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L_0179 | geothermal power | T_1220 | FIGURE 1.1 A geothermal energy plant in Iceland. Ice- land gets about one fourth of its electricity from geothermal sources. | image | textbook_images/geothermal_power_20804.png |
L_0180 | glaciers | T_1222 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/glaciers_20805.png |
L_0180 | glaciers | T_1225 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/glaciers_20806.png |
L_0180 | glaciers | T_1227 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/glaciers_20807.png |
L_0181 | global warming | T_1230 | FIGURE 1.1 Recent temperature increases show how much temperature has risen since the Industrial Revolution began. | image | textbook_images/global_warming_20808.png |
L_0181 | global warming | T_1232 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/global_warming_20809.png |
L_0181 | global warming | T_1232 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/global_warming_20810.png |
L_0181 | global warming | T_1232 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/global_warming_20811.png |
L_0183 | gravity in the solar system | T_1238 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/gravity_in_the_solar_system_20814.png |
L_0184 | greenhouse effect | T_1240 | FIGURE 1.1 The Earths heat budget shows the amount of energy coming into and going out of the Earths system and the im- portance of the greenhouse effect. The numbers are the amount of energy that is found in one square meter of that location. | image | textbook_images/greenhouse_effect_20815.png |
L_0184 | greenhouse effect | DD_0082 | This diagram illustrates the basic processes behind the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth, and, in fact, is quite necessary for our survival. In the shown diagram, arrows display how the greenhouse effect works. Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun passes through the Earthó»s atmosphere. The Earth absorbs these short wavelengths and warms up. Heat is then radiated from the Earth as longer wavelength infrared radiation. Some of this infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Absorption of heat causes the atmosphere to warm and emit its own infrared radiation. The Earthó»s surface and lower atmosphere warm until they reach a temperature where the infrared radiation emitted back into space, plus the directly reflected solar radiation, balance the absorbed energy coming in from the Sun. The equilibrium of incoming and outgoing radiation is what keeps the Earth warm and habitable. | image | teaching_images/greenhouse_effect_6945.png |
L_0184 | greenhouse effect | DD_0083 | When sunlight heats Earth's surface, some of the heat radiates back into the atmosphere. Some of this heat is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. This is the greenhouse effect, and it helps to keep Earth warm. The greenhouse effect also allows Earth to have temperatures that can support life. Gases that absorb heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. They include carbon dioxide and water vapor mainly and a small amount of methane and ozone as well. Human actions have increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The diagram here illustrates exactly what is written above. Apart from Earth, in the Solar System, there also greenhouse effects on Mars, Venus, and Titan. Thus, if it were not for greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere, the Earth would be a very cold place. | image | teaching_images/greenhouse_effect_6940.png |
L_0185 | groundwater aquifers | T_1242 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/groundwater_aquifers_20816.png |
L_0185 | groundwater aquifers | T_1245 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/groundwater_aquifers_20817.png |
L_0185 | groundwater aquifers | T_1245 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/groundwater_aquifers_20818.png |
L_0185 | groundwater aquifers | T_1245 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/groundwater_aquifers_20819.png |
L_0186 | groundwater depletion | T_1247 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/groundwater_depletion_20820.png |
L_0187 | groundwater pollution | T_1251 | FIGURE 1.1 Tanks may break and leak whatever tox- ins they contain into the ground. | image | textbook_images/groundwater_pollution_20824.png |
L_0188 | growth of human populations | T_1254 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/growth_of_human_populations_20825.png |
L_0188 | growth of human populations | T_1254 | FIGURE 1.2 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/186839 | image | textbook_images/growth_of_human_populations_20826.png |
L_0191 | heat transfer in the atmosphere | T_1258 | FIGURE 1.1 Thermal convection where the heat source is at the bottom and there is a ceiling at the top. | image | textbook_images/heat_transfer_in_the_atmosphere_20827.png |
L_0192 | heat waves and droughts | T_1261 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/heat_waves_and_droughts_20828.png |
L_0196 | hot springs and geysers | T_1278 | FIGURE 1.1 Even in winter, the water in this hot spring in Yellowstone doesnt freeze. | image | textbook_images/hot_springs_and_geysers_20837.png |
L_0196 | hot springs and geysers | T_1279 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/hot_springs_and_geysers_20838.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1280 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20839.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1282 | FIGURE 1.2 Hyenas eating an antelope. Will the ante- lope in this photo become a fossil? | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20840.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1282 | FIGURE 1.3 Fossil shell that has been attacked by a boring sponge. | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20841.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1283 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20842.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1285 | FIGURE 1.5 organisms can be buried by mudslides, volcanic ash, or covered by sand in a sandstorm (Figure 1.6). Skeletons can be covered by mud in lakes, swamps, or bogs. | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20843.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1285 | FIGURE 1.6 | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20844.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1286 | FIGURE 1.7 of past climates and geological conditions as well. | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20845.png |
L_0197 | how fossilization creates fossils | T_1287 | FIGURE 1.8 | image | textbook_images/how_fossilization_creates_fossils_20846.png |
L_0198 | how ocean currents moderate climate | T_1288 | FIGURE 1.1 London, England in winter. | image | textbook_images/how_ocean_currents_moderate_climate_20847.png |
L_0198 | how ocean currents moderate climate | T_1288 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/how_ocean_currents_moderate_climate_20848.png |
L_0199 | human evolution | T_1291 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/human_evolution_20849.png |
L_0199 | human evolution | T_1291 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/human_evolution_20850.png |
L_0201 | igneous rocks | T_1301 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/igneous_rocks_20853.png |
L_0202 | impact of continued global warming | T_1303 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/impact_of_continued_global_warming_20854.png |
L_0202 | impact of continued global warming | T_1304 | FIGURE 1.2 Temperature changes over Antarctica. | image | textbook_images/impact_of_continued_global_warming_20855.png |
L_0202 | impact of continued global warming | T_1304 | FIGURE 1.3 Although scientists do not all agree, hurricanes are likely to become more severe and possibly more frequent. Tropical and subtropical insects will expand their ranges, resulting in the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria, encephalitis, yellow fever, and dengue fever. | image | textbook_images/impact_of_continued_global_warming_20856.png |
L_0203 | impacts of hazardous waste | T_1305 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/impacts_of_hazardous_waste_20857.png |
L_0203 | impacts of hazardous waste | T_1309 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/impacts_of_hazardous_waste_20858.png |
L_0204 | importance of the atmosphere | T_1311 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/importance_of_the_atmosphere_20859.png |
L_0204 | importance of the atmosphere | T_1314 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/importance_of_the_atmosphere_20860.png |
L_0205 | importance of the oceans | T_1320 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/importance_of_the_oceans_20861.png |
L_0206 | influences on weathering | T_1321 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/influences_on_weathering_20862.png |
L_0206 | influences on weathering | T_1323 | FIGURE 1.2 Wet, warm tropical areas have the most weathering. | image | textbook_images/influences_on_weathering_20863.png |
L_0207 | inner vs. outer planets | T_1324 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/inner_vs._outer_planets_20864.png |
L_0207 | inner vs. outer planets | T_1325 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/inner_vs._outer_planets_20865.png |
L_0211 | introduction to groundwater | T_1341 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_groundwater_20870.png |
L_0212 | intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | T_1343 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/intrusive_and_extrusive_igneous_rocks_20871.png |
L_0212 | intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | T_1343 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/intrusive_and_extrusive_igneous_rocks_20872.png |
L_0212 | intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | T_1344 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/intrusive_and_extrusive_igneous_rocks_20873.png |
L_0212 | intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | T_1344 | FIGURE 1.4 case, the magma cooled enough to form some crystals before erupting. Once erupted, the rest of the lava cooled rapidly. This is called porphyritic texture. | image | textbook_images/intrusive_and_extrusive_igneous_rocks_20874.png |
L_0212 | intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | T_1344 | FIGURE 1.5 | image | textbook_images/intrusive_and_extrusive_igneous_rocks_20875.png |
L_0213 | jupiter | T_1346 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/jupiter_20876.png |
L_0213 | jupiter | T_1346 | FIGURE 1.2 Jupiters structure. | image | textbook_images/jupiter_20877.png |
L_0213 | jupiter | T_1347 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/jupiter_20878.png |
L_0213 | jupiter | T_1348 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/jupiter_20879.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1360 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20887.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1360 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20888.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1360 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20889.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1360 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20890.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1360 | FIGURE 1.5 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20891.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1362 | FIGURE 1.6 A large boulder dropped by a glacier is a glacial erratic. | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20892.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1363 | FIGURE 1.7 The long, dark lines on a glacier in Alaska are medial and lateral moraines. | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20893.png |
L_0215 | landforms from glacial erosion and deposition | T_1364 | FIGURE 1.8 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_glacial_erosion_and_deposition_20894.png |
L_0216 | landforms from groundwater erosion and deposition | T_1367 | FIGURE 1.1 When water sinks into the ground, it be- comes groundwater. | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_groundwater_erosion_and_deposition_20895.png |
L_0216 | landforms from groundwater erosion and deposition | T_1367 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_groundwater_erosion_and_deposition_20896.png |
L_0216 | landforms from groundwater erosion and deposition | T_1368 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_groundwater_erosion_and_deposition_20897.png |
L_0216 | landforms from groundwater erosion and deposition | T_1368 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/landforms_from_groundwater_erosion_and_deposition_20898.png |
L_0217 | lithification of sedimentary rocks | T_1369 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/lithification_of_sedimentary_rocks_20899.png |
L_0221 | location and direction | T_1381 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/location_and_direction_20907.png |
L_0221 | location and direction | T_1386 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/location_and_direction_20908.png |
L_0222 | long term climate change | T_1388 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/long_term_climate_change_20909.png |
L_0222 | long term climate change | T_1390 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/long_term_climate_change_20910.png |
L_0222 | long term climate change | T_1391 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/long_term_climate_change_20911.png |
L_0224 | magnetic evidence for seafloor spreading | T_1393 | FIGURE 1.1 Magnetic polarity is normal at the ridge crest but reversed in symmetrical patterns away from the ridge center. This normal and reversed pattern continues across the seafloor. | image | textbook_images/magnetic_evidence_for_seafloor_spreading_20912.png |
L_0224 | magnetic evidence for seafloor spreading | T_1394 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/magnetic_evidence_for_seafloor_spreading_20913.png |
L_0225 | magnetic polarity evidence for continental drift | T_1395 | FIGURE 1.1 Magnetite crystals. | image | textbook_images/magnetic_polarity_evidence_for_continental_drift_20914.png |
L_0225 | magnetic polarity evidence for continental drift | T_1396 | FIGURE 1.2 Earths current north magnetic pole is in northern Canada. | image | textbook_images/magnetic_polarity_evidence_for_continental_drift_20915.png |
L_0225 | magnetic polarity evidence for continental drift | T_1396 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/magnetic_polarity_evidence_for_continental_drift_20916.png |
L_0225 | magnetic polarity evidence for continental drift | T_1398 | FIGURE 1.4 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/186134 | image | textbook_images/magnetic_polarity_evidence_for_continental_drift_20917.png |
L_0226 | maps | T_1399 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/maps_20918.png |
L_0226 | maps | T_1400 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/maps_20919.png |
L_0226 | maps | T_1400 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/maps_20920.png |
L_0227 | mars | T_1402 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/mars_20921.png |
L_0227 | mars | T_1405 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/mars_20922.png |
L_0227 | mars | T_1405 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/mars_20923.png |
L_0227 | mars | T_1405 | FIGURE 1.4 The north polar ice cap on Mars. | image | textbook_images/mars_20924.png |
L_0227 | mars | T_1406 | FIGURE 1.5 The Mars Science Laboratory was launched on November 26, 2011 and will search for any evidence that the Red Planet was once capable of supporting life. Curiosity is a car-sized rover that will scour the red planet for clues after it lands in August 2012. | image | textbook_images/mars_20925.png |
L_0229 | measuring earthquake magnitude | T_1409 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/measuring_earthquake_magnitude_20926.png |
L_0230 | mechanical weathering | T_1411 | FIGURE 1.1 Ice wedging. | image | textbook_images/mechanical_weathering_20927.png |
L_0230 | mechanical weathering | T_1412 | FIGURE 1.2 Rocks on a beach are worn down by abrasion as passing waves cause them to strike each other. | image | textbook_images/mechanical_weathering_20928.png |
L_0230 | mechanical weathering | T_1414 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/mechanical_weathering_20929.png |
L_0231 | mercury | T_1415 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/mercury_20930.png |
L_0231 | mercury | T_1417 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/mercury_20931.png |
L_0231 | mercury | T_1418 | FIGURE 1.3 Mercury contains a thin crust, a mantle, and a large, liquid core that is rich in iron. Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/186936 | image | textbook_images/mercury_20932.png |
L_0232 | mercury pollution | T_1420 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/mercury_pollution_20933.png |
L_0232 | mercury pollution | T_1421 | FIGURE 1.2 Methyl mercury bioaccumulates up the food chain. | image | textbook_images/mercury_pollution_20934.png |
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