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Reading Royals | References | References |
Reading Royals | External links | External links
Category:ECHL teams
Category:Reading Royals players
Category:Professional ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania
Category:Sports in Reading, Pennsylvania
Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 2001
Category:Philadelphia Flyers minor league affiliates
Category:Los Angeles Kings minor league affiliates
Category:Boston Bruins minor league affiliates
Category:Toronto Maple Leafs minor league affiliates
Category:Washington Capitals minor league affiliates
Category:2001 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Reading Royals | Table of Content | Short description, Franchise history, Columbus Chill and Kings era, New affiliations and the Courville era, 2017–2022: Kirk MacDonald era, 2022–2024: James Henry era, 2024–present: Jason Binkley era, Season-by-season record, Players, Retired numbers, Individual award winners, All-ECHL Second Team, ECHL All Rookie Team, ECHL Hall of Fame, References, External links |
Marshall Jefferson | Short description | Marshall Julius Jefferson (born September 19, 1959) is an American musician, working in the house music subgenres of Chicago house and deep house. |
Marshall Jefferson | Biography | Biography
Sometimes known as the father of house music, Jefferson was originally a record producer in the Universal Recording Studios in Chicago, where he met the owner of Trax Records, Larry Sherman. Jefferson's 1986 single for Trax, "Move Your Body", the first house song to use piano, was a popular and influential song in the genre. During the late-1980s heyday of house music, he recorded solo and collaborative material under various names such as Virgo, Jungle Wonz, Truth, and On the House. Jefferson's deep house productions include songs by CeCe Rogers and Sterling Void, and Ten City's first two albums. In March 1987, the British music magazine NME reported that Jefferson and Frankie Knuckles were in the UK for the first house-music tour.
"Move Your Body" appeared in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on house-music radio station SF-UR. This song also appeared in Michael Winterbottom's film 24 Hour Party People and in the 1991 documentary film Paris Is Burning.
Jefferson took a break from music in 1990, then returned to DJing in 1993. He moved to Billericay in Essex where he had a five-year residency with the Tribal Gathering and Big Love events.
Jefferson now lives in Manchester, England and released a remixed version of "Move Your Body" (credited to Marshall Jefferson x Solardo, with the latter being a Mancunian production duo made up of Mark Richards & James Eliot) in 2019. The remix was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in 2023.
In 2021, he teamed up again with Byron Stingily to release "Be Free", the first single in 25 years to be credited to Stingily's house music group Ten City.
Jefferson is featured in Episode 3 of the 2024 PBS series Disco: Soundtrack of a Revolution. |
Marshall Jefferson | References | References |
Marshall Jefferson | External links | External links
Marshall Jefferson at Discogs
Video: Paul Morley interview with Marshall Jefferson, The Observer, 2010
Marshall Jefferson 2012 audio interview at Soulinterviews.com
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:DJs from Chicago
Category:Acid house musicians
Category:Deep house musicians
Category:American dance musicians
Category:American house musicians
Category:African-American DJs
Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Category:21st-century African-American people
Category:20th-century African-American people
Category:American electronic dance music DJs |
Marshall Jefferson | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, References, External links |
Golden Lamb Inn | Use mdy dates | thumb|right|230px|The Golden Lamb Inn, photographed November 15, 1936.
The Golden Lamb Inn is the oldest hotel in Ohio, having been established in the Warren County seat of Lebanon in 1803. It opened as a log tavern, licensed as "a house of Public Entertainment" located on the main street of Lebanon. The present four-story structure is built around the 1815 rebuilding of the inn, maintaining its colonial architecture. It is known as the Golden Lamb because that image appeared on its signboard for the benefit of the illiterate. At various times it has been known as the Ownly Hotel, the Bradley House, the Lebanon House, and the Stubbs House.
On January 12, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Golden Lamb. |
Golden Lamb Inn | Famous guests | Famous guests
Because of Lebanon's position on the highway between Cincinnati and Columbus, many notables have visited the inn. The Golden Lamb has been visited by twelve American Presidents: William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, Warren G. Harding, William Howard Taft, Ronald Reagan, and George W. Bush.
Other famous guests to visit the Golden Lamb include Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Daniel Webster, Thomas Corwin, Clement Vallandigham (who infamously shot and killed himself accidentally in his hotel room at the Golden Lamb, while attempting to prove that a man, whom his client was accused of shooting, shot himself accidentally), Cordell Hull secretary of state for President Franklin D. Roosevelt (who went to school in Lebanon at the National Normal University), Robert A. Taft, Dewitt Clinton, and Lord Stanley, who later became prime minister of the United Kingdom. More recently, on September 8, 2008 Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates senator John McCain and Alaska governor Sarah Palin spoke at the Golden Lamb. |
Golden Lamb Inn | Owners | Owners
Jonas Seaman of New Jersey was the log tavern's builder and first operator. Debts forced him to sell during the 1810's. Ichabod Corwin, one of Lebanon's founders, bought the old Seaman tavern. Corwin built a fine brick hostel replacing the old log structure. In 1926, Robert Jones, grandfather of Senator Rob Portman and husband of Virginia Kunkle leased the Golden Lamb. In 1927, he refurbished it and redecorated it with Shaker furniture. In 1969, Mr. and Mrs. Jones leased the Golden Lamb to the Comisar family, who owned and operated the now defunct five-star Maisonette restaurant in Cincinnati. The Golden Lamb Restaurant & Hotel continues to be owned by the Portman Family of Ohio. |
Golden Lamb Inn | The building | The building
Four floors
Lobby
Restaurant with a tavern, three large public dining rooms, and five private dining rooms
Gift shop
Seventeen guest rooms
The old stables were removed to make room for the parking lot |
Golden Lamb Inn | See also | See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, Ohio |
Golden Lamb Inn | References | References |
Golden Lamb Inn | External links | External links
History of the Golden Lamb
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, Ohio
Category:Buildings and structures in Warren County, Ohio
Category:Restaurants in Ohio
Category:Companies based in Ohio
Category:Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1815
Category:Hotels established in 1803
Category:1815 establishments in Ohio |
Golden Lamb Inn | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, Famous guests, Owners, The building, See also, References, External links |
Category:Methodism | Cat main | Articles about or relating to Methodism, a movement of Protestant Christian denominations whose origins lie in the life and ministry of John Wesley.
Category:Christian denominations founded in Great Britain
Category:Arminianism
Category:Protestant denominational families |
Category:Methodism | Table of Content | Cat main |
Chautauqua, Ohio | Short description | thumb|right|250px|Aerial view of Chautauqua
Chautauqua ,
also Chautaugua or Chatauqua, is an unincorporated community in Montgomery and Warren counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. Chautauqua is located at (39.591072, -84.296293). It lies on the west bank of the Great Miami River at the county boundary. It was established in 1901 with 310 acres (1.3 km). The members of the Miami Valley Chautauqua Association lived in common in the town, occupying about two hundred homes.
The Montgomery County portion of Chautauqua is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Warren County portion is part of the Cincinnati–Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. |
Chautauqua, Ohio | References | References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Montgomery County, Ohio
Category:Unincorporated communities in Warren County, Ohio
Category:Populated places established in 1901
Category:Unincorporated communities in Ohio |
Chautauqua, Ohio | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Bleddyn Williams | short description | Bleddyn Llewellyn Williams MBE (22 February 1923 – 6 July 2009), was a Welsh rugby union centre. He played in 22 internationals for Wales, captaining them five times, winning each time, and captained the British Lions in 1950 for some of their tour of Australia and New Zealand. Considered to be the nonpareil of Welsh centres; he was robust in the tackle and known for his strong leadership and surging runs; he was often referred to as 'The Prince Of Centres'. |
Bleddyn Williams | Biography | Biography
Born at Taff's Well, near Cardiff, he was the third of eight brothers Williams attended Rydal School in Colwyn Bay from the age of 14 until he was 18. He had already played for the Welsh Schoolboys in 1937 when he had been recommended for a scholarship to Rydal by legendary rugby player Wilf Wooller. At Rydal, he played at outside half and was seen as one of the school's star players and managed to play for Cardiff Athletic during the 1938/39 season before the outbreak of the war.Thomas (1979), p. 110. He worked for the Steel Company of Wales. |
Bleddyn Williams | Second World War | Second World War
During the Second World War he joined the Royal Air Force. Trained as a fighter pilot in Arizona, he was switched to and trained as a glider pilot, attached to the Glider Pilot Regiment.
Williams took part in various Commando and Parachute Regiment campaigns, piloting a glider in Operation Varsity – the crossing of the River Rhine into Germany – with a cargo of medical and radio supplies. He then spent a week sleeping rough, before bumping into his commanding officer, Hugh Bartlett DFC, the Sussex County Cricket Club batsman, on a Friday morning: "Williams aren't you meant to be at Welford Road tomorrow playing for Great Britain against the Dominions? They need you. Go now!" Williams caught the last supply plane to RAF Brize Norton that night, and although the team didn't win he did score a try. He couldn't win the match but did score a glorious try. He turned out for both the RAF and the Great Britain United rugby teams. |
Bleddyn Williams | Rugby career | Rugby career
During war-time Williams joined Cardiff and switched his position to centre. He was offered £6,000 to play rugby league for Leeds but turned down the offer He forged a famous centre partnership for Cardiff with Dr Jack Matthews and along with Billy Cleaver they made one of the most formidable midfield trios the club has ever produced. Each of Bleddyn's seven brothers also played for Cardiff, and his younger brother Lloyd represented Wales in the 1960s. At one time four of the siblings played in the same Cardiff team together and between them had a Cardiff career that spanned thirty years. Bleddyn Williams played 283 games for Cardiff and scored 185 tries for the club, including a club record 41 tries in the 1947–48 season. |
Bleddyn Williams | International career | International career
Williams made his debut for Wales in January 1947 against as a fly-half, playing alongside Haydn Tanner. He went on to win a further 21 Welsh caps, all as a centre, making his final appearance against in January 1955. He scored seven tries, for a total of 21 points in internationals. Williams captained Wales in five matches, four times in 1953 and once in 1955, in his final international. He led the side to victory in all five games.Griffiths (1987) pp. 4:27–4:31
In 1953 he had the unique distinction of captaining his club (Cardiff), and his country (Wales), to victory against the touring New Zealand All Blacks.
Williams was a member of the 1950 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia and played three of the four tests against (missing the first test through injuryThomas (2005) p. 92) and both tests against . He captained the Lions in the third and fourth tests against New Zealand, deputising for the injured captain Karl Mullen. Williams scored one international try for the Lions, in the first test against Australia.Griffiths (1987) p. 9:8 |
Bleddyn Williams | Later life | Later life
After injury forced him to retire at the age of 32 in 1955, Williams began a career in the media, establishing himself as an authoritative commentator on the game. He was the rugby union correspondent of the Sunday People for 30 years.
He was made an MBE in the 2005 New Year Honours list, an award he accepted with typical modesty by saying he owed it to his team mates.
He was the president of Cardiff Athletic Club |
Bleddyn Williams | Personal life | Personal life
Post war, Williams married Violet; the couple had a son and two daughters. In 1979, Violet gave Williams the Kiss of Life after he collapsed with an embolism. Violet later died of cancer. On 6 July 2009, Williams died at the Holme Tower medical centre in Cardiff, after suffering ill health for some time. |
Bleddyn Williams | References | References |
Bleddyn Williams | Bibliography | Bibliography
|
Bleddyn Williams | External links | External links
Profile On British and Irish Lions Official Site
Bleddyn Williams – Daily Telegraph obituary
Category:1923 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:20th-century Welsh sportsmen
Category:Barbarian F.C. players
Category:British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales
Category:British Army personnel of World War II
Category:Cardiff RFC players
Category:Glider Pilot Regiment officers
Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Military personnel from Rhondda Cynon Taf
Category:Newbridge RFC players
Category:People educated at Rydal Penrhos
Category:Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Category:Royal Air Force rugby union players
Category:Rugby union centres
Category:Rugby union fly-halves
Category:Rugby union players from Taff's Well
Category:Wales international rugby union players
Category:Wales rugby union captains
Category:Welsh journalists
Category:Welsh rugby union players
Category:World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees |
Bleddyn Williams | Table of Content | short description, Biography, Second World War, Rugby career, International career, Later life, Personal life, References, Bibliography, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Able Laboratories, Inc. | [[Able Laboratories, Inc.]] | Able Laboratories, Inc.
Delete as it is an advert.--PlasmaDragon 16:59, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Delete - nothing more than a uninformative advert Barneyboo 18:15, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Delete , non-notable suppository suppliers. --Ianb 20:13, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
DeleteCarr
Delete: Advertising, coming soon. Geogre 00:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
D: and it's copy pasted from http://www.ablelabs.com/ --Joe D 00:18, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Spam. Delete unless rewritten. - Mike Rosoft 12:01, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Autobiography or copyvio. Either way, delete. anthony (see warning) 16:13, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Able Laboratories, Inc. | Table of Content | [[Able Laboratories, Inc.]] |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Short description | Lufthansa Flight 540 was a scheduled commercial flight for Lufthansa, serving the Frankfurt–Nairobi–Johannesburg route.
On 20 November 1974, the Boeing 747-130 that was operating as Flight 540 was carrying 157 people (139 passengers and 18 crew members) crashed and caught fire shortly after taking off from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya, for the last leg of the flight, resulting in the deaths of 54 passengers and 5 crew members. The crash was the first fatal accident involving a Boeing 747, and it remains the deadliest crash in the history of Lufthansa. It also remains as the deadliest aviation accident to occur in Kenya. |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Aircraft and crew | Aircraft and crew
thumb|D-ABYB, the Lufthansa 747-100 involved, seen at Nuremberg Airport in 1970.
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-130 registered as D-ABYB and was named Hessen. It was the second 747 to be delivered to Lufthansa. It first flew on 30 March 1970 and was delivered to Lufthansa on 13 April. The aircraft was powered by four Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 turbofan engines. The aircraft had 16,781 flying hours at the time of the accident.
In command was 53-year-old Captain Christian Krack (who had logged 10,464 flight hours, with 1,619 hours on the Boeing 747), 35-year-old First Officer Hans-Joachim Schacke (3,418 flight hours, 2,237 of which were logged on the Boeing 747) and 51-year-old Flight Engineer Rudolf "Rudi" Hahn (13,000 hours of flying experience). The cabin crew consisted of 14 regular flight attendants and 1 assistant stewardess, who was responsible for childcare. Lufthansa only offered the so-called Mickey Mouse Service on the route from Frankfurt to Johannesburg. |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Accident | Accident
As the aircraft was making its takeoff from runway 24 at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, the pilots felt a buffeting vibration. The captain continued the climb and retracted the landing gear. However, as this was being done, the aircraft started to descend and the stall warning system light came on. The aircraft continued to descend and approximately from the end of the runway, the 747 airplane crashed in the grass. It then struck an elevated access road and broke up. The left wing exploded and fire spread to the fuselage. 54 of the 139 passengers and 5 of the 18 crew members died. The three pilots survived the accident. |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Cause | Cause
The cause of the accident was determined to be a stall caused by the leading edge slats (strictly speaking, outboard variable camber leading-edge slats and inboard Krueger flaps) having been left in the retracted position. Even though the trailing edge flaps were deployed, without the slats being extended the aircraft's stall speed was higher and the maximum angle of attack was lower. As a result, the aircraft was unable to climb out of ground effect. The flight engineer was found to have failed to open the slat system bleed air valves as required on the pre-flight checklist. This prevented bleed air from flowing to the 747's pneumatic slat system and, since the leading edge slats on the 747 are pneumatically driven, kept it from deploying the leading edge slats for takeoff. The takeoff warning system, which would have sounded an alarm if the flaps had not been set for takeoff, did not have a separate warning that the slats' pneumatic valve had not been opened by the flight engineer.
The faulty state of the slats should by design have been indicated by yellow warning lights: one for the pilot, and eight for the flight engineer. However, both crew members stated in court that these lights had been green. Three possible explanations have since been offered for this inconsistency: that the morning sun was blinding the cockpit crew and thus hampered color perception, that a construction error could have caused green lights despite the retracted slats, and that the crew lied. None of these possibilities could be conclusively proven. The flight crew was blamed for not performing a satisfactory pre-takeoff checklist, but the accident report also faulted the lack of adequate warning systems that could have alerted the crew to the problem. Two previous occurrences of this error had been reported, but in those cases the pilots had been able to recover the aircraft in time. After this third, deadly incident, Boeing added systems to warn pilots if the slat valve had not been opened prior to takeoff.
Captain Krack and flight engineer Hahn were dismissed from Lufthansa shortly after, but their dismissals were overturned by a labor court, as no investigation report was available to rule out the possibility of a technical defect.
Flight engineer Hahn was charged with criminal negligence, but was acquitted in 1981. The accident was the first fatal crash involving a Boeing 747.
However, there are reliable indications that Lufthansa was already aware of possible problems with (false) displays concerning the slats a good six months before the Nairobi crash. Other airlines such as British Airways therefore equipped their aircraft with an additional warning system, which Lufthansa did not. |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | See also | See also
Spanair Flight 5022
Delta Air Lines Flight 1141
LAPA Flight 3142 |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | References | References |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Sources | Sources
"Report on Accident to Boeing 747 Registered D-ABYB which occurred on 20th November 1974 at Nairobi Airport, Kenya." East African Community Accident Investigation Branch (Nairobi), 1976. Worldcat entry.
Commander, Heino Caesor
Lufthansa Flug 540: Der erste Jumbo-Absturz, Patrick Huber |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | External links | External links
()
Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary
Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by design or manufacturing errors
Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1974
Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Kenya
540
Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
Category:1974 in Kenya
Category:November 1974 in Africa
Category:Germany–Kenya relations |
Lufthansa Flight 540 | Table of Content | Short description, Aircraft and crew, Accident, Cause, See also, References, Sources, External links |
File:Fletcher munson elc.png | Made myself in Inkscape by tracing over original Fletcher-Munson scan. Not exact, but is roughly accurate.
| Made myself in Inkscape by tracing over original Fletcher-Munson scan. Not exact, but is roughly accurate. |
File:Fletcher munson elc.png | Table of Content | Made myself in Inkscape by tracing over original Fletcher-Munson scan. Not exact, but is roughly accurate.
|
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Use mdy dates | Fort Smith ( "beside the rapids") is a town in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. It is located in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territories, on the Slave River and adjacent to the Alberta border along the 60th parallel north. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | History | History
thumb|left|John Franklin's 1819–1820 expedition map showing Slave River, Salt River and portages
Fort Smith was founded around the Slave River. It served a vital link for water transportation between southern Canada and the western Arctic. Early fur traders found a portage route, long established by indigenous peoples, from what is now Fort Fitzgerald on the western bank of the Slave River to Fort Smith. This route allowed its users to bypass the four sets of impassable rapids (Cassette Rapids, Pelican Rapids, Mountain Rapids, and Rapids of the Drowned). The portage trail had been traditionally used for centuries by generations of local Indigenous peoples.
The make up of the Indigenous population of the region shifted as the fortunes of the tribes changed. By 1870, the Slavey had moved north and the Cree had occupied the Slave River Valley. The Chipewyan had also begun moving into the area.
Peter Pond of the North West Company was the first white trader recorded to have traveled on the Slave River and made contact with Indigenous peoples in this region. In the 1780s he established a post on Lake Athabasca called Fort Chipewyan, at the head of the Slave River.
thumb|left|Portage on the Slave River circa 1900
thumb|left|Boats landing at Mountain Portage on the Slave River circa 1900
Dominated by the activities of the Hudson's Bay Company, the fur trade penetrated more deeply into the Mackenzie River district in the 19th century. York boats were used to run the Slave River rapids and, where needed, small portages were established to bypass the most dangerous areas. Nonetheless, serious mishaps were bound to happen. This section of the Slave River became known as 'The Rapids of the Drowned'.
In 1872, the Hudson's Bay Company built an outpost called Smith's Landing (Fort Fitzgerald) at the most southern set of the Slave River rapids. In 1874, another outpost was constructed at the most northern set of rapids. It was called Fort Smith. Both posts were named in honour of Donald Alexander Smith, who in August 1897, was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as The 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal.
In 1876, the Roman Catholic Mission was moved from Salt River to Fort Smith while the community was prospering.
In 1886, the Hudson's Bay Company launched the steam-propelled vessel SS Wrigley to run from Fort Smith to the Mackenzie River. The steamer ran the Slave River from Fort McMurray to the head of the rapids at Smith's Landing beginning in 1882.
In 1898, the Yukon Gold Rush brought many gold seekers over the portages and through Fort Smith. In 1908, a new HBC steamer paddlewheeler, SS Mackenzie River, was launched to operate on the Slave and Mackenzie rivers below Fort Smith (see boats of the Mackenzie River watershed).
In 1911, government was established in Fort Smith when Ottawa sent an Indian agent and a regional medical doctor, and the Royal Northwest Mounted Police opened a detachment. With these developments, Fort Smith became not only the transportation centre for the western Arctic but the administrative centre as well.
The mission sawmill produced lumber for the first hospital, St. Anne's, built in 1914 for the Grey Nuns. The sawmill also supplied the lumber for the first school, built in 1915. The Roman Catholic Mission also operated St. Bruno's Farm, which supplied produce, meat, and dairy products. Until it was closed in the 1920s, the farm supplied all the church's missions in the western Arctic. Its workers maintained a herd of more than 140 cattle.
Horse-drawn freight services were complemented by tractors in 1919, when the Alberta & Arctic Transportation Company, a subsidiary of Lamson & Hubbard Trading Company, commissioned two tractors on the Slave River portage to haul commercial freight from one side of the rapids to the other.
With the discovery of oil at Norman Wells in 1920, a federal government administration building was constructed to house the new Northwest Territories branch and the first court of justice in the Mackenzie District. The Union Bank of Canada, making use of a tent, opened the first bank in the Northwest Territories in Fort Smith in June 1921.As Long as this Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870-1939Union Bank of Canada, Fort Smith, North West Territories, 1921
thumb|left|Northern Trading Co. at Fort Smith
thumb|HBC transport loaded with fur, Fort Smith circa 1900
In 1920 the Lamson & Hubbard Trading Company launched Distributor to service its trading posts along the Mackenzie River. This group was taken over by the HBC in 1924. By the 1930s, a significant part of the Fort Smith economy was centred around ship and barge building. The HBC and Northern Transportation Company Limited (NTCL) established shipyards below Fort Smith.
Wood Buffalo National Park was established in 1922; its operations and administration headquarters were in Fort Smith.
In 1924, Fort Smith received the first of the Northwest Territories and Yukon Radio System installed by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals. In 1928, Fort Smith Airport was built.
The discovery of gold in Yellowknife in 1938 was a catalyst for an economic boost to Fort Smith, as many prospectors came passing through and bought supplies at the post. In the same year, an Anglican Mission house was built; a church was built in 1939.
In 1942–1943, Fort Smith played a small part in the war effort when huge armies raged across the globe in the Second World War. With a population of 250, Fort Smith hosted 2,000 United States Army soldiers who were en route to the Canol Oil Pipeline Project at Norman Wells and the Canol Road. They brought hundreds of barge loads of supplies; and in order to move these, they built a tractor road from Fort Smith to Hay River and even farther north.
The continued gold fever that fuelled Yellowknife's growth also stimulated the five-fold growth of Fort Smith's population in the decade following 1945. Government administrative facilities were increased to keep up with population needs and the village developed as a transportation hub for the Mackenzie District.
Fort Smith was incorporated as a village in 1964; two years later, with a population of 2,130, the village became a town on October 1, 1966. The all-weather road to Hay River was officially completed in 1966, permanently linking Fort Smith to the south.
The completion of a southern rail link to Hay River in 1964 meant that Fort Smith's role as the transportation hub was largely negated. Shipping operations on the Slave River ceased in 1968.
When Yellowknife was designated as the territorial capital in 1967, Fort Smith was kept as the administrative centre of the government of the Northwest Territories' vast region. See history of Northwest Territories capital cities.
On Friday August 9, 1968, disaster struck Fort Smith when a landslide some broke away from the riverbank; it caused property damage and killed one person. The riverbank area has since been sloped to stabilize it. Reshaped as a gentle hillside, it is known as Riverbank Park, and features groomed trails, picnic areas, and a viewing platform to oversee the Rapids of the Drowned.On the Banks of the Slave: A History of the Community of Fort Smith, Northwest Territories. Tourism Committee of Fort Smith, Department of Education Northwest Territories, 1979.
In 1970, the Adult Vocational Training Centre was opened. Its operations were later expanded and in 1981 it became Thebacha College. A few years later, Arctic College was created by the government of the Northwest Territories. The Thebacha Campus was home to government headquarters offices. In 1995, the college changed its name to Aurora College in order to allow Nunavut the use of the Arctic College name for their tribal college.
Today, Fort Smith's economy is based on the federal, territorial, and aboriginal governments, along with education and tourism. In 2008, interest began to develop to re-establish a portage route to supply the Fort McMurray oilsands operations by river. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Geography | Geography
The town is approximately southeast of Yellowknife, the territorial capital. The park headquarters for Wood Buffalo National Park is located in Fort Smith. The headquarters and Thebacha Campus of Aurora College is located in Fort Smith; it is the largest of the three campus locations in the Northwest Territories. Fort Smith is located in the South Slave Region (administrative) and Region 5, Northwest Territories (census division). The town was previously in the Fort Smith Region census division.
Fort Smith is accessible all year long via the Fort Smith Highway. A winter road operates for several months to connect Fort Smith to Fort Chipewyan and from there to Fort McMurray. An all-weather road named Pine Lake Road links Fitzgerald. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Climate | Climate
Fort Smith has a dry continental subarctic climate (Koppen: Dfc) with very long winters combined with warm but relatively short summers.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort Smith was on June 30, 2021. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on December 26, 1917. These are both the hottest and coldest temperatures ever recorded in the Northwest Territories. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Demographics | Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fort Smith had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Ethnicity | Ethnicity
According to the 2016 census, the majority of people in Fort Smith (1,645) were Indigenous of which 920 were First Nations, 585 were Métis and 135 Inuit.
+ Panethnic groups in the Town of Fort Smith (2001−2021)Panethnic group20212016201120062001 Indigenous 1,395 1,650 1,325 1,460 1,300 European 710 785 645 780 810 South Asian 30 10 10 15 10 Southeast Asian 25 20 20 10 10 African 25 20 10 10 10 East Asian 20 10 10 20 35 Middle Eastern 0 10 0 20 10 Latin American 0 10 0 0 0 Other/multiracial 0 0 0 0 0 Total responses 2,210 2,500 2,015 2,310 2,160 Total population 2,248 2,542 2,496 2,364 2,185 |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Language | Language
The main languages are English, Chipewyan (Dene), Cree, Dogrib (Tłı̨chǫ), Slavey-Hare, Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) and Inuktitut. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Government | Government
+Fort Smith federal election results Year Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green 2021 31% 183 11% 68 43% 258 4% 24 2019 36% 264 19% 139 40% 293 5% 37
Local government consists of the Town of Fort Smith Council with 9 members (7 councillors, deputy mayor and mayor). The mayor works part-time and council is elected every three years. As of 2021 the current mayor of Fort Smith is Fred Daniels.
Fort Smith is represented by the Salt River First Nation #195 and are part of the Akaitcho Territory Government. As of June 2012, the Salt River First Nation had given the Akaitcho Territory Government the mandatory six months notice that they would be separating from the organization.
The Fort Smith Métis Council is the local representation for members of the Northwest Territory Métis Nation. In 1996, a framework agreement was signed with the government of the Northwest Territories and the government of Canada to commence negotiations on land, resources and self-government. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Attractions | Attractions
thumb|Pelicans on the Rapids of the Drowned
Fort Smith is the home of the Northern Life Museum and the museum ship Radium King. Wood Buffalo National Park can also be accessed from Fort Smith.
Every year the South Slave Friendship Festival, a music and arts festival, occurs in Fort Smith, usually in August. Musicians and artists from across the Northwest Territories and many other faraway places come to interact with other artists and show off their talents to the public.
Many tourists come to see the world-class Slave River and many kayakers try its rapids.
Fort Smith Mission Park is a popular tourist attraction featuring historic buildings and a grotto from the Oblate Catholic Mission.
In the summer months, pelicans can be seen nesting on the various rapids near Fort Smith. Whooping cranes, an endangered species, also nest in the area during the summer and can be viewed via air charters as ground access is prohibited. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Education | Education
There are a number of educational facilities in Fort Smith including Joseph Burr Tyrrell Elementary School, Paul William Kaeser High School and the Thebacha Campus of Aurora College. Additionally, the main office of the South Slave Divisional Education Council is located in the town. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Notable residents | Notable residents
Mark Carney, 24th Prime Minister of Canada, former governor of the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England. |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | See also | See also
List of municipalities in the Northwest Territories
Fort Smith (District) Heliport |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Notes | Notes |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | References | References |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | External links | External links
Category:Towns in the Northwest Territories
Category:Communities in the South Slave Region
Category:Hudson's Bay Company forts |
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Climate, Demographics, Ethnicity, Language, Government, Attractions, Education, Notable residents, See also, Notes, References, External links |
Beedles Station, Ohio | Use mdy dates | right|Location of Beedles Station, Ohio
Beedles Station was the first settlement in what was to become Warren County, Ohio, United States. A blockhouse was established there in 1795 in what is now Section 28, Town 4, Range 3 of the Between the Miami Rivers Survey in western Turtlecreek Township. This is on the west side of State Route 741 about a mile south of Otterbein. The settlement was named for William Beedle, an early settler. A historical plaque marks the site. |
Beedles Station, Ohio | References | References
Category:Geography of Warren County, Ohio
Category:Ghost towns in Ohio
Category:Populated places established in 1795 |
Beedles Station, Ohio | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, References |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Short description | In the American legal system, prior appropriation water rights is the doctrine that the first person to take a quantity of water from a water source for "beneficial use" (agricultural, industrial or household) has the right to continue to use that quantity of water for that purpose.78 Am. Jur. 2d Waters § 355 (2021). Subsequent users can take the remaining water for their own use if they do not impinge on the rights of previous users. The doctrine is sometimes summarized, "first in time, first in right".
Prior appropriation rights do not constitute a full ownership right in the water, merely the right to withdraw it, and can be abrogated if not used for an extended period of time. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Origin | Origin
Water is very scarce in the West and so must be allocated sparingly, based on the productivity of its use. The prior appropriation doctrine developed in the Western United States from Spanish (and later Mexican) civil law and differs from the riparian water rights that apply in the rest of the United States. The appropriation doctrine originated in Gold-Rush–era California, when miners sought to acquire water for mining operations. In the 1855 case of Irwin v. Phillips, Matthew Irwin diverted a stream for his mining operation. Shortly afterward, Robert Phillips started a mining operation downstream and eventually tried to divert the water back to its original streambed. The case was taken to the California Supreme Court, which ruled for Irwin. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Nature of the right | Nature of the right
The legal details of prior appropriation vary from state to state. Under the prior appropriation system, the right is initially allotted to those who are "first in time of use"; these rights of withdrawal can then trade on the open market, like other property. For water sources with many users, a government or quasi-government agency is usually charged with overseeing allocations. Allocations involving water sources that cross state borders or international borders can be quite contentious, and are generally governed by federal court rulings, interstate agreements and international treaties.
A claim of prior appropriation must prove four sub-claims: diversion (that the water had been withdrawn), priority (that the withdrawer had diverted water prior to the other claimant), intent (that the water had been withdrawn by design), and beneficial use (that the water was put to a publicly-acceptable end). If proved, the initial person to use a quantity of water from a water source for a beneficial use has the right to continue to use the same quantity of water for the same purpose. Subsequent users can use the remaining water for their own beneficial purposes provided that they do not impinge on the rights of previous users; this is the priority element of the doctrine. But neither can a senior user change the manner (i.e., location) in which they appropriate water to the detriment of a junior user. These Preservation of Conditions were granted to the second user after Farmers Highline Canal & Reservoir Co. v. City of Golden, 272 P.2d 629 (Colo. 1954). A senior water user could, for example, only have been using the water during a particular season. Then the purchaser of the water right could only use the water in the same season as when the right was established. In addition, the state may put additional conditions on the use of the water right to prevent polluting or inefficient uses of water.
Beneficial use is commonly defined as agricultural, industrial or household use. The doctrine has historically excluded ecological purposes, such as maintaining a natural body of water and the wildlife that depends on it, but some jurisdictions now accept such claims. The extent to which private parties may own such rights varies among the states.
Each water right has a yearly quantity and an appropriation date. Each year, the user with the earliest appropriation date (known as the "senior appropriator") may use up to their full allocation (provided the water source can supply it). Then the user with the next earliest appropriation date may use their full allocation and so on. In cases of water shortages, prior-appropriation does not require a senior user to utilize less water than usual. Therefore, during times of drought, users with junior appropriation dates might not receive their full allocation or even any water at all.
When a water right is sold, it retains its original appropriation date. Only the amount of water historically consumed can be transferred if a water right is sold. For example, if alfalfa is grown using flood irrigation, the amount of the return flow may not be transferred, only the amount that would be necessary to irrigate the amount of alfalfa historically grown.
Prior appropriation rights are subject to certain adverse possession-type rules to reduce speculation. Withdrawal rights can be lost or shrunk over time if unused for a certain number of years, or if a litigant can demonstrate that the water's use is not beneficial. Abandonment of a water right is rare, but occurred in Colorado in a case involving the South Fork of San Isabel Creek in Saguache County. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Interaction with other allocation methods | Interaction with other allocation methods
In some states, junior upstream water users may take water from downstream users, as long as they return the water in comparable quantity and quality.
California and Texas grant waterfront property owners water allocations prior to any other users, in a hybrid system with riparian water rights. In Oregon, landowners have rights to water on their own land at a certain time at which it is then incorporated into the appropriation system. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Adoption | Adoption
Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming all use the prior appropriation doctrine, with permitting and reporting as their regulatory system. Of these, California, Texas, and Oregon recognize a dual doctrine system that employs both riparian and prior appropriation rights (see ). Eight states (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming) engage in prior appropriation without recognizing the riparian doctrine.
However, prior appropriation does not always determine water allocation in these states because various federal regulations also have priority over senior users. For example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 seeks to protect animals at risk of extinction, so a senior user's rights may be restricted in favor of federal regulation protecting the habitats of endangered animals.16 U.S.C. § 1531 Conservation (1973). These federal rules manifest as a prior allotment by the Secretary of the Interior.43 C.F.R. § 427.1 Water Conservation (2008). |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Arizona | Arizona
Arizona adopted the prior appropriation doctrine such that a person could acquire this water right simply by applying it to beneficial use and posting an appropriation notice at the point of diversion.Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 45-141 Waters (2021). On June 12, 1919, they enacted the Public Water Code in which the person must apply for and obtain a permit for water use. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Colorado | Colorado
The appropriation doctrine was adopted in Colorado in 1872 when the territorial court ruled in Yunker v. Nichols, 1 Colo. 552 (1872), that a non-riparian user who had previously applied part of the water from a stream to beneficial use had superior rights to the water with respect to a riparian owner who claimed a right to use of all the water at a later time. The question was not squarely presented again to the Colorado Court until 1882 when in the landmark case, Coffin v. Left Hand Ditch Co., 6 Colo. 443 (1882), the court explicitly adopted the appropriation doctrine and rejected the riparian doctrine, citing Colorado irrigation and mining practices and the nature of the climate. The decision in Coffin ruled that prior to adoption of the appropriation doctrine in the Colorado Constitution of 1876 that the riparian doctrine had never been the law in Colorado. Within 20 years the appropriation doctrine, the so-called Colorado Doctrine, had been adopted, in whole or part, by most of the states in the Western United States that had an arid climate. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | New Mexico | New Mexico
New Mexico enacted its appropriate Surface-Water Code in 1907. Later, in 1931, New Mexico enacted the Underground Water Law that adapted the state's surface law to ground water. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Montana | Montana
The prior-appropriation doctrine was adopted in 1973 in Montana under the 1973 Water Use Act. Later, they then passed the Montana Ground Water Assessment Act in 1991. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Texas | Texas
In 1967, Texas passed the Water Rights Adjudication Act in regards to surface waters such that the allocation of these waters was under a unified permit system. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Criticism | Criticism
Even though water markets increasingly gain ground, many criticize the prior appropriation system for failing to adequately adjust to society's evolving values and needs., fn. 271: "While the case law has been slow to evolve, some courts have seemed to indicate that they are willing to consider beneficial use in relative rather than objective terms. See, e.g., Butler, Crockett, and Walsh Dev. Corp. v. Pinecrest Pipeline Operating Co., 98 P.3d 1, 11-12 (Utah 2004); Imperial Irrigation Dist. v. State Water Res. Control Bd., 225 Cal. App. 3d 548, 570 (Cal. Ct. App. 1990). Despite this, courts have been unwilling to impose relative standards in a meaningful way." Environmentalists and recreational river-users demand more water be left in rivers and streams, but courts have been slow to accept these requests as beneficial uses. Conversely, the tool of beneficial use is too tied to custom to encourage users to conserve. An appropriator who uses water inefficiently retains the right to the full allotment, but an appropriator who uses only a portion risks losing the right to the rest, and water right markets remain too illiquid to purchase any excess. As a result, the vast majority of water in the West still is allocated to agricultural uses despite cries for additional water from growing cities.
High demand can cause an over-appropriation of the waters, in which there are more water rights for a particular stream than water actually available. This leads to an apparent inefficiency: if a water source is over-appropriated, the latest users will almost never see water from their claims. But without those claims, excess water from an unusually wet year will go to waste. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | In other goods | In other goods
Water is not the only public good that has been subject to prior appropriation. The same first in time, first in right theory has been used in the United States to encourage and give a legal framework for other commercial activities.
The early prospectors and miners in the California Gold Rush of 1849, and later gold and silver rushes in the western United States, applied appropriation theory to mineral deposits. The first one to discover and begin mining a deposit was acknowledged to have a legal right to mine. Because appropriation theory in mineral lands and water rights developed in the same time and place, it is likely that they influenced one another. As with water rights, mining rights could be forfeited by nonuse. The miners codes were later legalized by the federal government in 1866, and then in the Mining Law of 1872.
The Homestead Act of 1862 granted legal title to the first farmer to put public land into agricultural production. This first in time right to agricultural land may have been influenced by appropriation theory applied to mineral lands.
In recent years, there has been some discussion of limiting air pollution by granting rights to existing pollution sources. Then it has been argued, a free cap and trade market could develop in pollution rights. This would be prior appropriation theory applied to air pollution. Recent concern over carbon dioxide and global warming has led to an economic market in CO2 emissions, in which some companies wish to balance emissions increases by offsetting decreases in existing emissions sources. This is essentially acknowledging a prior appropriation right to existing CO2 emitters. |
Prior-appropriation water rights | See also | See also
Air rights
Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (in the UK)
Crown land (see "Logging and mineral rights" under Canada)
Easement ("the right of use over the real property of another")
Land rights
Right of public access to the wilderness
Riparian water rights
United States groundwater law
Civil law (legal system) |
Prior-appropriation water rights | References | References |
Prior-appropriation water rights | External links | External links
Western States Water Laws BLM site.
Category:Law and economics
Category:Environmental economics
Category:Water law in the United States |
Prior-appropriation water rights | Table of Content | Short description, Origin, Nature of the right, Interaction with other allocation methods, Adoption, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Texas, Criticism, In other goods, See also, References, External links |
Dr. David Gunn | # | redirect David Gunn |
Dr. David Gunn | Table of Content | # |
John Wayne Glover | Short description | John Wayne Glover (26 November 1932 – 9 September 2005) was an English-Australian serial killer convicted of the murders of six elderly women (aged from 60 to 93), over a period of 14 months from 1989 to 1990. The victims included Winifreda, Lady Ashton, widow of the English-Australian impressionist painter Sir Will Ashton, in suburbs located in Sydney's North Shore. Given the advanced age of his victims, after Glover was arrested in 1990, the press nicknamed him The Granny Killer.
Following his arrest in 1990, he admitted to the murders and was sentenced to consecutive terms of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. He committed suicide by hanging himself in prison on 9 September 2005. |
John Wayne Glover | Biography | Biography |
John Wayne Glover | Background | Background
Originally from a working-class family in Wolverhampton, England, Glover was convicted of many petty crimes dating back to 1947, mostly for stealing clothing and handbags. He left school at 14.
He served in the British army but was expelled when these crimes were discovered. He emigrated to Australia in 1956 or 1957 with no qualifications. He first lived in Melbourne.
Shortly after emigrating from England to Australia, Glover (who became a naturalised Australian citizen) was convicted on two counts of larceny in Victoria, and a stealing charge in New South Wales. In 1962, he was convicted on two counts of assaulting women in Melbourne, two counts of indecent assault, one of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, and another four counts of larceny. He was sentenced to a three-year good-behaviour bond.
He had a troubled relationship with older women in his life, especially his mother Freda (who had several husbands and many boyfriends). After 1968, when he married Gay Rolls and moved into his parents-in-law's house in Mosman, Sydney, he also had trouble with his mother-in-law. Glover's mother moved to Australia in 1976; she died of breast cancer in 1989.
Before John Glover began his killings in the late 1980s, he was a volunteer at the Senior Citizens Society. His friends considered him to be a friendly and trustworthy man. He was married with two daughters, and appeared to live a contented lifestyle in Mosman. Glover worked as a sales representative for the Four'N Twenty meat pie company. |
John Wayne Glover | Murders | Murders
No proof has been found of Glover killing before 1989, when he was 56. At this stage, he had been married for 20 years with children, and his wife had no knowledge of his previous criminal offences.John Wayne Glover: The Granny Killer – the Crime Library – The Crime library
Glover admitted to the killings when confronted with the police evidence. He denied responsibility for other crimes in which he was a prime suspect, including the bashing murder of 78-year-old artist Florence Broadhurst in her Paddington studio in 1977. A number of years after his conviction, Glover admitted that he never worried about who his victims were, or why he killed them. He said he wanted to stop killing, but could not. After each murder, he apparently went about his normal life. |
John Wayne Glover | Pre-murder offence | Pre-murder offence
On 11 January 1989, 84-year-old Margaret Todhunter was walking down Hale Road, Mosman, where she was seen by Glover. After parking his car, he walked up to the victim. He punched Todhunter in the face, and stole the contents of her purse, including $209. Glover went to the Mosman Returned and Services League (RSL) club, where he spent Mrs Todhunter's money. Investigating police concluded the crime was a mugging and held little hope of finding the perpetrator. |
John Wayne Glover | Gwendolin Mitchelhill | Gwendolin Mitchelhill
On 1 March 1989, as Glover left the Mosman RSL in Military Road, he saw 82-year-old Gwendolin Mitchelhill walking down the street. Glover returned to his car and put a hammer under his belt. He followed Mitchelhill to the entry foyer of her Military Road apartment building. As she went to open the front door, he hit her with the hammer on the back of her head. He continued to strike her about the head and body, breaking several of her ribs. Glover fled the scene, taking her purse containing $100. Mitchelhill was still alive when she was found by two schoolboys, but died shortly after the police and ambulance arrived.
The police had no eyewitnesses or leads and nothing concrete linked this attack with the previous attack on Margaret Todhunter. No forensic evidence was available, either, as well-intentioned neighbours, believing she had merely fallen, had washed the crime scene. The police assumed that it was another mugging gone wrong. |
John Wayne Glover | Lady Winfreda Isabel Ashton (Hoggard) | Lady Winfreda Isabel Ashton (Hoggard)
On 9 May 1989, Glover was walking along Military Road when he saw 84-year-old Lady Ashton, widow of English-Australian impressionist artist Sir John William Ashton, walking towards him. She was on her way home to nearby Raglan Street. Glover put on a pair of gloves and followed her into the foyer of her apartment, where he attacked her with his hammer. He threw her to the ground and dragged her into a rubbish bin alcove, where he repeatedly hit her head on the pavement. Glover recalled that she had almost overpowered him, until he fell on top of her and started to hit her head on the pavement. After he knocked her unconscious, Glover removed her pantyhose and strangled her. He placed Lady Ashton's walking stick and shoes at her feet. He left with her purse containing $100. Glover headed for the Mosman RSL, where he commented to staff that he hoped the sirens outside were not because of another mugging.
The police found Lady Ashton lying face down diagonally across the concrete floor of the small bin alcove. A pool of blood was around her head. The pantyhose was strung so tightly around her neck that it cut through the skin. Her bare legs were crossed and her arms were placed by her sides. She had a thin trickle of blood running out of her mouth. At this point, the police concluded they were facing a serial killer. To date, all three victims were wealthy elderly women, from the same suburb, and all were assaulted or killed in the same manner before being robbed of their handbags.
A post mortem examination was carried out and no sign of semen was found. The ligature mark around her neck measured 9 cm. She had bruises on her nose and temple, on her neck, and both her eyelids. At some stage during the struggle, she bit her lips, causing damage to the inner lining of her mouth. A wound was on her cheek, which was an open cut. A small, semicircular abrasion was a few centimetres away from it. The examiner noted the victim's diamond ring was still present, suggesting that she had not been killed for money. |
John Wayne Glover | Further offences | Further offences
On 6 June 1989, Glover molested 77-year-old Marjorie Moseley at the Wesley Gardens Retirement Home in Belrose. The victim reported to hospital staff and police that a man had put his hand under her nightgown, but that she could not remember what the man looked like.
On 24 June 1989, Glover visited the Caroline Chisholm Nursing Home in Lane Cove, where he lifted the dress of an elderly patient and fondled her buttocks. In a neighbouring room, he slid his hand down the front of another patient's nightdress and stroked her breasts. The woman cried out for help and Glover was briefly questioned by staff at the hospital before leaving.Ben Hills : Scams and Scoundrels : The granny killer
On 8 August 1989, Glover assaulted the elderly Effie Carnie in a back street of Lindfield, on Sydney's upper North Shore.
On 6 October, Glover pretended to be a doctor and ran his hand up the dress of Phyllis McNeil, a patient at the Wybenia Nursing Home in the lower North Shore suburb of Neutral Bay. Glover left when the blind McNeil called for help. At the time, Glover was apparently never suspected of, or identified as being responsible for the molestations.
On 18 October 1989, Glover followed 86-year-old widow Doris Cox along Spit Road, Mosman, to her retirement village. In the secluded stairwell at the front of the house, he attacked her, ramming her face into a brick wall, where she fell. Although she survived the assault, she was not able to provide a clear description of her attacker or recollection of events – probably due to her dementia. According to her, the attacker was a young man, possibly a teenager or skateboarder. Cox assisted police with an identikit drawing, but again, the scene had been cleaned by neighbours before investigators arrived. |
John Wayne Glover | Margaret Pahud | Margaret Pahud
On 2 November 1989, Glover approached 78-year-old Lane Cove resident Dorothy Beencke while she was walking home in a quiet back street, just off Longueville Road, Lane Cove (about 10 km from Mosman). Glover engaged her in conversation, and offered to carry her groceries home for her. Beencke invited him inside her house for a cup of tea. Glover declined the tea, but on the return down the laneway to the main street, he passed another old woman, and assaulted her from behind.
The victim this time was 85-year-old widow Margaret Pahud (also on her way home from grocery shopping). The investigating police were certain this was the work of the "granny killer". She was hit on the back of the head with a blunt instrument, and when she collapsed, he struck her again on the side of the head. Glover rearranged her clothing, shoes, and walking stick, took her handbag, and left. Again, nobody saw the attack, but within a few minutes, her body was found by a young schoolgirl, who at first thought the body was a pile of clothing dumped in the laneway. Neighbours again washed down the crime scene before the police arrived. As the police and ambulance were on their way, Glover rummaged through the contents of Pahud's purse on the grounds of a nearby golf club. He headed off to the Mosman RSL Club to spend the $300 he had stolen from Pahud. |
John Wayne Glover | Olive Cleveland | Olive Cleveland
Within 24 hours of the Pahud murder, on 3 November, 81-year-old Olive Cleveland became the fourth woman killed by the now so-called "granny killer". Glover struck up a conversation with Cleveland while she was sitting on a bench just outside the Wesley Gardens Retirement Village, where she lived in the suburb of Belrose. When Cleveland became uncomfortable, she got up and walked to the main building; but Glover seized her from behind and forced her down a ramp into a secluded side lane. There he hit her and repeatedly pushed her head into the concrete before he removed her pantyhose and tied it tightly around her neck. Once again, Glover rearranged her clothing, shoes, and walking stick, then left, taking money ($60) from her handbag. Once again, the old woman's injuries were initially attributed to a heavy fall, and the crime scene was washed down. No eyewitnesses were found. Shortly afterwards, the state government doubled the reward for apprehension of the perpetraator to $200,000. |
John Wayne Glover | Muriel Falconer | Muriel Falconer
On 23 November 1989, Glover was sitting in the Buena Vista Hotel in Middle Head Road, Mosman, when he saw 93-year-old widow Muriel Falconer walking opposite the hotel (returning home with her shopping). Glover returned to his car (parked opposite the police station), to retrieve his hammer and gloves. He followed Falconer to the exterior of her home in Muston Street. He quietly moved up behind her while the partially deaf and blind Falconer opened her front door. He put his hand around her mouth to silence her, before repeatedly hitting her around the head and neck with his hammer. When she fell to the floor, Glover began to remove Falconer's pantyhose. As he did this, she began to regain consciousness and cried for help. This prompted Glover to hit her multiple times with the hammer until she finally passed out. He removed her undergarments and used them to strangle her. He searched her purse and the rest of her house for valuables before leaving with $100, again after rearranging her shoes.
The following afternoon, the body was discovered by a neighbour, who entered using a spare key. The crime scene was left undisturbed and investigators were able to collect forensic evidence, including bloody shoe prints. A neighbour described a suspect as middle-aged, portly, and grey-haired. The reward was increased to $250,000 by Christmas. |
John Wayne Glover | Police investigation | Police investigation
On 11 January 1990, Glover visited the Greenwich Hospital in River Road, Greenwich, on his pie sales round. He was in his work uniform and carried a clipboard, and entered the hospital's palliative care ward, which held four elderly and ill women, including 82-year-old advanced-cancer patient Daisy Roberts. After Glover asked if she was losing any body heat, he pulled up her nightgown and touched her in an indecent manner. Roberts panicked and called for help, upon which a nurse found Glover in the ward. When confronted, Glover ran from the ward; the nurse was able to record his car's registration number, and notified police.
The hospital staff were able to identify and name Glover, as he was known from doing his pie rounds. A week later, the police returned with a photograph of Glover, which both the nurse and Roberts positively identified. Although this was a significant breakthrough, the hospital assaults were not linked to the murders, nor reported to the murder task force for three weeks. Detectives from Chatswood police station contacted and confirmed Glover's name via his employers. Detectives contacted Glover and requested he attend an interview at the station the following day.
When Glover failed to appear, the police rang his home and were informed by his wife that he had attempted suicide by overdose and was recovering at the Royal North Shore Hospital. Police went to the hospital to see Glover, but he declined to be interviewed. He did permit them to take a photograph. Staff at the hospital handed police a suicide note written by Glover. In the middle of the page on Four'N Twenty Pies business paper, were the words "no more grannies ... grannies" and "Essie [Glover's mother-in-law] started it".
Two weeks later, the suicide note and photo were passed on to the task force (now numbering some 70 members), whereupon detectives believed immediately that Glover was the killer, although they had no evidence. The head of the detective task force said,
Glover was interviewed over the nursing-home assaults and denied all accusations. Police had limited evidence and decided not to question him about the murders, which would have revealed to Glover their suspicions. Glover was put under constant police surveillance, including at one stage, with an automatic tracking device. To make sure that he was not being followed, Glover would drive around the block more than once, or drive the wrong way up one-way streets. |
John Wayne Glover | Separation | Separation
Late in 1989, Glover was diagnosed with male breast cancer. He (Glover) separated from his wife, who took their daughters to New Zealand. |
John Wayne Glover | Joan Sinclair | Joan Sinclair
On 19 March 1990, Glover killed his sixth and final victim in Mosman. She was 60-year-old divorcee Joan Sinclair from Beauty Point, with whom Glover had a platonic relationship. By this stage, police had Glover under constant surveillance and watched as Sinclair let Glover into her home around 10:00am. By 1:00pm, no sign of Glover or movement within the house was seen. Police and the surveillance team became concerned around 5:00pm, and got permission to enter the house at 6:00pm. Two uniformed police knocked on the front door (ostensibly to check on barking dogs) to no answer, and when looking through the rear glass door, saw a hammer lying in a pool of dry blood on a mat. Four detectives searched the house and found Sinclair's battered head wrapped in a bundle of blood-soaked towels. She was naked from the waist down and her pantyhose were tied around her neck. Her genitals were damaged, but Glover later denied raping her. After finding Sinclair's body, police searched the house for Glover, who was found unconscious in the filled bathtub.
Glover later told police he had murdered Joan Sinclair and said that they had been having a relationship for some time. He said that he beat her about the head with his hammer, removed her pantyhose, and strangled her with it. Glover rolled the body onto a mat, wrapped four towels around her extensive head wounds to stem the flow of blood, and dragged her body across the room, leaving a trail of blood. He ran the bath, swallowed a handful of Valium with a bottle of Vat 69, slashed his left wrist, and lay in the tub to die. |
John Wayne Glover | Trial | Trial
At the trial, commencing 28 March 1990, Glover pleaded not guilty to his crimes on the grounds of diminished responsibility. A psychiatrist said Glover had built up hostility and aggression against his mother since his childhood. This continued against his mother-in-law, who was said to "trigger" him. When she died, he had to take out his aggression on someone else.
The psychiatrist who studied the case added that Glover's was a very unusual case because few serial killers exist, and most of them are mentally ill, and/or have an organic disease of the brain; Glover was assessed as sane at the time of the murders. Dr. John Shand, a psychiatrist testifying at the trial , said Glover had a severe personality disorder.
The Crown prosecutor maintained that Glover was well aware of his actions. When he killed, he was planning what to do with the victim's stolen money, and took time to clean his hammer with acid to destroy forensic evidence. Glover was impotent and had no interest in sex. Tying the pantyhose so tightly around his victims' necks was to make sure they were dead, while also trying to trick the police into thinking that this was the work of a sexually motivated killer.
Glover was addicted to poker machines. The easiest way for him to get more money for his gambling was to steal. After the guilty verdict was delivered by the jury, Justice Wood stated that he was dealing with an extremely dangerous prisoner: |
John Wayne Glover | "Confession" sketch | "Confession" sketch
Days before Glover killed himself, he handed his last outside visitor a sketch of a park. Glover noted two pine trees in the image. In the middle of the right pine tree, the number "nine" could be seen between leaves and branches. The number nine is said to represent either the total number of murders or the number of unsolved murders committed by Glover.
Unsolved murders that may have been committed by Glover include:
Emmie May Anderson, 78, East Melbourne (19 October 1961)
Irene Kiddle, 61, St Kilda, Victoria (22 March 1963)
Elsie Boyes, 63, Prahran, Victoria (3 June 1967)
Christina Yankos, 63, Albert Park (9 April 1968)
Florence Broadhurst, 78, Paddington, New South Wales (16 October 1977)
Josephine McDonald, 72, Ettalong, New South Wales (29 August 1984)
Wanda Amundsen, 83, Umina, New South Wales (21 November 1986) |
John Wayne Glover | Imprisonment and death | Imprisonment and death
Glover was imprisoned at Lithgow Prison,"Granny Killer takes evil secrets to his grave". The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 13 June 2019. where he was held in a maximum-security prison cell."Granny killer found dead in cell". The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
In May 2005 Glover collapsed in his cell and was placed on suicide watch after telling prison officers "I've had enough – I want to kill myself." He was examined by a mental health review team, and monitored by closed circuit television. He was also given medical examinations as a follow-up to the two cancer surgeries he had undergone the year before."Granny killer found dead in cell". The Age. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
On 10 September 2005, Glover was found dead in his Lithgow maximum security prison cell and pronounced dead at 1:25 pm. The 72-year-old serial killer was confirmed to have hanged himself. |
John Wayne Glover | Media | Media
Glover's serial murders were the focus of three episodes on different crime series: Crime Investigation Australia series-one episode "No More Grannies / The Granny Killer", series-two episode of Forensic Investigators entitled "Granny Killer", and an episode of Under Investigation hosted by Liz Hayes.
Many Beaumont's 2024 novel The Thrill of It was inspired by Glover's crimes. |
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