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We know from Dr. Angela Duckworth’s research that “grit” – passion and perseverance for long-term goals – can predict academic and personal success. If grittiness is more important than other personality traits and IQ in predicting success, and if, as Dr. Duckworth’s suggests, grit is malleable, then it seems useful to consider whether there are predictors of grit. If we knew what could predict grit, we might have more insights into how to cultivate it within our students.
So, what are the predictors of grit? Are there personal characteristics that influence how gritty a student is? To what extent does a student’s learning environment help students pursue long-term goals?
To answer this question, I collaborated with the national nonprofit YouthTruth to examine student perception data from 45,000 secondary students across 145 schools across the country. I wanted to know what we could learn from the students themselves about whether there are individual or environmental influences that can predict how gritty a student is. It turns out, there are.
Here’s what I learned:
- Students’ experience of their school environment is a significant predictor of grit.
- Of the school experience factors, student engagement matters most.
- Student-level demographics matter, but only a little.
I used data from YouthTruth’s Overall School Experience survey – a validated instrument that examines students’ experiences of their school’s climate. The four factors from the survey that were used in my analysis include student engagement, relationships with teachers, relationships with peers, and school culture. I also looked at student responses from YouthTruth’s Student Motivation & Grit module, which includes, with permission, Dr. Duckworth’s short eight-item grit scale. (To read my full methodology and results memo, click here).
- The school environment matters a lot. We know from previous research that students’ perceptions of their learning environment are linked to academic outcomes and that schools that focus on improving climate can help close the achievement gap. Do these schools also produce grittier students? My analyses indicate that students’ experiences in their school environment play a significant role in how focused and determined students feel. All four school experience factors – engagement, relationships with teachers, relationships with peers, and culture – were significantly related to grit.
- Student engagement matters the most. When examining the degree to which school experience factors relate to grit, we see that student engagement was most strongly correlated to grit. Students who perceive themselves as engaged with their school and their education are more likely to be gritty. Specifically, students who had higher levels of grit were more likely to feel a sense of pride in their school work, feel that their teachers helped them make connections between what they learn in class and life outside of school, and enjoyed coming to school most of the time. As educators consider ways to infuse social-emotional development into the classroom, these data suggest that a focus on understanding the broad school experience is a good place to start.
- Student-level demographics matter, but only a little. Ethnicity was the only statistically significant demographic predictor of grit, but the effect sizes (i.e., the magnitude of the differences in levels of grit between Black, Hispanic, and White students) were so small that it is probably not practically significant. Self-reported GPA was also a strong predictor. This is not surprising given that the inverse has been found (i.e., that grit is a strong predictor of GPA). This suggests that all students, regardless of their ethnicity, are equally likely to have high levels of grit. Based on these findings, I believe that schools should focus on the school-wide climate for all students, rather than specific student demographic subgroups when designing interventions to improve grit.
In the end
Students’ school environment plays an important role in fostering students’ levels of grit. As educators consider changes that can be made to improve students’ grittiness, we are wise to remember that adjustments to students’ learning environments are only important in the extent that they make a positive difference for students’ lived experiences. Two students at the same school could perceive the same school environment very differently, which according to these results would affect their levels of grit. Because these perceptual experience differences get to the heart of equity, we must make sure that all students are engaged and feel that they are in a school with healthy school climate if we are to see a future of strong, resilient and “gritty” leaders.
Dana Wanzer is an evaluation consultant specializing in programs serving children and youth. She holds a Master’s degree in Positive Developmental Psychology and is currently finishing her Doctoral degree in Evaluation and Applied Research Methods at Claremont Graduate University (CGU). Follow her on twitter @danawanzer. | <urn:uuid:37670080-2c1b-41b8-908c-8e75247671f5> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://youthtruthsurvey.org/predicting-grit-analysis-youthtruth-data-offers-surprising-insights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999261.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620145650-20190620171650-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.966908 | 994 | 3.140625 | 3 |
It all comes down to the HB graphite grading scale, which is used to categorize the graphite core of the pencil. The graphite core's hardness is commonly written on the pencil—look for a number (such as "2", "2-1/2", or "3"), and the higher the number, the harder the writing core and the lighter the imprint produced on the paper.
Number 2 pencils are most commonly made from grades 2 and 3 wood, while numbers 2-1/2 and 3 are typically made from grade 4 and 5 wood, respectively. This makes sense if you think about it: If you were to write with a number 2 pencil, you'd want something that was hard enough to do a job but not so hard that it would be difficult to erase. A grade 2 pencil will usually have a softwood core and a lead weight between 150 and 250 mg, while a grade 3 has a harder core and a heavier lead weight of approximately 300 to 400 mg.
Numbers up to 10 can be made from either grades 2 or 3 wood or both. Numbers 11 and 12 are only made from grade 4 wood, and 13 and up are only made from grade 5 wood. This is because as you go up in size, the amount of lead needed increases dramatically, so only larger cores are capable of holding such heavy loads. Also, as you go up in size, the quality of wood required to make the pencil decreases.
Let's take a closer look. The position of a pencil on the HB graphite grading scale is determined by the hardness of its graphite core. A hard lead will leave an indentation that is very close to being a circle; a soft lead will not even begin to fill in the hole you make with it.
A standard #2 pencil has a medium-hard lead that produces a hollow cone 10 millimeters in diameter at the top of your column of ink. A #4 pencil has a hard lead that leaves an indentation 6 millimeters deep; a #6 leads sink into the wood 3 millimeters deep.
A #2 pencil can be used to draw simple lines, while a #5 must be used when greater detail is required. A #00 must be used to mark holes when screwing things together.
The term "grade" refers to the size of the lead used to make the pencil. There are several grades of lead available, from the softest (#2) to the hardest (#0). Each grade has numbers indicating their hardness. A lower number means a softer lead, while a higher number means a harder one.
In addition to grade, there are also shades of brown or black lead, which determine the color of the lead itself.
It has to do with the "hardness" or "softness" of the graphite substance that is used to mark the paper. The greater the number, the harder and lighter the pencil markings left. A number 2 pencil is softer and blacker than a number 3 or 4 pencil.
The hardness of the lead inside the pencil can be changed by adding different types of wood or plastic to the inner case. This changes the weight of the pencil and also its writing quality. For example, a number 2 pencil might have polyvinyl acetate (PVA) plastic in the casing while a number 4 would use wood. Both types of pencil share the same ferrule at the other end which keeps the leads together on one piece of paper.
When you write with a pencil, carbon from the lead is transferred to the surface it is pressed against, leaving a clear line where the lead was pressed down. The type of lead used affects how much force is required to write with each stroke of the pen. Harder leads require more effort because enough pressure must be applied to the point of the pen to leave a visible mark on the page. Soft leads leave less of a mark because they require more pressure to make a complete circle around the tip of the pen.
Number grades of pencils are based on the hardness of their leads.
Today, however, most HB pencils are labeled with a number such as 2B, 4B, or 2H to denote the degree of hardness. A 4B, for example, is softer than a 2B, whereas a 3H is tougher than an H. Before the 1950s, there were only two types of pencils: 2B and 4B.
As far back as 1821, Charles Frederick Gunter invented the first successful hand-held mechanical pencil. It was called the "Gunter's Scale" because it included both hard and soft points on a single stick. The first known use of the term "hardness" when referring to pencils is in an advertisement in the September 1913 issue of Popular Science Monthly. At that time, the ad stated that "A No. 2 pencil can be used instead of a No. 5 ball point pen."
The first known use of the term "HB" as a designation for a type of pencil comes from an ad in the October 1920 issue of School Arts Magazine. At that time, the ad described these new pencils as having "a hard black lead wrapped around a soft white wood core."
By the 1930s, more than one manufacturer was making HB pencils. Each company may have been putting their own twist on the design, so today we would call them unique styles rather than specific brands. | <urn:uuid:fead6ddd-fc10-43c7-afdc-607165dae62a> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://authorscast.com/why-are-there-only-number-2-pencils | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710936.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203175958-20221203205958-00620.warc.gz | en | 0.966205 | 1,103 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Become a Radiographer, Nuclear Medicine Tech, or Nurse Power-Point: Careers in Healthcare
By: Harry H. Holdorf
1. What is Radiography?
- Radiography is the art and science of using radiation to provide images of tissues, organs, bones, and vessels of the human body.These images may be recorded on film or, more frequently now, displayed on a computer or video monitor.
- These images are what we commonly refer to as x-rays. In certain cases, a live motion picture film x-ray (fluoroscopy) is taken to demonstrate the function of a part, such as, the stomach filling and emptying .
- In another form of diagnostic radiography, we can create a 3-D image of a body part, such as the heart, and can then split the images into individual slices (Computed Tomography).
2. What is Nuclear Medicine Technology?
- It is a perfect blend of science and high end technology.
- Nuclear Medicine uses small amounts of radioactive material that are administered to the patient in order to evaluate the anatomy and functional status of various organs and tissues.
- The radioactive material is bound to a pharmaceutical that is selectively taken up by the tissue or organ of interest.
- Pictures are taken gamma camera.
- Planar and Tomography – 3D images are developed with the aid of computer software.
- Trained physician read the data to make the diagnosis for treatment.
- A Nuclear Medicine Technologist is an allied health professional who performs nuclear medicine studies, using radioisotopes, highly sophisticated computers and specialized gamma detectors, i.e. SPECT cameras and PET/CT scanners.
3. Career opportunities for Registered Nurses (RN):
- RN’s work in various specialties:
Cardiac Care, Critical Care, Emergency, Nursing, Maternal/Child, Medical, Surgical, Oncology, Operating Room, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Psychiatric, Radiology, Rehabilitation
- RN’s work in various places:
Hospitals, Outpatient, Industry, Camps, Community Health, Developmental Disability Centers, Schools, Hospices, Long term care, Military, Occupation Health, Higher Education | <urn:uuid:38f42110-1604-493d-bd09-d6f8bf75d99f> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://hholdorf.com/2014/12/28/careers-in-radiography-nuclear-medicine-nursing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825227.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022113105-20171022133105-00263.warc.gz | en | 0.881135 | 465 | 3.640625 | 4 |
For the Council of Europe, sport is a force for social integration, tolerance and understanding. As the single most popular activity in society today, sport plays a most distinctive role.
It is open to all, regardless of age, language, religion, culture or ability. Sport provides the opportunity to learn to play by commonly agreed rules, to behave with fairness in victory and in defeat, and to develop not only the physical being, but also social competences and ethical values. Its positive role in education is also increasingly acknowledged.
Sport brings a key contribution to the promotion of the core values of the Council of Europe: democracy, human rights and the rule of law. For its part, the Council of Europe acts firmly against some of the negative aspects of sport - violence and doping - through two conventions: the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches (ETS No. 120) and the Anti-Doping Convention (ETS No. 135).
Doping in sport is nothing new, but it has grown, expanded geographically and become more visible in recent decades. It is a true scourge for many competitive sports and jeopardises the health of millions of young athletes throughout the world. Doping is also cheating. It is contrary to the values of sport and the principles for which it stands: fair play, equal chances and loyal competition. Furthermore, doping damages the image of a clean and healthy sport amongst all age groups.
To better protect these values and principles and to actively fight against doping, the Council of Europe has prepared, since the 1960s, the ground for the Anti-Doping Convention. Several resolutions and recommendations led to the drafting of the final text of the Anti-Doping Convention. Opened for signature on 16 November 1989 in Strasbourg, the convention entered intoforce very rapidly on 1 March 1990. | <urn:uuid:778384f3-9e56-490e-a81f-24706a6bfc16> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.coe.int/en/web/sport/anti-doping | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711017.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205132617-20221205162617-00616.warc.gz | en | 0.945676 | 382 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The Most Glorious Qur'an is the last of the Holy Books to be revealed by the Almighty Creator of existence through His Holy Prophet to serve as a testament and guidance for all mankind. We see in history that this great revelation, through the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) took place gradually in a period of twenty-three years. The revealed holy verses exceeding 6,000 in their final arrangement of one hundred fourteen surahs (chapters) are the exact expression of the will of Allah uttered by His Holy Prophet.
As we know, the Holy Qur'an is the only Holy Book mankind has today which can still claim to be the exact and authentic expression of the norm and structure of a perfect life for social man as foreseen by Allah the Almighty, with His exact and encompassing knowledge of creation – a system of law and order through which a full fulfillment of life will be attainable for all.
The Holy Qur'an knows no limits in its capacity to bewilder and attract the mind of man except the limits imposed by the human mind itself, and it holds so much potential meaning and knowledge that each person according to his own capacity feels the limitlessness of this supernatural and holy record in expressing the meaning and philosophy of life . . ., so that, those sensitive to the social sciences not only find the most exact expression of the motivating forces of social history, but find the answers and the means of effecting social behaviour.
Through the study of the inerrable images of related historic facts, in the Holy Qur'an, the historian can study with a feeling of historic certainty and find the answers to the innumerable questions and doubts with which the limited knowledge of the realm of social sciences today most certainly still leave him.
The bewildered governor and legislator (though privately) aware of his hopelessly limited capacity to understand the frail and complicated structure of social man, not only finds the answer to his problems, but sees pictured the parts both he and his subjects might fruitfully and rewardingly play in the dramatic play of social life. For the political participator and leader torn apart by the strong contradictions between his political responsibilities and his self-consciousness of right and wrong, the unerring answers and solutions are given by the Holy Qur'an to national and international relationships and serves as a definite guide.
For those sensitive and responsible to human conduct and morals, the most beautiful expression and image of personal and social conduct are to be found; and lastly (though not of least importance) for all of us who just love to hear of the eternal struggle between the good and the evil, the beautiful and the ugly - the Holy Qur'an contains the most beautiful and dramatic of human episodes.
The Holy and most Glorious Qur'an, has been able to prove its status as an everlasting "Living Miracle" by remaining for all times the inerrable and unlimited source of human guidance to personal and social life. A feat it has attained by expressing its intentions through two types of verses with different literary addresses: the one direct and clearly understandable by all acquainted with the language even though of different scholastic standing "muhkamat ".
The other, the expression of the intended truth through such a structure of words as to keep it forever alive, the possibility of an ever growing meaning and a more complicated interpretation "mutashabihat" which may only be interpreted fully by the Living Imam (personage of Divine Guidance) to whom Islam has left the heavy and most necessary responsibility of correctly and fully interpreting the meaning of these holy verses according to the mental capacities and social needs of their own times.
A responsibility has been endowed by Allah the Almighty through the recorded speeches of the Holy Prophet, upon a determined line of personalities from the descendants of the Holy Prophet himself — Ahlul Bayt.
World Organization for Islamic Services,
(Board of Writing, Translation and Publication)
4th Muharram, 1392
20th February, 1972
Tehran — IRAN. | <urn:uuid:7bdb5348-81a8-4504-a2ae-d64b6ab82ec9> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.al-islam.org/tawhid-unity-god-holy-quran/introduction-holy-quran | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737883.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808135620-20200808165620-00527.warc.gz | en | 0.958978 | 821 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is an airborne instrument for obtaining multi-angle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne MISR instrument, which is designed to contribute to studies of the Earth's ecology and climate. AirMISR flies on the NASA-owned ER-2 aircraft. The instrument was built for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
AirMISR utilizes a single camera in a pivoting gimbal mount to obtain data in four spectral bands at nine viewing angles. A data run by the NASA ER-2 aircraft is divided into nine segments, each with the camera positioned to one of these angles. The nine angles are 0° or nadir, 26.1° fore and aft, 45.6° fore and aft, 60.0° fore and aft and 70.5° fore and aft. The center wavelength for the spectral bands are blue at 443 nanometers (nm), green at 555 nm, red at 670 nm and near-infrared at 865 nm.
Related Project: MISR | <urn:uuid:04081b1d-eb22-43df-87f0-d4ef7a7105d1> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/airmisr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867094.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525141236-20180525161236-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.921807 | 226 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Can Lung Cancer Be Found Early?
Usually symptoms of lung cancer don’t appear until the disease is already at an advanced, non-curable stage. Even if lung cancer does cause symptoms, many people may mistake them for other problems, such as an infection or long-term effects from smoking. This may delay the diagnosis.
Some lung cancers are found early by accident as a result of tests for other medical conditions. For example, lung cancer may be found by tests done for other reasons in people with heart disease, pneumonia, or other lung conditions. A small portion of these people do very well and may be cured of lung cancer.
Screening is the use of tests or exams to find a disease in people who don’t have symptoms. Doctors have looked for many years for a good screening test for lung cancer, but only in recent years has a study shown that a test known as a low-dose CT (LDCT) scan can help lower the risk of dying from this disease.
The National Lung Screening Trial
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was a large clinical trial that looked at using LD CT scan of the chest to screen for lung cancer. CT scans of the chest provide more detailed pictures than chest x-rays and are better at finding small abnormal areas in the lungs. (Both of these tests are discussed in more detail in Exams and tests to look for lung cancer.) Low-dose CT of the chest uses lower amounts of radiation than a standard chest CT and does not require the use of intravenous (IV) contrast dye.
The NLST compared LDCT of the chest to chest x-rays in people at high risk of lung cancer to see if these scans could help lower the risk of dying from lung cancer. The study included more than 50,000 people aged 55 to 74 who were current or former smokers and were in fairly good health. To be in the study, they had to have at least a 30 pack-year history of smoking. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Someone who smoked a pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years has a 30 pack-year smoking history, as does someone who smoked 2 packs a day for 15 years. Former smokers could enter the study if they had quit within the past 15 years. The study did not include people if they had a prior history of lung cancer or lung cancer symptoms, if they had part of a lung removed, if they needed to be on oxygen at home to help them breathe, or if they had other serious medical problems.
People in the study got either 3 LDCT scans or 3 chest x-rays, each a year apart, to look for abnormal areas in the lungs that might be cancer. After several years, the study found that people who got LDCT had a 20% lower chance of dying from lung cancer than those who got chest x-rays. They were also 7% less likely to die overall (from any cause) than those who got chest x-rays.
Screening with LDCT was also shown to have some downsides that need to be considered. One drawback of this test is that it also finds a lot of abnormalities that have to be checked out with more tests, but that turn out not to be cancer. (About 1 out of 4 CT scans in the NLST showed such a finding.) This may lead to additional tests such as other CT scans or more invasive tests such as needle biopsies or even surgery to remove a portion of lung in some people. These tests can sometimes lead to complications (like a collapsed lung) or rarely, death, even in people who do not have cancer (or who have very early stage cancer).
LDCTs also expose people to a small amount of radiation with each test. It is less than the dose from a standard CT, but it is more than the dose from a chest x-ray. Some people who are screened may end up needing more CT scans, which means more radiation exposure. When done in tens of thousands of people, this radiation may cause a few people to develop breast, lung, or thyroid cancers later on.
The NLST was a large study, but it left some questions that still need to be answered. For example, it’s not clear if screening with LDCT scans would have the same effect if different people were allowed in the study, such as those who smoke less (or not at all), or people younger than age 55 or older than 74. Also, in the NLST, patients got 3 scans over 2 years. It’s not yet clear what the effect would be if people were screened for longer than 2 years.
These factors, and others, need to be taken into account by people and their doctors who are considering whether or not screening with LDCT scans is right for them.
American Cancer Society guidelines for lung cancer screening
The American Cancer Society has thoroughly reviewed the subject of lung cancer screening and issued guidelines that are aimed at doctors and other health care providers:
Patients should be asked about their smoking history. Patients who meet ALL of the following criteria may be candidates for lung cancer screening:
- 55 to 74 years old
- In fairly good health (discussed further down)
- Have at least a 30 pack-year smoking history (discussed above)
- Are either still smoking or have quit smoking within the last 15 years
These criteria were based on what was used in the NLST.
Doctors should talk to these patients about the benefits, limitations, and potential harms of lung cancer screening. Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have a lot of experience using LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. The facility should also have a team of specialists that can provide the appropriate care and follow-up of patients with abnormal results on the scans.
If you fit all of the criteria listed above for lung cancer screening, you and your doctor (or other health care provider) should talk about screening, including possible benefits and harms, as well as the limitations of screening.
The main benefit is a lower chance of dying of lung cancer, which accounts for many deaths in current and former smokers. Still, it’s important to be aware that, like with any type of screening, not everyone who gets screened will benefit. Screening with LDCT will not find all lung cancers, and not all of the cancers that are found will be found early. Even if a cancer is found by screening, you may still die from lung cancer. Also, LDCT often finds things that turn out not to be cancer, but have to be checked out with more tests to know what they are. You might need more CT scans, or even invasive tests such as a lung biopsy, in which a piece of lung tissue is removed with a needle or during surgery. These tests have risks of their own (see above).
Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have a lot of experience in LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. The facility should also have a team of specialists that give patients the appropriate care and follow-up if there are abnormal results on the scans. You might not have the right kind of facility nearby, so you may need to travel some distance to be screened.
If you and your doctor decide that you should be screened, you should get a LDCT every year until you reach the age of 74, as long as you are still in good health.
If you smoke, you should get counseling about stopping. You should be told about your risk of lung cancer and referred to a smoking cessation program. Screening is not a good alternative to stopping smoking. For help quitting, see our Guide to Quitting Smoking or call the American Cancer Society at 1-800-227-2345.
What does “in fairly good health” mean?
Screening is meant to find cancer in people who do not have symptoms of the disease. People who already have symptoms that might be caused by lung cancer may need tests such as CT scans to find the underlying cause, which in some cases may be cancer. But this kind of testing is for diagnosis and is not the same as screening. Some of the possible symptoms of lung cancer that kept people out of the NLST were coughing up blood and weight loss without trying.
To get the most benefit from screening, patients need to be in good health. For example, they need to be able to have surgery and other treatments to try to cure lung cancer if it is found. Patients who need home oxygen therapy probably couldn’t withstand having part of a lung removed, and so are not candidates for screening. Patients with other serious medical problems that would shorten their lives or keep them from having surgery might not benefit enough from screening for it to be worth the risks, and so should also not be screened.
Metal implants in the chest (like pacemakers) or back (like rods in the spine) can interfere with x-rays and lead to poor quality CT images of the lungs. People with these types of implants were also kept out of the NLST, and so should not be screened with CT scans for lung cancer according to the ACS guidelines.
Costs of screening and insurance coverage
The cost for a low-dose CT scan as a screening test for lung cancer is generally about $300 for each test, but prices vary widely at different centers.
Under the Affordable Care Act, most private insurers must cover the cost of yearly lung cancer screening in people considered at high risk: aged 55 to 80, with a 30 pack-year history of smoking, and either a current smoker or quit within the last 15 years. Medicare also covers the cost of lung cancer screening in people considered at high risk, although the age range is slightly different (55 to 77 years).
If something abnormal is found during screening
About 1 out of 4 screening tests will show something abnormal in the lungs or nearby areas that might be cancer. Most of these abnormal findings will turn out not to be cancer, but more CT scans or other tests will be needed to be sure. Some of these tests are described in Exams and tests that look for lung cancer.
CT scans of the lungs can also sometimes show problems in other organs that just happen to be in the field of view of the scans. Your doctor will discuss any such findings with you if they are found.
Last Medical Review: February 18, 2016 Last Revised: February 22, 2016 | <urn:uuid:7fb8ccf4-141f-4446-b1c9-92fec69835ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/early-detection.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00379-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975284 | 2,160 | 3.1875 | 3 |
How to Prepare and Cut Fabric for Quilting
April 6, 2017 |
| Quilting How-To
Here Are Many Great Tips for Both New and Experienced Quilters!
Do you sometimes get Vs and Ws while cutting strips from folded fabric? Have you tried using starch to firm up washed fabric and run into problems? Are you simply unsure how to get the most accurate cuts? The following video will answer all those questions, and more.
Leah Day has put together an excellent video that covers all the steps from preparing fabric to cutting accurate pieces (her starching tips are genius!). She does a thorough job of covering every aspect and provides many tips to make the process go smoothly.
If you’re new to quilting you’ll love all the helpful pointers in this video. If you’re an experience quilter, chances are you’ll learn something new to make squaring up and cutting fabric easier.
PLEASE NOTE: Quilting Digest has featured many patterns from vendors participating in the Craftsy Marketplace, most of which have been deleted by Craftsy. It's going to take awhile for us to hunt down new sources for those patterns. In the meantime there are many links to patterns on our site that no longer work. We apologize if this article contains one or more of those links and appreciate your patience while we straighten things out. Thank you!
PLEASE NOTE: Quilting Digest does not sell or otherwise provide patterns directly. We showcase patterns and projects from various vendors, bloggers and other sources. Please make a note of where you access a pattern (the link in the yellow box toward the end of each Quilting Digest article). That way you can contact Support for that source if you have downloading problems or other issues. Thank you! | <urn:uuid:a7a9113f-61fc-4469-9df9-5850f9d6bc73> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://quiltingdigest.com/how-to-prepare-and-cut-fabric-for-quilting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574077.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20190920200607-20190920222607-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.938187 | 372 | 2.53125 | 3 |
With the industrial and scientific revolutions, we saw the rise of enormous bureaucracies collecting reliable numbers. For the first time in history, we could ask about the total production of silver in England and get a meaningful answer.
But data is rarely complete. We most often only have partial views. Thankfully clever people observed that it is generally unnecessary to do the full computation. From a small representative sample, you can almost always tell what the whole population looks like. To know the average height of the American, you do not need to collect the height of every single American… a few hundreds or thousands is enough… as long as they are representative.
So we went from a pre-industrial world where people rarely quantified anything, to a world where everything must be accounted for. When we can’t count, we sample and estimate with good margins of error. So far so good. But what to do with all these numbers? Well, we must do something, anything, and if it sounds impressive and reputable, all the better!
There is a deluge of research papers using fancy statistical tests. Among those are the p-value significant tests. Except that, hardly anybody knows what a p-value actually means. And does any of it help anyone?
Does steak cause cancer? Who knows? We have all these statistical “proofs” of contradictory results, all based on a glorious statistical analysis. Where is the evidence that it brings us closer to the truth?
Even the American Statistical Association says that p values cannot determine whether a hypothesis is true or whether results are important. (Baker, 2016) And the famous statistician Andrew Gelman goes further: the problems are deeper, and the solution is not to reform p-values or to replace them with some other statistical summary or threshold.
Why do people go on? Is it because it brings an air of respectability to the whole process?
Meanwhile, silly computer scientists actually do separate spam from real emails. We really do defeat human beings at Chess and Go. We really do figure out whether your credit card purchase was a fraud or not.
The end-game for computer scientists is to match and surpass the human mind in its ability to process information. The end game for medical researchers is to keep us all perfectly healthy. What is the end-game for statistics? Do statisticians bring us ever closer to the statistical truth or do they expect us to churn out an ever greater number of p-values each year?
Like librarians and journalists, statisticians are ripe for disruption. There is a new discipline called “data science”. Ironically, it was founded by statisticians in 2001, shortly before the human genome project was completed (2003). If you look around, you will find many young (and not-so-young) people calling themselves data scientists.
They all exploit data, they all make it speak, they all try to bring out value from data. But how many of them are statistics college major do you think?
Software ate libraries and newspapers and it is now eating statistics. | <urn:uuid:1e23d99d-38e8-42a4-bde4-d476d5d105ca> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://lemire.me/blog/2016/03/03/statistics-is-overrated-the-rise-of-data-science/?replytocom=255027 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540569332.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20191213230200-20191214014200-00095.warc.gz | en | 0.943968 | 627 | 2.703125 | 3 |
There are few career paths with more stability than that of a project manager. In the opinion of many top employers, project management skills even trump tech skills when it comes to the ability to place individuals as well as the longevity of employment. Technological skills can quickly become obsolete, but project management skills are evergreen – best practices may change but the fundamentals of project management remain the same. There is also a defined training a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) route for professional project managers right from the basic levels such as the APM Project Fundamentals qualification right up to highly advanced accreditation such as the APM Registered Project Professional APM RPP. The ability to manage to completion a series of complex, inter-dependent tasks will always be an employable skill.
1 – Organization and multitasking
In order to be an effective project manager, you must learn how to lead many tasks at once. You should be a big picture thinker who understands how the smaller compartmentalized parts of a project fit together. People are much more likely to become energized when they understand exactly why they are doing what they are doing.
2 – Leadership skills
Believe it or not, leadership can be learned: Project managers are not born; they are made.
Team members are always looking for a leader; this is the nature of groups. As project manager, you are helping to take the load of leadership off of the more technically minded individuals in a project. They will look to you for the complete picture.
3 – Communication skills
In order to create synergy between employees of different disciplines, you must be able to speak the language of everyone who is involved with a project. Although everyone may be speaking English, the marketing department speaks in an entirely different lingo from the IT department. Left to their own devices, they will misunderstand each other at every turn, cutting down on the efficiency of the project.
4 – Learn when to negotiate
There are times to negotiate and times not to. Project managers must understand when to stand firm and when to give a little.
5 – Details, details, details
Although a project manager will be a big picture thinker, he or she must also be well in tune with the details of a project from all angles. Part of being able to communicate with employees from all departments is having a basic knowledge of their disciplines. The best way to learn this is to become as intimately involved as possible in the details of each department.
6 – Becoming a timely problem solver
Not only does a project manager have to solve problems, but he or she has to solve problems within the time schedule that the project allows for. Because the project manager will usually be the one who sets up the flowchart for the project, he or she will certainly be the most knowledgeable when it comes to the timeframe in which certain bottlenecks must be taken care of.
7 – Tech skills
A project manager must be ready to fill in for any department, kind of like an understudy. This means learning basic technical skills.
If being a project manager sounds like the career for you, then you owe it to yourself to consider the courses that are offered by Parallel Project Training. Parallel Project Training can give you the skill set that you will need to leverage your way into the company of your choice. People with the organizational and technical skills that you will have upon graduation are in short order and high demand by the best businesses in the world, and you will have the tools that you need to thrive within that environment.
The Parallel Project Training program is an APM accredited project management training company which keeps up with the latest skill sets and technologies that are relevant to employers in the modern business landscape. | <urn:uuid:ea61c781-3d8f-45ac-9a3d-2ed327bdb628> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | http://www.apmprojectmanagementtraining.com/the-basics-of-project-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540510336.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20191208122818-20191208150818-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.963378 | 751 | 2.625 | 3 |
In traditional Judaism, the 'Geulah' is the time of Redemption brought by Mashiach (Messiah), when the world will be filled with the knowledge of God as the waters cover the ocean bed.
It is said that when Messiah ushers in the Geulah, everywhere you look you will see God's holiness.
“Cry loudly, do not hold back;
Raise your voice like a trumpet,
And declare to My people their transgression
And to the house of Jacob their sins."
God our Savior, who wants all people to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth. For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus / Yeshua ha'Mashiach, who gave himself as a ransom for all people.
– 1 Timothy 2:3-5
Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, begins in the evening of Wednesday, September 24 2014 and ends in the evening of Friday, September 26 2014.
The Biblical name for this holiday is called Yom Teruah (In Hebrew, literally "day of shouting/raising a noise") or the Feast of Trumpets.
On High Holy Days the Jews read from an orthodox machzor or Prayer Book.
There is a very interesting prayer that mentions the name of a high priest, or kohen gadol, which appears in various older machzors, going back over 100 years…His name is Yeshua. Read More
Where does the name ‘Yeshua’ come from?
Don’t most people call him ‘Jesus’? The name Yeshua is a shortened version of the name Yehoshua or Joshua and is the literal Hebrew word for Salvation. Around the time of Jesus’ birth, the names ‘Yeshu’ and ‘Yeshua’ were not uncommon. Reading right to left, the Hebrew letters which spell Yeshua are Yod, Shin, Vav, Ayin. Read More
The Lamb of God was predicted in the Old Testament, from the very first lamb that was slain.
From the time in Genesis 3 when Adam and Eve first sinned, their sin needed to be atoned for.
The wages of sin is death. God, in his gracious love chose an innocent animal to atone for their sin by shedding it’s blood.
The animal whose skin was used to cover their nakedness may even have been a lamb. God may even have sacrificed the animal in front of Adam and Eve. | <urn:uuid:b5c65524-bba2-4ef1-9140-ef60f9945717> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://yeshua.org/category/jewish-scriptures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496671260.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122115908-20191122143908-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.945193 | 530 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Compensation law refers to compensation disputes arising from unjust acts or any other reason.In general, there are two types of compensation cases: “pecuniary compensation case” and “moral compensation case”.Material and non-pecuniary damages; It is a kind of case that solves disputes arising from completely different legal reasons such as breach of contract arising from the law of obligations, injury or death as a result of traffic accident, death as a result of malpractice, injury or death as a result of work accident, committing a crime, divorce.
Compensation law cases can be listed as follows:
1-Compensation due to occupational disease
Employees do the same job for a long time.After a certain time, they may become ill because of their work.The worker who is caught in the occupational disease has the right to demand financial and moral compensation.Compensation may be obtained if it is available under the conditions specified in the law.
2-)Doctor Malpractice Compensation
It can be defined as the harm of the patient as a result of misdiagnosis, wrong treatment or incomplete care due to the lack of knowledge, inexperience or indifference of health institutions.
In this case, there is also the right to pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages.
3-)Work Accident Compensation Case
Work accident compensation case; It is a kind of material and non-pecuniary damages lawsuit filed by a responsible employer to pay compensation to him or his relatives in case an employer is injured or killed in the workplace due to the work relationship of the worker.
In other words, if you work in a workplace and are damaged by the employer’s negligence, you are entitled to pecuniary and non-pecuniary compensation.
4-)A Compensation Case Due To A Traffic Accident
There must be at least one motor vehicle in the compensation case for a traffic accident.The motor vehicle is entitled to compensation if it has caused injury, bodily harm or death, or if it has damaged someone else’s house, car or land etc.
The person who is damaged due to traffic accident has a 2-year statute of limitations,starting from the date he learned the damage and the perpetrator. Even if the offender learns the perpetrator and the damage later, in any case, there is a 10-year statute of limitations from the initiate of the act.(We do not go into details because we provide summary information here.)
We have only specified specific compensation cases here. Other types of compensation are also available.
We, as a law firm, offer professional services in the field of compensation law. | <urn:uuid:62670cdf-7fcf-4390-afc6-bd53e097fdff> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://enesnergizlawyer.com/compensation-law/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350846.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225065836-20210225095836-00620.warc.gz | en | 0.946056 | 542 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Dec. 20, 1836: President Andrew Jackson submitted an Indian treaty to Congress. It aimed to remove tribes west of the Missouri from their ancestral homelands so white Americans could resettle on those lands. Jackson's policies towards Indians reflected a broader view that Indians were inferior to whites and stood in the way of progress. Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1838 resulted in the Cherokee tribe being marched at gunpoint from Georgia to barren lands in Oklahoma. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on this forced march, known today as the "Trail of Tears."
Dec. 20, 1989: President Bush ordered "Operation Just Cause" — an invasion of Panama. He said it was necessary to safeguard U.S. lives, combat drug trafficking and protect the critical Panama Canal. The U.S. invasion — using 28,000 troops and 300 aircraft — resulted in the overthrow of Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. 23 Americans were killed and 325 wounded.
Quote of the Day
"The American people are entitled to see the president and to hear his views directly, and not to see him only through the press." — Richard M. Nixon
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Subscribe to the Week | <urn:uuid:c888c6aa-1c5e-4291-94f1-cfd9cc3f8ab4> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://theweek.com/article/index/254469/today-in-history-december-20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00199-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943294 | 407 | 3.4375 | 3 |
What is WWW? World Wide Web
These days it’s far not possible to even imagine a world without the net and all of us are acquainted with the cause for the same. The internet has made matters feasible for human beings in numerous aspects because it gives offerings like online gaming, net telephony, electronic mail, and so forth.
A lot of people are confused that the WWW (World Wide Web) and Internet are the same things. Although they are closely linked they are very different systems. In this article we are going to learn about WWW, working, and how it is different from the internet.
What is WWW?
WWW, which stands for World Wide Web, is a subset of the internet. It is also known as W3 or web. WWW refers to all the web pages or online content that is available on the internet in HTML formatted manner. The web pages and documents available on the internet are connected via hyperlinks.
The information available on the web pages can be of various formats consisting of text, image, audio, and video. The WWW or World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (European library for Nuclear Research) in 1989.
Working On the World Wide Web
WWW is a set of websites linked on the internet that is used for sharing and searching for information. WWW is based on the client-server approach. The main technologies consisting of the world wide web are Web browsers, HTML, and HTTP.
With the help of a Web browser, users can access a web page by simply entering a URL in the address bar of the Web browser. Here the Web browser acts as a client requesting documents or files from the server.
The Web Pages are created with the help of HTML which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It determines the structure of web pages with the help of various tags i.e. ‘heading’, ‘paragraph’, ‘table’ etc, and elements.
HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. It acts as the foundation of the world wide web and defines the communication between browsers and servers. It is an application layer protocol describing the format and action of the messages on the webserver to which the browser acts as a client responds.
Features of the WWW
- World Wide Web is cross-platform.
- With the help of a web browser, a lot of different services on the web can use a single medium.
- WWW is open-source and distributed.
Difference between Internet and WWW
- WWW is more software-based whereas the Internet is primarily based on hardware.
- The World Wide Web uses HyperText Transfer Protocol whereas the Internet uses Internet Protocol.
- WWW is responsible for connecting various data with the help of an electronic connection whereas the Internet connects various devices.
- WWW uses a URL to locate or identify a specific web page or document whereas the internet uses the IP address for the identification of the client.
Hence, from this article, we can conclude that via the net www is accessed which displays pages on the screen of the device within an international vicinity. So, we can say, the net connects devices even as the web connects human beings. | <urn:uuid:792781cd-5659-4fbd-8eb1-338fd47f23b9> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://atesting.ru/what-is-www-world-wide-web/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473518.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221134259-20240221164259-00141.warc.gz | en | 0.884166 | 668 | 3.96875 | 4 |
Today we’re diving into the meaning of Binge Eating Disorder including symptoms, signs, side effects, statistics and treatment to help you or a loved one get the help needed…
What Is Binge Eating Disorder?
Binge Eating Disorder (also known as compulsive eating) is an illness that affects millions of people and can have a devastating effect on the sufferer’s physical and emotional wellbeing.
Sufferers of this disorder have a compulsive relationship with food that includes periods of overeating or bingeing followed by feelings of guilt, shame and despair.
“Binge eating disorder involves regularly eating large portions of food all at once until you feel uncomfortably full, and then often upset or guilty.” – NHS
If you suffer from this you are probably desperate to know how to stop your compulsive eating, but may just think you are ‘greedy‘ or lack willpower.
You may not realise that you have a recognised eating disorder for which you need to seek treatment or therapy.
Why Do People Suffer From Binge Eating Disorder?
Like all eating disorders, Binge Eating Disorder emerges as a way of trying to cope with emotions.
Sufferers of Binge Eating Disorder are usually people who have poor self-esteem and feelings of self-loathing. Eating disorders often affect high achieving individuals who become obsessed with achieving perfection. It may arise if there is a history of eating disorders or addiction in your family, you have been criticised about your weight, size or shape, or you have suffered trauma.
How Can We Help You Beat Binge Eating Disorder?
We can help you or your loved one to beat eating disorders. Whether you think that you are suffering from food addiction, comfort eating, binge eating or compulsive overeating, we will assess your needs and make sure that you receive the support and treatment to help you overcome your eating disorder.
Resolving the root causes of the eating disorder is the key to recovery so we created a much more holistic program for our clients – including creative therapies, meditation, a chance to explore spirituality (whatever that might mean for you), alongside advice on nutrition, and the physical assessments which allow us to tailor our treatment to you.
We work with you to find solutions for healing – we don’t believe in trying to drag anyone through recovery. We have the most wonderful team of women who combine both clinical skill and deep levels of compassion and kindness.
Binge Eating Disorder Treatment
We always treat every client as an individual so the treatment we recommend will depend on your particular needs, but it could include referral to a residential clinic, outpatient treatment with our counselling team, or one-to-one therapy.
As part of your treatment, you would usually come along to one of our Food Groups – these are very much social occasions where we help you heal your relationship with food in a gentle way.
What Are The Symptoms Of Binge Eating Disorder?
The symptoms might be hard to hide but too often people don’t recognise them as symptoms of an eating disorder, and so dismiss them. Take a look at the warning signs below.
Behavioural Symptoms Of Binge Eating:
- Buying lots of food
- Eating large amounts of food in one go
- Eating rapidly during binge episodes
- Hiding food and storing up supplies of food
- Hiding empty food wrappers and containers
- Eating when not hungry
- Preoccupation with weight and size
- Obsession with appearance/body shape
- Eating very little in front of other people
- Eating alone
- Guilt, secrecy, shame
- Having mood swings
- Eating until uncomfortably full
- Alcohol/drug abuse
- Agoraphobia (not wanting to leave the house)
Physical Symptoms Of Binge Eating:
- Weight Fluctuation
- Tiredness – difficulty sleeping
- Stomach pain/other stomach problems
- Cold sores
- Bad complexion
Am I A Binge Eater?
- think about food most of the time?
- plan to binge in secret?
- use food to escape your worries?
- feel your weight has an impact on the rest of your life?
- have low confidence and self-esteem?
- try countless diets with little or no success?
- feel guilty and shameful after overeating?
- have intense cravings for sugar?
- receive treatment for obesity or a food-related condition?
- feel unhappy about your behaviour around food or does it make those you love unhappy?
If your answer to any of these questions is ‘yes’ then you may have a problem with binge eating or compulsive overeating.
What Are The Side Effects Of Binge Eating Disorder?
This is a summary of the side effects of Binge Eating. They are very similar to the side effects of Bulimia.
Medical Side Effects Of Binge Eating
- High blood pressure
- Gastric rupture (the stomach can tear)
- Cardiovascular disease (heart palpitations)
- Type 2 Diabetes
- High cholesterol
- Heart disease
- Sleep Apnoea
- Bowel problems (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
- Gallbladder disease
- Gastrointestinal difficulties
- Joint and back pain
- Difficulty conceiving and infertility
Statistics About Binge Eating
- 1 in 5 women report symptoms of binge overeating at some point in their lives
- 40% of people with binge overeating are male
- Men and women of any age can get binge eating disorder, but it typically starts in the late teens or early 20s [Source: NHS]
Don’t Suffer In Silence
Call our team today for help and advice on 0845 603 6530 or fill in our short contact form.
Photo by Charles Deluvio 🇵🇭🇨🇦 on Unsplash | <urn:uuid:581cf6c3-b8de-4d5b-bd5f-c9c3580ed93d> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.therecoverclinic.co.uk/binge-eating-disorder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573124.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917223332-20190918005332-00455.warc.gz | en | 0.946633 | 1,222 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The U.S. economy is teetering on the edge of a cliff. The federal government's mounting debt combined with slow economic growth and exploding entitlement spending all but guarantee a recession is in our near future.
That isn't necessarily a bad thing. Recessions are part of the natural economic cycle. In the best-case scenario, they restore balance to an economy by "cleansing out the misuses of labor and capital," says John Tamny, senior fellow in economics at Reason Foundation. "Recessions, while painful, are the happy sign that growth is on the way."
Unfortunately, the upsides of recessions can be wiped out by bad government policies that prevent the economy from making needed adjustments. What's more, many policies aimed at "moderating" recessions can lead to excesses in the economy that make the next downturn even worse. Instead of redirecting resources to more efficient uses, these measures often cause a doubling down of investment into wasteful endeavors that produce little in the way of surplus for society.
Writing for The New York Times in December 2008, George Mason University economist Tyler Cowen explained how the 1998 bailout of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund, harkened the Great Recession of 2007–09. It's true that move prevented large disruptions in capital markets that would have made the situation more painful for some in the late '90s. However, Cowen wrote, "with the Long-Term Capital bailout as a precedent, creditors came to believe that their loans to unsound financial institutions would be made good by the Fed—as long as the collapse of those institutions would threaten the global credit system. Bolstered by this sense of security, bad loans mushroomed."
Government produced a sense of immunity for many in the financial sector, thus contributing to the biggest financial crisis since the 1930s. And this is but one example of government interventions that are aimed at helping ease economic problems in the near term but get in the way of necessary reallocations of resources and set the economy up for even bigger problems in the future.
Thankfully, there are things that can be done to help us better weather the next economic downturn and achieve faster growth in its aftermath. For starters, we should be working to restore flexibility in the economy, reduce uncertainty, and bring down our public debt.
Greater flexibility in prices, wages, and the ability to hire and fire or start and dissolve businesses means an economy better able to avoid (or at least minimize) the consequences of a recession. Minimum wage laws and long-term unemployment benefits, while well-intentioned, actually make the labor market less flexible and slow down the recovery.
Similarly well-intentioned policies that try to stop prices from falling simply shift the correction to the "quantity" side from the "price" side, which often creates more dramatic consequences. Imagine what would have happened if the feds during the Great Recession had banned people from selling their homes for less than they paid for them. The answer is clear: Demand for houses would have plummeted; no one wants to buy something that costs more than it's worth. Taking a loss on real estate is no fun, of course, but not being able to get out of a bad investment is far worse. Sometimes, prices need to come down in order to give everyone a fresh start.
Besides allowing prices to adjust organically, the government must learn to stop injecting uncertainty into the economy. Bob Higgs, a senior fellow in political economy at the Independent Institute, has shown that "regime uncertainty"—which happens when there's a widespread inability to form confident expectations about how private property rights will be treated in the future—dampens investment. When people think government officials might decide to seize what they have, they generally choose to remain on the sidelines, hoarding their wealth, putting it only in low-risk, low-return, short-term investments, or consuming it now when they know they can. But during a recession, less investment translates into less recovery.
What can be done to end regime uncertainty? "As long as the rulers possess great discretionary power, the peasants will be subject to all the uncertainties created by the vagaries of the rulers' exertion of their power," Higgs says. "A long season of 'do-nothing' government would help a great deal."
Uncertainty is also created by regulation. Take Dodd-Frank, the most significant reform to U.S. financial regulations in over 70 years, which was enacted in the aftermath of the last decade's crisis. Although the law has been on the books since 2010, the federal agencies are nowhere near finished writing all the rules associated with the legislation. The sheer vagueness of the situation forces U.S. businesses to spend even more time and money trying to figure out how on Earth to stay in compliance. The enormous uncertainty that this law created has paralyzed entrepreneurship and job creation, exacerbating the very crisis it was aimed at addressing.
Uncertainty is also created by central banks' ad hoc and discretionary policies. The Federal Reserve's repeated attempts to offset consumers' desire to hold on to their money rather than spend it have created major distortions to the capital markets. This imposes serious costs on the economy. Economists, including the Mercatus Center's Scott Sumner, argue that if the government adopted a credible, rules-based monetary policy—promising to raise interest rates by a set amount, no matter what, as inflation increases, for example—it would send a clear signal that would reduce uncertainty and weaken the risk of recessions.
But the truth is that there isn't much the Fed could or should do to fight recessions in the first place. If there is such a thing as a monetary policy that will stimulate growth, the Reason Foundation's Tamny argues "it will come from the U.S. Treasury publicly endorsing a strong and stable dollar." He thinks this will cause a surge in investments into the U.S. from around the world.
Ultimately, though, the most important thing we can do to keep the next recession from wreaking catastrophic damage is to reduce the national debt. According to the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, the total public debt is currently above 105 percent of America's gross domestic product. To state that more clearly, the government owes more in bills it can't pay than our entire economy will produce this year. That is a problem, because too much debt makes it hard to respond to emergencies when they do arise.
The way forward is clear: Economists don't agree on much, but the scholarly literature consistently finds that spending cuts are more likely than tax increases to lead to lasting debt reduction. A common worry is that cutting expenditures might reduce overall demand for goods and services and thrust us into an economic slump. But as Harvard economist Alberto Alesina has pointed out, reducing spending is more likely to be associated with economic expansions than recessions. This makes intuitive sense: Fiscal adjustments based on spending cuts demonstrate that a country is serious about getting its house in order. That's an important signal when the economy is strong and an even more important one when it's weak. Higher taxes, on the other hand, nearly always get eaten up through more new spending and do nothing to combat the underlying problem of America's indebtedness.
No amount of fiddling with economic policy can eliminate the possibility of future recessions. The important thing is reacting to them in ways that make us stronger on the other side. | <urn:uuid:d4f3953b-72da-48e0-bc8d-7707b6c95e35> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://reason.com/2016/09/07/making-the-most-of-the-next-re/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506832.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116165621-20210116195621-00034.warc.gz | en | 0.966078 | 1,521 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Canadians in Imperial Air Forces
The airmen would not be assembled in Canadian flights or in a national air corps, and they would not be commanded by their own officers. In short, the conditions that underlay Canadian national pride in the army did not exist for the air corps: These were colonial recruits in an imperial force.
Although thousands of Canadians had served in the British air force, no Canadian would rise above the rank of group captain (colonel). These men, who would form the basis of the Royal Canadian Air Force, were deployed everywhere. On the Franco-Belgian front and in Britain they faced off against the best of Germany's aircraft and pilots. They could also be found in less active air sectors: in Italy, in Macedonia where the Bulgarians and Turks were the main enemies, in Egypt and, later, in Russia. Some great names stand out: Billy Bishop, A.A. McLeod and Billy Barker would each earn a Victoria Cross. Raymond Collishaw recorded 66 kills and D.R. MacLaren 54 in just eight months of fighting. The 10 top aces of all the belligerent nations would include four Canadians: Bishop, Barker, Collishaw and MacLaren.
- Date modified: | <urn:uuid:45b1a051-c1e5-40b0-8bb9-f171b4cfaa09> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://cmhg-phmc.forces.gc.ca/cmh-pmc/page-643-eng.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143635.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218055414-20200218085414-00256.warc.gz | en | 0.969978 | 253 | 3.328125 | 3 |
After corona, fear of virus spread in China, death of one person, what are the symptoms Third party image reference The way corono
After corona, fear of virus spread in China, death of one person, what are the symptoms
The way coronovirus outbreaks have rocked the world, meanwhile, other diseases are also making their presence. Cases of swine flu and bird flu have already been reported in India and other countries. Now, a person from China has tested positive for hantavirus.
China’s Global Times tweeted that a person from Yunnan province died on Monday while returning to Shandong province to work in a bus. 32 other people on the bus were also tested for the virus.
What exactly is hantavirus?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hantaviruses are a family of viruses that are mainly spread by rodents and can cause various diseases in people.
It can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and renal syndrome (HFRS) with hemorrhagic fever.
The disease is not airborne and can only spread to people if they are exposed to urine, feces, and saliva of rodents from an infected host.
Symptoms of hantavirus
Initial symptoms of HPS include fatigue, fever and muscle aches as well as headaches, dizziness, chills, and stomach problems. If left untreated, it can cause coughing and shortness of breath and, according to the CDC, can be fatal with a mortality rate of 38 percent.
While the initial symptoms of HFRS remain the same, it can cause low blood pressure, acute stroke, vascular leakage and acute renal failure.
HPS cannot be transmitted from one person to another, whereas HFRS transmission among people is extremely rare.
According to the CDC, rodent population control is the primary strategy to prevent hantavirus infection. | <urn:uuid:6ef1d8a7-5c53-4367-a373-324d3b5d9ca5> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://apnapunjab.in/after-corona-fear-of-virus-spread-in-china-death-of-one-person-what-are-the-symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738878.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812053726-20200812083726-00047.warc.gz | en | 0.943117 | 390 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Saint Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch
October 17 – St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, surnamed Theophorus from Greek Θεοφόρος, which in Greek means “God-Bearer,” (ca. 35 or 50-between 98 and 117), was probably a convert and disciple of St. John the Evangelist. We know nothing of his early life. The fourth-century Church historian, Eusebius, says that the Apostles Peter and Paul, who planted the faith in Antioch, left directions that Ignatius should succeed Evodius as bishop of that city; he states further that Ignatius retained the office for forty years, proving himself in every way an exemplary pastor. During the persecution of the emperor Domitian, whose reign covered the period of 81 to 96, Ignatius kept up the courage of his flock by daily preaching, by prayer and fasting. Taken to Rome, he was sentenced to die in the Colosseum, to be eaten by lions.
Image: Dressed in liturgical vestments, the saint holds a Gospel book in his hand. 10th century. Anonymous (Byzantine Empire) (Walters Art Museum: Home page Info about artwork) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons | <urn:uuid:fc29c4c7-c609-4671-a557-7d7b3a1e240d> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.staugustineshouse.org/2016/10/17/saint-ignatius-bishop-of-antioch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347410284.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530165307-20200530195307-00299.warc.gz | en | 0.959845 | 267 | 3 | 3 |
A partial colectomy is the surgical removal of a section of the colon. This surgery is used to treat a number of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, bowel obstruction and bowel perforation, according to MayoClinic.com. Partial colectomy is an invasive procedure and comes with a number of complications.
Early complications are complications that occur within 30 days of surgery. According to a 2008 study published in the "American Journal of Gastroenterology," the most common early complications of partial colectomy are abscess, infection and fistulas. Roughly one in every four patients undergoing partial colectomy will suffer from early complications, according to a 2009 review published in "Genetics in Medicine."
Late complications are complications that occur after 30 days, but within six months of colectomy. According to a study published in the "American Journal of Gastroenterology", the most common late complications are small bowel obstruction, urosepsis, pneumonia and bacteremia. Late complications occur in roughly half of patients undergoing partial colectomy.
According to a review published in the journal "Genetics in Medicine," partial colectomy has an overall 30-day mortality rate of 0.9 percent. This means that one in every 111 patients will die due to complications related to partial colectomy.
According to the Mayo Clinic, other complications of partial colectomy include bleeding, injury to nearby organs, and blood clots in the lung and the legs. | <urn:uuid:9967c2b5-f312-443b-8890-c7957db9e927> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.livestrong.com/article/70868-side-effects-partial-colectomy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128322870.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628050821-20170628070821-00561.warc.gz | en | 0.943224 | 310 | 2.921875 | 3 |
While AT&T, Comcast, and Verizon have argued—with incredible message discipline—that network neutrality is “a solution in search of a problem,” that’s not true.
There are many concrete examples of network neutrality violations around the world. These network neutrality violations include ISPs blocking websites and applications, ISPs discriminating in favor of some applications and against others, and ISPs charging arbitrary tolls on technology companies.
We have seen network neutrality violations all over the world.
Even in the U.S., there have been some major violations by small and large ISPs. These include:
- The largest ISP, Comcast secretly interfering with peer-to-peer technologies, including some of the most popular basic technologies used to distribute online TV and music (2005-2008);
- A small telephone ISP called Madison River blocking Vonage, a company providing competing telephone service online (2005);
- Apple blocking the application Skype on the iPhone, subject to a secret contract with AT&T, a company that competes with Skype in providing telephone service (2008-2009);
- Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile blocking the functionality of Google Wallet on Nexus devices, while all three of those ISPs are part of a competing mobile payments joint venture called Isis (late 2011-today);
- and Comcast’s disputes with Level 3 and Netflix over termination fees and the appearance that Comcast is deliberately congesting its network connections to force Netflix to pay Comcast for an acceptable connection (2010-today).
In other countries, including democracies, there are numerous violations. In Canada, rather than seeking a judicial injunction, a telephone ISP used its control of the wires to block the website of a union member during a strike against that very company in July 2005. In the Netherlands, in 2011, the dominant ISP expressed interest in blocking against U.S.-based Whatsapp and Skype.
In the European Union, widespread violations affect at least 1 in 5 users. That is the conclusion of a report issued in June of 2012 by the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC), a body composed of the regulatory agencies of each EU country. Most of these restrictions were on online phone services, peer-to-peer technologies (which are used not only by copyright pirates, but also in a variety of well-known technologies, including Skype and several Amazon cloud services), as well as other specific applications “such as gaming, streaming, e-mail or instant messaging service.”
ISPs block and discriminate against applications and websites even in countries that require disclosure of the violations and even in countries with far more competition among ISPs than the US. A recent Oxford dissertation on the topic explores the wide-scale blocking and discrimination in the United Kingdom, a market with both considerable competition among ISPs and robust disclosure laws.
Essentially, a specific rule that would be upheld in court is necessary protect network neutrality and address a major, global problem.
* Footnote: Thanks to Stanford professor Barbara van Schewick, whose recent letter to the FCC inspired my thinking in this post. | <urn:uuid:6e005d18-3d3b-4b83-8363-167362a08bf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://ammori.org/2014/04/16/net-neutrality-a-solution-to-an-existing-global-problem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662539101.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521112022-20220521142022-00705.warc.gz | en | 0.951001 | 625 | 2.828125 | 3 |
What do Flamingos Eat?
Flamingos are filter feeders which means they take in water and food, and then the water is expelled from the body. You will notice that they feature a beak with a unique design. It allows them to easily consume the foods found in their diet. This includes crustaceans, mollusks, seeds, insects, various types of algae found in water, and even diatoms.
Different species of Flamingos feature different styles of beaks too so that influences what that particular species is going to eat. This is why you will find various Flamingo species in different habitats. The food supply there has to be something that they will easily be able to consume.
To get the food available to them, you will see the Flamingos stopping their feet in the mud. This helps to stir up the food sources and bring them to the surface of the water. What is interesting is how they lower their head upside down into the water to consume food. They move their head back and forth from side to side. This process allows them to collect the mixture of water and food.
Flamingos breathe in air, so they have to hold their breath while they are under the water looking for food. They are able to do so for several minutes at a time before they come back up for a quick breath and then start the process over and over. The process occurs fast though so you many not even realize that they have taken a breath.
They have a tongue that is really interesting how it works. Many researchers have compared it a piston on a vehicle. The tongue allows the food and water to be taken in so that the filtering system can do its job. Since Flamingos don’t dive for food, they do need this action to help them.
Due to the long length of their legs though, they can move into the deeper waters to find food. Most of the time they will be found on the shores though of the water. When they are in the deeper areas it can indicate that there is a lack of food for the entire colony to adequately survive on.
However, they are able to fly for hundreds of miles a day in search of food if they need to without any problems. This is one of the known survival skills of Flamingos that allows them to evolve and to adapt to new environments around them.
Flamingos don’t get the water their bodies need from their food though like many animals. Instead they also need to consume large quantities of fresh water daily. Many of the areas where they live contain large amounts of salt in the water though. They may need to fly to find fresh water. They have salt glands in their nostrils that allows them to remove the excess for their bodies.
The diet for Flamingos in captivity is very different but it still offers them the nutrition that they need to thrive. They are fed pellets that have the pigmentation in them that they would ordinarily get from their diet in the wild. This way they don’t lose the colors on their feathers that come from the Beta Carotene in those foods sources.
These pellets are put into a water source though so that they can continue to eat it with their filtering system like they would in the wild. Most of the Flamingos adjust to this type of eating very well. | <urn:uuid:ec1f2f50-c710-4192-8c40-780f9fa8d7eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.flamingos-world.com/flamingo-feeding/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515466.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516235937-20220517025937-00342.warc.gz | en | 0.977151 | 695 | 3.375 | 3 |
Affordability and its impact on house prices
Affordability is a measure of people’s ability to raise money to obtain real estate. It is often represented as an index that compares the cost to finance a median house price (50% above and 50% below) to the percentage of the general population with the income to support this house price. For instance, in Orange County California in 2006, only 2.4% of the population earned enough money to afford a median priced home. When affordability drops below 50%, there is a problem in housing; when it drops to 2.4% there is either a severe shortage of housing, or a housing price bubble; most often, it is the latter.
The simplest way to envision affordability is through simple supply and demand diagrams like those found in introductory economics textbooks. Affordability is the the demand curve. There are a small number of buyers who can afford very high prices, and many buyers who can afford very low prices. There is a limit to how high buyers can push prices. This limit is usually determined by lenders who provide the bulk of the money for a real estate transaction. During the Great Housing Bubble, these limits were nearly eliminated. In terms of the demand curve, the loose credit standards and low interest rates shifted the demand curve dramatically to the right. Thus many more people were enabled to buy and they were able to do so at much higher prices. Once prices started to rise, they were bid up to levels were affordability was at record lows by historical measures.
The supply curve is the opposite of the demand curve: sellers will make very few units available at low prices, and sellers will make a great many available at higher prices. Wherever these two curves meet is where supply and demand are in balance and market transactions are taking place. In the initial stages of a market rally both transaction volumes and prices are increasing rapidly. In the Great Housing Bubble, this was caused by a dramatic expansion of lending and credit. As a price rally matures sellers become reluctant to sell because the asset they own is going up in value quickly, and they don’t want to miss the opportunity to profit. This limits the supply on the market. In terms of the supply and demand diagram, this shifts the supply curve to the left which pushes the balance between supply and demand to a higher price point. The combination of the demand curve shifting to the right from the increased liquidity of the lending environment coupled with the supply curve shifting to the left because of seller reluctance, the intersection of these two lines moves prices dramatically higher. However, once these two forces come into balance, their intersection is at a point of low transaction volume. There are fewer buyers who can afford the higher prices, so transaction volumes begin to fall.
The first sign of a troubled real estate market is a dramatic reduction in volume known as buyer exhaustion. There are simply not enough buyers able or willing to push prices any higher even at the lower transaction volumes. In a residential real estate market, this phenomenon is particularly pronounced at the entry level. The imbalance between supply and demand first becomes apparent at the bottom of the affordability scale with entry-level buyers because these buyers are not bringing the profits from a previous sale with them to the next property. Affordability is less of a problem for existing homeowners in the move-up market due to this equity transfer.
The real estate market can be visualized as a massive pyramid. There are very few multi-million dollar properties at the top of the pyramid, and a large number of relatively inexpensive entry-level properties forming the base. Like any structure, if the foundation is weakened, the structure may collapse. In the same way, housing markets collapse from the bottom up due to problems with affordability.
The foundation of a residential real estate market is the entry-level buyer. Entry-level buyers are generally young people starting to form new households. When a homeowner wants to sell their house and move up to a nicer one, someone needs to buy their house. If you follow this chain of move-ups backward, eventually you come to an entry level buyer. If there are no entry level buyers pushing the sequence of move ups, the entire real estate market ceases to function. The entry level market was initially boosted the moment 100% financing became available because many more people were enabled to purchase; however, it was imperiled at the same time because of the change in savings incentives. This market was subsequently destroyed the moment 100% financing was eliminated because few entry-level buyers had a downpayment and very few people were in the process of saving to get one. In the past, people would rent and save money until they had the requisite downpayment to acquire a house. The barrier to home ownership was not the ability to make payments; it was having the necessary downpayment money. When downpayment requirements go up, the number of people capable of buying a house declines dramatically, particularly for entry-level buyers who must save this money rather than transfer it from a previous sale. Since few potential entry-level buyers were saving money during the rally, sales volumes suffered dramatically in the wake of the bursting real estate bubble.
The way real estate markets collapse from the bottom up due to affordability has some unique issues for reporting on the declines. The most widely reported measure for real estate prices is the median sales price. This is the price level where 50% of the transactions occurred above and 50% occurred below. This measure has weaknesses, but over time it does a reasonable job of documenting overall prices and trends in the marketplace. One of the problems with a median as a measure of house prices is a lag between when a top or a bottom actually occurs and when this top or bottom is reflected in the index. During the beginning of a market decline, the lower end of the market has a more dramatic drop in volume than the top of the market. This causes the median to stay at artificially high levels not reflective of pricing of individual properties in the market. In other words, for a time things look better than they are. At the beginning of a market rally, transaction volume picks up at the bottom of the market at first restarting the chain of move ups. During this time, the prices of individual properties can be moving higher, but since the heavy transaction volume is at the low end, the median will actually move lower.
Affordability is the ultimate limit of any asset bubble. If prices are so high that no buyer can afford them, there are no transactions and thereby no market. The fear of many buyers in a financial mania is that prices will remain elevated to the absolute limit of affordability permanently. People who have this fear will put every available resource into getting a house before this happens. This becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy as prices get bid higher and higher by fearful buyers. If prices were to remain at the upper limit of affordability for a long period of time, the rate of price increase would slow dramatically until it only matched the rate of wage growth and inflation. If prices are not rising in excess of inflation, there is little financial incentive to buy because when affordability is very low, it is much less expensive to rent, and the extra money going toward a housing payment is not generating a financial return. If there is no financial incentive to pay more than the cost of rent, people stop buying, and prices fall back to levels where they are affordable again. | <urn:uuid:3c86532a-72a0-4ef4-9e79-72f2d89bf041> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://irvinerenter.com/affordability-and-its-impact-on-house-prices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824448.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213032335-20181213053835-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971524 | 1,497 | 3.265625 | 3 |
What is Kinesiology?
Get Immediate Answers To Your Health Questions.
Kinesiology is a non-invasive, holistic approach to health and well being. Your body’s natural inclination is to be healthy. Based on the concept of internal energy fundamental to traditional Chinese medicine, Kinesiology uses muscle monitoring, or muscle testing, to discover areas of stress/imbalance in the body systems and identify ways to bring you back into a healthy balance.
Kinesiology: A Holistic Approach to Health
Discover the Roots of any Issue
Kinesiology views the body as a functional organism, rather than a series of separate parts. It focuses on unifying body, mind and spirit. It addresses the links between the body, emotions, and biochemical stress. Instead of focusing on symptoms and diagnosis, it asks specific questions to discover the body’s priority to reconnect, and what is ready to shift to a healthier balance.
Because it addresses the root causes of any issue rather than symptoms, Kinesiology can discover and treat imbalances that are often overlooked by other therapies. It can help restore your health more quickly, permanently, and less invasively than many other therapies. Kinesiology can provide information on energy blockages, organ functions, nutritional deficiencies, food sensitivities, and other areas.
History of Kinesiology
Kinesiology has its roots in the early 1960’s, conceived and developed by American chiropractor Dr. George Goodheart, who explored the relationship between internal organs, acupuncture meridians, and skeletal muscles.
This work is called Applied Kinesiology or Energy Kinesiology.
How it Works
Kinesiology uses muscle testing to indicate the roots of your health issues. Kinesiology can answer questions about the meridians, organ systems, and link them to emotional sources. Using the body’s own feedback mechanism between the nervous system and the skeletal muscles, Kinesiology is an effective method to receive specific personal indications without pharmaceuticals or invasive medical tests.
What to Expect in a Session
Srijana will ask about your history and your objectives for the treatment. You will lie on a treatment table fully clothed, while Srijana touches your wrist lightly to ascertain the priorities for your treatment. When she finds a combination of points, she will explain the therapy, so you understand how it relates to your health. Your session will finish with a discussion of the shifts that took place, any homework, lifestyle factors, or follow-up suggested. Most clients find they feel deeply relaxed after a session.
Srijana uses a high level of skill and sensitivity to read the energy and the flow of a therapy session. With a very light touch on the client’s wrist, she can discern a great deal of information. The many ways that Srijana uses Kinesiology include Food and Nutrient Sensitivity Testing with electronically imprinted vials to indicate optimum diet. She uses it to locate and treat activation points in the meridians. She also uses it to indicate possible causes and treatment options for Insomnia, Adrenal fatigue, GERD, Hypertension, Anxiety, Depression, and more.
Kinesiology can be done in a personal consultation with Srijana. It may be included as a part of another single session, if it is a priority for your healing.
“Srijana’s transformational energy medicine is unique in that she listens directly to the body wisdom to find the most important underlying health issues to address. Ideal for chronic, unresolved physical and emotional problems, Srijana’s healing systems can discover and rebalance functions that conventional therapies tend to overlook.” Adam B.
About Srijana aka Jane Barthelemy, MBA, CBP, CRM, LAP, Author
Jane’s transformational healing aligns the body to spirit. Srijana is a Certified BodyTalk practitioner, Licensed Accunect Chinese Medicine practitioner, Certified 3rd degree Usui Reiki Master, Certified MogaDao Qigong Guide, MogaDao Sacred Sexuality Instructor, MBA. She is the author of two books on healthy diet: Paleo Desserts, and Good Morning Paleo, published by Da Capo Press. She also teaches Qigong, Taiji, Meditation, Food and Lifestyle classes in Santa Fe, NM. | <urn:uuid:578e2374-40b1-4a10-a3bc-2106eb2ed4e2> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://fiveseasonsmedicine.com/treatments/kinesiology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146414.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200226150200-20200226180200-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.907448 | 902 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Assessing the Health Needs of Unique Populations of Adolescents: A Focus Group Study
Few articles report on youth’s perceptions about health-related issues and needs and even fewer have given voice to youth with disabilities, chronic health conditions, or youth in therapeutic foster care. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of health issues from the perspectives of youth placed in therapeutic foster care, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with disabilities. Twelve focus groups with 67 youth aged 13–20 were conducted in rural, suburban, and urban communities in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Data analysis revealed both within unique group themes and themes that cut across unique groups. Youth in therapeutic foster care with chronic health conditions or with disabilities perceive themselves as being different from their peers. Participants in each group expressed concerns about the unique issues that they confront daily and how these challenges differentiate them from youth who do not share their life experiences. They expressed the desire for other youth to understand them better and to not treat them differently. Discussion and implications focus on the need to create programs to support the unique needs of these youth.
Social Work in Health Care
Taylor and Francis
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Shannon, P., & Broussard, A. (2011). Assessing the Health Needs of Unique Populations of Adolescents: A Focus Group Study. Social Work in Health Care, 50, 183-198.
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC | <urn:uuid:1773fba7-18e0-4788-a76e-b3023b10ac5c> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://scholars.unh.edu/socwork_facpub/19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038059348.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210410210053-20210411000053-00061.warc.gz | en | 0.929722 | 297 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Relational Database Schema Define
The profile manager is used when defining attributes for a semantic object.
Unlike the star schema, the dimensional tables can have their own dimensional tables, thus expanding how descriptive a dimension can be.
All constraints are expressible in the same language. Each schema relations between schemas define relational databases. These data access functions require some type of code to access the database. Sql schemas define relational schema relation has a human and scale with lines of a country code.
The defining which specify what issues with all defined by that query coupled to bettering our site, such as well as! DBMS Schema Definition of schema: Design of a database is called the schema.
Corn Leaving The Scene Of An Accident Woodworking
An attribute is relational schema relations among database tables using dplyr: if you define its slave tables in dimension tables, other employees relation.
No schema relation databases, relational databases do data semantics, a tuple in schema relation abstraction for defining attributes are defined by a human. Deposit
ID status property that indicates whether an attribute associated with a profile uniquely identifies an instance of the item represented by the semantic object with which a corresponding attribute is associated.
To make a list of home address for each employee in a given department would require joining these two tables along a common attribute which idenfities each employee. Homework
For schema for your schemas define relationships among database schema for two ways increases the tax rate was through something has made any application development, an independent entities. Visa | <urn:uuid:b611ad67-e45e-4297-a9de-2eb6d6b34040> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://doinglifeonfire.org/wg64dd/5hie/9l26.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00306.warc.gz | en | 0.878487 | 311 | 2.75 | 3 |
Use this if you are using igraph from R
The vertex connectivity of a graph or two vertices, this is recently also called group cohesion.
vertex_connectivity(graph, source = NULL, target = NULL, checks = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'igraph' cohesion(x, checks = TRUE, ...)
The input graph.
The id of the source vertex, for
The id of the target vertex, for
Logical constant. Whether to check that the graph is connected and also the degree of the vertices. If the graph is not (strongly) connected then the connectivity is obviously zero. Otherwise if the minimum degree is one then the vertex connectivity is also one. It is a good idea to perform these checks, as they can be done quickly compared to the connectivity calculation itself. They were suggested by Peter McMahan, thanks Peter.
The vertex connectivity of two vertices (
a directed graph is the minimum number of vertices needed to remove from the
graph to eliminate all (directed) paths from
vertex_connectivity calculates this quantity if both the
target arguments are given and they're not
The vertex connectivity of a graph is the minimum vertex connectivity of all
(ordered) pairs of vertices in the graph. In other words this is the minimum
number of vertices needed to remove to make the graph not strongly
connected. (If the graph is not strongly connected then this is zero.)
vertex_connectivity calculates this quantitty if neither the
target arguments are given. (Ie. they are both
A set of vertex disjoint directed paths from
is a set of directed paths between them whose vertices do not contain common
vertices (apart from
target). The maximum number of
vertex disjoint paths between two vertices is the same as their vertex
connectivity in most cases (if the two vertices are not connected by an
The cohesion of a graph (as defined by White and Harary, see references), is
the vertex connectivity of the graph. This is calculated by
These three functions essentially calculate the same measure(s), more
vertex_connectivity is the most general, the other two are
included only for the ease of using more descriptive function names.
A scalar real value.
Gabor Csardi [email protected]
White, Douglas R and Frank Harary 2001. The Cohesiveness of Blocks In Social Networks: Node Connectivity and Conditional Density. Sociological Methodology 31 (1) : 305-359.
g <- barabasi.game(100, m=1) g <- delete_edges(g, E(g)[ 100 %--% 1 ]) g2 <- barabasi.game(100, m=5) g2 <- delete_edges(g2, E(g2)[ 100 %--% 1]) vertex_connectivity(g, 100, 1) vertex_connectivity(g2, 100, 1) vertex_disjoint_paths(g2, 100, 1) g <- sample_gnp(50, 5/50) g <- as.directed(g) g <- induced_subgraph(g, subcomponent(g, 1)) cohesion(g) | <urn:uuid:dc765196-d50b-457a-ad07-18c80ab8df78> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://igraph.org/r/html/1.2.3/vertex_connectivity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335276.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928180732-20220928210732-00223.warc.gz | en | 0.878041 | 769 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Previous research outlines the correlates of childcare expulsion in the USA, yet researchers know little about how these correlates produce expulsion. This in-depth qualitative analysis of 30 childcare providers’ accounts of expulsion finds a patterned process to expulsion: Teachers search for causes and solutions to challenging behaviours. When interventions fail, overwhelmed teachers shift their focus from ‘struggling’ children to ‘bad families’. Once the explanation of behaviour changes from within to outside of the child, expulsion is imminent. Interventions in teachers’ understandings, not only in children's behaviours, are discussed as a possible way to reduce expulsion.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Health(social science)
- Life-span and Life-course Studies
- preschool children
- qualitative methods | <urn:uuid:aa154791-8728-4b0c-bd5a-ee5a809a24d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researchwithrutgers.com/en/publications/teachers-perceptions-of-childcare-and-preschool-expulsion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00236.warc.gz | en | 0.853608 | 172 | 2.625 | 3 |
We Can End Domestic Abuse
If your friend or loved one is experiencing domestic violence or is a survivor, there are many ways you can help to support them.
Do respect what she wants to do.
Every step is up to her.
Do share resources with your friend or loved one.
Professionals who work at shelters and on hotlines can help. You can’t do it all alone!
Do offer your unconditional understanding and support.
Start by helping them feel good about themselves. Emphasize their strengths.
Do be clear that you are there to listen, and not to judge.
There is an important balance between expressing concern and telling someone what to do. Encourage them to express their feelings and make their own decisions.
Do tell her it's not her/his fault.
Stress that she doesn’t deserve the abuse and that abuse is NEVER okay. Remind them often that you’re there for support whenever necessary.
Do identify the unhealthy behaviors.
Keep track of things you have noticed about the relationship and the abuser. Identify the changes you have seen in your loved one's behavior.
Do acknowledge the scariness of domestic violence.
It is scary and difficult to talk about interpersonal violence. Be prepared with good information.
Do encourage your loved one to build a support system.
A good support system includes the safe and healthy people in her life.
Don't spread gossip.
Gossip can put a victim in danger if it gets back to the abuser, so think before you speak. Your friend or loved one has taken a big step in coming to you—it is critical that they can trust you with confidential information.
Don't blame your friend or loved one for the abuse.
The victim should never feel as though the abuse is her fault.
Don't make them do something.
Don't force her to do something she is uncomfortable doing. They can make their own decisions. Don't try to end the relationship for them.
Don't criticize your loved one or her partner.
Even if you disagree with her choices. This may isolate them even more by making them feel that no one approves, or that they have to hide their relationship. | <urn:uuid:a084608e-2549-48ea-9167-0b08e963d2b3> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.clackamas.us/domesticviolence/supporting.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961435 | 457 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Five frames are graphic organisers that help children to visualise what they need to make a set of 5 . Mental Maths is something that we have made a priority in my school. After mid-term I will be using my 5 frames as revision and consolidation of Junior Infant adding to help my class become competent and confident at picturing numbers in their head. I can’t wait!
Children who count using their fingers are doing so because they do not have a good mental concept for number and are using something concrete, their fingers, to help them work out maths equations.
Our number system places a huge emphasis on “10”. Since 5 is half of 10 it is also an important bench mark and a very important step in the evolution of mathematical knowledge.
5 frames help children:
- keep track of counting
- develop one correspondence between oral counting and actual counters eg when I say “one” I place “one counter down” or by adding up counters through touching one counter for each number you count out orally
- learn to add to 5 in their head
- when the frames are inverted to create two upright columns the concept of odd and even numbers is very clear
How to use 5 :
Print out a set of 5 Frame Boards. Use coins or buttons as counters. What about Cheerios or smarties for some yummy, yummy counters!!!
Explain the following :
- only one counter is allowed in each space
- counters are placed on the mat in the ” reading & writing direction”(left to right)
Different ways to play & learn:
This is how it works! Have a look at this frame.
What number is depicted?!
It visually depicts the number 3.
What can we tell by looking at this number frame?
We can clearly and easily see that…
This is 3
That 3 and 2 more would give 5
When you show your child number frames ask the following:
Number recognition or The 5 Frame Flash: Flash 5 Frame Cards at your child in a random order and ask him/her to call out what number it is.
Adding to 5:
- What number is this? Encourage your child to answer this by visually counting rather than touching.
- By just looking how many more counters would we need to make 5?
- Now count this out using your counters and see if you get the same answer.
Adding on and Counting Back:
- What would one more than this number make?
- What would one less than this number make?
- What would 2 more make?
- What would 2 less make?
Adding to 5 with a blank 5 Frame Card:
Give your child a blank 5 Frame card.
- Call out a sum eg 2 + 2=.
- Have your child place 2 counters on the board.
- Ask him or her to work out the answer in his/her head
- Check the answer using counters
After lots and lots and lots of practice you can encourage children to just glance at the card and to the rest in their heads. Show then a card eg 2 frame. Ask them to picture if in their heads. Now ask the same kind of questions…How many more would make 5? What would one more make?
I have created a number of different format 5 frame cards for you to download and use!
I have also created large format cards with only one frame per page. I will upload this PDF to my Interactive Whiteboard to help demonstrate and discuss number.
If you are doing this with your child at home or your school allows you to print in colour you might prefer these ones! The cute clip art is from DJ Inkers. I resisted the urge to make decorate it even more as we want children to focus on the number rather than anything else.
Join me for more 5 Frame adventures soon! Why not subscribe to my blog. It’s free and you won’t miss out on the next lesson.
Miss Mernagh 🙂 | <urn:uuid:a4e28098-0e1f-489b-bcad-65c0f2b185b2> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://missmernagh.com/2011/11/04/follow-me-on-my-5-frames-adventure-for-mental-maths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038076819.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20210414034544-20210414064544-00023.warc.gz | en | 0.943613 | 832 | 4.125 | 4 |
India is planning to initiate work on several fronts to maximise the use of renewable energy at least cost possible.
Officials of the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) recently told media outlets that the central government is planning to set up 10 GW of pumped storage capacity across the country. The entire plan is expected to require a total investment of Rs 80,000 crore (US$12 billion).
The officials explained that solar power will be combined with hydro power pumped storage to maximise the use of renewable energy and keep the carbon footprint of power generation minimal.
Solar power projects shall be set up cross to water reservoirs. During daytime, a part of the solar power generated shall be used to pump the water up the hill while during the night the water shall be released downhill to generate hydro power in the conventional manner.
This process that also negate the requirement to store solar power in batteries. The officials stated using lithium-ion batteries to store solar power would increase the tariff of electricity by around Rs 10/kWh (US¢15/kWh) whereas a pumped storage system would result in a tariff increase of just Rs 0.30-0.40/kWh (US¢0.45-0.60/kWh). Thus, the main aim, of stabilising the grid while increasing the use of renewable energy will be achieved at a very low cost.
The total potential of setting up pumped storage capacity in India estimated to be around 90 GW. The CEA is believed to have identified sites to set up 10 GW pumped storage capacity.
India is experimenting with a number of ways to integrate renewable energy projects into its power grid. The Solar Energy Corporation of India recently announced plans to hold first auctions for storage-enabled solar power projects. The government is also working to set up dedicated transmission lines for renewable energy projects.Source : http://planetsave.com/2016/08/27/india-plans-10-gw-solar-based-pumped-hydro-storage-capacity/?utm_source=Energy+Storage+Report&utm_campaign=d35ccb8460-ESR_2_10_1210_2_2012&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_bd57f7e9aa-d35ccb8460-51956293
View all SMART GRID Bulletins click here | <urn:uuid:badca4a4-3d6a-4daf-ab0d-19cb7cf2a5b0> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://indiasmartgrid.org/viewnews.php?id=2133 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741510.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113215316-20181114001316-00324.warc.gz | en | 0.900002 | 487 | 3.15625 | 3 |
“It is better to break the house than the harmony of singing!” It is not often you can hear such a radical statement in relation to the vocal skill, glorifying the song and its performer. However, in Adjara, it is quite relevant. This quotation about singing belongs to one of the famous Adjarian folk song performers - Abdul Bolkvadze. He was a "lotbari" - a leading voice that sets the tone for all the other members of the choir. Due to the fact that Georgian singing is almost always polyphonic, there is always a great responsibility on a lotbari, because the slightest change in intonation can destroy the whole harmony of the song!
Today almost all kinds of folk songs are preserved in Adjara. The most popular of them are labor, wedding, dance, marching and heroic songs. As a rule, all these songs are characterized by polyphonic performance.
In Adjara they sing while working in the field, cleaning the corn, spinning or weaving. Since ancient times, the song has accompanied almost any work, inspired the working man and made his work easier. Those singers who sang during sowing or harvesting enjoyed special honor and love of the people. Such songs created a working mood and filled with energy villagers who had to work all day in the field. The singers themselves did not have to work, it was enough just to sing and inspire the working people. One of the modern folk song performers recalls: “My grandfather sang so well that people would not go out to work in the field without his songs! "
The Adjarian dance song is characterized by the slow start and acceleration of the tempo. While performing a dance, the dancers typically have a smile or joyful look on their face. One of the characteristic features of the Adjarian dance is the competitive moment: as soon as the music starts playing faster, the young dancers pass the baton to the older ones, and the latter go dancing in a circle, accepting the challenge. All these traditions originated in ancient times, were transmitted through the centuries and reached our times in their original form.
Another feature of the Adjarian song is «shairi» - the vocal game of wits, during which men and women exchange ironic and humorous couplets. And there are no winners in this game, there is only real folk art, which today is becoming more and more popular and valuable!
The years passed and the Adjarian folk song had to go through difficult times, but it did not die, but became even more powerful and more popular. Technical progress played a major role in this: voices were recorded at different times on different media and archived. These records helped the younger generation to restore the song and bring it back to the village again! Young people followed in the footsteps of their ancestors, and today there are wonderful folk song performers in the villages of Adjara! Thousands of tourists from different countries come to local villages today to not only hear, but also study Adjarian folklore!
The Adjarian song is a storehouse of popular wisdom, a connection with the ancestors, which never stopped! And today, like hundreds of years ago, it inspires and revives the village! | <urn:uuid:77a132e3-5d1c-4672-b5d4-dac6f9ce589a> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://visitajara.com/en/blog/Adjarian_song_:_ancient,_native_and_soulful_ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039554437.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421222632-20210422012632-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.974575 | 664 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Networking is an important part of any virtual data center. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization sets up a management network automatically, but one network may not be enough. It's also important to add at least one logical network in a RHEV 3 environment.
Logical networking is used to connect virtual machines (VMs) to external users or storage. To maintain flexibility and avoid overtaxing network hardware, it is a good idea to set up at least one additional logical network to separate management traffic from other network traffic.
Often, data centers have separate logical networks for guest data, storage access, management and, in some cases, the display network. The management network carries traffic between different hosts, and an administrator uses the display network to access VM consoles.
Make sure the physical network to which the logical network is assigned has been completely configured before you begin. Before setting up a logical network, it's also a good idea to put all hosts that will access the network in maintenance mode. Changing network settings on running hosts may make the host unreachable. Making network changes is not something to take lightly, and administrators should carefully plan a maintenance window in which an unavailable host won't disrupt users.
More resources on RHEV 3.0
No Windows means new RHEV 3.0 management options
RHEV 3.0 gives Microsoft Windows the boot
Step-by-step process for adding virtual hosts in RHEV-M
There are just a few parameters to set when creating a logical network in Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV), including if you want to use spanning tree protocol (STP) and virtual LAN (VLAN) tagging. STP allows logical switches in the network to connect nodes and communicate their status with external networks. In general, it's best not to use STP in virtualized network environments, because if incorrectly configured, a switching loop can bring down network traffic on the entire switching infrastructure.
VLAN tagging is a useful option that allows you to assign a logical network to a specific VLAN. Because most physical networks make use of VLAN technology, VLAN tagging makes sense.
After creating a logical network, you need to assign the hosts that are going to use it. Make sure the logical network is associated to a physical network interface card in each host in the cluster, or else you won't be able to activate the host.
Configuring the network interface is not difficult. First, set up the physical network infrastructure. Every logical network needs a dedicated physical network interface; it is not possible to share an interface between several networks. If you want to use network bonding, be sure it's configured on all hosts before proceeding.
Once all physical networking is configured, select the host and the network interface to which you want to assign to the network.. This gives access to an interface where you can specify the IP address and whether RHEV should check connectivity on this interface.
If you opt to allow RHEV to check connectivity, the network will automatically shut down if a cable is temporarily unplugged. Once you've configured all settings you want to use, check the"Save network configuration" box in the bottom part of the Edit Network window and click "OK" to save the configuration.
Once the network has been configured, you can edit current settings or temporarily detach the network from the management interface. Doing this allows you to perform maintenance on a specific interface, which means you won't have to bring down the entire network to apply changes to just one network interface. | <urn:uuid:e57748c1-7e39-4de2-a46e-099c533623d5> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/RHEV-3-networking-basics-Setting-up-a-logical-network | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150000.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723175111-20210723205111-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.89064 | 718 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Time to Set the Hook
Library Home || Full Table of Contents || Library Help
|A site dedicated to helping other teachers "set the hook with technology. It might be a video that demonstrates your standard being applied in a real life setting. It might be a screencast of a step-by-step solution to a problem. It might be a blog that provides testimony and anecdotes to prepare you for what is to come. It might be a lesson sample with the integration of technology throughout...." Stevens' "tackle box" provides capsule reviews of "apps that give you an edge"; samples of student work include "proving mastery of absolute value equations," "explaining a flip lesson for classmates," "finding slopes in real life," and "proving mastery of graphing inequalities." See also Stevens' training resources, "Screencasting and the Flipped Classroom" and "A Day in the Life of a 1 iPad Teacher"; his tips for troubleshooting a flipped classroom; and his math lessons "designed for a 1 iPad classroom": "Adding and Subtracting Polynomials," "Classifying Polynomials," "Factoring Polynomials," "Exponent Rules," "Introducing Quadratics," and more. His blog, which dates back to December, 2012, has included posts such as "Two Cents for the Homework Debate" and "Video Helped the Teaching Star."|
|Levels:||Middle School (6-8)|
|Resource Types:||Audiovisuals, Web-Based Discussions|
|Math Topics:||Basic Algebra, Functions|
|Math Ed Topics:||Materials-Reviews/Recommendations, Technology in Math Ed|
© 1994- The Math Forum at NCTM. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:b04c43ad-3f15-46b0-a692-717c698229ea> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://mathforum.org/library/view/76062.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812758.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219171550-20180219191550-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.918167 | 363 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Sleep Duration Linked to Heart Health
No one can dispute the restorative value of sleep, but not only is a lack of sleep detrimental, so is getting too much of it. In fact, studies have conclusively shown a link between long and short sleep duration and both diabetes and hypertension.
Now, a new study conducted by the West Virginia school of Medicine shows that sleep duration has an impact on cardiovascular health. Dr. Anoop Shankar, associate professor in the Department of Community Medicine led the team which discovered the association.
The team looked at data collected in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey; more than 30,000 adults over the age of 18 were analyzed.
According to the journal Sleep, which is currently publishing the study, 2,146 of the participants had cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke. Eight percent of them claimed to get 5 hours of sleep or less per night, while 9% got more than 9 hours.
The researchers found that those who slept more than 9 hours per night were 1.5 times more likely to experience heart attack and stroke, while adults under the age of 60 who slept only 5 hours had a threefold increased risk over those who consistently got 7 hours per night.
In the study abstract, the team concludes, “Compared with sleep duration of 7h, there was a positive association between both shorter and longer sleep durations and CVD in a represetative sample of US adults. These results suggest that sleep duration may be an important marker of CVD."
And, speaking of sleep, according to the Sleep Research Society’s Spring 2010 bulletin, there are significant differences between varying ethnic groups when it comes to nocturnal rest. The National Sleep Foundation conducted a poll in March of 2010 among Asians, African-Americans, Hispanics and Whites; here’s some of what they discovered:
*Asians report getting the “best” sleep
*African-Americans get the least amount of sleep, but also say they don’t need as much
*Hispanics are most likely to lose sleep over financial worries and personal/relationship problems
*Whites are more likely than other ethnic groups to sleep with a pet. | <urn:uuid:d21b1b57-8e2d-49a3-94c3-43bafd949254> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.foodconsumer.org/newsite/mobile/2/19/sleep_duration_linked_to_heart_health_080220101026.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644068184.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025428-00302-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958641 | 458 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A nursery rhyme is a short rhyming poem often written for children. This type of poem is a good way to practice using literary devices like rhyme, repetition, and alliteration. They are also fun to say out loud, as they usually have funny or silly details. To write nursery rhymes, start by choosing a topic like an animal, a character, or an object. Then, compose the rhyme by telling a funny or entertaining story about your topic. Listen to how the rhyme sounds out loud, ask for input from others, and revise it if necessary so you end up with a polished piece.
Part One of Three:
Finding a TopicEdit
1Write about an animal for a fun approach. You may pick your favorite animal or a pet you have at home. Imagine what the animal might do during the day or when no one is watching. For example, you could write about:
- Your or your child's favorite animal, such as a snake or a lion.
- One of your own pets. It would be easier for your child to imagine it.
- A made-up an animal, such as a purple elephant with tiny bird wings.
- A mythical creature, such as a dragon, griffon, or unicorn.
2Create a character to help you tell a story in the rhyme. Pick a name for the character, such as a name you like or the name of someone close to you. Then, think about what types of adventures the character might find themselves in. Come up with a short story about what the character does or a situation they find themselves in.
- For example, you may write about a character named Max, who likes to run fast down the street. Or you may write about a character named Claire who finds herself trapped in a cave.
- Think ahead to your rhyme scheme and be prepared to change your character's name, if needed.
3Choose an object to write about if you have a favorite or special one. Pick your favorite toy or an item that has special meaning to you. Or, look around the room and pick an object at random. Then, think about how you might use this object or what you do with the object on a day to day basis.
- Alternatively, you could imagine what might happen if the object came to life. What would the object do or say?
- For example, you may choose your favorite stuffed animal or your favorite truck and write about it in the nursery rhyme.
4Create a different version of an existing rhyme for a more guided approach. Pick a nursery rhyme that you like or find interesting. Then, try writing your own version of it using the same subject matter and structure. Create a version with a different character or topic. Switch the original topic to something you like writing about.
- For example, you may take a nursery rhyme like “Little Miss Muffet” and change it to a rhyme about "Big Mr. Muffin" or "Small Miss Bloom."
5Read examples of nursery rhymes to get inspiration. Look at the rhyme scheme of the nursery rhymes to get a better sense of how to use rhyme in your version. Listen to how the nursery rhymes sound when you read them aloud. Notice how the nursery rhymes tell a short story with funny or silly details. You may read nursery rhymes like:
- “Hickory Dickory Dock”
- “Little Miss Muffet”
- “The Itsy Bitsy Spider”
- “Baa, Baa, Black Sheep”
Part Two of Three:
Creating a DraftEdit
1Tell a simple story about your topic. Most nursery rhymes will tell the reader a short story where something happens to a character or topic. The character then reacts to the event and finds a way to address it or deal with it. Your nursery rhyme should present a character or topic and show the reader what happens to them. It should have a beginning, middle, and end, with action or conflict in the middle of the story.
- For example, you may write a nursery rhyme where your pet snake gets out of its cage and roams around the house, only to scare your mother in the kitchen.
2Follow a rhyme scheme for a traditional approach. You do not need to rhyme every line, but a simple rhyme scheme can help to give the poem a specific rhythm, especially when read aloud. Most nursery rhymes will follow a rhyme scheme like ABCB, where the last word in the second and third lines rhyme.
- You can also try a rhyme scheme like AABCCB, where the first two lines and the fourth and fifth lines of the poem rhyme. The second line and the last line will also rhyme.
- For example, the nursery rhyme “Little Miss Muffet” follows an AABCCB rhyme scheme: “Little Miss Muffet/Sat on a tuffet/Eating her curds and whey/Along came a spider/Who sat down beside her/And frightened Miss Muffet away.”
3Use repetition to add rhythm and flow. Repetition is a common device in nursery rhymes. It helps key details stick in the reader’s mind. You may repeat the name of the main character in your nursery rhyme. You can also repeat an adjective or a detail about the topic.
- For example, you may use repetition like, “Red chili peppers, hot, hot, hot," or "Max runs, runs, runs."
4Include alliteration to make the poem sound interesting. Alliteration is where you use the same vowel sounds in a row. It can be a great way to add detail to the poem and give it a good sense of flow. Try using words that start with the same letter and sound for 1-2 lines in the poem.
- For example, you may use alliteration like “my snake Sara sure likes to slink, slink, slink," or "Madame Maple met a mammoth."
5Use counting in the poem to teach numbers. Some nursery rhymes like “One, two, buckle my shoes” or “One potato, two potato” use counting to help you remember numbers. It can also be a good way to add a certain rhythm to the poem and follow a set structure. Start at 1 and work you way up to 8, 9, or 10.
- For example, you may write a nursery rhyme like, “One, two/Sky so blue/Three, four/The birds want more/Five, six/Watch clouds drift/Seven, eight/The moon is late.”
6Include silly or funny details to the poem to make it memorable. Use your imagination and add in details that seem a little strange or impossible. Don't feel limited by what makes sense or seems logical. Funny or strange details will make the nursery rhyme fun to read aloud for your reader.
- For example, you may write, “My brother Max/He sure is fast/Runs far from home/Meets a hungry eel/Looking for a meal/Wasn’t long before Max ran back home.”
7Keep the poem within 4-7 lines. Nursery rhymes are usually short, sweet, and to the point. Make sure your rhyme has a beginning, middle, and end within no more than 7 lines total. Focus on keeping the poem concise while also using devices like alliteration, rhyme, and repetition to give the poem some style and personality.
- If your story is too long, create a collection of rhymes, each being 4-7 lines long. They should all have a beginning, middle, and end, but can tell a longer story when put together.
Part Three of Three:
Polishing the Nursery RhymeEdit
1Read the nursery rhyme aloud. Once you have completed a draft of the nursery rhyme, read it aloud several times. Listen to how it sounds. Notice if it rhymes properly and rolls off your tongue easily. Check that it has a simple story that is easy to follow and understand.
2Share it with others to get their feedback. Show the nursery rhyme to your teacher, your parents, and your friends. Ask them if they find the nursery rhyme funny or entertaining. Find out if they think the nursery rhyme is easy to read and follow.
- Since this is a nursery rhyme, consider reading it to a baby. If it makes your baby feel happy or calm, you're doing a good job.
3Revise the nursery rhyme for flow and content. Look for any unnecessary lines or awkward language and tighten them up so the rhyme flows better. Make sure each line flows well into one another and follows a clear rhyme scheme.
- Once you have revised the nursery rhyme, read it aloud for a final time to ensure it flows well and sounds good.
I really want to improve in my mathematics class because it’s very hard to focus when my teacher's explaining a certain topic or a solution to a problem. How can I become better and focus more on math and grades in general?Answered by
- Try to make the lesson interesting to yourself. If you like doodling, doodle what your teacher says and revise at home.
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"I will probably write a nursery rhyme because I love little kids and they adore me." | <urn:uuid:7e71b87f-795e-4170-9814-044b98842ac3> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://m.wikihow.com/Write-Nursery-Rhymes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861456.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618222556-20180619002556-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.926928 | 1,998 | 3.84375 | 4 |
In advance of his keynote presentation at the upcoming Columbia Basin Watershed Network Symposium, Water Canada spoke with John Ralston Saul, Canadian intellectual and author of A Fair Country: Telling Truths about Canada, about environment, economics, governance, and First Nations.
Water Canada: This symposium focuses on watershed governance, so let’s start with natural resources. What’s your view of the way Canada currently manages its natural resources?
John Ralston Saul: I’ve been quite involved with speaking about and defending the north and interior British Columbia, and rethinking the relationship we have with place. As Canadians, we’ve taken this view that humans are on top and everything is here to serve us, but it doesn’t work that way. In a number of my books, I’ve written about fisheries and fishing. With 19th-century industrial approaches to fishing, we’re treating the resource as if it is totally renewable, but we’re fishing in a way that’s non-renewable. We throw back 50 per cent of fish caught—often dead, by that point. It’s uncivilized and destructive, and people still don’t know it’s true. We’re taking a very expensive commodity and treating it as a cheap object of which there’s an endless supply. It’s approximately the same as the approach we’ve taken to cutting down trees, or hunting buffalo. Western civilization has to understand what it’s doing and that it doesn’t work.
How can Canada improve upon our traditionally industrial approach to resource management?
The only way out of it is to do economics which are inclusive. Right now, people look at pulp and paper and say “Here are the costs of producing pulp, and here’s what a profit looks like.” But this approach doesn’t include the full cost, especially the ones assumed by everybody else: the loss of use of a river, the disappearance of fish. It might mean water isn’t drinkable unless we build an expensive water filtration plant. Who is paying for a fouled stream? The company isn’t baring that cost, citizens are bearing it.
With this non-integrated approach toward environment, we’ve gotten ourselves into a crisis. Moving forward, it’s saying “If you want to cut down these trees, here’s what it actually costs.” It’s not romanticism, and it’s not goodwill. The answer is a complete change in operations. Some of that has already happened, and some is happening right now, but it’s all happening so slowly, and with such a lack of imagination. We should be treating it as an emergency.
How should Canada incorporate the important role of First Nations into watershed governance?
The first stage is listening to what First Nations are saying. There are approaches and attitudes coming from of the Aboriginal world which simply have not been seized hold of. Parts of the environmental movement remain pretty urban and not plugged into what First Nations have been saying for a long time. The Supreme Court has made it extremely clear that governments and corporations need to be consulting with Aboriginal people in the fullest sense, but we’re still seeing endless prevarication, avoidance, and attempts to minimalize what “consultation” means.
The other element is that the form of negotiations over treaties has been set in an old-fashioned, colonial way. When you scrape away the nice surface, the process of negotiation leads you back toward an “us-and-them” approach. If governments said, “Actually, this is really about a massive transfer of money, power, and land, and therefore the negotiations should be done openly,” perhaps negotiations would start with a First Nations group asking for 200,000 acres, and end with the government arguing they should have 300,000 or 400,000. What are we gaining through reductionism? First Nations want to live in the places being negotiated for, whereas corporations don’t want to live there. They want to take the wood and run—there’s no long-term commitment. It’s far better to have land under control by people who are committed to it.
Most people talk about weight and measurement. Here we have a fundamental philosophical problem—problems are solved not by negotiating the one per cent. They’re solved by changing our attitudes and understanding what is at stake and what are our obligations. It’s realizing that the things you thought would cost you money will actually make you money. We have a big difficulty embracing these things.
One of the symposium’s major topics is the impending date of negotiation for the Columbia River Treaty (CRT). The year 2024 is the earliest either Canada or the United States may terminate the CRT, provided 10-years advance notice is given in 2014. Both countries are currently considering the options. Going into the symposium, what are your thoughts about the treaty?
When I was in high school, we used to go to Ottawa to visit politicians. In 1962 or 1963, we met the leading opponent of the treaty, an NDP politician from British Columbia. I remember him giving us an enormous pile of documents. I knew nothing at that time, but I remember being struck at how astonishing it was we’d fallen into this trap, which involved a great amount of energy, and nobody had bothered to measure the other implications. We’re still dealing with that.
The most important thing is people have to come to understand that real economics is speculative and inclusive. It is a social phenomenon. There’s no invisible hand; it’s not a mathematical problem. It’s about how we want to live, and how should we go about it. It has always been that. The last 40 years have been about pretending that economics had their own truth and you could impose that truth on human beings and society, even if it was destructive. The next big question will be whether or not we’ve learned from that.
In an address at Haida Gwaii in 2002, you said “the return of the key player to the table—the aboriginal peoples—will be essential to making the right environmental decisions.” What do you think Canadians should learn about First Nations and the environment?
Non-Aboriginal Canadians need to learn how to listen to First Nations to hear what they’re saying. It’s not about feeling sorry; it’s about trying to understand there’s another way of thinking about these things.
Secondly, Canada has a long history of benefiting from its commodities and convincing ourselves that we’re smart as opposed to lucky. We have fished, mined, polluted—you name it, we’ve done it—as if we have the right to do it, and moved on. The biggest question for all of us: Are we able to accept that we were extremely lucky to get a place with all of these commodities, and that to be successful we have to respect these commodities rather than cash in? We have to learn that commodity-rich countries succeed only when they understand the relationship between people and place, and ease of making short-term benefit from these commodities is a destructive delusion. We have to make proper use of our role.
John Ralston Saul is scheduled to speak at the Columbia Basin Watershed Network Symposium on September 29. | <urn:uuid:f85d128c-77d0-4db3-822d-74237cefbe9b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.watercanada.net/feature/interview-john-ralston-saul-on-environment-economics-governance-and-first-nations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475711.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301225031-20240302015031-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.960464 | 1,565 | 2.59375 | 3 |
How a society treats its children says everything about its values.
In capitalist society, the predominant values center on the acquisition, accumulation, and display of goods. This encourages and rewards a competitive rather than a cooperative attitude, hierarchical rather than collective organizational models, and relationships build around power rather than compassion.
However, even within this dominant framework, positive values and models exist. Kindness, love, and empathy are frequently evident among us, as is the capacity to learn, work together, and make positive changes as individuals and group members.
To nurture and build upon our best inclinations, those of us concerned about the future of our children, especially the millions of those being raised in poverty, need to take time from our daily tasks to reflect on our ultimate goals, and to speak for children in the broadest possible way.
We should take every opportunity to present a strong dissenting voice to the status quo and put forward a program based on the possibility for fundamental change and the premise that the welfare of a child depends on a complex network of interconnecting relationships that extends well beyond the nuclear family.
For example, children need parents and guardians who are economically secure. This can only occur in a full employment economy where everyone receives a minimum wage of at least fifteen dollars an hour.
Children need comprehensive health care, and yet millions are excluded from vital preventive measures. This situation calls for a system of socialized medicine, with universal coverage paid from revenues generated by a steeply graduated income tax.
Young children deserve child care provided by trained teachers receiving wages and benefits in keeping with the importance of their work, and in a setting where high standards of health, safety, and developmentally appropriate practice are established and maintained.
Such a child care system would require a massive increase in public funding, achievable by progressive taxation and substantial cuts in military spending.
Child care would be available to all as as integrated component of a fully-funded and responsive public school system. Educational materials would transcend racial, ethnic, and gender prejudices.
Extended families would be encouraged and supported, so that children would receive care from adults along the entire spectrum of generations.
Each child would feel confident of his or her abilities, seeing adults in a variety of jobs and engaged in decision-making within the workplace and in society at large.
With the work-week substantially shorter, gender stereotyping would dissolve as both men and women take pleasure in fully participating in the rearing of children. Paid leaves would be available to both male and female parents to raise an infant for the first eighteen months of childhood.
This is a program of radical change that could bring a sense of well-being to all of our children. It challenges corporate power, presupposes independent, grass-roots political action, and stretches the limits of the possible. It prepares the way to a democratically structured socialist society in which every child could flourish.
Children need, want, and deserve the life experiences that nourish aspirations. Right now, for too many of them, the present is bleak, and prospects for the future bleaker. It is all too easy for us, the adults in their lives, to accept the existing circumstances as inevitable, and to justify our behavior as realistic. Yet we are always making choices, and there are alternatives. We need to pursue them.
Only by taking a hard look at the reality of life for many children in our society today will we be able to build on our strengths and move toward a new society, one that replaces capitalist values and practices with those of democratic socialism.
Susan Dorazio and Eric Chester, Glasgow members of the Clydeside Branch of the Industrial Workers of the World | <urn:uuid:ee00a489-c675-4c67-b715-f03ed59cbbfa> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://iwwscotland.wordpress.com/scottish-education-workers-network/raising-our-children-now-and-for-a-new-society/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572436.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915215643-20190916001643-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.955184 | 742 | 3.375 | 3 |
The soundboard is one of the most important parts of a piano. Soundboards have traditionally been made of thin planks of solid spruce, about 1/2 inch thick and the width of your hand, glued together on the edges to form a very large surface. While this traditional approach has been used throughout the history of the industry, there are some very well known problems with this approach.
The problems have to do with changes in humidity. Solid wood moves with humidity levels, swelling in periods of high humidity and shrinking as humidity drops. This, along with the stretching of the steel strings, is the primary cause of pianos going out of tune. While this is annoying, it is corrected by tuning.
A more serious problem is caused by GREAT swings in humidity. During periods of high humidity, the fibers in the wood swell to the point of crushing themselves, leading to weak areas that, when they then experience very low humidity, tend to turn into cracks. A crack in the soundboard, while unsightly, usually has no impact on the overall tone of a piano. However a cracked soundboard has a major detrimental affect on the resale value of a piano and is very expensive to repair.
There have evolved 2 alternatives to solid, or “traditional” soundboards and the most common is to use a layered construction, adding 1 or 2 layers with the wood grain at a cross pattern. This construction absolutely resists humidity changes and usually eliminates the possibility of cracks developing and has been used by various makers over the years.
While this construction has a lot to offer piano makers, there a couple of problems. In the past it was offered only in lower price pianos (Kimball was a pioneer in laminated soundboards) and was seen as not being as tonally responsive as solid boards. Another problem is what to call it. It is truly “laminated” but that word is seen as negative, bringing up images of soundboards being made of ordinary plywood.
I prefer the term “modern” as opposed to “traditional”. The technology of layering thin pieces of wood together has come a very long way and has gained greater value and acceptance with the rise in the price of high quality spruce and the increase in the sophistication of piano design and construction. Among piano technicians and designers, modern soundboard construction has become accepted as long as other aspects of the piano are designed with the soundboard construction in mind.
Modern soundboards don’t crack and are much more stable in periods of changing humidity. And it is generally, though not universally, accepted that they perform perfectly well in pianos where string tension and hammer weight compliment the qualities of the soundboard.
It is argued that since the finest piano makers all use solid spruce, traditional boards must be better. But remember, the makers being referred to are at the highest ends of the price spectrum and choose to purchase high quality spruce which is both scarce and expensive. It is my contention, and that of a number of makers, designers and technicians that a well made modern board performs better than a traditional board made out of lower quality spruce.
Don’t be put off by a salesperson dismissing modern boards. They have a lot to offer. | <urn:uuid:f8bc0509-86d4-4b65-a70c-7fd863eb0e0a> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://ericjohnsonpianos.com/traditional-and-modern-soundboards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578727587.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425154024-20190425180024-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.972186 | 666 | 2.515625 | 3 |
View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
Definition of DHAKA
city ∗ of Bangladesh pop 6,482,877
Variants of DHAKA
Dha·ka or Dac·ca\ˈda-kə, ˈdä-\
geographical name(Concise Encyclopedia)
Bayt ul-Mukarram mosque and shopping mall, Dhaka, Bangladesh.—Frederic OhringerNancy Palmer Agency/EB Inc.
City (pop., 2001 prelim.: city, 5,644,235; metro. area, 10,403,597), capital of Bangladesh. It can be traced to the 1st millennium AD, but it did not rise to prominence until the 17th century, when it served as the Mughal capital of Bengal province. It came under British control in 1765 and was the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam province (1905–12). The capital of East Bengal province in 1947 and of East Pakistan in 1956, it suffered heavy damage during Bangladesh's war of independence in 1971. Together with its port, Dhaka is the country's leading industrial centre. Its historic buildings include temples, churches, and more than 700 mosques, some of which date to the 15th century. | <urn:uuid:d4a99fc2-e9ce-436f-8aec-6ea635f53a8b> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dhaka | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1419447559962.154/warc/CC-MAIN-20141224185919-00020-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896054 | 264 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics—over the Internet. Users can access their data whenever and wherever without physically hosting software or hardware. While it is often referred to as a singular “the cloud,” there are actually multiple clouds, each one controlled by a different provider (for example, Apple's iCloud).
Advantages of Cloud Computing for Businesses and Users
Cloud computing allows files, photos, software, documents, and other digital information to be stored and shared securely. The cloud can be used to stream video, analyze data, create apps, and complete virtually any task that requires data storage. As long as you have Internet access, you will be able to open and share anything that is stored in the cloud.
The exact benefits will vary according to the type of cloud service being used; however, some advantages of cloud computing include:
- Scalability. Your business can scale your operation and storage needs up or down to suit your situation, allowing flexibility as your needs change. Rather than purchasing and installing expensive upgrades yourself, your cloud computing service provider can handle this for you.
- Reduced costs. A cloud system reduces the need for high-priced hardware and software, as well as labor and storage costs associated with maintenance. Businesses can simply rent the space that they need on demand, without worrying about expensive infrastructure costs.
- Global scale. Cloud computing allows users to access files anywhere in the world using any Internet-enabled device, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The cloud makes it easy for users in multiple locations to work on the same project, since all users can access and edit files simultaneously (without the need for back-and-forth emailing).
- Reliability. If data loss occurs, cloud-based data duplication technology will allow users to securely store and recover their data. Protecting your data and systems is an important part of business continuity planning. Being able to access your data again quickly allows you to conduct business as usual, minimizing any downtime and loss of productivity.
- Manageability. Cloud computing provides enhanced and simplified IT management capabilities through central administration of resources. IT infrastructure updates and maintenance are eliminated, as the service provider maintains all resources.
Explore Cloud Computing Options For Your BusinessATI Solutions has partnered with cloud computing vendors to deliver three customized levels of invisible infrastructure to our clients. Let our DC-area data centers provide all the power, connectivity, protection, and security you need in a location that is close to home. Contact us today to get more information about how we can serve your needs or set up an appointment to tour our Chantilly facility. | <urn:uuid:609f2bf9-218f-45b4-8649-c0b1f248479e> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.atisolutions.com/faqs/what-is-cloud-computing-for-businesses.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250608062.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123011418-20200123040418-00522.warc.gz | en | 0.925266 | 545 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Micro-computed tomography (µCT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to produce cross-sectional images of an object, which can be reconstructed to create a three-dimensional model. It allows for non-destructive quantitative analysis of the density, geometry and microarchitecture of mineralized or high-density material, particularly bone and biomaterials stained with contrast chemicals. The reason the technique is called micro-computed tomography is that the pixels are in the micrometer range; much smaller than conventional clinical computed tomography (CT) scanners. However, with an increase in resolution comes a decrease in the field of view that can be imaged. This means that µCT can only be performed on small specimens such as human biopsies or animal bones.
We perform µCT scanning using two Scanco µCT40 scanners (Figure A). The Scanco µCT40 can obtain resolutions as low as 6 μm and can contain specimens up to 36 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length. The setup uses a cone-beam system for scanning and the X-ray source and detector remain stationary while the specimen is rotated.
A wide variety of results can be produced including:
- Trabecular bone analysis
- Cortical bone analysis
- 2D and 3D images
- Finite element analysis
Additional information on the specifications of our system can be found on the Scanco website.
If you are interested in our µCT services or collaborating, please contact Ara Nazarian. If possible, please fill out and include the CAOS µCT Requisition form. This form requests project details as well as contact and specimen information.
CT-based Structural Rigidity Analysis
We have developed and validated a technique called Computed Tomography-based Structural Rigidity Analysis (CTRA) in a series of ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments to monitor fracture risk associated with local (skeletal metastasis, fracture healing) and systemic (osteoporosis, osteomalacia) skeletal pathologies.
The axial (EA), bending (EI) and torsional (GJ) rigidities for each bone are calculated on each transaxial CT image through the bone using CTRA (Figure B). For each trans-axial image, EA, EI and GJ are calculated by summing the modulus-weighted area of each pixel within the bone contour by the position of the pixel relative to the centroid of the bone cross-section. The cross-section through the affected bone with the largest reduction in rigidity is considered the weakest link and is assumed to govern the failure behavior of the entire bone.
The density (ρ) of each pixel corresponding to bone is calculated from the CT images, using a hydroxyapatite calibration phantom to convert CT Hounsfield units to bone mineral density. The modulus of elasticity for trabecular bone is derived:
and the modulus for cortical bone was derived:
where the transition from trabecular bone to cortical bone was assumed to occur at an apparent density of 1.1 g.cm³. EA (axial rigidity) and EI (bending rigidity) were calculated using:
where x = distance to neutral axis, da = pixel area, X = coordinate of the modulus weighted centroid, which is also assumed to be the location of the neutral bending axis of the bone.
EA provides a measure of the bone's resistance to uniaxial loads; EI provides a measure of the bone's resistance to bending moments, and GJ provides a measure of the bone's resistance to torsional moments.
Please review relevant human and animal-based publications on this project below.
If you are interested in our CTRA analysis services or collaborating, please contact Ara Nazarian.
Although imaging is often used as a surrogate to evaluate bone fragility, direct measurements of mechanical strength are undoubtedly the gold standard for providing information about the mechanical integrity of bone. Destructive testing of a specimen provides a load-deformation curve that can provide many useful extrinsic properties, such as stiffness, ultimate strength, and displacement-to-failure. Alternatively, the load-deformation curve can be converted into a stress-strain curve that can provide intrinsic properties such as Young's modulus.
At our facility, we have access to a range of load frames that are capable of testing a wide range of specimens in various standard loading configurations. The smallest are handled by Synergie 200 (MTS Systems, Eden Prairie, MN) or Bose ElectroForce 3230 (Bose Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN). Larger specimens are tested on an Instron 8511 MTS (Instron, Norwood, MA). For the very largest specimens (such as human and bovine), we use an Interlaken Model 1331 (Interlaken Technology Corporation, Chaska, MN). These various systems can be outfitted with jigs to perform compression, tensile, bending, or torsional tests as required.
If you are interested in our µCT services or collaborating, please contact Ara Nazarian. Please fill out and include the CAOS Mechanical Testing Requisition form. This form requests project details as well as contact and specimen information. | <urn:uuid:4f00943e-63af-4399-9f38-b79c3028c5e6> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.bidmc.org/research/research-by-department/orthopedics-surgery/nazarian-lab/lab-services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258453.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525224929-20190526010929-00216.warc.gz | en | 0.911632 | 1,095 | 2.8125 | 3 |
when graphed, the equations x + 4y = n and 5x - 2y = 10 have the same y-intercept. what is the value of n?
x + 4y = n and 5x - 2y = 10
If we let x = 0 in the second equation, the y intercept is at (0, -5)
Then, subbing these values into the first equation for x and y we have that (0) + 4(-5) = n = -20
The graph here confirms this : https://www.desmos.com/calculator/dcugsajo7a | <urn:uuid:0d9a612d-f80c-4e1b-b994-9ad25c1eb312> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://web2.0calc.com/questions/finding-the-value-of-n | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105326.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819070335-20170819090335-00605.warc.gz | en | 0.903473 | 129 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Introduction to the ListView control
The ListView control is very commonly used in Windows applications, to represent lists of data. A great example of this is the file lists in Windows Explorer, where each file can be shown by its name and, if desired, with columns containing information about the size, last modification date and so on.
ListView in WPF vs. WinForms
If you have previously worked with WinForms, then you have a good idea about how practical the ListView is, but you should be aware that the ListView in WPF isn't used like the WinForms version. Once again the main difference is that while the WinForms ListView simply calls Windows API functions to render a common Windows ListView control, the WPF ListView is an independent control that doesn't rely on the Windows API.
The WPF ListView does use a ListViewItem class for its most basic items, but if you compare it to the WinForms version, you might start looking for properties like ImageIndex, Group and SubItems, but they're not there. The WPF ListView handles stuff like item images, groups and their sub items in a completely different way.
The ListView is a complex control, with lots of possibilities and especially in the WPF version, you get to customize it almost endlessly if you want to. For that reason, we have dedicated an entire category to all the ListView articles here on the site. Click on to the next article to get started. | <urn:uuid:04db31ad-bdf7-48ac-bce2-46e3cec0dc55> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.wpf-tutorial.com/listview-control/introduction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588244.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027212831-20211028002831-00256.warc.gz | en | 0.922448 | 309 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Across the United States and around the world, more children are getting sick and dying from preventable diseases because their parents are misinformed and choose to skip their vaccinations. But a NOVA documentary(pressroom.pbs.org) that will air Wednesday, Sept. 10, at 9 p.m. EDT on PBS (check your local listings) aims to set the record straight and help answer the questions these well-meaning -- if misguided -- parents bring to family physicians' offices every day.
Joumana Chandab poses with her healthy son, Osman, who battled pertussis as a 7-week-old infant in Melbourne, Australia.
According to a PBS news release(pressroom.pbs.org), Vaccines -- Calling the Shots(www.pbs.org) will answer the following questions for concerned parents: "How and why do vaccines work?" "What are the biggest concerns and misconceptions?" and "What are the risks to the child and society when people decide to forgo immunization?"
The hourlong broadcast explores the history and science behind vaccinations, tracks vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and explains the risks of opting out of scheduled immunizations. It also encourages parents to ask questions and use the best available evidence to make their vaccination decisions. The answers come from research scientists, pediatricians, psychologists, anthropologists, parents who are wrestling with vaccine-related questions and family physician Simon Fensterszaub, D.O., who practices at Quality Health Center in Brooklyn, N.Y.
What the Film Covers
More than 90 percent of Americans vaccinate their children, and most do so according to the recommended schedule. Yet many parents still have questions about the safety of vaccines, and at least 10 percent of them choose to delay or skip their children's shots.
- A NOVA documentary that will air Wednesday, Sept. 10, at 9 p.m. EDT on PBS aims to answer concerned parents' vaccination questions.
- The hourlong broadcast explores the history and science behind vaccinations, tracks vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and explains the risks of opting out of scheduled shots.
- The documentary features family physician Simon Fensterszaub, D.O., who saw the first confirmed case of measles during a 2013 outbreak in Brooklyn, N.Y.
Highlighting real cases and placing them in historical context, the film demonstrates just how fast diseases can spread when a community's immunity barrier breaks down. The documentary chronicles a 2013 measles outbreak in Brooklyn, N.Y., in which 58 people were infected, including two pregnant women. Fensterszaub, who has been practicing family medicine for six years, saw the first confirmed case of the highly contagious disease in his office.
By the time that first case at Quality Health Center was confirmed, two more sick patients had arrived for treatment, and, subsequently, many more cases presented. So Fensterszaub set up special evening hours to see patients who were suspected measles carriers.
"I started to get calls from other doctors' offices asking, 'Do you mind if we send over patients who we suspect have measles during your evening office hours?' Fensterszaub told AAFP News. "So we were like the hub. Because of that, the outbreak was controlled pretty quickly."
He said he hopes what happened with vaccine detractors in Brooklyn during and after the measles outbreak also happens as a result of the upcoming documentary.
"Every neighborhood has its vaccine refusers, and in our area, they were coming in to get vaccinated (with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine) during the outbreak," Fensterszaub said. "So that is what I am hoping the film will do -- alleviate everyone's fears and get them a little more comfortable with something we have been doing for 100 years."
Also in the film, Paul Offit, M.D., a pediatrician and infectious disease expert at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, offers his perspective on the vulnerable immune systems of young children, the history of vaccines, and how diseases re-emerge when immunization rates decrease.
Simon Fensterszaub, D.O., practices family medicine at Quality Health Center in Brooklyn, N.Y., where he saw the first confirmed case of measles during a 2013 outbreak.
A group of new mothers in San Francisco explain their concerns about adverse reactions to vaccination in the documentary. Brian Zikmund-Fisher, Ph.D., a psychologist and risk specialist at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, puts this risk in perspective: "You'd need about 10 football stadiums, each with 100,000 people, to find a single serious allergic reaction to a vaccine," he said in the news release.
The film also features Alison Singer, president of the Autism Science Foundation, and her daughter Jodie, who has autism. Singer cites the overwhelming scientific evidence refuting a link between vaccines and autism and discusses the lingering adverse effects of a long-discredited vaccine study on the public's perception of that so-called link. The documentary further explores the lack of an autism connection with new science from Daniel Geschwind, M.D., that reveals the disorder's genetic causes.
Finally, the film follows Amy Middleman, M.D., M.P.H., chief of adolescent medicine at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, as she consults with patients and their parents on the safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine.
Using the Film as a Conversation Starter
Vaccines -- Calling the Shots offers an opportunity for family physicians to broach the topic of vaccination with parents and patients.
Jennifer Frost, M.D., medical director for the AAFP Health of the Public and Science Division, said that parents who choose to not vaccinate think they are doing what is best for their child. But she hopes that exposure to the scientific facts about vaccines -- that they are safe and effective -- will convince parents that by not vaccinating, they are actually putting their children at risk.
She added that because PBS is generally a trusted source, having access to the film could aid physicians in educating parents who are somewhat leery of vaccines.
"I might recommend that vaccine-hesitant parents view it and then make a return visit for further discussion," Frost said. "Between the information in the film and a strong recommendation from their family physician, some patients may be convinced to protect their children from vaccine-preventable illnesses."
Related AAFP News Coverage
New Autism Screening Tools for Physicians Coincide With CDC Update | <urn:uuid:586cd12c-d3b8-4282-a6da-0b62129e7281> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.aafp.org/news/health-of-the-public/20140903novavaccdoc.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687333.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920161029-20170920181029-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.958362 | 1,334 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Dialogue | Are there risks associated with the production and consumption of genetically engineered (GE) salmon?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seems poised to approve salmon engineered by AquaBounty Technologies (ABT) using genetic material from an eel-like fish (the ocean pout) and a growth hormone from another species of salmon that will allow the engineered fish to grow twice as fast as conventional salmon.
Because this is the first-ever engineered food animal, the degree of risk is not well understood. Of primary concern is the harm that could result to wild salmon fisheries if GE salmon were to escape confinement. Engineered salmon could also be more allergenic than traditional salmon, and because the FDA is unlikely to require special labeling for GE salmon, consumers will have no way to distinguish it from non-GE salmon.
UCS and others in the scientific community have expressed concerns that these risks have not been properly assessed by either the FDA or ABT. For example, the FDA has yet to complete an environmental impact statement on the risks of GE salmon because it assumes the salmon would not escape ABT’s proposed containment facilities, and does not consider the possibility that future production facilities could lack secure containment.
Because ABT’s application sets a precedent for other GE food animals, it is critical that the FDA rigorously review every possible risk this GE salmon may pose to food supplies and ecosystems.
Also in this issue of Earthwise:
Save Water for a Cooler Climate | <urn:uuid:84348eb2-f297-408a-990d-9a2a74e9bc8d> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.ucsusa.org/publications/earthwise/dialogue-earthwise-fall-2011.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936464840.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074104-00065-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940202 | 304 | 3.140625 | 3 |
i wrote a program that calculates how many coins that a vending machine splits out and such, and it does work but i can't figure how it works. at the time, i was sure of the logic, but now i can't understand how this is possible.
change = (amountPaid - total); double dollars = change/1.0; double dollarReminder = change%1.0; //can't understand this part since the reminder would be 0 double quarters = dollarReminder/.25; double quarterReminder = dollarReminder%.25;
ok the above code only calculates the dollar and quarter amount. to get the dollar amount, i divide the change by 1. For example, the change is $5.25/1 = 5.25, 5 would be the amount of single dollar bills to be given. however, there is no reminder, but there is??? and the dollar reminder is needed for the quarter calculation and so on. but there is no reminder for the dollar b/c anything divided by 1 is itself! how did this program even worked?
Edited by plasticfood: n/a | <urn:uuid:6ae54fdf-49cf-4e11-b4b3-16e0bbe1af1c> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/326811/wrote-this-a-long-time-ago-now-not-sure-how-it-works | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257650764.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324171404-20180324191404-00361.warc.gz | en | 0.960018 | 230 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Over the past 20 years the opioid epidemic has washed over the country in waves. First came the arrival of OxyContin and the rapid spread of prescribed opioids in the late 1990s. Then came the migration from prescription pills to injected heroin. And finally, about five years ago, came fentanyl and a staggering rise in overdose deaths.
Each of these three overlapping waves was closely tied to a different form of opioid. Now, addiction experts talk of a cresting fourth wave in the epidemic: the widespread use of stimulants and other illicit drugs alongside opioids.
While combining opioids with other drugs is hardly new — people have been injecting mixtures of heroin and cocaine for more than a century — clinicians and researchers describe a worrisome increase in the number of people who are routinely supplementing opioids with drugs including methamphetamine, cocaine, and benzodiazepines.
This rise in polysubstance use (as it's known in the literature) is scary for several reasons. Although effective medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) exist, the lack of comparable treatments for stimulant addiction complicates the path to recovery for those using multiple substances. Combining opioids with other drugs also increases the risk of overdose, and it can change the physiology of overdoses in ways that may lower the effectiveness of the antidote naloxone.
Outrunning this wave of the epidemic will require a better understanding of the patterns and nuances of polysubstance use, tailored treatment approaches, and a redoubled focus on addressing underlying risk factors for addiction such as homelessness and mental illness, experts say.
"To get ahead of the wave, we have to deal with social issues and the social determinants of health," says Joshua Barocas, MD, an infectious diseases physician at Boston Medical Center (BMC) who specializes in the health complications stemming from addiction. "But at this point we're behind, and it's not for lack of trying."
A troubling new substance-use norm
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently highlighted what it calls a growing polysubstance landscape and specifically called out the combination of opioids and stimulants as a serious concern. In a nationwide analysis, the CDC reported that the rate of overdose deaths involving stimulants is poised to increase for the third straight year. The majority of those deaths also involved an opioid — a finding that echoed several previous local studies.
In a new analysis of overdose deaths and toxicology data in Massachusetts, Barocas and his colleagues from the Grayken Center for Addiction at BMC and the Boston University School of Medicine found that polysubstance use was the norm, not the exception. Just 17% of the more than 2,200 opioid-related deaths covered in the study were attributable to opioids alone. Of the remaining deaths, 36% included the presence of a stimulant and 46% included a nonstimulant drug (such as benzodiazepines) in addition to opioids.
Notably, the study is among the first to examine a wide range of social and demographic factors associated with polysubstance overdose deaths. City dwellers, non-Hispanic blacks, people with a mental health diagnosis, and people with recent homelessness were all more likely to have died with opioids and stimulants in their system than with opioids alone, the study found.
Untangling and explaining these associations is a tall task due to the number of variables involved, Barocas says. Local differences in the illicit drug supply, varying substance-use norms across communities, and the specific stresses that accompany homelessness or mental illness may all be part of the picture.
City dwellers, non-Hispanic blacks, people with a mental health diagnosis, and people with recent homelessness were all more likely to have died with opioids and stimulants in their system than with opioids alone.
Jessie Gaeta, MD, the medical director of the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, says that many of the homeless patients she sees who have severe OUD have habitually layered opioids with up to four sedatives — benzodiazepines, gabapentin, clonidine, and promethazine — in order to "check out of the toxic environment around them."
But now methamphetamine is increasingly being added to this cocktail, which Gaeta first described in a 2016 piece for Health Affairs. "Methamphetamines have arrived on the scene locally, in droves," she says. "I'm not saying it wasn't here before, but we'd rarely see it on toxicology screens or hear people telling us about it. But now it's almost the norm."
The problem with polysubstance use
Layering multiple drugs makes overdoses far more unpredictable, Gaeta says. A classic opioid overdose, she explains, is characterized by slow, shallow breathing and sedation — effects that can often be reversed by naloxone if help arrives before the heart stops. With other substances in the mix, however, depressed breathing is accompanied and sometimes preceded by dangerous drops in heart rate and blood pressure.
"The clinical overdose syndromes we're seeing are way more complex than typical opioid overdoses, and when we ask people why, and they tell us about what they're using, it's kind of shocking," she says.
The complexity of polysubstance use makes a one-size-fits-all solution all but impossible. Instead, providers must look beyond the available tools and develop tailored treatment programs, especially for populations that have historically been marginalized by the healthcare system, Barocas and his coauthors say.
For instance, medications for OUD such as buprenorphine — which will continue to play a critical role in harm reduction for anybody with OUD, Barocas stresses — may not be enough to stabilize people with multiple substance use disorders.
"We need to rapidly evolve the field of addiction treatment," Gaeta says. Treating OUD, she adds, "doesn't necessarily mean that the stimulant, benzodiazepine, and alcohol use disorders also go away. And it's sometimes a struggle to manage these other distinct addictions."
Evolving a new approach to treating substance use disorder
Given the limitations of available treatments, responding to the rise in polysubstance use will also require a focus on broader social forces, including the drug supply itself, Barocas says.
Much of the polysubstance use described in the recent literature is likely unintentional, stemming not from a desire to achieve a certain effect but rather from drug dealers insinuating fentanyl and other highly potent synthetic opioids into cocaine and other drugs, potentially in an effort to hook new users. Similarly, anecdotal reports suggest that dealers are beginning to cut heroin with methamphetamine.
The ever-evolving drug supply underscores the need for faster data that will provide a more accurate picture of trends in the street. Due to lags in collection and reporting, much of the data available to researchers and clinicians is months if not years old. The overdose deaths in Barocas' paper date back to 2015, for instance, and the CDC data stops in 2018.
New techniques for real-time monitoring of the drug supply, such as fentanyl test strips, are now in circulation and may help providers catch up. But data alone isn't enough, Barocas says. Providers and policymakers must also address the many social determinants of health that are contributing to the wave — housing and homelessness, but also the barriers that prevent people from accessing treatment for addiction and mental health issues.
"Knowing what people are being exposed to and what people are dying from is just the tip of the iceberg," Barocas says. "We have to ask hard questions that we don't have answers to. How do you house unhoused people? How do you maintain services for mental health care? These are larger social issues." | <urn:uuid:c3e56838-e9cb-4213-b850-72c6db818d38> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.bmc.org/healthcity/population-health/polysubstance-use-dangerous-fourth-wave-opioid-crisis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526408.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720024812-20190720050812-00136.warc.gz | en | 0.953303 | 1,585 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Lisa Klein’s Webster Thomas High School chemistry classroom is infested with moles.
But before you start questioning the extermination skills of the Thomas maintenance staff, let me add that every single one of these little burrowing mammals is an honored guest. For that matter, each one resides comfortably in the classroom’s mole condo.
And they’re all different in their own ways. There’s Sweetie Mole, for example, who gets offended if anyone tells him he looks like a sweet potato (which he does). And Flower Mole, who’s ashamed about being kind of ugly, so has to be regularly reassured that a mole’s true beauty comes from the inside.
But despite their differences, all these creatures have the same job: to make science fun.
The moles are not real, of course. They’re made from tin, wood, cloth, felt and cotton, many of them handcrafted by Klein herself, but most of them created by her students over the years. They’re just one weapon in Klein’s teaching arsenal to make learning chemistry more palatable for her Regents chemistry students. In particular, when Klein introduces a unit of measurement critical to chemistry called a “mole,” Sweetie Mole and Flower Mole and all of their friends take part in the lesson. (Check out the footnote at the end of this blog to learn what a “mole” is.)
Today, though, is extra special, a day when all the moles – big and small, fuzzy and metallic – take center stage. Today, Klein’s chemistry classes celebrate National Mole Day.
Yes, there really is such a thing (it began in 1991; check out the National Mole Day Foundation website here). Klein has been celebrating the occasion for many years, but it was only last year, she said, that “we did it up in a big way.” Last year’s festivities included reciting the Mole Pledge, singing mole songs the students had written, and enjoying cakes and mole-shaped cookies. She also required students to create t-shirts and posters. This year’s celebration will be very much the same, she says.
It’s all in good fun of course, a calculated attempt to make science more interesting. “Chemistry can be hard for a lot of kids,” Klein said, “so if you can have singing moles and dancing moles, it makes it a little more fun.”
And if the students should decide to donate some brand new moles to her collection, so much the better.
* * *
For those of you out there (like me) who are not chemistry nerds, here’s more information about moles and National Mole Day:
What is Mole Day?
Celebrated annually on October 23 from 6:02 a.m. to 6:02 p.m., Mole Day commemorates Avogadro’s Number (6.02 x 10^23), which is a basic measuring unit in chemistry. Mole Day was created as a way to foster interest in chemistry. Schools throughout the United States and around the world celebrate Mole Day with various activities related to chemistry and/or moles.
For a given molecule, one mole is a mass (in grams) whose number is equal to the atomic mass of the molecule. For example, the water molecule has an atomic mass of 18, therefore one mole of water weighs 18 grams. An atom of neon has an atomic mass of 20, therefore one mole of neon weighs 20 grams. In general, one mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s Number of molecules or atoms of that substance.
“Like” this blog on Facebook | <urn:uuid:c383a1dc-ef94-4200-9270-0cea72c3dad2> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://blogs.democratandchronicle.com/webster/?m=201110&paged=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929023.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00103-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942247 | 783 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Green Roof Vs. Cool Roof
Many cities have created goals to reduce their carbon footprint over the next couple of years. One way they have found to do this is through the roofs of buildings, i.e. “green” and “cool” roofs.
You might be wondering just what green roofs are, they refer to roofs that are covered either completely or partially with living plants. They have many benefits including protecting the roof from sunlight, reducing storm water runoff and pollution, reducing green house gas emissions, improving air quality and keeping buildings cooler, as plants absorb the majority of the sun’s energy. Green roofs contain a waterproof membrane, a drainage system, a thin layer of soil and, of course, plants. These types of roofs can be installed almost anywhere, including residential, commercial, educational and government buildings.
Green Roofs Report by NRDC found that green roofs in New York City were 60 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than regular black roofs. Furthermore, the report also explains that “green” roofs are either “extensive” or “intensive.” “Extensive” roofs have hardy, drought-tolerant plants that do not need fertilizers or pesticides and “intensive” green roofs mimic a park-like setting where there is no limit as to what plants or trees are installed. Of course there is more money and planning that goes into the “intensive” type roofs, but both provide the same benefits. In June 2007, it was determined that 6.6 million square feet of roofs have been either converted or were in the process of being converted into “green” roofs in the United States.
“Cool” roofs are made of materials that help reflect the sun’s energy, such as light-colored paints, roof tiles, coatings and shingles. They can be installed on all types of roofs including, flat or sloped roofs, commercial or residential buildings and new or old structures. They are able to keep roofs between 50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than traditional roofs and can help reduce energy use and green house gas emissions as well. They do not, however, reduce storm water runoff, help with water pollution or sequester carbon, and may cause buildings to require more heat during the winter months. “Green” roofs will actually help insulate buildings during the cold season. In order for buildings to become more environmentally friendly, “cool” roof systems can have additional structures to help capture storm water runoff, as well as help with insulation. “Green” roofs may have many more benefits, but “cool” roofs are still a better choice than traditional roofs.
“Green” roofs do not have to be expensive. Urban Design Tools: Low Impact Development states that the average cost for a “green” roof in the U.S. is “between $15 to $20 per square foot for all use types, i.e., high density, residential, commercial, industrial, etc.” In other countries, such as Germany, these costs range from $8 to $15 per square foot because “green” roofs are more common and a whole service industry was developed in order to install them. Perhaps as “green” roofs become more common, they will also become cheaper in the U.S.
Once the roof is created, very little maintenance is required. Plants may require some watering until they are fully developed. “Extensive” types sometimes contain a permanent drip tubing system so that water can run directly into the roots of the plants, taking care of those that may require regular watering. In order to decrease maintenance and survival of the plants, they should be selected based off of what type of environment they can withstand.
“Cool” roofs are even cheaper than green roofs, only costing $0.75 to $1.50 per square foot and a single-ply cool roof membrane usually ranges from $1.50 to $3 per square foot, according to EPA.Gov. It also claims that “cool” roofs can save $0.50 per square foot annually, while still taking into consideration the possibility of increased heating costs in the winter. Federal Tax Credits for Energy Star qualified that roofs and reflective asphalt shingles may also be given, allowing for additional tax savings.
In order to reduce the “urban heat island effect,” people are considering creative ways to turn their heat-absorbing roofs into landscapes or reflective devices. Creating a “green” or “cool” roof can help you save money and reduce your impact on the earth. They are becoming more and more common and are not very expensive. If you feel like a “green” or “cool” roof is too much work or money, perhaps you can start small by just turning your garage or shed into an eco-friendly roof. Any little bit helps and you might find it was not as hard or expensive as you thought.
You May Also Be Interested In These Stories
- Farm To Table: The Who’s Who Of The Culinary Scene
- Great Green Inventions From The Past 10 Years
- Going Green Without Spending The Green
- Food Uses You Never Knew Existed
Stephanie Siemek is a freelance writer whose work can be found on Examiner.com. | <urn:uuid:8c4718b6-f1a9-4bdf-ba11-0582a7a37b94> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2013/11/19/green-roof-vs-cool-roof/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500824391.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021344-00312-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967738 | 1,109 | 3.140625 | 3 |
September is Childhood Cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Awarenesses Month.
September is a time to honor, support and remember children affected by cancer and their families. Its ribbon is gold.
Leukemia refers to a group of cancers often beginning in a patient’s bone marrow creating a high number of underdeveloped white blood cells. Its ribbon is orange.
Lymphoma comes from lymphatic cells that produce blood cell tumors that become cancerous. Its ribbon is lime green.
Ovarian cancer causes are still not entirely understood. Some symptoms may include stomach pain, bloating, unusual bleeding and nausea. Its ribbon is teal.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer for men, after skin cancer. It is possible to successfully treat it though. In the US alone, there are millions of prostate cancer survivors. Its ribbon is light blue.
Please seek medical advice from your physician and take care. | <urn:uuid:dc228897-7eb6-4beb-8b33-ac8ee5346a1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.oncologysa.com/september-childhood-cancer-leukemia-lymphoma-ovarian-prostate-cancer-awarenesses-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689752.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923160736-20170923180736-00566.warc.gz | en | 0.956481 | 196 | 3.125 | 3 |
Proin tristique elit et augue varius pellentesque. Donec enim neque, vulputate et commodo in, tristique sed velit. Phasellus adipiscing faucibus felis eget hendrerit.
Today, both paper and pens are a ubiquitous and affordable resource. Pens may carry a cultural value when given as special gifts, yet others are discarded at the first sign of malfunction. Historians have tended to subsume the history of paper within printing and the mass production of books.
Rather than view changes in technology as progress, we hope to frame the reciprocal influences of this technology as “an agent of change without insisting that it works in isolation or in opposition to other aspects of culture”.
While the focus of this essay is on pen and paper, innumerous materials have been used to record information upon. Stone, metal, wood, wax, ostraca, clay tablets, papyrus, parchment, vellum, both rag and pulp papers have all been selected at various times as most appropriate. Writing tools have also taken many forms: brushes, reed pens, quills, fountain pens, ball point, etc.
Paper is essentially macerated fibers collected or pressed on flat surfaces. The first form of paper was developed in China roughly around the second century B.C.E. and was initially used for packaging, wrapping, clothes, toiletries, and functions other than writing.
Paper, traded as a commodity, made its way through the Islamic world to the west in the eighth century. It was only later produced in Europe by the twelfth century.
A tool can have a reciprocal influence upon the culture, both changing the culture and being shaped by the culture that adopts it. In the earliest forms of cuneiform writing, it has been found that over time “symbols lost detail and became increasingly abstracted”.
Tools and materials also experience changes as they change hands through trade. Early paper developed in Asia was soft, resembled toilet paper, and intended to be used on only one side. Europeans found this undesirable.
A new technology may turn out to become revolutionary, but it must exist and work within the existing world. Consider the reciprocal influences between paper and Gutenberg’s printing press. The paper and scribal inks used in quills were unsuitable for a press.
While we may marvel at the present digital world, education is still entrenched in the use of paper. Devices are making their way into the classroom but textbooks, worksheets, and three ring binders have yet to be significantly displaced. Just as the adoption of paper was due to its affordability, perhaps the cost of these alternatives is also the reason paper and pen remain the dominant technology. | <urn:uuid:3a23e446-182e-4964-aa5d-b642def0a474> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://motive.theme-sphere.com/2014/06/acer-aspire-with-retina-display/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741087.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20181112193627-20181112215627-00504.warc.gz | en | 0.957169 | 570 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The conveyor system is the first system that the player can access to transport items from one place to another. Together with the railway and the logistics network, it forms the logistics system of the alien factory.
Conveyor belts are specifically designed to transport items that do not consume energy. Conveyor belts can also interact with other objects such as players, vehicles, and bugs to increase or slow down movement.
Conveyor belt carrying flow
The four robotic arms can be used to cover this extremely fast conveyor belt, with two of the two robotic arms on the left side placed at one time and seven on the right side.
For efficiency, it is important to keep your traffic flowing. So you need to understand some concepts:
How fast the conveyor moves.
The tightness of the placement of the item on the conveyor belt.
Speed × Density describes how many items are available within a specified time.
Therefore, there are three possible ways to increase the carrying traffic:
Sometimes there is a gap between the two objects on the conveyor belt, but it is not large enough to hold a complete item. However, the intersection of the mining machine, the robotic arm, and the conveyor belt can still force an item into the gap, temporarily squeezing the items on the conveyor belt, and returning the space to the normal size when the item in front begins to move.
If the conveyor belt in the factory has reached the maximum density, you can upgrade to a higher speed. The first thing to do is to find the bottleneck. Generally speaking, it is not difficult to find that there will always be a local item on the conveyor belt that moves slowly on it (or does not move), or like a traffic jam, walk for a while. One paragraph. Once found, this is usually where the conveyor efficiency needs to be rectified and optimized.
More conveyor belts
Parallel construction of additional conveyor belts can achieve the purpose of increasing the flow. If you want to increase the flow of an item, you only need to place more conveyor belts to transport the item, but don't forget to use a balanced distributor to evenly distribute the load.
Sometimes in order to deal with alien attacks, fast moving is very important. Running on a conveyor belt will increase or decrease the player's movement speed depending on their level, so it may be important to build a conveyor belt that faces your defense.
However, the player is not the only individual who can move on the conveyor belt, and the alien worms can also be moved by the conveyor belt, which can be used to play with the bugs. First, the speed belt can be placed outwards in front of the wall so that it cannot easily touch the wall. Secondly, the conveyor can be transported inward, so that more turrets can simultaneously greet a bug.
Another useful method is to place the car on a conveyor belt. The car has an item bar, so it can be loaded and unloaded with a robotic arm. With this, the car can be used as a box on the conveyor belt. The advantage of this is that: first of all, the "box" has a high throughput capacity, and the second assembly arm can load and unload a group of items at one time without waiting for the conveyor belt to spread out slowly.
The shunt is another form of manipulating items. They occupy 2x1 grids and divide the items on the conveyor belt into two or two in one-to-one ratio. They are generally used to distribute items to two. On the conveyor belt, or to balance multiple conveyor belts.
At first glance, the mechanism of the shunt may be simple, but the shunt is definitely not as weak as you think, and its utilization is actually terrible.
The splitter has two conveyor input ports and two output ports. If one of the input ports receives the incoming item, it will evenly distribute the incoming items to the two output ports.
If one of the outlets is full and cannot be evenly distributed, it will output all the inputs to another outlet that is not full.
The shunt can also accept two port inputs and one port output.
The shunt does not change the state of the conveyor line, the items on the right line do not go to the left line, and vice versa.
The shunt can preferentially input/output items on one side, and click the shunt to open the setting interface for setting.
One of the two output ports of the splitter can be set to filter an item. This type of item will only be output from this port, and will not take another one. The exit of this side of the filter item will be output first.
When merging/separating the conveyor, the level of the splitter must be the same as the speed of the incoming conveyor, otherwise the splitter will become the bottleneck. | <urn:uuid:836c837c-f832-44e1-93d6-11fdec9f1662> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://m.xinbexbelting.com/news/conveyor-belt-barcode-scanning-system-20930053.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704798089.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20210126042704-20210126072704-00647.warc.gz | en | 0.930094 | 1,020 | 2.890625 | 3 |
A Regex or Regular Expression is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern. It’s mainly used for pattern matching. Each character in a regular expression is either understood to be a metacharacter -with it’s special meaning, or a regular character with it’s listeral meaning.
A basic understanding of regular expressions is recommended. For more information about the expressions and metacharacters which can be used, please refer to a regex cheat sheet. Various tools are available on the internet to test your regular expressions. For example: RegExPal.
Last week, I downloaded a custom workflow which executes a Search Engine optimization from CommVault Cloud.
The Search Engine optimization workflow brings the Search Engine offline, performs some maintenance activities on the Apache Lucene SOLR engine. Once completed, the search engine is brought back online. Below you can find a screenshot of the workflow.
When been executed, I noticed it stayed in the “run optimize” phase for about 25 minutes and the logs files remained remarkable empty. I decided to kill the job and check it on a later moment. (sorry I did not had the time to wait )
I recently started using Microsoft Azure to build my own personal playground. In the past I used to deploy everything on my desktop PC at home and honestly my resources were limiting me to do what I wanted. I thought about buying a server, but I was not really willing to do these kind of investments.
For other tech people out there, Microsoft has a “30 day/150 euro” free trial available. Go check it out!
One of the things I really wanted to do is test some things regarding ‘portability‘ from a backup perspective. My intention is to recover on premise machines to the public cloud (Microsoft Azure in this test case) by using backup & restore, migrate and synchronisation.
I was going to deploy a standard virtual machine and install everything manually, as it came to my attention a predefined CommVault Simpana Software appliance (version 10 SP8) was available in the Microsoft Azure marketplace. I decided to deploy this template, as the system will solely be used in a sandbox environment.
The configuration of a virtual network, storage account, resource group and any other shared services (such as Active Directory and DNS) are out of scope of this article.
The main reasons to perform a manual or custom install on a regular virtual machine are:
- The CommVault Simpana Software appliance uses a Microsoft SQL Server 2012 SP2 Express edition (version: 11.2.5058.0). The express edition is limited to a maximum of 1GB memory allocation for the database engine, a maximum size of 10GB per database and up to four cores or one socket.
- The CommVault Simpana SQL instance is locked down with only the sa-account (role = “sysadmin“) and the BUILTIN\Users (role = “public“). So in case you want full blown access onto the database, you need to request CommVault to unlock it or start hacking your way in.
- You want to change the installation path for the CommVault Simpana software. By default everything is installed onto the C-drive.
- Both versions support database mirroring which can be used as a disaster recovery mechanism for the CommVault Simpana backup environment.
- Update 3-MAY-2015: The commVault Operations Manager is not installed by default on the virtual machine. The Operations Manager allows some advanced features such as “Virtualize Me!” and “VM lifecycle management“. Manual installation is possible by using the Software Cache SetupAll.exe.
- Update 3-MAY-2015: the webconsole (http://localhost/webconsole) configuration still points to the template virtual machine hostname (“csmaexpress”). To get it to work, you need to change the following registry keys:
- “HKLM\Software\CommVault Systems\Galaxy\Instance01\Webconsole\ sZDM2WEBSERVERHOSTNAME“
- “HKLM\Software\CommVault Systems\Galaxy\Instance01\CustomReportsEngine\ sZCRENGINEWEBSERVERHOSTNAME”
- “HKLM\Software\CommVault Systems\Galaxy\Instance01\JobInfo\ sWebConsoleUrl“
to include the right hostname. Additionally also alter the webconsole configuration file “C:\Program Files\CommVault\Simpana\WebConsole\WEB-INF\classes\config.properties“.
Please note, CommVault does not allow the Simpana databases to be stored on a consolidated server. These need to be stored on the local system for best performance, business continuity (“chicken or the egg principle“) and disaster recovery tolerance. | <urn:uuid:2ae5708d-318c-4e92-9494-07bbf930a089> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | http://dynamic-datacenter.be/?tag=commvault-simpana | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371660550.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406200320-20200406230820-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.868848 | 1,037 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Genes that cause PKD could also make you more susceptible to seizures in the brain
Review written by Phillip Bokinic
PhD Candidate, Macquarie University
Cells can sense changes in their external environment through a tiny hair-like antenna known as “cilia”. Within the kidney, these sensory antennae are tightly linked to the development of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), as the disrupted genes that cause PKD are all proteins that are expressed in cilia or linked to cilia function, hence the reason PKD is part of a group of diseases called ciliopathies. Recently, a link between cilia on nerves and PKD-related genes has been found in the brain. Published in Human Molecular Genetics, Jing Zhou’s team from Harvard Medical School in Boston have discovered how two proteins found on cilia in the brain can control the activity of a nerve and critically, predispose the brain to epilepsy (1).
First, the team showed that in cilia on the nerves of the brain, a cilia protein that allows calcium to enter the cell (Polycystin-L (PCL)) is linked to a receptor (beta-2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR)), that is known to control the activity of neurons. Using a technique that identifies whether two proteins interact with each other (immunoprecipitation), the team found that PCL and β2AR do interact and likely function as a unit, suggesting that cilia can control nerve activity. They then created genetically modified (knock out) mice that lacked the PCL protein, and were able to show that these mice had less β2AR in the cilia of the brain. Critically, they also found these PCL knock out mice were more likely to have seizures, due to a massive reduction of a second messenger protein used by nerve cells called cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).
So while studies focused on the kidney have shown that cilia are involved in PKD, this is the first work to show that faulty cilia could also affect the activity of the brain. This exciting discovery shows how critical cilia are to individual cell function, be it in the kidney or the brain, and importantly, may be discovery that allows the development of new treatments for epilepsy.
1. Yao, G., Luo, C., Harvey, M., Wu, M., Schreiber, T. H., Du, Y., Basora, N., Su, X., Contreras, D., and Zhou, J. (2016) Disruption of polycystin-L causes hippocampal and thalamocortical hyperexcitability. Hum Mol Genet 25, 448-458
Email the author: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:9f2bf3f6-4fa5-4df4-9077-b55dd0475708> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://pkdaustralia.org/two-birds-with-one-cilium-pkd-and-epilepsy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320299852.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220116093137-20220116123137-00124.warc.gz | en | 0.942994 | 582 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Warship Radar Able To Detect A Tennis Ball 24km Away Moving At The Speed Of Sound
Mar 06, 2013 12:26
Radars are getting extremely high tech. This one here will be able to detect a tennis ball some 24 kilometers away, while it's moving at three times the speed of sound no less!
UK's HMS Iron Duke will have the chance to work when it returns to service next year. Developed by BAE Systems for use on the Navy's Type 23 frigates, it is five times more efficient that current technology. Why aren't all warships using this, we wonder.
The radar can track up to 800 things that are moving simultaneously with a range of 200m to 200km. | <urn:uuid:f7e5fb4d-2ff9-4c50-a239-50a5119f13f9> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://fooyoh.com/geekapolis_gadgets_wishlist/8336265 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860121976.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161521-00031-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925248 | 146 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Answers to frequently asked questions with Flow in the Classroom.
What is Flow in the Classroom?
The word "flow" is used to describe a person who performs at their ideal performance state. When you are in flow, you are totally absorbed in your activity and playing at your best. The context was originally described for athletes who play in peak performance or what most athletes call being «in the zone». Flow in the classroom can be used to describe a student who perform at their best level. The word was originally researched by Csikszentmihalyi as early as 1996 and can also be experienced in different walks of life such as a student or person.
How can you work with a student without being in front of them?
Online tutoring is gaining in popularity and has produced very good results for many students. Flow in Sports tutoring is a great opportunity for students who can not meet face-to-face with a tutor or who do not want the expense of travel. You work closely with your online tutor to improve your grades but you do it from the comfort of your own home or from any location and on your own time.
What are the advantages of getting an online tutor?
By getting Flow in Sports tutoring, your son or daughter can ask questions without being shy or having the fear of being embarrassed. It is a convenient way (from the comfort of your child's home) to get help in school in a variety of subjects with 1) homework, 2) test preparation and 3) exams. With chatting software, you also have the ability to see and hear your tutor working on the homework. It is like seeing a blackboard appearing on your computer screen! Minimum computer hardware and software is necessary. Ask us for more details.
Getting Flow in Sports tutoring is in excellent opportunity for students who are struggling in school or those students who want to archive even better grades. Do not miss this opportunity to work with an experienced teacher.
What if I don't have popular free software such as the MSN messenger, yahoo!, skype or AOL. How can I get it?
You can download these popular chatting software for free. This facilitates communication between the online tutor and the student. Your online tutor Lior Doron prefers using MSN as it allows more flexibility and the ability to share application what looks like a "black board". You can downlaod the MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, skype, or AOL instant messagnger. for free.
What is the online tutor's identification or ID for instant messaging?
In order to communicate with your online tutor, you will need his identification or ID. For msn, and skype and yahoo! use ldoronflowinsports as the ID. For AOL users, flowinsports is the ID.
How can my son or daughter take most advantages of your tutoring sessions?
Lior Doron prefers to use skype as the online source to tutor. With a few clicks, you can see live video and hear audio of solutions to your questions. If you can have a similar set-up that would be idea. The best thing to do is to give it a try for free or fill out the free consultation request form.
What is a flow minute and are their differences between using a phone, chatting or video meeting consultation session?
Flow minutes is tutoring time. No, there are no differences in the type of consulting purchased whether it be by phone, email or live chatting software.
I feel uncomfortable talking on the phone. Can I receive online tutoring via chatting software or email exchange only. If so, what is the price?
Yes, you can. Tutoring with your online tutor can be facilitated via email. Here you can exchange emails and have your questions answered. Time is deducted by the amount of time that your tutor composes and reads email. Generally, email solutions are $1 a question and can be more expensive if the question requires more time. We also offer other specials. For the different types of tutor packages, click here.
What kind of payments are accepted?
Flow in Sports accepts payments through paypal which accepts Visa, Master card and American Express. You do not need to be a member of paypal in order to send money. We also accept money orders and certified cheques. Once authorized payments have been received, members take advantage of the Flow in Sports tutoring packages. You can go to the payment page and buy a package that best fits your needs by clicking here.
What exactly is included in Flow in Sports tutoring?
Online tutoring sessions over the phone and / or live chatting using popular software such as MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger or skype.
Email correspondence in which you communicate questions to your tutor and get responses promptly.
A prescription for improving your grades in school.
Help with your homework so that you better understand your homework assignments so that you eventually perform better on tests and exams.
How long are the tutoring sessions or the membership packages?
It depends how long you are committed to improving your grades in school. The more consulting time you get or flow minutes, the better rate per hour you receive. Click here to review the packages offered.
Can I contact my online tutor and receive answers to my questions for free?
Yes, we offer answers to your questions for free as a one-time offer. There are several ways to do this. Click here to get your first question answered. Thereafter, we ask that you register and subscribe to one of our tutoring packages.
How do I know how much time I have left?
Just ask and your online tutor will let you know! Time is calculated by the minute. For example, if you have 48 minutes left and ask a quick question to your online tutor that takes 45 seconds, you now have 47 minutes left of online tutoring.
What do I need to know about the expiration date?
When you buy any flow tutoring time such as phone, instant messaging or email, you have three months to use it. Otherwise, your flow minutes are no longer valid and expires.
What happens if I do not use all my flow minutes during the three month expiration date?
When you subscribe to flow in sports or buy flow minutes to discuss creating, recreating and maintaining flow in the classroom, you have three months to use your minutes. Unfortunately, unused minutes after the three months period are lost.
How can I avoid losing my flow minutes or consulting time?
To avoid losing your flow minutes or consulting time, you may purchase additional flow minutes so that you do not lose tutoring time. For example, you have purchased 600 minutes but have not used all the time and are approaching the three month expiration date. To avoid losing this time, you may purchase any other memberships which 1) automatically extends your membership by three more months and 2) automatically adds the number of minutes which would have expired to the number of flow minutes to your new membership.
When will I be told that I am running out of flow minutes? If I am using the phone or the internet as a tutoring session, will our conversation suddenly stop?
No your session will not suddenly stop. We try and put a closure to all sessions so that students are able to tackle the next set of questions or feel ready for the next challenge. You will be told that you are running out of time at least an hour before a consulting session should end, depending on the type of membership purchased. Flow in Sports will do the best to put a proper closure to the conversation so that you feel ready and up for your next challenge.
Can I share or transfer some consulting time with another athlete?
No, when you buy flow minutes, this is purchased for your benefits and is not meant to be transferred to someone else.
Will you be giving my son or daughter homework?
Generally, homework is given to students so that practice can be rehearsed and the concepts discussed are mastered. I know that's not the answer most students want to hear :)
I am interested in telling a fellow student, teacher or parent about your site. Do you offer any rewards if I do?
Absolutely. We are happy that you are enjoying what Flow in Sports tutoring has to offer and appreciate your work in helping us pass the word around. As a fan of Flow in Sports tutoring, you realize how important school work is and getting a good tutor. You would like to tell someone else and feel that you should be rewarded as well. We agree 100% and that is why flow in sports understands the value of word of mouth and as such if you tell a fellow student, teacher or parent about us and they subscribe to any of our services, we offer to reduce your rate by 50% for each package that your friend subscribed. For example, a fellow student has subscribed to a 600 minutes of flow tutoring, you would get 50% off your next purchase of this service or anything of lesser value. This offer is good for seven days after payment has been received and the tutoring time will be valid for three months. If you can refer us many students or know of teachers who may be interested in using our services within their classroom structure, flow in sports would like to hear from you! Email or call us at 1.877.778.FLOW (3569).
I am concerned about a tutor chatting with my son or daughter. I would like to know what was discussed. Can I find out?
Absolutely. We understand your concern about chatting over the internet and the safety associated with this. By chatting with most software's such as MSN or Yahoo!, you can simply see the messages that are exchanged. You may also decide to save theses messages as often important information is presented which may be needed at a later time.
What does my son or daughter need to bring when he / she starts a tutoring session?
For a typical course, here is what is required by the student.
1) Loose leaf
2) Graph paper (if needed)
3) Pencil, blue and red pen, 2 different colour highlighters & eraser... you can put all this in a nice pencil case :)
4) Your binder from class
5) Dividers (to organize your binder). Usually 6 of these are ideal.
6) Text book
7) Scientific calculator (if necessary)
8) Positive attitute :)
What do I need to know about personal tutoring in Montreal?
Whether you are receiving tutoring sessions at home or in the case that Lior Doron comes to see you, please be on time and ready to work. In case you are going to cancel a tutoring session, please advise us at least 48 hours in advance to avoid the cancellation fees - or the cost of the lesson. If you want to save money on your tutoring sessions, click here to find out how.
How do I get started?
Flow in Sports offers online and personal tutoring in three easy steps.
2) Pay. (Look for the right package for you).
3) Reserve a tutoring session via email or call toll free 1.877.778 (FLOW) 3569 or call local 514.337.6252 to reserve (usually two days in advance). Often what works best is to set schedule i.e. Every Saturday at 1pm or Tuesday's and Thursday's at 4pm. Some parents prefer to have tutoring sessions three times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Saturday). This depends entirely up to how much improvement is needed by a student (and how "at risk" a student is. It may be safer to get more tutoring sessions at the beginning and once the student's marks improve and the right work habits are instilled then the tutoring sessions become less frequent and may eventually stop. Often tutoring sessions can take place once in a while just to get a "tune up" and reinforce good study habits and to better prepare for tests or exams.
Interested in donating to Flow in Sports as a thank-you for the various services offered? Click below and thank you for your support!
Sponsor Flow in Sports
Game Time Coaching Hours
24 hours a day / 7 days a week
You should reserve your sessions one month in advance or pre-plan meeting times to avoid disappointment | <urn:uuid:0e69c8ee-c399-49e8-9ca4-69e64fbe62d7> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://www.flowinsports.com/faqclassroom.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986655864.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015032537-20191015060037-00018.warc.gz | en | 0.948509 | 2,535 | 2.703125 | 3 |
What Is the Gig Economy?
In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend to hire independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees. A gig economy ruins the traditional economy of full-time workers who often focus on their career development. For Examples – Food delivery boys, uber/ola cab drivers, musicians, photographers, construction workers, on-demand workers etc. This kind of freelance work market is called a gig economy.
How the Gig Economy Works?
Each individual gig or assignment usually accounts for only a part of gig worker’s total income. By combining several tasks for different companies, gig workers can realize cumulative earnings equal to those of conventional full-time jobs. For example, some gig workers drive their cars for both Uber and Lyft, along with renting out rooms in their homes through Airbnb. Other people simply use gig jobs to supplement their regular income.
The rise of the gig economy has changed the way we work forever
More and more people are turning to the gig economy as a way to make extra cash, or even earn a living. But where did this meteoric growth come from? A few factors went into making the gig economy so easy to enter. Let’s unpack the main drivers behind the rise of the gig economy.
The 2008 economic crisis
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, many people were either unemployed or underemployed. As a result, the demand for temporary work grew exponentially as individuals were looking for ways to replace or supplement their income. As more people became familiar with the gig economy, gig work became normalized on a larger scale.
The rapid increase in digital technologies
Thanks to the internet, a gig worker is able to find work anywhere in the world. Physical geography is no longer a factor when it comes to finding the right people to work with—whether you’re a freelance illustrator looking for an author, or an agency on the hunt for an SEO specialist to help with a big project.
In addition, cutting-edge technology has resulted in the creation of digital, often app-based, gig economy platforms that link consumers directly with workers.
The global COVID-19 pandemic
Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, gig economy workers have become essential for providing a sense of normality and keeping services running that otherwise wouldn’t have survived the crisis. From vital contactless food and medicine deliveries to online teaching services, gig workers have offered much-needed assistance during lockdowns all over the world.
Benefits of the gig economy
- Autonomy for workers.
- Flexible work hours.
- Rewards for hard work.
- Fewer costs for companies
Challenges of the gig economy
- Not having your pension, health insurance, paid sick leave, or paid holiday covered by your employer.
- Minimal job security with regard to redundancy packages or dismissal notice periods.
- Some gig workers overwork in order to earn decent money. Several gig workers complain of burnout.
In conclusion, the gig economy will continue to rise at a rapid rate in the coming days for good. It can compensate for the high unemployment rates in India. It’s a good thing that the gig workers are officially recognised and brought under the ambit of social security schemes. Working on the challenges of the gig economy to improve the working conditions is the need of the hour | <urn:uuid:da29a235-f6a7-4c5e-8b93-f87f3e71506a> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://datacyper.com/the-rise-of-the-gig-economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335058.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927194248-20220927224248-00210.warc.gz | en | 0.945694 | 698 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Earth Observatory Blog
Magnetic Anomalies in the Wharton Basin (Part 2 of 2)
One of the root causes of all this activity could be the age of the lithosphere, that ever-spreading, always-moving seafloor crust. “South of eastern Java,” Dr Dyment said, pointing to a brightly coloured map on his computer, “the lithosphere is about 120 million years old. South of western Java, it’s younger, maybe 80 million years old. But alongside Sumatra, the crust is much younger, as young as 45 million years old. And then, of course, on the other side of that, things start aging again.
"This not only means that the lithosphere plunging under Sumatra and Java is not of the same age, it is also not of the same buoyancy. Old crust is cold, so it subducts relatively smoothly, but close to central Sumatra, the crust is much younger, warmer, and buoyant, so it resists subduction, which may be why we have been getting so many of these big earthquakes.”
In fact, if you look at Dr Dyment’s map, you can see this resistance expressed in the curve of the subduction-zone line just west of the Mentawai Islands. One can imagine the buoyant warmer lithosphere have more trouble plunging into the earth than the areas to the north and south. In this context, earthquakes are not just a result of fault lines and subduction zones — they are also a product of the descending lithosphere’s age.
In the Wharton Basin, one other condition may be coming into play, and that is the diffused plate boundary that lies within the Indo-Australian plate, a zone of perhaps 1,000 kilometres (km) in width. To the north is the Indian Plate, which has been halted in its collision with Eurasia, creating the Himalayas. To the southeast is the Australian plate, which continues to subduct under Sumatra. But the Australian plate’s proximity to the Indian plate is also forcing the Australian plate to turn slowly clockwise on an axis point, or pole, located roughly 1,000 km south of the southern tip of India.
“The recent large earthquakes may be evidence that the Indo-Australian plate is breaking apart,” Dr Dyment said, “and that may mean that the diffused plate boundary we were speaking about earlier may not be so diffused after all.”
I asked Dr Dyment if perhaps the Wharton Basin’s history as a former spreading centre is part of the geological equation. “I don’t think the former spreading centre in the Wharton Basin is playing a particular role,” he replied, “but I could be wrong. It is certainly something to be investigated. Rather, I think the activity is simply getting more focused in the Wharton Basin because we are far away from the pole of the plate’s rotation.
"Because this area of the plate is experiencing more motion, that results in more deformation. And where you have more deformation, there is a greater chance that we could be seeing the start of a new, undiffused, plate boundary. That’s my best guess,” he added, “but it is just a guess. That’s why we are taking this cruise.”
Click here for Part 1.
To continue to follow the progress of MIRAGE, please check the EOS blog throughout the month of July, and spread the word using #MIRAGEcruise.
All photographs are taken by Ben Marks, unless otherwise stated. | <urn:uuid:638fe543-f8eb-4d74-9673-9eac16545a24> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.earthobservatory.sg/blog/magnetic-anomalies-wharton-basin-part-2-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301217.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119003144-20220119033144-00217.warc.gz | en | 0.959342 | 767 | 3.453125 | 3 |
The Magical Kunlun and "Devil Slaves": Chinese Perceptions of Dark-skinned People and Africa before 1500
by Julie Wilensky
Historians have not yet established the precise date of the first contacts between the Chinese and African peoples Moreover, the available sources make it impossible to calculate exactly how many Chinese people traveled to Africa or how many Africans went to China in premodern times. What Chinese sources do reveal, however, is how Chinese people viewed those with dark skin and how these perceptions changed over time, reflecting first what Chinese people imagined, and later, what they knew about African countries and their inhabitants. Perceptions changed as knowledge and exploration of the countries and peoples of Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and East Africa increased. This essay examines a combination of nonfiction accounts, fictional literature, geographical sources, and travel diaries from the Tang (618-907) to the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) to analyze the shifts in Chinese perceptions of people with dark skin and Chinese knowledge of Africa and Africans.
Beginning in the Tang dynasty, Arab traders brought a number of East African slaves to China. Although historians have studied the African slave trade extensively, particularly the export of West African slaves to the Americas after 1500, a much smaller body of research focuses on the premodern East African slave trade, and fewer sources still mention black slaves in China. From the eighth to the fourteenth centuries; the Arabs controlled this vast slave trade, which stretched not only along the entire coast of East Africa and throughout the Arab world but as far east as China. Black slaves were just one of many commodities in the Arabs' large-scale maritime trade with China, which peaked during the Tang and Song dynasty (960-1275). The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書 (Former Tang history) mentions that the Arabs sent delegates to the Chinese court in 651, marking the first recorded official contact between the Chinese government and the Arab caliphate. By the ninth century, a sizable community of Arabs lived in Guangzhou, and the local residents could have seen African slaves on trading ships and in Arab homes. Some wealthy Chinese people even owned African slaves, whom they used as doorkeepers.
The first chapter of this paper seeks to explain how Chinese people perceived these black slaves by analyzing representations of people with dark skin in fictional and nonfiction sources from the fifth century through the Song dynasty, tracing the evolution of the meanings and connotations of the term kunlun 崑崙.This mysterious and poorly understood word first applied to dark-skinned Chinese and then expanded over time to encompass multiple meanings, all connoting dark skin. This chapter examines the meaning of the term kunlun in nonfiction before and during the Tang; fictional tales about magical, superhuman kunlun slaves from the Tang fiction compendium Taiping guangji 太平廣記 (Extensive Gleanings of the Reign of Great Tranquility); and finally, representations of the kunlun from a nonfiction writer from the Song, Zhu Yu.
Although fictional portrayals do not necessarily provide information about what actual African slaves experienced in China, fiction is a valuable source because its popularity reveals widespread cultural perceptions of people with dark skin. Histories and other nonfiction accounts, on the other hand, indicate how some Chinese viewed these people with dark skin, but it can be difficult to determine the readership and popularity of these sources because the information they contain does not seem to have reached a wider audience.
Were these Tang and Song images of the kunlun based on direct contact between Chinese and African peoples? When did the Chinese make a conceptual link between the kunlun slaves in China and the countries and peoples of East Africa? The second chapter addresses these questions by examining Chinese histories and geographies from the Tang and Song that describe African countries and their inhabitants. The answer to the first question is straightforward: a few Chinese may have visited Africa during this time, but most, if not all, Chinese knowledge about Africa and Africans came from the Arabs, who brought specific geographic knowledge of the countries along the maritime trade route between East Africa and China. Most of the Chinese descriptions of Africa were compiled by authors who never left China and gleaned their information about foreign countries and peoples from Arab traders living in China. Regardless of whether these accounts indicate direct contact between Chinese and African people in the Tang and Song, however, they reveal Chinese historians and geographers' increasing knowledge of Africa and Africans. This new knowledge allowed the Chinese to make a connection between the kunlun slaves in China and the East African slave trade.
Once the Chinese made this connection between the kunlun and the African slave trade, did the meaning of the word kunlun shift again? And how did China's maritime exploration of the East African coast in the early fifteenth century affect Chinese perceptions of African countries and their inhabitants? The third chapter; will examine two travel accounts from the Yuan and Ming dynasties that describe the authors' travels to Africa. We do not know how many Chinese read Song and Yuan accounts of Africa and Africans, but educated Chinese people most likely knew of China's maritime exploration in the early fifteenth century. The voyages of the Muslim admiral Zheng He and his fleet provide the first documented evidence of large groups of Chinese traveling to Africa. Firsthand accounts of these trips were reprinted several times in the fifteenth century, suggesting that they were widely read. Examining these accounts -- and one play written in the late sixteenth century -- will reveal whether Chinese perceptions of Africa and Africans changed significantly once the Chinese began large-scale maritime exploration of the East African coast.
Chinese knowledge of African countries and their inhabitants was not always consistent throughout a given time period, however. Information about foreign countries and their inhabitants did not always reach the same audiences at the same time, and Chinese knowledge of Africa did not just increase consistently over time. Contemporary sources sometimes report conflicting information, revealing a complex picture of Chinese perceptions of people with dark skin and Africa before 1500.include '../includes/navbar.html'; ?> include '../includes/footer.html'; ?> | <urn:uuid:28955eb9-603d-4346-b200-ac234fc5529f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sino-platonic.org/abstracts/spp122_chinese_africans.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949888 | 1,267 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Ask a QuestionHere are the questions asked by community members. Read on to see the answers provided by the ThriftyFun community or ask a new question.
Hardiness Zone: 5b
Thanks for reading,
Dee49 from PA
Leaves contain a flavonoid called Anthocyanin, which functions to provide the colors we see in flowers and fruit. In some plants, it is also thought to protect leaves from ultraviolet radiation. (In other plants, it's thought to repel browsing herbivores!) Leaves also contain carotenoids called Xanthophylls. These also help absorb and dissipate any damaging excess light energy that cannot be harvested by the leave's chloroplasts and turned into food.
The red leaves on your cactus are an indicator that it has suffered sunburn. This could be from sudden exposure to excess light, or due to the fact that it lacks the nutrients necessary to help filter out the damaging ultraviolet light.
Check to see that it isn't pot bound, which can effect the root's ability to take up nutrients. As long as it's not pot bound, a boost of fertilizer will probably be enough to turn the leaves back to green again.
i do believe that is your bloom.
I think the red leaves on your Christmas Catus is sunburn. I have mine in the south window, in the winter the sun is hot and the leaves get red. In the winter time they get green again.I think they are pretty that way.
I also have noticed red ends on my Christmas cactus plant that I have outside now on my deck. I've never seen this before and have been wondering what it might be.
On mine, the new leaves are red and then turn green. Also, could be the blooms although I think you would know a bloom. | <urn:uuid:33dac9c8-9463-46a0-947a-febef264f6bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.thriftyfun.com/tf74549545.tip.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948512121.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20171211033436-20171211053436-00779.warc.gz | en | 0.972187 | 375 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The next full moon is happening on Wednesday 2 September, and this one is known as the Corn Moon. This moon was a sign it was time to harvest the corn.
This moon could get confusing as it may also be called the Harvest Moon, and also the moon that happens closet to the autumnal equinox. Depending on the year and once the stage of the moon drops, it can be both.
More frequently than not, the September full moon is well known by the nickname”harvest moon” since this is the prime harvest season for both corn and other crops. However, 2020 happens to be among those off-years, in which the moon is a bit out of whack.
Hence the complete moon that will be shining in the night sky this week is going to be called the corn moon. The harvest moon nickname will be earmarked for the next full moon, which appears on Oct. 1.
Which is going to be the first of two full moons in October 2020 — hence the next one will be considered a blue moon, which makes a rare appearance on Halloween.
What’s a Corn Moon?
Back in September, you’ll have the ability to observe a full moon which is decorated with crimson hues.
It’s known as the”Corn Moon” because from the 1930s, the Maine Farmer’s Almanac first printed Native American names for the full moons, together with these titles getting widely known and used.
According to this almanac, Nasa statesthat the Algonquin tribes”called this the Corn Moon, since this is the time for gathering their main staple crops of corn, pumpkins, squash, beans, and wild rice”.
The September full moon can be occasionally called the Fruit Moon, Barley Moon and also even the Hungry Ghost Moon.
The September full moon is usually called the Harvest Moon because it is normally the closest full moon to the autumn equinox. Every third year however, a full moon comes in October that's even closer, making the September full moon a Corn Moon. Full Corn Moon is Wed 1:22 AM https://t.co/iPWD6ZgtTc— John Hickey (@JohnWNEP) September 1, 2020
The names’Fruit Moon’ and’Barley Moon’ come from the good time of year of this complete moon – in the end of summer when lots of fruits ripen and harvesting takes place.
It’s also known as the Hungry Ghost Moon since the time that the moon looks contrasts with the Chinese Hungry Ghost Festival.
The seventh month of the calendar is the Ghost Month and the 15th day of the month (a full moon day) is known as Ghost Day, when ghosts and spirits come out to go to the living.
When to see that the September full moon
The skies will soon be formally full at 1:22 a.m. on Wednesday, Sept 2, and also the ideal time to view it’s when it begins to rise in the eastern sky.
It’ll look its biggest and cleverest Tuesday night (99% complete ), Wednesday night (100% total ) and Thursday night (98% total ). If you are an early riser, do not forget to search for the moon as it sets into the western skies.
For Your moonrise and moonset times in your city, check TimeAndDate.com.
Total moon – harvest moon
The entire moon of September is occasionally known as the”corn moon,” and this is only one of these years.Pixabay
Exactly why the harvest moon isn’t in September
The crop moon nickname becomes changed between September and October every few years, depending on which moon seems closest to the date of this autumn equinox, the official start of the autumn season. The equinox occurs when the sun rises directly on the equator, bringing an almost equivalent amount of daylight and darkness hours in the southern and northern hemispheres on that day. Consequently, the October full moon of 2017 has been called the harvest moon and the September full moon captured the corn moon nickname.
Since the Harvest Moon and Corn Moon are different this season, the Harvest Moon will be the upcoming full moon set to appear on October 1.
The exact same issue is occurring this season. The autumn equinox will even occur on Sept. 22, which is closer fo that the Oct. 1 full moon than the Sept. 2 full moon. So the early October full moon will find the harvest moon nickname, although the September full moon will be known as the corn moon.
In 2018 and 2019, fall started closer into the September full moon than the October full moon, so the September moon transported its traditional harvest moon nickname.
Other nicknames for the September full moon
As mentioned above, depending on how close to the fall equinox the September moon turns complete — it is occasionally known as the”corn moon” rather than this harvest moon. Some native American tribes call it that the wheat moon,”because it’s the opportunity to harvest and thresh the ripened barley,” the Old Farmer’s Almanac says.
A few other nicknames are thrown into the mix with this month’s moon.
Space.com says that the September full moon was known as the”declining leaves moon” among the Ojibwe tribe at the Great Lakes region and also had two other nicknames:”The Cree of Ontario called the September full moon that the rutting moon because it was once lots of creatures started mating (notably( deer).
In the Pacific Northwest, the Haida predicted it that the cedar bark moon, according to the’Tlingit Moon and Tide Teaching Resource’ released from the University of Alaska in Fairbanks.”
Hope you’re ready for a tiny full moon pleasure, since the September 2020 entire moon — also known as the corn moon — is still taking place late at the night of September 1 (or the wee hours of this afternoon, if you’re on eastern time), and it will be putting on a long time for those who know where to look. And since it’s the ultimate full moon of this summertime, you will not need to miss it.
13 full moons in 2020
These are the dates and times of each full moon appearing in 2020, along with the most popular nicknames. The times are in the Eastern time zone in the United States.
|Jan. 10||2:21 p.m.||wolf moon|
|Feb. 9||2:33 a.m.||snow moon|
|March 9||1:47 p.m.||worm moon / supermoon|
|April 7||10:35 p.m.||pink moon / supermoon|
|May 7||6:45 a.m.||flower moon|
|June 5||3:12 p.m.||strawberry moon|
|July 5||12:44 a.m.||buck moon / thunder moon|
|Aug. 3||11:58 a.m.||sturgeon moon|
|Sept. 2||1:22 a.m.||corn moon|
|Oct. 1||5:05 p.m.||harvest moon|
|Oct. 31||10:49 a.m.||blue moon|
|Nov. 30||4:29 a.m.||beaver moon|
|Dec. 29||10:28 p.m.||cold moon| | <urn:uuid:f6bb1010-53c5-4dd5-8be5-39540c13097d> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | http://kiss51.com/the-very-best-times-to-look-at-the-september-corn-moontotalcorn-moon-climbs-tonight-in-the-eastern-sky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038069133.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20210412175257-20210412205257-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.950339 | 1,593 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Since the start of the long rains season in late February this year, scenes of dirty flood waters, impassable roads, flooded roundabouts, stranded commuters, stalled trucks, long traffic jams and submerged cars are a common view from my office window, whenever it rains in Nairobi.
It worries me to think that these scenes will become more common or intense under climate change. We need plans, policies and infrastructure for our cities as a matter of urgency.
In early February, a report by relief web indicated that populations in parts of East Africa were facing death from starvation occasioned by a prolonged drought. Then the rains came and what should have been a blessing turned into a nightmare for others. Cities in the region were particularly hard hit by flooding.
Find out more about Future Climate for Africa’s work building scientific understanding across the continent
As part of the the Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) program, researchers in the HyCRISTAL consortium are developing new understanding of East African climate variability and change, including associated impacts, and working with a range of stakeholders to co-develop climate-change coping options and tools to reduce the impact of extreme weather events in urban areas, which results from complex interactions between social and environmental factors.
In the case of flooding in cities such as Nairobi, these factors include poor urban planning and non-existent or inadequate infrastructure for dealing with excess run-off. On top of this, climate change may function as an additional stressor. “Events like the recent high-impact floods in Kenya are likely to become more frequent in the future.” notedDr David Rowell, a climate scientist with the UK Met Office, during a recent meeting in Kampala. Dr Rowell co-leads the climate science research within the HyCRISTAL project.
“As the atmosphere warms it can hold more water vapour” said HyCRISTAL’s lead, John Marsham (National Centre for Atmospheric Science and University of Leeds, UK), “As a result we expect more intense precipitation in the future, in some cases even though total rainfall will decrease”.
One component of HyCRISTAL is centred on understanding such future changes on urban water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems with pilot studies in the urban centres of Kisumu, Kenya and Kampala, Uganda. Professor Barbara Evans, HyCRISTAL urban lead said, “We are working with Kampala and Kisumu city authorities to develop water and sanitation solutions that are more resilient to the increased flooding we expect in the years to come.”
Some politicians are already heeding the warnings and eager to respond. Rt. Hon Cecilia Atim Ogwal, Deputy Speaker in the Uganda Parliament who officially opened the HyCRISTAL meeting urged participants to help Uganda and Africa to tap appropriate research data and knowledge, to help build infrastructure that is resilient to climate change.
The HyCRISTAL project will develop guidelines and recommendations for urban infrastructure to improve its resilience to climate change, as well as practical policy responses to reduce current and future flooding and its impacts in urban areas in east Africa.
It is clear that the current floods in East Africa and the attendant impacts must be seen as a wake-up call for urgent and systematic actions to mitigate the risks of increasingly severe and frequent extreme weather events. Many decisions taken today will determine impacts of extreme rain in decades to come; it is important that choices are made that decrease, rather than increase, such future impacts.
This content is sponsored by Future Climate for Africa. | <urn:uuid:1c3ef59b-7931-4a59-9dfd-8ccfcfd09a11> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/07/16/east-africas-cities-need-plan-climate-change-flooding-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215393.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819204348-20180819224348-00682.warc.gz | en | 0.945928 | 731 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What is The Exposure Triangle?
Before now, we discussed the three primary factors that determine the exposure of a photograph; which are the Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO. (These factors as stated here have clickable links that would take us to the previous posts where we discussed them in detail just in case we need to refresh our memory).
Now Exposure Triangle is the act of striking a balance between these three variables so as to produce a perfectly exposed image.
The Aperture can be defined as the diameter of the channel through which light passes to get into the image sensor. The Aperture is measured in f-stops. So an Aperture value of f/1.8 has a wide opening while an Aperture value of f/22 has a small opening.
With Aperture comes Depth of Field. The depth of Field here refers to how much of your image is in focus. So shooting with a wider aperture makes less of the image be in sharp focus while shooting with a smaller aperture makes more of the image be in sharp focus.
Shutter speed refers to the length of time the shutter is open. So if you’re shooting with a fast shutter speed, for example, 1/1000th of a second, less light gets into the image sensor compared to when you’re shooting with a slow shutter speed of 1/10th of a second which allows more light into the image sensor.
When shooting with a wide aperture, your shutter speed will need to be fast to compensate for the amount of light entering the camera otherwise you’ll most likely end up with an over-exposed image. Same applies if you’re shooting with a small aperture, your shutter speed will need to move slower to enable more light into the camera otherwise you’ll most likely end up with a grossly under-exposed image.
Your shutter speed can also be used to freeze motion. So if you’re taking a photograph of a moving car or a waterfall, using a fast shutter speed freezes the movement. A slower shutter speed will produce a blurry image of the car and a creamy look of the waterfall. These outcomes are not necessarily bad if done creatively.
This refers to the way your camera interprets light; This is also known as the Image sensor’s sensitivity to light. This sensitivity is measured in figures like 100,200,400,800 etc.
So a camera with a base ISO of 100 means that the best picture quality is to be taken at this setting and this requires enough light and excellent conditions for it to perform. A camera with an ISO setting of 4000 would require less light to take a bright image but this could be at the expense of the quality of the image as there could be the existence of image noise or grainy pixels in the picture.
If you’re taking a photograph in a dimly lit room, you can introduce an external light source like a Speedlite and still operate at a low ISO to ensure the digital noise is kept at it’s barest minimum.
In summary, this is an idea of what the exposure triangle is all about. Effective utilization of these three variables; Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO to produce a perfectly exposed image. So it’s time to pick up our cameras and get practising. You could share your images in the comments section below or on our community lets all learn.
If you have any questions or contributions to make, kindly share your thoughts in the comments section below. | <urn:uuid:6eca30e8-02d2-457e-a893-0e892f376d3a> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.fortespy.com/category/camera/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506988.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402143006-20200402173006-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.935571 | 717 | 3.421875 | 3 |
The world as we know it has seen the likes of the most feared and infamous dictators and military geniuses. Some of these people have even shaped the way the world is today and their influences are still felt. Among such dictators are Napoleon Bonaparte and Adolf Hitler, leaders of France and Germany respectively at two different periods. Adolf Hitler's reign of power begins in 1933 when he is appointed Chancellor of Germany and his reign ends with his suicidal death on April 30 1945. Napoleon Bonaparte's reign of military power begins in 1783 until he resigns in 1814, yet he has a slight military rebirth after that but it only lasts for a very short time. Both leaders' careers are filled with massive successes yet they are also littered with massive defeats that truly change the way the world is today. Although these leaders can be considered geniuses, it does not mean they are perfect and not susceptible to the pull of human nature.
Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte are two of the foremost military strategists and totalitarian leaders yet both had lapses in their judgment, both exhibit episodes of cowardice and both fail in their battles with Russia, ultimately ending their reigns.
Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte both have several lapses in judgment on the battlefield, and in the planning rooms, during their reigns. While these lapses in judgment immediately may not result in the defeat of an army, when they are added together the results can and often were disastrous. Though Hitler had a strong army that could fight well, the mismanagement of that army and the people around it eventually lead to his personal demise as well as his army's demise. Napoleon too is responsible for making several irresponsible and debilitating decisions during his reign. | <urn:uuid:9be0554e-8757-4277-b37e-f7ee4cd38cc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.writework.com/essay/comparison-napoleon-and-hitler | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122739.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00592-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987546 | 349 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Michael O'Malley, Associate Professor of History and Art History, George Mason University
This cartoonist called attention to what he saw as the similarity between Irish and African immigrants, and the possibility that in America, they would turn into each other.
AIn this cartoon, captioned "A King of -Shanty," the comparison becomes explicit. The "Ashantee" were a well known African tribe; "shanty" was the Irish word for a shack or poor man's house. The cartoon mocks Irish poverty, caricatures irish people as ape like and primitive, and suggests they are little different from Africans, who the cartoonists seems to see the same way. This cartroon irishman has, again, the outhrust mouth, sloping forehead, and flat wide nose of the standrd Irish caricature.
In this next cartoon by Thomas Nast, Irish and African Americans don't look too much alike, but they are the same in terms of their threat to the nation. The caption reads "the ignorant vote." | <urn:uuid:8023ae55-38e2-46c0-9c16-bafbd60b866c> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://chnm.gmu.edu/exploring/19thcentury/alienmenace/pop_attention.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737942301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221902-00209-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975243 | 213 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The Rights of the Child in Wales:
The Equality and Human Rights Commission in Wales (EHRC Wales) have commissioned the Observatory on Human Rights of Children and Children in Wales to evaluate the impact of legislation to embed the UNCRC in law and policy in Wales. This will contribute toward the Commission’s strategic thinking about future approaches to human rights in Wales.
Wales was the first devolved administration of the UK to incorporate the UNCRC in legislation through the ‘Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011. This seeks to strengthen and build on the rights-based approach of the Welsh Government to policy making for children and young people. The Measure places a duty on the Welsh Ministers to have due regard to specified rights under the UNCRC and its optional protocols.
There has been a great deal of interest in pursuing a similar approach in Wales for other UN Conventions, in particular, the UNCRPD. The EHRC Wales believe that UN Conventions are a strong lever for change in Wales.
This research will employ a variety of methods to gather evidence on:
- The impact of the Measure on the implementation of the UNCRC in Wales.
- Aspects of the Measure which have worked well, and what might need to change/stay the same.
- Opportunities for enhancing the status of further treaty rights under Welsh legislation.
The research will be completed by the end of March 2018
The researchers will engage with stakeholders and will be supported by an Advisory Group with representatives from the Wales UNCRC Monitoring Group.
Further information will follow.
For any initial inquiries, please contact Sean O’Neill on sean.o’[email protected] or 02920342434. | <urn:uuid:c71b5c5e-57b2-4d2b-b650-2a3a3efe2853> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://aberdareonline.co.uk/news/rhondda-cynon-taff/rights-child-wales | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511761.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018084742-20181018110242-00363.warc.gz | en | 0.899212 | 361 | 2.640625 | 3 |
|Synthetic Genome Has Potential Value for Energy and Environment|
By Kate Ruder
Using DNA off the shelf, scientists have—with perfect accuracy—created the genome of a harmless synthetic virus in days rather than months or years as in the past.
The advance brings science a step closer to practical applications such as developing potentially useful synthetic microbes that could someday produce hydrogen for energy or consume pollutants at coal-fired heating plants.
Scientists at the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA) in Rockville, Maryland , announced their findings, along with the Secretary of the Department of Energy (DOE), Spencer Abraham, at a press conference Thursday in Washington, D.C. DOE funded the research.
J. Craig Venter, president of IBEA, led the research, working with longtime collaborators Nobel Laureate Hamilton O. Smith of IBEA and Clyde A. Hutchinson of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Venter and Smith were principal collaborators on sequencing the human genome. Smith, in his 70s, and Hutchinson, in his 60s, pulled all-nighters “just like post-docs” to create the genome in record time, said Venter.
Venter and his colleagues created the genome of a virus that infects bacteria but is harmless to humans. The genome of this particular virus, called phi X, was already a bit of a celebrity in the world of genomics. In 1978, it was the first virus ever sequenced. It has been extensively studied in the laboratory since the 1950s.
In 14 days, the researchers created the artificial phi X by piecing together synthetic DNA ordered from a biotechnology company. They used a technique called polymerase cycle assembly (PCA) to link the strands of DNA together.
The sequence and assembly of the synthetic genome matches up nearly perfectly with the sequenced genome of the natural virus. Each strand of DNA neatly overlaps its neighboring strands by 20 letters of genetic code. The new virus also infects bacterial cells just like the natural virus does.
Ultimately, the goal is to create a synthetic genome that would be 100 to 1,000 times larger than the phi X virus. Someday, researchers hope to engineer fleets of self-replicating microbes that do everything from scrubbing down emissions at coal plants to producing enough hydrogen to power cars and trucks run by hydrogen-fuel cells rather than gasoline.
Last year, a separate group of researchers synthesized a polio virus using chemicals ordered over the Internet and from mail order catalogs. The poliovirus is slightly larger than phi X. It took the researchers months to a year to complete the poliovirus project. Synthesis of a harmful virus raised ethical concerns among the public as well as the scientific community.
Although phi X is not harmful, the researchers are aware that genome synthesis needs to be handled with caution. Throughout the press conference yesterday, Venter and Abraham stressed that although the technology behind phi X raises the possibility of potential misuse, officials at the DOE and other agencies have and will continue to monitor federally funded research for security concerns.
In addition, Secretary Abraham announced the creation of a new committee at the DOE to review the phi X work for "new research opportunities." There may be several ways to use synthetic genomes in energy, the environment and medicine. The Secretary expects that the new DOE committee will foster support of novel research within several federal agencies.
Complete details of the techniques and findings will be published online in the journal The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in three weeks. The technique will not be patented.
. . . | <urn:uuid:ed4d9854-67d9-4753-be60-2fc38418931b> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_03/synthetic_genome.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997881423.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025801-00243-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945204 | 740 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The best way to help bats suffering in the extreme heat and keep yourself safe is to call in the experts says the Director of Public Health at Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District. Associate Professor Bradley Forssman says good Samaritans who attempt to help distressed or injured bats are putting themselves at risk of potentially fatal infections if they are bitten or scratched.
Be kind to bats and leave rescues to the experts
18 Jan 2018
Associate Professor Bradley Forssman
“All four species of Australian fruit bats (flying foxes) and at least three species of insectivorous bats can potentially carry lyssavirus, a very close relative of the rabies virus,” says Associate Professor Forssman.
Bats in the Penrith area have tested positive to lyssavirus.
“Animals can be infectious without looking sick, so you should never attempt to handle bats or flying foxes,” he says.
Associate Professor Forssman says if you are bitten or scratched by a bat or flying fox you need to contact your General Practitioner (GP) immediately for treatment and then call your local Public Health Unit on 1 300 066 055 for further advice.
Research has shown that people often handle bats because they are concerned about the welfare of the bats and do not consider their own safety.
“People who are inexperienced in handling bats may actually cause more harm or distress to the animals and undoubtedly are endangering their own lives,” says Dr Forssman.
“The best advice which helps the bats, and keeps you safe, is to call WIRES on 1 300 094 737 and let the experts retrieve and care for the injured animals." | <urn:uuid:bf4efa92-33e4-4f12-b314-696d5ab56dca> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.nbmlhd.health.nsw.gov.au/nbmlhd-news/from-the-expert/be-kind-to-bats-and-leave-rescues-to-the-experts?retain=true&PagingModule=14676&Pg=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141189141.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127044624-20201127074624-00510.warc.gz | en | 0.935105 | 353 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A World of Meditation: Contemplative Practices From Many Faiths
The antidote? Mindfulness. Mindfulness is a quality you can cultivate in any situation—whether you're walking down the street or washing the dishes. Although grounded in Buddhism, this practice is accessible to people of any faith. In mindfulness meditation you stop the restlessness of your mind by focusing your undivided attention on whatever you're experiencing in the here and now. The simplest version involves simply focusing on your breath. By enhancing your awareness in this way, you calm your mind, experience life more fully, and bring new clarity of thought to any situation that comes your way.
More on BeliefnetWhat It Means to Be Mindful, by Sharon Salzberg
Jewish spiritual leaders are finding fresh applications for teaching meditations based in Jewish mysticism, called kabbalah. Kabbalah teaches that meditation is a direct way to experience God, or the divine. Kabbalistic meditation techniques include visualizing the Divine Name.
A good meditation to start out with is the Shema meditation described in Aryeh Kaplan's classic 1985 text "Jewish Meditation." Shema, which is Hebrew for “Hear,” is the word that begins Judaism’s holiest prayer, the fundamental affirmation of Jewish faith in one God. Inhale silently, and exhale "shh." Then inhale again silently, and exhale "mmm." Repeat this process, allowing it to draw you deeper and deeper into the "mmm" sound. This practice helps the meditator achieve a meditative state. Another meditation to experiment with involves focusing upon a Shviti, a line from Psalm 16 inscribed on a plaque that Jews traditionally focused on before meditation, to help them reach another state of consciousness.
More on Beliefnet
What Is Kabbalah? by Rabbi Benjamin Blech Pop Kabbalah quiz The Holy Chariot, an audio lesson
Instruction in Kabbalistic Meditation by Alan Brill
Yogis believe that breathing from the diaphragm is a key to good health, and that real happiness comes from the recognition of our innate divinity—so many Hindu meditations combine deep breathing with the chanting of mantras, sacred sounds representing the particular holy names of Hindu deities (the mantra for Ganesha, the elephant god, is "Gam," for instance; the mantra for Krishna is "Klim.")
Hinduism is so linked with meditation in the average American's mind that one might almost believe Hinduism is only about quiet contemplation. Actually, Hindu meditation is one of several forms of expression, "one conveyance of many used on the spiritual journey," says Marcia Z. Nelson in "Come and Sit: A Week Inside Meditation Centers." Not to say it’s not important: As the mantras are chanted and repeated, the deity's qualities are invoked, and a "transcendental" awareness that moves beyond ordinary perception is attained. There’s a nice reciprocity today between Americans practicing Buddhist meditation and Americans using Hindu or older Vedic practices. They seem to all see there is much to learn from listening and trying each other’s methods.
This is a taste of Zazen, the fundamental practice in Zen Buddhism. A Japanese word that literally means "sitting zen" or "sitting concentration," it’s about the experience of emptiness, the depth of nothing.
In Zazen, more than other methods, correct posture is paramount. Back straight. Nose in line with the navel, ears squared with shoulders, chin tucked slightly. Lips are closed, teeth together, and the tip of your tongue is resting peacefully at the roof of your mouth, just behind the front teeth. This is the position the Buddha was in when he received enlightenment. Start by counting your breaths: one, two…; however, if a thought intrudes upon your counting and you say to yourself, "Oh good, now I'm up to three breaths with no thinking," then you have have to go back to one since the aim is not to think about anything (because of this most beginners count "One, one, one..."). Zazen may sound hard to do with all its emphasis on discipline, but it’s the "meditator’s meditation" and will become relaxing in time. You can try it on your own but eventually you'll want to find a good teacher who'll inspire and move you more than you thought possible. Uh-oh, you're thinking again! | <urn:uuid:528cf590-4698-4a1a-929a-9f50fe669dbd> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.beliefnet.com/wellness/guided-meditations/a-world-of-meditation-comtemplative-practices-from-many-faiths.aspx?p=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929869.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00107-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940457 | 930 | 2.78125 | 3 |
India has been in lockdown since March 25, 2020. During this time, activities not contributing to the production and supply of essential goods and services were completely or partially suspended. Passenger trains and flights were halted. The lockdown has severely impacted migrants, several of whom lost their jobs due to shutting of industries and were stranded outside their native places wanting to get back. Since then, the government has announced relief measures for migrants, and made arrangements for migrants to return to their native place. The Supreme Court of India, recognising the problems faced by migrants stranded in different parts of the country, reviewed transportation and relief arrangements made by the government. On June 9, the Court directed central and state governments to complete transportation of remaining stranded migrants and expand focus of relief measures to facilitate employment for returning migrants. In this blog, we highlight some facts about migration in India, summarise key relief measures announced by the government and directives issued by the Supreme Court for the migrant population in relation to the lockdown.
Overview of Migration
Migration is the movement of people away from their usual place of residence, across either internal (within country) or international (across countries) borders. The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 Census. As per the Census, India had 45.6 crore migrants in 2011 (38% of the population) compared to 31.5 crore migrants in 2001 (31% of the population). Between 2001 and 2011, while population grew by 18%, the number of migrants increased by 45%. In 2011, 99% of total migration was internal and immigrants (international migrants) comprised 1%.
Patterns of migration
Internal migrant flows can be classified on the basis of origin and destination. One kind of classification is: i) rural-rural, ii) rural-urban, iii) urban-rural and iv) urban-urban. As per the 2011 census, there were 21 crore rural-rural migrants which formed 54% of classifiable internal migration (the Census did not classify 5.3 crore people as originating from either rural or urban areas). Rural-urban and urban-urban movement accounted for around 8 crore migrants each. There were around 3 crore urban-rural migrants (7% of classifiable internal migration).
Another way to classify migration is: (i) intra-state, and (ii) inter-state. In 2011, intra-state movement accounted for almost 88% of all internal migration (39.6 crore persons).1
There is variation across states in terms of inter-state migration flows. According to the 2011 Census, there were 5.4 crore inter-state migrants. As of 2011, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were the largest source of inter-state migrants while Maharashtra and Delhi were the largest receiver states. Around 83 lakh residents of Uttar Pradesh and 63 lakh residents of Bihar had moved either temporarily or permanently to other states. Around 60 lakh people from across India had migrated to Maharashtra by 2011.
Figure 1: Inter-state Migration (in lakh)
Note: A net out-migrant state is one where more people migrate out of the state than those that migrate into the state. Net in-migration is the excess of incoming migrants over out-going migrants.
Sources: Census 2011; PRS.
Reasons for internal migration and size of migrant labour force
As of 2011, majority (70%) of intra-state migration was due to reasons of marriage and family with variation between male and female migrants. While 83% of females moved for marriage and family, the corresponding figure for males was 39%. Overall, 8% of people moved within a state for work (21% of male migrants and 2% of female migrants).
Movement for work was higher among inter-state migrants- 50% of male and 5% of female inter-state migrants. As per the Census, there were 4.5 crore migrant workers in 2011. However, according to the Working Group Report on Migration, the Census underestimates the migrant worker population. Female migration is recorded as movement due to family since that is the primary reason. However, many women take up employment after migrating which is not reflected in the number of women moving for work-related reasons.
According to the Economic Survey, 2016-17, Census data also underestimates temporary migrant labour movement. In 2007-08, the NSSO estimated the size of India’s migrant labour at seven crore (29% of the workforce). The Economic Survey, 2016-17, estimated six crore inter-state labour migrants between 2001-2011. The Economic Survey also estimated that in each year between 2011-2016, on average 90 lakh people travelled for work.
Figure 2: Reasons for intra-state migration
Sources: Census 2011; PRS.
Figure 3:Reasons for inter-state migration
Sources: Census 2011; PRS.
Issues faced by migrant labour
Article 19(1)(e) of the Constitution, guarantees all Indian citizens the right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India, subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public or protection of any scheduled tribe. However, people migrating for work face key challenges including: i) lack of social security and health benefits and poor implementation of minimum safety standards law, ii) lack of portability of state-provided benefits especially food provided through the public distribution system (PDS) and iii) lack of access to affordable housing and basic amenities in urban areas. 2
Poor implementation of protections under the Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979 (ISMW Act)
The ISMW Act provides certain protections for inter-state migrant workers. Labour contractors recruiting migrants are required to: (i) be licensed, (ii) register migrant workers with the government authorities, and (iii) arrange for the worker to be issued a passbook recording their identity. Guidelines regarding wages and protections (including accommodation, free medical facilities, protective clothing) to be provided by the contractor are also outlined in the law.
In December 2011, a report by the Standing Committee on Labour observed that registration of workers under the ISMW Act was low and implementation of protections outlined in the Act was poor. The report concluded that the Central government had not made any concrete and fruitful efforts to ensure that contractors and employers mandatorily register the workers employed with them enabling access to benefits under the Act.
Lack of portability of benefits
Migrants registered to claim access to benefits at one location lose access upon migration to a different location. This is especially true of access to entitlements under the PDS. Ration card required to access benefits under the PDS is issued by state governments and is not portable across states. This system excludes inter-state migrants from the PDS unless they surrender their card from the home state and get a new one from the host state.
Lack of affordable housing and basic amenities in urban areas
The proportion of migrants in urban population is 47%.1 In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs identified migrants in urban areas as the largest population needing housing in cities. There is inadequate supply of low-income ownership and rental housing options. This leads to the spread of informal settlements and slums. The Prime Minister Awaas Yojana (PMAY) is a central government scheme to help the economically weaker section and low-income group access housing. Assistance under the scheme includes: i) slum rehabilitation, ii) subsidised credit for home loans, iii) subsidies up to Rs 1.5 lakh to either construct a new house or enhance existing houses on their own and iv) increasing availability of affordable housing units in partnership with the private sector. Since housing is a state subject, there is variation in approach of States towards affordable housing.2
Steps taken by the government with regard to migrant labour during the lockdown
During the lockdown, several inter-state migrant workers tried to return to their home state. Due to the suspension public transport facilities, migrants started walking towards their home state on foot. Subsequently, buses and Shramik special trains were permitted by the central government subject to coordination between states., Between May 1 and June 3, more than 58 lakh migrants were transported through specially operated trains and 41 lakh were transported by road. Measures taken by the government to aid migrants include-
Transport: On March 28, the central government authorised states to use the State Disaster Response Fund to provide accommodation to traveling migrants. States were advised to set up relief camps along highways with medical facilities to ensure people stay in these camps while the lockdown is in place.
In an order issued on April 29, the Ministry of Home Affairs allowed states to co-ordinate individually to transport migrants using buses. On May 1, the Indian Railways resumed passenger movement (for the first time since March 22) with Shramik Special trains to facilitate movement of migrants stranded outside their home state. Between May 1 and June 3, Indian Railways operated 4,197 Shramik trains transporting more than 58 lakh migrants. Top states from where Shramik trains originated are Gujarat and Maharashtra and states where the trains terminated are Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Note that these trends largely correspond to the migration patterns seen in the 2011 census data.
Food distribution: On April 1, the Ministry of Health and Family Affairs directed state governments to operate relief camps for migrant workers with arrangements for food, sanitation and medical services. On May 14, under the second tranche of the Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan, the Finance Minister announced that free food grains would be provided to migrant workers who do not have a ration card for two months. The measure is expected to benefit eight crore migrant workers and their families. The Finance Minister also announced that One Nation One Ration card will be implemented by March 2021, to provide portable benefits under the PDS. This will allow access to ration from any Fair Price Shop in India.
Housing: The Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan also launched a scheme for Affordable Rental Housing Complexes for Migrant Workers and Urban Poor to provide affordable rental housing units under PMAY. The scheme proposes to use existing housing stock under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Housing Mission (JnNURM) as well as incentivise public and private agencies to construct new affordable units for rent. Further, additional funds have been allocated for the credit linked subsidy scheme under PMAY for middle income group.
Financial aid: Some state governments (like Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh) announced one-time cash transfers for returning migrant workers. UP government announced the provision of maintenance allowance of Rs 1,000 for returning migrants who are required to quarantine.
Directions by the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court reviewed the situation of migrant labourers stranded in different parts of the country, noting inadequacies and lapses in government response to the situation.
Census, 2011, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs.
Report of Working Group on Migration, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, January 2017, http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/1566.pdf.
Order No. 40-3/2020-DM-I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, April 29, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/covid19/notifications/4233.IND_Movement_of_Persons_April_29.pdf.
Order No. 40-3/2020-DM-I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, May 1, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/covid19/notifications/IND_Special_Trains_May_1.jpeg.
“Indian Railways operationalizes 4197 “Shramik Special” trains till 3rd June, 2020 (0900hrs) across the country and transports more than 58 lacs passengers to their home states through “Shramik Special” trains since May 1”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Railways, June 3, 2020, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1629043.
The National Anti-Doping Bill, 2021 is listed for passage in Rajya Sabha today. It was passed by Lok Sabha last week. The Bill creates a regulatory framework for anti-doping rule violations in sports. It was examined by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Sports, and some of their recommendations have been incorporated in the Bill passed by Lok Sabha.
Doping is the consumption of certain prohibited substances by athletes to enhance performance. Across the world, doping is regulated and monitored by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which is an independent international agency established in 1999. WADA’s primary role is to develop, harmonise, and coordinate anti-doping regulations across all sports and countries. It does so by ensuring proper implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADA Code) and its standards. In this blog post, we discuss the need of the framework proposed by the Bill, and give insights from the discussion on the Bill in Lok Sabha.
Doping in India
Recently, two Indian athletes failed the doping test and are facing provisional suspension. In the past also, Indian athletes have been found in violation of anti-doping rules. In 2019, according to WADA, most of the doping rule violations were committed by athletes from Russia (19%), followed by Italy (18%), and India (17%). Most of the doping rule violations were committed in bodybuilding (22%), followed by athletics (18%), cycling (14%), and weightlifting (13%). In order to curb doping in sports, WADA requires all countries to have a framework regulating anti-doping activities managed by their respective National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Currently, doping in India is regulated by the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), which was established in 2009 as an autonomous body under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. One issue with the existing framework is that the anti-doping rules are not backed by a legislation and are getting challenged in courts. Further, NADA is imposing sanctions on athletes without a statutory backing. Taking into account such instances, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Sports (2021) had recommended that the Department of Sports bring in an anti-doping legislation. Other countries such as the USA, UK, Germany, and Japan have enacted legislations to regulate anti-doping activities.
Framework proposed by the National Anti-Doping Bill, 2021
The Bill seeks to constitute NADA as a statutory body headed by a Director General appointed by the central government. Functions of the Agency include planning, implementing and monitoring anti-doping activities, and investigating anti-doping rule violations. A National Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel will be set up for determining consequences of anti-doping rule violations. This panel will consist of legal experts, medical practitioners, and retired athletes. Further, the Board will constitute an Appeal Panel to hear appeals against decisions of the Disciplinary Panel. Athletes found in violation of anti-doping rules may be subject to: (i) disqualification of results including forfeiture of medals, points, and prizes, (ii) ineligibility to participate in a competition or event for a prescribed period, (iii) financial sanctions, and (iv) other consequences as may be prescribed. Consequences for team sports will be specified by regulations.
Initially, the Bill did not have provisions for protected athletes but after the Standing Committee’s recommendation, provisions for such athletes have been included in the Bill. Protected persons will be specified by the central government. As per the WADA Code, a protected person is someone: (i) below the age of 16, or (ii) below the age of 18 and has not participated in any international competition in an open category, or (iii) lacks legal capacity as per their country’s legal framework
Issues and discussion on the Bill in Lok Sabha
During the discussion on the Bill, members highlighted several issues. We discuss these below-
Independence of NADA
One of the issues highlighted was the independence of the Director General of NADA. WADA requires National Doping Organisations to be independent in their functioning as they may experience external pressure from their governments and national sports bodies which could compromise their decisions. First, under the Bill, the qualifications of the Director General are not specified and are left to be notified through Rules. Second, the central government may remove the Director General from the office on grounds of misbehaviour or incapacity or “such other ground”. Leaving these provisions to the discretion of the central government may affect the independence of NADA.
Privacy of athletes
NADA will have the power to collect certain personal data of athletes such as: (a) sex or gender, (ii) medical history, and (iii) whereabout information of athletes (for out of competition testing and collection of samples). MPs expressed concerns about maintaining the privacy of athletes. The Union Sports Minister in his response, assured the House that all international privacy standards will be followed during collection and sharing of data. Data will be shared with only relevant authorities.
Under the Bill, NADA will collect and use personal data of athletes in accordance with the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information. It is one of the eight ‘mandatory’ standards of the World Anti-Doping Code. One of the amendments moved by the Union Sports Minister removed the provision relating to compliance with the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information.
Establishing more testing laboratories across states
Currently India has one National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL). MPs raised the demand to establish testing laboratories across states to increase testing capacity. The Minister responded by saying that if required in the future, the government will establish more testing laboratories across states. Further, in order to increase testing capacity, private labs may also be set up. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Sports (2022) also emphasised the need to open more dope testing laboratories, preferably one in each state, to cater to the need of the country and become a leader in the South East Asia region in the areas of anti-doping science and education.
In August, 2019 a six-month suspension was imposed on NDTL for not complying with International Standard for Laboratories (ISL) by WADA. The suspension was extended for another six months in July, 2020 due to non-conformity with ISL. The second suspension was to remain in effect until the Laboratory complies with ISL. However, the suspension was extended for another six months in January, 2021 as COVID-19 impacted WADA’s ability to conduct an on-site assessment of the Laboratory. In December, 2021 WADA reinstated the accreditation of NDTL.
Several athletes in India are not aware about the anti-doping rules and the prohibited substances. Due to lack of awareness, they end up consuming prohibited substances through supplements. MPs highlighted the need to conduct more awareness campaigns around anti-doping. The Minister informed the House that in the past one year, NADA has conducted about 100 hybrid workshops relating to awareness on anti-doping. The Bill will enable NADA to conduct more awareness campaigns and research in anti-doping. Further, the central government is working with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) to test dietary supplements consumed by athletes.
While examining the Bill, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Sports (2022) recommended several measures to improve and strengthen the antidoping ecosystem in the country. These measures include: (i) enforcing regulatory action towards labelling and use of ‘dope-free’ certified supplements, and (ii) mandating ‘dope-free’ certification by independent bodies for supplements consumed by athletes. | <urn:uuid:9d52ae31-c0b2-4083-9494-6fc7baba7469> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/migration-in-india-and-the-impact-of-the-lockdown-on-migrants?page=1&per-page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00234.warc.gz | en | 0.951594 | 4,108 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Introduction to an area of linguistic study not covered by the regular departmental course offerings.
LING 480 Topics in Linguistics: Language Universals
This course will be an introduction to universal grammar, language universals, and linguistic typology. It will explore in detail the following issues:
· what counts as a possible (and impossible) human language?
· what is universal to all languages?
· what is subject to crosslinguistic variation?
· how can we explain the patterns of variation found in the world’s languages?
· how can we explain the lack of certain linguistic patterns or certain language types?
Requirements: thoughtful completion of reading and homework assignments, and a short term paper on a topic related to the course.
Textbook: Comrie, Bernard (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology (2nd edition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Student learning goals
General method of instruction
Introduction to Linguistics (or the equivalent)
Class assignments and grading | <urn:uuid:86b1e81b-6fd6-416c-8941-3ebf556078b5> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.washington.edu/students/icd/S/ling/480bcitko.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121665.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00124-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.820217 | 214 | 2.5625 | 3 |
When you learn you have diabetes, ask your doctor to refer you to a diabetes education program or a diabetes educator. You will need to learn what and how to eat to control your blood glucose levels and how to check your blood glucose. You may also need to learn about diabetes medicines. You will be shown what to do to prevent or delay serious problems.
Most people feel much better after learning how to take care of their diabetes. Following your treatment plan helps you keep your blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Controlling your blood glucose can:
- help prevent symptoms of high blood glucose, such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, weakness, inability to concentrate, loss of coordination, and blurred vision
- help prevent low blood glucose, or what is called insulin shock, or insulin reaction, or hypoglycemia
- help prevent your blood glucose from becoming too high, or what is called hyperglycemia
- help prevent or delay serious, long-term complications, including blindness, nerve damage, and kidney failure
The impact of not treating diabetes is severe. If you have diabetes and don't treat it, you can end up very sick. It takes effort to follow your treatment plan, but your efforts have significant impact on your overall health. Several studies have shown that people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can greatly reduce the risk of complications, including eye disease and kidney disease, by keeping their blood glucose under strict control.
From Treatment to Management
The actions you take to control your blood glucose levels through eating and exercise can have an immediate impact. But you need to continue these efforts every day. Except for the type of diabetes that pregnant women get — called gestational diabetes — once you have been diagnosed with diabetes, it does not go away. You can manage it but not cure it. You will need to take measures to treat it for the rest of your life.
Managing your diabetes means keeping your blood glucose as close to normal as possible at all times to prevent long-term complications. You can do this by:
- closely following the meal plan your healthcare providers recommend
- being physically active on most days
- taking the medications your doctor prescribes as directed
- maintaining your ideal weight
The types of medication you need depend on the type of diabetes you have.
If you have type 1 diabetes, you need to take insulin because your body can't make it. You need insulin to help turn your food into energy. You may take insulin by giving yourself a shot or by another method, such as an insulin pump. Insulin shots, in combination with a healthy meal plan and a physical activity plan, are the only ways to keep your blood glucose levels under control.
If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to keep your blood glucose levels under control with healthy eating, physical activity, and, if needed, losing weight. If these treatments aren't enough, you may need to take diabetes pills or give yourself insulin every day. You may take insulin by giving yourself a shot or by another method, such as an insulin pump.
If you have gestational diabetes, you may be able to keep your blood glucose levels under control with healthy eating and physical activity. If these efforts don't work, you may need to take insulin every day. You may take insulin by giving yourself a shot or by another method, such as an insulin pump.
Regardless of the type of diabetes you have, it's key to carefully and regularly monitor your blood glucose levels. Checking your levels with a glucose meter can help you know when your level is too low or too high. It can also help you tell how well your treatment plan is working. Your doctor and your diabetes educators can help you learn how to check your blood glucose. They will also teach you what your goal numbers should be as well as what is too high and too low.
Written by award-winning health writer Bobbie Hasselbring
Reviewed by Beth Seltzer, MD
Last updated June 2008 | <urn:uuid:f88cc89c-73b5-4264-b62e-eaf79dc641cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes-treatment-options.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218195419.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212955-00622-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96043 | 815 | 3.609375 | 4 |
You are in a store when your child throws a temper tantrum. This often embarrassing moment is sure to come for parents, because all children experience temper tantrums. It is a normal part of growing up. For parents, there are no magic words to make tantrums disappear. However, you can respond in ways that can help.
1. Try to remain calm. Shaking, spanking, or screaming at your child tends to make the tantrum worse instead of better.
2. Pause before you act. Take at least 30 seconds to decide how you will handle the tantrum. Four possible ways to deal with a tantrum include:
• Distract -Try to get your child’s attention focused on something else. If your child screams when you take away something unsafe (like mommy’s purse) offer something else to play with.
• Remove - Take your child to a quiet, private place to calm down. Out in public it may mean sitting outside for a few minutes or in the car. Avoid trying to talk or reason with a screaming child. It doesn’t work! Stay nearby until your child calms down.
• Ignore - Older children will sometimes throw tantrums to get attention. Try ignoring the tantrum and go about your business as usual, while making sure the child is in a safe environment.
• Hold - Physically restrain children if they are “out of control” (may harm themselves and others). You also might say something like: “I can see you are angry right now and I am going to hold you until you calm down. Sometimes children are just scared with their own emotions.
3. Wait until your child calms down before talking about the situation. It’s difficult to reason with a screaming child. Later, use this opportunity to teach your child acceptable ways to handle anger and difficult situations. After the tantrum is over, think about what happened and what caused it.
4. Most tantrums occur when a child is hungry, tired, frustrated or overexcited. Tantrums are frustrating for both parent and child. However children still need to be reminded. So, cool down mom and dad the best is yet to come!
UT Extension provides a gateway to the University of Tennessee as the outreach unit of the Institute of Agriculture. With an office in every Tennessee county, UT Extension delivers educational programs and research-based information to citizens throughout the state. In cooperation with Tennessee State University, UT Extension works with farmers, families, youth and communities to improve lives by addressing problems and issues at the local, state and national levels.
For more information on this or other family and consumer sciences related topics, contact Shelly Barnes, Family and Consumer Sciences Extension agent for UT Extension in Wilson County. Barnes can be reached at [email protected] or 615-444-9584.
Sources: Iowa State University and eXtension.org | <urn:uuid:1b026fe7-11e9-4ff8-91ab-04081369f88f> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.lebanondemocrat.com/article/guest-view/363171 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736676381.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215756-00163-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941229 | 605 | 2.875 | 3 |
Map from University of Texas at Austin website Geologic Wonders of Texas
Over time, soil eroded. Water percolated through the limestone. Caves were formed as the rock dissolved. And in a few places, underground rivers carved dramatic flowing caverns.
Longhorn Cavern is one of those. About 14 miles northwest of Marble Falls, visitors step down into geologic time.
Sunlight faded as Denny and I joined ten other mortals for a visit to nature's negative space.
One and a quarter miles of wandering through cool damp otherworld.
Past angel-wings of stone dripping into being,
a water-carved terrier,
and crystals glittering overhead.
One massive inner cathedral extended up beyond light.
The guide told stories. Hidden outlaw treasure, a Saturday-night speakeasy frequented by church members who gathered there the next morning.
We walked, our hearts beating slower as time receded into the reality of rock.
Copyright 2009-2010 Kathleen Scott, for Hill Country Mysteries. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. | <urn:uuid:7cef98ce-7a69-4df2-8c7f-c996af8bd810> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.hillcountrymysteries.com/2010/08/longhorn-cavern.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461861743914.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428164223-00217-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930014 | 216 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Learning Coats Project—richer learning tailored by you! One of a kind—that’s you! You’re on a learning journey, and your Learning Coat is like a map, travel log, and compass all in one! And you can wear it!
Just get a coat or shirt and add words, imagery, symbols and hidden treasures. For example, a wise man once said, “Who we are is both dust and gold”. That’s cool metaphor! Tuck that in your pockets and think about it!
What else can you add? Metaphors, inspirations, questions, reflections, ideas, goals, dreams, and stuff you care about! That’s a Learning Coat! Decorate with anything you like: markers, paint, fabric scraps, and little bits you scavenge from around the house. Attach it all with this stuff: glue, stapler, safety pins, glue gun, duct tape or needle and thread.
The Learning Coats Project is a hands-on way to learn critical thinking, creativity, metacognition, self-awareness and goal-setting.
And it’s a fun activity to share with others. You’ll learn even more when you talk through your ideas. Learning Coats build learning communities—because we’re all one of a kind, and we’re all in this journey together! Make one today! Get richer learning tailored by you…with The Learning Coats Project! | <urn:uuid:225e0ecc-7e2d-4dad-9893-4e73e1153151> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://learningcoats.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145621.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221233354-20200222023354-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.898076 | 312 | 2.71875 | 3 |
For Teachers (Don’t print this page) Students Learning Objectives Students will read important articles relating to water in the southwest and explain them to their peers. Students will understand social and political issues surrounding water in the west. Grade Level 8-12 th
Part I: Who needs water?
A jigsaw reading activity including articles from magazines and online publications to get the students primed for a deeper investigation into the inner-workings of the Colorado River.
Article 1: Letter: ___
Article 2: Letter: ___
Article 4: Letter: ___ | <urn:uuid:0f5895bd-4fc2-44cb-9c9e-75c6b3307a9f> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.slideserve.com/trynt/the-colorado-river-story | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794868239.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527091644-20180527111644-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.92362 | 114 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Scientists have devised a way to build a “quantum metamaterial”—an engineered material with exotic properties not found in nature—using ultracold atoms trapped in an artificial crystal composed of light. The theoretical work represents a step toward manipulating atoms to transmit information, perform complex simulations or function as powerful sensors.
The research team, led by scientists at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and UC Berkeley, proposes the use of an accordion-like atomic framework, or “lattice” structure, made with laser light to trap atoms in regularly spaced nanoscale pockets. Such a light-based structure, which has patterned features that in some ways resemble those of a crystal, is essentially a “perfect” structure—free of the typical defects found in natural materials.
Researchers believe they can pinpoint the placement of a so-called “probe” atom in this crystal of light, and actively tune its behavior with another type of laser light (near-infrared light) to make the atom cough up some of its energy on demand in the form of a particle of light, or photon.
- control over the speed of the release of a photon, so we can optically process information much faster
- manipulating atoms to transmit information, perform complex simulations or function as powerful sensors
- enabling single or few-photon-level applications as varied as quantum sensing, quantum information processing, and quantum simulations using metamaterials
The wavelike pattern at the top shows the accordion-like structure of a proposed quantum material—an artificial crystal made of light—that can trap atoms in regularly spaced nanoscale pockets. These pockets can be made to hold a large collection of ultracold “host” atoms (green), slowed to a standstill by laser light, and individually planted “probe” atoms (red) that can be made to transmit quantum information in the form of a photon (particle of light). The lower panel shows how the artificial crystal can be reconfigured with light from an open (hyperbolic, in orange) geometry to a closed (elliptical, in green) geometry, which greatly affects the speed at which the probe atom can release a photon. (Credit: Pankaj K. Jha/UC Berkeley)
This photon, in turn, can be absorbed by another probe atom (in the same or different lattice site) in a simple form of information exchange—like spoken words traveling between two string-connected tin cans.
“Our proposal is very significant,” said Xiang Zhang, director of Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division who led the related research paper, published in April in Physical Review Letters. “We know that the enhancement and ultrafast control of single-photon emission lies at the heart of quantum technologies, in particular quantum information processing, and this is exactly what we have achieved here. Previous proposals can do one or the other but not both simultaneously.”
Zhang is also a professor at UC Berkeley, director of the National Science Foundation’s Center for Scalable and Integrated Nanomanufacturing and a member of the Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley.
Pankaj K. Jha, a UC Berkeley postdoctoral researcher who is the lead author of the paper and works in Zhang’s group, said, “Now we have control over the speed of the release of a photon, so we can optically process information much faster, and efficiently transfer it from one point to another.” Other scientists who contributed to this work include Michael Mrejen, Jeongmin Kim, Chihhui Wu, Yuan Wang and Yuri V. Rostovtsev.
This ability to release a photon at fast rates, and to transmit it with low losses from one atom to another, is a vital step in processing information for quantum computation, which could use an array of these controlled photon releases to carry out complex calculations far more rapidly than is possible in modern computers.
A quantum computer, which the tech industry and scientific community are hotly pursuing because of its potential to perform more complex calculations than are possible using modern supercomputers, could tap into the bizarre quantum realm in which ordinary physics rules don’t apply.
While today’s computers can store information as binary bits—either ones or zeroes—a quantum compter would use “qubits” in which an individual bit of information can simultaneously exist in multiple states. These qubits could take the form of atoms, photons, electrons, or even as an individual fundamental property of a particle, and would exponentially increase the number of calculations a computer could perform in an instant.
The non-uniform distribution of the ultracold atoms in the artificial crystal is a key to this latest study, said Jha. “It makes the crucial difference for creating a ‘perfectly’ lossless and reconfigurable quantum metamaterial,” he said, allowing the optical structure of the artificial crystal to be reconfigured from an open geometry (hyperbolic-shaped) to a closed one (elliptical) at the same frequency and with ultrafast timing. This controllable shape-change dramatically changes the speed at which a probe atom in the artificial crystal releases a photon.
The latest proposal suggests that it is possible to speed up the rate at which a probe atom can emit a photon from nanoseconds, or billionths of a second, to picoseconds, or trillionths of a second. Also, this process is importantly considered “lossless,” meaning the photons would not lose any of their energy to their surrounding structure as they likely would in a traditional material. This overcomes one hurdle toward quantum computing and information processing.
Atoms planted in the artificial crystal could also possibly be induced to hop from one place to another. In this case, the atoms could themselves serve as the information carriers in a quantum computer or be arranged as quantum sensors, Jha said.
Jha noted that this latest study marries metamaterials research with the science of “cold atoms,” which are atoms that have been slowed and even brought to a standstill using laser light, which in the process chills them to supercool temperatures. He said, “This integration has solved some of the outstanding challenges for metamaterial platforms and outperforms other designs in several key aspects crucial for quantum technologies.”
The researchers found that rubidium atoms are ideally suited for this study, however barium, calcium and cesium atoms can also be trapped or planted in the artificial crystal, as they exhibit similar energy levels. While the artificial crystal used in the study is described as one-dimensional, Jha said the same approach could be easily extended to create 2-D and 3-D quantum metamaterial crystal structures out of light.
To realize the proposed metamaterial in an actual experiment, Zhang and Jha said the research team would need to trap several atoms per lattice site in the artificial crystal, and to hold those atoms in the lattice even when they are excited to higher energy states.
Zhang said, “Berkeley Lab has been a leader in groundbreaking research in metamaterials, and this work could open new realms of opportunities for quantum light-matter interactions, with enticing applications in quantum information science.”
Jha added, “We believe that the combination of these two contemporary realms of science will help to address key challenges in both fields and open an entirely new research direction at the interface of quantum photonics and artificial materials.”
Schematic of an atomic lattice quantum metamaterial.
We introduce and theoretically demonstrate a quantum metamaterial made of dense ultracold neutral atoms loaded into an inherently defect-free artificial crystal of light, immune to well-known critical challenges inevitable in conventional solid-state platforms. We demonstrate an all-optical control, on ultrafast time scales, over the photonic topological transition of the isofrequency contour from an open to closed topology at the same frequency. This atomic lattice quantum metamaterial enables a dynamic manipulation of the decay rate branching ratio of a probe quantum emitter by more than an order of magnitude. Our proposal may lead to practically lossless, tunable, and topologically reconfigurable quantum metamaterials, for single or few-photon-level applications as varied as quantum sensing, quantum information processing, and quantum simulations using metamaterials.
SOURCES – Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Physical Review Letters
Brian Wang is a Futurist Thought Leader and a popular Science blogger with 1 million readers per month. His blog Nextbigfuture.com is ranked #1 Science News Blog. It covers many disruptive technology and trends including Space, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Anti-aging Biotechnology, and Nanotechnology.
Known for identifying cutting edge technologies, he is currently a Co-Founder of a startup and fundraiser for high potential early-stage companies. He is the Head of Research for Allocations for deep technology investments and an Angel Investor at Space Angels.
A frequent speaker at corporations, he has been a TEDx speaker, a Singularity University speaker and guest at numerous interviews for radio and podcasts. He is open to public speaking and advising engagements. | <urn:uuid:49d49dfb-9fa5-466d-b92c-c416778d865d> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/05/trapped-atoms-in-artificial-crystal-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662558015.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523101705-20220523131705-00537.warc.gz | en | 0.926648 | 1,941 | 3.671875 | 4 |
One thing that has become increasingly clear during Microsoft’s Build conference is that artificial intelligence (AI) is here and it is the future of development. AI, natural language processing, cognitive services and deep learning are all valuable and critical components for any developer creating a new application. Microsoft has affirmed to the tens of thousands of developers in attendance that their strategic direction is directly aligned with AI and that they want to lead the convergence of cognitive computing, mobility, and the increasingly important IoT.
I would caveat to this whole conversation by noting that it is easy to get overwhelmed and/or want to look away for just a minute because there are so many terms and technologies being bandied about. Moreover, many of these terms and technologies being discussed will directly impact every single person through their phone, cars, houses, work offices, transit and so on. Data-driven intelligence will be part of every sensor, drone, automobiles, sensors, mobile device, computer, camera and just about every other electronic item coming into existence. What Microsoft is talking about is how to create and control those devices and how to bring them together to create something meaningful to all of us.
I wrote yesterday about Graph and what it is. To say it is one of the most critical components of Microsoft’s grand strategy is an understatement. Graph is what connects the data with respect to Microsoft’s cross-platform strategy and helps the systems create the unique relationships between the data points on the Graph. Okay, wait a second…. what is Graph again? I’ve seen it mentioned in at least 20 different slides during Build. Great question, and as I continue to look deeper into the context and meaning of Graph I realized I needed to step back and look at what Graph means in the greater context to begin to understand what Microsoft is doing on a small and large scale.
Graph Theory, as defined by Wikipedia, is a “mathematical structure used to model pairwise relations between objects and consists of vertices, nodes, and points which are connected by edges or lines.”
Okay, so how does a mathematical model relate to me? If you start exchanging the “data points” with personal items you start to see how it makes sense. For example, my data points are where I live, family members, locations I travel to, how long I drive in my car, phone numbers I call, people I email, places I travel to and so on. All of these data points are accessible through my various devices that I use throughout the day and using my personal data points I have effectively created my own Graph.
So, going back to Microsoft’s multi-device strategy and the ability to connect all the devices I use to gather and consolidate my data makes a lot of sense. You could even go further and say that Microsoft has the ability to begin to take these Graphs and connect them on even a larger scale – looking at larger societal issues, for example – but for most of us, my personal connection to this is what impacts me the most.
If we go back to the beginning and look at AI and the future of development, it becomes readily apparent that developers need and will build with the necessary tools to capture the data, and have the built-in intelligence to know what to do with it. With Microsoft, and to some extent AWS and Google, their role is the plumber in this and providing all the tools and services to give developers those capabilities and allowing them to seamlessly and easily add those into any application or service they provide to their customers.
Corporate vs. Individual Impact
It’s important to note that there are two very different perspectives in relation to artificial intelligence and related tools. From a corporate perspective, it’s about making money, delivering a service, protecting infrastructure, compliance and so on. We all know for example that Google reads our emails, processes that data and then presents ads or services that we might be interested in. However, these new services are moving well beyond the simple idea of just selling us something through a single medium. I can’t help but think of Tom Cruise’s Minority Report where he is walking around a shopping area and each ad is personalized by name, things he might be interested in and so on. We are now moving from a single interface and interaction to something global where our data effectively moves with us regardless of where we are. As a quick aside, I will write another blog shortly on Microsoft’s “Edge” and how this directly relates this idea of localizing our data and helping it move with us.
For me though, the personal element to this is both exciting and a bit frightening at the same time. As my data travels with me, my experiences across the globe will eventually be unified. I do like the idea of being able to access a customer’s graph and delivering a truly personal experience to them that in turn creates a more meaningful interaction, but I wonder if we won’t lose some of the uniqueness or experiences that come from being surprised or out of control. Anybody who has run a website or online business in the past knows that personalizing your business can be difficult if not downright impossible. Over the last few years, social media has presented some new opportunities and was the first attempt to personalize our interactions as it gave everyone the ability to see inside the veil and interact with companies in a personal way. But, that interaction is usually controlled by a company or by someone working towards a certain and particular goal.
With Graph, we are now going one step further and allowing every single interaction to be highly personalized based on my own data, which is truly revolutionary.
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Launched nearly 30 years ago, World AIDS Day is observed annually on Dec. 1. Since its inception in 1988, the goal has been to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS and commemorate the 35 million people who’ve lost their lives to the epidemic.
Today, nearly 1.1 million people in the U.S. are living with HIV, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — one in seven individuals aren’t aware they are infected. It is estimated more than 36 million people were living with HIV/AIDS worldwide in 2016.
Jesse Milan, Jr., is president & CEO of AIDS United, a national nonprofit dedicated to ending AIDS in America. A licensed attorney with a law degree from New York University, he is one of many African-Americans fighting the disease via advocacy, research, and education.
Milan says he has been "living and thriving" with HIV for more than three decades. He currently serves as Chair Emeritus on the Black AIDS Institute board of directors and on the Scientific Advisory Board for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). He previously co-chaired the CDC’s Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Advisory Committee on HIV and STD Prevention and Treatment (CHAC).
We spoke with Milan about the impact of HIV/AIDS on people of color, the importance of testing and new initiatives.
[This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.]
NBCBLK: What is AIDS United’s mission and how do you achieve your goals?
Milan: Our goal is to end the AIDS epidemic in the U.S., through strategic grant-making, capacity building, formative research and policy. We do a lot of work on The Hill. We provide access to life-saving HIV/AIDS care and prevention services and advance sound HIV/AIDS-related policy for populations and communities most impacted by the epidemic. To date, our strategic grant-making initiatives have directly funded more than $104 million to local communities, and have leveraged more than $117 million in additional investments for programs that include, but are not limited to HIV prevention, access to care, capacity building, harm reduction and advocacy.
A new effort is The Southern HIV Impact Fund which is making an initial investment of $2.65 million in support of 37 organizations in nine states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. It has already mobilized an additional $150,000 in emergency support for people living with HIV in hurricane-impacted areas of the region, including Texas and Florida. AIDS United is managing the fund.
Has progress been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS?
Yes, we are making progress in some ways. CDC data says there’s an 18 percent reduction in new infections, which is a really good story. However, new infections are not the same as new diagnoses. Diagnoses indicate when a person is diagnosed with HIV or AIDS, not when the person was infected. According to new CDC data, among persons with HIV infection diagnosed in 2015, the estimated median interval from infection to diagnosis was three years. While this is an improvement from previous reporting, persons unaware of their HIV infection are estimated to account for a staggering 40 percent of ongoing transmissions in the United States.
But among all the different groups with HIV/AIDS, there’s not a decline among African-American and gay men of color. In terms of new diagnoses, the disproportionate impact is continuing among African-Americans and people of color.
"Around 42 percent of Americans living with HIV who are in care depend on Medicaid, so any actions by Congress to roll it back threatens the health and livelihood of this community."
Among African-Americans which demographic is most impacted?
While overall we're seeing a general decline in new infections, they’re rising among Black gay and bisexual men, Latino gay men, and gay men of color. Among Black and Latino gay men under 24, those are where infection rates are not going down.
The infection rates are going down with African-American women. African-American women have done a good job of preventing new infections. But of women living with HIV, they are still the largest number of women overall. The caveat is this, when we look at who is living with HIV, overall Black men and Black women are not doing very well.
You indicated communities of color, the LGBTQ community, and certain regions nationwide are being dramatically affected by this epidemic.
Unless we win in the South we will not win our national goals. A substantial number, about 40 percent of people with HIV, live in the south. The region accounts for the largest numbers of new infections, and about half of all new diagnoses. It’s compounded by lack of access to health care.
President Donald Trump’s World AIDS Day Proclamation noted the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and investments in partnership with 50-plus countries that help support 13 million people with lifesaving antiretroviral treatment testing initiatives and other strategies. How do you think the Trump Administration is doing with its HIV/AIDS policies?
I think this Administration and this [GOP controlled] Congress are trying to destroy the means for accessing treatment and prevention. Besides the threat to the ACA, many policies and programs are at risk with proposed budget cuts such as CDC HIV prevention programs and National Institutes of Health (NIH) AIDS research.
The current GOP tax plan could potentially impact Medicaid, the Secretary’s Minority AIDS Initiative Fund (SMAIF), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI), Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) Program, and the Ryan White Program.
Recent efforts to repeal/replace and roll back Medicaid threaten to undo the progress. Around 42 percent of Americans living with HIV who are in care depend on Medicaid, so any actions by Congress to roll it back threatens the health and livelihood of this community. And almost all the states in the south, with the exception of Louisiana, have not expanded Medicaid which basically closes the door for, say, a single man to receive treatment.
HIV testing remains important, correct?
Yes. Knowing your HIV status is really a deterrent to you spreading the disease. The gold or platinum standard is for people to achieve viral suppression by taking your meds consistently. Then the virus is literally undetectable. If you achieve an undetectable viral load, you are not capable of infecting someone else. Thanks to biomedical advances you can be on the way to living a long and healthy life.
In the U.S. of the 1.2 million people living with HIV, less than half have achieved viral suppression. Globally there are about 36 million with HIV/AIDS; about a third have achieved viral suppression. | <urn:uuid:905b53a4-534a-49f3-8b03-9df9f746ea45> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/hiv-highest-among-african-americans-advocate-working-change-n825511 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948520218.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213011024-20171213031024-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.950475 | 1,411 | 2.640625 | 3 |
When is the last time you bragged about what a good multitasker you are? Or heard someone else bragging about their ability to multitask?
When we multitask, we are essentially doing multiple tasks at the same time. Here are some examples of multitasking: Talking on the phone and surfing the web. Helping your child with his/her homework while you make dinner. Catching up on emails while you watch TV.
It seems like our fast-paced world is constantly demanding that we do more and do it faster. And the only way to accomplish more and faster seems to be to multitask. Multitasking certainly gets encouraged in the workplace. And as my examples illustrate, we are doing a lot of multitasking at home.
Multitasking Can Have a Negative Impact on Your Health
Let me ask you a question: Is multitasking good for your health?
To answer that question, let’s take a look at where we got the word “multitasking” in the first place. It’s been around for a long time, but I first started hearing it in relation to personal computers, which are designed to handle multiple operations at the same time. But guess what? My reading about the human brain have emphasized that our brains were not designed to multitask. In fact, our brains were designed to accomplish one task at a time.
Because our brains aren’t designed for all that multitasking, there are some downsides. For example, what you accomplish while you are multitasking may not be as high in quality as it would have been had you been more focused. Ever had a meal not turn out so great because you weren’t focused? Or something you were completing at work? (And let’s not even get started on texting and driving.)
Multitasking also leads to stress, which is an especially important consideration if you are living with a chronic condition. Multitasking puts your mind and body on high alert, and sets off a steady flow of stress hormones, which has a negative impact on your health. Making a mistake can lead to more stress.
Here’s what especially concerns me when my clients discuss multitasking.
- First, all that additional stress. That’s not a great way to take care of yourself.
- The errors that can result from multitasking. Having too many balls in the air can result in not always being so compliant with your treatment regimen, like those times when you forget to take your medication.
- Multitasking can damage your relationships. Words spoken to a family member may not come out as intended if you aren’t focused on what you are saying or, on the other hand, if you aren’t really listening.
- And let’s face it, multitasking is just exhausting.
Here’s what else concerns me about multitasking and my clients living with chronic conditions. In my experience, these individuals all too often place additional pressure on themselves to multitask. They feel like they have to prove to others – and to themselves – that they can keep up with the many competing demands of their life. That they are still “normal.” It’s sad to watch these clients pushing themselves so hard and, in the process, placing their wellness at risk. This can also be a form of denial: Keep pushing and the chronic condition will just give up and go away.
It is even more sad that some of these individuals have family members, including their partners, who are also placing them under pressure to stay on the treadmill.
So my question for you: How much multitasking are you doing? Another question: How is it affecting your physical and emotional wellness? And a third question: Will you consider getting off the treadmill and taking better care of yourself?
Not sure how to get off the multitasking treadmill? Here are some ideas to consider:
Ask yourself: What am I trying to prove? It’s always feel sad when I talk to individuals living with a chronic condition about how hard they push themselves. So often, the pushing is all about proving to themselves or to other people that they are still able to do everything they could do before they were diagnosed. That they are, in a word, “normal.” So ask yourself what you are trying to prove by all that multitasking. It’s turning you into a hard taskmaster when you need to be on your own side.
Give yourself permission to get off the treadmill. Decide to take the best possible care of yourself, including being willing to make choices about what gets done and what doesn’t get done. Seize control of your self-care!
Recognize the toll that multitasking takes. It’s only human to dive in and try to get everything done, even if it means trying to do more than one thing at a time. Let me say a couple things about all that diving in. First, when you do that, every task feels like it must be urgent. Even when it isn’t. Second, your body feels like it’s in the middle of a crisis. Even when it isn’t. And that’s what leads to all the stress.
Be mindful of your priorities. The best way to avoid the feeling that you’re in the midst of a crisis is to take a step back and look at what’s a priority and what isn’t. For each task in front of you, ask: Is this important or can it wait until later? And after you’ve answered that question, ask: Where do I want to start? Focus on what’s most important first. And be okay about leaving some tasks undone. Not easy, I know. But your mind and body will thank you.
Think: One task at a time. Our brains are designed to focus on one thing at a time. So how about working with your brain? Choose your most important task and dive in. Work at your own pace. Stay with it until you are finished. Resist the desire to work on another task or two at the same time. When you are done, move onto the next task. For example, put that phone call aside until you’re finished cooking dinner. Enjoy the TV show with your family and catch up on email later. One thing at a time, starting with what’s most important.
Be okay about saying no. Here’s where I get the most resistance from my clients. And I have to admit that I’m not always so good about saying no myself. It’s not easy. But think of it this way. When you say yes, what are you saying yes to? Another task to squeeze into your day? More likelihood that you will find yourself multitasking? Along with the stress that multitasking can lead to? Take a step back when you are asked to do something. Decide whether it’s a priority or not. If it is, then consider how other priorities will have to shift their place in line. (Again, one at a time, not two-by-two.) And if it’s not a priority, be okay about saying no. Set limits with yourself and with others.
Take a look at your own drive to multitask. And then consider what you can do to reign it in and treat yourself a little more humanely. One task at a time leaves you with more energy! And a whole lot less stress! | <urn:uuid:45c81f4a-a240-4c14-af04-f7c2e3d7c9d3> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://justgotdiagnosed.com/resources/multitasking-isnt-helping-you-heres-what-to-do-instead/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027331228.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826064622-20190826090622-00350.warc.gz | en | 0.964366 | 1,557 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Background of the Huguenot Migration
Compared with the transfer of material and cultural goods, or technologies and ideas, the migration of people between cultural systems usually involves more fundamental change and a greater degree of upheaval. Transfer processes (regarding human skills and ideas, language as well as religion) are always part of migrations. The Huguenots – French Protestants who left their native country mainly after 1685 and settled in othercountries, as well as in and – can be viewed as a classic example of early modern migration. Since the Huguenots had left as refugees, they did not have the option to return to their country of origin either temporarily or permanently until the late-18th century. However, the Huguenots were not passive victims; rather, they played a large role in shaping many aspects of the conditions of their migration. In the following, I will analyse the preceding events, conditions and consequences of the mass migration of French Protestants to other countries in the late-17th and early-18th centuries.
A degree of uncertainty remains regarding the origin of the term "Huguenot". However, the term unquestionably originated as a pejorative term which non-Protestants used to refer to Protestants in France. In contemporary research, it is predominantly believed – in line with earlier assumptions – that the term originated from a ghost by the name of "Roi Hugo" (King Hugo), who, according to legend, wandered the streets of 1 It should also be emphasized that both a narrower and a broader "Huguenot" concept are in use in the academic discourse. The narrower concept – which is the one referred to in this article – defines Huguenots as the members of the Reformed church of France who emigrated from France from the 1680s onward due to increasing discrimination against their confession. The broader concept of Huguenots, on the other hand, includes other Reformed groups, such as the inhabitants of the Alpine valleys of and France who are referred to as Waldensians (Vaudois).2; the diminutive form of the name was adopted to refer to the secret nocturnal gatherings of French Protestants in the early-16th century. Another thesis, which is supported by linguistic evidence, states that the term is etymologically linked to the term Eidgenossen (confederates) by the common etymon eyguenot, and that it originally referred to the supposed coalescing of French Protestants into a religious "party" which was gaining political influence.
In 1685, Louis XIV of France (1638–1715) issued the Edict of revoking the Edict of , which had enshrined the confessional coexistence of Catholics and Huguenots in law since 1598. Indeed, the French Reformed church had come under increasing pressure from the beginning of the 1680s because Louis XIV viewed France's bi-confessionalism as an obstacle to absolutist rule. The persecution of the Huguenots reached its climax in the so-called "dragonnades", the billeting of soldiers in Huguenot households with the aim of forcing the members of these households to convert to Catholicism. In spite of the strict ban on emigration, the revocation of the Edict of Nantes precipitated a mass exodus of Huguenots. Of approximately 900,000 French Protestants, it is estimated that c. 150,000 to 200,000 left France, i.e., about a fifth of the Huguenot population or one per cent of the total population of France.3
The routes of escape and the final places of settlement demonstrate that the migration of French Reformed Protestants was a process with implications and consequences which were pan-European, even global. Europe-wide communication was required to direct the flow of refugees. Immediate assistance in the form of food and accommodation was needed, and long-term solutions regarding settlement had to be found. The inducements offered by receiving countries and the final conditions of settlement were affected by numerous factors: the political, religious, economic, social and cultural contexts of the receiving countries, but also the way the Huguenot refugees perceived themselves and were perceived by others. Both of these factors, in turn, affected the long-term consequences of the migration, both with regard to the integration or assimilation of the Huguenots in the receiving countries, and with regard to how the Huguenot migration was perceived and described.
Central Features of the Settlement of Huguenots in Europe
The Huguenot refugees were initially received by the Protestant cantons of 4 Regions of Europe which were geographically further removed (the German territories, particularly and , as well as , and ) and the colonies (the South African and of the Netherlands and Britain) were secondary or even tertiary receiving countries, since the Huguenots generally only arrived there after transiting through one of the primary receiving countries. These countries must also have been less attractive to Huguenots as places of settlement because the Huguenots initially hoped to return to their country of origin in the near future. The trend becomes clear when one looks at a map of Europe – Ireland to the west is as far removed from France as Brandenburg-Prussia to the east5 – and when one compares the numbers of Huguenots received by the individual countries., and by the and . Due to their close proximity to France, these were the countries which the Huguenots fled to in the first instance. The imperial city of , which has been described as a "Drehscheibe des Refuge" (hub of the Huguenot migration), also played an important role as a primary destination and transit point.
With the exception of Switzerland, the Huguenots settled permanently in very large numbers in the primary receiving countries. Estimates for the Dutch Republic range from 35,000 to 75,000 refugees, though the true number is probably around 50,000 settlers. England received about 40,000 refugees. Due to the increasing difficulties involved in providing for the Huguenots, the Protestant cantons of Switzerland made substantial efforts to find other territories for the refugees to settle in. Ultimately, only about 20,000 refugees remained in Switzerland. In general, the secondary and tertiary receiving countries received fewer refugees the further they were removed from France. It is estimated that Brandenburg-Prussia settled about 14,000–20,000 refugees within its borders, followed by Hesse-Kassel with about 4,000 refugees. Other German territories received fewer Huguenots, though it must be borne in mind that the other German receiving countries (e.g. 6, , , ) were medium-sized and small territories. In total, German rulers settled around 40,000 refugees in their territories. Approximately 10,000 Huguenots settled in Ireland, and about 2,000 settled in Denmark and . The numbers for the tertiary receiving countries beyond and are considerably smaller. About 1,500–2,000 Huguenots settled in the British North American colonies. About 200 settled in the Dutch , and about 600 refugees settled in Russia.
There are two features of the settlement of Huguenots in Europe in the late-17th and early-18th centuries which may appear surprising from a modern perspective: first, the pan-European organization and communication involved; and, second, the active involvement of the Huguenots in determining the conditions of settlement, and the bargaining power and choice which they had in this process. In the context of the search for countries of settlement for the Huguenots, "divisions of labour" developed in Europe, and various communication networks were utilized to provide long-term solutions to the refugee problem. On the one hand, the primary receiving countries of the Netherlands, Switzerland and England made efforts to move a portion of the Huguenots on to other countries and/or made financial assistance available to facilitate the settlement of these Huguenots in other countries. Additionally, diplomatic and dynastic links were an important factor in this process. For example, Swiss representatives negotiated with German territories on the settlement of Huguenots. The Danish queen Charlotte Amalie (1650–1714), who used her influence to get Huguenots settled into Denmark, was the sister of the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and the niece of the Elector of Brandenburg. The French Reformed community which was already in existence in Frankfurt am Main played a central role in providing for the migrants and negotiating their settlement in other territories. In contrast to our modern concept of refugees – which is often influenced by television images – as people who, after crossing the sea or the desert, end up in detention camps or prisons awaiting their fate, representatives of the Huguenots (often priests or noblemen) played an active role on their behalf. In Frankfurt, diplomats, representatives of the refugees and emissaries of rulers of German territories came together to negotiate settlement conditions. Representatives of the Huguenots in Switzerland travelled to potential countries of settlement with financial assistance from the cantons. The various privileges and inducements offered by the German territorial rulers were circulated and compared throughout Europe.7
In contrast to other refugees and, in particular, to the majority of modern-day refugees, the Huguenot refugees were able to affect the conditions under which they were settled. The reason for this relates to two factors. First, they received sympathy and support as religious refugees in the Reformed countries of Europe, particularly in the initial period. Second – and this was probably of greater importance – the Huguenots were considered desirable as immigrants. Their craft skills – for example, in the processing of textiles – were in demand, and European governments hoped that the arrival of Huguenot entrepreneurs would lead to the founding of new manufactures. Especially the German territories – after the destruction of the Thirty Years' War – continued to lag behind the most economically developed European countries and, in particular, France. At the end of the 17th century, economic activity and population numbers still had not recovered from the destruction of the war, and, in line with mercantilist economic theory, German states sought to promote Peuplierung (population increase) and to stimulate the economy. The fact that the Huguenots came from a country whose culture was viewed as the leading culture in contemporary Europe and whose language was the lingua franca, particularly of the continental elites, was also a significant factor. Due to all these factors, the Huguenots had – in spite of their displacement from France – more bargaining power and freedom of choice in their search for a new place of settlement than one would usually assume in the case of refugees.8
The next sections describe and compare the conditions of Huguenot migration in various European countries and its longer-term consequences. It should be remembered that the conditions of settlement in each individual country were determined by a unique constellation of factors: the traditions of the receiving country, particularly with regard to previous experiences with the settlement of French Protestants; the current political climate and interests of the receiving country and its government; the religious composition of the population of the receiving country and the policies of that country regarding religion, particularly with regard to the status of the Reformed faith; and, no less importantly, the economic situation in the transfer country, particularly its "backwardness" in comparison with France. Though no two countries were identical with regard to this group of factors, the countries can nonetheless be divided into types. The migration process proceeded in a similar fashion in the countries of each of the types.
Switzerland, England, Ireland and the Netherlands as Receiving Countries
Uniquely among the countries which settled Huguenots, the Swiss cantons had no special legal provisions regarding the settlement of Huguenots. Such special legal provisions existed in all other European countries, but – as detailed below – the scope of the privileges granted and the special status enjoyed by the Huguenots as a result of these privileges varied considerably. A European comparative perspective highlights two points. First, in all European countries, the special rights which gave the Huguenots a privileged position legally, economically, and/or in terms of the status of their religion were qualified, or even contradicted, by laws or regulations which were intended to ensure their short-term or long-term integration or assimilation into the host society. How the pendulum swung between these two aims varied between the individual countries. Second, it should be noted that the granting of privileges and the formation of corporative groups, i.e. groups with (special) rights which were specific to them, was normal in the estate-based societies of early modern central Europe. The nobility, universities, urban guilds – they were all privileged estates or corporations in a society which divided its members into groups with different legal statuses. To that extent, it is questionable whether the characterization of the Huguenots in Brandenburg as a "state within the state"9 correctly reflects the estate-based society which existed there. More recent research has highlighted this fact.10 However, a need for further research exists regarding the controversial issue of whether the German territorial rulers employed the legal instrument of granting privilege, which is deeply rooted in the estate-based society, in order to use the special status of the Huguenots to further the development of the absolutist state and to reduce the power of the indigenous corporative (Lutheran) groups.11
England and Ireland granted fewer privileges to the Huguenots than all of the other European countries except Switzerland. For one, the migration of Huguenots into the kingdoms of the English crown occurred in the context of the changing political interests of the rulers. It was not until after the "Glorious Revolution" and the Declaration for Encouraging French Protestants to Transport themselves into this Kingdom of the coregents William III (1650–1702) and Mary II (1662–1694) in 1689 that the state offered inducements specifically aimed at the Huguenots. (An equivalent act was passed by the Irish Parliament, though it only referred to "Protestant strangers", instead of explicitly referring to the Huguenots.) Additionally, while England did have an economic interest in attracting Huguenots to settle there, England's economy was highly developed and, as a result, the potential benefit was not perceived to be nearly as large as it was in the German territories. In the case of Ireland, there was considerable interest in the economic advantages which the Huguenots could bring as well as in raising the number of Protestants in the country in order to counterbalance the Catholic majority. However, the granting of substantial privileges did not occur there either. A factor which promoted – or at least facilitated – the settlement of Huguenots in England was the fact that an immigration policy had existed there since the 16th century which granted Protestants who were perceived as having the potential to improve the economy the right to practice their religion freely in their own churches. The freedom to pursue the trade or profession of one's choice as well as economic incentives such as freedom from import duties also played a role, though these rights only placed the Huguenots on an equal basis with the native population. In the context of their migration to the lands of the English crown, Huguenots were offered neither a separate legal status nor their own colonies. As regards their churches, they experienced a degree of pressure to conform – in spite of the explicit guarantee of freedom of religious worship – from the established church, because the Churches of England and Ireland feared an alliance between the Reformed French churches and the so-called Dissenters. As a result, a split occurred in the French churches between conformist and non-conformist communities both in England and Ireland. On the whole, the laws and regulations in England and Ireland encouraged the Huguenots to integrate into the host societies instead of granting them a permanent special status.12
Likewise in the Netherlands, the settlement of Huguenots involved the granting of comparatively few privileges. While there was interest in the economic transfer involved in the settlement of Huguenots in the Netherlands, the great number of refugees resulted in a broad social spectrum among the Huguenot immigrants. As well as a relatively high number of nobles, affluent merchants, clergymen, craftsmen and soldiers, many impoverished Huguenots entered the Netherlands, and these had to be provided for from donations and other means. Two factors were of primary importance in the settlement of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic. First, a tradition of extensive freedom of religious worship existed in tandem with the official Calvinist church in the Netherlands. As in England, a French Reformed church, the Wallonian, was already in existence, which the refugees were then able to join. Second, a high degree of particularism was inherent in the structure of the Republic, which, with the States-General, the provinces and the cities, had multiple levels of political activity. This allowed regional and local governments to legislate for the immigration of Huguenots and the granting of rights to them in a way that was consistent with their individual interests and aims. In accordance with the economic interests of the highly urbanized Dutch Republic, the incentives were directed primarily at Huguenot entrepreneurs, merchants and craftsmen. Two basic types of incentives emerged. One was the combination of the granting of burgher rights and free entry into the guilds, and the other was freedom from guild restrictions. Tax exemptions were also common. As in England and Ireland, the refugees were granted neither a special legal status nor colonies. Rather, it is conspicuous in the case of the Netherlands that such privileges as were granted initially, which were small in comparison to other countries, were revoked from the early-18th century onwards.13
The German Territories as Countries of Settlement
The policies of England and the Netherlands with regard to the granting of privileges to the Huguenots contrasted with the willingness of the German territorial rulers to offer comprehensive "packages" of privileges to the Huguenots in order to ensure that their territories benefitted from the migration of the refugees and the accompanying economic transfer. This accommodating approach was motivated by the economic conditions and theories referred to above: it was believed that the arrival of the Huguenots would help to overcome the consequences of the Thirty Years' War by introducing economic innovations and increasing the population. There were nonetheless considerable differences between German receiving countries in terms of the privileges granted to the Huguenots in the area of religion. The decisive factor in these differences was the religion – Reformed or Lutheran – of the ruler.
Brandenburg-Prussia and Hesse-Kassel were the territories which granted the most comprehensive privileges to the Huguenots. The ruling houses of both territories were of the Reformed confession, though the electors (from 1701, kings) of Brandenburg ruled over a majority Lutheran population in the core lands of their territory, meaning that they had religious and political reasons – along with the economic reasons – for favouring the settlement of Huguenots in their territories: The refugees provided support for Brandenburg's Reformed elite. Thus Peuplierung had an added political and religious dimension there. With the Edict of , the Great Elector made a direct offer of settlement to the Huguenots as early as 1685. The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel reacted similarly quickly to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes with an offer of privileges. In both countries, the refugees received considerable economic incentives, such as a period of tax exemption, freedom from guild restrictions or freedom of entry into the guilds, financial support in the purchasing of sites and the building of houses. While these privileges already exceeded those offered in England and the Netherlands, the unique feature of Huguenot settlement in the German territories was that the refugees were granted colonies with substantial special legal and administrative rights. In Brandenburg-Prussia the Huguenots received not only free burgher rights, but also a separate jurisdiction for their colony. The colony also had its own administrative authority, the Französische Kommission (French Commission), the head of which was also a member of the Geheime Rat (Privy Council). In 1709, King Frederick I (1657–1713) issued a Naturalisationsedikt (naturalization edict), which recognized the Huguenots as subjects of the Prussian crown. The edict also explicitly confirmed the Huguenots' separate legal and administrative status, and these remained in existence until the Prussian Reforms. The Französische Kanzlei in Hesse-Kassel, which remained in existence until 1800, combined both functions: jurisdiction and administration.14
Some Lutheran territories also succeeded in attracting Huguenots as settlers by granting similarly extensive privileges. For example, Brandenburg-Bayreuth granted the refugees a long-term special status with regard to jurisdiction and administration in addition to the economic incentives which had been offered from the start.15 However, the decisive differences were in the area of the exercise of religion. There were conspicuous differences in this area between Reformed and Lutheran rulers – as well as among the Lutheran rulers. Even in the late-17th century, the confessional divide within Protestantism had profound effects on the lives of the migrants.
From the outset, the Edict of Potsdam granted the Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia freedom of religious worship. This was not surprising in view of the fact that a French community already existed in the territory and that the Huguenots were konfessionsverwandt (closely related in religion) to that of the ruling house of Brandenburg. Additionally, the elector provided the financial means for the maintenance of a preacher for the refugees in each city and he ordered that the Huguenots be allowed to use the churches of the (German) Reformed church in tandem with the German congregation. In 1689, regulations were introduced governing the internal structure and organization of the Huguenot congregations in Brandenburg. These were based on the regulations which had existed in Huguenot congregations in France and in the first Huguenot congregation in . Both the Calvinist church discipline and the consistory system were retained. At the territorial level, however, the synod system which had been a feature of the Calvinist church in France came into conflict with the principle that the ruler governs the church (landesherrliches Kirchenregiment) and the resulting claims of the house of Brandenburg. The rulers claimed for themselves the right to have the final say in questions of religion, as well as supreme authority regarding the laws governing the church and the enforcement of these laws. Likewise in the Reformed territory of Hesse-Kassel, the Huguenots were allowed consistories at the level of the individual congregations, but they were not allowed to convene synods.16
In the Lutheran territories, the Huguenots were confronted with a broad spectrum of attitudes on the part of the authorities. In general, the Reformed Huguenots were greeted with deep suspicion in territories where the state church was Lutheran, despite the fact that these territories had shown great interest in settling Huguenots in view of the economic stimulus it was hoped they would provide. The estates and the Lutheran clergy often played a prominent role in articulating this mistrust. Brandenburg-Bayreuth and the 17are the most important examples of this. The spectrum of religious freedoms which were ultimately granted to the Huguenots reached from the granting of considerable privileges, at one end, to the Huguenots not being allowed to practice their religion in public, at the other. In Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and , the territorial rulers not only granted the Huguenots freedom of religious worship and a consistory system at the local level, as in the Reformed territories, but they also allowed them to convene synods. While the holding of synods continued in the territories of the Welf dynasty, they were forbidden in Brandenburg-Bayreuth as early as 1732 due to Prussian pressure. On the other end of the spectrum from these Lutheran territories which granted extensive privileges were those authorities which even denied the Huguenots the right to practice their religion freely in public. Among these were the Electorate of Saxony, the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main, and the Kingdom of Denmark. As already mentioned, there was strong resistance to the Reformed Huguenots in these Lutheran areas, particularly on the part of the estates and the clergy, who viewed the Reformed religion as a threat to the religion of the native population.
Long-Term Consequences of Huguenot Settlement
The motivations of the host countries and the privileges which they bestowed clearly demonstrate that all the receiving territories hoped that the Huguenot refugees would stimulate economic activity by applying their craft skills and by founding manufactures. The extent of the economic privileges granted was usually determined by the degree of economic "backwardness" of the country, as a comparison between the western European countries of England and the Netherlands, and the German territories demonstrates. Where confessional considerations were not an impediment, German rulers offered the most generous terms to the Huguenots. While the factor of "confession" and sympathy towards religious refugees should not be ignored in research into the history of the Huguenot migration, it is easy to overstate the importance of these factors, particularly in view of myths regarding the Huguenot migration which have developed over centuries.18
These myths – which have resulted in the settlement of Huguenots being portrayed in the historiography of the receiving countries as a success, particularly from an economic perspective – have given way to more nuanced interpretations in recent research. The stereotype of the hard-working Huguenots integrating quickly into the host society and playing an important role in the development of the host country contrasts somewhat with the findings of recent research, which identify conflicts with the native populations, which relativize the economic benefits to the host nations of the Huguenot migration and the resulting transfers, and which point to the fact that – particularly in the German territories – the Huguenot refugees long remained a separate minority and distinct from the host society in their language, culture and identity. While recent research does not assume that there was systematic resistance to the settlement of Huguenots among the native populations, there were nonetheless many areas of conflict, particularly concerning the granting of freedom from guild restrictions to the Huguenots or the entry of the Huguenots into the guilds, and, in rural areas, concerning the use of commons by Huguenots. Additionally, the historiography of recent decades has demonstrated that the stimulus which Huguenot craftsmen and owners of manufactures provided to economic activity was quite modest. The Huguenots were often engaged in producing luxury items and the effect which their activities had on the broader economy is estimated to have been rather small. Manufactures, and even rural colonies, required financial assistance from the governments for longer periods; in spite of this, they often did not survive. Finally, resent research has also revised the view that the Huguenots integrated and assimilated quickly. Intermarriage with the native population and the transition from French as the primary language of communication – both of which are important indicators of assimilation – did not become common until the second half of the 18th century. Additionally, the special rights which had been granted to the Huguenots in the German territories remained in existence until the political upheavals and reforms at the end of the 18th century and in the early-19th century.19
However, we must not jump to any hasty conclusions about the long-term consequences of Huguenot migration for Europe. While the economic benefits fell short of the (high) expectations, Huguenot craftsmen and manufacturers were the central agents in the transfer of French production techniques and French tastes, from textile production to wig and glove making, the production of ceramics and pewter, the crafting of gold and silver, clock-making, and the production of weapons. Economic and cultural influences were closely intertwined in this process. Huguenots also played a not insignificant role in the armies of Europe, for example, the Huguenot refugees in the armies of William III of , who were settled in the Irish town of Portarlington after the conquest of England and Ireland in 1688/1689. In many cases, the Huguenot elites, as carriers of the hegemonic French culture and language, exercised great influence on science and culture in their host countries. The network of Huguenot elites which spanned the entire European continent and which gave rise to trade and intellectual networks deserves mention in this context. This "Huguenot international" promoted the transfer of knowledge and culture throughout Europe. In many respects, the Republic of the Netherlands was the centre of this network. Due to the relative freedom of the press, printing, publishing and the book trade flourished there. The publishing activities of Huguenot refugees formed the basis for the Europe-wide république des lettres, in which the Huguenots played a role – among other things – as translators from and into French, Dutch and German, thereby serving as central agents of cultural transfer and the dissemination of knowledge. In the 18th century, these activities helped to spread practical knowledge, such as knowledge of weaving, as well as the ideas of the Enlightenment.20
In general, it remains difficult – in spite of a long tradition of research into Huguenot migration – to evaluate the effects of that migration. As a process in which a large number of people were forced in a short time period to find a new home, the Huguenot migration seems unique in early modern history. However, on closer examination we notice that the population of early modern Europe was constantly on the move, that migration was part of the life experience of many, and that religiously motivated migration was an integral part of European life – witness the Dutch religious exiles of the 16th century and the Salzburg Protestants of the 18th century.21 On the other hand, it must be stressed that the numbers involved in the Huguenot migration were very high by the standards of the early modern period. For example, between 1685 and 1695 more than 45,000 refugees passed through the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main, which had an estimated population of 30,000.22 Research has comprehensively revised the "Huguenot myth" which existed from the 18th, and particularly from the 19th century. However, it must be noted that the Huguenots played an important role in economic and cultural transfers in early modern Europe. In this area in particular, there is scope – in spite of considerable previous research – for research into the long-term consequences of Huguenot migration, particularly consequences that are less conspicuous and more difficult to quantify. | <urn:uuid:ad6eaa6f-438d-4605-9a78-e490416d55bc> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/confessional-migration/ute-lotz-heumann-confessional-migration-of-the-reformed-the-huguenots | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886706.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704201650-20200704231650-00136.warc.gz | en | 0.972889 | 6,398 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Nitrox is any combination of nitrogen and oxygen.
You have been breathing Nitrox since the day you were born.
The air that we breathe is comprised of approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen.
Nitrox mixtures with percentages of oxygen greater than 21% are called Enriched Air Nitrox (EANx).
The commonly used EANx mixtures are EAN 32 (32% oxygen / 68% nitrogen) and EAN 36 (36% oxygen / 64% nitrogen).
Special user friendly decompression tables for these EANx mixtures are available in a waterproof format.
EANx was first used in 1912 and has been used extensively for over thirty years by commercial organizations and the military.
It has also been used in the medical field as a therapy gas.
Advanced level divers have been taking advantage of EANx for cave diving, wreck diving, marine harvest and many other diving applications.
More recently, EANx has been recognized by national scuba diving certification agencies as an alternate breathing gas for recreational diving.
As a certified air diver, you were taught how to monitor your nitrogen intake by utilizing a set of dive tables.
The deeper the depth, the shorter the amount of allowable no-decompression bottom time available due to nitrogen accumulation.
The same principle applies to oxygen at deeper depth.
The greater the depth, the shorter the bottom time.
Oxygen toxicity (on air or Nitrox) usually comes into play deeper than at the standard recreational depths of 40-130 feet.
EANx dive tables provide a reliable, conservative, and easy way to dive between 40-130 feet, while taking advantage of EANx benefits.
EANx diving has many advantages over air diving.
Some of the benefits are:
1. EANx, when used with standard dive tables or computers, provides a tremendous safety factor.
In fact, when utilized in this fashion, the actual nitrogen accumulation is that for a 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meter) shallower dive.
This application of EANx is ideal for divers who simply wish to be more conservative individuals who are not "as young as they once were" or those who may not be in the peak of physical fitness.
2. A significant increase in bottom time no-decompression limits.
3. A reduction of the possibility of decompression sickness.
4. A slight reduction in nitrogen narcosis.
5. A reduction of decompression time if the no-decompression limits are exceeded.
6. Reduced fatigue after the dive (declared by many EANx divers).
I keep Reading That Nitrox Is Risky. Is This True?
Some of those who question the use of EANx lack the certification, experience, and complete knowledge
to competently write and report on Nitrox's recreational use.
With proper training, the risks of EANx diving are similar to air diving.
Both have strict depth and time limitations.
The treatment of Decompression Sickness (DCS) in recompression chambers is also similar with both EANx and air.
Aren't There Special Equipment Requirements For EANx?
Your standard scuba gear can be used with EAN 32 and EAN 36.
Tanks for EANx use are color coded and dedicated.
See your International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD) Professional for further information.
EANx is available at many locations throughout the USA, Europe, Bahamas, Australia, Asia, The Caribbean, Central & South America, Canada, etc.
Check here for a complete listing of Facilities & Instructors and IANTD Affiliates that provide quality EANx training and EANx fills that provide quality EANx training and EANx fills.
Yes! IANTD instructors and facilities offer a full range of continuing education courses beginning with EANx Diver.
You will want to continue your EANx education with Advanced EANx Diver, EANx Technical Diver,
EANx Cave, EANx Wreck, EANx Overhead Environment, Normoxic Trimix Diver, Trimix Diver, and more.
What Is The International Association Of Nitrox And Technical Divers?
IANTD is the only EANx agency that offers training in all aspects of EANx through continuing education programs.
This allows you to expand your knowledge and training with the top professionals in the field.
IANTD instructors are well trained, highly experienced and extremely qualified.
IANTD standards and procedures provide for the highest level of EANx education and training available.
IANTD was founded by Dick Rutkowski, the former dive supervisor for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Mr. Rutkowski introduced the recreational diving community to the technology of EANx.
This program was developed through NOAA during his tenure.
Today the board of directors, and the membership of IANTD, are composed of many of the most experienced divers in the world pertaining to the use of breathing gases other than air. | <urn:uuid:f2f0e32b-6d97-42e1-abbf-990a5c72b9b3> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://iantd.com.au/faq.php?cat_id=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824119.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212203335-20181212224835-00369.warc.gz | en | 0.931231 | 1,060 | 2.8125 | 3 |
At Rolph Literacy Academy at Fundamental Learning Center in Kansas, we teach our students — who have dyslexia or other reading difficulties — to read. Through the years, we have learned some tricks to engage kids who are not natural bookworms to look forward to story time.
We recommend parents and caregivers help readers select books that have subject matter coinciding with a child’s interests. Research also shows reading aloud to children helps build comprehension skills, develop positive feelings about books, increase their vocabulary and more.
We love using Learning Resources Color Cubes to help children comprehend text.
Here are five ideas Fundamental Learning Center uses to aid comprehension using Learning Resources Color Cubes:
- Before you begin reading, assign each character a different color represented by the Color Cubes. Each time you are introduced to one of the characters as you are reading, have your child pick up the appropriate-colored block. This helps your child understand the players in your story.
- Before you begin reading, pull out 3-5 vocabulary words from the text. Go over them with your child before you begin. Each time your child encounters one of the vocabulary words as you are reading, have him or her add a block to a vocabulary tower he builds.
- When you are reading with your young reader and encounter a multi-syllabic word, have your child pull down a color cube for each syllable, moving left to right. Segmenting words into syllables helps emerging readers understand how words are built. This can also be done while segmenting sentences into single words.
- If you are reading a non-fiction book, assign one colored block to stand for main idea, and one block color to represent supporting details. As you read, come up with main ideas and supporting details for the subject matter, using the blocks to help you keep track.
- Write the following words, one on each block: who, what, where, when and why. After you are finished reading the book with your child, use the cubes to ask him or her each question as it pertains to the plot of the story. Who was this story about? What happened? Where did it take place? Etc.
As you can see, Learning Resources Color Cubes can help emerging readers engage with the words in books. For more specific training on how to assist your emerging reader, visit funlearn.org and check out our curriculum and training to assist emerging readers, “The Sound Case.” | <urn:uuid:d40c899e-303a-4872-99ea-f6327fd03f9e> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://blog.learningresources.com/five-ways-to-aid-emerging-readers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313536.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818002820-20190818024820-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.941629 | 508 | 4.09375 | 4 |
In partnership with the IMS laboratory of the University Bordeaux 1, ALPhANOV has developed a system for laser testing of integrated circuits, that is available to manufacturers.
This system can generate, through a method of non-destructive testing, a mapping of the integrated circuits analyzed, showing their photoelectric response to a laser stimulation.
The beam is focused on the circuit board by means of a microscope objective, and the system analyzes the change in its output and in its power supply using an oscilloscope. This information is used to identify particular areas of the circuit sensitive to radiation and that generate localized photoelectric effects.
The test platform includes:
- a laser injection system using a microscope objective
- motorized stages for positioning the circuit board underneath the laser beam
- power supply circuits for the component
- control and command software for all parameters
- an oscilloscope for measuring and analyzing the changes induced by the laser stimulation
- a data recording and mapping system
The set-up may also provide a parametric study of the laser energy or of the voltage applied to the component in particular.
- Laser: wavelength 1030 nm, pulse duration from 200 fs up to 5 ps, repetition rate from single-shot up to 250 MHz, energy of a few nJ
- Optical Resolution: 1 to 5 microns
- Translation stage for the circuit: range 50 x 50 mm, 50 nm resolution | <urn:uuid:0affb18f-61c3-486f-bec4-791a03a6310d> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.alphanov.com/56-services-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424756.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724062304-20170724082304-00441.warc.gz | en | 0.891178 | 289 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Interior design is the research and apply of bettering the interior of a construction to attain a happier and healthier surroundings for these using the space. An inside designer is a person who plans, research, coordinates and supervises these improvement projects. They take an individualized approach to each project, incorporating the wants of the purchasers into the overall scheme of issues. When nicely executed, this art type can beautify a place whereas additionally rising its performance.
Interior decoration encompasses lots of strategies. There are furniture and lighting modifications as well as decorating with textures and fabrics. The decorative arts embrace every thing from wall paintings to lighting results and house planning. All of these items contribute to making the areas look good and feel snug. Normally, inside designers must work carefully with architects so as to ensure the decoration meets the building’s guidelines and regulations.
Certainly one of the principle issues that designers take when contemplating inside design is functionality. Functional interiors should embody locations which can be useful in perform. It will be important that the way in which individuals will use the spaces is clearly identified in order that they can be deliberate accordingly. Some locations might have to have additional storage, whereas others could also be better used as places to sit and loosen up. The needs of the individuals utilizing the spaces are very important when figuring out what the interior designer will choose.
An interior designer should additionally consider how they may decorate an area before really choosing furnishings. While there is no “proper” approach to decorate an area, good planning and selection of furniture to make sure the spaces enchantment to its intended purpose. Good planning of furnishings requires realizing how many people will occupy the designated area and how much furnishings will likely be needed. The inside designer must also take into account any present architectural options or format that might have alteration.
An interior designer should be aware of the current traits in design. Trends change regularly and it is vital to remain up to date with what is going on on this planet of inside design. A pattern may be appealing to at least one segment of the inhabitants, but not be attractive to another. The wants of every type of people have to be thought of in order for there to be consistency in interiors.
A design skilled will most certainly collaborate with architects in designing a brand new office space. Interior designers can supply advice on the right way to design an workplace space to fit the wants of the various staff. Design professionals might have specific experience in working with architects. An architect can give the interior designer concepts on the best way to design a brand new workplace house based mostly on current measurements. Collaboration between inside decorators and architects can help to create an incredible looking house in a short period of time.
The very best level of professionalism is expected in interior designers. At the highest degree of this career, there are quite a lot of accountability and a deal with high quality work. Internship is required at the highest stage. It takes a few years of training and work expertise earlier than an interior designer can attain the title of master interior designer.
In conclusion, an inside designer must have experience with aesthetics as well as technical features of design. An interior designer must also have knowledge of present trends in interiors, along with an understanding of present enterprise practices and social attitudes. Together these elements will help to create and maintain clean, healthy, well-organized and ergonomically pleasant interiors for all workers.
There are numerous job titles in the field of interior design. A term interior decorator refers to someone who holds knowledgeable license to work as an interior designer. An interior designer may additionally hold the title of challenge supervisor or venture coordinator. The contractor or subcontractor is one other widespread time period on this occupation. Designers may also hold the title of undertaking manager, project coordinator, or construction planner.
The primary aim of interior design is to create an area that’s both practical and aesthetically pleasing. Interior designers use furnishings, wall coverings, lighting, window remedies, flooring, counter tops, cabinets, doors, equipment, paint and textures to create spaces that meet folks’s needs. Furniture will be purchased from retail stores or may be made to order on the places of work of the inside designers. Interior designers can select supplies akin to wooden, metallic, glass, and marble. Along with choosing furnishings, inside designers may choose colors, fabrics, wallpaper, flooring, cabinets, sinks, appliances, and sinks for the areas they create.
The price of hiring professionals to create your inside spaces may seem high, however if you happen to plan on dwelling within the spaces for an extended time period, the fee will likely be price it. Your friends and household will admire your choice of furniture and can feel comfortable spending time in your house. If you enjoy spending time exterior in your yard, by nature, you probably don’t want to spend a variety of time in your bedroom or bathroom. Creating an attractive outdoor setting could seem like a huge undertaking, however it may well present a cushty space the place you can chill out and escape the stresses of on a regular basis life.
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Load sharing is a technique commonly used when powering loads requiring low voltage and high current; for this reason a modular power system is built where two (or more) power supplies or DC-DC converters are paralleled and supply the load.
Sharing the output currents is useful to equalize the thermal stress of the different modules providing an advantage in terms of electronic components reliability (mean time between failure roughly doubles every 10°C decrease in operating temperature).
In this application, load sharing control is entrusted to ST's L6615 that features automatic master-slave current sharing control : the supply that delivers the highest current (sensed by means of an external resistor) acts as the master and drives a common reference (share bus) to a voltage proportional to its output current; the feedback voltage of the others paralleled power supplies (slaves) is then trimmed by an "adjustment" network so that they can support their amount of load current. The slave supplies work as current-controlled current sources.
Moreover a paralleled supply architecture allows achieving redundancy (a system of paralleled power supplies, each delivering a current lower than its nominal capability); the failure of one of the modules can be tolerated until the capability of the remaining power supplies is enough to provide the required load current. In this way an interruptible power supply will be designed, reducing the failure rate of the output bus.
In hot-swappable applications, whenever a section fails, it has to be removed and replaced without turning off the system and causing significant perturbation to both input and output system buses.
At insertion, each section exhibits a certain amount of discharged capacitance between the input terminals: if no inrush current limiting protection is implemented, this will cause a large negative drop on the input bus voltage (the analysis of this issue is beyond the purpose of this document).
The same problem occurs on the output side whenever the load is already supplied by other running sections: the discharged output capacitors of the inserted section are a very low impedance that can generate a negative drop on the load bus. This could trigger the UV/OC protection or cause a false value if a logic circuit reads the power supply output voltage at its input. | <urn:uuid:48fef6cb-eee3-4556-a215-a75f71a47b14> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.electronicsinfoline.com/pin/42746/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501172783.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104612-00509-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903952 | 448 | 3.09375 | 3 |
of Ujjayan is known among the twelve
celebrated Jyotirlingas in India.
the glory of Mahakaleshwar Temple
has been vividly described in various
Puranas Starting with Kalidas, many
Snaskrit poets have tradition of
Mahakala in the minds of the people
is eternal. Ujjain used to be the
centre-point for the calculation
of Indian time and Mahakala was
considered as the distinctive presiding
deity of Ujjain.
This Temple has been timeously renovated
through successive historical epochs-Shung,
Kushna, Satavahana, Gupta, Parihar,
Paramara nad comparatively modern
period of Marathas.
Altutmis pulled this temple down
in 1235 A. Reconstruction of the
present temple structure was done
at the intance of Ramchandra Baba
Shenvi, a Subedar of Malwa under
Ranoji Scindia. Renovation and carving
better facilities in the temple
have regularly been looked after
in the contemporary period also.
The idol of Mahakaleshwar is known
to be dakshina-murti or south faced.
The unique distinction of dakshina-murti
worship, upnel in the tantric tradition
is realised only in Mahakaleshwar
among the twelve Jyotirling of India.
Like the Mahakala Shrine installed
in the upper sanctum of Omkareshwar
Temple, the idol of Omkareshwar
Shiva is consecrated in the upper
sanctum of this temple. Nagachandreshwar
image on the this storey is opened
for darshan on Nagpanchmi day only.
Mahakala worship by Vikramaditya
and Bhoja is well-known buth the
temple has continued to receive
Royal grants for its puja-expenses
even in the Mougal period.
Presently this temple is under the
management of Mahakala Mandir Samiti. | <urn:uuid:faafc810-5b27-40d6-ae4e-3f7bc942a3db> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://mahakaleshwar.nic.in/htmlenglish/mainplaces_mahakaltemple.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607960.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525010046-20170525030046-00182.warc.gz | en | 0.872252 | 445 | 2.734375 | 3 |
It has been observed that there are many failures in life that come from parents who also failed in life. It has also been observed that there are some successful people who come from parents who also succeeded in life. The question that easily comes to mind from these observations is, “What is the relationship between an individual’s fate and his family background?” In other words, is an individual’s fate determined by his family background? It is imperative that these questions are asked and also answered correctly in order to help people take responsibility for their destiny.
It should be noted that the belief that an individual’s success depends on his family background is not only incorrect, but misleading and deceptive. There are countless people with the best family background; yet they make nothing meaningful out of life. But there are people whose background is nothing to write about; yet they get the best out of life. In fact, the most exceptionally successful people come from nameless families. It is imperative to note that this observation is valid all over the world. How many people who are exceptionally successful are born of parents with names?
Do you know that there are more successful people from a poor background than from a rich background? Do you know that there are more rich people born into poor families than those born into rich families? While this claim cannot be scientifically verified or falsified, daily observations lend credence to its veracity. In addition, daily experiences confirm the veracity of this statement. Perhaps the fact that there are many successful people from poor backgrounds explains why one writer notes that you shouldn’t let your background be down to earth.
One of the factors that explains why there are more successful people from poor backgrounds is that poverty tends to encourage more effort in the pursuit of success. Children from poor families are usually convinced that since they have no back to stand out, the quality of life that awaits them in the future will be determined by what they can achieve with their efforts. Consequently, they are usually challenged to do their very best in the struggle to free themselves from poverty, except they want to end up like their impoverished parents.
On the other hand, most children from wealthy families, despite all the advantages life has to offer, tend to pursue matters of success with less dedication, usually believing that it will not make any difference in their lives. They usually don’t worry about their futures because they think their parents have secured them for them. This is why they usually waste time bragging about their parent’s achievements, instead of striving for something meaningful in life. They forget that their parents’ success is not theirs.
People should be praised for their achievements and that of their children, but not for their parents’ achievements. A child’s success is part of his parents’ success, but a man’s success is not part of his child’s success. While children need to ensure that their parents’ success is not a threat (or obstacle) to their future; parents must ensure that their success does not threaten their children’s future. Children should be encouraged to pursue their own success, rather than wasting time celebrating their parents’ success.
The point being made is that your destiny in life is not necessarily determined by your background. The fact that your parents failed in life implies that you will fail in life too. Just because your parents are poor doesn’t mean you will be poor too. The fact that your parents are successful is also no guarantee that you will succeed in life. The fact that you were born into a rich family does not mean that you will be rich. You should strive to ensure that your background does not have a negative effect on your destiny. This is how you can qualify yourself as a candidate for success. | <urn:uuid:479473f9-e25b-49c0-94af-e5e054ece31b> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.bestinsurance.id/success-and-family-background | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711045.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205200634-20221205230634-00258.warc.gz | en | 0.985299 | 771 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Every day, more and more physical items–including apparel, pharmaceuticals, packages, automotive parts, and even golf balls–are connected to the Internet by digital identifiers enabled by technologies like RAIN RFID. The digital identifier is a universally unique number that acts like an address to that item’s digital twin, linking the physical item to the digital world.
From retailers gaining visibility into their inventory, to airlines tracking travelers’ luggage, to warehouses ensuring the authenticity of their shipments, businesses around the world are gaining value from real-time visibility into the items they manufacture, transport, or sell. In the future we expect more people, including consumers, to engage a connected thing from its point of manufacture, across the supply chain, and ultimately to their home.
To realize this future, we must deliver a web resolver that links the unique digital identifier associated with the physical item to its digital twin in the cloud. The digital twin includes more information about the item including its history and ownership. A visionary example of what we’d like to achieve with the Internet of Things (IoT) is the Internet itself. IEEE is seeking innovative ideas for a web resolver to enable the next era of digital item ownership.
Today’s IoT is comprised of many disconnected intranets of things, where individual companies or industries can look up their own items, but related parties or consumers cannot access the digital twins for items they own. This may be because companies are connecting their items primarily for short-term business goals and are not yet tackling the long-term potential and complexity of information-sharing and interactions with their supply chain or consumers.
There is also a growing mix of unique identifier numbering systems, which makes it difficult to know the specific intranet where the digital twin resides. Examples of today’s numbering systems include GS1 SGTIN used for retail, ISO IATA used for airline baggage, and vendor-defined, or proprietary, systems used for custom, or “closed-loop,” systems which typically deliver value to a single user and application (see “Resources” under the FAQ tab for more information on numbering systems). Additional numbering systems are created because companies may be unaware of existing standardized numbering systems or find these standards too complex to encode properly or too restrictive compared to the data they’d prefer to encode on their limited-memory RAIN RFID tags. This means that it can be difficult for anyone reading a RAIN RFID tag, such as a consumer wishing to learn more about their items, to know which intranet contains the item’s information. In addition, other IoT technologies have their own digital identifiers which makes it difficult to link together item data from these complimentary systems.
Today’s RAIN RFID number resolution methods do not universally resolve the item identifier stored on a RAIN RFID tag, which has limited memory (typically around 96 or 128 bits). The variety of numbering systems used to encode the unique identifier on a RAIN RFID tag makes it difficult to know where to go to decode the data. Even if you are able to identify the data owner, the resolver and/or the intranet to which it points is typically a private service that does not allow access to the digital twin, let alone the transfer of its ownership throughout the item lifecycle. Each item owner may want to define and share item information differently– for example, the manufacturer may want to track the batch in which the item was produced and share this information with supply chain partners; whereas the consumer may want to store how much the item cost but not share this information with anyone. Further, a persistent unique-identifier attached to an item can be considered personally-identifiable information, meaning that the identifier needs to be protected for privacy.
EEE will provide a cash prize for three innovative web resolver architecture submissions and will allow the winners to present at an upcoming CRFID conference.
- First place: USD $3,000
- Second place: USD $2,000
- Third place: USD $1,000
IEEE will also offer up to four solvers a $1,000 cash incentive for demonstrating their idea by successfully resolving a population of unique identifiers provided by IEEE with their digital twins on the internet.
In addition, the winner(s) will be featured in IEEE CRFID’s publications, web page, and social media platforms. | <urn:uuid:36d1cf43-bc89-43e7-b31d-3c240a43ab04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://givemechallenge.com/ieee-resolving-the-internet-of-every-thing-competition/47505/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00290.warc.gz | en | 0.928926 | 918 | 2.6875 | 3 |
World Rivers Day is celebrated on last Sunday in the month of September. Rivers provides us many goods and services. Yet the value of rivers has been ignored by both people and policy makers alike that has resulted in degradation of rivers. In recognizing the urgent need to address this issue, United Nations has declared the period from 2005 to 2015 as the decade of “Water for Life” to promote nations to use their water resources in a sustainable manner. Along with this the World Rivers Day was declared in 2005 in order to raise awareness among the general public of the values of rivers and to encourage them to take better care of rivers. The aim of this article is to provide an overview about the present status of rivers, the goods and services provided by them and to encourage all to become active partners in caring for our rivers.
To read full story visit: https://groundviews.org/2021/09/26/rivers-sustain-a-fragile-planet/ | <urn:uuid:450de1fa-1c18-4490-88c9-9403e411f113> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://lankaenvironmentfund.org/rivers-sustain-a-fragile-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304287.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123141754-20220123171754-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.961068 | 198 | 3.703125 | 4 |
UNWTO report finds little commitment to sustainability in most national tourism policies
By Xavier Font.
The Baseline Report on the Integration of Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns into Tourism Policies, developed by UNWTO and UN Environment, reviews the sustainability content in 101 national tourism policies.
Although all tourism policies mention sustainable tourism, only 55% go beyond making a cursory reference to it. Very few quote actual data about the sustainability of current resources, and only 2% make reference to policy instruments related more than two of the SDG12 Sustainable Production and Consumption impact areas (biodiversity and land use, greenhouse emissions, energy, waste and water).
Policy instruments mentioned are primarily voluntary (e.g. awareness raising and awards) and directed to the private sector, with few compulsory or public sector governance cases. Compulsory legislation usually refers to biodiversity and land use. Although 56% of the policies envision the development of mechanisms to monitor the sustainable development of tourism, only 4% of them include information on the progress achieved in implementing areas related to environmental sustainability.
There is no analysis of whether sustainability policies are fit for purpose in any of the 101 documents, which leads us to consider the realised ACAP of DMOs in relation to sustainability management.
Full report here | <urn:uuid:c1da6e61-8e80-484d-b436-c0652802296c> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.toftigers.org/blog-post/few-national-tourism-policies-go-far-enough-on-sustainability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897027.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708124912-20200708154912-00342.warc.gz | en | 0.892757 | 257 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Bill Peet was born in Grandview, Indiana on January 29, 1915 and spent several of his boyhood years on his grandfather’s farm. He taught himself to sketch as a young boy when some photographs he took of zoo animals failed to develop.
Peet worked briefly for a greeting card company before being hired by Disney in 1937. He became Walt Disney’s greatest story man, profoundly influencing some of the studio’s greatest features and creating some of its most memorable characters. He worked on many of the classic films— “Dumbo,” “Cinderella,” “Alice in Wonderland,” “Peter Pan,” “Sleeping Beauty,” 101 Dalmations,” “Sword in the Stone,” and “Song of the South.”
Leaving Disney Studios in 1964 after completing story and character work on “The Jungle Book,” Peet launched himself into another successful career as a popular author and illustrator of children’s books. Working in pen-and-ink and crayon, his first book, Hubert’s Hair Raising Adventure, was published in 1959. With a rare combination of excellent storytelling and appealing enduring illustrations, he went on to publish 34 more books. Other favorites include Chester the Worldly Pig and The Wump World. Bill Peet was awarded a Caldecott Honor in 1990 for his Bill Peet, An Autobiography.
Peet’s life was spilling his imagination out in drawings until he died in May of 2002. | <urn:uuid:f93f0819-6edd-4d83-a291-d7d85bafd910> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.bookologymagazine.com/resources/authors-emeritus/peet-bill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103877410.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630183616-20220630213616-00493.warc.gz | en | 0.983065 | 330 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Since at least the early
4th century AD, a site on Mout Zion, known as The Cenacle, which means
"dining room", was a popular place of pilgrimage for the early Christians.
It is believed to be the site where Jesus celebrated the last supper with
his disciples. The New Testament records that after Jesus ascended into
heaven, the apostles gathered in the "Upper Room" to pray together (Acts
1:13). The culmination of their 9 day vigil was the outpouring of the Holy
Spirit on the day of Pentecost.
The original building which
housed the upper room became a center for the first century Jewish Christians,
and was described as a Judeo-Christian synagogue. It was spared during
the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. It became known as the Church
of the Apostles. In 382 AD the Roman emperor Theodosius I built an
octagonal church, called the Hagia Zion, on the site. The church was destroyed
in 614 AD when Persia invaded Jerusalem. It was destroyed and rebuilt several
times during the Muslim occupation of Jerusalem which began in 637. The
structure which stands today was rebuilt by the Crusaders in the 12th century.
Portions of the original first century walls of the Judeo- Christian synagogue
(see floor plan diagram
below) can still be seen today.
Jesus' Last Supper
with his disciples
In Jesus' time, every male Jew,
who was of age and lived within 15 miles of Jerusalem, was bound to celebrate
Passover every year in Jerusalem. This annual feast commemorated
the deliverance of the people of Israel from their slavery in Egypt (see
Exodus 12). On that night the angel of death slew the first-born
of the Egyptians; but he "passed over" the homes of the Israelites, because
the lintel of their doors was smeared with the blood of an unblemished
lamb sacrificed for the occasion.
Jesus chose the time of Passover
to fulfill what he had announced at Capernaum Ė giving his disciples his
body and his blood (John 6:51-58). This is the most significant
meal of Jesus and the most important occasion of his breaking of bread.
In this meal Jesus identifies the bread as his body and the cup as his
blood. Christians have understood Jesusí passing over to his Heavenly Father
by his death and resurrection as the new Passover, which is anticipated
in the Last Supper and celebrated in the Eucharist or Lord's Supper, which
fulfills the Jewish Passover and anticipates the final Passover of the
church in the glory of Godís kingdom.
upper room rebuilt by the
Crusaders in the 12th century
painting depicting Mary
Magdalene running to the Cenacle on Easter Sunday morning to tell the sleeping
apostles that she had just seen the Risen Lord
Go to | Holy
Week in Jerusalem | Church
of the Holy Sepulchre | | <urn:uuid:28f9a7fa-bb49-4838-a470-8158ec1b9a23> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.rc.net/wcc/israel/cenacle.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542246.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00298-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966194 | 641 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Does Nutrition Affect Milk Supply?
If you are a breastfeeding or chestfeeding parent, you may have wondered if the food you’re eating affects your milk. The information regarding how nutrition impacts lactation has been around for quite some time. You might wonder though, “How accurate is it?”, or “Does nutrition affect milk supply?”. If you’re interested in learning about whether nutrition plays a role in your milk supply, continue reading!
Please Note: Here at The Nest, we are true believers that SUPPORTED is best. Whether you’re feeidng your baby formula, breastmilk or a combination of the two, what’s most important is that you are supported in the decision that is best for you and your baby. All ways of feeding can provide your baby with high-quality, nutritious food to support a healthy future! However, If you are not breastfeeding, this blog may not be directed for you. BUT we just released another blog that may help to support you on your journey. Click here to learn more about how to know if your baby is getting enough milk, a blog more inclusive to ALL ways of feeding.
Nutrition and Milk Supply
When it comes to lactation, many things can influence your milk supply. This might include your baby’s demand, their latch, stress lvels and your diet. Similar to pregnancy, a lactating person has increased food and fluid requirements. Approximately an additional 330 kcal/day in the first 6 months and an additional 400kcal/day in the second 6 months is needed to produce enough milk for your baby (1). Aside from the increased needs, between old wives tales, media and clever marketing, many foods and drinks have claimed to boost or reduce a milk supply. However, it’s important to know whether or not there is good, valid evidence to support these claims.
Alcohol and Milk Supply
In the past, alcohol was said to help boost milk supply. However, this claim is incorrect and better evidence suggests it may actually reduce milk supply. There are a few reasons why this might be the case. One reason is that alcohol interferes with the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin is responsible for an easier release of milk, and alcohol lessen the output of milk and reduce demand. Another reason alcohol can reduce milk supply is that your baby may not enjoy the flavour of milk that contains alcohol, and may refuse it. The final reason is that it can cause your baby to become sleepy and therefore, not get a proper feed (1).
Caffeine and Milk Supply
While caffeine has been said to reduce a milk supply, the evidence does not seem to agree. It instead states that caffeine can cause a baby to be more wakeful and irritable. Also, claiming large consumption can impact your baby’s iron stores, which is a concern due to the importance of iron in infants. Check out our blog post on Meeting Your Baby’s Iron Needs for more info (1). Health Canada recommends sticking to around 300mg/day (2-3 cups) of caffeinated drinks while you are lactating (2)
Lactation cookies have been around for quite some time, claiming to boost milk supply. These cookies are available to be bought in stores or can be homemade. Many moms, or a quick “google search”, recommend these cookies to help increase your milk supply, but the evidence-based research is limited. Lactation cookies purchased or homemade all vary in ingredients, but often contain three common ingredients: oats, flaxseed and brewers yeast (3). Oats, flaxseed and brewers yeast, all offer excellent nutrients that can be very beneficial to all individuals, but their claims on increasing breast milk volume are inconsistent. It is more likely the inclusion of these nutrient-dense foods that is impacting your milk supply.
Herbs and Milk Supply
Many herbs have been used in folk and traditional medicine as a way to promote or reduce milk flow (4). However, the research regarding herb medicine is unclear. Often small amounts of herbs are used in cooking, and small doses have not documented any affect on milk supply.
Tea is a source of herbs, and one we often see is “Mama’s Milk Tea.” Mama’s milk tea typically contains traditional ingredients that were used to encourage milk flow; fenugreek, fennel, and blessed thistle (4). While these teas are increasingly popular, there is limited information about their safety, and proper dosage and side effects are unknown. For a better breakdown of specific teas, check out our blog “What Can I Drink During Pregnancy?”. To be safe, you should reduce large amounts, sticking to 1-2 cups a day and stay aware of any unusual behaviour from your baby.
Final Notes from The Nest
Overall, lactation and nutrition are complicated topics, let alone together, and there are so many personal factors that can impact both. If you are concerned about your milk supply, check out our blog “Is My Baby Getting Enough Milk” and reach out to a dietitian as soon as possible! A dietitian is a great way to get one-on-one support, connections to specialists, and a better understanding of how nutrition affects YOUR lactation!
Article Written by Bailey McDonagh
Looking for individualized support?
Book a free consultation call to connect with us and see if we’re the right fit for what you’re looking for!
- Whitney E, Rolfes S, Hammond G, Piche L. Understanding Nutrition. 2nd ed. Toronto: Lenore Taylor-Atkins; 2016
- Canada P. Your Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy – Canada.ca [Internet]. Canada.ca. 2021 [cited 03 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/healthy-pregnancy/healthy-pregnancy-guide.html#a13.4
- Blog P. Pavilion for Women Blog | Pavilion for Women [Internet]. Women.texaschildrens.org. [cited 2 November 2021]. Available from: https://women.texaschildrens.org/blog/2017/10/here’s-how-“lactation”-cookie-crumbles
- Brown, E. J. Nutrition Through the Life Cycle (5th). Stamford (CT): Cengage Learning; 2014. | <urn:uuid:668311e8-1e21-4abd-8123-72ecfa40c31e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mamababynutrition.ca/2021/11/15/does-nutrition-affect-milk-supply/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00814.warc.gz | en | 0.93916 | 1,364 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Drought has taken a toll on forage and hay supplies, leaving dairy producers searching for feed. Texas AgriLife Extension Service dairy specialist Ellen Jordan says they need to begin following a systematic approach to forage management.
“After a long, hot and dry summer, Texas and the entire Southern Plains region face a forage shortage,” Jordan said. “Hay, or any other forage for that matter, is selling at a premium — if it can be located.”
Several steps are needed for this systematic approach. She suggests inventorying the current forage supply, analyzing all forages for nutritional value, and working with a nutritionist to determine how much forage will be needed for the herd, including replacements and dry cows, for the coming year.
Jordan cautioned dairy owners to expect more variability with crops grown under drought conditions. Also, depending upon the crop and growing conditions, they should check for nitrates and prussic acid.
To get a ballpark estimate of the forage dry matter needed to feed a herd, she provided the following equations: 1.5 percent of the body weight per day times the number of cows and 1.1 percent of the body weight per day times the number of heifers equals the number of pounds of dry matter per day needed for the herd.
To determine the total pounds of dry matter needed for the herd, figure the pounds of dry matter per day for cows and for heifers and then multiply that number times the number of days they will be needing feed.
For example, if the average body weight of a 100-cow herd was 1,400 pounds, the herd would need – 1,400 pounds X .015 per day X 100 cows – 2,100 pounds of forage dry matter per day just for the cows. If the herd has 90 heifers of all ages that average 700 pounds, the herd needs an additional 700 pounds X .011 per day X 90 or 693 pounds of forage dry matter per day for the heifers.
“If you estimate it will be 250 days until you’ll be able to get more forage from a winter crop, you’ll need 2,100 plus 693 times 250, or 698,250 pounds of forage dry matter,” she said.
To determine how much hay that would be on an as-fed basis, divide the pounds of forage dry matter needed by the percent dry matter in the hay, Jordan said.
“Typically rations are developed to maximize the use of high-quality forages, but this year ask your nutritionist what is the minimum amount you must have to keep the animals healthy,” she said.
And remember, Jordan said, because of the shortage of rain, some failed crops are being harvested for forage rather than their originally intended use. The fiber content may be higher, so less forage may be required to get the same fiber benefit.
The next step in the systematic approach is to locate forages and high fiber by-product feeds, she said. Again, work with the nutritionist to determine ways to stretch forages with products such as beet pulp, soy hulls, corn cobs or other fibrous products that are not typically used.
“Analyze these feeds as well so you can get the most out of them,” Jordan said. “Test, don’t guess.”
Next is the hardest part: compare how much forage is needed to what can be located and then decide if animals need to be sold or relocated to make the two figures meet, she said.
“It may be better to send heifers somewhere else to feed rather than bring more feed to them,” Jordan said. “Or you may decide to sell heifers and concentrate on the cows. But evaluate the cows in your milking herd. Now is the time to cull those cows that aren’t producing enough to cover their feed costs.”
She said producers can consider the forage shortage as an “opportunity” to cull cows with reduced fertility, poor feet and legs, or high somatic cell counts.
“If you have bulls, ask if this is the time to switch to artificial insemination instead and ship the bull,” Jordan said.
The final step of the systematic approach is to conserve the forages that are gathered, she said. Reduce shrink by storing hay in barns if possible. Locate hay stored outside in a well-drained location or on a gravel pad to reduce losses. Consider tarping the hay to further reduce rain damage.
“If you’ve been feeding free choice in bale rings, move to a total mixed ration to reduce waste,” she said.
“Mother Nature has provided yet another challenge,” Jordan said. “Make systematic decisions, rather than buying on impulse. If fall rains permit, consider planting winter forage crops such as small grains to help meet the forage needs of your herd.”
For more dairy information, visit http://texasdairymatters.org. For other drought-related resources visit the AgriLife Extension website at: http://texashelp.tamu.edu/004-natural/droughts.php. | <urn:uuid:ae94cd4b-89cf-4091-b2f5-a96d313116ec> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.dairyherd.com/dairy-news/Short-hay-and-forage-supplies-require-extra-management-on-dairies-131355283.html?source=related&page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783395679.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154955-00144-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92564 | 1,103 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Today we are going to talk about a very interesting subject that arouses the curiosity of entrepreneurs when creating the visual identity of their brand, however few know the importance of colors in the use of brands and all the materials that surround it.
It is very common to see colors being used so that a brand’s logo and visual identity is remembered by our brain. However in addition to creating identification and association we also have to worry about how the color chosen to be used in campaigns, websites and brand advertisements will impact the consumer. When we talk about marketing and business strategies for this new era, every implicit detail is very important!
“If a good color sells, the right color sells better!”
Understanding the psychology of colors is fundamental to the success of a company, as they have great influence on people’s minds and sensations and depending on the color used in their ads and visual identity, it can cause positive or negative results in the public. That is why it is important to stimulate your consumer with the right color for your business.
For you to understand how the use of colors are so important, especially for brands, Coca-Cola red is a specific color and patented by the brand as well as Ferrari red, if another company makes advertisements or visual identity using that shade it can take a lawsuit. As was the case with Barbie, who has her pink rose registered in more than 100 different categories by Mattel. When MCA used the color on the cover of the CD that contained the song “Barbie Girl” the company received a lawsuit from the brand for using its patented color.
Come with us and learn more about the psychology of each color and how it came about.
What is color psychology?
Color psychology is the study that seeks to understand the way that our brain identifies and associates colors with our sensations, analyzing how each one has an effect on people, such as changes in emotions, feelings, desires and much more.
How did color psychology come about?
The German Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe who created the “Theory of Color”. According to the scientist, color depends not only on light and the environment, but also on our perception of the object. The identification of tones is subjective, but the effects of colors are universal. Warm colors like red, yellow and orange are dynamic and stimulating. Cold colors (blue, purple and green) have soothing properties, are soft and static.
How can colors affect a business?
Even though they know the importance of colors for a business, many entrepreneurs do not give priority and relevance to this very rich detail in branding strategies.
There is no lack of data to show how important color choice is for a brand, see, according to Neil Patel, color represents 85% of the reason why you bought a specific product. And even if it seems like an exaggeration, I ask you: When did you buy a shirt in a color that you don’t like or that you don’t feel comfortable wearing in your day to day? Of course, in this case we are talking about the taste and personality of each one, but it is just to illustrate how color is unconditionally involved in our purchase decision. Surveys state that 93% of consumers consider that visual appearance is the factor that most contributes to the final purchase decision.
So don’t forget the color psychology for your projects, the wrong choice can lead to a bad positioning and consequently bad results.
Remembering that each color and its different shades can present positive and negative characteristics in the same color.
Psychology of each color
-Red: it has the ability to stimulate the human body, causing it to increase in blood pressure and the number of heartbeats. It is a color used to convey the feeling of high intensity and confidence. Other related emotions: anger, passion, heat, danger, violence, excitement.
-Yellow: it is considered the color of optimism and energy. It also has the ability to stimulate people’s concentration and intellect. Another sensation associated with this color is that of comfort and happiness. Among some of the feelings like: wisdom, joy, optimism, idealism, illness, cowardice.
-Orange: conveys the idea of movement, excitement and desire for action. The color psychology attributes the feeling of joy, sociability and animation to orange. Among other feelings such as: humor, energy, extravagance, enthusiasm, friendliness.
-Purple: acts directly on the brain area aimed at creativity, promoting a stimulus for the solution of creative blocks. The feeling of calm and tranquility are also related to purple. For this reason, various spiritual and faith-related themes are represented in this color. It still represents the image of success, nobility and wealth. Among other relationships, emphasis on: mystery, wisdom, arrogance, intimacy and eroticism.
-Blue: conveys the idea of calm, serenity and tranquility. For this reason, it is usually used to represent professionalism, stability and security. Other related emotions are: loyalty, tranquility, harmony, trust, cleanliness, cold.
-Green: it is associated with health, vitality, nature and fertility. For psychologists, this color has the ability to calm people and relieve stress. Other feelings: hope, pride, good luck, youth, generosity, jealousy.
-Pink: conveys the feeling of innovation and differentiation, arousing the public’s desire and attention to know something new. It causes a positive and motivating effect.
It is important to make it clear that the information received and understood by the brain can vary from person to person, so the perception and sensation of the chosen color can be subjective in certain occasions. So when we talk about color psychology applied in marketing, we understand that colors impact people in different ways, so it is recommended that tests be done to find out which shade and color bring positive responses and with an increase in conversion rates.
Start right now, talk to your audience and find out what are the shades that awaken positive feelings and characteristic of your business. | <urn:uuid:34a9c41d-b4a9-4499-a040-9f2fc02a5c6b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://utechdigital.com/color-psychology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129144110-20230129174110-00845.warc.gz | en | 0.944137 | 1,241 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Every afternoon at about 3:30, Jack went around closing all the curtains in his house. At first his wife opposed him. “Why are you doing that? It’s still light out!” But even if she stopped him and opened the curtains, as soon as her back was turned, he closed them again.
Jack, like many people with Alzheimer’s, finds darkness frightening. Because he dreads it, he prepares ahead of time to shut it out. His wife now accepts this new reality; when he starts closing curtains, she follows him around, turning on lights.
Jack is experiencing a common but poorly understood phenomenon known as “sundowning.” As I explained in Part 1 on this topic—and as many caregivers well know—sundowning is an increase in anxiety and distress that people with dementia of any kind can experience in the late afternoon or evening. Though its cause has not been pinned down, there are two, widely agreed-on contributors to its occurrence: disrupted circadian rhythms (discussed in Part 1) and environmental stress, which this blog will explore.
Some elements of the environment, which the rest of us hardly notice, unduly challenge people living with dementia. Things like darkness—not only the darkness outside that frightened Jack, but inside as well. Families should keep rooms well lit in the evening to eliminate dark corners and shadows.
Other environmental stresses overload the senses: a cluttered room, loud noises, too many people talking at once, TV, crowds or too much activity.
One theory attributes this sensitivity to overstimulation to a “progressively lowered stress threshold.” That is, the person with Alzheimer’s can’t tolerate as much stress as he or she once could. He may start the day relatively calm, but his environment is now so challenging to his impaired abilities that by late afternoon, he has had it. He’s tired and frustrated, but because of his cognitive problems, he may have a hard time processing what he’s feeling or saying what he needs. A sensitive and patient caregiver who listens very carefully may be able to piece together what those needs are, but if not, then in desperation the person with dementia may express his frustration with anger, agitation or aggression, or by crying or yelling.
Small children, with their immature nervous systems, can easily have a meltdown at the end of a day too long or too hectic for their limited capacities. A grownup with a damaged nervous system may have a meltdown for similar reasons.
As dementia advances, people’s tolerance for stress gradually decreases. It gets harder and harder for them to screen out extraneous noise, or to focus on one person if there are a dozen others milling around. It is essential to adapt their environment to their needs in order to reduce stress and try to keep anxiety and sundowning at bay.
When your care partner becomes anxious or angry—especially late in the day—observe her (or his) surroundings and review what happened to see if you can recognize what touched off her distress. Then try to avoid those triggers.
The last time I took my mother out to dinner, as soon as we drove into the parking lot and she saw the many cars parked there, she panicked. “We’re not going to go here, are we?” And so we didn’t. After that, I took her out for lunch—a time of day when she was more tranquil. And we stuck to smaller restaurants to avoid crowds.
Sundowning commonly happens in nursing homes when the shift changes in midafternoon. Some researchers hypothesize that residents take their cue from that and return to long-established habits. Seeing people leaving may prompt them to think it’s time to go home from work. And they try to leave too.
Evelyn lived in a secured dementia unit at an assisted-living residence. Every day she put on her coat at 3:00—the time she used to pick up her children from school—and tried frantically to open the door. The only way to calm her was to tell her that the children were safe: they had been picked up. She could then be distracted with, “Why don’t we have a cup of tea?”
Her insightful husband learned to forestall these episodes by arriving to visit her at 2:30 and bringing a thermos of tea and some scones with him.
There is a cruel catch-22 within the environmental-stress model of sundowning. If the person with dementia has had it by the late afternoon, so has the exhausted caregiver. And yet she (or he) is told she needs to remain calm to avoid making matters worse. It helps if someone else can take the sundowner for a quiet walk, or can put on some quiet music, to allow the caregiver to have some peace while she fixes dinner.
Another behavior linked to sundowning is restlessness. It can range from a vague uneasiness to compulsive motor activity such as furious pacing. As long as it’s done outdoors in a fenced-in area or indoors in adequate space, walking determinedly back and forth is relatively safe and harmless.
But don’t try to stop or interrupt these pacers. They may react violently: this seems to be an activity beyond the person’s control. It’s best to just let them wear themselves out.
It can go on for an hour or two and is hard to watch. Susan’s husband would begin to pace every night at 7:00. She would survey the path he took—the length of the living room—to be sure it was safe. Then she would take her knitting into the family room, where she couldn’t see her husband, and turn on one of her favorite TV shows. After two hours, she knew she’d find her husband slumped on the living room couch, calmed and exhausted and ready to go to bed.
For people living with Alzheimer’s or other dementias, environmental stresses aren’t just external things like loud noises or crowds. There are internal stressors as well–feelings like loneliness, boredom, fear and sadness—and at sundown, their ability to cope with these emotions is much lower.
Involving them in suitable activities—especially with other people or pets—is the best way to allay negative feelings. Their needs to feel useful, included and loved are often overlooked, especially when they can’t communicate them other than by acting out their frustrations. Like everyone else, they feel safer when they are with those who love them and are engaged in ways that make them feel good about themselves.
Richard reliably became belligerent in the late afternoon and frightened other residents in his dementia unit. One day a carpenter was installing some cabinets in the kitchen area. Richard hung around, watching him, and the carpenter asked Richard to sand some pieces of wood trim for him. Richard eagerly complied. For the next several days, he had a job and a purpose.
His belligerence disappeared. The director of the unit feared it would return once the carpenter had finished, so she bought a stack of unsanded wood trim and some sandpaper. She instructed Richard’s aide to bring them out every afternoon so he could continue to engage in a meaningful activity. Later, with his permission, the sanded trim was used to frame the artwork of other residents, a great source of pride for Richard.
If we regard sundowning symptoms as bad behavior—which, admittedly, is all too easy to do—we will respond in ways that add immeasurably to the person’s stress and make matters worse.
But if we recognize that people who are sundowning are in the grip of a real crisis and are expressing genuine needs, we will approach them differently. If we can accommodate them—as Jack’s wife eventually did in allowing him to close the curtains—we will soothe them. We’ll show them we care and let them know they aren’t alone on this hard journey.
When his wife became agitated at sundown, one man would say to her brightly, “Let’s dance!” And they did.
Call that distraction. Or call it magic. I call it love. | <urn:uuid:837014bd-d5e5-47af-b7bd-5e53abc9babd> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://www.silvercentury.org/2019/10/whats-behind-sundowning-part-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400202007.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921175057-20200921205057-00402.warc.gz | en | 0.977457 | 1,732 | 3.015625 | 3 |
January 28th in NYC History
Posted: Jan 27, 2013 | 10:39 PM
by Jared Goldstein
1754: "Romeo and Juliet" premiered in New York at The New Theater on Nassau Street.
1832: Inventor John Stevens, "Father of the American Railroad," published a vision for an elevated railroad. It was to be held up by twelve-foot high wooden posts. It was intended for crowded New York City (in today's Lower Manhattan / Financial District). He would not live to see it, among several of his other transportation visions which included a national rail system and steamboats, made in America.
His final years were on an estate in New Jersey's Hoboken, NYC's little brother, which became one of the world's great transportation nodes for rail and boat shipping across the Hudson River from NYC. His property is where the Stevens Institute of Technology is based, named for his family of inventors, industrialists, and benefactors.
Let's go on a Hoboken Tour. Much history in one-square-mile less than $3 and 20 minutes from Manhattan.
1912: 'New York School' abstract action painter Jackson Pollack born in Wyoming.
1936: Actor Alan Alda born in NYC.
1974: Muhammad Ali prevails over Joe Frazier at Madison Square Garden after a unanimous 12-round decision. | <urn:uuid:b9f98fd4-780e-48e4-9877-6915d5014408> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://jaredthenyctourguide.com/blog/2013/01/27/january-28th-in-nyc-history.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743294.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20181117061450-20181117083450-00135.warc.gz | en | 0.966208 | 283 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Food in the Classroom
from previous page
Caldwell and her husband, also a teacher, share the concerns about junk food, though. “A local school is currently raising money for new playground equipment and the parent group has sold chocolates, milkshakes and suckers throughout the school year. I joked with my husband that by the time the money is raised, the children will all be overweight and really need the equipment.”
Caldwell believes there are higher expectations now than when she was a child for school trips, and playgrounds are more expensive to build because of enhanced safety standards.
Fundraising is ingrained as a means of providing for sports teams, music programs, field trips or sometimes even basic school costs, such as library books. Gregg Bereznick is a superintendent of education for the Waterloo Region District School Board in Ontario and has watched this evolve over 25 years in the school system.
“There is a growing interest in fundraising to enhance those extras in the elementary schools,” he says, and that often involves food products. But at the same time, schools are dealing with food allergies, diabetes and other health issues.
“For principals, the food landscape has never been more complex,” says Bereznick. He describes a duality – while there may be more food in the schools, there is also more focus on health. “I think the birthday cake in the classroom is a dying trend. I’m not saying it doesn’t happen, but this [current] group of parents is more interested in nutrition than ever before.”
In looking to the future, Anne Muñoz-Furlong, the founder and former CEO of the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network, sees a natural evolution between the recognition of kids’ nutritional needs and awareness of food allergies in school.
“From an educator’s perspective, having everyone avoid sweet snacks and desserts, which often contain allergens such as milk, eggs or peanuts, will make it easier to keep the children with food allergies safe. However, this goes beyond food allergies; the children with other diseases, such as diabetes, will benefit as well.”
As the food allergic are all too aware, telling other parents what they can and can’t pack in their children’s lunches can be fraught with controversy. But the beauty of the nutritional approach is that it is for the benefit of everyone’s children, with food allergic kids also reaping the benefits of lessened exposures.
As Muñoz-Furlong notes, “fruits and vegetables are a better food choice for everyone.”
Change in that direction may be slow and uneven, but given the alarming statistics on children’s weight and allergies, in North America more provinces and states may soon feel the pressure to get in step with Nova Scotia’s lead.
And one day, in the not-so distant future, perhaps a child will ask: “Mom, did you really used to eat cake – at school?” | <urn:uuid:0e3dbce8-b9ad-419b-a494-cf9d0adb01c5> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://allergicliving.com/2010/07/02/food-allergy-food-in-the-class-pt-1/4/?override=CA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997886087.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025806-00008-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969049 | 638 | 2.6875 | 3 |
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