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Litopterna | Further reading | Further reading
|
Litopterna | External links | External links
An artist's rendition of a Macrauchenia, a representative genus of the Litopterna. Retrieved from the Red Académica Uruguaya megafauna page
Category:Panperissodactyla
Category:Danian first appearances
Category:Holocene extinctions
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1889
Category:Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino |
Litopterna | Table of Content | Short description, Diversity, Ecology, Evolutionary history, Classification, References, Further reading, External links |
Federation Council (disambiguation) | '''Federation Council''' | Federation Council may refer to:
Federation Council (Russia), the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia
Federation Council (RSFSR) (1990–1991)
Federation Council (USSR) (1990–1991)
Federation Council (SFRY) (1963–1974)
Federation Council (Star Trek), an organization in the fictional Star Trek universe
Federation Council (Iraq), the de jure upper house of the Legislature of Iraq
Federation Council (New South Wales), a local government area in Australia |
Federation Council (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Council of the Federation, an organization made up of the premiers of Canada's thirteen provinces and territories
Federal Council (disambiguation), a list of organizations named "Federal Council" |
Federation Council (disambiguation) | Table of Content | '''Federation Council''', See also |
Paul Vieille | # | redirect Paul Marie Eugène Vieille |
Paul Vieille | Table of Content | # |
Anton Rupert | short description | Anthony Edward Rupert OMSG (4 October 1916 – 18 January 2006) was a South African businessman and conservationist.
He was born on 4 October, 1916 and raised in the small town of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape Province of the Union of South Africa. His parents were John Peter Rupert and Hester Adriana Rupert.
He studied in Pretoria and ultimately moved to Stellenbosch, where he established the Rembrandt Groupwww.remgro.co.za and where it still has its headquarters today. He died in his sleep at his home in Thibault Street, Stellenbosch at the age of 89. |
Anton Rupert | Early life | Early life
After dropping out of medical school due to a lack of funds, Rupert earned a chemistry degree at the University of Pretoria, where he also lectured for a short while. Subsequently, he started a dry-cleaning business.
Some time later, with an initial investment of £10 and together with two fellow investors, he started manufacturing cigarettes in his garage, which he eventually built into the tobacco and industrial conglomerate Rembrandt Group, overseeing its transition to the industrial and luxury branded goods sectors, with Rembrandt eventually splitting into Remgro (an investment company with financial, mining and industrial interests) and Richemont (a Swiss-based luxury goods group). Currently, this business empire encompasses hundreds of companies located in 35 countries on six continents, with combined yearly net sales in the region of US$10 billion.
Rupert had also been deeply involved in environmental conservation and his companies have been prominent in funding the fine arts; since 1964, foundations established by Rembrandt have used a part of the group's profits for the promotion of education, art, music and the preservation of historical buildings.
He also played an important role in the South African Small Business Development Corporation (SBDC), a non-profit company whose loans to small and medium-sized businesses have created nearly half a million jobs since 1981. |
Anton Rupert | Business career | Business career
Rupert established the tobacco company "Voorbrand Tobacco Company" in 1939 manufacturing snuff. He soon renamed it Rembrandt Ltd., whose overseas tobacco interests were consolidated into Rothmans in 1972.
In 1988, the Rembrandt group founded the Swiss luxury goods company, Richemont, which in turn acquired Rembrandt's shares in Rothmans. Richemont also owns such luxury brands as Cartier (jewellery); Alfred Dunhill and Sulka (designer clothing); Seeger (leather bags); Piaget, Baume & Mercier and Vacheron Constantin (Swiss watches) and Montblanc (writing instruments).
In 1995, Rembrandt and Richemont consolidated their respective tobacco interests into Rothmans International, which was at the time the world's fourth largest cigarette manufacturer.
In 1999, Rothmans International merged with British American Tobacco (BAT), the world's second largest cigarette producer. Remgro held 10% and Richemont held 18.6% of BAT before unbundling.
Anton's eldest son, Johann Rupert, is now the CEO of Richemont and chairman of Remgro.
The Rupert family is also deeply involved in the South African wine and liquor industry, owning the L'Ormarins and La Motte wine estates and having a stake in Rupert & Rothschild Vignerons, the wine-making partnership between the Rupert and Rothschild families (at the time of his death due to a car crash in 2001, Rupert's youngest son, Anthonij, was head of Rupert & Rothschild Vignerons.)
The Ruperts also partially control two of South Africa's largest wine merchant houses, Stellenbosch Farmers' Winery (SFW) and Distillers Corporation, who together produce one of every six bottles of wine in South Africa and nearly eighty percent of the country's brandy. These two companies have merged to form Distell Group Limited.
Among other interests, the Rupert Group also owns South Africa's second-largest chain of private hospitals, the Medi-Clinic Corporation, with 5,500 beds.
According to his biography, Rupert's business career spanned over sixty years. He started his global empire with a personal investment of just £10 in 1941 becoming named on the Forbes list of 500 wealthiest families worldwide. At the time of his death his assets were estimated at $1.7 billion. |
Anton Rupert | Politics | Politics
In 1966, he was mentioned as a possible candidate for Prime Minister as a part of a "Verwoerd must go" campaign. The Cape Province section of the ruling National Party endorsed Rupert over Verwoerd, citing the need to improve South Africa's international standing and Rupert's image as a "moderate" who could unify the country, whilst still maintaining and developing the Apartheid system. Verwoerd was assassinated within one month, and hardliner John Vorster was endorsed by the NP caucus to replace him; Vorster was to become South Africa's longest consecutive-serving head of government.
He was a member of the secret Afrikaner society, the Afrikaner Broederbond in the 1940s, but eventually he dismissed it as an "absurdity", and allowed his membership to lapse. |
Anton Rupert | Involvement in conservation | Involvement in conservation
Rupert was a founding member of the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and it was in his role as the president of the organisation's South African branch that he took a lead in the creation of trans-frontier parks (also known as trans-frontier conservation areas (TFCAs) or "peace parks"), such as the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area. He also established The 1001: A Nature Trust in 1970, a financial endowment to fund the organisation.
With an initial grant of 1.2 million Rand (US$260,000) from the Rupert Nature Foundation, the Peace Parks Foundation was established on 1 February 1997 to facilitate the establishment of TFCAs in southern Africa. Nelson Mandela, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and Anton Rupert were the founding patrons of the Peace Parks Foundation. In 2000, the Cape Tercentenary Foundation awarded him the Molteno Medal for lifetime services to cultural and nature conservation. |
Anton Rupert | Acknowledgement | Acknowledgement
In 2004, he was voted 28th in the television series, Top 100 Great South Africans. |
Anton Rupert | References | References |
Anton Rupert | Further reading | Further reading
Dommisse, Eben. Anton Rupert: A Biography. Tafelberg Publishers, 2009.
Category:1916 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:Afrikaner Broederbond members
Category:South African businesspeople in fashion
Category:South African mining businesspeople
Category:Businesspeople in retailing
Category:Chancellors of the University of Pretoria
Category:People from Graaff-Reinet
Category:Richemont people
Category:South African billionaires
Category:South African chief executives
Category:South African conservationists
Category:South African financiers
Category:South African people of Dutch descent
Category:South African winemakers
Category:University of Pretoria alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Pretoria |
Anton Rupert | Table of Content | short description, Early life, Business career, Politics, Involvement in conservation, Acknowledgement, References, Further reading |
Paul Marie Eugène Vieille | Short description | Paul Marie Eugène Vieille (2 September 1854 – 14 January 1934) was a French chemist who invented modern nitrocellulose-based smokeless gunpowder in 1884. He was a graduate of École Polytechnique. |
Paul Marie Eugène Vieille | Impact | Impact
The new smokeless powder, called Poudre B, was three times as powerful as black powder for the same weight and left virtually no residues of combustion. Paul Vieille soon became director of the "Laboratoire Central des Poudres et Salpetres" in Paris, where his research had taken place. His invention was applied not only to small arms but also to the full range of artillery ammunition. His invention was widely followed within a short time by all the major military powers. Vieille received the Prix Leconte (₣50,000) in 1889 in recognition of his discovery. Veille was a member of the French Academy of Sciences. |
Paul Marie Eugène Vieille | References | References
Category:1854 births
Category:1934 deaths
Category:19th-century French chemists
Category:19th-century French inventors
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences |
Paul Marie Eugène Vieille | Table of Content | Short description, Impact, References |
33-centimeter band | Short description | The 33-centimeter or 900 MHz band is a portion of the UHF radio spectrum internationally allocated to amateur radio on a secondary basis. It ranges from 902 to 928 MHz and is unique to ITU Region 2 (Americas). It is primarily used for very local communications as opposed to bands lower in frequency. However, very high antennas with high gain have shown 33 centimeters can provide good long-range communications almost equal to systems on lower frequencies such as the 70 centimeter band. The band is also used by industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment, as well as low-powered unlicensed devices. Amateur stations must accept harmful interference caused by ISM users but may receive protection from unlicensed devices.
The 900 MHz frequency is also used as a reference band e.g. to express the total power or impact of the electric field "E" - expressed in V/m - or the power density "S" - expressed in W/m2 - of the overall cellular frequencies emission caused by all frequencies s.a. the four bands 850 / 900 / 1,800 / 1,900 MHz – which many GSM phones support and mobile phone operators use - used by all mobile phone operators at the same time to a certain space where e.g. humans are exposed to these frequencies over a certain span of time. More: Mobile phone radiation and health section.
In ITU Region 3, New Zealand domestically allocates 915 MHz to 928 MHz to amateurs. In Australia, this spectrum is allocated to radiolocation and scientific-medical services. |
33-centimeter band | History | History
Origin as a replacement for 1215-1240 MHz (removed from the 23-centimeter band allocation in 1979)
Relation to WARC 1979
Relation to GPS allocation
The 33–centimeter band has a somewhat short history, being one of the newest amateur radio bands. The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range from 902.0 to 928.0 MHz. |
33-centimeter band | The beginning | The beginning
In 1985, the Federal Communications Commission allocated the frequency band between 902 and 928 MHz to Part 18 ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) devices. In that proceeding, the band was also allocated to the Amateur Radio Service on a secondary basis meaning amateurs could use the band as long as they accepted interference from, and did not cause interference to, primary users. |
33-centimeter band | 900 MHz cordless phones | 900 MHz cordless phones
In the mid-1990s, many cordless phone manufacturers started producing phones that used the lower and upper ends of the 33–centimeter band for communication between the handset and base. These phones, which are regulated by Part 15 of the FCC's regulations, have made amateur use of the upper and lower end of the 33 centimeter band somewhat tricky due to the number of these phones used by the general population. Part 15 devices, by law, must accept interference from any licensed radio service with which they share frequencies. |
33-centimeter band | 900 MHz wireless networking | 900 MHz wireless networking
In the early 1990s, wireless computer networking was just becoming affordable. Several competing technologies emerged that made use of the 902-928 MHz Part 15 band, such as:
NCR/AT&T/DEC/Lucent WaveLAN. 915 MHz, 250 mW transmit power. Obsolete, but still in use in certain areas.
Aironet (now Cisco) ARLAN. 902-928 MHz with 12 channels, 450 mW transmit power. Obsolete, but still in use in certain areas.
Alvarion BreezeACCESS 900. 902-928 MHz, 200 mW transmit power. Still being sold and in use in certain areas as of 2008.
A now defunct commercial user of 900 MHz wireless networking was Ricochet. They used 900 MHz for the "last mile" connection to the user in an early wide area mobile wireless network.
Motorola Canopy is also used by WISPs depending on the Line-of-sight propagation
XG Technology, Inc. xMax. 902-928 MHz. Less than 1 W. A cognitive radio system still being sold and in use as of 2011. |
33-centimeter band | ISM: 915 MHz Long Range WAN (LoRaWAN) | ISM: 915 MHz Long Range WAN (LoRaWAN)
Frequency range from 902 MHz to 928 MHz as an unlicensed industrial scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band for North America.
Started in 2009, LoRaWAN were targeting the metering industry and aimed at adding wireless communication capabilities for gas, water and electricity meters. For this purpose, they used Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation technology, a technology widely in use for sonar in the maritime industry and radar in aviation. |
33-centimeter band | Walkie talkies | Walkie talkies
MotoTalk or with Nextel, DirectTalk, uses the 900 MHz Part 15 band. It uses FHSS and employs 10 "channels" and 15 "privacy codes". This is available as a feature on several of the walkie-talkie phones, for "off network" simplex communications.
Motorola makes a line of walkie-talkies (the DTR family) which are FHSS digital units. They are very similar to the DirectTalk-capable iDEN cellphones, even sharing some accessory items, but they can not interoperate with DirectTalk units.
Trisquare made a line of walkie-talkies (the eXtreme Radio Service family) that were also license free FHSS units, operating in the 900 MHz band. They were similar to DirectTalk but not compatible. |
33-centimeter band | Current amateur uses | Current amateur uses
Today, the 33 centimeter band is rapidly becoming popular with many UHF enthusiasts. Currently, it is used by amateurs for a variety of purposes. |
33-centimeter band | Amateur television | Amateur television
Amateur television is a popular activity on the 33 centimeter band, and some manufacturers produced ATV equipment for this band. The first repeater to use the band, the NU6X/R (Amateur TV Network) on 923.25 MHz, was activated and used at the minute the FCC allowed amateur use of the band and featured in QST Magazine. The repeater moved to 919.25 MHz and call changed to W6ATN because AVM part 90 service at 927 MHz began operation as a primary user of the band. |
33-centimeter band | CW and single sideband | CW and single sideband
Amateurs who are involved in contesting use home-made or commercially available transverters to operate CW and SSB on the lower end of the band, either just above 903 MHz or just above 902 MHz. SSB/CW operations usually use horizontal polarization for most contacts. VHF/UHF contests are conducted by the ARRL Contest managers several times each year to encourage operations across all ham bands. Contacts must be made in the simplex mode - that is, without using a repeater. Any mode (FM, SSB, CW) can be used. Contact scoring is higher for 33 cm than the lower bands (6m through 70 cm). |
33-centimeter band | FM repeaters | FM repeaters
Until recently, no amateur radio equipment manufacturer has ever made an FM repeater for the 33 centimeter band. But nevertheless, amateurs have adapted other equipment for use in this band. Amateurs who wish to build a repeater and those who wish to use that repeater must do so using modified commercial equipment designed for use in the mid-800 MHz and mid-900 MHz range. The bulk of modified commercial equipment is manufactured by two companies, Motorola and Kenwood.
In 2012, the first two-way 900 MHz radio made specifically for the Amateur Service was introduced by Alinco. The DJ-G29T is a dual band portable radio operating on the 222 MHz and 900 MHz bands and is fully programmable. |
33-centimeter band | Building repeaters | Building repeaters
The ARRL (American Radio Relay League) has specified that repeaters on the 33 centimeter band use a split of -12 MHz with inputs between 906 and 909 MHz and outputs between 918 and 921 MHz. However, the majority of amateur 33 centimeter band amateur repeaters use a split of -25 MHz with inputs between 902 and 903 MHz and outputs between 927 and 928 MHz. There are several reasons behind this. The primary reason being that most amateur repeaters in this band are built from commercial equipment that has been modified to transmit and receive in the amateur 33 centimeter band and modification complexity increases rapidly as target frequencies are moved further from the original design frequencies. A 25 MHz split results in frequencies fairly close to the original frequencies this commercial equipment was designed for resulting in relatively simple modifications. As well, spectrum analyzer tests consistently show the noise floor to be considerably higher near the center of the band due to other non-amateur services making the quieter frequencies near the band limits more desirable . Finally, the 12 MHz split requires high quality and more expensive duplexer devices to isolate the repeater receiver from the repeater transmitter when sharing a single antenna (as most repeaters do) whereas the 25 MHz split provides sufficient frequency separation such that separate antenna for transmit and receive with 20 feet or more of vertical separation often works well and eliminates the need for expensive duplexers as long as the repeater transmitter is limited to 15 to 20 watts of output power.
With the explosion in popularity of Nextel phones with a push to talk feature, the marketplace has seen a flood of newer 800 and 900 MHz commercial mobile radios that are designed to the following specifications:
800 MHz Radios:
Transmit: 806 - 821 MHz and 851 - 870 MHz
Receive: 851 - 870 MHz
900 MHz Radios:
Transmit: 896 - 902 MHz and 935 - 941 MHz
Receive: 935 - 941 MHz
The receivers on many of these modern 800 MHz radios can be easily modified to receive higher than 870 MHz, to about 904 MHz with good sensitivity. In addition, the transmitters on many of the aforementioned 900 MHz radios can be easily modified to transmit lower than 935 MHz, to about 926 MHz with acceptable power output. With this in mind, many amateurs have opted to set up repeaters with -25 MHz splits using modified 800 MHz radios as receivers and modified 900 MHz radios as transmitters.
A number of resources are available for amateurs to build repeaters that can be used on the 33 cm band.
Resources are also available via several e-mail discussion groups (such as the Yahoo Groups: "AR902 MHz" and "900 MHz") where information regarding conversion of other brands commonly used (such as Kenwood, EF Johnson, and GE/Ericsson) can be found/discussed.
The advent of issues involving interference to the PAVE PAWS RADAR systems located on the East and West coasts of the United States has pushed many amateur repeater operators to vacate the 70 cm band in favor of 33 cm, and proliferation of 33 cm repeaters has understandably increased exponentially in the past few years. |
33-centimeter band | Using repeaters | Using repeaters
Amateurs who use local repeaters on the 33 centimeter band use commercial handheld or mobile 900 MHz radios. As shown above, these radios can transmit between 896 and 902 MHz and receive between 935 and 941 MHz. Getting many of these radios to transmit on the repeater's input frequency (between 902 and 903 MHz) and receive on the repeater's output frequency (between 927 and 928 MHz) usually requires very little or no circuit modification, depending on the choice of radio. For instance, the Motorola model GTX (mobile and handheld versions) do not require any hardware modifications at all. Using these commercial radios however, has one handicap: flexibility. Unlike most other ham radio bands, in which one can tune to any frequency within an amateur band, modification of "Channelized" commercial radios maintains them in a channelized state. Therefore, once programmed, the frequencies they operate on cannot be changed at will without re-programming. However, since almost all FM radio equipment used on the 33 cm band amateur band was previously designed for and internally programmed for frequencies outside the 33 cm band edges, reprogramming is always necessary to get them working properly between 902-928 MHz after any physical modifications have been made. This includes the GTX. |
33-centimeter band | Linking | Linking
Many amateurs have found the 33 centimeter band to be ideal for linking repeaters together. Some of the biggest linked repeater systems in the United States use the 33 centimeter band as their link backbone. |
33-centimeter band | Propagation characteristics | Propagation characteristics
Signal propagation on the 33-centimeter band is very dependent on the transmitting and receiving antenna's line of sight. Because of this, many wide-area coverage systems like repeaters are located on top of large hills and mountains which overlook a vast area. This ensures that the transmitting antenna is higher than terrestrial obstructions such as trees and buildings. Assuming that the transmitting antenna's wavelength, height above average terrain, and effective radiated power is equal, a transmitted signal on 33 centimeters will, generally speaking, usually travel about 3/4 of the distance that the same signal would if transmitted on the 70 centimeter band. The reader is advised to note that receiver front-end noise figure and antenna gain are the defining factors in line-of-sight signal propagation in the local area.
The 33 centimeter band offers excellent building penetration characteristics since the wavelength is relatively small and can fit through windows more easily than signals lower in frequency.
In many areas, the 33 centimeter band also has a very low noise floor as compared to bands lower in frequency . |
33-centimeter band | Popular equipment used on the 33-centimeter band | Popular equipment used on the 33-centimeter band
EF Johnson models 8615, 8640, 8644 and 8655
GE DTMX 9315B (TMX)
Ericsson MDX
GE Mastr II
GE Mastr III
MA/Com Orion
Kenwood TK-480 / Kenwood TK-481
Kenwood TK-980 / Kenwood TK-981
Kenwood TK-931
Alinco DJ-G29T
Motorola MaxTrac
Motorola Spectra
Motorola MSF 5000
Motorola GTX
Motorola MTX
Motorola MCS 2000
Motorola XTS 2500
Motorola XTS 1500
Motorola DTR
Retevis RT10
TAIT T800 Series
"eXRS" 900 MHz FHSS Part 15 radios
Downeast Microwave 902-144HP3 transverter
Q5 Signal transverters L33-28HP or L33-144HP (28Mhz in 900Mhz out, 144Mhz in 900 Mhz out) and linear amplifiers.
M2 directional gain antennas for 33 cm |
33-centimeter band | References | References
Category:Amateur radio bands
Category:Centimetric bands |
33-centimeter band | Table of Content | Short description, History, The beginning, 900 MHz cordless phones, 900 MHz wireless networking, ISM: 915 MHz Long Range WAN (LoRaWAN), Walkie talkies, Current amateur uses, Amateur television, CW and single sideband, FM repeaters, Building repeaters, Using repeaters, Linking, Propagation characteristics, Popular equipment used on the 33-centimeter band, References |
Inherit the Earth | Short description | Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb is an adventure game developed by The Dreamers Guild and published by New World Computing in 1994.
The point and click adventure game features a world of talking humanoid animals, with the gameplay focusing on a fox on a quest to find a stolen orb, a relic of the mythical humans. |
Inherit the Earth | History | History |
Inherit the Earth | Development | Development
Inherit the Earth was developed by The Dreamers Guild for the DOS platform and published by New World Computing. The game was originally released in 1994 and later ported to the Macintosh. The German version Erben der Erde: Die große Suche was published by Softgold and first released as a port to the Amiga, followed by the DOS version.
In 1996 the German computer magazine with CD "Bestseller Games #10" brought 300,000 units of ITE on the German market as budget release.Bestsellergames #10 on kultboy.com |
Inherit the Earth | Re-release | Re-release
In 2000 the former Dreamers Guild co-founder Joe Pearce started a new company, Wyrmkeep Entertainment. In 2002 Pearce acquired the rights for the game, and self-published Inherit the Earth on his website for Windows and macOS. The full version was offered for $20 via PayPal and Kagi.com, while a free demo was downloadable.
In late 2004 Pearce provided the ScummVM developers with the source code of Inherit the Earth's SAGA engine (Scripts for Animated Graphic Adventures), which made ports to alternative platforms, like Linux, possible. In March 2007, a Pocket PC edition was released, followed by a port to the iPad in 2010.Inherit the Earth by iPhSoft on iTunes
The game has also been released digitally on GOG.com and Steam in June 2013.Release: Inherit the Earth on GOG.com |
Inherit the Earth | Sequels | Sequels
According to one of the original artists and animators, Lisa Jennings, the game ends on a "To be continued" note, as it was originally intended to be part of a trilogy, which did not happen due to conflicts between the developer and publisher.
In January 2013 a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for the development of a sequel was initiated by Wyrmkeep Entertainment, but the funding goal was not met.Inherit the Earth 2 by Wyrmkeep Entertainment on Kickstarter.com (January 2013)'Inherit the Earth 2' Kickstarter cancelled after poor reception on flayrah.com (29 Jan 2013) A second campaign was started in July 2014 with a higher goal to account for adding voice acting to the project.inherit-the-earth-sand-and-shadows on kickstarter.cominherit-the-earth-sand-and-shadows comments on kickstarter.com This campaign was also unsuccessful. In March 2015, a Patreon funding drive was launched, with the aim to help finish funding the sequel's first of three chapters. This Patreon was intended to lead into another Kickstarter drive, with the base goal undetermined, but stated to be under $30,000. |
Inherit the Earth | Plot | Plot
In a far future, mankind is extinct and Earth is populated by several tribes of anthropomorphic animals – collectively referred to as the Morph – who have achieved a level of technology and societal sophistication roughly equivalent to Europe in the High Middle Ages. The humans are enshrined in legends as having been the ones who gave the Morph prehensile hands, mouths capable of speech, and the ability to think and feel, but the Morph have little understanding of their long-lost forebears, who exist now only in stories, ruins and a few technological relics.
The game begins with the protagonist, Rif of the Fox Tribe, being falsely accused of having stolen the Orb of Storms (a technological relic of humankind which is able to predict the weather), primarily based on the fact that he was one of only two foxes in the area at the time of the theft. Rif volunteers to look for the Orb himself, and is given assistance and guards in the form of Eeah of the Elk Guard and Okk of the Boar Tribe. The Boar King takes Rif's girlfriend Rhene hostage as insurance.
The trio travel throughout the Known Lands over the course of their investigation. Along the way, they encounter the various Tribes under the protection of the Forest King (the Elk Tribe ruler who exerts hegemonic control over the whole region), some of which have other Orbs containing other knowledge left behind by the humans. With the assistance of Sist, the leader of the Rats, they eventually discover that the Orb of Storms was stolen by a Raccoon, an animal rarely seen in the Known Lands. Sist also reveals that the Boar King has formed an alliance with the Wolves who live far to the north.
Riff, Okk, and Eeah attempt to pass into the Wild Lands, the untamed regions to the north, but are apprehended by Prince, the ruler of the castle in which the Dogs have sequestered themselves. Rif escapes, and eventually secures the help of Alama, a Cat hermit, and a tribe of wildcats to free his friends.
The trio then travel further north, to the isolated island claimed by the Wolves, where they learn that the Raccoon, Chota, has manipulated the Wolves' politics and stolen the Orb to take over the Known Lands, as the Orb of Storms is the key to a system left behind by the humans to control the weather. In Chota's fortress, a human hydroelectric dam, Rif, Okk and Eeah outwit their enemies, and Chota and the Orb are presumed lost. They return to the Known Lands, where Rif convinces the Tribes to work together, so that they will no longer need the Orbs to make their lives better. The Forest King takes his advice, promotes Okk and Eeah, and releases Rhene.
However, the Orb of Storms was not destroyed, and is preparing to initiate Chota's final command to begin a long drought, awaiting input on the ending date of the drought. |
Inherit the Earth | Game theme | Game theme
A background theme of the game is the fate of the humans. According to the game's introduction and manual, the humans created the Morph from their constituent animals, and then mysteriously disappeared sometime later, with nearly all information about human civilization and technology lost or passed into legend. The Rats, the most educated tribe, are the only ones who believe in the humans' existence, due to their exploration of human ruins.
Most of the human relics are in the third area of the game. On the North Island, the player explores ancient human ruins of hydroelectric dams, airports, and solar observatories, with clues indicating that the humans were struck by a sudden disaster.
David Joiner, one of the game's developers, said in an interview that humanity was eradicated by an airborne biological weapon, a scenario inspired by the Alistair MacLean novel The Satan Bug. This is alluded to in the game's opening sequence, which shows a tapestry depicting humans fleeing from a giant microbe.Video of the Inherit the Orb opening on YouTube The developers also explored the idea of humans living in a lunar base, alluded to in-game. |
Inherit the Earth | Webcomic | Webcomic
The story of the video game is continued in the official webcomic, Inherit the Earth, which takes place ten months after the events of the game. The webcomic is drawn by Allison Hershey, the game's original art designer, and co-written by Joe Pearce, the owner of Wyrmkeep Entertainment.Official FAQ on inherittheearth.net |
Inherit the Earth | Reception | Reception
Computer Gaming World in August 1994 rated Inherit the Earth 2.5 stars out of five. While praising the graphics' "storybook charm" the reviewer stated that the game had too many mazes and fetch quests "tacked in order to extend its limited game play". He reported an "abrupt", incomplete ending and concluded that the game's "puzzles were given the least amount of attention". The game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #209 by Sandy Petersen in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Petersen gave the game 2 out of 5 stars. Amiga Games issue 9/95 gave 92% and ASM issue 10/94 gave 10/12 points.Testbericht on kultboy.com (in German)
James V. Trunzo reviewed Inherit the Earth in White Wolf #48 (Oct., 1994), rating it a 4 out of 5 and stated that "Whether you like Inherit the Earth is definitely a matter of taste. One look at the game box should tell whether it's for you or not. What you see on the front and what you read on the back is exactly what you get."
According to Joe Pearce of The Dreamers Guild, Inherit the Earth was a commercial flop, but the game has some loyal following in the furry fandom.
According to Lisa Jennings, concept artist and animator for the game, the game struggled from combining a serious and detailed plot with anthropomorphic animals, a theme usually associated with children's entertainment: |
Inherit the Earth | References | References |
Inherit the Earth | External links | External links
Official website at Wyrmkeep Entertainment
Official webpage of the sequel Inherit the Earth: Sand and Shadows
Inherit the Earth webcomic
Category:1994 video games
Category:2005 webcomic debuts
Category:Adventure games
Category:Amiga CD32 games
Category:Amiga games
Category:Classic Mac OS games
Category:Commercial video games with freely available source code
Category:The Dreamers Guild games
Category:Linux games
Category:MacOS games
Category:NEC PC-9801 games
Category:New World Computing games
Category:Point-and-click adventure games
Category:Post-apocalyptic video games
Category:ScummVM-supported games
Category:Single-player video games
Category:U.S. Gold games
Category:Video games about foxes
Category:Video games developed in the United States
Category:Windows games
Category:Windows Mobile Professional games |
Inherit the Earth | Table of Content | Short description, History, Development, Re-release, Sequels, Plot, Game theme, Webcomic, Reception, References, External links |
Rosedale, Queens | short description | Rosedale is a neighborhood in New York City in the southeastern portion of the borough of Queens. The neighborhood, located along the southern part of Queens, borders Nassau County.
Rosedale is located in Queens Community District 13 and its ZIP Code is 11422. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 105th Precinct. |
Rosedale, Queens | History | History
Rosedale was originally conceived in the consolidation of the borough of Queens as a part of what is now Springfield Gardens. At the time, the Laurelton Land Company was in charge of the new Borough of Queens. It was dotted with farmland that was isolated from each other, so construction on an acceptable mode of transportation was started immediately. The Southern Railroad of Long Island (now Long Island Rail Road) was built and the whole area (today Laurelton, Rosedale, and Springfield Gardens) was served by the Laurelton station. The area was also connected to the Brooklyn waterworks. In the 20th century, the water system was less needed, and its use dwindled. Today the ruins of the aqueduct system can still be seen. After the Long Island Rail Road's construction, many new roads such as Francis Lewis and Sunrise Boulevard (today Sunrise Highway) were constructed. The area that is now Rosedale remained farmland until the mid-1930s."Lovely Rosedale, then and now", Queens Chronicle, November 27, 2013. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Rosedale, at the very southeastern tip of Queens, was home to a large farming community as late as the 1930s. Some of the better known and larger ones were Anton Hoffner’s Farm, Joseph Brothers Farm, John Miller and Sons Farm, John Santa Marie’s Farm, Albert Schmitt and Brothers Farm and the George Schmitt Farm." After the former period of relatively slow growth, development rapidly turned Rosedale into a suburban community. Rosedale was originally known as Foster's Meadow.
During the mid-1970s, African American and Caribbean families started moving into what had been a mostly Irish, Italian, and Jewish community. Many black families' homes were firebombed to harass them and cajole them to leave. The U.S. government filed a civil-rights lawsuit in 1975 against a group named Return Our American Rights (ROAR), alleging that ROAR had been harassing white homeowners who tried to sell to black clients, and implicating ROAR in some of the firebombings. In 1976, Bill Moyers presented a documentary titled Rosedale: The Way It Is, which addressed the racial tensions in the community.Rosedale: The Way It Is, Moyers & Company. Accessed September 8, 2017. While the racial tensions decreased in subsequent years, there were still some incidents of racial conflict: for instance, during the July 4 weekend in 1989, a group of white youths chased black youths through Rosedale after a dispute over firecrackers.
In the end, the area ended up being mostly a home to many Caribbean immigrants. Irish, Italian, and Jewish Americans moved to the neighboring Nassau County communities of Valley Stream, South Valley Stream, and Woodmere. |
Rosedale, Queens | Location | Location
Rosedale is bordered to the north by Cambria Heights, to the east by Valley Stream and North Woodmere (both in Nassau County), to the west by Laurelton, Springfield Gardens, and John F. Kennedy International Airport, and to the south by Inwood and Lawrence in Nassau County. It is at the eastern edge of New York City, at its border with Valley Stream forming part of the boundary between Queens and Nassau County. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 13.Queens Boards, New York City. Accessed January 26, 2024. Many roads of importance in Queens also run through Rosedale such as Francis Lewis Boulevard, Conduit Avenue, Cross Island Parkway, and the Belt Parkway, as well as Rockaway Boulevard, Sunrise Highway, and Merrick Boulevard which connect Queens and Nassau Counties. |
Rosedale, Queens | Warnerville and Meadowmere | Warnerville and Meadowmere
Warnerville and Meadowmere are small neighborhoods within Rosedale. The area is served by the 11422 ZIP Code, which also covers the rest of Rosedale and parts of Kennedy Airport. Warnerville is surrounded on three sides by Jamaica Bay just to the southeast of John F. Kennedy International Airport and comprises just three streets, bordered by Rockaway Boulevard on the east. Meadowmere is surrounded by Nassau County and comprises just four streets and six blocks, bordered on the west by Hook Creek and on the east by Rockaway Boulevard.Meadowmere at Forgotten NY |
Rosedale, Queens | Demographics | Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Rosedale was 25,063, a decrease of 439 (1.7%) from the 25,502 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of .Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 5.3% (1,334) White, 79.9% (20,033) African American, 0.3% (82) Native American, 2.2% (556) Asian, 1.0% (242) from other races, and 1.9% (474) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.3% (2,342) of the population.Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016. |
Rosedale, Queens | Recreation | Recreation
The Brookville Park is located on the western border of Rosedale (next to Springfield Gardens). It is bounded by South Conduit Avenue, 149th Avenue, and 232nd and 235th Streets. It contains Conselyea's Pond. |
Rosedale, Queens | Education | Education |
Rosedale, Queens | Public schools | Public schools
Rosedale's public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education.
Public elementary and intermediate (Junior High) schools in Rosedale include:
P.S. 38/Rosedale School
P.S. 138/The Sunrise School
P.S. 195/The William Haberle School
P.S./I.S. 270/The Gordon Parks School |
Rosedale, Queens | Private schools | Private schools
Private preschool, elementary and intermediate (Junior High) schools in Rosedale include:
Christ Lutheran, a Lutheran school for K–8th Grade
Little Leadership Academy, a Christian preschool for ages 2 – 5.
St. Clare Catholic Academy |
Rosedale, Queens | Transportation | Transportation
Rosedale is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Atlantic Branch, located at North Conduit Avenue and 243rd Street. Service is provided by both the Far Rockaway and Long Beach branches. Rosedale is also served by the Q5, Q85 and Q111 bus routes. There is also an express bus route, the X63, which operates during rush hours only. |
Rosedale, Queens | Notable residents | Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of Rosedale include:
Barbara Bach (born 1947), actressMarzlock, Ron. "Barbara Bach, a true Qns. beauty", Queens Chronicle, July 11, 2013. Accessed September 8, 2017. "Barbara Ann Bach was the daughter of Howard and Marjorie Goldbach.... In 1953, Howard, a New York City patrolman, and his family moved east to a brand-new model home at 257-08 145 Ave in Rosedale."
Phil Carey (1925–2009), soap opera actor
Kadeem Dacres (born 1991), soccer player who currently plays as a wingerLerner, Danielle. "LouCity's Dacres comes full circle in rivalry", Courier Journal, October 14, 2016. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Dacres, a native of Rosedale, N.Y., grew up playing for United States Soccer Federation Development Academy team Metropolitan Oval, known locally as Met Oval."
John DeBella (born 1951), radio personality
Ken Eurell (born 1960), plays himself in the documentary The Seven Five
Alicia Hyndman (born 1971), politician who represents the 29th District of the New York State AssemblyParry, Bill. "Assemblywoman Hyndman enters race to replace Katz as Queens borough president", QNS.com, September 30, 2019. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Hyndman resides in Rosedale with her daughters Nia and Nyla."
Charles Jenkins (born 1989), basketball player
Carole King (born 1942), singer, songwriter, and pianistWeller, Sheila. Girls Like Us: Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon-and the Journey of a Generation, p.44. Simon and Schuster, 2008. . Accessed September 8, 2017. "In Carole's Rosedale living room one day after classes, Carole King and Gerry Goffin wrote their first song together - Gerry recalls it as 'a so-so song called "The Kid Brother"'".
Victor LaValle (born 1972), author<ref."Victor LaValle On Mental Illness, Monsters, Survival", Fresh Air, August 29, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Lavalle: We moved to another part of Queens when I was 13, and it was an all-black neighborhood. It was called, it was Rosedale, Queens and it was all black."</ref>
Florence V. Lucas (1915–1987), lawyer who was president of the Jamaica branch of the NAACP."Florence Lucas Dead at 71; Worked for Rights Division", The New York Times, September 9, 1987. Accessed March 4, 2022. "Florence V. Lucas, a former deputy commissioner of the New York State Division of Human Rights, died of cancer Sunday at her home in Rosedale, Queens. She was 71 years old."
Dean Marlowe (born 1992), NFL Professional AthleteButler, Dylan. "Holy Cross defense has champions’ swagger", New York Post, August 28, 2009. Accessed September 7, 2017. "Also back is two-way lineman Chris Brathwaite, who has verbally committed to the University of Virginia, and safety Dean Marlowe, who will play at James Madison University in the Football Championship Subdivision.... Marlowe will play both ways again this year, but he’ll switch from wide receiver to quarterback, behind center for the first time since Pop Warner. The Rosedale, Queens native said he was informed he’d be the signal-caller in a meeting with Pugh in the spring after junior Jarred Evans transferred out."
Paul C. McKasty (1964–1989), engineer, mixer, and producer
Darren Robinson (1967–1995), rapper of The Fat BoysSiemaszko, Corky. "'Fat Boy' Rapper, 28, Dies At Queens Home", New York Daily News, December 11, 1995. Accessed September 8, 2017. "Paramedics called to Robinson's Rosedale home at 3 a.m. were also unable to revive the rapper."
Herb Score (1933–2008), baseball player/announcer, born in Rosedalevia Associated Press. "Herb Score dies at 75; Cleveland Indians pitcher turned to broadcasting after line drive altered his pitching career", Los Angeles Times, November 12, 2008. Accessed July 10, 2016. "Score was born June 7, 1933, in Rosedale, N.Y."
DJ Spinbad (1974-2020), DJ/Producer"DJ Spinbad", spinbad.com, Accessed November 29, 2007. "Considering that his humble plan in the 80s in Rosedale, Queens to be a DJ."
John Turturro (born 1957), actor, directorLaurino, Maria. "A Leading Man With a Twist", The New York Times, September 17, 1995. Accessed September 8, 2017. "Mr. Turturro is Italian-American and was raised in the Rosedale section of Queens."
Nicholas Turturro (born 1962), actorThomas, Bob. "NYPD Blue opens door for Nick Turturro", North County Times, April 9, 1995. Accessed April 19, 2021, via Newspapers.com. "Life looks great for Nicholas Turturro a new house, his first starring role in a movie and an expanding role in one of TVs hottest drama series, NYPD Blue.... Turturro noted that Federal Hill is similar to his own home grounds, the Rosedale section of Queens."
Harvey Wang (born 1956), photographer |
Rosedale, Queens | References | References
Category:Neighborhoods in Queens, New York |
Rosedale, Queens | Table of Content | short description, History, Location, Warnerville and Meadowmere, Demographics, Recreation, Education, Public schools, Private schools, Transportation, Notable residents, References |
Mesohippus | Short description | Mesohippus (Greek: / meaning "middle" and / meaning "horse") is an extinct genus of early horse. It lived 37 to 32 million years ago in the Early Oligocene. Like many fossil horses, Mesohippus was common in North America. Its shoulder height is estimated at 60 cm. |
Mesohippus | Description | Description
thumb|left|Restoration by Charles R. Knight
Mesohippus had longer legs than its predecessor Eohippus and stood about 60 cm (6 hands) tall. This equid is the first fully tridactyl horse in the evolutionary record, with the third digit being longer and larger than its second and fourth digits; Mesohippus had not developed a hoof at this point, rather it still had pads as seen in Hyracotherium and Orohippus.MacFadden, B. J.. 1992. Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. The face of Mesohippus was longer and larger than earlier equids. It had a slight facial fossa, or depression, in the skull. The eyes were rounder, and were set wider apart and further back than in Hyracotherium.
thumb|Skeleton
Unlike earlier horses, its teeth were low crowned and contained a single gap behind the front teeth, where the bit now rests in the modern horse. In addition, it had another grinding tooth, making a total of six. Mesohippus was a browser that fed on tender twigs and fruit. The cerebral hemisphere, or cranial cavity, was notably larger than that of its predecessors and its brain was similar to modern horses. |
Mesohippus | Species | Species |
Mesohippus | See also | See also
Eohippus
Protohippus |
Mesohippus | References | References
Category:Anchitheriinae
Category:Eocene horses
Category:Eocene Perissodactyla
Category:Oligocene horses
Category:Rupelian genus extinctions
Category:Transitional fossils
Category:White River Fauna
Category:Prehistoric placental genera
Category:Eocene mammals of North America
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1875
Category:Oligocene mammals of North America |
Mesohippus | Table of Content | Short description, Description, Species, See also, References |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Short description | Dimitris Avramopoulos (; born 6 June 1953) is a Greek politician of the conservative New Democracy party, and former career diplomat. He has served in various high-level cabinet posts, including Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for National Defence, and was Mayor of Athens from 1995 to 2002. He served as EU Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship in the Juncker Commission between 2014 and 2019. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Personal life | Personal life
Avramopoulos was born in Athens in 1953, into a family which had originally come from Ilia and Elliniko in Arcadia. He served his 26 months military service from 1978 to 1980 in the Hellenic Air Force.
He is married to Vivian, with whom he has two sons, Filippos and Iasonas. Apart from his native Greek, he speaks English, French and Italian fluently. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Diplomatic career | Diplomatic career
In 1980, Avramopoulos joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Athens, where he worked until 1993. From 1988 to 1992, he served as Greek Consul to Belgium in Liège. At the same time he was a Special Adviser to Konstantinos Mitsotakis, President and Leader of the New Democracy. During this time he also represented Greece in Vienna at the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe. In 1992 he became official spokesman of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was appointed Consul General of Greece in Geneva. In 1993 he was promoted to director of the Prime Minister of Greece's Diplomatic Office.Dimitris Avramopoulos |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Political career | Political career
thumb|left|Dimitri Avramopoulos, Foreign Minister of Greece, with President Obama and the First Lady, at the 67th UN General Assembly in 2012 |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Mayor of Athens | Mayor of Athens
In 1993, Avramopoulos resigned from Greek diplomatic service to enter parliamentary politics as a member of New Democracy and was elected a member of its Central Committee. From 1993 to 1994 he served as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament. In 1994 he was elected Mayor of Athens, and was re-elected in October 1998 in a historic first-round landslide victory. From 1995 to 1999 he served as chairman of the Central Union of Local Authorities of Greece.
In 1995 he founded the “Permanent Conference of the Mayors of the Capitals of South-East Europe” and served as its first President. From 1996 to 2000 he served as vice-president of the executive committee of the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA) and from 1997 to 2002, as a member of the Committee of the Regions of the European Union. Elected as president of the Summit Conference of the Mayors of the World in 2000, he served until 2002, during which time he founded the "World Union of Olympic Cities", "Athens’ International Prize for Democracy", and “World Institute of Global and Cities’ Diplomacy”, Rome. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Ministerial posts | Ministerial posts
In March 2001, he split from New Democracy with his Movement of Free Citizens (KEP), but in a surprising move merged back in June 2002. When in 2004 New Democracy won the parliamentary elections, Avramopoulos was appointed Minister of Tourism, serving until 2006, and afterwards, from 2006 until 2009, as Minister of Health and Social Solidarity.Capital Link Forum | Greece In A New Era, Business & Investment Opportunities & the Development of Southeastern Europe
In the October 2009 election, Avramopoulos was re-elected to the Hellenic Parliament representing the constituency of Athens A. After the election of Antonis Samaras to the “New Democracy” Party Presidency he was appointed President of the Organizing Committee of the 8th Party Congress held at Athens in June 2010. In July 2010, he became Vice-President of “New Democracy”, serving until 1 November 2014.
On 11 November 2011 he was appointed Minister for National Defence in the coalition government of Lucas Papademos, resigning from his parliamentary seat, thus adhering to the New Democracy policy that no serving Opposition Party Deputies may hold ministerial office.
At the 6 May 2012 election, Avramopoulos was returned as Deputy for Athens A, being re-elected in the 17 June 2012 general election. On 21 June 2012 he was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs. After the Cabinet reshuffle of 25 June 2013 he became Greek Minister for Defence again, serving until his nomination as Greece's European Commissioner in November 2014. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | European Commissioner for Migration and Home Affairs | European Commissioner for Migration and Home Affairs
thumb|Avramopoulos and Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov in 2018
On 27 July 2014, Prime Minister Antonis Samaras nominated Avramopoulos as Greece's next member of the European Commission.Toby Vogel (July 28, 2014), Greece nominates Avramopoulos as European commissioner European Voice. Before the nomination, Dora Bakoyiannis was widely seen to be a strong contender for the Commission post. Samaras also defied calls from the centre-left Pasok party for Maria Damanaki to continue as European Commissioner.
Jean-Claude Juncker then nominated Avramopoulos as European Commissioner for Migration and Home Affairs. In this capacity, Avramopoulos shares competency over cyber-security matters with Günther Oettinger.Nicholas Hirst (December 11, 2014), Who’s who in the digital world European Voice.
In the aftermath of the victory of the left-wing SYRIZA party in the 25 January election in 2015, Avramopoulos' name was widely circulated in Greek media as the most likely choice for SYRIZA's candidate in the second round of the election for the Presidency of Greece. According to the Greek media reports, the nomination would be seen both as a gesture of conciliation with the right, but would crucially also enable SYRIZA to nominate its own European Commissioner. On 30 January Samaras phoned Avramopoulos and assured him that New Democracy would support his eventual nomination.
Avramopoulos criticized the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria. He said that "the European Union remains committed to the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Syrian state". |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Member of Parliament | Member of Parliament
Avramopoulos was elected to the Hellenic Parliament in Elis at the June 2023 Greek legislative election. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Other positions | Other positions
From the outset of his political career, Avramopoulos served for twenty years as Honorary President of the Athens’ International Prize for Democracy for UNESCO in Paris (until 2013). He has also been Chairman of the Steering Committee on Cities´ Diplomacy, established by the Global Forum (Rome) and the World Bank Institute (Washington D.C.). He was elected President of the “World Institute of Global and Cities’ Diplomacy”, an independent NGO based in Rome as well as Executive President of the “World Union of Olympic Cities”, an Olympic Games NGO. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Greek-Turkish rapprochement | Greek-Turkish rapprochement
Avramopoulos has a friendly relation with the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan since they were Mayors of Athens and Istanbul respectively.Greek FM Turkish PM’s friend Hürriyet, 23 June 2012. He is deemed one of the main proponents of Greek-Turkish rapprochement.
Also this year the two former Mayors came together to discuss topics regarding Migration, Borders and Security on European and EU-level in Istanbul on 3 June 2019.
On the same day, Avramopoulos also met with Turkish Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu to discuss about the same topic. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Academic degrees | Academic degrees
Avramopoulos read Public Law and Political Science at Athens University Law School, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts (BA).
He then undertook postgraduate studies receiving a Master's degree in European Studies at the Institute of European Affairs, Université libre de Bruxelles.
He has been conferred honorary doctorates by Adelphi University (Long Island, New York), Deree College (Athens), Drexel University (Philadelphia) and Kingston University (London), and has been elected Honorary Professor of Peking University (Beijing) and of the European College of Parma (Italy). |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Honours | Honours
Avramopoulos has received numerous honors from European States as well as many countries around the world for his diplomatic, public and charitable service:
45px Grand Cross, Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
45px Grand Cross, Order of Civil Merit (Spain)
45px Grand Cross, Order of the Crown (Belgium)
45px Grand Cross, Order of Leopold II (Belgium)
45px Grand Cross, Order of the Polar Star (Sweden)
45px Grand Cross, Order of the Lion (Finland)
45px Grand Cross, Order of Merit (Portugal)
45px 1st Class, Order of the White Star (Estonia)
45px Commander, Order of Merit (Poland)
47x47px Commandeur de l’Ordre de la Couronne de Chêne (Luxembourg)
45px Grand Decoration, Honour for Services to the Republic (Austria)
45px Companion, National Order of Merit (Malta)
45px Officer, Legion d'Honneur (France)
45px Officer, Order of Merit (Luxembourg)
45px Knight, National Order of Merit (France)
45px Commander, Order of Merit (Germany)
45px Grand Cordon, National Order of the Cedar (Lebanon)
45px 1st Class, Order for Civil Merit (Bulgaria)
45px Knight, Order of Makarios III (Cyprus)
40px Grand Cross, Order of Diego de Losada (Venezuela)
45px 1st Class, Order of the Star (Yugoslavia)
And, from the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Patriarchate of Alexandria:
Grand Cross, Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Grand Cross, Order of the Apostle and Evangelist Mark
Grand Cross, Order of Saints George and Constantine. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Distinctions and awards | Distinctions and awards
Avramopoulos received, in 2006, the “Vincitore Assoluto” Award of the Premio Internazionale “Giuseppe Sciacca”, and has been presented with distinctions by many foreign Cities and Municipalities: Famagusta, Barcelona, Beijing, Beirut, Berlin, Boston, Brooklyn N.Y., Bucharest, Caracas, Chicago, Crotone, Florence, Genoa, Jakarta, Havana, Istanbul, Kyiv, Ljubljana, Los Angeles, Miami -Florida, Massachusetts, Montreal, Moscow, New Jersey, New York, Nicosia, Paris, Philadelphia, Providence, Rhode Island, Rome, Sofia, State of Illinois, Sydney, Tbilisi, Tirana, Toronto, Valletta, Washington D.C., Xi'an, Yerevan. He has been honoured with the Honorary Freedom of 40 Greek and foreign cities. In November 2017, he became Honorary Member of the Propeller Club of the United States Port of Piraeus and he received the Award of Excellence of the Propeller Club of the United States Port of Piraeus for his strenuous effort and impact on developing a new European Policy on regular Migration. In December 2017, the Department of International and European Studies of the University of Piraeus awarded Mr. Avramopoulos the first "Themistocles" prize for his contribution to the management of the EU migration and security crisis. |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | References | References |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | External links | External links
New Democracy website
Greek Parliament site
Dimitris Avramopoulos site
www.elections2014.eu
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Category:1953 births
Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Foreign ministers of Greece
Category:20th-century Greek diplomats
Category:Greek European commissioners
Category:Greek MPs 2004–2007
Category:Greek MPs 2007–2009
Category:Greek MPs 2009–2012
Category:Greek MPs 2012 (May)
Category:Greek MPs 2012–2014
Category:Living people
Category:Mayors of Athens
Category:Ministers of national defence of Greece
Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Category:New Democracy (Greece) politicians
Category:Politicians from Athens
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
Category:European commissioners (2014–2019)
Category:Health ministers of Greece
Category:Greek MPs 2023–
Category:21st-century Greek diplomats |
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Table of Content | Short description, Personal life, Diplomatic career, Political career, Mayor of Athens, Ministerial posts, European Commissioner for Migration and Home Affairs, Member of Parliament, Other positions, Greek-Turkish rapprochement, Academic degrees, Honours, Distinctions and awards, References, External links |
Reading Royals | Short description | The Reading Royals are a professional ice hockey team that currently plays in the ECHL. The team participates in the North Division of the ECHL's Eastern Conference. The Royals play their home games at the Santander Arena located in downtown Reading, Pennsylvania.
Since 2001, the Royals have ranked among ECHL leaders in regular season attendance. On March 25, 2006, against the Trenton Titans, the Royals reached their one millionth fan in attendance. The Royals hosted two ECHL All-Star Games; one in 2005 and one in 2009. The Royals were the 2013 ECHL Kelly Cup champions. They earned the title with a five-game victory over the Stockton Thunder in the 2013 Kelly Cup Finals. |
Reading Royals | Franchise history | Franchise history |
Reading Royals | Columbus Chill and Kings era | Columbus Chill and Kings era
The Reading Royals were founded in 1991 as the Columbus Chill. David Paitson was the team's first president and general manager while former NHL player Terry Ruskowski was the head coach, started the team with a goal of introducing new audiences to the sport of ice hockey and building a strong fan base. The two were successful with the help of an extensive marketing plan. The Chill's 83-game sellout streak beginning in early January 1992 still stands as a minor league hockey record today. It would take the team two seasons to reach the playoffs, doing so in 1994 under coach Ruskowski. The Chill would go on to win two conference championships and make the playoffs for five of the eight seasons. The Chill were a key part of the growth of hockey in Columbus, Ohio, and paved the way for the National Hockey League expansion Columbus Blue Jackets in 2000.
The Chill then suspended operations for in 1999 to make room for the Blue Jackets. The Chill franchise relocated during their inactive two year status to their present location in downtown Reading, Pennsylvania, for the 2001–02 season as the Reading Royals. When the franchise returned to active status in the ECHL, they became the affiliate of the NHL's Los Angeles Kings and their American Hockey League affiliate, the Manchester Monarchs. At the time, the Royals were partially owned by the same owners of the Kings and Monarchs, the Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG). The rest of the ownership was by Santander Arena management, SMG.
The Royals made their first trip to the Kelly Cup playoffs in 2004 in their third season, winning the North Division playoff championship under head coach Derek Clancey. In the next season, they became the North Division regular season champions, only to lose to the eventual Kelly Cup champion Trenton Titans in the North Division Finals.
Under coach Karl Taylor from 2005 to 2008, the Royals had generally mediocre performance in regular season performances. In the 2007–08 season, skaters Dany Roussin and Brock Hooton enjoyed some fame in Reading due to their "goal-a-game" nature for much of the season, while tough-guys Steven Later and Malcolm MacMillan were among league leaders in penalty minutes. After a strong finish to the regular season, Taylor led the team to the North Division Finals where their tour ended in a seven-game battle with the Cincinnati Cyclones. The Cyclones continued on to sweep past other teams to win the Kelly Cup, but the Royals were the only team to take them to seven games in the playoffs.
Some better-known players during this era who played for the Royals include Los Angeles Kings goaltenders Barry Brust, Jonathan Quick, and Yutaka Fukufuji; Phoenix Coyotes winger Ryan Flinn; Toronto Maple Leafs goaltender James Reimer; and Anaheim Ducks winger George Parros, who was the first Royal to appear in the Stanley Cup finals. Veteran Larry Courville and former head coach Derek Clancey have also contributed to the Royals organization. |
Reading Royals | New affiliations and the Courville era | New affiliations and the Courville era
The 2007–08 season would be Karl Taylor's last with the Royals organization. In late June 2008, general manager Gordon Kaye announced that Taylor would leave Reading to serve as coach for the AEG's newly acquired ECHL franchise, the Ontario Reign. The new team would also become the primary affiliate for AEG's Kings and Monarchs. On July 9, 2008, the Royals became the affiliate of the Boston Bruins and a secondary affiliate for the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 2008–09 season. The Royals continued to wear their colors of purple, black, and silver. The Santander Arena and the city of Reading, Pennsylvania, were also named the hosts of the 2009 All-Star Game and Skills Challenge. On July 24, 2008, Reading announced that Jason Nobili would be head coach for the 2008–09 season. Unfortunately, Nobili was unable to coax much from the team and was dismissed by Kaye on January 6, 2009, with the team in last place overall in the ECHL. Larry Courville was named as interim coach for the remainder of the season.
On April 4, 2009, general manager Gordon Kaye announced that Courville would return for the 2009–10 season as full-time head coach. On August 4, 2009, The Royals announced it renewed their affiliations with the Bruins and Maple Leafs and the AHL's Toronto Marlies.
In 2011, AEG sold off its shares of the Royals to the Berks County Convention Center Authority (BCCCA).
On July 9, 2012, the Royals became the affiliate of the Washington Capitals. At the end of their first season with the Capitals, the Royals won the 2013 Kelly Cup by defeating the Stockton Thunder in five games. Captain Yannick Tifu played in every regular season and postseason game, scoring a game-winning goal in the final minutes of game four of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Cincinnati Cyclones. Reading won the first three games of the 2013 Kelly Cup Finals against the Stockton Thunder. On May 25, 2013, goaltender Riley Gill had a 29-save shutout and the Royals defeated the Thunder 6–0 to claim the team's first Kelly Cup. Riley Gill was named the MVP for the playoffs with a 13–4–0 record, a 1.91 a goals against average, a .930 save percentage, and four shutouts.
In 2014, Jack Gulati purchased all shares of the ownership of the Royals from SMG and BCCCA. In June 2014, the Philadelphia Flyers announced a two-year affiliation agreement with the Royals, giving the Flyers an entirely Pennsylvania based minor league system for the first time since 1997–98. The Flyers and Royals agreed to a multi-year affiliation extension in 2016.
During his eighth full season as head coach, Courville announced he would be stepping down at the end of the 2016–17 season. However, one day after qualifying for the 2017 playoffs, he was fired by the Royals and replaced by assistant Kirk MacDonald on an interim basis. The interim tag was removed from MacDonald a few weeks after the Royals were eliminated in the first round of the 2017 playoffs. |
Reading Royals | 2017–2022: Kirk MacDonald era | 2017–2022: Kirk MacDonald era
The Royals' first season under Kirk MacDonald resulted in a third-place finish in the North Division with a 39–24–9–0 record and 87 points. Reading finished two points behind the Adirondack Thunder for first place. The Manchester Monarchs earned 88 points in the regular season and then swept the Royals in the North Division semifinals. The Monarchs won the first two games of the series in double overtime despite goaltender John Muse making 54 saves in game one and 53 in game two. In game three, Muse registered 52 saves, giving the three-highest postseason save performances from a Reading netminder in a four-day span. Forward Matt Willows lead the team with 32 goals and 74 points before he announced his retirement after the season. Muse split the season between Reading and the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the AHL and tied for a league-high .931 save percentage. The Royals took 658 penalty minutes, the fewest in ECHL history.
During the 2018–19 season, the Royals' owner Jack Gulati agreed to sell the team back to the Berks County Convention Center Authority (BCCCA), the previous ownership and the owners of Santander Arena, on June 30, 2019. The Royals concluded the 2018–19 season with a six-game win streak and eight-game point streak, finishing with 78 points and a 34–28–4–6 record, but were one point behind the Brampton Beast for the final playoff spot in the North Division. Reading had the most points of any team to miss the 2019 Kelly Cup playoffs. The Royals used eight goaltenders through the season, tied for the most in team history. Jamie Phillips went 8–2–0–1 in his final 12 games of the season after being reassigned to Reading at the trade deadline. Chris McCarthy had a career-best 54 assists and 74 points (third in league). On May 9, 2019, the Royals re-signed head coach Kirk McDonald to a two-year contract extension. The Royals and Flyers also renewed their affiliation though at least the 2019–20 season with a 2020–21 renewal option.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Royals voluntarily suspended operations for the 2020–21 ECHL season. The team returned for the 2021–22 season with another renewed affiliation with the Flyers.
On June 13, 2022, MacDonald announced he would resign as head coach. |
Reading Royals | 2022–2024: James Henry era | 2022–2024: James Henry era
On June 17, 2022, the Royals announced that James Henry would take over as head coach. On August 8, 2022, the Royals and Flyers announced that their partnership extended throughout the 2023–24 season with an option to extend the deal further.
James Henry was relieved of Head Coaching duties on Jan 29th, 2024. |
Reading Royals | 2024–present: Jason Binkley era | 2024–present: Jason Binkley era
After serving as the interim Head Coach following the dismissal of Head Coach James Henry, the Royals missed the playoffs for the first time since the 2018-2019 season. Binkley was hired as Head Coach, shedding the interim title as well adding General Manager to his resume on May 17, 2024. |
Reading Royals | Season-by-season record | Season-by-season record
Regular seasonPlayoffs Season GP W L OTL SOL Pts GF GA Standing Year 1st round2nd round3rd roundKelly Cup Finals2001–02 72 27 36 9 63 182 215 6th, Northeast 2002 did not qualify2002–03 72 32 35 5 69 261 303 7th, Northeast 2003 did not qualify2003–04 72 37 25 1084 212 189 5th, North 2004 W, 1–0, JHN W, 3–2, WHL W, 3–1, PEO L, 2–3, FLA —2004–05 72 43 22 2 5 93 220 161 1st, North 2005 W, 3–1, TOL L, 1–3, TRE — —2005–06 72 42 23 3 4 91 249 209 3rd, North 2006 BYEL, 1–3, WHL — — —2006–07 72 32 33 2 5 71 221 235 6th, North 2007 did not qualify2007–08 72 38 26 6 2 84 247 233 3rd, North 2008 BYEW, 4–2, ELM L, 3–4, CIN — —2008–09 72 24 42 3 3 54 211 269 7th, North 2009 did not qualify2009–10 72 37 29 1 5 80 254 275 2nd, East 2010 W, 3–2, KAL W, 4–0, FLA L, 3–4, CIN —2010–11 72 44 23 2 3 93 257 220 1st, Atlantic 2011 W, 3–1, CIN L, 0–4, KAL — —2011–12 72 36 28 4 4 80 229 235 3rd, Atlantic 2012 L, 2–3, ELM — — —2012–13 72 46 19 3 4 99 246 185 1st, Atlantic 2013 W, 4–2, GRN W, 4–3, FLA W, 4–1, CIN W, 4–1, STK2013–14 72 46 22 2 2 96 229 182 1st, Atlantic 2014 L, 1–4, FW — — —2014–15 72 45 21 4 2 96 259 210 3rd, East 2015 L, 3–4, SC — — —2015–16 72 36 26 6 4 82 222 194 3rd, East 2016 W, 4–3, TOL L, 3–4, WHL — —2016–17 72 41 25 4 2 88 255 217 2nd, North 2017 L, 2–4, BRM — — —2017–18 72 39 24 9 0 87 232 199 3rd, North 2018 L, 0–4, MAN — — —2018–19 72 34 28 4 6 78 229 229 5th, North 2019 did not qualify2019–20 60 37 17 5 1 80 218 176 2nd, North 2020 Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic2020–21 Opted out of participating due to the COVID-19 pandemic 2021 did not participate2021–22 71 45 17 7 2 99 258 201 1st, North 2022 W, 4–2, MNE L, 3–4, NFD — —2022–23 72 41 25 5 1 88 262 215 2nd, North 2023 W, 4–2, MNE L, 1–4, NFD — —2023–24 72 29 35 6 2 66 198 247 6th, North2024 did not qualify |
Reading Royals | Players | Players |
Reading Royals | Retired numbers | Retired numbers
Reading Royals retired numbersNo.PlayerPositionCareerNo. retirement 10 Yannick Tifu C 2012–2014, 2015–2016 2018 22 Larry Courville LW 2004–2008 2011 |
Reading Royals | Individual award winners | Individual award winners |
Reading Royals | All-ECHL Second Team | All-ECHL Second Team
Adam Comrie: 2012–13, 2015–16
Matt Willows: 2017–18
Nolan Zajac: 2017–18
Eric Knodel: 2019–20 |
Reading Royals | ECHL All Rookie Team | ECHL All Rookie Team
T. J. Kemp: 2005–06
David Vallorani: 2012–13
Michal Cajkovsky: 2013–14 |
Reading Royals | ECHL Hall of Fame | ECHL Hall of Fame
Derek Clancey, coach, 2003–2005, inducted 2020 |
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