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ATC code D10 | {{anchor | D10BA Retinoids for treatment of acne
D10BA01 Isotretinoin |
ATC code D10 | {{anchor | D10BX Other anti-acne preparations for systemic use
D10BX01 Ichtasol |
ATC code D10 | References | References
D10
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ATC code D10 | Table of Content | ATC codes lead, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, {{anchor, References |
Desert rat | wiktionary | Desert rat or Desert Rat or their plurals may refer to: |
Desert rat | Rodents | Rodents
Gerbils (Gerbillinae) of the deserts of Africa and Asia
Jerboas (Dipodidae) of the deserts of North Africa and Asia
Kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) from North America
Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) from Africa |
Desert rat | Military | Military
Desert Rats, the British 7th Armoured Division in World War II
The Desert Rats (film), 1953 war film starring Richard Burton
Operation Desert Rat, a military offensive of the Laotian Civil War |
Desert rat | Other | Other
Desert Research and Technology Studies, or Desert RATS, a set of field trials conducted by NASA
Desert Rat Scrap Book, a California humor publication (1945–1967) focusing on the American Southwest
Desert Rats, a book by Charles Lewis Camp |
Desert rat | See also | See also
Desert Rats vs. Afrika Korps, a 2004 real time strategy game based on the North Africa Campaign of World War II
Desert woodrat, a small species of pack rat native to desert regions of western North America
The Rat Patrol, an American TV program (1966–1968) loosely based on the North Africa Campaign of World War II
The Rats of Tobruk, nickname for Allied soldiers holding the Libyan port of Tobruk while under siege in World War II
Category:Animal common name disambiguation pages |
Desert rat | Table of Content | wiktionary, Rodents, Military, Other, See also |
Interlagos Circuit | Short description | The Autódromo José Carlos Pace, better known as Autódromo de Interlagos or simply Interlagos, is a motorsport circuit located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It was inaugurated on 12 May 1940, by the federal intervener of the São Paulo province, Adhemar de Barros. In 1985, the circuit was renamed to honor the Formula 1 driver José Carlos Pace, who died in a plane crash in 1977. It runs counterclockwise abd is long. The facilities also include a kart circuit named after Ayrton Senna.
The circuit has hosted the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix since 1973, with the current contract set to expire in 2030. It previously hosted the Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix in 1992, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft in 1996, the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2010, and the FIA World Endurance Championship from 2012 to 2014. As the major racetrack in the country it also hosted many previous and active national championships such as Stock Car Brasil, Campeonato Sudamericano de GT, Fórmula Truck, Copa Truck, Formula 3 Sudamericana, Brazilian Formula Three Championship, and Mil Milhas Brasil.
In addition, the Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho road cycling race was held at the venue from 2002 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2013. A local version of the Lollapalooza music festival has been held at the venue since 2014. |
Interlagos Circuit | History | History
left|thumb|100px|The bust of José Carlos Pace in the circuit
The land on which the circuit is located was originally bought in 1926 by property developers who wanted to build housing.Interlagos circuit history – Official Brazilian Grand Prix website Following difficulties partly due to the 1929 stock market crash, it was decided to build a racing circuit instead; construction started in 1938 and the track was inaugurated on 12 May 1940. Its design was inspired by tracks such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Roosevelt Raceway in the United States, Brooklands in England, and Montlhéry in France.
The traditional name of the circuit, Interlagos (in Portuguese, "between lakes"), comes from its location on the neighborhood of the same name, a region between two large artificial lakes, Guarapiranga and Billings, built in the early 20th century to supply the metropolitan region of São Paulo with water and electric power. The name "Interlagos" was suggested by the French architect and urban planner Alfred Agache after the Interlaken region located in Switzerland. Interlagos was renamed in 1985 to "Autódromo José Carlos Pace" in honor of the Brazilian Formula One driver José Carlos Pace, also known as "Moco", who died in a plane crash in 1977.
Formula One started racing at Interlagos in 1972, when the event was run as a non-championship race (won by Argentinean Carlos Reutemann). The first World Championship Brazilian Grand Prix was held there in 1973, and it was won by defending Formula One World Champion and São Paulo local Emerson Fittipaldi. Fittipaldi won the race again the following year, and José Carlos Pace won his only race at Interlagos in 1975.
Due to safety concerns with the original layout, including a bumpy surface, the inadequate barriers, deep ditches and embankments, the last Formula One race held on the original Interlagos was in 1980, when it was nearly cancelled after protests by many Formula One drivers – including defending world champion Jody Scheckter. The safety concerns were directed towards the track surface, which BBC commentator Murray Walker described as "appallingly bumpy". Most of the ground-effect cars of 1980 were designed in such a way that bumpy surfaces were barely tolerable for the drivers. These factors meant that Formula One would move back to the Jacarepaguá circuit in Rio de Janeiro, hometown of established star Nelson Piquet and where the Brazilian Grand Prix was held in 1978. After Formula One moved away, the only major race being held at Interlagos was the Mil Milhas Brasil, and the last major race on the original circuit was the 1989 Mil Milhas Brasil. Formula One returned to the circuit in 1990 after it had been shortened and modified at a cost of $15 million. The track layout, aside from the pit exit being extended along the "Curva do Sol" over the years has remained the same since 1990.
The circuit is often witness to dramatic results when it hosts the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix, especially since its move to an end of season slot in 2004. Fernando Alonso won both the 2005 and 2006 world titles in Brazil, with Renault also clinching the constructors' title in 2006. Kimi Räikkönen won the 2007 World Championship here after being seven points down and in third place in the championship entering the final race of the season. Felipe Massa almost won the 2008 Driver's World Championship when he finished the 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix as winner, but after he finished, Lewis Hamilton overtook Timo Glock and was crowned World Champion. Despite Rubens Barrichello's pole position in 2009, Mark Webber won the race and Jenson Button won the championship for Brawn after starting 14th. Williams got their first pole since 2005 here at the 2010 Brazilian Grand Prix with Nico Hülkenberg. The race was won by Sebastian Vettel, and with Mark Webber coming second, Red Bull secured the constructors title; however the driver's title was not confirmed until the last race of the season.
During the weekend of the 2023 race, one roof in the complex came off because of bad weather. |
Interlagos Circuit | Tribute to José Carlos Pace | Tribute to José Carlos Pace
In August 2024, the body of José Carlos Pace himself was transferred from his vandalized mausoleum to the race circuit to be laid to rest in the race track named after him. The idea for this came was organized by the president of the Confederação Brasileira de Automobilismo (Brazilian Automobile Confederation) (CBA), Paulo “Loco” Figueiredo, the president of the Comissão Nacional de Carros Clássicos (National Classic Car Comission) and journalist Ricardo Caruso, as soon as they were informed of the vandalism of Pace's mausoleum, in the Araçá cemetery, in São Paulo. Figueiredo and Caruso began a long battle against bureaucracy, which included meetings with municipal authorities, at least 15 trips to the cemetery, as well as searches in registry offices, collecting documents and various authorizations, just to give the departed racer his deserved respect, and all with the support and help of Pace's family, who were unaware of the situation of his grave in the cemetery and immediately authorized them to do whatever was necessary.
Finally, on August 23, Pace's body arrived in Interlagos, where he was buried next to the bust that stands there in his honor. The emotional ceremony was attended by Pace's family (his widow Elda, his children Patrícia and Rodrigo, and his grandchildren), friends, other drivers, journalists and admirers of “Moco”. Then, José Carlos Pace took one last lap around the track, where Rodrigo, “Moco's” son, drove a 1967 Karmann-Ghia racing car that was used by his father, from the old Dacon team, where José Carlos Pace formed a trio with none other than the Fittipaldi brothers of Emerson and Wilson Jr. at the time. Alongside Rodrigo was Maurício Marx, collector and current owner of the Karmann-Ghia, who took the urn with Pace’s remains to his “final chequered flag”. This makes Pace the first departed driver ever to be buried in a race circuit. |
Interlagos Circuit | Characteristics | Characteristics
thumb|left|Satellite view of the circuit in 2018
One of the main characteristics of Interlagos is that it was not built on flat terrain, but follows the ups and downs of hilly ground, which makes it harder to drive and demands more power from the cars' engines. The races therefore can be tough on the car and physically demanding on the drivers, especially since the circuit runs counterclockwise, where the centrifugal forces in the many hard left turns push the drivers' necks to the right, instead of left as in most of the circuits on the F1 calendar. The hilly course is also a good feature for road cycling races, which are usually held at the circuit.
Additionally to the physical aspects there is also a climate component to the venue, the region where the track is located is known for having rapid changes in weather with outbursts of rain being common, which can vary from a short lived drizzle to a torrential storm. This can add a degree of unpredictability to the races and it's classically associated with the circuit. The city of São Paulo itself where the circuit is located is known by the nickname "Land of the Drizzle". |
Interlagos Circuit | First reform | First reform
In 1979 upgrading work was done and the pit lane was extended past the first left-hand turn (1), making the corner more narrow, and the pit lane ended right in the middle of turn 1 and 2. The present design of the track dates back to 1990, when the original circuit was shortened from to . As a consequence of the reduction, the track lost three long straight sections and nine fast curves (5 were lost forever, 4 were made slower and are still present). The original track was full of fast corners and it allowed cars to keep maximum speed for up for many seconds, it was considered dangerous, and in 1990 the old layout was mostly revised. The new track still had a very long top-speed section that contained bumps, high-speed turns and little run-off area though the track was very wide at this point. |
Interlagos Circuit | Improvement in 2007 | Improvement in 2007
For the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix, the largest-scale repairs in the last 35 years were carried out at the circuit, to fundamentally solve problems with the track surface. The existing asphalt was entirely replaced, resulting in a much smoother track surface. At the same time, the pit lane entrance was enhanced to improve safety and to add a new fixed grand stand. To facilitate the work, the circuit was closed and no events were held in the five months immediately preceding the race.
On 17 October 2007, Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) began to operate the new station of the Line C (currently called Line 9), Autódromo, near the circuit. The Line C had been extended to improve the access between the center of São Paulo and southern region of the Greater São Paulo including the circuit, improving circuit accessibility. |
Interlagos Circuit | Planned 2012 redevelopment | Planned 2012 redevelopment
Shortly before the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix, FIA race director Charlie Whiting detailed several planned upgrades of the circuit, including a new pit entrance and expanded run-off at the final corner, as a response to several fatal accidents at the circuit in 2011. In June 2012, further details of the proposed plans emerged, calling for the construction of a brand new pit building and the relocation of the start line from its current position between Arquibancadas and the Senna 'S' to Reta Oposta. However, later it was decided to keep start/finish straight at its current location along with the new pit building. |
Interlagos Circuit | Pit lane | Pit lane
Interlagos has one of the longest pit-lanes ever used in Formula One, starting just before the start-finish straight and rejoining the main course after Curva do Sol. Entering the pits was originally not a trivial task, as the high speed and the left turning may force the car rightwards, out of the pits. The pit lane entrance received some changes to become safer for the 2007 Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix, and later for the 2014 Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix, when a chicane was added. |
Interlagos Circuit | Layout history | Layout history |
Interlagos Circuit | Track layout | Track layout
thumb|250px|The first corner is the most popular overtaking spot. Michael Schumacher (red car) passes Kimi Räikkönen at the 2006 Brazilian GP.
Race start is in the "Tribunas" section and features a long straight with an upward inclination, then comes "S do Senna" (the Senna S) [1,2], a pair of alternating downward turns (left then right) that exhibit different attack angles and inclinations.
"S do Senna" connects with "Curva do Sol" (Curve of the Sun) [3], a round-shaped large-radius left turn that leads to "Reta Oposta" (Opposite Straight) the track's longest (but not the fastest) straight. Reta Oposta is succeeded by a pair of downhill left turns that are called "Descida do Lago" (Lake's Descent) [4,5] into a short straight section that climbs up towards the back of the pit buildings.
This is followed by a slow section, with small, kart-like turns and elevation changes. The first of these turns is known as "Ferradura" (Horseshoe) [6,7] downhill and right into "Laranjinha" (Little Orange) [8], another right turn and the slowest point of the circuit; the next turn leads into "Pinheirinho" (Little Pine Tree) [9], left on a plain field; then comes "Bico de Pato" (Duck Bill) [10] a right turn with a tight hairpin like shape; and then "Mergulho" (Dive) [11], a constant-radius left-hand turn that slings the driver straight into a harder left at "Junção" (Junction) [12].
Turn [13] "Café" (Coffee), is a left up-hill kink and marks the start of the long top-speed section. Rising up through "Subida dos Boxes" (Up to the Pits) [14], the driver encounters a long uphill left turn with a gradient of 10% that demands a lot of power from the cars. At the end of it comes Arquibancadas (Bleachers) [15], a wide high velocity left turn that connects to the "Tribunas" straight to complete the final section of the track.
The series of left turns from the exit of "Junção" all the way to Turn 1 is typically taken at full throttle and treated as a long straight. This section is one of the longest full-throttle stretches on the Formula 1 calendar, and thus demanding of the engine's reliability. Other notable stretches of this nature are the "Rettifilo Tribune" straight at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza and the Kemmel Straight at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.
List of the corners with their names (the numbers correspond to the current layout, from start to finish line):
'S' do Senna (Senna S) (1,2)
Curva do Sol (Curve of the Sun) (3)
Descida do Lago (Lake's Descent) (4,5)
Ferradura (Horseshoe) (6,7)
Laranjinha (Little Orange) (8)
Pinheirinho (Little Pine Tree) (9)
Bico de Pato (Duck's Bill) (10)
Mergulho (Dive) (11)
Junção (Junction) (12)
Café (Coffee) (13)
Subida dos Boxes (Up to the Pits) (14)
Arquibancadas (Bleachers) (15) |
Interlagos Circuit | Events | Events
Current
January: Mil Milhas Brasil
February: Fórmula Truck, Brazilian Superbike Championship
April: Brazilian Superbike Championship, Porsche Cup Brasil
May: Stock Car Pro Series, Copa Truck, NASCAR Brasil Series, F4 Brazilian Championship, Stock Light, Turismo Nacional BR, Império Endurance Brasil, Brazilian Superbike Championship
June: Brazilian Superbike Championship, Moto 1000 GP
July: FIA World Endurance Championship 6 Hours of São Paulo, Brazilian Superbike Championship
August: Porsche Cup Brasil
November: Formula One São Paulo Grand Prix, Porsche Cup Brasil, F4 Brazilian Championship, Brazilian Superbike Championship, Moto 1000 GP
December: TCR South America Touring Car Championship, Stock Car Pro Series, Copa Truck, NASCAR Brasil Series, F4 Brazilian Championship, Turismo Nacional BR,
Former
Brasileiro de Marcas (2011–2018)
Brazilian Formula Three Championship (1989–1994, 2014–2017)
Campeonato Sudamericano de GT (2007–2013)
Ferrari Challenge North America (2013)
FIA GT1 World Championship (2010)
Fórmula Academy Sudamericana (2018–2019)
Formula BMW Americas (2008)
Formula 3 Brazil Open (2010–2014)
Formula 3 Sudamericana (1987, 1989–1993, 1995, 1998–1999, 2003–2011, 2013)
Formula One
Brazilian Grand Prix (1972–1977, 1979–1980, 1990–2019)
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix (1992)
International Formula 3000 (2001–2002)
International Touring Car Championship (1996)
Le Mans Series (2007)
Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho (2002–2006, 2008–2013)
South American Super Touring Car Championship (1997–1999)
Stock Car Brasil
Stock Car Corrida do Milhão (2010–2013, 2016, 2019–2020)
TC2000 Championship (2007)
TCR World Tour (2024)
Top Race V6 (2009–2010)
World Series by Nissan (2002) |
Interlagos Circuit | Lap records | Lap records
As of December 2024, the fastest official lap records at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace are listed as:
Category Time Driver Vehicle Event Grand Prix Circuit: 4.309 km (1999–present) Formula One 1:10.540 Valtteri Bottas Mercedes AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+ 2018 Brazilian Grand Prix LMP1 1:18.367 Andre Lotterer Audi R18 e-tron quattro 2014 6 Hours of São Paulo LMH 1:24.801 Mike Conway Toyota GR010 2024 6 Hours of São Paulo LMP2 1:24.916 Olivier Pla Ligier JS P2 2014 6 Hours of São Paulo LMDh 1:25.651 Frédéric Makowiecki Porsche 963 2024 6 Hours of São Paulo F3000 1:27.323 Sébastien Bourdais Lola B02/50 2002 Interlagos F3000 round Formula Three 1:28.282 Guilherme Samaia Dallara F309 2016 1st Interlagos Formula 3 Brasil round Formula Nissan 1:28.656 Bas Leinders Dallara SN01 2002 Interlagos World Series by Nissan round GT1 (GTS) 1:30.074 Oliver Gavin Chevrolet Corvette C6.R 2007 Mil Milhas Brasil LM GTE 1:30.101 Patrick Pilet Porsche 911 RSR 2014 6 Hours of São Paulo GT3 1:32.303 Victor Franzoni Lamborghini Huracán GT3 2018 500 km of Interlagos Sports car prototype 1:34.489 Aldo Piedade Jr. Sigma P1 G4 2022 Mil Milhas Brasil Formula 4 1:34.821 Genaro Trappa Tatuus F4-T421 2024 2nd Interlagos F4 Brazil round Porsche Carrera Cup 1:35.744 Werner Neugebauer Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup 2024 3rd Interlagos Porsche Cup Brasil round Stock Car Brasil 1:36.058 Ricardo Mauricio Chevrolet Cruze Stock Car 2019 Corrida do Milhão Formula Renault 2.0 1:36.105 Alberto Valerio Tatuus FR2000 2004 1st Interlagos Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil round GT4 1:40.417 Renato Braga Mercedes-AMG GT4 2020 Mil Milhas Brasil Formula BMW 1:40.842 Alexander Rossi Mygale FB02 2008 Interlagos Formula BMW Americas round TCR Touring Car 1:42.304 Pepe Oriola Honda Civic Type R TCR (FK8) 2021 Interlagos TCR South America round N-GT 1:42.569 Max Wilson Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RS 2001 Mil Milhas Brasileiras Ferrari Challenge 1:42.598 Ferrari F430 Challenge 2010 2nd Interlagos GT Brasil round Stock Series 1:42.932 Felipe Barrichello Bartz Chevrolet Cruze JL-G12 2024 2nd Interlagos Stock Series round Trofeo Maserati 1:43.885 Fábio Greco Maserati Trofeo Light 2011 3rd Interlagos GT Brasil round Super Touring 1:45.131 Cacá Bueno Peugeot 406 1999 Interlagos SASTC round TC2000 1:46.030 Chevrolet Astra 2007 Interlagos TC2000 round Formula Renault 1.6 1:48.924 Juan Vieira Signatech FR 1.6 2019 Interlagos Formula Academy Sudamericana round NASCAR Brasil 1:51.413 Rafa Dias Chevrolet Camaro NASCAR Brasil 2024 Interlagos NASCAR Brasil round Turismo Nacional BR 2:00.640 Gustavo Magnabosco Volkswagen Gol 2022 Interlagos Turismo Nacional Brasil round Truck racing 2:04.584 Volkswagen Truck 2020 Interlagos Copa Truck round Stock Car Circuit with Chicane: 4.314 km (2011–2017) Stock Car Brasil 1:40.066 Júlio Campos Chevrolet Cruze Stock Car 2016 Corrida do Milhão Grand Prix Circuit: 4.292 km (1996–1998) Formula One 1:18.397 Jacques Villeneuve Williams FW19 1997 Brazilian Grand Prix Formula Three 1:34.320 Jaime Melo Dallara F394 1998 Interlagos F3 Sudamericana round Class 1 Touring Cars 1:35.014 Alessandro Nannini Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI 1996 Interlagos ITC round GT2 1:42.329 Antônio Hermann Porsche 911 (993) GT2 1997 500 km of Interlagos Super Touring 1:48.062 Nonô Figueiredo Chevrolet Vectra 1998 Interlagos SASTC round Grand Prix Circuit: 4.325 km (1990–1995) Formula One 1:18.455 Michael Schumacher Benetton B194 1994 Brazilian Grand Prix Formula Three 1:36.990 Fernando Croceri Ralt RT33 1993 Interlagos Formula 3 Sudamericana round Group B 1:43.440 Christian Fittipaldi Porsche 911 Carrera RSR 3.8 1994 Mil Milhas Brasileiras Motorcycle Circuit: 4.352 km (1992) 500cc 1:42.872 Wayne Rainey Yamaha YZR500 1992 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix 250cc 1:44.478 Loris Reggiani Aprilia RSV 250 1992 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix 125cc 1:50.262 Dirk Raudies Honda RS125R 1992 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix Grand Prix Circuit: 7.873 km (1980–1989) Formula One 2:27.311 René Arnoux Renault RE20 1980 Brazilian Grand Prix Original Grand Prix Circuit: 7.960 km (1940–1979) Formula One 2:28.760 Jacques Laffite Ligier JS11 1979 Brazilian Grand Prix Formula Two 2:37.900 Carlos Pace Surtees TS15 1972 3rd Interlagos Torneio F2 round Group 5 2:43.070 Wilson Fittipaldi Porsche 917 1972 Interlagos Copa Brasil round Group 6 2:50.800 Luís Pereira Bueno Porsche 908/02 1971 Sud-Am Tournoi de Sao-Paulo Formula Three 3:01.800 Carlos Pace Lotus 59 1971 2nd Interlagos Torneio F3 round Formula Libre 3:46.600 Chico Landi Ferrari 125 C 1952 Interlagos Grand Prix |
Interlagos Circuit | See also | See also
Interlagos
Cidade Dutra
Socorro
Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo Amaro
Subprefecture of Capela do Socorro |
Interlagos Circuit | Notes | Notes |
Interlagos Circuit | References | References |
Interlagos Circuit | External links | External links
Official website
Info from the Official Formula 1 Website
Official Brazilian Grand Prix website (English site)
SaoPauloEsportes.com
Info from BBC's circuit guide
Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace History and Statistics
Autódromo José Carlos Pace on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)
Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth
Subprefecture of Capela do Socorro
Category:Formula One circuits
Category:Grand Prix motorcycle circuits
Category:Motorsport venues in São Paulo (state)
Category:Sports venues in São Paulo
Category:Brazilian Grand Prix
Category:Sports venues completed in 1940
Category:1940 establishments in Brazil |
Interlagos Circuit | Table of Content | Short description, History, Tribute to José Carlos Pace, Characteristics, First reform, Improvement in 2007, Planned 2012 redevelopment, Pit lane, Layout history, Track layout, Events, Lap records, See also, Notes, References, External links |
Template:Leaders by year | Sidebar
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Category:Templates by year |
Template:Leaders by year | Table of Content | Sidebar
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Chrysler LX platform | Infobox automobile platform
| The LX platform was Chrysler's full-size rear wheel drive automobile platform introduced in 2004 for the 2005 model year. The LX was developed in North America to supersede the previous Chrysler LH platform, which had been designed to allow it to be easily upgraded to rear and all-wheel drive. The LD Charger, 300 and LA Challenger cars are built at Brampton Assembly in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The European variant and all RHD models were built in Graz, Austria, by Magna Steyr from June 2005 until 2010, where they carried the platform designation of LE. |
Chrysler LX platform | LX | LX
Vehicles using the LX platform include:
2005–2010 Chrysler 300 sedan, station wagon (LE Only)
2005–2008 Dodge Magnum station wagon
2006–2010 Dodge Charger sedan
Concept vehicles using this platform include:
Chrysler Nassau sedan
Chrysler Airflite sedan |
Chrysler LX platform | LC | LC
The LC platform is a shortened LX platform designed for the Challenger.
Vehicles using the LC/LA platform include:
2008–2014, LC
2015–2023, LA
Dodge Challenger coupe
Concept vehicles using this platform include:
Chrysler 200C EV sedan |
Chrysler LX platform | LD | LD
The LD platform was introduced in 2011 for the seventh generation of the Charger. It is an entirely redesigned and updated platform but is closely related to the original LX.
Vehicles using the LD platform include:
2011–2023 Dodge Charger
2011–2023 Chrysler 300
2012–2015 Lancia Thema sedan |
Chrysler LX platform | LA | LA
The LA platform code has been used for the updated Dodge Challenger beginning in the 2015 model year. It was created primarily to allow the Challenger to use an eight speed automatic transmission.
2015–2023 Dodge Challenger coupe |
Chrysler LX platform | LY | LY
The LY platform is a lengthened LX platform used for:
2006 Chrysler Imperial sedan concept car |
Chrysler LX platform | Future LB Platform | Future LB Platform
In June 2018, former FCA CEO, Sergio Marchionne stated that Dodge Challenger and Charger will retain the current LD platform which will be heavily revised for the next generation. Many thoughts suggesting the current LD Platform cars would hit the Giorgio platform, however this was later debunked by Marchionne stating that the Giorgio is more suited towards sports oriented European vehicles instead of American muscle cars.
Upon the Merger with PSA with FCA, an evolution of Giorgio Architecture was developed while executing platform consolidation now named the STLA large. This Architecture already under the WLs and will eventually support KM, EJ, C6X, RU and RV along with all large segment cars for Europe, Maserati and Alfa. The Architecture will support multifuel BEV, PHEV, and ICE. The replacement in North America will be the LB29 for 2 Door possibly named Challenger and or Daytona, and LB49 4 Door Charger. |
Chrysler LX platform | References | References
LX |
Chrysler LX platform | Table of Content | Infobox automobile platform
, LX, LC, LD, LA, LY, Future LB Platform, References |
File:More specific Usenet posts containing the word Wikipedia.png | Information
| Category:Wikipedia charts |
File:More specific Usenet posts containing the word Wikipedia.png | Table of Content | Information
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Maritime emergency | A | A maritime emergency refers to any critical situation at sea where a vessel or its crew faces immediate distress, such as mechanical failure, fire, severe weather, medical emergencies, or collisions. These emergencies can trigger rescue operations involving specialized maritime safety measures and coordination between various maritime organizations.
Modern maritime emergency response include rapid alert systems like the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS, which enables vessels to send distress signals and receive assistance. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) Convention set the framework for coordinated rescue operations, ensuring that distress situations are managed efficiently and that vessels provide assistance to those in need. |
Maritime emergency | See also | See also
Coast guard
Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
Flare gun
Global Maritime Distress Safety System
Lifeboat
Mayday |
Maritime emergency | References | References
Category:Rescue
Category:Water transport |
Maritime emergency | Table of Content | A, See also, References |
W. T. Grant | Short description | W. T. Grant or Grants was a United States–based chain of mass-merchandise stores founded by William Thomas Grant that operated from 1906 until 1976. The stores were generally of the variety store format located in downtowns. |
W. T. Grant | History | History
In 1906 the first "W. T. Grant Co. 25 Cent Store" (equal to $ today) opened in Lynn, Massachusetts. Modest profit, coupled with a fast turnover of inventory, caused the stores to grow to almost $100 million (~$ in ) annual sales by 1936, the same year that William Thomas Grant started the W. T. Grant Foundation. By the time Grant died in 1972 at age 96, his chain of W. T. Grant Stores had grown to almost 1,200. At the company's end, headquarters were atop One Astor Plaza, a prominent building of New York City's skyline on Times Square.
Like many national chain stores and some larger department stores, Grant arranged for a low price exclusive record label, Diva. Columbia Records produced this label which consisted of titles also issued on Columbia's general sale Harmony label and it existed from 1925 through 1930. Based on the number of copies found, it appeared to be a good selling label. Grant continued to sell records after 1930, but they no longer had their own label.
thumb|Classic logo
Grant's store-branded electronics and other goods were named Bradford after Bradford County, Pennsylvania, where William Thomas Grant was born. The in-store restaurants were named Bradford House, and their mascot was a pilgrim named Bucky Bradford. An alternative restaurant format, The Skillet, was used for in-store lunch counters.
The largest W. T. Grant store was located in Vails Gate, New York. It became a Caldor and several other stores, and later a Kmart, which closed in November 2017.
thumb|Grant City was Grant's discount store format. They also tried to convert existing stores to discount stores under the "Diskay" brand.
Canadian retailer Zellers concluded a deal with the W. T. Grant Company. The Grant Company was allowed to purchase 10% of Zellers common shares, and was given options that eventually translated into a 51% effective ownership of Zellers in 1959. In return for this, the "Grant Company [was] making available to Zellers its experience on matters of merchandise, real estate, store development, and general administration". Zellers employees were sent to Grant stores and head office for training and together they made common buying trips to Asia, a practice that benefited both companies. By 1976, the Grant Company withdrew from Zellers.Zellers history |
W. T. Grant | Downfall and closure | Downfall and closure
Grant's stores were slower than the Kresge stores to adapt to the growth of the suburb and the change in shopping habits that this entailed. The attempt to correct this was belated; in the 1960s and early 1970s, the company built many larger stores (later known as Grant City), but unlike Kresge's Kmart they lacked uniform size and layout, so that a shopper familiar with one did not immediately feel "at home" in another. Grants' delay in building out its network of larger stores afforded rivals an opportunity to secure the most desirable building sites, leaving Grants with less preferable locations, often with inadequate selling space. After the company began to lose money, funds were borrowed to pay the quarterly dividend until this became impossible. A final tactic to stay in business involved requiring Grant's clerks and cashiers to offer a Grant's credit card application to customers to boost sales in the stores.
W. T. Grant's bankruptcy in 1976 which was the then-second biggest in US history, was in part due to a failure to adapt to changing times but was probably accelerated by management's refusal until it was too late to eliminate the shareholder dividend. While there is some argument over exactly which combination of decisions caused this, all these decisions were made by an unchecked management layer and the bankruptcy is considered the "beginning of the end" of the idea that US company directors had complete control over their company and no obligation to the company's shareholders to make 'the best' decisions to maintain the company value and survival.
The most apparent cause of the bankruptcy was the company's decision to extend store credit to all customers, with no attempt made to assess the customer's ability to repay. Each of the company's stores had credit managers who authorized the opening of store credit accounts, which resulted in many customers having credit accounts with more than one of the company's stores. In addition, there existed no centralized control or record-keeping of store credit accounts which resulted in noncollectable accounts. The credit was recovered in 1976 by Irwin Jacobs who, with the backing of Carl Pohlad, purchased their consumer accounts receivable account of $276.3 million for $44 million and 5% of first-year sales.The Wall Street Journal July 30, 1980
This initiative to extend credit to all customers was made in 1969, during a prosperous period in US history, when Grant was expanding into new areas of the US. W. T. Grant hoped to attract customers from rival Kresge and other department stores. The low number of defaults on small loans at this time meant that the credit arrangements seemed a good idea, but the absence of any credit check, and the low minimum repayment terms were extreme, even for the times. When the economic expansion slowed in 1970/1971 the balance shifted and the credit arrangement became more of a liability than an asset. No decision was made to change or halt this before 1974, by which time the company's collapse was a certainty. |
W. T. Grant | References | References |
W. T. Grant | External links | External links
W. T. Grant Annual Reports (1919-1974), Internet Archive
Category:Retail companies established in 1906
Category:Retail companies disestablished in 1976
Category:Defunct discount stores of the United States
Category:Five and dimes
Category:1906 establishments in Massachusetts
Category:1976 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Category:American companies disestablished in 1976
Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1976 |
W. T. Grant | Table of Content | Short description, History, Downfall and closure, References, External links |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Short description | Dancing at Lughnasa is a 1990 play by dramatist Brian Friel set in County Donegal, Ireland in August 1936 in the fictional town of Ballybeg. It is a memory play told from the point of view of the adult Michael Evans, the narrator. He recounts the summer in his aunts' cottage when he was seven years old. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Background | Background
This play is loosely based on the lives of Friel's mother and aunts who lived in Glenties, a small town in the south-west of County Donegal. Set in the summer of 1936, the play depicts the late summer days when love briefly seems possible for five of the Mundy sisters (Maggie, Chris, Agnes, Rose, and Kate) and the family welcomes home the frail elder brother, Jack, who has returned from a life as a missionary in Africa. However, as the summer ends, the family foresees the sadness and economic privations under which they will suffer as all hopes fade.
The play takes place in early August, around the festival of Lughnasadh, the Celtic harvest festival. The play describes a bitter harvest for the Mundy sisters, a time of reaping what has been sown. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Plot | Plot
The five Mundy sisters (Kate, Maggie, Agnes, Rosie, and Christina), all unmarried, live in a cottage outside of Ballybeg. The oldest, Kate, is a school teacher, the only one with a well-paid job. Agnes and Rose knit gloves to be sold in town, thereby earning a little extra money for the household. They also help Maggie to keep house. Maggie and Christina (Michael's mother) have no income at all. Michael is seven years old and plays in and around the cottage.
All the drama takes place in the sisters' cottage or in the yard just outside, with events from town and beyond being reported either as they happen or as reminiscence.
Recently returned home after 25 years is their brother Jack, a priest who has lived as a missionary in a leper colony in a remote village called Ryanga in Uganda. He is suffering from malaria and has trouble remembering many things, including the sisters' names and his English vocabulary. It becomes clear that he has "gone native" and abandoned much of his Catholicism during his time there. This may be the real reason he has been sent home.
Gerry, Michael's father, is Welsh. He is a charming yet unreliable man, always clowning. He is a travelling salesman who sells gramophones. He visits rarely and always unannounced. A radio nicknamed "Marconi", which works only intermittently, brings 1930s dance and traditional Irish folk music into the home at rather random moments and then, equally randomly, ceases to play. This leads the women into sudden outbursts of wild dancing.
The poverty and financial insecurity of the sisters is a constant theme. So are their unfulfilled lives: none of the sisters has married, although it is clear that they have had suitors whom they fondly remember.
There is a tension between the strict and proper behaviour demanded by the Catholic Church, voiced most stridently by the upright Kate, and the unbridled emotional paganism of the local people in the "back hills" of Donegal and in the tribal people of Uganda.
There is a possibility that Gerry is serious this time about his marriage proposal to Christina. On this visit, he says he is going to join the International brigade to fight in the Spanish Civil War, not from any ideological commitment but because he wants adventure. There is a similar tension here between the "godless" forces he wants to join and the forces of Franco against which he will be fighting, which are supported by the Catholic Church.
The opening of a knitwear factory in the village has killed off the hand-knitted glove cottage industry that has been the livelihood of Agnes and Rose. The village priest has told Kate that there are insufficient pupils at the school for her to continue in her post in the coming school year in September. She suspects that the real reason is her brother Jack, whose heretical views have become known to the Church and have tainted her by association.
There is a sense that the close home life the women have known since childhood is about to be torn apart. The narrator, the adult Michael, tells us this is indeed what happens. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Characters | Characters
Kate Mundy Kate is the eldest of the Mundy sisters and behaves as a mother figure towards the others. As a schoolteacher, she is the only wage-earner in the house, but her reputation as "The Gander" in the schoolroom is seen to extend into the household. She is a fiercely devout Catholic, indicated by her distaste for the pagan practices at Lughnasa and Jack's loss of faith. However, her sensitivity is evident throughout the play and through the narratives provided by Michael, who claims she was "inconsolable" when Father Jack died.
Maggie Mundy In place of a career, Maggie acts as the chief family homemaker. Throughout the play she is revealed as serving a deeper purpose as the "joker" of the family, defusing tensions as they arise. She cheekily challenges Kate's authority by calling her "Kitty", whilst being her confidant at the same time. Maggie is seen to have dreams of her own when she learns of her best friend's success. Her sudden quiet contemplation in her monologue is deeply contrasted with her usual fun-loving way of speaking.
Christina Mundy At 26 years old, Chris is the youngest of the Mundy sisters, and, like Maggie, has no paid job. Gerry Evans fathered her son, Michael, seven years ago and is seen as walking in and out of their lives as he chooses. As a result, Chris fluctuates between falling into a deep depression when he leaves, yet being renewed with optimism that his next visit will be a permanent stay. Her lack of income can lead Chris to be defensive on the upbringing of her son, shown when Kate buys Michael a new spinning top at the beginning of the play.
Rose Mundy Rose is 32, but behaves much younger than her years, due to a developmental disability. This condition makes her particularly vulnerable to an unseen character, Danny Bradley, a married man, whom Rose believes is in love with her. However, her sisters believe that Bradley is exploiting Rose's simple nature for his own gain. She is particularly close to her older sister, Agnes, with whom she knits gloves to sell in the town. We learn through Michael's narrative that, after leaving home with Agnes, Rose eventually dies in a hospice for the destitute in Southwark, London, in the 1950s.
Agnes Mundy Agnes is quiet and contemplative, knitting gloves with Rose whilst also helping to keep the house in order, along with Maggie. She appears to be silently infatuated with Gerry and is quick to leap to his defence. However, Michael's narratives reveal Agnes' future to be bleak. Her knitting fails to support her when the knitware factory opens. Due to her sense of parental regard for Rose, she emigrates with her to London, breaking off all contact with the family, and dies in dire circumstances in the 1950s.
Michael Evans (main character) Michael does not appear onstage as a child, but his presence is alluded to by the other characters, while the adult Michael speaks his lines from the side of the stage. As a child, Michael is seen as being surrounded by love, since all five of the sisters dote on him. Michael also acts as a narrator, not only dictating the action as it goes on, but revealing the futures of the other characters in the play.
Gerry Evans Gerry is initially portrayed as an intensely negative character, particularly by Kate, for having left Chris after fathering her illegitimate son, Michael. However, upon his first appearance in the play, Gerry is shown to be charming and genuinely affectionate towards Chris. His current job as a gramophone salesman (like his former job as a ballroom dancing instructor) represents his freedom, in sharp contrast to the stagnant lives of the Mundy sisters. This is made all the more obvious by the fact that he is leaving Ireland to join the International Brigade and fight in the Spanish Civil War, something that is further disapproved of by Kate. Through Michael's narration, we learn that Gerry is later left with a limp after falling off a motorbike in Barcelona. As well as having romantic feelings for Chris, Gerry seems particularly inclined towards Agnes, although the true state of their relationship remains in doubt. We learn later that he secretly has another family back in Wales, and that all his proposals of marriage to Christina have been false. Adult narrator Michael reveals that, after Gerry's death in the 1950s, he had been contacted by a half brother in South Wales, who revealed that Gerry had had a wife and several sons there at the time depicted in the drama.
Father Jack Jack is in his late fifties. He had left home as a young man to work as a missionary in a leper colony in Uganda. Beyond this, he had been a Catholic chaplain in the British Army in East Africa during World War I. He is well respected in Donegal for his missionary work in a leper colony. However, his sudden return to Ballybeg for undisclosed reasons has paved the way for great changes. He has difficulty with his memory, often forgetting the names of his sisters or confusing them with his former house boy Okawa, with whom we are told he was very close. Jack professes a broad admiration for the pagan beliefs of the native people of Africa, and appears to have lost his Catholic faith, which may be the true reason his superiors have sent him back. This is a great worry for Kate, who is concerned about the family's reputation. Jack refers to Michael as a love child rather than an illegitimate child and says they are common and accepted among the people of Uganda.
In a scene near the close of the play he swaps his British colonial tricorn hat, a gift from a British governor, for a lesser hat worn by Gerry. Jack turns the swap into a non-catholic ceremony as well as referring to Uganda as his home. It is Gerry who is now to go abroad seeking adventure just as Jack settles back into his home country.
Father Jack recovers from his malaria and confusion, but Michael as narrator tells us that he died of a heart attack soon after the events portrayed in the play. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Productions | Productions
Original production
The play was originally presented at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in 1990. It transferred to London's National Theatre in 1991, winning the Olivier Award for Best Play, and subsequently to Broadway's Plymouth Theatre where it won the Tony Award for Best Play as well as a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Play. The original cast included Frances Tomelty and later Rosaleen Linehan as Kate, Anita Reeves as Maggie, Bríd Ní Neachtain as Rose, Bríd Brennan as Agnes, Catherine Byrne as Chris, Gerard McSorley as Michael, Paul Herzberg and later Stephen Dillane as Gerry Evans and Barry McGovern and later Alec McCowen as Fr. Jack. The original Broadway cast included Rosaleen Linehan as Kate, Dearbhla Molloy as Maggie, Bríd Ní Neachtain as Rose, Bríd Brennan as Agnes (winning a Tony Award for her performance), Catherine Byrne as Chris, Gerard McSorley as Michael, Robert Gwilym as Gerry and Donal Donnelly as Fr. Jack.
1999/2000 Dublin Revival
The play was revived ten years after its original production, again at the Abbey Theatre with the same production team headed by Patrick Mason. The cast included the original Maggie, Anita Reeves in the role of Kate, with Jane Brennan as Agnes, Lynn Cahill as Rose, Des Cave as Fr. Jack, Steve Elliott as Gerry Evans, Anna Healy as Maggie, David Parnell as Michael and Ali White as Chris.
2004 Dublin Revival
In April 2004, Joe Dowling directed a new production of the play at the Gate Theatre. The cast included Aisling O'Neill as Chris, Derbhle Crotty as Maggie, Catherine Walsh as Agnes, Dawn Bradfield as Rose, Andrea Irvine as Kate with John Kavanagh, Peter Gowen and Ben Price.
2009 London Revival
In 2009, the Old Vic Theatre in London presented a well-received production of the play starring Sorcha Cusack, Niamh Cusack, Sinéad Cusack and Andrea Corr.
2010 National Tour (Ireland)
Second Age Theatre Company presented a revival of the play which toured Ireland as part of a National Tour. Directed by David Horan, the cast included Donna Dent, Susannah de Wrixon, Maeve Fitzgerald, Kate Nic Chonaonaigh and Marie Ruane.
2011 UK Tour
In February to April 2011, Alastair Whatley directed a production for the Original Theatre Company that toured the UK. The cast included Victoria Carling, Mairead Conneely, Patricia Gannon, Siobhan O'Kelly, Daragh O'Malley, Bronagh Taggart, Paul Westwood and Alastair Whatley.
2011 off-Broadway Revival
The Irish Repertory Theatre, Manhattan, staged a new production of the play starting on 19 October 2011, directed by artistic director Charlotte Moore, billed as the 20th Anniversary Production. Ciaran O'Reilly was Michael; Annabel Hagg as Chris; Jo Kinsella – Maggie; Rachel Pickup – Agnes; Aedin Moloney – Rose; Orlagh Cassidy – Kate; Michael Countryman – Jack; and Kevin Collins as Gerry.
2014 Rome (Italy)
The Rome Savoyards theatre company staged an original production of the play directed by Sandra Provost at the 'Teatro San Genesio' from
February 4 to February 9 to great acclaim. William O'Neill was Michael; Lydia O'Kane - Chris; Gabriella Spadaro - Maggie; Carolyn Gouger - Agnes; Fabiana De Rose - Rose; Shelagh Stuchbery - Kate; Michael Fitzpatrick - Jack and Shane Harnett - Gerry.
2015 National Tour (Ireland)
The Lyric Theatre in Belfast presented a revival of the play in association with the Dublin Theatre Festival, which toured both North and South of Ireland, with a cast featuring Catherine Cusack, Catherine McCormack and Mary Murray. Directed by Annabelle Comyn.
2023 London Revival
The National Theatre in London presented a production of the play starring Louisa Harland as Agnes, Bláithín Mac Gabhann as Rose, Siobhán McSweeney as Maggie, Justine Mitchell as Kate, Ardal O'Hanlon as Jack, Alison Oliver as Chris, Tom Riley as Gerry, and Tom Vaughan-Lawlor as Michael. The director was Josie Rourke. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Film adaptation | Film adaptation
Dancing at Lughnasa was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name starring Meryl Streep as Kate Mundy and directed by Pat O'Connor. Brid Brennan won an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in a Female Role. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | LIFF | LIFF
The first Lughnasa International Friel Festival (LIFF) occurred in August 2015. Dancing at Lughnasa, in the year of its 25th anniversary, was chosen as its signature production.‘An inspirational artist’: Ireland pays tribute following death of Brian Friel, 2 Oct 2015. |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Awards and nominations | Awards and nominations
Awards
1991 Olivier Award for Best Play of the Year (BBC Award)
1992 Tony Award for Best Play
1992 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play – Brid Brennan as Agnes
1992 Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play – Patrick Mason
1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play – Patrick Mason
1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble Performance
1991 Evening Standard Award for Best Play
1992 New York Drama Critics' Circle Best Play
Nominations
1991 Olivier Award for Best Director of a Play – Patrick Mason
1991 Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreography – Terry John Bates
1991 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Play – Anita Reeves as Maggie
1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding New Play - Brian Friel
1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design – Trevor Dawson
1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design – Joe Vanek
1992 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play – Rosaleen Linehan as Kate
1992 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play – Dearbhla Molloy as Maggie
1992 Tony Award for Best Choreography – Christopher Chadman
1992 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design – Joe Vanek
1992 Tony Award for Best Costume Design – Joe Vanek |
Dancing at Lughnasa | References | References |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Further reading | Further reading
|
Dancing at Lughnasa | External links | External links
An excerpt from Dancing at Lughnasa
Category:Fiction set in 1936
Category:1990 plays
Category:Broadway plays
Category:County Donegal in fiction
Category:Laurence Olivier Award–winning plays
Category:New York Drama Critics' Circle Award winners
Category:Irish plays adapted into films
Category:Plays by Brian Friel
Category:Plays set in Ireland
Category:Plays set in the 1930s
Category:Tony Award–winning plays
Category:Postcolonial literature |
Dancing at Lughnasa | Table of Content | Short description, Background, Plot, Characters, Productions, Film adaptation, LIFF, Awards and nominations, References, Further reading, External links |
Robert Bennett | '''Robert''' | Robert or Bob Bennett may refer to: |
Robert Bennett | Arts and entertainment | Arts and entertainment |
Robert Bennett | Music | Music
Robert Russell Bennett (1894–1981), American composer
Bobby Bennett (The Famous Flames) (1938–2013), member of James Brown's singing group The Famous Flames
Bob Bennett, drummer for The Sonics
Bob Bennett (singer-songwriter) (born 1955), Christian music vocalist and acoustic guitarist
Bobby Bennett, Jr. (born 1986), contestant on season 5 of American Idol |
Robert Bennett | Writing | Writing
Robert Bennett (theologian) (died 1687), English author
Robert Jackson Bennett (born 1984), American author |
Robert Bennett | Politics | Politics
Robert Bennett (Melbourne mayor) (1822–1891), mayor of Melbourne, 1861–1862
Robert Frederick Bennett (1927–2000), Governor of Kansas, 1975–1979
Bob Bennett (politician) (1933–2016), U.S. Senator from Utah, 1993–2011
Robert T. Bennett (1939–2014), chairman of the Ohio Republican Party |
Robert Bennett | Sports | Sports
Robert Bennett (athlete) (1919–1974), 1948 Olympic bronze medalist in hammer throw
Bob Bennett (swimmer) (born 1943), 1960 and 1964 Olympic bronze medalist in swimming
Bob Bennett (baseball) (1933–2020), American college baseball coach
Robert Bennett (cricketer) (1831–1875), English cricketer
Bob Bennett (rugby league), Australian player and coach
Bob Bennett (cricketer) (born 1940), former English cricketer |
Robert Bennett | Others | Others
Robert A. Bennett (born 1941), American business journalist
Robert R. Bennett (born 1958), American businessman
Robert L. Bennett (1912–2002), Native American lawyer and official with the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Robert S. Bennett (1939–2023), President Bill Clinton's attorney
Robert W. Bennett (born 1941), American legal scholar and former dean of Northwestern University School of Law
Bob Bennett (bishop) (born 1949), Anglican bishop in Canada
Robert David Bennett (1875–1932), Australian criminal and sex offender
Robert Bennett (geographer) (born 1948), British geographer |
Robert Bennett | See also | See also
Bobby Bennett (disambiguation)
Robert Bennet (disambiguation)
Robert Benet, English Protestant martyr |
Robert Bennett | Table of Content | '''Robert''', Arts and entertainment, Music, Writing, Politics, Sports, Others, See also |
Category:State governments of the United States | Cat main | This category is for articles and categories on the governments of each of the individual states of the United States
To locate any government of a particular state, click on that state, or use the text links below.
United States
Government |
Category:State governments of the United States | Table of Content | Cat main |
Robert Frederick Bennett | short description | Robert Frederick Bennett (May 23, 1927 – October 9, 2000) was an American lawyer and the 39th governor of Kansas from 1975 to 1979. |
Robert Frederick Bennett | Biography | Biography
Bennett was born May 23, 1927, in Kansas City, Missouri. He married Joan Gregory, whom he met at Shawnee Mission Rural High School while participating in debate. They had four children: Robert F. (junior), Virginia L., Kathleen, and Patricia. He earned a B.A. in 1950 and a law degree in 1952 from the University of Kansas. He married a second time in 1971 to Olivia Fisher. |
Robert Frederick Bennett | Career | Career
Bennett served in the U.S. Marine Corps in China during World War II and he also served in the U. S. Marines again during the Korean War, was wounded and received a Purple Heart.
In 1952, Bennett began his own law firm with Robert Lytle. The firm continued for more than 40 years until it merged with Lathrop & Gage in the mid-1990s. He was a council member from 1955 to 1957 in Prairie Village. From 1957 to 1965, Bennett served as mayor of Prairie Village, Kansas (a suburb of Kansas City).
A member of the Kansas State Senate from 1965 to 1975, Bennett was known for his classic cowboy boots, cowboy hat, and beard. He was an eloquent speaker and would often send reporters scrambling for dictionaries. He was president of the state senate when he was elected to the governorship in 1974. This was the first election that candidates for governor and lieutenant governor ran as a team as well as for a four-year term rather than a two-year term. During his tenure, he reformed operations in the governor's office to make heads of state agencies more responsible to the governor. In 1978, he lost his re-election bid to John W. Carlin and returned to his own practice and home.
From 1982 to 1983, Bennett served as chair of the Kansas Republican Party. |
Robert Frederick Bennett | Death | Death
Bennett died October 9, 2000, of lung cancer at the St. Joseph's Medical Center in Kansas City and was buried in Corinth Cemetery in Prairie Village, Kansas. An avid hunter and fisherman, he was also a member of the American Bar Association, the American Judicature Society, the Freemasons, and the Optimist Club. |
Robert Frederick Bennett | References | References |
Robert Frederick Bennett | External links | External links
http://www.kansas.gov/
National Governors Association
Kansapedia
Publications concerning Kansas Governor Bennett's administration available via the KGI Online Library
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Category:1927 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Category:American Presbyterians
Category:Deaths from lung cancer in Missouri
Category:Republican Party governors of Kansas
Category:Kansas city council members
Category:Kansas lawyers
Category:Republican Party Kansas state senators
Category:Lawyers from Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Mayors of Prairie Village, Kansas
Category:Military personnel from Kansas
Category:Politicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Presidents of the Kansas Senate
Category:United States Marines
Category:University of Kansas alumni
Category:20th-century American lawyers
Category:20th-century mayors of places in Kansas
Category:20th-century members of the Kansas Legislature |
Robert Frederick Bennett | Table of Content | short description, Biography, Career, Death, References, External links |
File:Rainbow islands1.PNG | Description | Description
Rainbow Islands, arcade game screenshot taken via MAME. Second stage. </p> |
File:Rainbow islands1.PNG | Fair use in [[Rainbow Islands: The Story of Bubble Bobble 2]] | Fair use in Rainbow Islands: The Story of Bubble Bobble 2
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
Taito has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality.
The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way. |
File:Rainbow islands1.PNG | Table of Content | Description, Fair use in [[Rainbow Islands: The Story of Bubble Bobble 2]] |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Short description | James Colebrooke Patterson, PC (1839 – February 17, 1929) was a Canadian politician. He served as a federal cabinet minister from 1892 to 1895 and as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1895 to 1900. |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Early life | Early life
Patterson was born to a Protestant family in Armagh, Ireland, and was educated at Dublin. He moved to Canada in 1857 and entered the civil service, though he later resigned. He subsequently trained in law and was called to the bar in 1876. |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Political career | Political career
Patterson settled in the Windsor area and held a number of local offices (including a ten-year term as reeve of Windsor). In 1875, he was elected to the Ontario legislature as a Conservative, defeating independent candidate L. Montreuil by 1209 votes to 755 in the riding of Essex North.
In 1878, Patterson resigned his provincial seat to run for the federal House of Commons. He was elected in the riding of Essex, defeating Liberal William McGregor by 2596 votes to 2318.
Patterson became a backbench supporter of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald's government and was re-elected in the federal riding of Essex North in 1882 and 1887. On the former occasion, he defeated J.A. Kilroy by 1714 votes to 1022. On the latter, he defeated Liberal Francis Cleary by 2301 votes to 2165. He also served as president of the Ontario Conservative Union during a part of his time in parliament.
Patterson was defeated in the federal election of 1891, losing to William McGregor by 2892 votes to 2043. In spite of this, he was subsequently called into the cabinet of John Abbott, who became prime minister following Macdonald's death following the 1891 election. He was sworn in as Secretary of State of Canada on January 25, 1892, and was re-elected to parliament on February 22 (defeating Liberal Malcolm Colin Cameron by 25 votes in a Huron West by-election).
When John S.D. Thompson replaced Abbott as prime minister in late 1892, Patterson was transferred to the Ministry of Militia and Defence. He held this position until March 26, 1895 (aside from a nine-day gap in December 1894), having been retained in the position when Mackenzie Bowell replaced Thompson in mid-1894. He sought to bolster Canada's defensive capabilities and oversaw the construction of fortifications in Esquimalt, British Columbia. After stepping down from his ministry in March 1895, he served as a minister without portfolio.
Patterson resigned from cabinet entirely on September 1, 1895, to be sworn in as the new Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba. This was a period of upheaval in Manitoba's political culture, as the Manitoba Schools Question was in the last stages of its ongoing legal challenges. Patterson was responsible for overseeing the end of most state funding for Catholic and francophone schools, although it is not clear that he played a significant role in the matter. The lieutenant governor's position was largely ceremonial by this time. Patterson does not appear to have re-entered political life when his term ended in 1900.
In addition to his political career, Patterson was also involved in journalism. He was the founder of Canadian Magazine, a work meant to showcase Canada's literary culture. |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Legacy | Legacy
Patterson is commemorated by Paterson Street in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
J. C. Patterson Collegiate Institute in Windsor, Ontario was named after him. |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Electoral history | Electoral history |
James Colebrooke Patterson | References | References |
James Colebrooke Patterson | External links | External links
Ontario Parliamentary History
Manitoba Historical Society profile
Category:1839 births
Category:1929 deaths
Category:Lieutenant governors of Manitoba
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Category:People from Armagh (city)
Category:Politicians from Windsor, Ontario
Category:19th-century mayors of places in Ontario
Category:19th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
Category:19th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs |
James Colebrooke Patterson | Table of Content | Short description, Early life, Political career, Legacy, Electoral history, References, External links |
Nancy Farmer (politician) | short description | Nancy Farmer (born September 11, 1956) was the 43rd State Treasurer of Missouri, serving from 2001 to 2005.
Farmer was raised in Jacksonville, Illinois and graduated from Illinois College there in 1979.
She later moved to Missouri, where she joined the Democratic Party. She was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives, serving from 1993 to 1997. During her tenure in the state legislature, she served as chairwoman of the powerful Ways and Means Committee.
Appointed in 1997 as Assistant Treasurer under State Treasurer Bob Holden, Farmer was elected as State Treasurer of Missouri herself in November 2000. She was the first woman to hold both posts.
In 2004 she was unsuccessful in the 2004 United States Senate election in Missouri, running against incumbent Republican Kit Bond. |
Nancy Farmer (politician) | References | References
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Category:1956 births
Category:Illinois College alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Category:Politicians from St. Louis
Category:Politicians from Jacksonville, Illinois
Category:State treasurers of Missouri
Category:Women state legislators in Missouri
Category:21st-century Missouri politicians
Category:21st-century American women politicians
Category:20th-century members of the Missouri General Assembly
Category:20th-century American women politicians |
Nancy Farmer (politician) | Table of Content | short description, References |
Shut Up, Little Man! | Short description | thumb|right|alt=Shut Up Little Man|Poster for the 2010 documentary Shut Up Little Man! – An Audio Misadventure
Shut Up, Little Man! is the title of audio vérité recordings of two argumentative and violent alcoholics, Peter J. Haskett and Raymond Huffman in San Francisco. Bananafish magazine arranged for a commercial release of the tapes in 1992.
The recordings were made by "Eddie Lee Sausage" and "Mitchell D.", who lived in a bright pink apartment building at 237 Steiner Street (dubbed the "Pepto Bismol Palace") in San Francisco's Lower Haight district."Eddie Lee Sausage" interviewed by "Señor Stinky" in Fish Taco, March 2003. Eddie Lee and Mitchell moved into the apartment in 1987, and discovered that their neighbors, Haskett and Huffman, argued nearly constantly, with Peter often shouting "shut up, little man!" at Ray. Eddie and Mitchell began tape recording the arguments, and distributing copies among their friends. Eddie Lee and Mitchell sometimes goaded Ray and Peter with prank telephone calls.
In 1992, Huffman died of a heart attack brought on by colon cancer, pancreatitis, and alcoholism.Cothran, George; “Shut Up, Little Man”, SF Weekly, 2 August 1995. Haskett died in 1996 of liver problems due to alcoholism. |
Shut Up, Little Man! | Reception | Reception
The first Shut Up, Little Man! compact disc was released in early 1993. A number of other volumes were issued later. The recordings quickly gained a cult following, and were adapted into comic books, zines, a theatrical production and the 2001 independent film Shut Yer Dirty Little Mouth!, starring Gill Gayle and Glenn Shadix as Ray and Peter, respectively.
The recordings found fame far beyond San Francisco. Lee reports that: |
Shut Up, Little Man! | Documentary film | Documentary film
In 2011 a feature documentary called Shut Up Little Man! – An Audio Misadventure was selected for the 2011 Sundance Film Festival as part of the World Documentary section, where it had its world premiere.Official Sundance synopsis It was written and directed by Matthew Bate and produced by Sophie Hyde. According to Tony Newton—an on-and-off roommate of Haskett and Huffman—despite the near-constant vitriol and occasional physical violence, Peter and Ray were extremely close friends. They cooked for one another, took care of each other while they were sick, and one would often visit the other during hospital stays. |
Shut Up, Little Man! | Popular culture | Popular culture
This American Life (then known as Your Radio Playhouse) featured the recordings in a 1995 program titled "Quitting".
The band Devo had a side project, the Wipeouters, and on their only album there is a track titled "Shut Up, Little Man" using many samples of Ray and Peter.
San Francisco indie rock band the Thinking Fellers Union Local 282 sampled Peter and Raymond on their 1991 album "Lovelyville" and their song "Raymond H" appeared on their following album, Mother of All Saints.
Boston indie rock band Swirlies excerpted a snippet of Peter and Raymond's dialogue on their 1993 album Blonder Tongue Audio Baton.
Judy Hopps' noisy neighbors in the film Zootopia are inspired by Peter and Raymond.
An episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, "Banned in Bikini Bottom", features the phrases "you are a nuisance to my community", "…said this ninety times", and "cops, I need you!" In another episode, "Porous Pockets", SpongeBob says, "and I said, go ahead, let’s do it right now! I got too much hair, anyways." referring to what Raymond claims he told the police. In "The Algae's Always Greener", Mr. Krabs says to Plankton "you're just a dirty little man". In episode 17 of Season 5, Spongehenge Patrick says "I wanna watch something decent, like..." which may be a reference to the recording in which Raymond and Peter are arguing about what to watch on TV and Raymond says that exact line.
Songwriter Red Label Catharsis featured samples of Ray and Peter in the song "Black Label The Old Crow", which relates the dregs of alcoholism, from the 2006 release Chrystie.
On a commentary track for the animated series Mission Hill, creators Josh Weinstein and Bill Oakley claim that the characters Gus and Wally were based on Ray and Peter. |
Shut Up, Little Man! | References | References |
Shut Up, Little Man! | External links | External links
Shut Up Little Man: An Audio Misadventure Documentary Official Site (shutuplittlemanfilm Domain taken over)
Shut Yer Dirty Little Mouth (2002) (IMDb)
Category:Comedy albums by American artists
Category:Underground culture
Category:Works about alcoholism
Category:Privacy controversies
Category:Field recording |
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