition until the present day, has numerous and obvious points of similarity with Buddhism with regard to doctrine and practice. The fact that the adherents of this religion, the Bonpos--of whom there are many thousands in Tibet and in exile today--maintain that their religion is anterior to Buddhism in Tibet, and, in fact, identical with the pre-Buddhist Bon religion, has tended to be either contradicted or ignored by Western scholars. Tibetan Buddhists, however, also regard Bon as a distinct religion.
3. Bon is sometimes used to designate a vast and amorphous body of popular beliefs, including divination, the cult of local deities and conceptions of the soul. Tibetan usage does not, however, traditionally refer to such beliefs as Bon, and they do not form an essential part of Buddhism or of Bon in the sense of the word outlined under point two above. It is only since the mid-1960s that a more adequate understanding of Bon has emerged.
Subtle Distinctions: To the casual observer, Tibetans who follow the tradition of Bon and those who adhere to the Buddhist faith can hardly be distinguished. They all share a common Tibetan heritage. In particular, there is little distinction with regard to popular religious practices. Traditionally, all Tibetans assiduously follow the same methods of accumulating religious merit, with the ultimate end in view of obtaining rebirth in a future life as a human being once again or as an inhabitant of one of the many paradisiacal worlds of Tibetan (Buddhist, as well as Bonpo) cosmology. Such practices include turning prayer wheels, hand-held or set in motion by the wind or a stream; circumambulating sacred places such as monasteries or holy mountains; hoisting prayer flags; and chanting sacred formulas or engraving them on stones or cliffs. It is only when these practices are scrutinized more closely that differences appear; the ritual movement is always counter-clockwise and the sacred mantra is not the Buddhist "Om mani padme hum," but "Om matri muye sale du." Likewise, the innumerable deities of Tibetan religion, whether Buddhist or Bonpo, may at first appear to be indistinguishable. But again, the deities are, in fact, different (although belonging to the same range of divine categories) with regard to their names, mythological origins, characteristic colors and objects held in their hands or adorning their bodies.
Even a cursory glance at the doctrines of Bon, as expressed in their literature or explained by contemporary masters, reveals that they are in many respects identical with those found in Tibetan Buddhism. It is this fact that until recently led Western scholars to accuse the Bonpos of plagiarism. The view of the world as suffering, belief in the law of moral causality (the law of karma) and the corresponding concept of rebirth in the six states of existence, and the ideal of enlightenment and Buddhahood, are basic doctrinal elements not only of Buddhism, but also of Bon. Bonpos follow the same path of virtue and have recourse to the same meditational practices as Buddhist Tibetans.
One may well ask in what the distinction between the two religions consists. The answer, at least to this author, would seem to depend on which perspective is adopted when describing Bon. Rituals and other religious practices, as well as meditational and metaphysical traditions are, undeniably, to a large extent similar, even identical. Concepts of sacred history and sources of religious authority are, however, radically different and justify the claim of the Bonpos to constitute an entirely distinct religious community.
Hidden Holy Land: According to its own historical perspective, Bon was introduced into Tibet many centuries before Buddhism and enjoyed royal patronage until it was finally supplanted by the "false religion" (i.e. Buddhism) from India and its priests and sages expelled from Tibet by King Trisong Detsen in the eighth century. It did not, however, disappear from Tibet altogether. The tradition of Bon was preserved in certain family lineages, and after a few generations it flourished once more, although it never again enjoyed royal patronage.
It is claimed that before reaching Tibet, Bon prospered in a land known as Zhangzhung and that this country remained the center of Bon until it was conquered by the expanding Tibetan empire in the seventh century. Zhangzhung was subsequently converted to Buddhism and assimilated into Tibetan culture, losing not only its independence but also its language and its Bonpo religious heritage in the process. There is no doubt as to the historical reality of Zhangzhung, although its exact extent and ethnic and cultural identity are far from clear. It seems, however, to have been situated in what today is, roughly speaking, western Tibet, with Mount Kailash as its center. [See map, page 28.]
The ultimate homeland of Bon is, however--so the Bonpos claim--to be found even farther to the west, beyond the borders of Zhangzhung. The Bonpos believe that Eternal Bon was first proclaimed in a land called Tazik. Although the name suggests the land of the Tajiks in Central Asia, it has so far not been possible to make a more exact identification of this holy land of Bon. Tazik is, however, not merely a geographical country like any other. In Bon tradition, it assumes the character of a "hidden," semi-paradisiacal land which latter-day humans can only reach in visions or by supernatural means after being spiritually purified.
For the Bonpos, Tazik is the holy land of religion, being the land in which Tonpa Shenrap (the Teacher Shenrap) was born in the royal family and in due course became enthroned as king. Tonpa Shenrap is believed to be a fully enlightened being, the true Buddha (the word "Buddha" means "the Enlightened One") of our world age. The Bonpos possess a voluminous hagiographical literature in which his exploits are extolled. One may note that his biography is not, contrary to what has sometimes been claimed by Western scholars, closely related to that of Sakyamuni. Thus, during the greater part of his career, Tonpa Shenrap was the ruler of Tazik or Wolmo Lungring and hence a layman, and it was as such that he incessantly journeyed from his capital in all directions to propagate Bon. This propagation also included the performance of innumerable rituals. These rituals, which are performed by Bonpos today, thus find their justification and legitimation in the exemplary exploits of Tonpa Shenrap. Contrary to Buddhism, where rituals generally have no direct canonical basis, in Bon, as pointed out by Philip Denwood, "We have whole developed rituals and their liturgies specified in the minutest detail in the basic canon." It was only late in life that Tonpa Shenrap was ordained, after which he retired to a forest hermitage. It was only at this point in his career that he finally succeeded in converting his mighty opponent, the Prince of Demons.
The Bonpos have a vast literature which Western scholars are only just beginning to explore. Formerly it was taken for granted in the West that this literature was nothing but an uninspired and shameless plagiarism of Buddhist texts. The last twenty-five years have, however, seen a radical change in the view of the Bon religion. This reassessment was initiated by David L. Snellgrove, who in 1967 made the just observation regarding Bonpo literature that "by far the greater part would seem to have been absorbed through learning and then retold, and this is not just plagiarism." Subsequently, other scholars have been able to show conclusively that in the case of several Bonpo texts which have obvious, even word-by-word Buddhist parallels, it is not, as was formerly taken for granted, the Bonpo text which reproduces a Buddhist original, but in fact the other way round: the Bonpo text has been copied by Buddhist authors. This does not mean that Bon was never at some stage powerfully influenced by Buddhism. But their relationship, it is now realized, was a complicated one of mutual influence.
Those texts which were considered by the Bonpos to be derived, ultimately, from Tonpa Shenrap himself, were collected to form a canon. This vast collection of texts (the only edition available today consists of approximately 190 volumes) constitutes the Bonpo Kanjur, forming an obvious parallel to the Tibetan Buddhist canon, likewise called Kanjur. A reasonable surmise would be that the Bonpo Kanjur was assembled by 1450. The Bonpo Kanjur, which in turn only constitutes a fraction of the total literary output of the Bonpos, covers the full range of Tibetan religious culture. As far as Western scholarship is concerned, it still remains practically unexplored.
It is difficult to assess the number of Bonpos in Tibet. Certainly, they are a significant minority. Particularly in eastern Tibet, as for example in the Sharkhog area north of Sungpan in Sichuan, whole districts are populated by Bonpos. Another important center is the region of Gyarong where several small kingdoms, fully independent of the Tibetan government in Lhasa as well as of the Chinese Emperor, provided generous patronage for local Bonpo monasteries until the greater part of the region was conquered in a series of devastating campaigns conducted by the imperial Chinese army in the eighteenth century. Scattered communities of Bonpos are also to be found in central and western Tibet. Of the ancient Zhangzhung kingdom, however, no trace remains, although Mount Kailash is an important place of pilgrimage for Bonpos as well as Buddhists. Another much-frequented place of pilgrimage, exclusively visited by Bonpos, is Mount Bonri, "Mountain of Bon," in the southeastern district of Kongpo. In the north of Nepal there are Bonpo villages, especially in the district of Dolpo. In India, Bonpos belonging to the Tibetan exile community have established (since 1968) a large and well-organized monastery [in Dolanji, Himachal Pradesh] in which traditional scholarship, rituals and sacred dances of Bon have been preserved and are carried out with great vigor
Cards for the Dead
Bon death rites reveal this living faith's practice and profound belief in the role of sacred priests as guides to liberation. This account by Per Kv¾rne is from Religions of Tibet in Practice (1997, Princeton University Press), edited by Donald S. Lopez.
Tibetan death rituals, both buddhist and bonpo, basically serve to guide the consciousness of the dead person, often through a succession of initiations, out of the cycle of rebirth and toward final liberation. The consciousness of the deceased is believed to pass through several stages after death, at each of which the possibility of liberation exists.
Bonpo death rites have three parts. Immediately after death occurs, a ritual called "transference of consciousness" is performed in which a Bonpo monk attempts to transfer the consciousness of the deceased directly from the cycle of rebirth to the state of liberation.
Three days after death, a second ritual is performed in which the consciousness of the deceased is led progressively along the path to liberation. This ritual, which lasts approximately two hours, involves displaying various cards to a picture of the deceased. This takes place in the home of the deceased and is performed by a chief monk and two assistants. The corpse is present in the room but is kept behind a cloth screen. The ritual begins with the chief monk making an effigy of the deceased out of dough and offering it as a "ransom" to malevolent spirits that might interfere with the ceremony. Next, the consciousness of the deceased is summoned and asked to reside in a picture of the deceased. After cleaning the picture, the chief monk writes two series of seed syllables on it. The first series of six represent the six realms of rebirth, as a god, demigod, human, hungry ghost, animal, or hell being. The second consists of the "five heroic syllables," which are antidotes to the rebirth in the six realms.
The next phase of the ritual involves the presentation of various gifts. This is effected through the chief monk showing the picture of the deceased a series of cards on which the gifts are depicted. Initially, all the sensory faculties (sight, hearing, taste, etc.) of the deceased are satisfied symbolically by being invoked in turn, and a series of small, painted cards depicting the object of each faculty are held up in sequence. In this way, whatever craving for material wealth and worldly power that the dead person may have experienced during his or her lifetime is appeased.
With the deceased now ritually provided with satisfaction of all material needs and ritually endowed with the mental qualities necessary for progress toward liberation, it is time for the consciousness of the deceased to be led through the stages of the path to enlightenment. The picture of the deceased is shown cards depicting four groups of deities, including the teacher, Shenrap. Finally, the deceased is shown a ritual card showing Buddha Kuntu Sangpo, the "All Good," the essence of all the Buddhas.
The deceased, again through the use of ritual cards, is then given four initiations, after which he or she becomes an "unchanging mind hero," the Bonpo equivalent of a bodhisattva. As such the consciousness of the deceased now passes through the thirteen stages of the path, each symbolized with a ritual card painted with a swastika. These are placed in a row on the floor, and the picture of the deceased is moved forward one card as the qualities of that stage are recited. At the end of the row is a card showing Kuntu Sangpo. Before moving to that card, the chief monk takes a lighted stick of incense and burns the six syllables symbolizing the six realms of rebirth, thus indicating freedom from all future rebirth.
Finally, to bring about the final union with Kuntu Sangpo, the chief monk places his robe over his head and enters a state of meditation in which he unites his consciousness with that of the deceased. He then unites his consciousness with Kuntu Sangpo. At this point, the deceased achieves liberation, and when the monk emerges from meditation, the picture of the deceased is burned and the ashes retained to be made into small religious figurines called tsatsa. The next morning, the third and final part of the death rite, the cremation of the corpse, takes place. | <urn:uuid:12828794-6551-4026-8f96-4994b641288d> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=4747 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742978.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116045735-20181116071735-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.971755 | 3,715 | 2.890625 | 3 |
EFFECTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ON THE FEET
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that attacks multiple joints throughout the body. It most often starts in the small joints of the hands and feet and usually affects the same joints on both sides of the body. More than 90% of people with rheumatoid arthritis develop symptoms in the foot and ankle over the course of the disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease which means that the immune system attacks its own tissues an the defences that ordinarily protect the body from infection damage normal tissue instead (such as cartilage and ligaments) and soften bone. The lining of the joint swells and becomes inflamed which slowly destroys the joint.
Symptoms you may be experiencing:
- pain, swelling and stiffness in joints of both feet (unlike osteoarthritis, which usually effects one specific joint, symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis usually appear in both feet, affecting the same joints on both feet);
- difficulty walking up stairs and ramps (inclines) which indicates that the ankle is affected;
- difficulty walking on uneven ground, grass or gravel which indicates that the heel region is affected;
- shape of foot changing to become flatter, resulting in pain in the arch of the foot or the inside of the ankle;
- collapsed arch making the front of the foot point outwards;
- large bony prominence (bump) in the arch;
- claw toes;
- pain under the ball of the foot (metatarsalgia);
- bumps on the ball of the foot, creating calluses.
Initial care - things to try at home:
- apply a heat pack to sore feet to help relieve symptoms of stiff, painful joints;
- ensure that you wear comfortable, well-fitted shoes;
- limit activities that make the pain worse - consider non-weight bearing activities such as swimming;
- ice painful areas after activity, ensuring that you use a wet cloth between the ice pack and the skin.
Our approach to solving your problem:
- Our Podiatrists will complete a thorough assessment of the foot and ankle including skin condition, foot shape, flexibility and tenderness to pressure.
- As part of this assessment, you may be referred off to get an X-ray, MRI or CT scan. If you are not already seeing a rheumatologist, this may also be arranged for you via communication with your GP.
- We will assist you to make good footwear choices to compliment your changing foot shape and function.
- Providing skin and nail care may be necessary if your movement and flexibility is effected by your arthritis, rendering you unable to reach your feet to cut your own nails.
- By doing a biomechanical assessment, we will consider whether orthotic therapy may be beneficial for you to give you more arch support and structure for your feet.
- In severe cases, an ankle brace may also be prescribed and fitted for extra support of the joints in the back of the foot and ankle.
- We will ensure that we communicate thoroughly and consistently with your GP, rheumatologist and any other health care professionals on your management team.
We will then create a management plan specific to you to:
- help settle the pain;
- address the causative factors;
- identify the biomechanical dysfunction;
- strengthen the related muscles around the joints;
- provide long-term solutions, where possible;
- liaise with other members of your health care team;
- keep you as active as possible, enjoying the activities that you love!
As a sufferer of rheumatoid arthritis, you may be eligible for a Chronic Disease Management plan which would entitle you to up to five bulk-billed podiatry appointments in a calendar year at our clinic. If this is the case, your GP will arrange the paperwork to be sent to our clinic, usually via fax at 9894 0242.
If you would like help from one of our Podiatrists to manage your arthritis symptoms, please give us a call on 9894 2463 or book online to make an appointment. | <urn:uuid:49f7a126-5b04-47c0-bab4-19e19708d40c> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.nstt.com.au/arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511806.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018105742-20181018131242-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.934748 | 861 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Citation: Gross L (2007) Stem Cell Promise, Interrupted: How Long Do US Researchers Have to Wait? PLoS Biol 5(1): e32. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050032
Published: January 16, 2007
Copyright: © 2007 Liza Gross. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The author received no specific funding for this article.
Competing interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist.
Abbreviations: CIRM, California Institute of Regenerative Medicine; hESC, human embryonic stem cell; NIH, National Institutes of Health; SMA, spinal muscular atrophy
The summer of 2006 was a heady time for neurologist Douglas Kerr. As Director of the Johns Hopkins Transverse Myelitis Center in Maryland, Kerr studies the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases in the hope of developing therapies to treat them. He sees patients with transverse myelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an inherited disorder that in its most severe form renders newborns limp and “floppy,” unable to suck, swallow, or breathe. Kerr's voice tightens as he describes the fate of these babies, many of whom will die before their second birthday. He's convinced that embryonic stem cells will one day help people with progressive, motor-neuron-destroying disorders recover control of their movements, and their lives.
For six long years, Kerr's team pursued the elusive elixir that would restore mobility to the paralyzed adult rats he uses to model neurodegeneration in humans. The researchers had cleared two major technical hurdles early on: they managed to derive spinal motor neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells in sufficient numbers to transplant in the rats' spinal cords, and they ensured the transplanted neurons' survival. But they struggled for years to prod the spinal motor neurons to send their axons out of the spinal cord and form functional neuromuscular junctions with the lame muscle.
Finally, in 2005, they hit the mark. Growth factors injected into the spinal cord induced the transplanted motor neurons to form connections with resident neurons. A second set of growth factors overcame inhibitors in myelin (the protective sheath around nerves that blocks axon growth in adult animals), allowing the motor neurons to send their axons out of the spinal cord toward skeletal muscle. And yet another growth factor injected into the muscle stimulated functional connections between the neurons and muscle. Kerr watched his rats—immobilized with a motor-neuron-destroying virus—move hind limbs that had been paralyzed for nearly four months. (Watch before and after videos of the rats on the Johns Hopkins Web site, http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2006/Mousevideo.html.)
When Kerr and his colleagues reported their results in the June 2006 online version of Annals of Neurology, the work was widely hailed as the first evidence that stem-cell-based therapy could recapitulate early developmental signals and rewire a damaged neural circuit. Elias Zerhouni, Director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), which funded part of the research, called the work a “remarkable advance” demonstrating the power of stem cells to treat neurodegenerative diseases. All those years of frustration had finally paid off. But would the technique work in humans?
To find out, Kerr must use motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and show that they can establish functional connections with skeletal muscle over the longer distances found in a larger animal. (He's settled on pigs.) He must also show that the treatments are safe. If the pig experiments generate the necessary safety and efficacy data, he will submit his results to the US Food and Drug Administration, seeking approval for a clinical trial to use the hESC-derived motor neurons in babies with fatal SMA.
Douglas Kerr explores the promise of embryonic stem cells to treat neurodegenerative disorders
Kerr chose babies with SMA for the first clinical trials, he explains, because infants have less myelin to inhibit axon growth, so the chance of re-innervation is greater. Their neurons need travel just a short distance compared to adults, and the developmental cues that guide axon growth toward their appropriate targets are still in place. And because no treatment or cure exists for these babies, an experimental treatment represents their only hope. Kerr had planned to use federally approved hESCs until he found out that the federal lines could not reliably yield motor neurons with anywhere near the efficiency of newer lines generated with private funds. (In the rat experiments, each animal had 60,000 motor neurons transplanted into their spinal cord.)
Still, Kerr watched hopefully as a bipartisan bill authorizing expanded federal financing of hESC research passed the US House of Representatives in 2005 and then the Senate last year. In addition to allowing federally funded researchers to derive new hESC lines from embryos awaiting destruction in fertility clinics, the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act would lift the ban on lines derived after August 2001. But President George W. Bush vetoed the bill in July 2006, and “put a real chill on things,” Kerr says. Now Kerr is worried that if he acquires the pigs and prepares them for the stem cell therapy, he'll run into a brick wall when the time comes to get the hESCs he needs for the transplantation experiments.
Even though Maryland passed a measure in 2006 to spend $15 million on hESC research, Kerr says that's just a one-time appropriation. Working with live animals costs several million dollars. “What am I going to do next year when I've got all those animals?” he asks.
Kerr won't qualify for federal funding if he uses non-approved lines, but he's not willing to risk the potential problems with the federally sanctioned lines. And adult stem cells aren't an option. He tried to generate spinal motor neurons from adult stem cells and cells isolated from umbilical cord blood, but decided that programming a blank slate—hESCs—is far more efficient than deprogramming specialized cells and redirecting them toward a different fate. He put everything on hold, pending the outcome of the November midterm elections.
A Political Straitjacket
The use of federal funds to create or destroy human embryos for research was outlawed in the US by Congress in 1997. On August 9, 2001, when President Bush announced his decision to allow federal funding to support hESC research only on lines already derived—because “the life and death decision has already been made”—scientists were just learning what the cells needed to thrive and maintain their “stemness,” the ability to self-renew and differentiate into any cell type of the body (called pluripotency). Methods used to derive these early hESC lines were technically demanding and labor-intensive, requiring the artful touch of a highly skilled technician to tease apart cells with a glass needle to propagate the cell lines (a technique called mechanical passaging). The lines were also grown on mouse fibroblasts—cells that act as “feeder” layers to maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state—increasing the risk that the human cells would absorb mouse molecules and trigger rejection by the immune system if used in clinical trials.
Scientists have since figured out how to wean the human cells off the mouse feeder cells, but the process is time-consuming. A team of researchers working in Miodrag Stojkovic's lab at the University of Newcastle, UK, developed a method of deriving hESCs that eliminates the risk of contamination from both mice and human donors. In their “autogenic” feeder system, a parental hESC line gives rise to a subset of differentiated fibroblasts that sustain the parental line. While Stojkovic's lines were grown on medium containing animal products, he says that this approach demonstrates how researchers can generate clinical-grade hESC lines that would meet the Federal Drug Administration's Good Manufacturing Practices safety requirements. Last July, the Singapore biotech company ESI announced that it had derived four safe lines of hESCs for clinical use. And the Hadassah Medical Organization in Israel recently developed animal-free methods for isolating pluripotent stem cells from human embryos (obtained from in vitro fertilization clinics) and deriving new clinical-grade hESC lines. These are just the types of cells Kerr could use for his pig experiments—if he were free to use any lines he wanted.
Kerr had planned to use federally approved hESCs until he found out that the federal lines could not reliably yield motor neurons with anywhere near the efficiency of newer lines generated with private funds.
Carol Ware, Director of the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Core Laboratory at the University of Washington School of Medicine, has been working to characterize the available NIH-approved hESC lines. So far, Ware and her colleagues have tested 14 of the 22 available lines (a 15th line arrived at the lab contaminated with mycoplasma) for growth efficiency, genomic stability, appropriate gene expression during self-renewal and differentiation, and other NIH criteria.
The team found considerable variation among the lines. Some lines had a propensity to develop chromosomal abnormalities over time, and others were hard to grow. “Certain lines are very difficult to thaw,” Ware says, “so you may only get one or two cells.” Not a great return for cell lines that cost between $2,500 and $6,000.
Complicating matters further, the cells seem to prefer the culture conditions in which they were derived. All of the lines were originally derived through mechanical passage. And though some were eventually converted to enzymatic passage—a speedy, less onerous technique that has become the standard method for expanding hESC lines—it's not possible to predict which lines can convert to enzymatic passage, further compromising their utility.
Mechanically passaging lines is “a real pain in the neck,” says Larry Goldstein, Director of the University of San Diego Stem Cell Program, likening the technique to early versions of a software program that still need debugging. Goldstein's lab has been exploring the properties of some of the federal lines, and still uses one of the approved lines in experiments. “It's been okay in some areas, and a little tougher in others,” he says. “Others use it and are happy with it.”
The lines “certainly aren't useless,” he adds, but he's found them clumsy to handle. “For our experiments, we need cell lines that grow well for more than just the most-skilled tissue person. If only one person in the lab is sufficiently skilled to grow them, you're not going to get much done.” Goldstein plans to investigate non-approved lines with private or state funding.
Ware found that lines also varied in their ability to form different tissues, suggesting that each line may possess unique capabilities. This variable behavior may arise from differences in the way the lines were derived or in the inherent properties of the cells themselves, the team reported online on August 17, 2006, in Stem Cells. Either way, they concluded, it underscores the need to derive and study additional hESC lines.
Harvard researcher Doug Melton came to the same conclusion even before the Bush administration restrictions were put in place, when he began looking for hESCs for his work on type I diabetes in the late 1990s. Disappointed with what he found, he decided to generate his own lines, and in 2004, Melton and his team announced that they had derived 17 new hESC lines, using funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. Melton's team used enzymatic passaging to make the lines more user-friendly, allowing far more labs to handle the cells, provided they find state or private funding. The Harvard lines, as they're known, are also available free of charge.
Ware believes the federal lines will become historical lines, as technological advances have already made the older lines seem outdated. “We're understanding culture techniques so much better now, and as you understand more and more what the cells want, you're going to get better lines.”
States and Private Donors Step In
US advocates of stem cell research read the 2006 midterm election results as a sign that embryonic stem cell research has gained widespread bipartisan support. They point to Missouri as the bellwether state. For the past five years, Missouri lawmakers tried to pass a measure to criminalize stem cell research in the state. But last November, voters not only approved a state constitutional amendment protecting stem cell research, but ousted incumbent US Senator Jim Talent, who called stem cell research “morally reprehensible,” in favor of Claire McCaskill, a vocal supporter of hESC research. Stem cell research figured prominently in six US Senate races; in each case, the candidate who supported stem cells won.
“The political dynamic in the 110th Congress is going to be a lot different than it was in the 109th,” says Sean Tipton, President of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research, a stem cell advocacy group. Tipton thinks the new Congress will be even more supportive than the 109th, which passed the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act with strong bipartisan support.
Douglas Kerr goes even further. He's confident the bill will pass this year with a veto-proof majority, and that “we'll have federal funding in 2007.”
But what the next year holds is unclear. Nancy Pelosi, who will preside over the House of Representatives as Speaker when the new Congress convenes in January, has pledged to “promote stem cell research to offer real hope to the millions of American families who suffer from devastating diseases” in Congress's first 100 hours. But an analysis based on the stated stem cell positions of the newly constituted House and Senate by The Chronicle of Higher Education found that if the stem cell act were reintroduced, votes in the House would fall short of a veto-proof majority. And few doubt that Bush would exercise his veto prerogative.
While the federal prospects remain uncertain, states are increasingly filling the void. A 2006 Congressional Research Service report to Congress lists 12 states as actively encouraging or funding stem cell research, with Wisconsin and California leading the way. The California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), created to oversee the $3 billion stem cell research program authorized by voters in 2004, awarded $12 million in training grants last April and expects to award over 55 research grants totaling over $100 million in early 2007. Grant allocations were initially stalled by lawsuits filed by pro-life and anti-tax groups, until Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger stepped in with a $150 million state loan, and private donors and foundations pledged $45 million in loans against the bond to get the ball rolling.
All this support from states and private donors puts more scientists to work, says Dale Carlson, Chief Communications Officer for CIRM. With the uncertainty at the federal level, he says, it's important that the states and private donors are stepping in, “instead of scientists stepping back and waiting till the policy changes.”
While senior scientists acknowledge the difficulty of recruiting the best young minds to a field so mired in controversy, those hot on the trail of potential cures using stem cells are not about to sit idly by while Washington fiddles. Kerr is hoping for the best in 2007, but he and his California collaborator, Hans Keirstead, are pursuing nonfederal funding “while we await changes in D. C.” Both are appealing to private philanthropy groups for bridge funding to make sure their work continues.
Ware and her colleagues have tested 14 of the 22 available NIH lines for growth efficiency, genomic stability, appropriate gene expression during self-renewal and differentiation, and other NIH criteria, and found considerable variation among the lines.
In November, CIRM received 70 applications for comprehensive research grants totaling $80 million. University of California San Diego's Goldstein was among the applicants, voicing frustration with the limitations on scientific freedom imposed by the federal restrictions. “Bush's policy hasn't spared any frozen embryos as far as I know,” he says. “The biggest destruction of human blastocysts happens in IVF clinics and that hasn't changed.”
Meanwhile the research moves ahead without the centralized control and oversight of the federal government. The lack of federal support means that US researchers—who led the way in setting standards for genetic testing and genome sequencing—cannot do the same for embryonic stem cell research. Although CIRM and the National Academy of Sciences are setting research guidelines for state-funded researchers, if US researchers aren't at the forefront of the field, they can't lead by example.
But scarce research dollars, some researchers believe, is an even bigger problem. In an era of shrinking NIH budgets and heightened competition for federal grants, restricting grantees to the less tractable NIH-approved lines means the federal government is spending less money on stem cell research, and spending it less efficiently. “As a scientist you want to have the maximum number of tools available because the research problems are hard enough, even when the lines behave well,” Goldstein says. “And these aren't just theoretical problems. We're trying to figure out what's gone wrong with these terrible diseases that afflict large numbers of people.” The federal restrictions, he says, have forced the community to work with one hand tied behind its back.
US advocates of stem cell research read the 2006 midterm election results as a sign that embryonic stem cell research has gained widespread bipartisan support.
That means that if a US researcher who has access to ten or 15 federally approved hESC lines is working on the same question as a researcher in Singapore, for example, who may have access to 100 lines, the US researcher can't hope to compete. With reports that some lines appear genetically predisposed to behave one way or another, therapeutic applications may require creating stem cell lines that are genetically identical to the patient, to prevent immune rejection. That's a question that researchers like Douglas Kerr can't ask if they're restricted to the limited diversity of ten hard-to-grow stem cell lines.
With the right cells in hand, Kerr would first seek proof of principle that his neuroregenerative stem cell therapy can work in pigs, and then move on to see if it can help babies with SMA—a path he's charting in a grant right now. If the results showed that the researchers were on the right track, they would move on to test this type of therapy in patients with the more complex lesions found in transverse myelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and traumatic spinal cord injury. Aside from a political sea change that lifts the federal restriction on stem cell research—a shift that may have arrived with the 110th Congress, or may still come up a few votes short—what does Kerr's group need to move forward? “If we got ten good lines that were genetically normal, and had not come into contact with other species, and could become motor neurons,” he says, “we'd be set.”
- 1. Deshpande DM, Kim YS, Martinez T, Carmen J, Dike S, et al. (2006) Recovery from paralysis in adult rats using embryonic stem cells. Ann Neurol 60: 32–44.
- 2. Cowan CA, Klimanskaya I, McMahon J, Atienza J, Witmyer J, et al. (2004) Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts. N Engl J Med 350: 1353–1356. Available: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/350/13/1353. Accessed 5 December 2006.
- 3. Martin MJ, Muotri A, Gage F, Varki A (2005) Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid. Nat Med 11: 228–232.
- 4. Ware CB, Nelson AM, Blau CA (2006) A comparison of NIH-approved human ES cell lines. Stem Cells. E-pub ahead of print.
- 5. Johnson J, Williams E (2006 May) Stem cell research: State initiatives. Washington (D. C.): Library of Congress Congressional Research Service. Available: http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/06Jul/RL33524.pdf. Accessed 5 December 2006.
- 6. Brainard J (2006 November 17) Congress remains short of stem-cell override, but state votes signal momentum for change. Chron High Educ.
- 7. Russo E (2005) Follow the money—The politics of embryonic stem cell research. PLoS Biol 3: e234. | <urn:uuid:1f39d827-f90e-4dbe-97ce-80e63f30136d> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050032 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578733077.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425193912-20190425215912-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.95148 | 4,390 | 2.921875 | 3 |
- Getting enough sunlight can improve your mood and overall health.
- Part of getting enough sun means protecting yourself from potentially dangerous side effects.
- Practicing the right mindfulness habits will allow you to reap the benefits of the sun while avoiding dangers.
Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients for our bodies. To stay healthy, you need to make sure that you’re getting enough of it. Unfortunately, many people lack vitamin D. It’s ubiquitous for people to have vitamin D deficiencies. It’s estimated that around 40% of adults are lacking in this vitamin.
Fortunately, there are ways to get vitamin D and increase your health. One of these ways is by going into the sun. However, sunlight can harm your skin, giving you dark spots, and wrinkles, or even risking skin cancer. You can combat this by looking into products like Ace-Ferulic.
Using the correct sun protection will also help you naturally get a more even tone to your skin. Here’s a little more information on how to get the vitamin D you need without harming your skin.
You Need Sun Protection As Much As You Need Vitamin D
If you want to avoid dark spots, wrinkles, and other types of damage caused by the sun, then the most important thing to do is get the proper sun protection. You can also use products like Ace-Ferulic to help combat dark spots that have appeared on your skin. Your body needs vitamin D, so getting outside and enjoying some sunlight is crucial for your overall health. But if you’re not using products that may help keep you safe, you could be causing more harm than good.
That’s why you should make sure to practice mindfulness habits for your skin and remember to apply sunblock. When choosing a sunblock, look for something mineral-based rather than chemical-based. You should also look for a sunblock that’s at least 30 SPF. If you can find something higher, that’s even better.
The clothing you wear can also do a lot to help protect you from the sun. Dressing in light layers can help prevent the sun’s rays from reaching you and causing damage. Wearing things like hats and sunglasses will also help keep you safe. Wherever you go outside, you should be confident that you are using the right kind of protection. It includes the winter! The sun is still present even then.
What Is A Healthy Level Of Vitamin D?
A level of around 20 nanograms per milliliter to 50 nanograms per milliliter is considered a healthy level of vitamin D for adults. So what does that mean exactly? It means spending around 10 to 30 minutes in the midday sun several times a week to help your body produce this essential vitamin. There are a few things you should be aware of, however. While applying sunscreen will protect you from the sun and allow you to get a more even tone to your skin naturally.
However, sunscreen can block your skin’s ability to produce vitamin D effectively. What you can do to combat that is to stay in the sun for a little longer. Just make sure you’re staying on top of reapplying your sunscreen as needed and not dwelling too long in the sun.
Dangers Of Sun Exposure
The sun can be highly beneficial for several reasons. But it can have just as many dangers. That is why it’s important to practice mindfulness habits for your skin when you’re out in the sunlight.
If you don’t use the proper sun protection and stay in the sun too long, you may need more than the top-rated skin brighteners to even out your skin tone. Along with dark spots caused by sun damage, your skin is likely to be much more prone to wrinkling. You may also get sunburns, which can be uncomfortable or even painful and leave potentially lasting effects on your skin.
Getting too much sunlight can also put you at risk for skin cancer. You may also damage your eyes by being in the sun too long without adequate protection. People who don’t protect their eyes in sunlight may be more likely to get illnesses like cataracts. There are several other dangers you might encounter with too much sun exposure. Get the sunlight you need, but be mindful of these dangers and apply the right sun protection to keep you safe.
How To Get Vitamin D Without The Sun?
The sun is one of the best ways to get vitamin D for your body. But if you’re concerned about damaging your skin or you’ve already damaged it and want to be more mindful, you may be looking for other ways to get this vitamin. One of the best alternatives to getting sunlight is by switching up your diet. There are plenty of foods you can eat that will encourage your body’s production of vitamin D. Some of these foods include fatty fish, mushrooms, and dairy products. You can also check your grocery store for fortified dairy products that may help you get more vitamin D.
If you’re struggling with the after-effects of sun damage on your skin, you may want to also consider looking into the top-rated skin brighteners to help even out your skin tone.
What Happens If You Don’t Get Enough Vitamin D?
If you don’t get enough vitamin D, you may experience a range of side effects. Vitamin D has a huge impact on your mental health, and people who don’t get enough of this vitamin may experience issues like depression. If you’re not getting the right amount of vitamin D, you may also experience physical problems. You could run into bone-related problems like osteoporosis. You may also have muscle weakness and, in some extreme cases of vitamin D deficiency, be at risk of an untimely death.
Getting sunlight is an important part of your overall health. You should remember that you’re getting enough sun in your daily life so your body can properly produce vitamin D. However, you should also be mindful of your sun exposure. Remember to use the right sun protection and mindfulness habits for the skin to help avoid potentially dangerous side effects of the sun’s rays. | <urn:uuid:40f41a48-6d7e-4811-bbf0-263f2204b8a6> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://rjsburlington.com/excessive-sun-exposure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.936658 | 1,288 | 2.796875 | 3 |
A long coaxial cable carries current flows down the surface of the inner cylinder, radius, and back along the outer cylinder, radius as shown in the following figure.
Imagine a Gaussian surface of length and charge on the surface as shown in the above diagram. Linear charge density is,
Applying Gauss’s law for the closed surface:
The ampere’s law states that the integral around a closed path of the component of the magnetic field tangent to the direction of the path equal times the current by the area within the path.
Here, I is the current in the wire. The surface integral gives the circumference of the conductor
Here, is the radius of the straight wire and is the current passing through the wire.
Use the right hand rule and the direction of the magnetic field lines around the direction of the current in the straight line.
Therefore the strength of the magnetic field on the surface of the conductor is
As the current is opposite to each other the pointing vector will be
Substitute and in the above equation and simplify,
So, the power transported down the cables is
Substitute for and for in the above equation and simplify,
Here the potential difference along the cable is,
Therefore the equation (1) is written as,
Hence is proved.
Electric field of an infinite plane sheet is
Here, is the surface charge density of the sheet and is the permittivity of the medium.
Here, is the magnetic permeability of the medium, is the current and is the angular frequency of the charge.
Then the pointing vector will be,
Substitute for for in the above equation,
Then the power transported through the thin sheet is ,
But the potential difference across the cable is,
Then the equation (2) is written as
Hence is proved. | <urn:uuid:62896022-a3c2-4ce9-a0bf-816273dd4bb5> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/introduction-to-electrodynamics-3rd-edition-chapter-8-solutions-9780138053260 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440646242843.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827033042-00167-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906884 | 381 | 3.8125 | 4 |
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The deindustrialization of India
» Practice Questions
In 1750, it is estimated that India accounted for nearly 25 percent of the world’s manufacturing output. By 1880, India accounted for less than three percent of the world’s manufacturing output. Which of the following is a possible reason for the decline?
the collapse of Mughal rule
both a. and b.
Copyright 2012 - Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok | <urn:uuid:e951401d-0bed-44c9-b725-bf8d48f50ffb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mruniversity.com/deindustrialization-india-practice-questions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720615.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00460-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.702396 | 126 | 2.625 | 3 |
A table tennis table is 9 feet long, 5 feet wide and 2 feet 6 inches high, according to the International Table Tennis Federation. The net is 6 feet long and 6 inches high.
Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is played by two or four players who use paddles to bounce a lightweight ball back and forth on the surface of a table that is divided in half by a net running across its width. A player earns points when an opposing player fails to return the ball in compliance with the game's rules. The first player to earn 11 points wins the game, but each game must be won by a two-point margin. | <urn:uuid:d6b2306f-2a0a-46bd-8290-1d3418dc4604> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.reference.com/world-view/dimensions-table-tennis-table-5a3866ffebc15989 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896905.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708062424-20200708092424-00338.warc.gz | en | 0.979602 | 132 | 2.890625 | 3 |
ComplicationsBy Mayo Clinic staff
Continuing signs and symptoms of hepatitis A
A small number of people with hepatitis A will continue to experience signs and symptoms of infection for several weeks longer than usual. For these people, hepatitis A signs and symptoms may go away and then reappear over several weeks. Though the signs and symptoms occur over a longer period of time, this form of hepatitis A infection is not more serious than a hepatitis A infection that causes the usual signs and symptoms.
Acute liver failure
In rare cases, hepatitis A can cause acute liver failure, which is a loss of liver function that occurs suddenly. People with the highest risk of this complication include those with chronic liver diseases and older adults. Acute liver failure requires hospitalization for monitoring and treatment. In some cases, people with acute liver failure may require a liver transplant.
- Sjogren MH, et al. Hepatitis A. In: Feldman M, et al. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..X0001-7--TOP&isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2&about=true&uniqId=229935664-2192. Accessed July 25, 2011.
- Hepatitis A FAQs for the public. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm. Accessed July 25, 2011.
- What I need to know about hepatitis A. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hepa_ez/index.aspx. Accessed July 25, 2011.
- Hepatitis nutrition therapy. Nutrition Care Manual. American Dietetic Association. http://nutritioncaremanual.org/index.cfm. Accessed Aug. 3, 2011.
- Milk thistle. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/milkthistle/ataglance.htm. Accessed July 25, 2011. | <urn:uuid:f96458f3-57eb-428f-8b32-81bec8464d59> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hepatitis-a/DS00397/DSECTION=complications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697745221/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094905-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.830915 | 502 | 2.71875 | 3 |
There is untapped potential waiting to be released inside the structure of the human mind. The concept of Mindblown Madness is central to this exploration, an essential component of a journey toward self-discovery. This state of mind is a deliberate and controlled upheaval that propels us into the extraordinary. We will explore what Mindblown Madness is and its impact on society and discover its future potential.
What is Mindblown Madness
Mindblown Madness is a deliberate state of controlled upheaval in thinking, encouraging a departure from conventional norms and exploring uncharted mental territories. It involves purposeful disruption of routine thought processes, inviting chaos to unveil new insights, creativity, and innovative ideas.
This mindset rejects binary thinking, fostering a dynamic problem-solving and personal development approach. Mindblown Madness represents a transformative journey where the ordinary is redefined, and the extraordinary potential of the mind is unleashed, leading to breakthroughs in understanding, creativity, and personal growth.
Mindblown Madness Impact on Society
Innovation and Creativity Surge
Mindblown Madness fosters an environment where creativity flourishes. By challenging established norms and encouraging unconventional thinking, society experiences a surge in innovative ideas across various sectors.
The mindset prompts a departure from traditional problem-solving approaches. Society witnesses a revolution in addressing challenges as individuals explore alternative pathways and solutions, leading to more effective and adaptive problem resolution.
Educational Paradigm Shift
Mindblown Madness encourages a shift from rigid curricula to dynamic learning experiences in education. Students are empowered to navigate uncharted territories, fostering a love for learning and preparing them for the complexities of the real world.
Entrepreneurs embracing Mindblown Madness are more likely to create disruptive and forward-thinking businesses. This entrepreneurial renaissance results in the developing of innovative products, services, and business models that can reshape industries.
The mindset promotes open-mindedness and a willingness to embrace diverse perspectives. This cultural shift fosters understanding, tolerance, and collaboration, reducing societal barriers and promoting a more inclusive and harmonious coexistence.
Mindblown Madness stimulates breakthroughs in technology as individuals explore unconventional approaches to problem-solving. It can lead to advancements in various fields, from healthcare and communication to environmental sustainability.
Enhanced Mental Well-being
Embracing controlled upheaval encourages individuals to confront and overcome mental barriers. As a result, society experiences an improvement in mental well-being, with people becoming more resilient, adaptable, and capable of navigating the complexities of modern life.
Collaborative Global Initiatives
The mindset promotes collaboration on a global scale. By embracing unconventional thinking and working together to address urgent global issues, societies everywhere may promote shared responsibility and a sense of interconnectivity.
Personal Empowerment and Fulfillment
Individuals empowered by Mindblown Madness experience personal growth and fulfillment. The mindset encourages people to break free from societal expectations, pursue their passions, and unlock their unique potential.
Environmental and Social Responsibility
Societal values evolve with the adoption of Mindblown Madness, leading to an increased emphasis on environmental and social responsibility. Individuals and organizations are more likely to explore sustainable and ethical practices.
The Future of Mindblown Madknows
Integration into Educational Paradigms
One of the most promising aspects of the future of Mindblown Madknows lies in its integration into educational paradigms. As educators increasingly recognize the limitations of traditional teaching methods, the Mindblown Madknows approach offers a refreshing alternative.
Future educational systems may adopt a curriculum that encourages controlled upheaval, creative expression, and the exploration of uncharted territories within students’ minds. This shift could cultivate a generation of innovative thinkers equipped to tackle the complex challenges of tomorrow.
Accelerated Innovation Across Industries
Mindblown Madknows has the potential to become a catalyst for accelerated innovation across various industries. As organizations embrace the controlled chaos of Mindblown Madness, coupled with the wisdom of Madknows, they may discover novel solutions to longstanding problems.
This approach fosters an environment where employees are encouraged to think beyond the conventional, leading to breakthroughs in technology, medicine, business, and beyond. The future may witness a surge in transformative ideas that propel humanity into new frontiers.
Mindblown Madness in Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is inherently tied to risk-taking and unconventional thinking. In the future, entrepreneurs may increasingly adopt the Mindblown Madness mindset to navigate the uncertainties of the business world.
Embracing the chaos may lead to the discovery of untapped market niches, the development of disruptive technologies, and the creation of innovative business models. Fusing entrepreneurial spirit with Mindblown Madknows could redefine success and foster a culture of continuous adaptation and growth.
Advancements in Mental Health and Well-being
The future of Mindblown Madknows holds the promise of significant advancements in mental health and well-being. Mental resilience may improve as individuals learn to navigate their inner landscapes with controlled upheaval and creative expression.
Therapeutic approaches could incorporate elements of Mindblown Madness to help individuals break free from limiting beliefs, manage stress, and cultivate a more profound understanding of themselves. The integration of Madknows wisdom may contribute to developing personalized mental wellness strategies.
Global Collaboration and Connectivity
In an interconnected world, the future of Mindblown Madknows may facilitate global collaboration and connectivity. As individuals from diverse cultures and backgrounds embrace the mindset of controlled chaos, there may be a greater openness to understanding and appreciating alternative perspectives.
This shared mindset could foster collaboration on a global scale, leading to the co-creation of solutions to pressing global challenges, from climate change to socio-economic inequality.
Personal Empowerment and Fulfillment
Mindblown Madknows’ future offers the possibility of increased personal fulfillment and empowerment. People with this perspective may discover they are more open to accepting the unknown, more open to their interests, and more resilient in the face of life’s challenges. The use of Mindblown Madness and Madknows in a self-discovery journey may result in a deeper sense of fulfillment in every aspect of life.
In the grand tapestry of the human experience, Mindblown Madness emerges as a guiding force, steering us toward the wonders of the infinite potential within. It’s a journey of self-discovery that transcends the ordinary, inviting us to navigate uncharted territories, embrace controlled upheaval, and unlock the transformative power of creative expression. | <urn:uuid:e4c09aa9-9873-4441-bb52-3023e15edeb0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.itstimeforbusiness.com/mindblown-madness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.88066 | 1,306 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Commemorating China's sacrifice
China suffered terrible losses - more than any other country - at the hands of imperial Japan. It is understandable that today, 70 years after the second world war, the nation marks on a grand scale the Japanese surrender. The ceremony and military parade on Tiananmen Square are about commemorating the sacrifice and heroism of the Chinese people and their contribution to the overall war effort. With China being the main eastern war front, they had a vital role in bringing hostilities to an end.
Presidents and prime ministers of 30 countries, representatives of 19 others and the heads of 10 international organisations recognise that and are attending the events. But many Western leaders have chosen to stay away, largely because of a perception that President Xi Jinping is using the occasion for political purposes. The parade will include 12,000 People's Liberation Army soldiers and sophisticated military hardware, a display of technological advancement and growing power. At a time of rising tension in the region, particularly the East and South China seas, outsiders could be excused for misreading Beijing's intentions.
This is a pity. While the ceremony is certainly an opportunity for Xi to show his leadership of the PLA at a time when it has been rocked by scandal, the tenor of the occasion is commemoration, not politics. Up to 20 million Chinese died during 14 years of Japanese invasion, occupation and war - in one month alone in Nanjing, as many as 300,000, many of them women and children, perished. Japan has yet to atone with a sincere apology and its nationalist prime minister, Shinzo Abe, regrettably declined the invitation to attend the events. If he had accepted, as has South Korea's president, Park Geun-hye, a chance for reconciliation in northeast Asia would have arisen.
Only by Japan acknowledging the past and making genuine amends can the region move forward. The activities in Beijing today are aimed at showing the determination of China and other nations to prevent a repeat of those horrific events. There may be disagreement with Beijing's motives, but ultimately, the commemoration is about celebrating those who fought so bravely and gallantly.
Chinese, from the Communist Party and Kuomintang and every walk of life, fought in the war of resistance against Japanese occupation. Today, we remember the resolve, losses and victory. A brighter future lies in the lessons learned. | <urn:uuid:d192f1ec-e9ff-4f1a-9c83-20902367f536> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1854782/commemorating-chinas-sacrifice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221219469.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180822030004-20180822050004-00438.warc.gz | en | 0.958075 | 480 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Celebrate this winter with these holidays around the world sensory and art activities! Students can learn about other cultures, traditions, and how they celebrate Christmas in a fun and magical ♥ Read... “Christmas & Holidays Around the World Sensory and Art Activities”
Preschool, Pre-K, and Kindergarten tips for celebrating diversity in the classroom.
What is a diverse classroom? A diverse classroom is one in which both the students ♥ Read... “Teaching Diversity in Preschool Pre-K and Kindergarten”
To begin the fire safety unit, ask children what they know about fire, firefighting, and fire ♥ Read... “Firefighter and Fire Safety Activities, Lessons, and Crafts”
In November, we celebrate the harvest and can give thanks for what we have. In the United States, Thanksgiving is this month, too. Fall is the season fully on us. ♥ Read... “12 Creative Thanksgiving Ideas To Spice Up Your Classroom This November – Pre-K Pages”
A preschool weekly lesson plan should be such that it keeps the child engaged at all times so that they don’t get bored It should also aim at teaching the ♥ Read... “12+ Preschool Weekly Lesson Plan Templates in PDF | DOC”
St Patricks Day Activities– leprechauns, rainbows, shamrocks!
The possibilities for activities are endless.
They can range from information about the legend of leprechauns, colors, rainbows, shapes and more.
Use this lesson outline to teach preschoolers and early elementary students about Jesus’s triumphal entry on Palm Sunday.
Editor’s Note: This lesson was adapted from Route 52.
Introduce and let children explore the different feelings they can experience on any day. Our activities help children identify and name their emotions and ♥ Read... “Emotions and Feelings Preschool Activities, Games, and Lessons”
“Tôi còn rất nhiều dự án bất động sản chưa xây xong, cứ phải xây mãi từ năm nọ qua năm kia vẫn chưa hết. Tôi xây nhà vì đam ♥ Read... “Lý Nhã Kỳ: "Tôi xây nhà, xây biệt thự thì giỏi, có mỗi xây dựng gia đình là không làm được"”
It’s November, and the holidays are approaching fast, but you might not want to jump right into Thanksgiving and the holidays for your preschool themes. There are plenty of other ♥ Read... “20 Preschool Themes for November You’ll Love!”
Phát sóng vào năm 2008, bộ phim Kiều nữ và đại gia từng là một món ăn tinh thần yêu thích của nhiều gia đình trước màn hình tivi. Bộ ♥ Read... “Đường tình duyên và sự nghiệp trái ngược của bộ 3 Kiều nữ và đại gia sau 14 năm”
Sick of scouring the internet searching for preschool lesson plans? Wish you could find the best all in one spot? The Preschool Professor family of websites has what you’re looking ♥ Read... “Entertaining & Enlightening Preschool Lesson Plans”
Community Helper activities and lessons encourage preschoolers to think more closely and appreciate all of the people in their community who work to keep them safe, healthy, well-fed, and educated! ♥ Read... “Community Helper Activities for Preschoolers”
Teach kids the how Jesus rose from the dead with our free PDF Easter Sunday lessons and activities. More than ever, kids need to learn the Bible stories about the ♥ Read... “Easter Sunday School Lesson and Activities for Kids”
Tập 8 chương trình Trà Chiều Cùng Mợ Chảnh Lý Nhã Kỳ hé lộ những góc khuất trong cuộc sống cùng NTK Đỗ Long. Tiết lộ về cơ duyên gặp ♥ Read... “Lý Nhã Kỳ: "Nhà nào của tôi cũng to, đến nỗi người ở không tìm thấy nhau, phải gọi cho người khác hỏi mình đang ở đâu"”
Inside: Looking for fun preschool frog activities? This collection includes 15 hands-on ideas that include art, sensory and science!
Although they may seem quite simple, frogs lead very interesting amphibian ♥ Read... “15 of the Best Preschool Frog Activities”
Easter can be a time of spring fun. The collection of activities below encourage preschoolers to explore this spring holiday in a variety of ways, with games, music, movement, and ♥ Read... “Preschool Activities for Easter – Pre-K Pages”
Preschool Pumpkin Theme Activities in Autumn! There are so many activities available to teach so many concepts with this theme! This page includes preschool lesson plans, activities and Interest Learning ♥ Read... “Preschool Pumpkin Theme Activities and Ideas for Your Classroom”
The season of love is here and it’s the perfect time to dive deep into kindness lessons as you celebrate your little ones! These Valentine’s Day activities for preschoolers are ♥ Read... “Free Valentine’s Day Preschool Lesson Plans”
It’s almost Halloween! I’m here to share engaging Halloween activities and centers to keep your students learning and having FUN during this crazy holiday! Use these activities and centers to ♥ Read... “Halloween Activities and Centers for Preschool, Pre-K and Kindergarten” | <urn:uuid:c7dbe96e-4de5-4ab3-87c1-a65703e3949a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://daohamy.com/category/chay-bo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00262.warc.gz | en | 0.801052 | 1,568 | 2.71875 | 3 |
To understand the historical importance of Charles Evans Cemetery, an examination of its context within the garden cemetery movement is required.
Prior to the advent of the non-sectarian garden cemetery movement, most Christian burials took place in church or denominational burial grounds. While these early public cemeteries were being established, there was a revolution in landscaping trends. The formal 18th Century estate gardens were giving way to a new movement – the romanticism of the 19th Century.
The highly controlled beds laid in formal grids or geometric patterns were replaced with more natural looking shapes and meandering paths winding among a lush variety of plants, shrubs, and shade trees. The romantic movement in landscaping encompassed public burial grounds, and thus the garden cemetery movement was born.
The importance of Charles Evans Cemetery as an early example of the public garden cemetery in the United States was established. Mount Auburn in Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened in 1831, served Boston and surrounding cities. Philadelphia’s Laurel Hill was the second garden cemetery, being incorporated by an act of the Pennsylvania legislature in 1836. Ten years later, Reading followed Philadelphia’s lead with Charles Evans Cemetery, incorporated with a similar act of the General Assembly in 1846.
Garden cemeteries, Charles Evans included, were used by the public not only for burial but also for the purposes of communing with nature and deceased loved ones. Sunday strolls through the beautiful grounds on pleasant days were standard for most families. It was not unusual to find entire families picnicking by a grave site. The garden cemetery evoked no ominous or morbid thoughts such as the old-fashioned church graveyard may have inspired.
The opening of a horse-drawn railway (trolley line) in 1874 made the Charles Evans Cemetery more accessible to the general public. Activities such as strolling the grounds increased but certainly did not extend to ball playing or more active forms of recreation.
In Reading, as elsewhere, it became evident that there was a need for public parks. Indeed, the garden cemetery movement is considered the forerunner of the public park movement.
You would have to travel far and wide in Pennsylvania to find a cemetery as well stocked with mature trees as Charles Evans. The serene, park-like atmosphere of the cemetery has much to do with the great variety of both native and exotic trees that are thriving throughout the grounds. The cemetery is graced by a wide range of tree species arranged in natural patterns among the grave stones, monuments and winding roads and paths. A leisurely drive or walk through the grounds will reveal trees as young as just a few years growing beneath giants that were planted over a century ago. The list of species growing in this arboretum in the city is extensive, boasting many types of native shade trees including oaks, maples, tulip-poplar, basswood, sycamore and pine as well as more exotic species like katsuratree and Japanese pagodatree. Every spring, a multitude of flowering dogwoods comes alive in a pink and white display unrivaled by any park in Berks County. Charles Evans has the distinction of possessing five trees which are listed as champions on the Pennsylvania Forestry Association’s Big Tree List – a Chinese catalpa, turkey oak, English yew, bigleaf linden and a lacebark elm.
A tree population of this size and diversity, in a public area hosting visitors every day of the week, needs to be well monitored and maintained to keep the trees safe, healthy and attractive. Trees are inspected frequently and routine maintenance performed, including removing dead limbs over roads and pathways, and elevation to provide clearance around monuments and open up vistas through the cemetery. It is also important to prune the youngest trees to train them into a structure that will require less attention in the future.
Over time, all trees become over mature, begin to decline and need to be removed. All removals are performed safely and competently by professional contractors, with the stumps ground out to allow for replacement. We plant new trees with the goal to favor mostly native species but also to diversify for balance and aesthetics and also to guard against damage due to possible future pest or disease outbreaks. New additions in recent years include swamp white oak, black gum, river birch, white fringetree, hackberry and even the American elm which has been absent from landscapes for decades due to Dutch Elm Disease.
Katsuratree – Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Very attractive shade tree with heart-shaped leaves that turn apricot to yellow in fall. Female produces small, banana-shaped fruit in late summer. Native to China and Japan.
American Holly – Ilex opaca
This slow-growing tree is densely pyramidal in youth, normally with branches to the ground. Male and female trees are required for the female to set red berries in the fall. Susceptible to many diseases and insects. Native to United States
Eastern White Pine – Pinus Strobus
Fast-growing evergreen. Long and soft needles are grouped in bundles of five. Valuable timber species. Only pine native to PA.
Sweetbay Magnolia – Magnolia virginiana
Often found in swampy locations. Lemon-scented flowers, borne in May-June, are creamy white. Red seeds in fall. Native to eastern United States.
Paper Birch – Betula papyrifera
The whitest bark of all birches. Bark, which separates easily, has been used for utensils, canoes, and wigwam covers. Excellent yellow fall color. Native to North America.
Japanese Snowbell – Styrax japonicus
Handsome, small tree of singular grace and beauty. In May-June bears small, bell-shaped flowers which are pendulous. Foliage borne on upper part of stem. Native to China and Japan.
Black Walnut – Juglans nigra
Tall tree which bears edible nuts. Wood in great demand for cabinet and furniture making and gunstocks. Many plants do not survive near this tree because of toxins given off by the roots. Native to United States
Table Mountain Pine – Pinus pungens
One of the smallest pines. Usually found on dry, rocky slopes and ridge tops. Cones are long-thorned with hook-like, sharp, upturned edges. Native to United States.
Flowering Dogwood – Cornus florida
Small, flowering tree with spreading horizontal branches. Showy part of blooms are really bracts of white or pink which surround the true flower. Blooms April to May. Susceptible to many pests and diseases. Native to North America.
Norway Maple – Acer platanoides
Medium to large tree with rounded shape. Dense foliage and shallow roots. Leaves have five lobes. Handsome yellow leaves into late fall. Native to Europe.
Shumard Oak – Quercus shumardii
A pyramidal, medium to large tree. Red fall color. Considered drought tolerant. Native to United States.
Sycamore Maple – Acer pseudoplatanus
Can become massive. Upright spreading branches form rounded outline. Poor dingy brown fall color. Flaking bark similar to Sycamore. Native to Europe and western Asia.
Hedge Maple – Acer campestre
Slow-growing tree that will take considerable pruning and can be used as a hedge. Nice yellow fall color. Essentially pest and disease free. Native to Europe, the Near East, and Africa
Umbrella Magnolia – Magnolia tripetala
Leaves, which can reach 24” in length, are clustered near the ends of branches producing an umbrella effect. Solitary 10” flowers, borne in May to early June, are unpleasantly scented. Native to southeastern United States
Eastern Arbovitae – Thuja occidentalis
Medium-sized tree frequently used for hedges or windbreaks. Takes considerable heat and drought once established. (Note the chain within this specimen.) Native to eastern North America
Turkey Oak – Quercus cerris
A tree of great adaptability which will grow in clay soils and withstand drought. Unusual acorn cups have scales that bend backward. Native to southern Europe and western Asia.
Northern Red Oak – Quercus rubra
Fast-growing oak of value to parks, golf courses, and commercial areas. Can reach height of 60-75’. Wood used for many purposes. Native to United States.
Maidenhair Tree – Ginkgo biloba
Lovely fan-shaped leaves yellow in fall. Fruit of female tree gives off foul odor. Able to withstand pollution. Has survived unchanged through 150 million years of evolution. Native to China.
American Sweetgum – Liquidambar styraciflua
Lovely tree when in leaf; nice shape and outline. Can have outstanding fall color. Quite messy when it drops its fruit. Susceptible to several insects and diseases. Native to United States and Mexico.
English Yew – Taxus baccata
This is a magnificent specimen. Red, exfoliating, stringy bark reflects the age of this tree. Yews are one of the most ancient of trees with some estimated to be 3,000 to 4,000 years old. Foliage, bark, and seeds are very toxic to people and all classes of livestock. Native to Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.
Lacebark Elm – Ulmus parvifolia
Also called Chinese elm. Excellent, tough, durable tree growing 40 to 50’ high. Exfoliating bark often a beautiful mottled combination of gray, green, orange, and brown. Native to China, Japan, and Korea.
Tuliptree – Liriodendron tulipfera
A very tall (up to 150’) member of the Magnolia family. Somewhat weak-wooded. Flowers resemble tulips and are often borne high in the tree in May to early June. Aphids are a real problem. Native to United States.
Sugar Maple – Acer saccharum
One of the best of the larger shade trees. Used for making maple syrup. Valuable hardwood durable enough for flooring. Native to Canada and United States.
Japanese Red Pine – Pinus densiflora
Used as specimen because of interesting, irregular form and decorative orange-red bark. Favorite subject for bonsai. Two needles per bundle. Native to Japan, Korea, and China.
White Basswood – Tilia heterophylla
Also known as Beetree Linden. Large tree for public places. Often confused with American Linden. Native to United States.
Horsechestnut – Aesulus hippocastanum
Large tree which produces inedible nuts. Very showy white flowers in long bunches produced in early to mid-May. Huge, sticky dark buds. Susceptible to leaf blotch. Native to Europe.
Bur Oak – Quercus macrocarpa
Also called Mossycup Oak because acorns are deeply enclosed in a cup which is fringed on the edge. Massive trunk in maturity. Native to United States.
Oriental Spruce – Picea orientalis
Graceful and compact, narrow pyramidal. Horizontal branches, often pendulous. Shortest needles of the spruces. Splendid ornamental tree. Native to Asia.
Norway Spruce – Picea abies
Giant species with pendulous branchlets. Loses form with age. Commonly used as windbreak. Regarded as valuable timber tree. Native to Europe.
American Sycamore – Platanus occidentalis
A large tree with a massive trunk and creamy white mottled bark and large maple-like leaves. Can grow over 100 feet tall. Native along rivers in eastern and central U.S.
Honestlocust – Gleditsia triacanthos
Medium sized tree with maximum height usually 60 to 70 feet. Leaves are compound with small leaflets, turning yellow in the fall. Most of the honeylocust in Charles Evans bear large, extremely sharp thorns.
These trees were bred by crossing different elm species in an attempt to resist Dutch Elm Disease which decimated the American elm population.
Large, pyramidal tree with smooth gray bark and purple-green leaves in the summer. Nuts are favored by squirrels and other wildlife.
White Fringetree – Chionanthus virginicus
A shrubby tree growing to a mature height of 12 to 20 feet. Beautiful white flowers are borne on 6-inch long panicles in early June. The dark blue, Y.i-inch fruits are devoured by birds from August to September.
Smoketree – Cotinus
Large, upright shrub or small tree. Leaves are blue-green in fall, turning yellow-red-purple in the fall. Flower stalks are abundant all summer, giving the tree an unusual smoky pink appearance.
BIRDS OF CHARLES EVANS
Charles Evans Cemetery holds an amazing array of bird species. From raptor to warbler in type, and from resident to migratory are the reasons for being seen here.
What draws our avian friends to these 120 acres with approximately 7 miles of paved roads to walk is not a mystery. The elevation, though not the highest location of the County, is one of the highest in the City, and a significant contributing factor.
This habitat also harbors varied trees and shrubs as nest sites, protection, or rest stops along a migratory route. Flowering plants, rich earth and dead wood also act as an endless supply of food. The cycle of bird life is full with predator and prey species, and now becomes complete with you the observer.
Shaded cemeteries have always been productive places to bird and Charles Evans Cemetery is certainly no exception. The grounds and trees come alive with color and song in the spring and much continues throughout the other seasons. The setting always seems to bring peace to the soul but that symphony of bird songs and spectrum of colors soothes the heart and mind as well. Take time and find this magic for yourself.
This project of bird identification is the collective vision of Anna Marino-Hehn, artist/community activist; and Jack Holcomb, past president of the Baird Ornithological Club. They approached James C. Hart, cemetery superintendent with their idea and it won the approval by the Board of Trustees of Charles Evans Cemetery in June of 2009. | <urn:uuid:3c4a93cd-0274-4c52-80b9-9e8ef08c6ebd> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.charlesevanscemetery.org/visit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347432237.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603050448-20200603080448-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.940859 | 3,029 | 3.625 | 4 |
- Fighter bomber redirects here. For the video game, see Fighter Bomber (video game).
A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that is modified or used primarily as a light bomber in the tactical bombing and ground attack roles. It differs from attack aircraft primarily in its origins; attack aircraft are developed for the attack role first and any fighter capability is entirely secondary, whereas fighter-bombers are designed as fighters and then adapted to other roles. This term, although still used, has less significance since the introduction of rockets and guided missiles into aerial warfare. Nowadays, aircraft that carry similar duties are typically called multirole fighters or, sometimes, strike fighters.
Prior to World War II, limitations in engine power required each desired military role to be filled with a custom aircraft. Engine power grew dramatically during the early period of the war, roughly doubling in the period between 1939 and 1943. The Bristol Blenheim, a typical light bomber of the opening stages of the war, had two engines with a total power of less than 2,000 horsepower (1,500 kW). The Vought F4U Corsair of 1943 had more power in its single engine, part of a dramatically smaller, simpler, less expensive single-seat aircraft. With less airframe and crew to lift, the extra power of a platform like the Corsair was much greater than the Blenheim, and light bombers quickly disappeared from the skies.
This evolution in power led to many adaptations of existing fighter designs into the fighter-bomber role. Notable examples include the Focke-Wulf FW 190, Hawker Typhoon and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt. In terms of bombing tactics, various types of fighter-bombers used different techniques. Some of them were intended for high-level bombing, some for low-level semi-horizontal bombing, and some even for low-level steep dive bombing (as in case of Blackburn Skua or A-36 Apache).
In some cases larger twin-engine aircraft were also used in the fighter-bomber role, especially where longer ranges were needed in the naval strike role. Examples include the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Bristol Beaufighter and de Havilland Mosquito. Some Beaufighters had a rear gun manned by the navigator-observer.
Fighter-bombers became increasingly important in the 1950s and 1960s, as new jet engines dramatically improved the power of even the smallest fighter designs. Many aircraft initially designed as fighters or interceptors found themselves in the fighter-bomber role at some point in their career. Notable among these is the F-104 Starfighter, initially designed as a high-performance day fighter and then adapted to the nuclear strike role for European use. Other US examples include the F-100 Super Sabre and, perhaps the most famous example, the F-4 Phantom II, which was used to a great extent during the Vietnam War.
See also
- Dive bomber
- Light bomber
- Tactical bomber
- Ground-attack aircraft
- Multirole combat aircraft
- Strike fighter | <urn:uuid:8b97723a-d6b8-45a6-9c74-80af030e170f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter-bomber | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383259/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00072-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961449 | 631 | 3.515625 | 4 |
If you saw a child drowning, and saving her life simply involved drinking water, what would you do?
Far more people die from drinking dirty water than all the wars, terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis in the world combined each year. Half of the developing world’s hospital beds are occupied by people suffering from water-related diseases. 1.8 million children alone die every year as a result of diseases caused by unclean water and poor sanitation. This amounts to 4,900 deaths a day, the equivalent of 9-11 taking place daily to kids.
The difference is you know it’s coming and have the ability to easily save lives. Will you?
By simply drinking more water each week, you can single-handedly save the lives of numerous children. $80 provides life-long clean water and hygiene education for 4 people. That can easily be accomplished by drinking water in place of a paid drink once a week. Drink a glass of water weekly for 40 years and help 160 kids. Drink a glass of water daily and help 1,120 for their whole lives. When you’re lying on your death bed, will you remember that you drank a lot of soda, coffee or alcohol, or that you saved the lives of many children.
How can you say no? Take the pledge now: | <urn:uuid:ddcc3196-c1a1-4264-9b2b-fcc2f5ccd9d6> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.waterpledge.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462555.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00190-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957404 | 275 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Last spring, a video of a black woman confronting a white man about his dreadlocks went viral. The video, recorded at San Francisco State, shows the woman physically accosting the man as she questions his hairstyle. Corey Goldstein, the man in the clip, pushes her away and replies “you’re saying that I can’t have a hairstyle because of your culture?” The woman tells Goldstein “because it’s my culture, do you know what locs mean?”
To date, the video has amassed over 4 million views and 20,000 comments on YouTube. Furthermore, it’s sparked a massive debate around cultural appropriation.
At its most basic definition, cultural appropriation is the adoption of one culture’s norms and traditions by members of another culture. Sometimes it’s flat out racism, like when someone uses a preposterous accent or throws an offensive “ethnic” themed party. Other times we don’t even notice—like that one time in 2004 when everyone and their brothers started getting European style faux hawks.
I understand the woman’s frustration. She feels like she has to protect the traditions or customs that are a part of her culture. I can relate, as the son of Mexican immigrants, I have been very sensitive at times about how my culture was portrayed in the mainstream media. I would lambast friends who wore sombreros on Cinco de Mayo or mutter my criticism at bars when I saw people doing elaborate tequila shooting rituals (You’re supposed to sip it…)
However, I have since come to realize this understanding of cultural appropriation is flawed. It assumes cultures are 100 percent original. But as history has shown, cultures evolve over time and influence one another. Stated another way, there is no such thing as cultural appropriation because there is no such thing as an original culture.
We tend to think cultures are sets of rigid commandments and norms. But in reality, what we call the “black culture”, the “latino culture” or the “hip-hop culture” are but a loosely grouped, confederacy of ideas that are malleable and vary depending on context and circumstance.
In the New York Times best seller, Sapiens, author Yuval Noah Harari says;
“We still talk a lot about authentic cultures, but if by authentic we mean something that developed independently, and that consists of ancient local traditions free of external influences, then there are no authentic cultures left.”
To illustrate, allow me to recap how I spent the end of 2016. My parents are Mexican immigrants who have lived in California since about the time I was born. This year I was in Modesto for Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years and well, I did a lot of “Mexican” things.
In mid-November, I went to my cousin Santiago’s wedding. As my girlfriend and I settled into our table, we were served delicious al pastor tacos. A staple of Mexican street fare, al pastor is a spit-grilled meat, think donner kabob or Greek gyros. But it’s a fact that style of of grilling on a spit was introduced to Mexico by Lebanese immigrants.
After dinner concluded, Santiago, his new wife and the rest of the wedding party partook in the waltz, a dance common in Mexican ceremonies. It’s also a fact that this dance was imported from Austria (along with Maximilian, the Habsburgs and imperial rule) in the late 19th century. Once the vals Mexicano concluded, a banda came in to take the party to another level.
Banda is by far the most popular style of Mexican music. As my dad says, it’s the soul of the common people. Banda however, has its roots in German polka—another instance of appropriation so seamless we’ve forgotten it. I find the success of banda music in the US somewhat ironic: Mexican immigrants have done more for the advancement of German traditions in America than their German counterparts.
Finally, to recover from my fiesta weekend, I spent Sunday sprawled out on my parents couch for hours, watching a game invented by English sailors and perfected by poor Brazilian boys. Isn’t immigration great?
Cultures have been borrowing from one another since before the agricultural revolution. As such, it would be arrogant for any one group to claim appropriation because groups can’t exert ownership over things or trends. As my friend Patrick said, “whether the reason is war, love or the desire to live a better life, all cultures co-exist and thus, co-create.” To claim cultural appropriation is to claim your group is above the mixing and influence happening when cultures meet. And that is insulting to those outside of your culture.
Now, no one is arguing that it is okay for “white” people to wear blackface or that the guy who purposely called me Carlos, Juan or whatever other Hispanic name he could muster wasn’t being a jerk. What I am proposing instead is that 95% of the people whom you think are “appropriating” from your culture are at best curious and at worst clueless. They are probably not trying to offend you or desecrate your history. In fact, it’s our loose definition of appropriation that is creating the conflict more than some nasty intent on their end.
Writer Farah Shah elaborates on this “outrage”, saying:
Because no lines are drawn, because cultural appropriation is never clearly defined and seems to have entirely different definitions for different people — the discussion of it is almost always guaranteed to turn into something that seems like children fighting over who which food belongs to whom.
Since culture is ever evolving and can shift depending on context and circumstance, it is impossible to have an exact definition of any culture, at any time. As such any arguing over it is going to become more annoying than two underground hip-hop fans trying to one up one another by seeing who can name the most obscure rapper.
Believe me, as a hip-hop fan, I get annoyed when I hear someone say “lit” or “bae.” We were saying that in high school, back in 2004, 2005. But maybe we were like Big L, and just ahead of our time. Generally speaking, these trends—these cultural concepts—I describe are just snapshots of time. To assert ownership over them, to fight over them is nonsense.
If you are mad that people are appropriating “squad goals,” then where do you stop? Are we insulting Greek culture when we drink wine? Am I appropriating Ancient Roman culture when I speak Spanish or Portuguese? Even our concept of authentic cuisine isn’t very authentic. To paraphrase Harari, Julius Caesar and Dante weren’t eating tomato drenched pasta (tomatoes would not introduced to Italy in their life times.) And long before suburban moms appropriated hummus into their Whole Foods shopping lists , Israelis were including this healthy Arab dish in their own meals.
If you’re getting married this year (or celebrating Christmas), think about how you’re borrowing customs from Ancient Roman times. It is a all borrowed. And that is okay because it’s how cultures evolve.
I understand why we were so protective of our norms and traditions, They are a part of our fabric, a part of our identity. But they came from somewhere. Thus, we should be spending our time trying to find commonalities in our cultures, in finding shared experiences that transcend language, religion and skin tone.
Those are two millennials in that video. They go to the same school and are probably struggling under similar amounts of student loan debt. They probably like the same music and visit the same restaurants. He’s probably been made fun of or judged for his dreadlocks. She’s black and has probably faced her share of discrimination. I’ll bet you they both despise Trump and are seriously worried about the next four years.
So why are they fighting? Why aren’t they connecting on any of their many similarities? This outrage culture isn’t doing anything for anyone—except putting us at each others throats.
It’s easy to point out differences and distance ourselves from others. It’s much harder to find common ground. But the irony is that shared experiences—and connecting with others—are what prolong culture and allow debates about who owns what to happen in the first place.
Eric M. Ruiz is a NYC-based writer from Modesto, Calif. He helped launch Waze Ads in Latin America and now focuses on exploring and writing about the differences that make us the same. He thinks in English but hugs in Spanish. | <urn:uuid:b20f52f1-950e-4099-b15e-7824a7c96372> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://observer.com/2017/01/ive-learned-this-the-hard-way-theres-no-such-thing-as-cultural-appropriation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319575.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622135404-20170622155404-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.967383 | 1,838 | 2.5625 | 3 |
She’s a lovely Italian name, a rarity with a very current sound.
Thanks to Esther for suggesting Romola as our Baby Name of the Day.
We’ve talked about the legendary founders of Rome before – Romulus and Remus. The twin sons of Rhea Silvia were saved from exposure by a she-wolf, raised as humble shepherds, and eventually set out to make their fortunes. The brothers quarreled over the location of their new city, and Romulus offed Remus … which is why the eternal city is not known as Reme.
So Romulus refers to Rome, and Rome’s meaning is debated. Some say it is drawn from the Etruscan name for the river Tiber – Rumon – or maybe a word meaning hill. There are a few other theories, but when a city is as enduring as Rome, it speaks for itself.
The Medicis were big fans of Romola, using the name as a favored middle, in combinations like:
- Lucrezia Maria Romola de Medici, born in 1470, the firstborn daughter of Lorenzo de Medici and his wife, Clarice.
- Maria Maddalena Romola de Medici, Lucrezia’s little sister.
- Contessina Antonia Romola de Medici, born in 1478.
- Isabella Romola de Medici, born in 1542, daughter of Cosimo de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
- Giulia Romola di Alessandro de Medici, daughter of Alessandro de Medici, Duke of Florence.
One Medici child received Romola as a first name, but she died in infancy. It wasn’t just the aristocratic family that embraced the name. The sixteenth century Florence-born Alessandra Lucrezia Romola de Ricci became St. Catherine.
Romola was borrowed outside of Italy by the nineteenth century:
- George Eliot penned the novel Romola as a serial from 1862 through 1863. Her tale was set in fifteenth century Florence, making Romola a very appropriate choice. Eliot’s work is almost certainly the reason Romola gained wider use, though it is not well known today. It was adapted as a silent movie in 1924, with Lillian Gish in the title role.
- Emily Theresa Russell, Baroness Ampthill and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria, gave the name Augusta Louise Margaret Romola to her youngest of six children, in 1879.
- A prominent New York family gave the name to their daughter, perhaps because of the years her father spent in Rome as a diplomat.
- Hungarian aristocrat Romola de Pulszky is best known as the wife of Vasily Nijinsky. She wasn’t the only Hungarian Romola – an actress born around the same time also wore the name.
- Vita Sackville-West’s 1930 novel The Edwardians included a minor aristocratic character called Romola.
Romola has also been heard in India in the twentieth century.
My favorite use has to be the whimsically named Romola Remus, one of the first actresses to play Dorothy Gale. She worked with L. Frank Baum on the earliest attempts to adapt his Oz novels for the movies. Remus wasn’t interested in a Hollywood career, and didn’t pursue any further acting opportunities.
Today, English actress Romola Garai, best known as Jane Austen’s Emma in the BBC’s adaptation, keeps her unusual name in the spotlight.
Not only has Romola never cracked the US Top 1000, she was given to fewer than five girls in the US last year. But somehow she feels nicely on trend. She shortens to Romy or Lola and feels slightly less clunky that the similar Ramona. If you’re looking for an unusual choice with history aplenty but little use, Romola might be the name for you. | <urn:uuid:a3b25675-0e6a-4375-813f-d8b395114477> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://appellationmountain.net/baby-name-of-the-day-romola/?doing_wp_cron=1638156108.8981730937957763671875 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302740.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121071203-20220121101203-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.968313 | 832 | 2.875 | 3 |
Scientists have suspected in recent years that Mars might be undergoing some sort of global warming. New data points to the possibility it is emerging from an ice age. NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter has been surveying the planet for nearly a full Martian year now, and it has spotted seasonal changes like the advance and retreat of polar ice. It’s also gathering data of a possible longer trend. There appears to be too much frozen water at low-latitude regions — away from the frigid poles — given the current climate of Mars. The situation is not in equilibrium, said William Feldman of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. | <urn:uuid:8acd0353-0bb8-4f5c-88a7-882e33e3da33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://marsnews.com/archives/2003/12/08/mars-emerging-from-ice-age-data-suggest.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00208-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936925 | 128 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The nursing field is an ever-expanding field, due in large part to the aging Baby Boomer generation. A registered nurse, also known as an RN, may hold a two-year associate's degree in nursing, called an ADN, or she may hold a four-year bachelor's degree in nursing, known as a BSN. Typically, nurses with a BSN degree earn a higher salary than their counterparts with an ADN degree, and they have a greater number of employment options.
A nurse with a BSN may have somewhat differing responsibilities from other nurses with a BSN, depending on her work environment; however, the primary responsibilities for a nurse with a BSN include:
- Supervising and directing nursing aides and certified nursing assistants
- Performing patient assessments
- Making initial diagnostic recommendations to a nurse practitioner or physician
- Creating patient care plans
- Performing minor procedures
- Administering medication as directed by a supervising nurse practitioner or medical doctor
- Monitoring patient vital signs
- Charting patient progress and treatment
- Issuing discharge instruction and answering questions about post-discharge care and follow up
Depending on the setting, nurses with a BSN degree may also help patients perform their activities of daily living, such as bathing, feeding and dressing.
A BSN is a bachelor's degree in nursing, which is typically completed in a four-year university program. Some colleges offer "bridge programs" for nurses who have their ADN degree, but would like to continue their education toward a BSN degree. In addition to this degree, those who have a BSN degree must pass a comprehensive licensing test, called the National Council Licensure Examination, or the NCLEX.
Registered nurses work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, medical centers, physician offices, health care clinics, health department and community healthcare centers. Those seeking positions can also find them in acute care centers, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, the military, schools, in home care or in large corporate settings.
Years of Experience
As with most professions, the greater the years of experience, the greater the potential earnings. Salaries of those with a BSN degree may be influenced by the type of facility they work in and if they are in a large metro are or a rural area. Typically, major medical facilities in large metro areas pay higher salaries than do those in smaller medical facilities in rural areas.
- 0-5 years: $43,664-$75,692
- 5-10 years: $47,064-$89,650
- 10-20 years: $50,378-$94,954
- Over 20 years: $51,382-$100,589
Job Growth Trends
It is anticipated that the nursing field will be one of the fastest-paced industries through 2026, growing at a rate of 15 percent. This expansion is expected because of an aging population; greater demand for preventative care; and the increasingly demanding needs of people with chronic conditions. | <urn:uuid:62a655bf-2378-4772-bbf2-8ceab5d1a140> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://work.chron.com/much-rn-make-bsn-11290.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823738.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212044022-20181212065522-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.965252 | 617 | 2.625 | 3 |
Connected devices are reaching every part of our lives, from wearables, to the smart home, to the industrial internet. ().
IoT has come a long way incredibly quickly since the , a toaster that could be turned on and off by the internet. Twenty-seven years later, connected devices have gone from novelty item to an essential part of daily life. Recent estimates have shown that the average American adult spends, a device packed with IoT sensor data. And this is a cycle that builds on itself. Currently, Imagine how much more data we will be sending and receiving when 81 percent of Americans own a smart car and a smart home.
Today, most data from IoT devices is processed in the cloud, which means the data being produced in all corners of the globe is sent to a handful of computers located in centralized datacenters. However, with the quantity of IoT devices expected to skyrocket to as many as 20 billion by 2020, the volume and velocity with which data is being sent over the internet poses critical challenges to a cloud-only approach.
Here are three key truths about IoT infrastructure that will force IoT manufacturers away from a cloud-only model to a new paradigm called fog computing in 2018.
, instead of near major population centers. That means, ironically, the more people and devices area has the less likely it is to be located anywhere near a datacenter.
It makes little sense that the nearest Amazon datacenter is almost 300 miles from New York City, meaning data sent from our wearables and smart offices makes a 600-mile round trip to the cloud for processing, passing the tens of millions of computers in its vicinity on its way.
Already cloud’s distance issues are such that an estimated half of cloud customers due to latency and performance, according to IDC.
, making it more accessible will propel the entrepreneurs, researchers, students and businesses developing tomorrow’s most innovative technologies.
3. The future is foggy
The term for an infrastructure in which processing power can be leveraged anywhere on a continuum from device to cloud is fog computing. Fog extends cloud computing to the edge of a network, enabling any computing device to host software services and process, analyze and store data closer to where it’s produced. For example, instead of a smart thermostat sending a temperature reading every minute to a cloud datacenter states away, a server in the same room can process over the data to determine whether any of it needs to be acted upon.
A fog architecture brings an enormous amount of processing power into the fold. As that processing power is often already located near the devices that need it, it cuts down the distance data is traveling exponentially, reducing latency. As a result, decisions can be made quicker, and IoT manufacturers and software developers will see a lower cloud bill by limiting the amount of data that gets sent there. Fog leaves the cloud free to do what it does best—global coordination, longer-term data storage and analytics that are not time-critical.
Fog computing takes the best parts of cloud computing and on-site IT and creates a single holistic architecture. There are a number of people already working to make this essential shift in architecture, of which my company ActiveAether is one. The patented technology leverages available compute to deploy software on demand to participating, geographically appropriate computers, whether that be an office server or your laptop at home. | <urn:uuid:1efbabff-00ec-4992-b4d9-39c9863f5a94> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.digitaltechglobal.com/cloud-computing/idg-contributor-network-3-things-to-know-about-iot-and-fog-in-2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347432521.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603081823-20200603111823-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.948914 | 694 | 3.03125 | 3 |
One tablespoon of coconut oil contains 12 grams of saturated fat. Nearly 60 percent of the 115 calories in one tablespoon comes from saturated fat. The remaining 40 percent is unsaturated fat. Coconut oil is 100 percent fat and lacks any vitamins or common minerals.
If you’ve been consuming coconut oil regularly, should you call your cardiologist?
Or, are there some healthy coconut oil benefits that aren’t readily apparent from reading the nutrition label on the jar? Is coconut oil harmful, harmlessly neutral, or healthy? Let’s take a look…
1. Coconut oil raises LDL cholesterol: Stop the presses! Isn’t LDL the ‘bad’ cholesterol? Some medical papers warn that tropical oils like coconut oil increase the body’s level of LDL, also known as low-density lipoprotein. But are higher LDL levels unequivocally a bad thing? Some research goes against popular conceptions. One small study of non-exercisers who were put through a rigorous workout determined that those who gained the most muscle mass also had the highest levels of LDLs. At least one doctor commented on this study, suggesting that LDL cholesterol and muscle function has a direct correlation.
2. Coconut oil is high in saturated fat but won’t make you fat: Again, contrary to public opinion, the fact that coconut oil is high in saturated fat but is considered a health food by many might confound people. But not all fat is created equally; some forms are easily absorbed and utilized by the body (specifically medium and short-chain fats; coconut oil is medium chain). In other words, consuming non-hydrogenated (processed), natural forms of saturated fat will not make you fat, necessarily. One study published in the journal Lipids concluded, “It appears that dietetic supplementation with coconut oil does not cause dyslipidemia [high blood cholesterol levels] and seems to promote a reduction in abdominal obesity.”
3. Coconut oil increases HDL cholesterol: Similar to the popular notion that LDL cholesterol is ‘bad,’ HDL cholesterol is generally regarded as good. Although some researchers claim that cholesterol is cholesterol; it’s neither good nor bad, virtually every doctor encourages healthy HDL levels. Coconut oil was both vilified and lauded by Harvard School of Public Health’s, Walter Willett, M.D. Willett says in a Harvard Health Letter that coconut oil raises both LDL and HDL levels. “What's interesting about coconut oil is that it also gives ‘good’ HDL cholesterol a boost. Fat in the diet, whether it's saturated or unsaturated, tends to nudge HDL levels up, but coconut oil seems to be especially potent at doing so,” Willett concludes.
4. Coconut oil has anti-microbial properties: An abstract of a study in the Journal of Medicinal Food concluded: “It is noteworthy that coconut oil was active against species of Candida at 100 percent concentration compared to fluconazole. Coconut oil should be used in the treatment of fungal infections in view of emerging drug-resistant Candida species.”
A research paper on the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community website by Dr. Jon Kabara, professor emeritus at Michigan State, states that coconut oil was recognized for its “extraordinary health properties” 4,000 years ago by the Ayurveda medicinal community in ancient India. “The medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides found primarily in [coconut oil has] miraculous healing power. It is rare in the history of medicine to find substances that have such useful properties and still be without toxicity or even harmful side effects.” (p.1)
5. Coconut oil may help prevent heart disease: The Coconut Research Center claims a large number of studies prove a direct correlation between chronic infections and heart disease. Pathogenic organisms are killed by medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil. Therefore, says the Center, coconut oil can reduce the risk of heart disease.
One of the studies the Center points to is one published in the journal, Lipids, which concludes, “[P]olicies that prioritize the reduction of SFA [saturated fatty acid] consumption without specifically considering the replacement nutrient may have little or no effects on [cardiovascular] disease risk, especially as the most common replacement in populations is often [carbohydrates].” In other words, at the very least, some research proves that saturated fat is not necessarily bad for heart health and a diet high in carbohydrates could be much worse.
Know of other coconut oil benefits? What do you think about coconut oil? Is it a health food? Let us know below.
Judd Handler is a health writer residing in Encinitas, California. | <urn:uuid:e6aaa123-d782-427f-81ea-f17f2a647d4e> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.mnn.com/food/healthy-eating/stories/coconut-oil-benefits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096504.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00214-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95275 | 979 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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By email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:cf9a8af1-195d-43bb-86cd-d2c4e55fd043> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.cmtelematics.com/Cookies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578742415.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425213812-20190425235812-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.891866 | 543 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Book Review: “Teaching English With Art: Norman Rockwell,” by Jorge Sette.
Task based learning extends to art appreciation.
Here in Hamburg, you can book English tours of the Art Gallery, and brush up your English while distracted by beauty (or ugliness).
And why not? Looking at a picture is as inspirational and conversation-provoking as any standard discussion theme, and shifting the emphasis from word to picture takes the pressure off less confident (and tired) learners.
Jorge Sette has produced a series of supplementary resources for the language learning classroom. “Teaching English With Art” features all the greats: Picasso, Van Gogh, Matisse and Monet, and a few less well known artists too.
I didn’t know much about Norman Rockwell. He was an illustrator and Great American Myth Maker, producing images that spanned the 1920s to the 1960s, often reflecting or deflecting from the issues of the times. In 1939, the year that war broke out in Europe, he produced the escapist “A Scout is Helpful”. When the USA entered the war in 1943, Rockwell produced four illustrations (“The Four Freedoms”) based on a speech made by President Roosevelt. One of these became iconic in the aspirational USA. “Freedom From Want”, shows a Walton-like family about to tuck into a formidable Thanksgiving turkey.
There’s lots to discuss here and Sette offers a warm-up quiz, biographical information, and then ideas for activities for students from CEFR levels A2 to C1, which can easily be adapted to suit any learner’s interest and needs.
Buy the set. They’re not expensive.
A longer version of this book review first appeared here: https://speakeasyandwritewell.wordpress.com/2015/06/10/book-review-teaching-english-with-art-norman-rockwell-by-jorge-sette/ | <urn:uuid:fb12dcc6-7d21-4d8f-a474-09c75964e8bf> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://helenwaldron.com/2016/09/14/book-review-teaching-english-with-art-norman-rockwell-by-jorge-sette/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657169226.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200716122414-20200716152414-00035.warc.gz | en | 0.946058 | 430 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Ancient Nubians: A hard life
EAST LANSING, Mich. — Life in ancient Nubia could be brutal. Residents of Mis Island – a remote area along the Fourth Cataract of the Nile River in present day Sudan – were plagued by meager diets, high infant mortality and diseases such as scurvy and tuberculosis.
That’s part of the story developing from a collection of more than 400 Nubian skeletons currently housed at Michigan State University, where student researchers in the Department of Anthropology are analyzing the remains. The data they collect could provide a better understanding of this mysterious culture dating from the sixth to 15th centuries.
Angela Soler, who recently earned her doctorate in physical anthropology from MSU, led a group of graduate and undergraduate students in analyzing the adult skeletons last year. Soler found evidence of numerous cases of tuberculosis and some evidence of leprosy.
“Life must have been difficult for these individuals and we see that in the skeletal remains,” said Soler, whose dissertation was based on the collection.
Trauma was fairly common in the collection, including a skull that had been cut open by a sharp object such as a sword. The trauma could have been the result of infighting or perhaps a Muslim invasion. Mis Island was Christian until about 1400 A.D. when most of the population converted to Islam.
Soler said the population had “the most extreme tooth wear” she had ever seen – the result of the desert sand mixing with their food and grinding away the enamel. “When the tooth gets that worn down, the root can get infected, and that infection can get into the bloodstream and lead to death,” she said.
For food, the population relied on whatever could be grown in the desert, such as sorghum grains and seasonal fruits and vegetables. But unlike Egypt to the north – the “bread basket of the Roman Empire” – the arid land of Mis Island made growing food extremely difficult, said doctoral student Carolyn Hurst.
Hurst, who’s currently leading a group of students in analyzing the child and adolescent skeletons, said there are many newborns and infants in the collection and most show evidence of disease likely caused by nutritional deficiencies.
At the Giltner Hall laboratory where the collection is kept, Hurst held up a child’s skull and pointed out evidence of scurvy, a disease stemming from vitamin C deficiency that leads to weakened and ruptured blood vessels. The skull had several areas peppered with tiny holes – a skeletal response to chronic bleeding in those areas.
“Many people in this culture died young, and infant mortality is one of the biggest indicators of the health of a population because the kids are the most vulnerable,” Hurst said. “They really lived a rough life.”
Michigan State University has been working to advance the common good in uncommon ways for more than 150 years. One of the top research universities in the world, MSU focuses its vast resources on creating solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges, while providing life-changing opportunities to a diverse and inclusive academic community through more than 200 programs of study in 17 degree-granting colleges. | <urn:uuid:17281ada-cb7f-40dc-af40-dec65309a7b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2012/ancient-nubians-a-hard-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120694.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00580-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964873 | 668 | 3.296875 | 3 |
History of cricket
Cricket has a long history in the Maldives. A form of cricket called “Filaagandu Boalha” (Wood plank ball) was introduced to the Maldives around 1880 by a scholar who returned from Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
The game was progressively adopted over these years. Formal cricket rules and regulations were first introduced around 1920. The year also marked the formation of the first cricket club in the Maldives, the Malè Cricket Club. At that time cricket was played in palace courtyards, on the streets and open spaces and was very much an elite sport. Organised matches were played between visiting teams of British naval vessels.
The first government organised training programmes were begun in the 1960s. In March 1969 a training programme was launched for the first time with facilities for outdoor nets and slip boards. The Cricket Control Board of Maldives (CCBM) was established on 1 January 1983 by the government to promote and develop the game of cricket in the Maldives. The Maldives became a member of the Asian Cricket Council in 1996, and an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 1998.
International cricket and developing the game
Since playing International cricket since the early 1960s, Maldives biggest triumph in any international sports has come through cricket, with the Maldives national team winning the Emerging Nations Tournament consecutively in 2005 and 2006 and the Asian Cricket Council Trophy Challenge in 2010 securing ‘Affiliate’ Status for the National Team.
Maldives age group teams have also shown considerable progress over the past few years with the Maldives Under 15 team winning 5th place in the ACC U15 Challenge Cup held in Thailand in 2006.
Many of the retired cricketers and current players take part in the Development Programme ‘Cricket for the Year 2000 and Beyond’, which is specifically aimed at introducing cricket to school children with the long term aim of creating a new generation of talented cricketers who will represent the country. Launched in 1999 with the primary aim of introducing cricket to school children. The programme inducts players from all the primary schools in Malè and each year is expanding to more islands around the country. | <urn:uuid:ef6195d6-106e-4e92-a193-5fb6e8083b03> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/associate/117 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250599789.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120195035-20200120224035-00415.warc.gz | en | 0.979021 | 449 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Nearly everyone—vegans and animal advocates included—has a much greater affinity for mammals than for birds. The term “animal lover” brings to mind dogs and cats; at the most “radical,” maybe even cows.
Birds—especially chickens—are incredible, amazing individuals. They are smart, they have personalities, they have friends and bonds, and they care fiercely for their children.
From an advocacy perspective, chickens make up the vast majority of animals who suffer in the United States today. The numbers are incredibly stark. With our dietary choices, the average American is responsible for the suffering and death of about two dozen land animals. 23 of these 24 are birds.
Not just the numbers should give us pause. Chickens raised on modern factory farms suffer horribly their entire lives. Professor of Veterinary Science John Webster describes modern chicken production as “in both magnitude and severity, the single most severe, systematic example of man’s inhumanity to another sentient being.”
These two facts—the numbers and the suffering—expose what is perhaps the greatest problem with farm animal advocacy today. Many—if not most—of the messaging and campaigns intended to help farm animals are created by vegans. Consciously or not, our advocacy is shaped to excite vegan donors and get likes and shares by vegans on social media.
Given our fondness for mammals, these campaigns often focus on cows and pigs. Animal advocates’ messages generally present veganism as the perfect ideal, but many arguments serve to promote mammals or denigrate red meat.
The Key Insight
The most important insight for advocates is what won Herb Simon his Nobel Prize in Economics: People don’t make optimal or “perfect” decisions. Rather, almost everyone makes choices based on what is a bit “better” or is “good enough.”
This has direct implications for anyone concerned about animals. For example, most advocates see their vegan diet as best for water usage (or global warming or heart disease). But almost everyone who actually cares about water usage (or climate change or heart disease) simply sees chicken being much better than beef.
This is true on just about every measure – chicken is always and significantly better than beef or pork in terms of environmental impact or health consequences.
Given that it takes more than 200 chickens to provide the same number of meals as one cow, we must avoid anything that risks encouraging anyone to replace red meat with chickens. Conversely, if we can convince someone to stop eating birds, they would go from being responsible for the factory farming and slaughtering of about two dozen land animals per year to fewer than one.
Isn’t that amazing?
Beyond just numbers, though, we want our advocacy to be psychologically sound. We know a “big ask” is far less likely to lead to any change at all, compared to a smaller, incremental ask. Relative to full vegetarianism or veganism, just giving up (or even cutting back on) eating chickens can seem far more achievable, and thus more likely pursued by more people.
The Most Likely Route to Sustained Change
Furthermore, we know individuals who evolve over time to full vegetarianism or veganism are more likely to maintain that change (a major consideration given the overwhelming 80% rate of veg recidivism). Obviously, any journey has to start with the first step. We should shape our message such that the one step is seen as “doable” for our audience and also as meaningful as possible for animals.
This is the reasoning behind One Step for Animals. In short, One Step focuses on preventing the suffering of as many animals as possible. Period.
Those of us behind One Step have over 150 years of combined animal advocacy. At this time, we truly believe numbers-focused, psychologically sound harm reduction is the best way to both reduce suffering, as well as to work toward the world we want: a world where animals are no longer viewed as food. | <urn:uuid:3282a678-bb56-4f53-a01c-61c3483ea3bf> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.worldofvegan.com/one-step-for-animals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202640.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190322074800-20190322100800-00429.warc.gz | en | 0.961455 | 820 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In order to find out whether he were really drunk, the Major pinched himself so hard that he unvoluntarily uttered a cry.
late 14c. (implied in voluntarily), from Latin voluntarius "of one's free will," from voluntas "will," from the ancient accusative singular present participle of velle "to wish" (see will (v.)). Originally of feelings, later also of actions (mid-15c.).
voluntary vol·un·tar·y (vŏl'ən-těr'ē)
Arising from or acting on one's own free will.
Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition, as of respiration.
Capable of making choices; having the faculty of will. | <urn:uuid:f61d1b87-82b8-486b-af1a-672b8dae86d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/unvoluntarily | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189239.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00227-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948065 | 161 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In the second decade of the 20th Century, American society was steeped in the opulence and hedonism of the ‘Roaring 20s’. The Great War was over and economic progress had returned big time to the United States. The zeitgeist was the closest Americans came to the French joie de vivre.
According to some sociologists, the generation during that time (the Crisis stage) was the artist group. The 1920s gave birth to bohemians and flappers, so it would indeed appear that the authors were right.
The flapper, described as a young girl on the verge of womanhood, were idealized as a very thin, small breasted, narrow hipped female who wore tight fitting clothing and exuded constant joy and amazement and who loved to party. The lifestyle was best captured in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s tragic novel ‘The Great Gatsby’.
The term Flapper first surfaced in Britain after World War I and, according to a dictionary definition, it became associated with the young girls similarity to the “fledgling [bird], yet in the nest, and vainly attempting to fly while its wings have only pinfeathers”.
Atlas Obscura reports that the required body image of the Flapper, a look now seen as “lean and androgynous”, necessitated a diet that became the first ‘fad’.
The Flapper eagerly threw off the fashion of the prior generation, whose clothing was designed for a plump-corseted female figure hidden beneath flowing attire.
Instead, the Flapper would don often skin-tight skirts and blouses that could only be fit into with the help of a draconian dietary regime.
“Suddenly, raw vegetables were in vogue…consumption of potatoes had diminished, while students were eating more celery, tomatoes, and lettuce. [P]eople followed the Hollywood 18-Day Diet—a prototype of modern fads. Inspired by the burgeoning film industry, they ate only oranges, grapefruit, toast, and eggs.”
The movies, which made their debut in the 20s, depicted actresses of petite frame freewheeling about with rich men, cigarette and/or cocktail in hand. The media image had women rushing to emulate the silver screen goddesses.
Cigarette advertisements often included young, thin girls encouraging women to take up smoking. Obscura notes one such ad from Lucky Strike brandishing the slogan, “To keep a slender figure no one can deny. Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet.” One of the defining traits of the Flapper women from their predecessors was their nearly constant smoking.
Another dietary shortcut used by women were drugs like cocaine. In fact, the Roaring 20s were largely fueled by coke, cigarettes and alcohol. When combined with radical dieting, the results were often tragic.
“Barbara La Marr, who epitomized flapperdom’s wild side,” writes Obscura, “died at age 29 from a combination of drug addiction and extreme dieting.”
Critical voices of the fad diet did arise, but thanks to a best-selling book called ‘Diet & Health: With Key to the Calories’ authored by Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters, those voices were largely expunged.
Peters encouraged women to continue dieting and was the first widely-read author to posit the supposed dangers of a calorie-rich diet.
Peters noted in her book, “Any food eaten beyond what your system requires for its energy, growth, and repair, is fattening, or is an irritant, or both.”
As quickly as she arrived on the scene, the Flapper quickly departed. The Roaring 20s preceded the devastating shock of the Great Depression and then the decimating conflagration of the Second World War.
One could argue that her like would not be seen again until the ‘Flower Child’ of the 1960s, a time ironically in sync with the preceding Crisis stage in American history.
What do you think?
Leave a comment on our Facebook Page | <urn:uuid:3b18634b-5042-42f2-af19-f524e969237a> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://politicsedge.com/healthcare/could-you-follow-this-flapper-diet-from-100-years-ago/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515041.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022113301-20181022134801-00490.warc.gz | en | 0.973216 | 880 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The color white projects purity, cleanliness, and neutrality. Doctors don white coats, brides traditionally wear white gowns, and a white picket fence surrounds a safe and happy home.
How the Color White Affects Us Physically
- Aids mental clarity
- Encourages us to clear clutter or obstacles
- Evokes purification of thoughts or actions
- Enables fresh beginnings
Color White Meaning Around the World
- White is the traditional color worn by brides in the western world, as well as in Japan.
- White is a color of mourning in China and parts of Africa.
- It was the custom for the Queens of France to wear deuil blanc or “white mourning”
- White was the color of deepest mourning among medieval European queens was white rather than black. This tradition survived in Spain until the end of the fifteenth century.
- In Chinese culture, colors corresponded with the five primary elements, the directions, and the four seasons. White was associated with metal, west, and autumn.
- A white flag is universally recognized as a symbol of truce.
- The Japanese have six distinct terms to define whiteness.
- The ancient Greeks wore white to bed to ensure pleasant dreams.
Religious and Mythological Associations with the Color White
- In Christianity, a white lily represents the Madonna.
- On Yom Kippur the Grand Rabbi dresses in white to restore an amiicable relationship between God and his people.
- In the Bible, white represents the color of light and is an emblem of the divine.
Political Associations with the Color White
- A person who is politically ultraconservative is sometimes referred to as white.
INTERESTING INFORMATION ABOUT WHITE
- According to Pantone Inc., white is the best selling color for the classic american t-shirt.
- More shades of white are available commercially than any other color.
- White clothing typically becomes translucent when wet.
- The appearance of white in a dream is thought to represent happiness at home. White castles are a symbol of achievement, destiny perfectly fulfilled, and spiritual perfection.
- Originally, scientists wore beige coats. In the late 19th century, medical professionals chose white ones. The color white was chosen because of the idea of hope and expectations for healing and recovery that the physicians would bring.
WHITE IN ATHLETICS AND SPORTS
Dr. Jigor Kano, founder of Judo, created divisions among students using Belt colors, in order to give students recognition for certain achievements. The white belt represents innocence, purity, and virginity of the soul and mind, just as in church the meaning of a white garment is sinless life.
Signature Color White
- White Christmas: the appearance of snow on Christmas day
- White elephant: a possession that no longer holds value for its owner See why…
- White flag: the signal of a peaceful surrender
- White goods: a description of household items, such as linens, towels, and appliances
- White hot: extreme manner of intensity
- White lie: a harmless untruth usually told out of politeness Why white instead of another color?
- White sauce: a sauce made from stock, butter, flour and seasonings
- White feather: a symbol of cowardice
- “White…is not a mere absence of colour; it is a shining and affirmative thing, as fierce as red, as definite as black…God paints in many colours; but He never paints so gorgeously, I had almost said so gaudily, as when He paints in white.” — G. K. Chesterton
- “The first of all single colors is white … We shall set down white for the representative of light, without which no color can be seen; yellow for the earth; green for water; blue for air; red for fire; and black for total darkness.” — Leonardo Da Vinci
- “ELOQUENCE, n. The art of orally persuading fools that white is the color that it appears to be. It includes the gift of making any color appear white.” — Ambrose Bierce
- “Black and white are absolute…expressing the most delicate vibration, the most profound tranquility, and unlimited profundity.” — Shiko Munakata
- “Never use pure white; it doesn’t exist in nature.” — Aldro T. Hibbard
- “The great black and white draftsman, the sculptor, and the blind man know that form and color are separate. The form itself is what the blind man knows…Color is surface skin that fits over the form.” — John Sloan
- “White covers a multitude of sins.” — Jonathan Milne
- The message you send by driving a vehicle that is White: Fastidious.– From The Color Answer Book by Leatricce Eiseman with permission
- Nights in White Satin by the Moody Blues
- White Men in Black Suits by Everclear
- White on White by Danny Williams
- White Queen (As It Began) by Queen on Queen II
- White Rabbit by Jefferson Airplane on Surrealistic Pillow
- White Riot by The Clash
- White Room by Alisha’s Attic
- White Room by Cream
- White Wedding by Billy Idol
- Whiter Shade of Pale by Procol Harum
- White is considered a neutral color in landscape design. Its appearance can be used as a background for other colors.
- White can brighten up a garden and is a good choice for dark areas of a landscape.
- “Moon gardens” consist of all white flowering plants. This type of garden gives the illusion of glowing in the moonlight, making them a good choice for areas you spend time in during the evening.
- In general, white and pale flowers are more strongly scented than their darker counterparts.
- White teas are the most delicate of all teas. Great care is taken so that only the youngest leaves are used. The finest varieties are appreciated for their unmatched subtlety, complexity, and natural sweetness.
- The rich, sweet scent of French Vanilla is a strong and creamy fragrance that is great year round. It is a scent that is calming, consoling, soothing, purifying, and centering. -Scent It.com
- The strong floral scent of the Gardenia blossom has a mood-lifting and sensual appeal.
- “Coconut” was the original scent of the white colored Magic Scents Crayons from Binney & Smith Inc., introduced in 1994 with mostly food scents. However, there were numerous reports that children were eating the food-scented crayons, so the food scents were retired and replaced with non-food scents. The scent for the color white became “baby powder.” | <urn:uuid:23a38160-79ef-4ce5-89d2-a4159279ba01> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.sensationalcolor.com/color-meaning/color-meaning-symbolism-psychology/all-about-the-color-white-4369 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443738095178.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001222135-00174-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933876 | 1,444 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Foliar fungal pathogens are unlikely to promote grassland diversity
Pathogens are ubiquitous. If pathogens increase with preferred host(s), they may suppress common species and benefit rare species, promoting species diversity. Despite their proposed importance, the impacts, identities, and host ranges of pathogens in natural communities are relatively unknown. In a new publication in Ecology, postdoctoral fellow Erin Spear (now a faculty member at Regis University) and Stanford assistant professor Erin Mordecai identified foliar fungal pathogens and evaluated host specificity and fitness impacts in grasslands at Jasper Ridge. Contrary to prevailing hypotheses, most pathogens were relatively unspecialized, caused damage that was independent of host relative abundance, and had weak fitness impacts. Together, these findings suggest that foliar fungal pathogens are unlikely to promote negative frequency-dependence or plant species coexistence in this California grassland. A preprint of the publication is available here.
For pathogens to cause negative frequency-dependence and promote diversity, they must disproportionately damage relatively common host species and reduce host population growth. The former may occur because individual pathogen species are relatively host specialized or exhibit host preference; or because communities of multi-host pathogen species are differentially structured by plant species. To explore the putative role of pathogens in negative frequency-dependence, Spear and Mordecai: (a) quantified pathogen-caused damage and (b) measured seed output in relation to plant species relative abundance; and described the fungal pathogens and their host specialization by (c) isolating fungi from diseased leaf tissue and (d) by conducting inoculation experiments to verify pathogenicity. Photo credits: Erin Spear (a, c), Reuben Brandt (b), Erin Mordecai (d). | <urn:uuid:e45b773b-d456-48c7-b198-0415811aa5c5> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://jrbp.stanford.edu/news/foliar-fungal-pathogens-are-unlikely-promote-grassland-diversity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201953.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319093341-20190319115341-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.941609 | 356 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The battle between Achilles and Hector is witnessed by their respective guardian deities, Athena and Apollo. At the centre, Achilles advances, armed with a sword and ready to strike. Hector has fallen already with wounds on the trunk and on the left thigh which bleed copiously; he still wields his shield and spear uselessly; a broken spear lies on the ground. Athena raises her arm in an interlocutory gesture and assists Achilles, whose victory she has ensured through deception (the goddess had assumed the likeness of Deiphobus, promising to help Hector to encourage him to the duel; furthermore, she had restored the spear to Achilles after his shot did not find its target: Hom., Il. XXII, 225-275). Apollo, at this stage powerless to save Hector, is armed with a bow and arrow, which he points menacingly towards Achilles, thus prefiguring his tragic destiny, as prophesied by Hector himself at the moment of his death; indeed, the hand of Paris guided by Apollo would release the fatal arrow at the Scaean Gate (Hom., Il. XXII,359).
The Eucharides Painter, a minor figure among the painters of the early fifth century B.C., is considered to have been a pupil of the Painter of Nikoxenos, a ceramic painter from the Leagros Group who subsequently converted to the red figure technique. | <urn:uuid:53b6da49-056c-4963-9039-d66f86deced9> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/museo-gregoriano-etrusco/sala-xix--emiciclo-inferiore--collezione-dei-vasi--ceramica-atti/hydria-attica-del-pittore-di-eucharides.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057225.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921161350-20210921191350-00250.warc.gz | en | 0.970001 | 280 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Construction safety officers are responsible for coordinating safety tasks in construction environments for their organizations and ensuring that safety conditions and regulations are followed at all times. They should work well with other safety officers to share information and supervise construction processes and also follow strict safety regulations to prevent accidents before, during, and after construction.
Construction safety officers must have strong communication skills to explain safety guidelines, documentation, and protection gear, and they often use steel-toed boots, gloves, and goggles to protect their bodies. They must ensure that all workers use the same items and other protection gear and vests when handling specialized equipment, and they also communicate regularly with federal agencies to stay up-to-date on a range of safety issues. Construction safety officers work together with architects and construction managers to verify that all structures are solid and pose no dangers, and they use a personal computer to create reports based on their observations and recommend changes to construction management. They may also attend safety training to stay educated about these safety procedures.
Construction safety officers may conduct orientations for new employees on how to handle tools and what to do when an accident occurs. They must report any issues to the construction manager on-site and also perform regular safety evaluations to identify potentially dangerous situations. These safety officers should develop strong business relationships with vendors to verify that all tools employed in the construction meet security standards, and they are also responsible for communicating with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to gather information and requirements and resolve issues as needed. A high school diploma is often a minimum requirement for this position, and prior work experience in construction is highly beneficial. Safety and construction certifications are also helpful.
Construction Safety Officer Tasks
Design and implement site safety plans in compliance with law and contract obligations.
Meet with interested parties and government bodies to develop compliance plans and / or explain potential liabilities.
Perform site inspections and investigate non-compliance claims. | <urn:uuid:6efb8e8e-9169-4ddc-8015-4d8dc3e35b05> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Construction_Safety_Officer/Salary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608684.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526203511-20170526223511-00177.warc.gz | en | 0.956299 | 386 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Preimplantation Genetic Testing
for Structural Rearrangements (PGT-SR) for Translocation and Chromosomal Rearrangements
PGT-SR identifies structural chromosomal abnormalities caused by rearrangements, including translocations, inversions, deletions and duplications, prior to achievement of a pregnancy.
Understanding Translocations Chromosome Rearrangements
Chromosomes are the blueprints of our body and are important for healthy development. They are the structures in our cells that carry our genetic information (genes).
Most individuals have 46 separate chromosomes in each of our cells, which come in 23 pairs (including pairs 1 through 22 and then XX for female or XY for Male; One copy of each chromosome is inherited from the egg, and the other from the sperm.
Different types of Chromosomal Rearrangements include:
Translocation: segments of two chromosomes break off and exchange places
Inversion: a segment of a chromosome breaks and reverses orientation
Deletion: a segment of a chromosome is missing
Duplication: an extra segment of a chromosome exists Insertion: a segment of a chromosome is inserted but into the incorrect location
Benefits of PGT-SR
PGT-SR refers to genetic tests conducted on embryos. Typically the couple has a previously identified translocation, inversion, or other chromosomal rearrangement. In conjunction with an In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycle, these tests identify chromosomal abnormalities in an embryo, prior to achievement of a pregnancy.
PGT-SR enables embryo(s) not having the arrangement to be identified and selected for transfer. This avoids a failed implantation, miscarriage and/or the birth of a child with multiple congenital anomalies, resulting from an unbalanced chromosome translocation.
Individuals who carry a balanced translocation or inversion may have all the correct genetic information, but found in a different position than expected. These individuals are typically healthy, but are at increased risk for infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, or having a child with a chromosome abnormality.
PGT-SR allows selection of embryo(s) that has the correct amount of genetic material and embryos that have extra or missing genetic material as a result of the translocation or rearrangement.
Reproductive Genetic Innovations offers PGT-SR for chromosomal rearrangements, which includes 24-chromosome PGT-A, using Next-Generation Sequencing and state-of-the-art technologies if needed.
PGT-SR is performed on embryo biopsy samples. Following an egg (oocyte) retrieval and fertilization, one or more cells are removed from a blastocyst (day 5/6 embryo), then transported to RGI’s lab for PGT-SR analysis. PGT-SR for translocations typically does not require the submission of any parental blood samples or work-up prior to testing. This is determined on a case-by-case basis, upon review of the translocation report.
Developments in Next-Generation Sequencing for chromosomal rearrangements (PGT-SR) is used for detection of rearranged translocated fragments no smaller than 4-5 Mb. The method detects not only unbalanced embryos, but also identifies aneuploid embryos. For smaller fragments, the development of a special design will be required, which should be discussed in advance.
Reproductive Genetic Innovations offers testing for all 24 chromosomes, using Next-Generation Sequencing and state-of-the-art technologies with the capacity to test all the chromosomes.
PGT-A is performed on embryo biopsy samples. Following oocyte (egg) retrieval and fertilization, one or more cells are removed from a blastocyst (day 5 to 6 embryo), transported to RGI for PGT-A analysis. PGT-A does not require the submission of any parental blood samples or work-up prior to testing.
In Next-Generation Sequencing the DNA sequence of the embryo biopsies is directly analyzed. This determines whether there are extra or missing copies of the whole or part of chromosomes. The optimal accuracy is 98%, when performed on a blastocyst (day 5/6) embryo biopsy. | <urn:uuid:6fa96957-9090-41d5-afda-44a025320c27> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://rgiscience.com/pgt-sr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154042.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210731011529-20210731041529-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.866149 | 878 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Asthma is a chronic disease that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma affects 22 million Americans and causes nearly 2 million emergency room visits each year. Asthma may occur at any age, although it is more common in younger individuals (under age 40). There is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper self-management and medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead normal, productive lives. There are three major features of asthma:
- Airway Obstruction: Allergy-causing substances and environmental triggers cause the bands of muscle surrounding the airways to tighten, and air cannot move freely
- Inflammation: People with asthma have red, swollen bronchial tubes. This inflammation greatly contributes to the long-term damage that asthma can cause to the lungs.
- Airway Irritability: The airways of people with asthma are extremely sensitive. The airways tend to overreact and narrow due to even the slightest environmental triggers. Inflammation makes irritability worse.
Most people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days, and can become dangerous if the airflow is severely restricted. Symptoms include:
- Coughing, especially at night
- Shortness of breath that worsens with activity
- Abnormal breathing pattern
- Chest pain, pressure, or tightness in chest
Not everyone with asthma has the same symptoms of an asthma attack. You may not have all of these symptoms, or your symptoms may vary from one attack to the next, being mild during one attack and severe during another.
Asthma causes and triggers
- Infections such as sinusitis, colds, and flu
- Allergens, such as pollens, mold spores, pet dander, and dust mites
- Irritants, such as strong odors from perfumes or cleaning solutions, and air pollution
- Tobacco smoke
- Gastric reflux, or heartburn
- Exercise, called exercised-induced asthma
- Weather; changes in temperature and/or humidity
- Medications, such as aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
There are two basic kinds of medication for treating asthma; “controller drugs” to prevent attacks and “quick-relief drugs” for use during attacks. The most common controller drugs are:
- Inhaled corticosteroids, which prevent symptoms by helping to keep your airways from swelling up.
- Long-acting beta-agonist inhalers also help prevent asthma symptoms.
Quick-relief drugs work fast to control asthma symptoms and include:
- Short-acting bronchodilators (inhalers)
- Oral steroids (corticosteroids) may be prescribed when you have an asthma attack that is not going away.
People who have a family history of asthma have an increased risk of developing the disease. However, anyone can develop asthma at any time, and adult-onset asthma happens frequently. If you have symptoms of asthma, talk to your doctor about treatment options. The goal of treatment is to avoid the substances that trigger your symptoms and control airway inflammation. You and your doctor should work together to develop and carry out a plan for eliminating asthma triggers and monitoring symptoms.
About Rx Outreach
Rx Outreach is a non-profit pharmacy whose mission is to provide affordable medications to people in need. Through Rx Outreach, patients have access to over 650 prescription medication strengths. Each year, we serve over 80,000 people across all fifty states, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam. | <urn:uuid:723c73ee-dfcd-4d82-acea-18502b971665> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://rxoutreach.org/education-asthma | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053657.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916145123-20210916175123-00685.warc.gz | en | 0.941903 | 794 | 4.125 | 4 |
Men cease to interest us when we find their limitations. The sin is limitations. As soon as you once come up to a mans limitations, it is all over with him.
Many people wonder about the trends of unethical conduct by todays leaders. Obviously, some executives and government officials have not upheld the standards of their positions by not stopping the unethical behavior among their peers.
If an observer was to review past leaders conduct, one would be able to appreciate the ethics involved for 21st century organizations. There are still problems to solve and challenges to discover. As people continue to be hired or elected in order to gain power for the wrong reasons, society will continue to see unethical conduct. However, people must expect high standards from todays leaders and never compromise their own principles in the process.
Organizations can be most effective when they build their organizations around shared values. However, leaders must buy-in and become value advocates. Leaders must model the way, and they must demand proper ethical behaviors from their peers. This can be clearly understood from a biblical context. 1 Corinthians 15:33 reads, Don’t fool yourselves. Bad friends will destroy you. People, especially leaders, need to pick their friends and associates carefully.
President Harry Truman said, Men make history, and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better.
Therefore, it is important that leaders align themselves with the right people.
Just as God provided Adam the instructions to lead humanity, leaders must provide a blueprint for greater ethical conduct for others. Therefore, this responsibility is in the hands of todays leaders hands.
Ciulla, J.B. (1998). Ethics: The Heart of Leadership. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Heuser, B. (2005). The Ethics of Social Cohesion. Peabody Journal of Education. 80(4), pp.8-15.
Kern, C. (2003). Creating and Sustaining an Ethical Workplace Culture, Pepperdine University.
King, S. (2006). The Moral Manager. Public Integrity. 8(2), pp.113-133.
© 2007 by Daryl D. Green | <urn:uuid:fac01549-22e3-4103-be29-367d5c1caec2> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://positivearticles.com/ethical-leadership-behavior-nu-leadership-series/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302723.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121040956-20220121070956-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.941817 | 473 | 2.53125 | 3 |
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