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Egmont (electoral district) | Notes | Notes
Category:Prince Edward Island federal electoral districts
Category:Politics of Summerside, Prince Edward Island |
Egmont (electoral district) | Table of Content | short description, Demographics, Geography, History, Members of Parliament, Election results, 2025, 2021, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2000, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1974, 1972, 1968, Student vote results, 2011, See also, References, Notes |
Anadiplosis | Short description | Anadiplosis ( ; , anadΓplΕsis, "a doubling, folding up") is the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence, often to create climax. |
Anadiplosis | Examples | Examples
"For your brother and my sister no sooner met but they looked; no sooner looked but they loved; no sooner loved but they sighed; no sooner sighed but they asked one another the reason; no sooner knew the reason but they sought the remedy; and in these degrees have they made a pair of stairs to marriage." β Shakespeare, As You Like It, V, ii
"... how it was that people had lived in this place and in this place had died." β Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian
"What I present here is what I remember of the letter, and what I remember of the letter I remember verbatim (including that awful French)." βVladimir Nabokov, Lolita
Noust in the grass / grass in the wind / wind on the lark / lark for the sun / Sun through the sea / sea in the heart / heart in its noust / nothing is lost βJohn Glenday, Noust
"For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime, Young Lycidas and hath not left his peer." βJohn Milton, Lycidas
"Queeg: 'Aboard my ship, excellent performance is standard. Standard performance is sub-standard. Sub-standard performance is not permitted to exist. βHerman Wouk, The Caine Mutiny
"Mine be thy love, and thy love's use their treasure." βShakespeare, Sonnet 20
"Having power makes [totalitarian leadership] isolated; isolation breeds insecurity; insecurity breeds suspicion and fear; suspicion and fear breed violence." βZbigniew Brzezinski, The Permanent Purge: Politics in Soviet Totalitarianism
"The years to come seemed waste of breath, / A waste of breath the years behind" β William Butler Yeats, "An Irish Airman Foresees His Death"
βYour beliefs become your thoughts, your thoughts become your words, your words become your actions, your actions become your habits, your habits become your values, your values become your destiny.β
"Turn the lights out now / Now I'll take you by the hand / Hand you another drink / Drink it if you can / Can you spend a little time? / Time is slipping away / Away from us so stay / Stay with me I can make / Make you glad you came" β The Wanted, "Glad You Came"
"I love her! Isn't that a wonder? / I wonder why I didn't want her? / I want her! that's the thing that matters! / And matters are improving daily!" β Sheldon Harnick, "She Loves Me"
"Hard times create strong men. Strong men create good times. Good times create weak men. And weak men create hard times." β Michael Hopf, Those Who Remain
"Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering. I sense much fear in you." Yoda - Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace |
Anadiplosis | See also | See also
Antati, a form of Tamil poetry that relies upon anadiplosis
Antimetabole
Epanalepsis
Figure of speech |
Anadiplosis | References | References
Corbett, Edward P.J. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. Oxford University Press, New York, 1971.
|
Anadiplosis | External links | External links
Audio illustrations of anadiplosis
Category:Figures of speech |
Anadiplosis | Table of Content | Short description, Examples, See also, References, External links |
Bertram Thomas | Short description | thumb|Bertram Thomas riding on his favorite camel "khawarah" during his trip from Sohar to Sharjah in 1927
Bertram Sidney Thomas (13 June 1892Β β 27 December 1950) was an English diplomat and explorer who is the first documented Westerner to cross the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter). He was also a scientist who practiced craniofacial anthropometry.Explore Saudi Arabia. "Bertram Thomas 1892-1950." 26 September 2007 |
Bertram Thomas | Biography | Biography
Bertram Thomas was born in Pill near Bristol and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.
After working for the Civil Service in the General Post Office, he served in Belgium during World War I. He was commissioned in the Somerset Light Infantry in January 1916 and served in Mesopotamia (now Iraq) between 1916 and 1918. He worked as an Assistant Political Officer in this country from 1918 to 1922, and Assistant British Representative in Transjordan (now Jordan), from 1922 to 1924. He was appointed as Finance Minister and Wazir to Taimur bin Feisal, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (now Oman), a post he held from 1925 to 1932. In this capacity, he undertook a number of expeditions into the desert, and became the first European to cross the Rub' al Khali guided by Bedouin of the Rashid tribe, from 1930 and 1931, a journey he recounted in Arabia Felix (1932), in which he described this desert's animals, inhabitants, and culture.
Besides Arabia Felix, Thomas wrote several other books, including The Arabs: The Epic Life Story of a People Who Have Left Their Deep Impress on the World (London: T. Butterworth, 1930; Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., Inc., 1937).
During World War II, Thomas headed the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies in Jerusalem, where British Army officers were taught Arabic language and culture.
He returned to England and died in the house in which he was born, in 1950 aged 58.
Two species of Omani reptiles are named in his honor, Platyceps thomasi and Uromastyx thomasi.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Thomas, B.", p. 265). |
Bertram Thomas | Awards | Awards
He was awarded the OBE in 1920 and CMG in 1949. In 1932 he was also awarded the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. One of the Society's most prestigious awards, it is offered for outstanding service of a humanitarian nature with a clear geographical dimension. |
Bertram Thomas | Film about Bertram Thomas | Film about Bertram Thomas
A recent film called Crossing the Empty Quarter was created by the Anglo-Oman Society's Chairman, Richard MuirΒ β the ex-Ambassador to OmanΒ β from footage taken by Thomas on his journey, and photographs from the Library of the Oriental Institute in Cambridge. |
Bertram Thomas | Bibliography | Bibliography
Arabia Felix (1932)
The Arabs: The Epic Life Story of a People Who Have Left Their Deep Impress on the World (London: T. Butterworth, 1930; Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., Inc., 1937) |
Bertram Thomas | References | References
Category:1892 births
Category:1950 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Category:Civil servants in the General Post Office
Category:British colonial political officers
Category:English explorers
Category:English travel writers
Category:Explorers of Arabia
Category:Explorers of Asia
Category:People from North Somerset (district)
Category:Somerset Light Infantry officers
Category:British Army General List officers
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal
Category:Military personnel from Somerset |
Bertram Thomas | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Awards, Film about Bertram Thomas, Bibliography, References |
Snipe (disambiguation) | wiktionary | A snipe is a wading bird.
Snipe may also refer to:
Woodcock |
Snipe (disambiguation) | People | People
Snipe (rapper) (active 2007β2008), from New Orleans
Snipe Conley (1894β1978), baseball pitcher
Snipe Hansen (1907β1978), baseball pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies and St. Louis Browns |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Places | Places
Snipe, Texas, a town in the US
Outpost Snipe, a World War II location in the Second Battle of El Alamein
Snipe, an islet between Chile and Argentina; see Snipe incident |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Technology and transportation | Technology and transportation
Snipe (dinghy), a class of racing sailboat
Snipe (wood machining), an unwanted deeper cut at the end of a board
Snipe Diamond, a 1980s British ultralight aircraft
Globe KDG Snipe, an American target drone
Humber Snipe, a British automobile produced 1930β1940 and 1945β1948
Humber Super Snipe, a British automobile produced 1938β1967
Sopwith Snipe, a World War I biplane fighter |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Marketing | Marketing
Snipe (graphic), an overlay ad appearing during a TV program
Snipe (theatrical), film (non-trailer) or other promotional material used in movie theaters |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Fictional characters | Fictional characters
Snipe (My Hero Academia), a manga series character
The Snipe, one of the Titans in the video game Crash of the Titans |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Other uses | Other uses
"Snipe" (song), a 2009 J-pop song by Kotoko
Snipe, the fictional target of a snipe hunt, a class of practical jokes
Snipe incident, a 1958 military incident between Chile and Argentina in the Snipe Islet |
Snipe (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Snipe Fly, insects in the order Diptera, genus Rhagionidae
Auction sniping, a strategy of placing a winning bid at the last possible moment
Snipes (disambiguation)
Sniper (disambiguation)
Snape (disambiguation) |
Snipe (disambiguation) | Table of Content | wiktionary, People, Places, Technology and transportation, Marketing, Fictional characters, Other uses, See also |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | short description | Carlos James Lozada (September 6, 1946 β November 20, 1967) was a member of the United States Army who was one of five Puerto Ricans who received the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War. |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Early years | Early years
Lozada was born in Caguas, Puerto Rico. He graduated from high school in 1966 and soon married. Lozada then joined the United States Army.Puerto Rico Herald |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Vietnam War | Vietnam War
The United States at that time was involved in the Vietnam War and on June 11, 1967, Lozada was sent to Vietnam and assigned to Co. A, 2nd Battalion, 503 Infantry, 173rd Airborne Brigade.
Lozada's unit was heavily engaged during the Battle of Dak To. On November 20, 1967, PFC Lozada spotted a North Vietnamese Army company rapidly approaching his outpost. He alerted his comrades and opened fire with a machine gun, killing at least twenty of the enemy soldiers and disrupting their initial attack. He realized that if he abandoned his position there would be nothing to hold back the surging North Vietnamese soldiers and his entire company withdrawal would be jeopardized β as a result he told his comrades to move to the back and that he would supply cover for them. He continued to deliver a heavy and accurate volume of suppressive fire against the enemy until he was mortally wounded and had to be carried during the withdrawal.
Lozada was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in December 1969. |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Medal of Honor citation | Medal of Honor citation
right|thumb|El Monumento de la RecordaciΓ³n
File:Combat Infantry Badge.svgΒ 100px
BadgeCombat Infantryman Badge1st RowMedal of HonorPurple Heart2nd RowNational Defense Service MedalVietnam Service Medal with one bronze service starVietnam Campaign MedalBadgeParachutist Badge |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Honors | Honors
He was buried with full military honors at Long Island National Cemetery in Farmingdale, NY, in Section T, Site 2295.
The Bronx honored him by naming a playground in his honor located behind 175 Willis Ave.
A fitness center at Fort Campbell was named in his honor.
On 11 November 2008, the Government of Puerto Rico unveiled in the Capitol Rotunda the oil portrait of PFC Carlos James Lozada. |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | See also | See also
List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican military personnel
Puerto Rican recipients of the Medal of Honor
List of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | References | References |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Further reading | Further reading
Puertorriquenos Who Served With Guts, Glory, and Honor. Fighting to Defend a Nation Not Completely Their Own; by : Greg Boudonck; |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | External links | External links
Category:1946 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:People from Caguas, Puerto Rico
Category:Puerto Rican recipients of the Medal of Honor
Category:Puerto Rican Army personnel
Category:United States Army soldiers
Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Category:Burials at Long Island National Cemetery
Category:Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Category:United States Army personnel killed in the Vietnam War |
Carlos Lozada (Medal of Honor) | Table of Content | short description, Early years, Vietnam War, Medal of Honor citation, Honors, See also, References, Further reading, External links |
Anthony Caro | Short description | Sir Anthony Alfred Caro (8 March 192423 October 2013) was an English abstract sculptor whose work is characterised by assemblages of metal using 'found' and industrial objects. He began as a member of the modernist school, having worked with Henry Moore early in his career. He was lauded as the greatest British sculptor of his generation. |
Anthony Caro | Early life and education | Early life and education
Anthony Caro was born in New Malden, Surrey, England to a Jewish family and was the youngest of three children.
When Caro was three, his father, a stockbroker, moved the family to a farm in Churt, Surrey. Caro was educated at Charterhouse School, where his housemaster introduced him to British sculptor Charles Wheeler. During holidays, he studied at the Farnham School of Art (now the University for the Creative Arts) and worked in Wheeler's studio
When he left school he spent a brief period in an architect's office in Guildford drawing plans, which he did not take to, so his father suggested he study engineering. He later earned a degree in engineering at Christ's College, Cambridge.
In 1946, after time in the Royal Navy, he studied sculpture at the Regent Street Polytechnic before pursuing further studies at the Royal Academy Schools from 1947 until 1952. |
Anthony Caro | Work | Work
thumb|left|240px|Black Cover Flat (1974), steel, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
Anthony Caro encountered modernism at art school, and when working as a studio assistant to Henry Moore from 1951-53. In 1955 he exhibited two sculptures in the group exhibition New Painters and Painter-Sculptors at the Institute of Contemporary Art, London and in 1956 he had his first solo show at Galleria del Naviglio in Milan.
In 1959 Caro was awarded a Ford Foundation scholarship to undertake a research trip to the United States of America, which radically changed his approach to sculpture. During this trip he met the critic Clement Greenberg, as well as the colour field painters Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler and Robert Motherwell, for the first time. After being introduced to the American sculptor David Smith, he abandoned his earlier figurative work and started constructing sculptures by welding or bolting together pieces of steel such as I-beams, steel plates and meshes. Twenty Four Hours (1960), in Tate Britain since 1975, is one of his earliest abstract sculptures in painted steel. Often the finished piece was then painted in a bold flat colour.
Caro found international success in the late 1950s. He is often credited with the significant innovation of removing the sculpture from its plinth, although Smith and BrΓ’ncuΘi had both previously taken steps in the same direction. Caro's sculptures are usually self-supporting and sit directly on the floor. In doing so, they remove a barrier between the work and the viewer, who is invited to approach and interact with the sculpture from all sides.
In 1963 Caro moved to Bennington, Vermont, where he made a prolific body of abstract, brightly coloured sculptures, including Slow Movement (1965), which is now part of the Arts Council Collection. In 1964 he opened his first exhibition in New York at the Andre Emmerich Gallery, showcasing these bold new works.
From 1970 onwards, Caro began to make sculptures in rusted, then varnished or waxed, steel. In 1972 he made a significant series of sculptures at Ripamonte Factory in Veduggio, which included fourteen new works in soft edge roll end steel. This way of working continued, and from 1974-1976 Caro worked at York Steel Company Factory in Toronto, where he produced 37 large-scale sculptures later known as the Flats series.
In 1978, Caro was commissioned to design a sculpture for architect I M Pei's new East Wing building of the National Gallery, Washington, DC. This sculpture, National Gallery Ledge Piece (1978), was architectural in scale and installed in situ.
In 1980, Caro was trying to organise an exhibition of British abstract art in South African townships when he met Robert Loder. In 1981, when staying in New York State, the pair, alongside curator Terry Fenton and painter and wife of Caro Sheila Girling, developed the idea of running workshops for professional artists, which became the Triangle Arts Trust. They held the first Triangle workshop in 1982 for thirty sculptors and painters from the US, the UK and Canada at Pine Plains, New York.
Caro's work changed direction in the 1980s with the introduction of more literal elements, with a series of figures drawn from classical Greece. After visiting Greece in 1985, and closely studying classical friezes, he embarked on a series of large-scale narrative works, including After Olympia, a panorama more than long, inspired by the temple to Zeus at Olympia. Latterly he has attempted large scale installation pieces, one of which, Sea Music, stands on the quay at Poole, Dorset.
To mark the millennium, Caro worked with British architects Foster + Partners and engineers Arup to design the Millennium Bridge. The bridge opened in June 2000 and 100,000 people crossed it in the first weekend, causing more lateral movement than expected. As a result, extensive research was undertaken into the cause - synchronised pedestrian footfall - resulting in changes to codes for bridge building worldwide.
In the early 2000s, his work featured nearly life-size equestrian figures built from fragments of wood and terra cotta on gymnasts' vaulting horses. In 2008, Caro opened his "Chapel of Light" installation in the Saint Jean-Baptiste Church of Bourbourg (France), and exhibited four figurative head sculptures at the National Portrait Gallery, London. In 2011 the Metropolitan Museum of Art installed five works by Caro on their rooftop. As of 2012, Caro was working on an immense, multipart sculpture that would occupy three blocks of Midtown Park Avenue. |
Anthony Caro | Teaching | Teaching
thumb|Dream City (1996), rusting steel, at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park
Caro was also a tutor at Saint Martin's School of Art in London, inspiring a younger generation of British abstract sculptors, led by former students and assistants including Phillip King, Tim Scott, William G. Tucker, Peter Hide, and Richard Deacon; as well as a reaction group including Bruce McLean, Barry Flanagan, Richard Long, David Hall and Gilbert & George. He and several former students were asked to join the seminal 1966 show at the Jewish Museum in New York entitled, Primary Structures representing the British influence on the "New Art". Caro taught at Bennington College from 1963 to 1965, along with painter Jules Olitski and sculptor David Smith. |
Anthony Caro | Architecture and design | Architecture and design
Caro also collaborated with celebrated architects, notably Frank Gehry, with whom he constructed a wooden village in New York in 1987. With Norman Foster and the engineer Chris Wise, he designed the London Millennium Footbridge spanning the Thames between St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tate Modern. |
Anthony Caro | Exhibitions | Exhibitions
thumb|National Gallery Ledge Piece, 1978, welded steel, by Anthony Caro
Since the 1950s, Caro's work has been shown in museums and galleries worldwide.
His first solo exhibition was at the Galleria del Naviglio in Milan in 1956, and his first solo show in London was at the Gimpel Fils Gallery the next year. Another solo show was a pivotal exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1963. In 1967 Caro began exhibiting regularly with Kasmin in London, and in 1969, he began showing with AndrΓ© Emmerich in New York. In the same year he showed at the SΓ£o Paulo Biennale with John Hoyland. In 2004, to honour his 80th birthday, Tate Britain and Kenwood House held exhibitions of his work.
Caro's museum exhibitions include "Anthony Caro: A Retrospective" at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1975, travelled to Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston); "Anthony Caro", Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (1995); "Anthony Caro", Tate Britain, London (2005); three museums in Pas-de-Calais, France (2008), to accompany the opening of his Chapel of Light at Bourbourg; and "Anthony Caro on the Roof", Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (2011). In 2012 the Yale Center for British Art presented "Caro: Close Up".
From 1 June to 27 October 2013 in connection with the 55th Venice Biennale, he exhibited at the Museo Correr, Venice, Italy. The exhibit was on at the time of his death. |
Anthony Caro | Recognition | Recognition
Caro was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1969 New Year Honours.United Kingdom list: He was knighted in the 1987 Birthday Honours and received the Order of Merit in May 2000.United Kingdom list: He was awarded many prizes, including the Praemium Imperiale for Sculpture in Tokyo in 1992 and the Lifetime Achievement Award for Sculpture in 1997. |
Anthony Caro | Personal life | Personal life
In 1949, Caro married the painter Sheila Girling and they had two sons together: Timothy (born 1951), a zoologist; and Paul (born 1958), a painter. |
Anthony Caro | Death | Death
Caro was 89 when he died of a heart attack on 23 October 2013. He was lauded as a "gentle man with a pioneering spirit" by BBC arts editor Will Gompertz and "one of the greatest sculptors in the second half of the twentieth century" by Royal Academy of Arts chief executive Charles Saumarez Smith. He is buried in the churchyard of Worth Matravers, Dorset. |
Anthony Caro | References | References |
Anthony Caro | Further reading | Further reading
Barker, Ian, Anthony Caro: Quest for the New Sculpture (Aldershot: Lund Humphries, 2004) .
Reid, Mary, Anthony Caro: Drawing in Space (Farnham: Lund Humphries, 2009) .
Wilkin, Karen, Anthony Caro: Interior and Exterior (Farnham: Lund Humphries, 2009) .
Julius Bryant, Julius, Anthony Caro: Figurative and Narrative Sculpture (Farnham: Lund Humphries, 2009) .
Westley Smith, H.F., Anthony Caro: Small Sculptures (Farnham, Lund Humphries, 2010) .
Moorhouse, Paul, Anthony Caro: Presence (Farnham, Lund Humphries, 2010) .
Saunders, Wade, Anthony Caro Recent Sculptures (Baltimore, C. Grimaldis Gallery, 1987).
Millard, Charles, Anthony Caro Works of the 1980s (Baltimore, C. Grimaldis Gallery, 1989).
Payton, Neal, "Anthony Caro Sculpture: Towards Architecture, Recent Bronzes" (Baltimore, C. Grimaldis Gallery, 1994) ASIN B0006RO25G.
Adams, Virginia K., "Anthony Caro A Survey" (Baltimore, C. Grimaldis Gallery, 2004) ASIN B003X59K3C.
Anthony Caro in the National Gallery of Australia's Kenneth Tyler Collection |
Anthony Caro | External links | External links
Discussion of Early One Morning by Janina Ramirez and Alastair Sooke: Art Detective Podcast, 04 Jan 2017
Category:1924 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:Academics of Saint Martin's School of Art
Category:Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts
Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Category:Alumni of the University of Westminster
Category:English male sculptors
Category:Knights Bachelor
Category:British modern sculptors
Category:Members of the Order of Merit
Category:People educated at Charterhouse School
Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
Category:Royal Academicians
Category:English Sephardi Jews
Category:20th-century English sculptors
Category:English contemporary artists
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II |
Anthony Caro | Table of Content | Short description, Early life and education, Work, Teaching, Architecture and design, Exhibitions, Recognition, Personal life, Death, References, Further reading, External links |
Papilio zelicaon | Short description | Papilio zelicaon, the anise swallowtail, is a common swallowtail butterfly of western North America. Both the upper and lower sides of its wings are black, but the upper wing has a broad yellow stripe across it, giving the butterfly an overall yellow appearance. There are striking blue spots on the rear edge of the rear wing, and the characteristic tails of the swallowtails. Its wingspan is . Its body is somewhat shorter than the rather similar western tiger swallowtail, with which its range overlaps; it also lacks the black stripes, converging toward the tail, of the latter. There is a somewhat darker subspecies, P. z. nitra, which is rare throughout the range, though somewhat more often found at lower elevations. |
Papilio zelicaon | Description | Description
The anise swallowtail has a wingspan ranging from . Wings are mostly yellow, with black bands along the edges of both the forewings and hindwings. They are distinguished from tiger swallowtail butterflies by being smaller in size and lacking the vertical black striping patterns. There are yellowish-orange to red eyespots near the tails of each wing, each containing a black pupil. The body is predominantly black, with yellow stripes running laterally along the abdomen. |
Papilio zelicaon | Distribution | Distribution
The anise swallowtail is a butterfly of fairly open country, and is most likely to be seen on bare hills or mountains, in fields or at the roadside. It is often seen in towns, in gardens or vacant lots.
The usual range of the anise swallowtail extends from British Columbia and North Dakota at its northern extreme, south to the Baja California Peninsula and other parts of Mexico.
It is occasionally reported from the southeastern United States, but its normal range does not extend east of New Mexico. In all the more northerly parts of the range, the chrysalis hibernates. |
Papilio zelicaon | Life cycle | Life cycle
thumb|right|Mating
Adult females lay eggs singly on the undersides of host plant leaves. In the first two instars, the caterpillar is dark brown, almost black, with an irregular white band at its middle. After that, it becomes more green at each successive molt until, in the fifth (last) instar, it is predominantly green, with markings in black, orange, and light blue. Its major food plants are members of the carrot family, Apiaceae (including fennel), and also some members of the citrus family, Rutaceae. Like all swallowtail caterpillars, if disturbed, it will suddenly evert bright orange osmeteria (or "stinkhorns") from just behind its head, glandular structures which give off a foul odor. The caterpillar grows to around 5Β cm in length before forming a chrysalis, which is brown or green and about 3Β cm long.
The anise swallowtail pupa looks like a thick branch coming off of the larval host plant. The top of the pupa extends slightly from the plant, held by strong silk. This is where the adult butterfly emerges. |
Papilio zelicaon | References | References
zelicaon
Category:Butterflies of North America
Category:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Category:Butterflies described in 1852
Category:Taxa named by Hippolyte Lucas
Category:Lepidoptera of Mexico
Category:Lepidoptera of the United States
Category:Lepidoptera of Canada |
Papilio zelicaon | Table of Content | Short description, Description, Distribution, Life cycle, References |
Bengal bush lark | Short description | The Bengal bush lark (Plocealauda assamica) or Bengal lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae found in southern Asia. |
Bengal bush lark | Taxonomy and systematics | Taxonomy and systematics
The Bengal bush lark was formerly placed in the genus Mirafra. It is one of five species moved to a newly erected genus, Plocealauda, based on evidence from a large molecular genetic study published in 2023. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
The Bengal bush lark was earlier classified into several races, the Bengal race assamica and the Madras race affinis. These were subsequently split, on the basis of diagnostic song and display characters, into the Jerdon's bush lark (Mirafra affinis) and assamica in the strict sense. Formerly, both the Burmese bush lark and Jerdon's bush lark were considered subspecies of the Bengal bush lark (as M. a. microptera and M. a. affinis respectively) until split to form a separate species. The alternate name "rufous-winged bush lark" may also be used to describe the red-winged lark. Another alternate name for the Bengal bush lark is the rufous-winged lark. |
Bengal bush lark | Description | Description
The Bengal bush lark is short-tailed and has a strong stout bill. It is not as long as the skylark, measuring about 15 centimetres in length. It is dark-streaked grey above, and buff below, with spotting on the breast and behind the eye. The wings are rufous.
The song is a repetition of thin disyllabic notes, delivered in a song-flight. |
Bengal bush lark | Distribution and habitat | Distribution and habitat
The Bengal bush lark is a resident breeder in the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia, and found in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Nepal, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000-1,000,000 square kilometres.
It is a common bird of dry, open, stony country often with sparse shrubs, and cultivated areas. |
Bengal bush lark | Behaviour and ecology | Behaviour and ecology
It nests on the ground, laying three or four speckled eggs. This lark feeds primarily on seeds and insects, especially the latter during the breeding season. |
Bengal bush lark | Gallery | Gallery |
Bengal bush lark | References | References |
Bengal bush lark | External links | External links
Species factsheet - BirdLife International
Category:Plocealauda
Category:Birds of Bhutan
Category:Birds of India
Category:Birds of Nepal
Category:Birds of Bangladesh
Category:Birds described in 1840 |
Bengal bush lark | Table of Content | Short description, Taxonomy and systematics, Description, Distribution and habitat, Behaviour and ecology, Gallery, References, External links |
Effeminite | # | Redirect Effeminacy |
Effeminite | Table of Content | # |
Palouse | Short description | The Palouse ( ) is a distinct geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century.
The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities: the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just apart, both schools opened in the early 1890s. |
Palouse | Geography and history | Geography and history
thumb|Palouse hills south of the UI Arboretum in Moscow, Idaho
The origin of the name "Palouse" is unclear. One theory is that the name of the Palus tribe (spelled in early accounts variously as Palus, Palloatpallah, Pelusha, etc.) was converted by French-Canadian fur traders to the more familiar French word , meaning "land with short and thick grass" or "lawn." Over time, the spelling changed to Palouse. Another theory is that the region's name came from the French word and was later applied to its indigenous inhabitants.
Traditionally, the Palouse region was defined as the fertile hills and prairies north of the Snake River, which separated it from Walla Walla County, and north of the Clearwater River, which separated it from the Camas Prairie, extending north along the Washington and Idaho border, south of Spokane, centered on the Palouse River. This region underwent a settlement and wheat-growing boom during the 1880s, part of a larger process of growing wheat in southeast Washington, originally pioneered in Walla Walla County south of the Snake River.Meinig, p. 467.
While this definition of the Palouse remains common today, the term is sometimes used to refer to the entire wheat-growing region, including Walla Walla County, the Camas Prairie of Idaho, the Big Bend region of the central Columbia River Plateau, and other smaller agricultural districts such as Asotin County, Washington, and Umatilla County, Oregon. This larger definition is used by organizations such as the World Wide Fund for Nature, who define the Palouse Grasslands ecoregion broadly.
thumb|left|upright|Farm in Whitman County
The community of Palouse, Washington, is located in Whitman County, about west of Potlatch, Idaho.
Nevertheless, the traditional definition of the Palouse region is distinct from the older Walla Walla region south of the Snake River, where dryland farming of wheat was first proved viable in the region in the 1860s. During the 1870s, the Walla Walla region was rapidly converted to farmland, while the initial experiments in growing wheat began in the Palouse region, which previously had been the domain of cattle and sheep ranching. When those trials proved more than successful, a minor land rush quickly filled the Palouse region with farmers during the 1880s. The simultaneous proliferation of railroads only increased the rapid settlement of the Palouse. By 1890 nearly all the Palouse lands had been taken up and converted to wheat farming.Meinig, pg. 510.
Unlike the Walla Walla Country, which was solidly anchored on the city of Walla Walla, the Palouse region saw the rise of at least four centers, all within several miles of each other: Colfax (the oldest), Palouse, Pullman, and on the Idaho side, Moscow. These four centers, along with at least ten lesser ones, resulted in a diffuse pattern of rural centers, relative to the centralized Walla Walla CountryMeinig, pg. 333.
Cities along the borders of the Palouse, and by some definitions included within it, include Lewiston, Idaho, serving the Camas Prairie farmlands; Ritzville, serving the eastern edge of the Big Bend Country; and Spokane, the region's major urban hub. So dominant was Spokane's position that it became known as the capital of the Inland Empire, including all the wheat-producing regions, the local mining districts, and lumber-producing forests. Spokane also served as the region's main railroad and transportation hub.
By 1910, although local terms like Palouse, Walla Walla Country, Big Bend, Umatilla Country, and Camas Prairie continued to be common, many people of the region began to regard themselves as living in the Inland Empire, the Wheat Belt, the Columbia Basin, or simply Eastern Washington, Oregon, or North Idaho.Meinig, pg. 406. |
Palouse | Farming | Farming
Early farming was extremely labor-intensive and relied heavily on human and horse-power. An organized harvesting/threshing team in the 1920s required 120 men and 320 mules and horses.Williams, K.R. 1991. Hills of gold: a history of wheat production technologies in the Palouse region of Washington and Idaho. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman. Teams moved from farm to farm as the crops ripened. By this point, the combine had been invented and was in use, but few farmers had enough horses to pull such a machine, which required a crew of 40 horses and six men to operate on level ground. Because of this, use of combines on the Palouse lagged behind use in other farming communities in the United States.
It was only when the Idaho Harvester Company in Moscow began to manufacture a smaller machine that combine harvesting became feasible. By 1930, 90% of all Palouse wheat was harvested using combines.
The next step in mechanization was development of the tractor. As with the combines, the first steam engine and gasoline-powered tractors were too heavy and awkward for use on the steep Palouse hills. The smaller, general use tractors introduced in the 1920s were only marginally used. As a result, by 1930, only 20% of Palouse farmers used tractors. Today, the Palouse region is the most important lentil-growing region in the USA. |
Palouse | Geology | Geology
The peculiar and picturesque loess hills which characterize the Palouse Prairie are underlain by wind-blown sediments of the Palouse Loess that covers the surface of over on the Columbia Plateau in southeastern Washington, western Idaho, and northeastern Oregon. The Palouse Loess forms a fine-grained mantle of variable thickness that lies upon either the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group, non-glacial Pliocene fluvial sediments of the Ringold Formation, or Pleistocene glacial outburst flood sediments that are known informally as the Hanford formation. At its thickest, the Palouse Loess is up to thick. It consists of multiple layers of loess separated by multiple well-defined calcrete paleosols and erosional unconformities. The degree of development of individual layers of calcrete together with thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence dating of the loess indicate that each calcrete layer represents a period of thousands to tens of thousands of years of nondeposition, weathering, and soil development that occurred between episodic periods of loess deposition. A consistent sequence of normal-reverse-normal polarity signatures demonstrates that the older layers of loess accumulated between 2 and 1 million years ago. Detailed optically stimulated luminescence dating has shown that the uppermost layer of Palouse Loess accumulated between 15,000 years ago and modern times and the layer of loess underlying it accumulated episodically between about 77,000 and 16,000 years ago. Regional trends in the distribution, thickness, texture, and overall composition of the Palouse Loess indicate that it largely consists of the wind-blown sediments eroded from fine-grained deposits of the Hanford formation that were periodically deposited by repeated Missoula Floods within the Eureka Flats area.Busacca, A.J., 1989. Long Quaternary record in eastern Washington, U.S.A., interpreted from multiple buried paleosols in loess. Geoderma. 45:105-122.Busacca, AJ, and EV McDonald (1994) Regional sedimentation of late Quaternary loess on the Columbia plateau: sediment source areas and loess distribution patterns. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin. 80:181-190.Gaylord, DR, AJ Busacca, and MR Sweeney (2003) The Palouse loess and the Channeled Scabland: A paired Ice-Age geologic system. In Quaternary Geology of the United States, INQUA 2003 Field Guide Volume. DJ Easterbrook, ed., pp. 123-134. Reno, Nevada: Desert Research Institute.
Although superficially resembling sand or other types of dunes, the loess hills of the Palouse are of far different origin. Internally, they lack any evidence of cross-bedding or erosion of interbedded layers of loess and calcrete that characterize dunes formed by moving currents. Instead, these hills consist of alternating layers of loess and calcrete that are more or less concordant with the modern surface of these hills. This layering demonstrates that the Palouse hills loess accumulated from the airfall of wind-silt from suspension. In addition, the ubiquitous homogenization of the loess by innumerable plant roots and insect burrows as it accumulated further supports the conclusion drawn from numerous thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence dates that individual layers of loess accumulated over an extended period of time in terms of thousands of years. Finally, the calcrete horizons are paleosols that represent the periodic cessation of loess accumulation for periods of thousands of years during which they formed within the surface of a loess layer.Lewis, PF (1960) Linear Topography in the Southwestern Palouse, Washington-Oregon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 50(2):98-111. |
Palouse | Environment | Environment
Once an extensive prairie composed of mid-length perennial grasses such as bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), today virtually all of the Palouse Prairie has been plowed or overrun by non-native species such as cheatgrass. The native prairie is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States (Noss et al. 1995), as only a little over one percent of the original prairie still exists. The only large preserved patches of this ecosystem left are found in Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and in the southern portion of Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area.
Riparian areas offer breeding habitat for a greater diversity of birds than any other habitat in the U.S. (Ratti and Scott 1991). Loss of trees and shrubs along stream corridors means fewer birds and eventually fewer species. The majority of riparian areas have been lost across the bioregion.
Lately, conversion of agricultural lands to suburban homesites on large plots invites a new suite of biodiversity onto the Palouse Prairie. University of Idaho wildlife professor J. Ratti documented changes in bird community composition over a 10-year period as he converted a wheat field into a suburban wildlife refuge. As of 1991, his yard attracted 86 species of birds, an increase from 18 (Ratti and Scott 1991). |
Palouse | Ecological transformation | Ecological transformation
As population grew, towns and cities appeared changing the complexion of the area. By 1910, there were 22,000 people scattered in 30 communities across the Palouse Prairie.
Intensification of agriculture has affected both water quantity and quality. Agriculture has changed the hydrology, increasing peak runoff flows and shortening the length of runoff. The result is more intense erosion and loss of perennial prairie streams. As early as the 1930s soil scientists were noting significant downcutting of regional rivers (Victor 1935) and expansion of channel width. Higher, faster runoff caused streams to downcut quickly, effectively lowering the water table in immediately adjacent meadows. On the South Palouse River, this process was so efficient that by 1900 farming was possible where it had been too wet previously (Victor 1935). Replacement of perennial grasses with annual crops resulted in more overland flow and less infiltration, which translates at a watershed level to higher peak flows that subside more quickly than in the past. Once perennial prairie streams are now often dry by mid-summer. This has undoubtedly influenced the amphibious and aquatic species.
Crop production increased dramatically (200β400%) after the introduction of fertilizer following World War II.
thumb|left|Farmland on the Palouse
Since 1900, 94% of the grasslands and 97% of the wetlands in the Palouse ecoregion have been converted to crop, hay, or pasture lands. Approximately 63% of the lands in forest cover in 1900 are still forested, 9% are grass, and 7% are regenerating forestlands or shrublands. The remaining 21% of previously forested lands have been converted to agriculture or urban areas.
The impacts of domestic grazers on the grasslands of the Palouse and Camas Prairies was transitory because much of the areas were rapidly converted to agriculture. However, the canyonlands of the Snake and Clearwater rivers and their tributaries with their much shallower soils, steep topography, and hotter, drier climate, were largely unsuitable for crop production and were consequently used for a much longer period by grazing domestic animals (Tisdale 1986). There, intense grazing and other disturbances have resulted in irreversible changes with the native grasses largely replaced by annual grasses of the genus Bromus and noxious weeds, particularly from the genus Centaurea. The highly competitive plants of both of these genera evolved under similar climatic regimes in Eurasia and were introduced to the U.S. in the late 19th century.
With the adoption of no-till farming practices in the Palouse region in the early 2000s, the negative environmental impact of agriculture has visibly decreased. |
Palouse | Fauna | Fauna
The Palouse boasts a large number of animal species. Some animals in the region include both mule and white-tailed deer, coyotes, bobcats, California quails, yellow-bellied marmots, and red-tailed hawks. |
Palouse | Fires | Fires
While there is some debate over how frequently the Palouse prairie burned historically, there is consensus that fires are generally less frequent today than in the past, primarily due to fire suppression, construction of roads (which serve as barriers to fire spread) and conversion of grass and forests to cropland (Morgan et al. 1996). Historians recount lightning-ignited fires burning in the pine fringes bordering the prairies in late autumn, but the extent to which forest fires spread into the prairie or the converse is not known. Some fire ecologists believe the Nez Perce burned the Palouse and Camas Prairies to encourage growth of Camas (Morgan, pers. comm.); but there is little historical record to solve the mystery. European-American settlers used fire to clear land for settlement and grazing until the 1930s. Since then, forest fires have become less common. One result has been increasing tree density on forested lands and encroachment of shrubs and trees into previously open areas. Consequently, when fires occur in the forest, they are more likely to result in mixed severity or stand replacing events. |
Palouse | See also | See also
Palouse, Washington
Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War (Palouse War)
Palus people
Appaloosa
Battle of the Palouse - college football rivalry game
Okanagan Desert
Steptoe Butte
Palouse Falls |
Palouse | References | References |
Palouse | References | References
Chapter 10: Additional Figures - Biodiversity and Land-use History of the Palouse Bioregion: Pre-European to Present - Sisk, T.D., editor. 1998. Perspectives on the land-use history of North America: a context for understanding our changing environment. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR 1998-0003 (Revised September 1999)..
Meinig, D.W. 1968. The Great Columbia Plains: A Historical Geography, 1805-1910. University of Seattle Press, Seattle (Revised 1995). .
Morgan, P., S.C. Bunting, A.E. Black, T. Merrill, and S. Barrett. 1996. Fire regimes in the Interior Columbia River Basin: past and present. Final Report, RJVA-INT-94913. Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Missoula, Mont.
Noss, R.F., E.T. LaRoe III, and J.M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. U.S. National Biological Service. Biological Report 28.
Ratti, J.T., and J.M. Scott. 1991. Agricultural impacts on wildlife: problem review and restoration needs. The Environmental Professional 13:263-274.
Tisdale, E.W. 1986. Canyon grasslands and associated shrublands of west-central Idaho and adjacent areas. Bulletin No. 40. Forestry, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow.
Victor, E. 1935. Some effects of cultivation upon stream history and upon the topography of the Palouse region. Northwest Science 9(3):18-19. |
Palouse | External links | External links
Palouse grasslands images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu (slow modem version)
A Palouse Bibliography, Compiled by David M. Skinner, Palouse Prairie Foundation bibliographies.
Palouse River, The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000.
The Appaloosa Museum
Photograph America: The Palouse, Washington
The Luminous Landscape: The Palouse
A photographic guide to the Palouse
A Palouse Paradise Documentary produced by Idaho Public Television
Eureka Flat: How glacial outburst floods started the dust engine of the Pacific Northwest, Textbook - Key Concepts in Geomorphology. The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Category:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Category:Ecoregions of the United States
Category:Grasslands of the United States
Category:Natural history of Idaho
Category:Natural history of Oregon
Category:Natural history of Washington (state)
Category:Geography of Idaho
Category:Regions of Washington (state)
Category:Ecoregions of Oregon
Category:Nearctic ecoregions |
Palouse | Table of Content | Short description, Geography and history, Farming, Geology, Environment, Ecological transformation, Fauna, Fires, See also, References, References, External links |
Gedunk bar | A | A Gedunk bar or geedunk bar ( ) is the canteen or snack bar of a large vessel of the United States Navy or the United States Coast Guard. The term in this sense was first recorded in Leatherneck Magazine in 1931. A service member who works in the geedunk is traditionally referred to only as that "geedunk guy" or "geedunk girl", or more informally as a "geedunkaroo". The term was popular during World War II. |
Gedunk bar | Overview | Overview
thumb|Gedunk bar aboard , in 1938.
The origin of the word is uncertain. One theory suggests the name is derived from the "gee-dunk" sound that vending machines made when operated. Another theory is that the term is derived from the comic strip Harold Teen, in which Harold eats Gedunk sundaes, chocolate ice cream with ladyfingers "ge-dunked" into it, at the local soda shop. Navy ships would also then have soda shops rather than bars, as the Navy has been bone-dry afloat since alcohol was banned by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels in 1911. Yet another theory suggests that the word's origin is from a Chinese word meaning "place of idleness".
The gedunk bar was usually open for longer hours than the mess. Such bars were stocked with a wide variety of consumables such as snacks, soft drinks and fresh coffee. In the 21st century, sailors and Marines continue to call a place where snacks are for sale a "gedunk bar" or "gedunk machine" and refer to the snacks themselves as "gedunk".
In modern times, the gedunk is usually a spare room or space in a unit's location, where there are refrigerators and shelves to hold cold drinks and snacks. Some gedunks have coffee pots, hot soup and occasionally barbecues. Items range in price from $.25 to a few dollars. Gedunks are stocked by purchasing bulk food items from grocery stores or warehouse stores such as Costco, not items taken from official supply chains. Profits from gedunk sales are minor, but usually go toward unit functions, such as the Marine Ball.
During the Vietnam War, all who served honorably in the U.S. armed forces were awarded the National Defense Service Medal. Because the medal was issued regardless of any length of service during the specified period (i.e., graduating from boot camp), it was called a "Gedunk medal". |
Gedunk bar | See also | See also
U.S. Navy slang |
Gedunk bar | References | References
Category:United States Navy traditions |
Gedunk bar | Table of Content | A, Overview, See also, References |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Short description | Disneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California conceived by Walt Disney. This is a list of attractions β rides, shows, shops and parades β that have appeared at the park but have permanently closed. Character meets and atmosphere entertainment (e.g., roving musicians) are not listed. Also not listed are permanently closed attractions from Disney California Adventure. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Main Street, USA | Main Street, USA
thumb|Watch: A past icon of a coffee house called Maxwell House in Main Street, U.S.A. back in 1955
Hollywood-Maxwell's Intimate Apparel Shop (1955β1956): Featuring the "Wizard of Bras"
Maxwell House Coffee House (1955β1957)
Main Street Shooting Gallery (1955β1962): A shooting gallery themed to the 1920s
Main Street Flower Market (1955β1977): A large display of plastic flowers: "The world's finest natural flowers not grown by nature"
Disneyland Branch of Bank of America (1955β1993): A Bank of America with three ATMs to use
Story Book Shop (1955β1995): A book shop operated by Western Publishing
Babes in Toyland Exhibit (1961β1963): Utilizing the sets from the movie of the same name, this walk-through attraction occupied the Opera House near the park's entrance.
Legacy of Walt Disney (1970β1973): A museum showing exhibits on how Walt Disney changed the world
Disneyland Presents a Preview of Coming Attractions (1973β1989): A preview center for up-coming attractions
Bank of Main Street U.S.A. (1993β2005)
Annual Passholder Center (2005β2009) |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Main Street Opera House shows | Main Street Opera House shows
The Main Street Opera House has housed the following shows:
Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln (1965β1973): Theater presentation featuring an Audio-Animatronic Abraham Lincoln, and a replica of a similar attraction at the 1964 New York World's Fair. Elements of the original show were incorporated into later versions of the attraction from 1975 to 2004 and from 2009βpresent.
The Walt Disney Story (1973β1975): Biographical film about Walt Disney, which originally appeared at Walt Disney World in 1972.
The Walt Disney Story featuring Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln (1975β2004): A combination of the two previous shows. Disneyland had been criticized for replacing the Lincoln tribute with a tribute to Walt Disney, and combined elements of the two shows in response. From 2001 to 2004 the Disney tribute was removed, and the entire show was given more of a focus on the American Civil War.
Disneyland: The First 50 Magical Years (2005β2009): An exhibition on the history of Disneyland, including a film narrated by Steve Martin. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Adventureland | Adventureland
Tahitian Terrace (1962β1993): Dinner show with various Polynesian entertainment. Replaced by:
Aladdin's Oasis (1993β1995, 1997β2008): Dinner show based on the 1992 film Aladdin. The dinner show ended in 1995 and the stage show was brought back in 1997β2008.
Big Game Safari Shooting Gallery (1962β1982): A jungle-themed shooting gallery with images of wild animals as the targets.
Swiss Family Treehouse (1962β1999): A Treehouse walk-through attraction based on the film Swiss Family Robinson. Rethemed as Tarzan's Treehouse in 1999.
Tarzan's Treehouse (1999β2021): A Treehouse walk-through attraction based on the 1999 film, Tarzan. Rethemed to Adventureland Treehouse in 2023. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | New Orleans Square | New Orleans Square
The Disney Gallery (1987β2007): A gallery of Disney-related art. The Disney Gallery was the only area listed on Disneyland maps as both an attraction and a retail location. The Gallery sometimes featured preliminary artwork and sketches from certain attractions or movies, sometimes (as in the 100 Mickeys exhibit) the displayed art was associated only with Disney and not with any specific attraction, film, or event. Often, prints from the exhibit were available for purchase via the print-on-demand system, and the Gallery always featured items such as books about Disney artwork. The Gallery used to sell prints of the ride posters featured in the tunnels leading to and from Main Street. The former gallery was replaced by the Disneyland Dream Suite. In October 2009 the gallery re-opened, but now it resides on Main Street, U.S.A.
Disneyland Dream Suite (2008β2014): A 2,200-square-foot (200 m2) luxury apartment. It was created as part of the "Year of a Million Dreams" promotion that ran from October 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Frontierland | Frontierland
Golden Horseshoe Revue (1955β1986): A musical comedy show featuring Sluefoot-Sue (Betty Taylor), an Irish Tenor (Fulton Burley) and a traveling Salesman (Wally Boag) along with Can-Can girls. An extremely popular show, it ran in the Golden Horseshoe Saloon nearly unchanged for about three decades.
Golden Horseshoe Jamboree (1986β1994): An Old West show featuring singing, dancing, joke-telling, banjo playing, and general fun and rowdiness, starring Miss Lilly, Sam the Bartender and a gang of cowpunchers.
Golden Horseshoe Variety Show (1986β2003): A variety show featuring comedian/musician Dana Daniels and Luigi, his psychic parrot. This shared the Golden Horseshoe Saloon with Billy Hill and the Hillbillies.
All-New Woody's Roundup (1999β2000): A live-action show featuring characters from Toy Story.
Billy Hill and the Hillbillies (1994β2014): A live-action show featuring singing and comedy. In 2012 the musical/variety group moved to Big Thunder Ranch until their show was retired in early 2014. Afterward, they were hired by Knott's Berry Farm as Krazy Kirk and the Hillbillies.
Davy Crockett Museum (1955β1956): Mostly given over to retail space, with a few exhibits detailing scenes from the television series of the same name. thumb|thumbtime=5|Frontierland stagecoach and pack mule rides, 1955, featuring Walt Disney
Pack Mules (1955β1956): Real mules which were ridden in a line to view simulated frontierlands and deserts. After renovations and upgrades, the ride was renamed:
Rainbow Ridge Pack Mules (1956β1959)
Pack Mules Through Nature's Wonderland (1960β1973); in 1973, Big Thunder Mountain Railroad and Big Thunder Ranch replaced Nature's Wonderland.
Stage Coach (1955β1956): A real stagecoach drawn by real horses. After new scenic landscaping, it became Rainbow Mountain Stage Coaches (1956β1960).
Conestoga Wagons (1955β1960): A real Conestoga wagon drawn by real animals.
Rainbow Caverns Mine Train (1956β1959): A narrow gauge mine train attraction through the new Living Desert. After the scenery was again redone in 1960, it was also upgraded and became:
Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland (1960β1977): The Big Thunder Mountain Railroad attraction replaced this sedate train ride with a roller coaster version. The only element that remained in place from its scenic vistas was the mighty waterfall tumbling from Cascade Peak into the Rivers of America, visible only from various boat rides around the Rivers. The structure that formed Cascade Peak and its waterfalls was demolished in 1998 after it was found to be suffering structurally from the decades of water that had flowed over it. One of the four locomotives and two cars from the ride remained on a stretch of track where Cascade peak once stood, as a staged wreck scene. The train, however, was removed in early 2010 during the Rivers of America refurbishment. The cacti that were a part of the Living Desert section were mostly relocated to the Magic Kingdom version of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad. Other remnants from Nature's Wonderland include the tunnel from Bear Country, the buttes from the Living Desert, the tunnel into Rainbow Caverns (though half-buried in concrete), and the jumping fish seen in Bear Country, all visible on Big Thunder Trail. The animals, however, were buried in concrete as the Imagineers didn't know where to place them.
Mineral Hall (1956β1963): Mineral Hall was a shop located next door to the Rainbow Caverns Mine Train/Mine Train through Nature's Wonderland ride. Operated by Ultra-Violet Products, the Mineral Hall featured a free exhibit, which included a mineral display lit by black-light. The shop also sold related gifts and mineral samples. Selling anywhere between 10 and 50 cents, the Disneyland-themed mineral samples were labeled "Walt Disney's Mineral Land β Rocks & Minerals".
Indian War Canoes (1956β1971): Now Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes, and part of Critter Country.
thumb|A Native American cast member at the Indian Village in 1955
Indian Village (1955β1971): Now Critter Country.
Big Thunder Ranch (1986β2016): A Western-themed casual area for seeing shows, viewing Disneyland's horses on their breaks and days off, and dining at Big Thunder Barbecue which served ribs, chicken, potatoes, beans, and such. The Barbecue remained open for a few more years after the Ranch area became the Festival of Fools stage for The Hunchback of Notre Dame show. Up until its closing, the area was used for special events, a Petting Zoo, and seasonal attractions. It closed in early 2016 for Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge.
Mike Fink Keel Boats (1956β1994, 1996β1997): Shut down due to an accident in 1997 when the Gullywhumper boat began rocking side-to-side on a trip on the Rivers of America and capsized. The attraction never returned. The Gullywhumpers sister boat, the Bertha Mae, was sold on Disney's auctions site. In 2003, the Gullywhumper returned to the Rivers of America as a prop and is moored on Tom Sawyer Island, where it is visible from the Mark Twain Riverboat, the Sailing Ship Columbia, and the Explorer Canoes.
Little Patch of Heaven Petting Farm (2004β2005): Petting zoo located at Big Thunder Ranch to promote the film Home on the Range. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Bayou Country | Bayou Country
Bear Country opened in 1972. It was renamed Critter Country in 1988, and in 2024 it was renamed Bayou Country.
Country Bear Jamboree (1972β1986): An Audio-Animatronics show featuring traditional American folk songs sung by a variety of bears and their friends. The content of the show was replaced by Country Bear Vacation Hoedown at the Country Bear Playhouse (1986β2001): Used the same bear figures as Country Bear Jamboree, with new costumes. This is now the site of The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
The Mile-Long Bar (1972β1988): A snack bar fashioned like an old-west wooden bar with brass footrail and featuring wall-sized mirrors at either end. Later became Brer Bar and is now the site of the expanded Pooh Corner store (formerly Crocodile Mercantile).
Teddi Barra's Swinging Arcade (1972β2003): Video arcade, now the site of the expanded Pooh Corner store.
Splash Mountain (1989β2023): A log flume ride based on the animated sequences of Disney's 1946 film Song of the South. Was rethemed to Tiana's Bayou Adventure. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Fantasyland | Fantasyland
Mickey Mouse Club Theater (1955β1964): Walk-in theater continuously showing animated Disney films and shorts, similar to the Main Street Cinema. Renamed Fantasyland Theater (1964β1982); not to be confused with the present-day theater). Now the site of Pinocchio's Daring Journey.
Mickey Mouse Club Circus (1955β1956): A circus arts show featuring actual cast members of the Mickey Mouse Club, live animals with Professor George J. Keller's Jungle Killers, Bob-O the Disneyland Clown and the talking equine, The Wonder Horse!
Keller's Jungle Killers (1956)
Merlin's Magic Shop (1955β1983): The original magic shop in the park. A second one on Main Street, U.S.A. opened in 1957Chronology of Disneyland Theme Park and continues to this day. Steve Martin worked at the store for three years beginning in August 1960.Martin, Born Standing Up, p. 39 "I knew every nook and cranny of the shop," he recalled in later years, and credited working there as helping hone his performing skills.
Skyway to Tomorrowland (1956β1994): This ride, a typical aerial lift ride seen in many parks, traveled from a chalet on the west side of Fantasyland, through the Matterhorn, to a station in Tomorrowland. Cabins hung from cables and ran constantly back and forth between the two lands. The Fantasyland station stood until 2016 β closed to public access β adjacent to the Casey Jr. Circus Train, and was concealed by trees. It was demolished for Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge construction. Its support towers were removed and the holes in the Matterhorn through which the ride passed were filled in.
Junior Autopia (1956β1958): A version of the original Autopia geared towards children. The Junior Autopia featured a guide rail, which the original version of Autopia did not have at the time. The site of the Junior Autopia reopened a year later as the Fantasyland Autopia and is now part of the present-day Autopia.
Midget Autopia (1957β1966): A version of the original Autopia geared towards young children. After the Midget Autopia closed, the ride was dismantled and sent to Walt Disney's hometown of Marceline, Missouri, where it operated for a few years. The site of the Midget Autopia is now the main walkway between It's a Small World and the rest of Fantasyland.
Fantasyland Autopia (1959β1999): A version of the original Autopia, built on the site of the former Junior Autopia. The Fantasyland Autopia was known as the "Rescue Ranger Raceway" and themed to the Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers television series from 1991 to 1993. Its name reverted to "Fantasyland Autopia" afterwards, and operated part-time until it permanently closed in 1999. Its track was combined with the track of the Tomorrowland Autopia to create the present-day Autopia.
Skull Rock and Pirate's Cove (1961β1982): A dining experience themed to Captain Hook's pirate ship. Dumbo the Flying Elephant was relocated to the former location of Skull Rock and Pirate's Cove and reopened there in 1983.
Motor Boat Cruise (1957β1991): Simulated experience of navigating waterways in a motor boat. Renamed Motor Boat Cruise to Gummi Glen (1991β1993), based on the Gummi Bears television show.
Videopolis (1985β1995): A nighttime dance club targeted at young adults. Videopolis featured television monitors playing modern music videos and also hosted live musical acts. It also featured its very own snack bar, "Yumz". Videopolis was converted into an amphitheatre in 1990 and was renamed Fantasyland Theatre in 1995. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Videopolis/Fantasyland Theatre shows | Videopolis/Fantasyland Theatre shows
One Man's Dream: Stage show about Walt Disney
Dick Tracy: Diamond Double-Cross: Based on the 1990 film Dick Tracy
Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage: Stage version of the 1991 Disney adaptation of Beauty and the Beast
Plane Crazy: Original show featuring characters from The Disney Afternoon television shows
The Spirit of Pocahontas: Based on the 1995 film Pocahontas
AnimazementβThe Musical: Musical featuring characters from several Disney animated films
Snow WhiteβAn Enchanting Musical: Based on the 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Mickey's Toontown | Mickey's Toontown
Jolly Trolley (1993β2003): The Jolly Trolley was a Trolley providing transportation from one end of Toontown to the other. Closed due to crowded walkways presenting safety hazards, meaning the trolleys could only operate on days with sparse crowds.
Chip 'n Dale's Acorn Crawl (1993β1998)
Goofy's Bounce House (1993β2008) (re-themed to Goofy's Playhouse)
Goofy's Playhouse (2008β2022) (re-themed to Goofy's How-To-Play Yard)
Donald's Boat (1993β2022) (re-themed to Donald's Duck Pond)
Toon Park (1993β1998 or 1999) (re-themed to CenTOONial Park)
Chip 'n Dale's Treehouse (1993β2020) |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Tomorrowland | Tomorrowland
Circarama, U.S.A. (1955β1997), renamed Circle-Vision 360Β° in 1967: A film presentation showing scenes from around the United States and later China. Guests stood in a large circular room and watched a film projected on nine large, contiguous screens that surrounded them. During its run, the attraction was hosted by American Motors, Bell System, AT&T Corporation, Pacific Southwest Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In 1998, the theater became the queue for the short-lived Rocket Rods attraction. The building now houses Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters. Shows were:
A Tour of the West (1955β1959)
America the Beautiful (1960β1984)
"All Because Man Wanted to Fly" (lobby pre-show) (1984β1989)
American Journeys (1984β1996)
Wonders of China (1984β1996)
America the Beautiful (1996β1997)
Clock of the World (1955β1966): A clock tower in the center of Tomorrowland
Monsanto Hall of Chemistry (1955β1966): A hands-on museum-like attraction teaching guests about chemistry
Monsanto's Fashions and Fabrics through the Ages (1965β1966): An exhibition on the evolution of women's attire from the Stone Age to the space age
Space Station X-1 (1955β1960), renamed Satellite View of America in 1958: A circular screen showed America from space.
Rocket to the Moon (1955β1966): Inside a building under a tall futuristic-looking rocket ship, the audience sat in seats around central viewing screens (top and bottom of the center of the room) so that they could see where they were going as they headed away from Earth and towards other worlds. As actual flight to the Moon became more likely, the ride was refurbished as:
Flight to the Moon (1967β1975): A refurbished version of Rocket to the Moon with a mission control pre-show. The ride became obsolete as the United States sent actual crewed flights to the Moon between 1969 and 1972, and it was refurbished as:
Mission to Mars (1975β1992): An updated version of Flight to the Moon, simulating spaceflight to Mars instead of the Moon.
The attraction building is now the site of Pizza Planet, a space-themed restaurant.
Tomorrowland Boats (1955β1956), renamed Phantom Boats in 1956: The boat engines were unreliable, and this became the first permanent attraction to be removed from Disneyland. Later became the site of Submarine Voyage, now Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage.
The World Beneath Us (1955β1960): A CinemaScope film about man's quest for energy, featuring an animated diorama of the Earth's crust.
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Exhibit (1955β1966): A walk-through with sets from the 1954 film
Flight Circle (1955β1966): A show about planes, cars and boats
Hobbyland (1955β1966)
Art Corner (1955β1966)
Aluminum Hall of Fame (1955β1960)
Dutch Boy Color Gallery (1955β1963)
Starcade (1975β2015): A space themed arcade that was originally two stories but the second story closed in 1997.
thumb|right|200px|Rocket Jets in background, 1996, with Monorail and Submarines in foreground
Astro Jets (1956β1964): A rocket-spinner ride originally located between Submarine Voyage and Flight to the Moon. Astro Jets has undergone the following name and location changes:
Tomorrowland Jets (1964β1966): New name for the original attraction after corporate sponsor disagreements. After its closure the original attraction was dismantled and the Carousel of Progress theater was built on the site. The building now houses Star Wars Launch Bay and Super Hero HQ.
Rocket Jets (1967β1997): A new version of the same ride, in a new location above the PeopleMover loading platform. The ride's mechanical components are now part of the Observatron, a sculpture on the same site that plays music and spins at regular intervals.
The ride's present incarnation is known as Astro Orbitor, located at the entrance to Tomorrowland from Main Street, and debuted in 1998.
Crane Company Bathroom of Tomorrow (1956β1960)
Skyway to Fantasyland (1956β1994): Aerial lift ride; see Skyway to Tomorrowland in Fantasyland, below. The Tomorrowland station was adjacent to the north side of the Carousel of Progress/America Sings (present-day Innoventions) building and has been demolished.
Viewliner Train of Tomorrow (1957β1958): "The fastest miniature train in the world" ran alongside the Disneyland Railroad for just over a year, and therefore has the distinction of being the shortest-lived ride in the park's history.
Monsanto House of the Future (1957β1967): A walk-through tour of a plastic house with plastic furnishings and interior and modern appliances such as dishwashers. The house was designed in roughly the shape of a plus sign with high-tech rounded exterior contours, all made from white plastic with large windows. It was outdated almost as soon as it was built. It was anchored to a solid concrete foundation that proved to be so indestructible that, when it was dismantled, the work crew gave up and left some of the support pilings in place and they can still be seen in King Triton's Grotto between the Tomorrowland entrance and Fantasyland.
thumb|200px|right|Submarine Voyage, 1995. Note Rocket Jets at background right and former Carousel of Progress/America Sings building behind palm trees at background left, abandoned at this time.
Submarine Voyage (1959β1998): Riders entered the half-submerged miniature submarines by descending through access hatches at either end of the submarine, sat on tiny fold-down seats, and leaned forward to peer out through portholes on either side of the submarine. The submarines moved around a track in the mermaid lagoon and simulated diving by having bubbles rise around it with the purported captain intoning commands over the loudspeaker (they never really submerged). On the trip, riders saw real-looking and imaginary sea life fastened to rocks or floating in the water, a treasure chest of gold, mermaids and a sea serpent, and passed under icebergs at the "North Pole". The submarines were originally military gray and named after US Navy nuclear-powered submarines but were repainted high-visibility yellow in the 1980s. The attraction returned as "Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage" in 2007.
The Art of Animation (1960β1966)
Flying Saucers (1961β1966): Guests rode in single-rider cars on a cushion of air that were steered by shifting body weight. The air cushion was supplied from below through holes in the floor that opened when the cars passed over. The ride's site later became the site of the Tomorrowland Stage, and is now the site of Magic Eye Theater. Luigi's Flying Tires at Disney California Adventure was a modern-day version of the Flying Saucers.
Fashion and Fabrics Through the Ages (1965β1966)
Tomorrowland Stage (1967β1977): Performance venue for concerts and other stage shows, built on the site of the Flying Saucers. The stage was demolished due to the construction of Space Mountain, and was replaced by Space Stage (1977β1985), a performance venue that served a similar purpose to the Tomorrowland Stage. The stage's location is now the site of the Magic Eye Theater.
General Electric Carousel of Progress (1967β1973): A sit-down show in which the building rotated the audience around a series of stages. The stages had audioanimatronic humans and household appliances showing how appliances and electronics advanced about every 20 years from the turn of the century to the "modern" era of the early 1960s. The audience stopped in front of each stage while the characters joked with each other, described life at the time in history, and demonstrated their kitchen. This ride originated at the 1964 New York World's Fair and was installed at Disneyland after the fair closed. In 1974, Carousel of Progress was moved to Florida's Walt Disney World, and the show building was used for America Sings and Innoventions.
PeopleMover (1967β1995): A scenic, slow-moving ride high-above Tomorrowland that was intended to demonstrate how people could be shuttled around a central urban area without rushing to board individual trains or drive individual cars. It consisted of many dozens of small open-air cars seating up to eight riders, all running continuously on a track above and through the various attractions in Tomorrowland. After the ride was closed, the track sat vacant for two-and-a-half years until the opening of the ill-fated Rocket Rods. The Walt Disney World version is still active in the Magic Kingdom under the name of Tomorrowland Transit Authority.
Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967β1985): A dark ride that pretended to shrink the rider gradually down to microscopic size within a snowflake, then further to view a water molecule in the flake, then finally to the point where one could see the throbbing nucleus of a single oxygen atom, with electrons zooming all around. The attraction was replaced by Star Tours in 1987 and is now the site of Star Tours: The Adventures Continue.
America Sings (1974β1988): A sit-down show in the same building using the same stages as Carousel of Progress. Audio-Animatronic animals sang American tunes from different eras. It was described as a "lighthearted journey to Musicland, U.S.A". After the attraction closed in spring of 1988, most of the singing, dancing animals were recycled into the current "Splash Mountain" attraction. Earlier in 1987, two geese were removed and their outer skins peeled and used in the Star Tours queue as droids. The building sat empty from 1988 to 1998, except for seats, the old stages and some offices. Innoventions occupied the same building until its closure on March 31, 2015.
Magic Eye Theater (1986β2015): A theater which showed 3-D films. The theater has shown the following films:
Magic Journeys (1984β1986): A film about children's imaginations, originally shown at Space Stage, then Magic Eye Theater.
Captain EO (1986β1997, 2010β2015): A film starring Michael Jackson about a spaceship captain and his misfit crew battling against an evil queen. The show closed in 1997 due to certain problems with Jackson's image, but less than a year after Jackson's death in 2009 it was brought back as the "Captain EO Tribute" for a "limited engagement".
Honey, I Shrunk the Audience! (1998β2010): A film that served as a sequel to Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, starring Rick Moranis, Marcia Strassman, Eric Idle, and Robert Oliveri.
The 3-D technology used in the Magic Eye Theater is also used in multiple theaters at Disney California Adventure.
Tomorrowland Autopia (1955β1999): The original Autopia attraction. At least one other Autopia had existed in some form in Fantasyland since 1956. In 1999, the tracks of the Tomorrowland Autopia and the last version of the Fantasyland Autopia were combined to create the present-day Autopia, which opened in 2000.
Toy Story Funhouse (1996β1997): A temporary stage show and exhibit themed to the 1995 film Toy Story.
thumb|250px|Rocket Rods leaving the launch platform. Cars paused before being flung down this track at high velocity.
Rocket Rods (1998β2000): A high-speed ride high above Tomorrowland along the former PeopleMover track. The ride's queue, which went through the old Circle-Vision theater, showed early Disney films about transportation combined with more recent footage. Rocket Rods was plagued with technical problems that frequently caused the ride to shut down. Its track and station remain standing and unused, and its queue area is now part of Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters.
The American Space Experience (1998β2003): An exhibit highlighting space exploration in conjunction with NASA's 40th anniversary. It occupied the former Premiere Shop location outside of the Circle-Vision 360 theater. Now the site of the Disney's Fastpass distribution center for Star Tours: The Adventures Continue and part of the Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters ride.
Star Tours (1987β2010): Built at the original site for Adventure Through Inner Space, this was Disney's first attempt at a motion simulator ride, based on the Star Wars film series. It was closed in late July 2010 to allow the area to be remodeled to a new attraction, Star Tours β The Adventures Continue which features all new simulators, along with a new story line and other changes, including the film being shown in high-definition 3-D film
Innoventions (1998β2015): Built inside the Carousel Theater, its focus was to show near-futuristic technologies. The attraction closed on March 31, 2015, once again leaving the Carousel Theater empty.
Jedi Training Academy (2015β2018)
Star Wars Launch Bay (2015β2020) |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Tom Sawyer Island | Tom Sawyer Island
Huckleberry Finn's Fishing Pier (1956β1965): Guests were able to rent fishing poles and fish for real Catfish, Bluegill, River Perch and Trout at Catfish Cove. The fish were held in a hidden underwater net pen, and guests could have park staff clean any fish they caught and store them in a refrigerator until they were ready to leave the park. The "take-home" option was discontinued just weeks after the attraction opened, as many guests chose not to have their fish cleaned and refrigerated, instead taking them into the park and on rides in the special "fish totes" provided by staff for use in carrying cleaned and chilled fish home. Many of these guests ended up abandoning their catch in bushes, trash cans, lockers, etc., which, when combined with the California heat, resulted in the smell of dead, rotting fish wafting across the park. Guests continued to be able to practice catch-and-release fishing for some time afterwards, until the attraction was eventually scrapped altogether. The raised stage used for the Fantasmic! show now occupies the space above where the fish pen was once submerged. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Holidayland | Holidayland
Holidayland (1957β1961): Holidayland, the "lost" land of Disneyland, was a recreation area with a separate entrance before being replaced by New Orleans Square. Holidayland featured a baseball diamond, a circus and a picnic area and more resembled a park than a themed land. |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Parades | Parades
Christmas in Many Lands (1957β1959?)
Mickey at the Movies (1960β1964)
Christmas Toy Parade (1960β1964?)
Fantasy on Parade (1965β1976, 1980β1986)
Mickey's Character Parade (Early 70's)
America on Parade (1975β1976)
Mickey's 50th Birthday Parade (1978)
Dumbo's Circus Parade (1979)
Disneyland's 25th Anniversary Family Reunion Parade (1980)
It's a Small World Parade (1981)
Flights of Fantasy (1983)
American Gazette (1984β1985)
Donald's 50th Birthday (1984)
Mickey, Our Hero (1984)
Disneyland's 30th Anniversary Parade (1985)
Circus Fantasy Parade (1986β1988)
Totally Minnie (1986β1987)
Snow White's 50th Anniversary (1987)
State Fair Parade (1987β1988)
The Very Merry Christmas Parade (1987β1994)
Blast To The Past (1988β1989)
Mickey's 60th Birthday (1988β1989)
Hooray For Disney Stars Parade (1989β1990)
Party Gras Parade (1990)
Celebration, U.S.A. (1991)
Livin' in the USA (1992)
The World According to Goofy (1992)
Aladdin's Royal Caravan (1993β1994)
The Lion King Celebration (1994β1997)
Crusin' The Kingdom (1996β1997)
Light Magic (1997)
Hercules' Victory Parade (1997β1998)
Mulan Parade (1998β1999)
45 Years of Magic Parade/Parade of the Stars (2000β2005)
Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams (2005β2008)
Celebrate! A Street Party (2009β2010)
Paint the Night Parade (May 22, 2015 β January 8, 2017)
Pixar Play Parade (April β November 2018)
Mickey's Soundsational Parade (2011β2019)
Main Street Electrical Parade ((June 1972 β 1996), (January 19 β August 20, 2017), (August 2 β September 30, 2019))
Magic Happens (February 27 β March 11, 2020; 2023) |
List of former Disneyland attractions | Fireworks | Fireworks
Fantasy in the Sky (1958β1996, January β May 2015, September 2016 β January 2017)
Believe... There's Magic in the Stars (February 2000 β May 2004)
Imagine... A Fantasy in the Sky (June 2004 β April 2005)
Remember... Dreams Come True (May 2005 β June 2009, January 2010 β November 2014, February 2017 β April 2018, September 2018 β January 2019)
Magical: Disney's New Nighttime Spectacular of Magical Celebrations (2009β2014)
Disneyland Forever (May 2015 β September 2016, June β September 2019, April β September 2022)
Together Forever: A Pixar Nighttime Spectacular (April β September 2018, April β August 2024)
Mickey's Mix Magic (January β June 2019, October 2019 β March 2020, September 2022 β January 2023, 2024)
Wondrous Journeys (January β August 2023, March β April 2024) |
List of former Disneyland attractions | See also | See also
List of Disneyland attractions
List of former Disney California Adventure attractions
Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts |
List of former Disneyland attractions | References | References |
List of former Disneyland attractions | External links | External links
Yesterland: With photos of bygone attractions.
General Electric Carousel of Progress at the NY World's fair and beyond, several pages of information
Disneyland Maps: All past Disneyland large poster-sized wall maps sold in the park.
Overview of Disneyland Publications from its history
Walt's Magic Kingdom: List of Disneyland attractions, shops, shows and restaurants since 1955.
Crane Bathroom of Tomorrow
Disneyland branch of Bank of America 1955 tri-fold brochure cover and money orders
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Category:Lists of Disney attractions
Category:Lists of former amusement park attractions
Category:Lists of former buildings and structures
Category:Articles containing video clips
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