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Beer hall | Germany | Germany
thumb|A meeting of the Nazi Party at the Bürgerbräukeller beer hall, Munich, circa 1923
Beer halls are a traditional part of Bavarian culture, rooted in the region's rich brewing history, and they feature prominently in Oktoberfest. Originating as large public drinking spaces connected to breweries, they have become iconic symbols of communal festivity and beer culture. Bosch notes that the beer halls of Oktoberfest, known in German as Festzelte (festival tents), are more accurately referred to as "beer tents", as they are temporary structures built in the open air. Across Munich, the various Festzelte at Oktoberfest can accommodate over 100,000 people collectively.
Bavaria's capital Munich is the city most associated with beer halls; almost every brewery in Munich operates a beer hall. The largest beer hall, the 5,000-seat Mathäser, near the Munich central station, has been converted into a movie theater.
The Bürgerbräukeller in Munich lent its name to the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempted Nazi coup led by Adolf Hitler. |
Beer hall | United States | United States
thumb|300px|German Winter Garden, New York, 1856
American beer halls became popular in the mid-19th century, following a wave of immigration from Germany to the United States. They became an alternative to the American-style tavern.
St. Louis, Missouri is home to a number of beer halls, some of which seat several hundred persons. Hofbräuhaus has eight franchised beer halls in the United States.
The Loerzel Beer Hall was built around 1873 in Saugerties, Ulster County, New York, and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is currently an apartment building.
German brewers who immigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin built "hundreds of distinctive taverns and beer halls", and also built and established large outdoor beer gardens. |
Beer hall | See also | See also
Beer Hall Boycott – a female-led national campaign in South Africa of boycotting municipal beer halls
Brewpub
Hofbräuhaus
List of public house topics
Rathskeller
|
Beer hall | Notes | Notes |
Beer hall | References | References |
Beer hall | External links | External links
Category:Types of drinking establishment
Category:German beer culture |
Beer hall | Table of Content | Short description, Germany, United States, See also, Notes, References, External links |
Mean anomaly | Short description | thumb|upright=1.2|Area swept out per unit time by an object in an elliptical orbit, and by an imaginary object in a circular orbit (with the same orbital period). Both sweep out equal areas in equal times, but the angular rate of sweep varies for the elliptical orbit and is constant for the circular orbit. Shown are mean anomaly and true anomaly for two units of time. (Note that for visual simplicity, a non-overlapping circular orbit is diagrammed, thus this circular orbit with same orbital period is not shown in true scale with this elliptical orbit: for scale to be true for the two orbits of equal period, these orbits must intersect.)|alt=
In celestial mechanics, the mean anomaly is the fraction of an elliptical orbit's period that has elapsed since the orbiting body passed periapsis, expressed as an angle which can be used in calculating the position of that body in the classical two-body problem. It is the angular distance from the pericenter which a fictitious body would have if it moved in a circular orbit, with constant speed, in the same orbital period as the actual body in its elliptical orbit. |
Mean anomaly | Definition | Definition
Define as the time required for a particular body to complete one orbit. In time , the radius vector sweeps out 2 radians, or 360°. The average rate of sweep, , is then
which is called the mean angular motion of the body, with dimensions of radians per unit time or degrees per unit time.
Define as the time at which the body is at the pericenter. From the above definitions, a new quantity, , the mean anomaly can be defined
which gives an angular distance from the pericenter at arbitrary time with dimensions of radians or degrees.
Because the rate of increase, , is a constant average, the mean anomaly increases uniformly (linearly) from 0 to 2 radians or 0° to 360° during each orbit. It is equal to 0 when the body is at the pericenter, radians (180°) at the apocenter, and 2 radians (360°) after one complete revolution.Meeus (1991), p. 183 If the mean anomaly is known at any given instant, it can be calculated at any later (or prior) instant by simply adding (or subtracting) where represents the small time difference.
Mean anomaly does not measure an angle between any physical objects (except at pericenter or apocenter, or for a circular orbit). It is simply a convenient uniform measure of how far around its orbit a body has progressed since pericenter. The mean anomaly is one of three angular parameters (known historically as "anomalies") that define a position along an orbit, the other two being the eccentric anomaly and the true anomaly. |
Mean anomaly | Mean anomaly at epoch | Mean anomaly at epoch
The mean anomaly at epoch, , is defined as the instantaneous mean anomaly at a given epoch, . This value is sometimes provided with other orbital elements to enable calculations of the object's past and future positions along the orbit. The epoch for which is defined is often determined by convention in a given field or discipline. For example, planetary ephemerides often define for the epoch J2000, while for earth orbiting objects described by a two-line element set the epoch is specified as a date in the first line. |
Mean anomaly | Formulae | Formulae
The mean anomaly can be computed from the eccentric anomaly and the eccentricity with Kepler's equation:
Mean anomaly is also frequently seen as
where is the mean anomaly at the epoch , which may or may not coincide with , the time of pericenter passage. The classical method of finding the position of an object in an elliptical orbit from a set of orbital elements is to calculate the mean anomaly by this equation, and then to solve Kepler's equation for the eccentric anomaly.
Define as the longitude of the pericenter, the angular distance of the pericenter from a reference direction. Define as the mean longitude, the angular distance of the body from the same reference direction, assuming it moves with uniform angular motion as with the mean anomaly. Thus mean anomaly is alsoSmart (1977), p. 122
Mean angular motion can also be expressed,
where is the gravitational parameter, which varies with the masses of the objects, and is the semi-major axis of the orbit. Mean anomaly can then be expanded,
and here mean anomaly represents uniform angular motion on a circle of radius .
Mean anomaly can be calculated from the eccentricity and the true anomaly by finding the eccentric anomaly and then using Kepler's equation. This gives, in radians:
where atan2(y, x) is the angle from the x-axis of the ray from (0, 0) to (x, y), having the same sign as y.
For parabolic and hyperbolic trajectories the mean anomaly is not defined, because they don't have a period. But in those cases, as with elliptical orbits, the area swept out by a chord between the attractor and the object following the trajectory increases linearly with time. For the hyperbolic case, there is a formula similar to the above giving the elapsed time as a function of the angle (the true anomaly in the elliptic case), as explained in the article Kepler orbit. For the parabolic case there is a different formula, the limiting case for either the elliptic or the hyperbolic case as the distance between the foci goes to infinity – see Parabolic trajectory#Barker's equation.
Mean anomaly can also be expressed as a series expansion:
with
A similar formula gives the true anomaly directly in terms of the mean anomaly:
A general formulation of the above equation can be written as the equation of the center: |
Mean anomaly | See also | See also
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Mean longitude
Mean motion
Orbital elements |
Mean anomaly | References | References |
Mean anomaly | External links | External links
Glossary entry anomaly, mean at the US Naval Observatory's Astronomical Almanac Online
Category:Orbits |
Mean anomaly | Table of Content | Short description, Definition, Mean anomaly at epoch, Formulae, See also, References, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Qwikylynx | non-notable Internet company, however nasty they may be. | non-notable Internet company, however nasty they may be. 13 google hits Dunc_Harris|☺ 21:34, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Delete. It reads like a joke. Alas, it's not very funny. -- Bobdoe 21:41, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Delete, although it might be worth mentioning this in the spyware article. Geogre 22:05, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Delete - can anyone verifiy the actually exist? -- Cyrius|✎ 03:50, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Delete unless verifiable. anthony (see warning) 20:34, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Qwikylynx | Table of Content | non-notable Internet company, however nasty they may be. |
Carnaxide | Infobox Portuguese subdivision
| Carnaxide () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Carnaxide e Queijas. The population in 2011 was 25,911,Instituto Nacional de Estatística in an area of 6.51 km2.Eurostat It was elevated to town on August 16, 1991. Having first appeared in official documentation in the 14th century, its existence goes back as far as 13th century. |
Carnaxide | Economy | Economy
Its principal economic activities reside in the presence of large international companies like EFACEC, Sumol + Compal (former Sumol), and Mota-Engil, and in the strong reliance on the small commerce. Also localized there are Sociedade Independente de Comunicação (SIC) television station and the business parks Parque Suécia, NeoPark and Parque Holanda. |
Carnaxide | References | References |
Carnaxide | External links | External links
Junta de Freguesia de Carnaxide - Official page of the town
CarnaxideDigital - Local site with information about this village (in Portuguese)
Lei 17-P/1993 - Portuguese law diploma, declaring the new town limits for Carnaxide
Category:Former parishes of Oeiras, Portugal
Category:Carnaxide e Queijas |
Carnaxide | Table of Content | Infobox Portuguese subdivision
, Economy, References, External links |
HOPE | # | redirect Hope (disambiguation) |
HOPE | Table of Content | # |
Assay office | Short description | Assay offices are institutions set up to assay (test the purity of) precious metals. This is often done to protect consumers from buying fake items. Upon successful completion of an assay (i.e. if the metallurgical content is found be equal or better than that claimed by the maker and it otherwise conforms to the prevailing law) the assay offices typically stamp a hallmark on the item to certify its metallurgical content. Hallmarking first appeared in France, with the Goldsmiths' Statute of 1260 promulgated under Étienne Boileau, Provost of Paris, for King Louis IX. |
Assay office | US assay offices | US assay offices
Title 15, Chapter 8, Section 291 of the United States Code makes it unlawful to stamp goods in the United States with "United States assay" or any similar stamp which gives the impression that the item has been officially assayed by the United States government. |
Assay office | General overview and function of U.S. assay offices | General overview and function of U.S. assay offices
Assay offices did and do exist in the U.S., but they are affiliated with the government's coinage mints and serve only the government's purposes in that field. They are not involved in hallmarking, as there has never been a hallmarking scheme in the U.S.
In the 1800s, the functions of assay offices in the U.S. included receiving bullion deposits from the public and from mining prospectors in the various American territories. The assay offices that still operate today function solely within national coining system (including bullion coinage for sales to investors). |
Assay office | US assay offices, current | US assay offices, current
Current U.S. assay offices include the following:
The Philadelphia Mint – 1792 to date
The Denver Mint – 1862 to date. It served as an assay office until 1906, when coinage operations began.
The San Francisco Mint – 1852 to date. Coinage operations were suspended in March 1955, but the plant continued to operate as an assay office. In 1962, its official designation was changed from mint to assay office. Coinage operations were again authorized in 1965.
The West Point, New York Bullion Depository – 1938 to date. It is operated as an adjunct of the New York Assay Office. |
Assay office | US assay offices, historical | US assay offices, historical
The Charlotte, North Carolina Mint – 1835 to 1861. After the Civil War, the plant was reopened in 1868 as an assay office until 1913, when it was ultimately closed.
The New Orleans, Louisiana Mint – 1835 to 1942. Coinage operations were conducted here from 1838, but were suspended from 1861 until 1879; assay functions were performed from 1876. Coinage resumed in 1879 and continued until 1909. The facility operated as an assay office from 1909 until 1942, when it was closed.
The U.S. Assay Office, St. Louis, Missouri – 1881 to 1911
The U.S. Assay Office, Helena, Montana – 1874 to 1933
The U.S. Assay Office, Salt Lake City, Utah – 1909 to 1933
The U.S. Assay Office, Deadwood, South Dakota – 1898 to 1927
The U.S. Assay Office, Boise, Idaho – 1869 to 1933
The U.S. Assay Office, New York, New York – 1854 to 1982
The U.S. Assay Office, Seattle, Washington – 1898 to 1955 |
Assay office | UK assay offices | UK assay offices |
Assay office | General overview and function of UK assay offices | General overview and function of UK assay offices
In the United Kingdom, the Hallmarking Act 1973 (c. 43) makes it an offence to describe as platinum, gold or silver an item which is not hallmarked as appropriate or exempt from hallmarking. In July 2009, following a proposal by the British Hallmarking Council, an amendment to the Act also brought palladium under the hallmarking regime.
The first UK assay office was Goldsmiths' Hall, founded around 1300, and where the term "hallmarking" originates, meaning "marked in Goldsmiths' Hall". Since then, there have been ten assay offices in the UK.
There are four remaining assay offices in the UK: |
Assay office | Current assay offices | Current assay offices
London Assay Office
Sheffield Assay Office
Birmingham Assay Office
Edinburgh Assay Office |
Assay office | Historic assay offices | Historic assay offices
Chester (closed 24 August 1962)
Dublin (1801-1922 part of UK system – see Dublin Assay Office)
Exeter (closed 1883)
Glasgow (closed 31 March 1964)
Newcastle (closed 1884)
Norwich (closed 1702)
York (closed 1857) |
Assay office | Irish assay office | Irish assay office
There is one assay office, the Dublin Assay Office. |
Assay office | Dutch (Netherlands) assay office | Dutch (Netherlands) assay office |
Assay office | General overview and function of the Dutch assay office | General overview and function of the Dutch assay office
The Dutch (the Netherlands), who are members of the International Hallmarking Convention, have been striking hallmarks since at least 1814, and boast a 600-year history of hallmarking in Dutch territories. Like many other nations, the Dutch require the registration and use of Responsibility Marks since 1797. The Dutch also use a date letter code.
After the French defeat at Leipzig 1813 the Kingdom of the Netherlands was established. William VI, prince of Orange (known in Dutch as Willem Frederik), was proclaimed the sovereign. On March 15, 1815, with the support of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna, William proclaimed himself King William I of the Netherlands. He was also made grand duke of Luxembourg. The two countries remained separate despite sharing a common monarch. For our purposes, he retained much of the French legislation, including the precious metal guarantee law of November 9, 1787. On December 26, 1813, the precious metal laws were however, modified and the French hallmarks, the Gaul cockerels were replaced with Dutch lions. The existing guarantee offices were reopened after re-staffing and the production of the new hallmark dies. Willem abdicated in 1840. As of January 1, 1853, the out-of-date French guarantee law was replaced by a new Dutch law. This law of September 18, 1852, in a modified form (last modified in 1986 as the "Dutch Assay Law of 1986") is in still effective. As a result of the Benelux treaty the guarantee tax was abolished in 1953. At the same time gold and silver fineness standards were adapted to conform to international standards. Also the assaying of platinum was introduced in 1953.
In 1987, the assay system was privatized and since 1988 has been located in only an office at Gouda. The system is overseen by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs which appointed Edelmetaal Waarborg Nederland B.V. as of March 11, 2002. In 1999, the Netherlands ratified the Vienna Convention on the Control of the Fineness and the Hallmarking of Precious Metal Objects.
Dutch hallmarks are recognized in Austria, France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom without further testing and have also been recognized in Belgium, Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which have voluntary hallmarking systems. All jewelry produced in the Netherlands or imported for the Dutch market must carry hallmarks. |
Assay office | Current assay office | Current assay office
There are two Dutch assay offices located in the city of Gouda and Joure. The Dutch recognize platinum, gold, silver and palladium as precious metals. |
Assay office | Historic Netherlands assay offices (up to 1988) | Historic Netherlands assay offices (up to 1988)
Amsterdam
The Hague
Groningen
Zwolle
Breda
Middleburg
Maastricht
Alkmaar
Utrecht
Rotterdam
Leeuwarden
Arnhem
Den Bosch
Schoonhoven
Roermond
Roosendaal
Joure |
Assay office | Swiss assay offices | Swiss assay offices |
Assay office | General overview and function of Swiss assay offices | General overview and function of Swiss assay offices
Only precious metal watch cases must be hallmarked in Switzerland. Swiss hallmarking for other articles such as jewelry and cutlery is optional. In addition to the Swiss hallmark, all precious metal goods may be stamped with the Common Control Mark of the Vienna Convention. Switzerland recognizes platinum, gold, silver and palladium as precious metals which may be hallmarked and thus are subject to assay. |
Assay office | [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613214744/http://www.ezv.admin.ch/kontakt/01915/index.html?lang=fr Current Swiss assay offices] | Current Swiss assay offices
Basel/Bâle
Berne Central Bureau
La Chaux-de-Fonds
Chiasso
Geneva (2 offices)
Le Noirmont
Schaffhausen
Zürich(2 offices) |
Assay office | [http://poincon.blogspot.com/2006/10/branch-assayers-marks-by-years.html Historic Swiss assay offices] | Historic Swiss assay offices
Buchs
Delémont
Fleurier
Granges/Grenchen
St. Imier
Le Locle
Lausanne
Madretsch
Neuchâtel
Porrentruy
Romanshorn
Tramelan |
Assay office | Austrian assay office | Austrian assay office
There is one assay office at Vienna. |
Assay office | Cyprian assay office | Cyprian assay office
There is one assay office at Aradippou.
The Law governing the marking of precious metal articles has been ratified by the House of Representatives in 1991, creating a new semi-Governmental Organisation, the Cyprus Organisation for the Hallmarking of precious metals. The Cyprus Assay Office (CAO) is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism.
The Cyprus Hallmark consists of three compulsory symbols: 1. The manufacturer's mark - Consists of the initials of the manufacturer of the article surrounded by a small shield; 2. The fineness mark - The purity of the metal, in parts per thousand; 3. The official mark - the Head of Aphrodite until December 2001 and a ship as from January 2002 denotes that the article is made of gold, and the fish that the article is made of silver. The manufacturer's mark must be struck on the articles by the manufacturer before it is submitted to the Assay Office for hallmarking. The manufacturer may make arrangements for the manufacture's mark to be struck by the Assay Office upon submission of the article to be struck with the approved hallmarks.
The manufacturer's mark which is registered under the relevant section of the law shall include the initial letters of the name or names of the manufacturer and shall be of such design as may be approved by the Assay Office. The standards of fineness of gold and silver articles that are hallmarked are for gold: 375, 585, 750 and 916 parts per thousand; for silver: 800, 830 and 925 parts per thousand; no negative tolerance is permitted on the above standards of fineness. |
Assay office | The assay office of the Czech Republic | The assay office of the Czech Republic
There is one assay office in Praha.
Assay Office was established by the Czech National Council Law No. 19/1993 Coll., concerning
the Administration Authorities of the Czech Republic in the Field of Hallmarking and Precious Metal Testing, from which the Assay Office competences and duties are resulting. The provision of the financing is included in the Law about Hallmarking and Precious Metal Testing (Hallmarking Act), No. 539/1992 Coll., and in the procedural Decree of the Federal Ministry of Economy (FME), No. 540/1992 Coll., according to which the Hallmarking Act is implemented. |
Assay office | Danish assay office | Danish assay office
There is one assay office at Brondby. |
Assay office | Finnish assay office | Finnish assay office
There is one assay office at Espoo.
The assay office is privatized and the concession was awarded to Inspecta Corporation is an independent, international qualification requirements fulfilling inspection, testing, measurement and certification services provider. |
Assay office | Hungarian assay office | Hungarian assay office
There is one assay office at Budapest. |
Assay office | Latvian assay office | Latvian assay office
There is one assay office at Riga. |
Assay office | Lithuanian assay office | Lithuanian assay office
There is one assay office at Druskininkai. |
Assay office | Norwegian assay office | Norwegian assay office
Norwegian Assay Office is part of Justervesenet, located at Kjeller, just outside Oslo |
Assay office | Polish assay offices | Polish assay offices
There are ten assay offices at:
Białystok
Bydgoszcz
Cracow
Chorzów
Częstochowa
Gdańsk
Łódź
Poznań
Warsaw
Wrocław
Polish Assay Offices test and mark precious metal alloy articles (gold, silver and platinum group metals). They also supervise compliance with Hallmarking Law at processing plants and precious metal alloy sales points. All Assay Offices must report to the Central Office of Measures. |
Assay office | Portuguese assay offices | Portuguese assay offices
There are two assay offices at
Lisboa
Porto |
Assay office | Slovak assay offices | Slovak assay offices
There is one Assay Office with four Branches at:
Bratislava
Kosice
Levice
Trencin |
Assay office | Swedish assay office | Swedish assay office
The Swedish assay office, the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, is in Borås. The assay office is privatized and the concession, given to the Inspecta Corporation, is an independent, international qualification requirements fulfilling inspection, testing, measurement and certification services provider. Inspecta is accredited by SWEDAC. |
Assay office | Bahrain assay office | Bahrain assay office
The Directorate of Precious Metals & Gemstone Testing is one of fourteen directorates forming the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism. The directorate itself is composed of two sections that deal with assaying and gemmology and the three main functions of the directorate as a whole are:
1. Serving the trade and public with their gemmological and assaying needs.
2. Overseeing the local jewellery sector to ensure that traders adhere to national and international laws and nomenclature.
3. Protecting consumers and the trade from fraud within the market place.
The two sections of the Directorate deal with all aspects of gemmology and precious metal assaying and have existed for over a decade. The Assay Office was established in 1979 via Amiri Decree No.19 and the Gem & Pearl Testing Laboratory followed in 1990 via Amiri Decree No. 10.
Both sections were amongst the first to be established in the Middle East and since their establishment they have developed a positive reputation within the Middle East and beyond. |
Assay office | Japanese assay office | Japanese assay office
Japan has one assay office, situated at the Saitama branch of Japan Mint in Saitama Prefecture. Japan Mint has assayed and hallmarked from 1929, and the Saitama branch moved from Tokyo in 2016. Japanese hallmarking is optional. Gold, silver and platinum are subject to assay. The articles combined with the golden parts and the platinum parts are hallmarked with special marks. |
Assay office | See also | See also
Hallmark
Silver hallmarks |
Assay office | References | References |
Assay office | External links | External links
The Goldsmiths' Company London Assay Office
Swiss federal customs administration (Fr.)
Vienna Hallmarking Convention Signatories’ Assay Offices
Irish Assay Office website
Assay Office Birmingham
International Association of Assay Offices (IAAO) ("Copyright") 2017, retrieved 2019-10-29 - list of members plus Palestine as observer, including numerous seals
Category:Analytical chemistry
Category:Coins
Category:Watches
Category:Jewellery
Category:Product-testing organizations |
Assay office | Table of Content | Short description, US assay offices, General overview and function of U.S. assay offices, US assay offices, current, US assay offices, historical, UK assay offices, General overview and function of UK assay offices, Current assay offices, Historic assay offices, Irish assay office, Dutch (Netherlands) assay office, General overview and function of the Dutch assay office, Current assay office, Historic Netherlands assay offices (up to 1988), Swiss assay offices, General overview and function of Swiss assay offices, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613214744/http://www.ezv.admin.ch/kontakt/01915/index.html?lang=fr Current Swiss assay offices], [http://poincon.blogspot.com/2006/10/branch-assayers-marks-by-years.html Historic Swiss assay offices], Austrian assay office, Cyprian assay office, The assay office of the Czech Republic, Danish assay office, Finnish assay office, Hungarian assay office, Latvian assay office, Lithuanian assay office, Norwegian assay office, Polish assay offices, Portuguese assay offices, Slovak assay offices, Swedish assay office, Bahrain assay office, Japanese assay office, See also, References, External links |
Colne | Short description | Colne (Longman Pronunciation Dictionary s.v.) is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. The town is northeast of Nelson, northeast of Burnley and east of Preston.
The town should not be confused with the unrelated Colne Valley around the River Colne near Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
Colne is close to the southern entrance to the Aire Gap, the lowest crossing of the Pennine watershed. The M65 terminates west of the town and from here two main roads take traffic onwards towards the Yorkshire towns of Skipton (A56) and Keighley (A6068). Colne railway station is the terminus of the East Lancashire railway line.
Colne adjoins the Pendle parishes of Foulridge, Laneshaw Bridge, Trawden Forest, Nelson, Barrowford and Blacko. |
Colne | History | History
Settlement in the area can be traced back to the Stone Age. A Mesolithic camp site, a Bronze Age burial site and stone tools from the Bronze and Stone Ages have been discovered at nearby Trawden. There are also the remains of an Iron Age fort, dating from the 6th century BC, above Colne at Castercliff.
Although a Roman road passes through nearby Barnoldswick, and some Roman coins have been discovered, there is no conclusive evidence of the Romans having occupied the area. There is, however, some debate among local historians as to whether the Romans may have stayed at Castercliff.
From the early 6th century to the late 10th century, Colne came under Northumbrian and then Viking rule, finally coming firmly under Norman control in the 11th century. Then, from the 1090s until 1311, the area was controlled by the de Lacys of Pontefract from their outpost at Clitheroe Castle. Pendle Forest and Trawden Forest date from this period; forests in those times being hunting grounds for royals and other nobles. St Bartholomew's Church dates from before 1122 when the town's market was located in the churchyard. The churchyard used to house the market cross and wooden stocks on wheels and people were placed in these on market days. The stocks are now located in the nearby library. The market cross is in Market Street.
The town developed in two parts: Colne, on top of the ridge; and Waterside, at the base of the southern slope, next to Colne Water. By 1296, a corn mill and a fulling mill had been established down by the river. By the 15th century, Colne had become the main market town in the area with markets (latterly held on Tuesdays) and a major centre for the woollen trade, in particular for the production of lightweight kersey. With the Industrial Revolution, cotton manufacturing became the main industry in the town, fuelled by the completion of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816, and by the arrival of the railway in 1848.
The cross allows a market to be held there and dates back to the 15th century. The market cross was originally at the junction of Colne Lane and Church Street. It was first moved to the grounds of The Gables on Albert Road, the location of Colne Library until around 1970. It has now been relocated to outside the Market Hall on Market Street, part of the main road through the town centre.
The rise of Chartism saw riots here over the imposition of the 'new' police force in April and August 1840. John Halstead, a special constable, was killed by a mob armed with sharpened iron rails during the second. In both cases troops marched from Burnley Barracks and the violence ceased with their arrival.
Colne is on the edge of the Burnley Coalfield and coal was being mined at Fox Clough, to south of the town, from the early 17th century. Fox Clough Colliery also known as Engine Pit, was started by the Executors of John Hargreaves company, probably around 1832. By the 1840s a surface drift was located at the foot of the clough, on the south side of Colne Water, and a tramroad crossed the river connecting the colliery to a coal yard in the town. It seems the coal here was not of a high quality, as during the winter of 1860 a local newspaper reported that the frozen canal and diversion of railway wagons had forced the inhabitants of Colne, to resort to town's coal pit. Fox Clough Colliery was abandoned in 1872, but Trawden Colliery (1874 - 1890), located about 200 metres up the valley, continued production from the same workings. The tramroad was marked as disused in 1893. By 1891 there were 30 cotton mills listed in Colne with more in the surrounding areas of Trawden and Laneshaw Bridge. The largest had 2,400 looms and the smallest 56. |
Colne | Governance | Governance
thumb|Colne Town Hall
Colne was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley which became a civil parish in 1866. A local board was formed in 1875, the district including part of Great Marsden, on the south side of Colne Water between Fox Clough and Swinden Clough. This area was made an urban district in 1894 and designated a Municipal Borough in 1895. In 1935 the borough absorbed an area to the east around Barnside, historically a detached part of Foulridge.
In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, Colne became part of the Borough of Pendle. Initially Colne formed part of an unparished area, in 1992 a new civil parish of Laneshaw Bridge was created from what had been the eastern side of the municipal borough. A new Colne civil parish was formed in 2008. A town council was re-established at that time; it meets in Colne Town Hall, which was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and opened in 1894.
After boundary changes in 2020 which reduced the number of wards in the borough to 12, three cover parts of Colne parish – Boulsworth & Foulridge, Waterside & Horsfield, and Vivary Bridge. The town is represented on Lancashire County Council in two divisions: Pendle Central and Pendle Rural.
The Member of Parliament for Pendle and Clitheroe, the constituency into which the town falls, is Jonathan Hinder (Labour), who was first elected in 2024. |
Colne | Demographics | Demographics
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 2001 2011 Population 23,000 25,689 24,752 23,791 21,501 20,670 19,430 20,118 17,855UD (pre-1974) UA (2001) CP (2011 onwards)
The town's population declined during the 20th century, as was the case in many Lancashire mill towns, from 26,000 in 1911 to just 19,000 in 1961.
The United Kingdom Census 2011 showed a total resident population for Colne civil parish of 17,855. The town forms part of a wider urban area, which had a population of 149,796 in 2001. A similar but larger, Burnley Built-up area defined in the 2011 census had a population of 149,422.
The racial composition of the town in 2011 was 95.8% White (93.9% White British), 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Black, 0.9% Mixed and 0.1% Other. The largest religious groups were Christian (58.5%) and Muslim (2.5%). 68.5% of adults between the ages of 16 and 74 were classed as economically active and in work. |
Colne | Economy | Economy
thumb|right|A typical weaving shed at Queen Street Mill Textile Museum, Burnley
Colne's former cotton industry has all but disappeared. Many of the textile weaving mills that used to punctuate the landscape have been demolished to make way for new retail outlets and modern housing. Others lie semi-derelict, but the best examples continue to provide jobs for local residents by accommodating new manufacturing and service businesses. Strong growth has been experienced in precision engineering, particularly associated with the aerospace sector, as Rolls-Royce Aerospace operates a large wide chord fan-blade manufacturing facility in nearby Barnoldswick.
The town's main employment area is located at Whitewalls, which sits astride the boundary with Nelson adjacent to Junction 14 on the M65 motorway. To help stimulate development an undeveloped 5 hectare area of the estate was designated as part of the East Lancashire Enterprise Zone in December 1983 making it, at that time, the smallest Enterprise Zone in the country. This successful estate now extends to over 27 hectares and is home to a wide range businesses including a large abattoir. Walshaw House, the headquarters of the East Lancashire Primary Care Trust, which occupies a recent extension to the estate, reflects recent growth in the service sector.
The adjacent retail park contains a large ASDA supermarket and stores for Next and DFS. Boundary Mill Stores, one of the first factory outlets in the UK, was established here in 1983, but in 2008 it moved into purpose built premises closer to the end of the M65 motorway. In 2013, it is the borough's largest employer, and has stores in Grantham, Newcastle, Walsall and Rotherham.
Another local success story was Lyon's Tours, whose headquarters were off Albert Road, close to the town centre. A family-run business, in the 1950s it became one of the first UK tour operators to offer overseas holidays to its customers. The company became part of Airtours when David Crossland purchased a series of small travel agencies across Lancashire in 1972, which in turn merged with the Thomas Cook Group in June 2007. |
Colne | Landmarks | Landmarks
thumb|Entrance to Colne Cemetery
Situated on the edge of the Pennines, Colne has views of several well-known hills. Boulsworth Hill, which lies on the boundary between Lancashire and West Yorkshire overlooks the town from the south. From the summit of Noyna Hill to the north, close to the village of Foulridge, it is possible to look out across much of East Lancashire and into the Yorkshire Dales. Blacko Tower (Stansfield Tower) is clearly visible to the north west, across White Moor, which forms the long eastern slope of Weets Hill.
The hamlet of Wycoller, off the road to Haworth, is the focus for the Country Park of the same name. Although traffic free (visitors must park outside the village), the peace and tranquility is often broken in the summer months as tourists are drawn to the visitor centre alongside the ruined hall. From here a network of footpaths and bridleways pass through the ford or cross Wycoller Beck on a series of ancient bridges, up to 1,000 years old. A series of circular walks traverse the lower slopes of Boulsworth Hill, whilst the long distance Bronte Way passes through en route to Haworth.
Colne is approximately 5 miles east of Pendle Hill, arguably the most well-known local landmark. Owing to its association with the Pendle witches, many local people walk up the hill, but particularly at Halloween. Several nearby farmhouses are reputed to be haunted, and have featured on the TV programmes Most Haunted and Most Haunted Live!
thumb|right|180px|Memorial to Wallace Hartley in Albert Road
The town is also known for Wallace Hartley, bandmaster on the RMS Titanic, to whom a memorial was erected, on Albert Road, in 1915. Wallace lived in Colne and is buried in the local cemetery. |
Colne | Transport | Transport
Colne is connected to the national railway network. Colne railway station is mile (1 km) west of the town centre. It forms the eastern terminus of the East Lancashire Line, which runs to Nelson, Brierfield, Burnley and on to Preston and Blackpool. The line beyond Colne, formerly part of the Midland Railway, was closed by British Rail in 1970, but since 2001 the Skipton–East Lancashire Rail Action Partnership (SELRAP) has petitioned for the reopening up of the line between Colne and Skipton, as yet without success.
The local bus company, Burnley & Pendle, was part-owned until 1996 by the two borough councils. There are buses every few minutes during the daytime on the 'Main Line' service between Burnley bus station and Colne town centre. Most of these then fork in various directions at each end, and continue to Padiham, Clitheroe or Accrington from Burnley, and to Earby, Barnoldswick, Trawden or Keighley from Colne. Until 2005 the town had a direct bus service to Manchester in the shape of route X43, but this was withdrawn following low usage, with the frequency along the Main Line routes improved to compensate. They also operate an hourly service between Skipton and Burnley via Colne.
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes to the north-west of Colne. Beyond Barrowford Locks, barges enter the summit level and then the Foulridge Tunnel. Close to the western portal, water from three reservoirs built between 1793 and 1866 feed the summit level. |
Colne | Education | Education |
Colne | Colne Grammar School | Colne Grammar School
Colne Grammar School was a focus for education from the Middle Ages and had John Tillotson an Archbishop of Canterbury (1691–1694) amongst its alumni. Construction of the 'new school' on Barrowford Road was completed 1941. It finally closed in the late 20th century when Nelson and Colne College, which then occupied the building, consolidated its operations on a site in nearby Barrowford. The red brick building, was converted to apartments in 2009 and now forms the centrepiece of an executive housing development known as The Locks. |
Colne | Pre-schools | Pre-schools
There are several pre-schools in the area which are spread across the town. |
Colne | Primary schools | Primary schools
There are several primary schools in the Colne area, one of which is a Catholic school. The schools in the town are:
Colne Lord Street Primary School
West Street Community Primary School
Sacred Heart Catholic school
Colne Primet Primary School
Colne Park Primary School
Colne Christ Church Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School
Schools in the immediate area include:
Foulridge St Michael and All Angels CofE Voluntary Aided Primary School
Trawden Forest Primary School
Laneshaw Bridge Primary School
For details of more schools around Colne see Foulridge, Trawden, Nelson, Laneshaw Bridge and Brierfield. |
Colne | High schools | High schools
There are also three high schools in Colne: Colne Primet Academy, Park High School and Ss John Fisher and Thomas More RC High School. |
Colne | Colleges and further education | Colleges and further education
Nelson and Colne College is the main provider of post-16 education in the area – there is no grammar school or continuing sixth form centre, the nearest being in Burnley and Skipton. Nelson and Colne College offers AS-level and A-level qualifications, as well as BTEC, City and Guilds, Open College of the North West and some professional qualifications. The college also has tie-ins with some higher education institutions. |
Colne | Religion | Religion
thumb|240px|St Bartholomew's Church
St Bartholomew's Church, on Church Street, dates from before 1122 when the town's market was located in the churchyard. In 1988 the church was designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage. The Grade I listing is for buildings "of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important".
Other churches and former churches in the town include the Church of England Christ Church (founded 1836), Holy Trinity Church and St. Bartholomew's Church; Mount Zion United Methodist Church and St John's Methodist Church; Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church; the Salvation Army Hall on Market Place (now a Citizens Advice Bureau); and Trinity Baptist Church. Bethel Independent Methodist Church, dating from 1871, was the church of RMS Titanic's bandmaster Wallace Hartley.
Church records exist for no fewer than thirty-four different places of worship and nine cemeteries. |
Colne | Sports and leisure | Sports and leisure
Colne F.C., established in 1996, is the town's football team; it currently plays in the North West Counties Football League Premier Division. Their predecessor at Holt House Stadium Colne Dynamoes F.C. received heavy investment from a local entrepreneur in the 1980s, but after winning the Northern Premier League crown in 1989/90 were refused entry to the Football Conference and folded before the start of the following season. Burnley F.C., which plays in the Premier League enjoys strong support in the town. The town also has a junior football club, Colne JFC, which runs teams for 8- to 16-year-olds, as well as a senior team.
Colne & Nelson Rugby Union Football Club play at Holt House Playing Fields and the club celebrated its centenary in 2015. It runs two senior teams a Ladies' team and a massive Junior and Mini Colts section.
Colne Cricket Club was formed in 1830 and is the oldest cricket club in the Lancashire League. It has been a continuous member of the Lancashire League since 1890. The first games were played on the Horsfield, the same field that is used today.
Pendle Leisure Trust runs the Pendle Leisure Centre next to the railway station. The facility has two swimming pools, a fitness centre and gymnasium, sauna and sports hall. In summer 2013, the outdoor all-weather pitch was replaced by Urban Altitude. This outdoor aerial assault course is the first of its kind to be built in the UK in an urban location. It includes high and low rope courses, up to 42 ft off the ground, a 60m Zip-Wire, Leap of Faith, Power Fan Free-fall, Jacobs Ladder and Climbing Wall.
The nine-hole Colne Golf Club is located at Law Farm, to the north east of the town.
There are two large local parks: King George V Playing Fields on Skipton Road (A56) and Alkincoats Park, off the road between Colne and Barrowford (B6247). Alkincoats Park, once the estate of Alkincoats Hall, has bowling greens, hard surface tennis courts, pitch and put golf, a children's play area and footpaths that lead to areas close to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the now-dismantled Colne to Skipton railway line. The towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the trackbed of the dismantled Colne to Skipton railway are also popular leisure destinations, as is Ballgrove Picnic Area at the eastern edge of Colne, close to Laneshaw Bridge. It is possible to walk from here to historic Wycoller.
thumb|right|250px|Municipal Hall
There is an active sailing club at Lake Burwain one of the feeder lakes to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
Since 2004, Colne has hosted the annual Colne Grand Prix cycle race, part of British Cycling's Elite Circuit Series. The course follows an 800-metre circuit of the one-way road system around the town centre. In 2013, Olympic Gold medallist Ed Clancy MBE, representing Rapha Condor JLT, became the first repeat winner of the race.
Ralph, the father of the late Roger Bannister the first sub-four-minute miler in 1954, was born in Colne, the family having lived here for 400 years. "Roger Bannister and the Four-minute Mile by John Bale"
Every August bank holiday since 1989, the award-winning Great British Rhythm and Blues Festival has been hosted at venues throughout the town, attracting artists and visitors from across the world. Many local pubs and clubs stage music gigs; others hold 'fringe' type performances. The larger events are staged at the Municipal Hall close to the town centre.
A second festival, the Colne Gala, has been held on every year (except two) for the past five decades; the first Gala being held in 1959. It begins with a parade through the town centre, which then proceeds towards Alkincoats Park and Holt House, where there are live events, a fairground, charity stalls and children's attractions.
Colne also has a buoyant night-time economy, with a number of restaurants in the vicinity of its three theatres: the amateur-run Pendle Hippodrome Theatre; The Municipal Hall ('The Muni'), which hosts concerts, exhibitions and the annual pantomime, and the Little Theatre, home of Colne Dramatic Society. |
Colne | Media | Media
The area is served by television from ITV Granada and BBC North West. It is also served by radio from BBC Radio Lancashire, Capital Manchester and Lancashire which replaced 2BR in April 2019, and Pendle Community Radio, a community radio service aimed at the borough's British Asian population.
A local newspaper, the Colne Times, a variant edition of the larger Burnley Express, is published on Fridays. A second midweek edition, the Pendle Express, aimed at both Colne and neighbouring Nelson, is published on Tuesdays. The town is also served by the Lancashire Telegraph, which publishes a Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale edition six days a week and by a weekly freesheet, the 'Pendle Citizen', which appears on Thursdays.
Colne along with the neighbouring town of Nelson are mentioned in the 1991 song, It's Grim Up North by the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu. |
Colne | Notable people | Notable people
Lincoln Allison, academic and essayist
Lucas Barker, cricketer
Ken Bracewell, former footballer
Jonathan Broughton, retired swimmer
Steven Burke, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics track and road cyclist
Walter Butler Cheadle, paediatrician
Jim Collins, footballer
Herbert Crabtree, cricketer
John Cunliffe, author and broadcaster of Postman Pat and Rosie and Jim
Frederick Dutton, Australian politician
Tom Emmott, writer and political activist
David Fishwick, British businessman
Natalie Gumede, actress
Geoff Hall (1941–2009) played Cricket for Somerset
Heather Hancock, former civil servant
Christiana Hartley, social and welfare rights activist and politician
Wallace Hartley, bandleader on board the RMS Titanic
Sir William Pickles Hartley, jam manufacturer and philanthropist,
Kevin Hird, former footballer
Hannah Hobley, actress
Neil Hodgson, former motorcycle racer
Edward A. Irving, British-Canadian geologist
Thomas Arthur Leonard, social reformer
Andrew Likierman, former Dean of the London Business School
Alastair Little, chef
Tony Livesey, British journalist and broadcaster
Mike Phelan, a former player for Burnley F.C. and Assistant Manager of Manchester United under Sir Alex Ferguson
John Rawnsley, Opera singer and actor
Brian Redman, (born 9 March 1937 in Colne) racecar driver
Tom Shaw, politician
Sydney Silverman, MP for Nelson & Colne, 1935–68, winning eight elections and sponsoring the abolition of hanging in 1965.
John Simm, actor, director, and musician
Jeff Smith, motorcyclist known for his two FIM 500cc Motocross World Championships (1964–65), two British Trials Championships, multiple British Experts Trial wins
Andrew Stephenson, former politician
Mary Taft, early Methodist preacher
Bill Thomas, businessman
Dave Walker (1941 - 2015), footballer for Burnley F.C. and Southampton F.C.
Andy Webster, former footballer
Alan Wharton, (1923–1993) England Test cricketer who played for Lancashire and later Leicestershire.
Alfred William Wilcock, cathedral organist
Lily Fontaine, musician and frontwoman of English Teacher |
Colne | See also | See also
Listed buildings in Colne
Talbot Street bomb-making haul, the largest ever discovery of domestic bomb-making equipment in the UK.
Colne and Trawden Light Railway Company |
Colne | References | References |
Colne | Notes | Notes |
Colne | Bibliography | Bibliography
Dorothy Harrison (ed.), The History of Colne, Pendle Heritage Centre, 1988 |
Colne | External links | External links
BBC Sunday stroll photos in Foulridge & Colne
Photos of Old Colne and surrounding towns
Category:Towns and villages in the Borough of Pendle
Category:Civil parishes in Lancashire
Category:Towns in Lancashire |
Colne | Table of Content | Short description, History, Governance, Demographics, Economy, Landmarks, Transport, Education, Colne Grammar School, Pre-schools, Primary schools, High schools, Colleges and further education, Religion, Sports and leisure, Media, Notable people, See also, References, Notes, Bibliography, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/West 23rd Street | Delete. Even a New Yorker admits that not every one of Manhattan's 207 numbered cross streets is encyclopedic. ( | Delete. Even a New Yorker admits that not every one of Manhattan's 207 numbered cross streets is encyclopedic. (42nd Street is an exception.) This street runs through Chelsea, Manhattan. Wetman 21:44, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
no vote, but 23rd is one of the few major cross-streets in Manhattan that permits traffic in both directions. (14th, 23rd, 34th, 42nd, 57th, 59th, 72nd, 79th, 86th, 96th, 110th, 116th, and 125th streets). Should this article be retained, that fact needs mentioning. - Nunh-huh 00:09, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Hi. Not every street may be notable, but give me a chance to finish the article first! I just started it a few hours ago. I made it a stub to remind myself to come back and finish it—if I should refrain from doing so, I apologize, but please let me know and I'll be happy to stop.
BTW, did someone delete Christopher Street, Manhattan earlier? It was another street I stubbed, intending to finish later. I'll expand these two articles when I get home tonight, I promise. :) T-bomb 00:01, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)
I think that if articles like Rosedale, Oklahoma are allowed on Wikipedia, this one should too. RustyCale 11:33, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/West 23rd Street | Table of Content | Delete. Even a New Yorker admits that not every one of Manhattan's 207 numbered cross streets is encyclopedic. ( |
SHGb02+14a | short description | SHGb02+14a is an astronomical radio source and a candidate in the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI), discovered in March 2003 by SETI@home and announced in New Scientist on September 1, 2004. |
SHGb02+14a | Observation | Observation
The source was originally detected by Oliver Voelker of Logpoint in Nuremberg, Germany and Nate Collins of Farin and Associates in Wisconsin, USA using the giant Arecibo Telescope in Puerto Rico. It was observed three times (for a total of about one minute) at a frequency of about 1420 MHz, one of the frequencies in the waterhole region, which is theorized to be a good candidate for frequencies used by extraterrestrial intelligence to broadcast contact signals.
There are a number of puzzling features of this candidate, which have led to a large amount of skepticism. The source is located between the constellations Pisces and Aries, a direction in which no stars are observed within 1000 light years from Earth. It is also a very weak signal. The frequency of the signal has a rapid drift, changing by between 8 and 37 hertz per second. If the cause is Doppler shift, it would indicate emission from a planet rotating nearly 40 times faster on its axis than the Earth. Each time the signal was detected, it was again at about 1420 MHz, the original frequency before any drift.
There are a number of potential explanations for this signal. SETI@home has denied media reports of a likely extraterrestrial intelligence signal. It could be an artifact of random chance, cosmic noise or even a glitch in the technology. |
SHGb02+14a | Star field | Star field
The region is unusually devoid of any nearby stars. The closest star systems in the approximate region of the signal include the binary star G 73-11A and B, which are 106.1 light-years from the Sun, although the unrelated star G 73-10 is only 108.7 light-years away, less than three light-years from G 73-11A and B. All of these stars are red dwarfs much less massive than the Sun. The much nearer star, L 1159-16, which is one of the nearest 40 stars to the Sun, is near the signal's position, but its proximity is likely coincidental. |
SHGb02+14a | See also | See also
BLC1
Wow! signal |
SHGb02+14a | References and notes | References and notes |
SHGb02+14a | External links | External links
Signal Candidate SHGb02+14a
SETI@home (classic)'s Best Gaussians
SETI range calculator
Category:2003 in science
Category:Astronomical radio sources
Category:Radio spectrum
Category:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence |
SHGb02+14a | Table of Content | short description, Observation, Star field, See also, References and notes, External links |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | In order to remain listed at | In order to remain listed at Wikipedia:Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~~~~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 02:28, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is: .
As the 48-hour deadline from time of page creation approaches, it is not clear whether this RfC is valid.
As the defendant in the case, I believe this RfC is not procedurally valid.
I believe I have had to wait the required 48 hours to allow evidence to be assembled against me and to allow time for the certification of that evidence. Because of this, I have limited my response to date to procedural questions.
However, I also believe that if I do not have the opportunity to refute this RfC, I will suffer in the court of public opinion for reasons explained below (particularly in the outside views of ambi and DV, and on this RFC's associated talk page: in short, I will be accused of hiding behind procedure, a charge often leveled at so-called "trolls").
While I welcome a determination by proper authority that this RfC is procedurally invalid, I ask that this page not be deleted wholesale; if the page is deleted wholesale, I feel I will not be afforded the chance to defend myself from the allegations made here, and will in many eyes be seen as a pettifogger relying on "mere" procedural remedies. -- orthogonal 02:48, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
(orthogonal | talk | contributions) |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Statement of the dispute | Statement of the dispute
Since objecting to my request for arbitration regarding User:Avala about a month ago, orthogonal has mounted a harassing campaign against me, attempting to bait me, to needle me without crossing into personal attacks, actively and repeatedly misrepresenting my statements and views, and, most troublingly, spamming other users in an attempt to get at me. |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Description | Description
Let me preface this with a note. There is, of course, an innocent enough explanation for most, though, I think, not all, of the behavior depicted below. And one could argue that I should assume good faith. Let me note, however, that orthogonal has, in IRC, accused me of making power grabs, of trying to impose my will on Wikipedia, and has engaged in personal attacks against me for which he was banned from the #wikipedia channel for 24 hours (By me, though this ban was backed by Fennec). Altough IRC behavior is not actionable on Wikipedia itself, and I do not intend to submit it as evidence, orthogonal has made his lack of good faith towards me more than clear there.
Orthogonal's first harassment against me came during my RFA, in which he contacted about a half dozen users who he'd had no previous contact with in an attempt to rally them against my RFA. I found out about this when one of the users in question e-mailed me to let me know this was going on. This style of behavior reoccurred following my ban of him in IRC, when he spammed a bunch of userpages with an identical message asking how he could contest the ban.
At the top of orthogonal's userpage are four links - the first uses the text "Read how Snowspinner feels about votes against him." This links to a message I left on orthogonal's talk page in response to a comment he'd made in IRC about trying to be the "voice of dissent" in votes on Wikipedia. I left the message in good faith, and was rather irritated to see it posted with this inaccurate summary. I left a note on orthogonal's talk page, saying that the note was inaccurate, and pointing out that deliberately and negatively misrepresenting my statements borders on personal attacks. Orthogonal's summary of this was that I believe linking to my own words amounts to a personal attack against me. When it became clear that he was not going to change these misrepresentations on his userpage, I commented on them there. He removed the comments, saying I did not have the right to comment there. I have not pushed this issue, but I find his continual misrepresentation, and his refusal to allow me to offer any sort of rebuttal in direct response to this misrepresentation offensive and childish. Orthogonal has now changed these links - thank you.
His tone is generally hostile and abusive, at times crossing into personal attacks as in .
Most currently, in some sort of protest against my working towards developing Wikipedia:Semi-policy, orthogonal created Wikipedia:Proposal not accepted by the community. In its original version, found at , it contains a link to one of my comments that makes explicit that this entire policy page is designed as an attack on me. He then proceeded to link to this page following the link to the semi-policy page on all pages I tagged as such. The page, it should be noted, is quite redundant - it could easily have been added to the semi-policy page to make that a richer page that embraces multiple points of view. Instead of rising to the level of debate that might improve Wikipedia, however, orthogonal opted to belittle me.
Recently, orthogonal seems to be extending his crusade against FennecFoxen for backing my ban of him up in IRC - see .
Contrary to what orthogonal may think, I don't care if he disagrees with me. I don't care if he criticizes the concept of semi-policy, if he disagrees with my actions as an administrator here or in IRC, or anything else. I do, however, care about his crusade-like mentality, his baiting and belittling, and his insistence on disrupting Wikipedia to illustrate his points instead of debating them civily. |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Evidence of disputed behavior | Evidence of disputed behavior
Provided inline above. |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Applicable policies | Applicable policies
{list the policies that apply to the disputed conduct}
Wikipedia:No personal attacks
Wikipedia:Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute | Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
User talk:Orthogonal, particularly the sections "Effective dissent" and "Your userpage" |
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/orthogonal | Users certifying the basis for this dispute | Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~~~~)
Snowspinner 02:28, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)
Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 02:43, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Orthogonal objects to the above certification. I hereby withdraw it, and offer a new one: The process of attempting to resolve whether the initial certification was valid has, in fact, created a new dispute which is accurately described in Snowspinner's initial Statement. - Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 00:59, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) |
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