CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "5.43%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.035	The DSSC assembled with CM2 CE achieves a PCE of 6.94%, which is higher than those of the other devices (4.70% for CM1, 5.43% for CM3-1, and 4.45% for CM3-2, respectively).	What is the value of PCE?	43299
{ "text": [ "4.0 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.004	1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) was synthesized as reported previously The colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide as described elsewhere The photovoltaic performances of DSCs with the active area of 4.0 cm2 were measured under an illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2), which was realized on a solar simulator (Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science) with a Keithley 2420 source meter.The flatband potential (Vfb) of the nanostructured TiO2 electrodes was performed by measuring absorbance at 780 nm as a function of the applied potential.	What is the value of active area?	40131
{ "text": [ "16.85%" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }	10.1039/C8NR06095A	Therefore, the use of a MoOx interlayer does not significantly influence the VOC of perovskite solar cells (see Table 1).A 15 nm thick MoOx interlayer is sufficient to avoid the formation of the Ag/HTL interface, which results in a highly averaged PCE of 16.85%.	What is the value of PCE?	19892
{ "text": [ "8.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.040	A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.58% for the Co0.85Se CE-based solar cell was obtained, which is comparable to that of cells using Pt CEs (8.57%); 7.09% PCE was obtained for the Ni0.85Se-based CE.	What is the value of PCE?	57376
{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }	10.1039/C5MH00026B	By evaluating the change in current densities measured in the dark (Jo) and under 1 sun AM 1.5 solar irradiation (Jph) in ITO/ZnO/fullerene/Ca/Al devices, we find that the trend for Jph/Jo enhancement correlates with the increased ratio in dipole moment E(D)/E(G) (Fig.	What is ITO?	19359
{ "text": [ "3.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }	10.1039/C5RA04862A	The best performance was observed for the IDB-ZnP device reaching a power conversion efficiency of η = 3.62% under AM 1.5 irradiation conditions with a corresponding %IPCE maximizing at 48% for both Soret band (450 nm) and Q band (570 nm) photoexcitation.Due to their low cost and high power conversion efficiencies, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices based on silicon.	What is the value of η?	75624
{ "text": [ "1.39V" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2018.12.007	The IL/C60-based solar cells exhibit the champion PCE of 5.88% with a Jsc of 6.14mA/cm2, a Voc of 1.39V, and a FF of 69.94%.Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite with an ABX3 structure (where A is an organic cation, B is Pb, and X is I,Br,Cl) have been paid much attention in recent years due to their large absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility and simple manufacturing In this study, a room temperature solution processed IL (BenMeIM-Cl) layer is used as the additional interface layer between C60 and FTO to form a IL/C60 double ETL in planar n-i-p structure Br-PSCs.	What is the value of Voc?	533
{ "text": [ "16.03 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 146 ] }	10.1039/C7DT00267J	The electrochemical charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the NP-400 CE was 3.13 Ω which is also lower than that of the NP-100 CE (4.02 Ω), NP-200 (16.03 Ω), and NP-300 (16.39 Ω), and is close to that of the Pt CE (3.08 Ω).	What is the value of Rct?	71318
{ "text": [ "SnO2" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }	10.1039/C2CP41855J	A prototypical configuration consisted of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) anode, TiO2 compact-layer, dye-coated mesoporous TiO2 layer, hole-transporting layer and metal counter electrode.	What is anode?	70182
{ "text": [ "7.63%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }	10.1039/C0DT01799J	The cells based on the longest TiO2-B NB/TiO2 NP sandwich-type structure photoelectrodes (CLs) achieved the highest η of 7.94%, which was higher than that of the middle-length CMs (7.63%) and the short CSs (7.47%).	What is the value of η?	75672
{ "text": [ "11.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C6TA10305G	demonstrated the impact of anti-solvent treatment on HTL-free PSCs and achieved a PCE of 11.2%.	What is the value of PCE?	20191
{ "text": [ "618 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.07.030	The cells produced a continuous photocurrent (Isc) of 0.21 mA, which corresponds to a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 0.84 mA cm−2 and a photovoltage (Voc) of 618 mV.where Vopt and Iopt are, respectively, voltage and current for maximum power output, was calculated to be 0.46.	What is the value of Voc?	43586
{ "text": [ "14.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.coelec.2018.10.006	With increase C60 thickness to 5.5nm, the device has best performance with Voc=1.06V, Jsc=18.30mA/cm2, FF=0.77, and PCE=14.9%.	What is the value of PCE?	1418
{ "text": [ "0.4cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.082	The active area of the final cells was found to be 0.4cm2.Electrodeposition of MoS2 was initially optimized with the supporting electrolyte (KCl) and the obtained CV sweep is depicted in (a) that the current rate increases while adding the supporting electrolyte which indicates the reduction of thiomolybdate enhances.	What is the value of active area?	30834
{ "text": [ "0.044mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }	10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.008	For short-circuit photocurrent density, the value of these dyes are Jsc(purple cabbage)>Jsc(purple grape skin)>Jsc(mulberry)>Jsc(carrot)>Jsc(potato) and arrived 0.621, 0.223, 0.181, 0.100, 0.044mA/cm2 respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	57746
{ "text": [ "7.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }	10.1039/C5TA08262E	However, interestingly, when the MAI loading time is further increased to 120 s, the PCE drops unexpectedly to only 7.05% due to the significant reduction in Jsc (15.65 mA cm−2) and FF (49.79%), where the Voc is still comparable to the best devices prepared with 60 s loading time.	What is the value of PCE?	23136
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }	10.1039/C2CP42790G	The dye-loaded TiO2 film as the working electrode and the CE were separated by a hot-melt Surlyn film (30 μm thick) and sealed together by hot-pressing.	What is ?	70045
{ "text": [ "7.43%" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }	10.1039/C3EE41888J	The PCE was prompted to 7.43% (ref.	What is the value of PCE?	71491
{ "text": [ "1.034 V" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }	10.1039/C6TA05254A	Under the same fabrication conditions, the cell based on Spiro-OMeTAD achieved a PCE of 16.3% with a Jsc of 21.41 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.034 V, and an FF of 0.71.	What is the value of Voc?	22336
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }	10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.10.013	the relatively large surface area for effective dyeadsorption and hence improved light harvesting capability.In conclusion, we have reported the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles/nanorod composite arrays on FTO substrate via two-step method of hydrothermal and d.c.	What is substrate?	50195
{ "text": [ "7.6 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.01.005	We chose ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), which have good ionic conductivity In the devices using poly(MFP-co-3HT), poly(MFP-co-3DT) and poly(MFP-co-3TA) with iodine, the Jsc values are 4.4, 4.4 and 7.6 mA/cm2, the Voc values are 0.615, 0.583 and 0.621 V and the FF values are 0.532, 0.541 and 0.586, leading to calculated η values of 1.45, 1.38 and 2.75%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	34815
{ "text": [ "3%" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }	10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.008	These complexes could be prepared both in solution by the HETPHEN technique, resulting into the actual 4.66% record efficiency (for complex 15, corresponding to a remarkable ηrel = 63%), and through a two- (or three) step solid state procedure reaching an overall conversion efficiency up to 3.16% (for complex 58, ηrel = 41%).This snapshot of the state-of-the-art confirmed the potentiality of copper-derivatives as effective photosensitizers, opening the way to cheaper and more sustainable dyes than analogue Ru-based complexes.	What is the value of η?	26644
{ "text": [ "0.766 V" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }	10.1039/C2CP23876D	Among the fabricated DSSCs, the overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of N719 reaches the maximum value of 6.33% (Jsc = 16.83 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.745 V, and FF = 50.05%), and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of TTC102 reaches the maximum value of 0.766 V, which is close to the value of TC105.	What is the value of Voc?	62369
{ "text": [ "0.68V" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107984	It was found that the highest PCE of 6.98% was achieved by the TH-2F-based cell with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.68V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.07mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 63%.	What is the value of Voc?	24276
{ "text": [ "4.84%" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.09.019	Under the same conditions, MX11 gave JSC of 10.6 mA cm−2, VOC of 681 mV, and ff of 0.67, corresponding η of 4.84%.As shown in above, the substituent effect of alkoxy groups on photovoltaic performance of DSSCs are obvious.	What is the value of η?	40984
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.100	The optimal addition of mixed glass powders to TiO2 increased the DSSC efficiency by 47% in comparison to DSSCs based exclusively on TiO2.	What is ?	29687
{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }	10.1039/C6TA05053K	Then the CH3NH3I solution (35 mg mL−1 in IPA) was dropped onto the PbI2 film and allowed to stand for different times from 0 s to 180 s and then spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 40 s.	What is the value of time?	13942
{ "text": [ "12.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }	10.1039/C5TA08772D	For the dark-blue mirror-like perovskite film-based device, a FF of 0.571 and PCE of 12.5% can be observed using the forward mode, while the forward scan yields a FF of 0.542 and PCE of 11.0% for the dark-brown perovskite solar cell.	What is the value of PCE?	14792
{ "text": [ "0.913V" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.010	For F4-TCNQ with a ratio of 1.0mol%, the device shows a Jsc of 17.82mAcm-2, a Voc of 0.913V and a FF of 0.69, generating an overall PCE of 11.30%.	What is the value of Voc?	1082
{ "text": [ "14.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2016.04.024	This suggests that the optimized PCE by using CB assistant annealing method are reliable.An anomalous hysteresis in J-V curves has been observed in many perovskite solar cells b, the CB vapor assistant annealed device exhibits a PEC of 14.79% from the forward bias to short circuit (FB to SC) and a PCE of 14.26% under an opposite scan direction (SC to FB).	What is the value of PCE?	6566
{ "text": [ "12.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }	10.1039/C5NR06715D	We have studied the effect of pore sizes and film thicknesses of the TiO2 NB arrays on the performance of C-PSCs, and the C-PSC based on the TiO2 NB-220-P array has achieved the highest PCE up to 12.02% with good stability.	What is the value of PCE?	18813
{ "text": [ "0.715 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1039/C2EE22506A	As shown in Table 2, a solar cell containing the twisted D-1 dye yielded a JSC value of 10.36 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.715 V, and FF of 0.722, corresponding to a high overall conversion efficiency of 5.35% in the absence of DCA.	What is the value of VOC?	74513
{ "text": [ "MAPbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }	10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.09.100	Many studies have demonstrated that the MAPbI3 perovskite material is easily decomposed into MAI and PbI2 in the humid environment due to the hygroscopic amine component in the compound For both of the samples in air and vacuum, the Voc shows a jump during the first 5 days.	What is perovskite?	3115
{ "text": [ "0.71 V" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }	10.1039/C6RA10881D	The device based on MC-1 sensitizer showed a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.49 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.75, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 6.18%.	What is the value of Voc?	73448
{ "text": [ "64.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }	10.1039/C8TC02754D	In contrast, the devices made from pristine precursor solution showed a PCE of 10.53% with a Voc of 0.92 V, a Jsc of 17.71 mA cm−2 and a FF of 64.59%.	What is the value of FF?	18540
{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }	10.1039/C8RA05167D	Additionally, NiSe2/RGO NPs achieved a PCE of 7.76%, higher than that of pure NiSe2 (6.51%) and even exceeding that of Pt (7.56%).	What is the value of PCE?	77009
{ "text": [ "0.626 V" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }	10.1016/j.mssp.2013.11.003	In the characteristics study wherein DSSCs based on Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles were synthesized at 200 °C for reaction times of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h the maximum conversion efficiency was marked at 3.346% with Jsc=7.859 mA cm−2, Voc=0.626 V and FF=0.679.	What is the value of Voc?	52766
{ "text": [ "18.35%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.005	The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Ru-doped compact TiO2 film based PSCs was improved from 14.83% to 18.35%.Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been employed in a wide range of applications, specifically in photovoltaic applications, perovskite materials are direct band-gap semi-conductors with a serious of unique properties, such as fascinating optical absorption from the visible to the near infrared (NIR) region, long electron-hole diffusion lengths, long carrier life and high dielectric constant ().	What is the value of PCE?	2157
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }	10.1039/C3TA12349A	The approach to improve the efficiency by increasing the content of graphite however is not desirable because of the poor adhesion between graphite and the FTO substrate.	What is substrate?	77185
{ "text": [ "6.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1039/C8RA05167D	Remarkably, the DSSC based on NiSe2/RGO NPs CE reached a higher PCE (7.76%) compared to that of NiSe2 NPs CE (6.51%), which is even higher than that of Pt (PCE = 7.56%).	What is the value of PCE?	77012
{ "text": [ "0.757 V" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.021	DSSCs without a subwavelength-structured ARC (reference cell) exhibited a PCE of 8.45% with the following photovoltaic parameters: JSC= 15.26 A/cm2, VOC= 0.757 V, and FF= 0.731.	What is the value of VOC?	32482
{ "text": [ "8.49%" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.03.054	As a result, improved PCEs of 9.32%, 8.49% and 7.34% are achieved for XW33-XW35, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	25799
{ "text": [ "19.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1039/C9DT00930B	The 2 mg ml−1 MAI device achieves the highest PCE of 19.08%, with Jsc = 23.12 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.08 V and FF = 76.03% in forward scanning.	What is the value of PCE?	18710
{ "text": [ "3.71Ωcm2" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.081	From the EIS data, the Pt CE shows the higher Rct of 3.71Ωcm2 comparing to the MoS2 CE (2.86Ωcm2) and MoS2 coupled rGO (34.02Ωcm2).	What is the value of Rct?	29295
{ "text": [ "10.29%" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.010	For pure carbon electrodes, the PCE of PSCs was 10.29% under AM 1.5 G conditions.	What is the value of PCE?	3262
{ "text": [ "14.2" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2012.06.025	The DSC based on a TiO2 nanocrystalline film (thickness 14.2 μm) and a composite ionic gel electrolyte of EMIDCA/PMII bi-IL (33 vol.% of EMIDCA) incorporating SiO2 (2 wt.%) exhibited an efficiency 5.28% of power conversion under illumination (simulated AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm− 2).	What is TiO2?	46896
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }	10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.037	Moreover, using the inverted PSC using the ITO-coated glass substrate, the hysteresis of the I-V curve became more prominent than that of FTO.	What is substrate?	4819
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.091	Current-Voltage (J-V) characteristics were measured by the Keithley 4200 semiconductor analyzer together with a sunlight simulator (Newport Solar Simulator 3A, AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2) calibrated with a standard silicon reference cell.	What is the value of Solar?	1309
{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }	10.1039/C9SE00003H	The PSCs were masked with a definite aperture to define an active area of 0.25 cm2.	What is the value of active area?	17644
{ "text": [ "88.21Ωcm2" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.086	The Rct values of FeTa2O6/SC, CoTa2O6/SC, and CuTa10O26/SC were 6.21Ωcm2, 7.08Ωcm2, and 7.94Ωcm2, respectively, higher than the Rct values of FeTa2O6 (47.08Ωcm2), CoTa2O6 (88.21Ωcm2), and CuTa10O26 (98.16Ωcm2).	What is the value of Rct?	43704
{ "text": [ "0.54 V" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }	10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.023	The sample with 1 h growth time exhibits the lowest performance with the Jsc=0.98 mA cm−2, Voc=0.54 V and η=0.270%.	What is the value of Voc?	43126
{ "text": [ "5.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }	10.1039/C1CC14973C	H-Nb2O5 and M-Nb2O5 exhibit moderate photoelectric properties, and the values of η for the DSCs using CEs with these two compounds are 5.68% and 5.82%, respectively.	What is the value of η?	68784
{ "text": [ "71.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }	10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.031	The PSCs prepared using CB for spiro-OMeTAD processing exhibited an average PCE of 14.5%, with a Voc of 1.03 V, a Jsc of 19.6 mA cm−2, and a FF of 71.9%, similar to the results obtained in previous studies of this structure (b) shows the IPCE results corresponding to the PSCs based on spiro-OMeTAD processed from CB and DCB.	What is the value of FF?	6210
{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }	10.1039/C6TA05053K	On the other hand, the devices with 0 s, 120 s and 180 s MAI loading times have poorer stability.	What is the value of time?	13939
{ "text": [ "17.5 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2013.10.033	While the nominal deposition thickness determines the dimension, geometry and interparticle distance of the synthesized nanoislands, a maximum photocurrent density Jsc of 17.5 mA/cm2 is observed with 9 nm of gold.	What is the value of Jsc?	25036
{ "text": [ "5.74%" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.12.007	SH-3 showed the highest Voc (818.5mV) due to the combined effects of the methoxyphenyl ring and the ethylthiol unit.The T2-1, SH-1, SH-2, and SH-3 dyes' η values were 5.78%, 6.02%, 5.70%, and 5.74%, respectively, under AM 1.5G conditions (100mWcm−2) ().	What is the value of η?	47702
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }	10.1039/C4CC04685D	Although perovskite formation by the single step chloridion method on the ALD-ZnO film at room temperature had a negative impact on the performance of the resulting perovskite solar cells, the compact ALD-ZnO layer is also an ideal substitution to the TiO2 film in perovskite solar cells using the no-chloridion precursor.This work was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program 863 (2011AA050511), Jiangsu “333” Project, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details; EDS maps of the CH3NH3PbI3 on different substrates annealed at 200 °C for 3 h.	What is perovskite?	22439
{ "text": [ "6.75 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 390 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.124	The VOC of a DSSC is determined by the difference between the Fermi level of the photoelectrode and the redox potential of the electrolyte Meanwhile, it has been reported that TiO2 coating on the SnO2 improved the cell performance by minimizing the problems of insufficient dye attachment and low VOC, the DSSC based on the TiCl4-treated WO3 nanorods exhibited the cell performance of JSC= 6.75 mA/cm2, VOC= 0.457 V, FF= 0.489, and η= 1.51%, all higher than the values of the DSSC based on WO3 nanorods.	What is the value of JSC?	37819
{ "text": [ "60.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }	10.1039/C4NR06033D	Compared to the perovskite device without the ZnO layer, a remarkable improvement in photovoltaic performance was observed, particularly in terms of FF and Voc which were increased from 60.5% and 0.86 V to 71.9% and 0.945 V, respectively, resulting in an enhanced PCE of 10.68% as compared to 9.19% of the device without the ZnO layer (Table 1).We attribute this performance enhancement to the following two reasons: firstly, as evidenced in the SEM images (Fig.	What is the value of FF?	20340
{ "text": [ "MAPbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.041	The PA as capping agent for MAPbI3 perovskite indicate great potential for the newly developed material not only in terms of efficiency solar cells, but also as ingredients for future optoelectronic.	What is perovskite?	10974
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.11.008	The downtrend of Voc is mostly associated with the positive shift of the conduction band (CB) edge of the TiO2 photoanode It has been reported that charge recombination can be decelerated by introducing the non-planar charge-separated structure Three new metal-free organic dyes (DH-1, DH-2 and DH-3) composed with different branched numbers of anchoring groups have been synthesized through a convenient ‘Click’ reaction.	What is photoanode?	47414
{ "text": [ "0.99%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.073	This η value corresponds to a 16% increment of TiO2 HS DSSCs and is much larger than that of TiO2 RA DSSCs (η= 0.99%).	What is the value of η?	23316
{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }	10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.02.008	► The optimization is by the formation of Al2O3 coating but of Al(OH)3 aggregates.The TiO2 films of 16 μm thickness were deposited on ITO/glass substrate by flat-flame chemical vapor deposition method (FF-CVD) process using a carrier flow rate of 200 sccm, followed by sintering.	What is substrate?	34170
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.025	After rigorous optimization high quality CH3NH3PbI3−xClx-PEDOT:PSS films were obtained through the addition of 1.5 v% PEDOT:PSS directly into the perovskite precursor solution.	What is perovskite?	3123
{ "text": [ "silver" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.11.005	From the energy alignment of every composition of PSCs shown in , the HOMO levels of ZnChls-1∼4 are sufficiently higher than that of MAPbI3, suggesting that ZnChls-1∼4 can provide suitable path for hole transport from perovskite to silver electrode.a exhibits the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of bare glass (Gl)/MAPbI3 and Gl/MAPbI3/ZnChls-1∼4.	What is electrode?	6018
{ "text": [ "Au" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }	10.1039/C7TA09543K	Spiro-OMeTAD was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp.PSCs were fabricated with a structure of ITO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3(Cl)/spiro-OMeTAD/Au.	What is ITO?	19813
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.134	After fabrication of DSSCs, an AM 1.5 sunlight illumination (Yamashita Denso, Model YSS-80) with 100 mW/cm2 light output was employed as the light source, and a current/voltage source meter (Keithley Model 2420) was employed to measure the efficiency obtained from a 0.283 cm2 illuminating area.The corrosion characteristics closely correspond to the quality of deposited barriers, which are strongly impacted by deposition techniques and conditions.	What is the value of illumination?	59328
{ "text": [ "2.67mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.283	% H3BO3 performs the highest JSC and η of 2.67mAcm−2 and 0.29%, respectively.	What is the value of JSC?	43562
{ "text": [ "18.26mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.078	After adding 1wt.% CuS, the PSCs yielded to the best power conversion efficiency of 11.28% with a VOC of 0.98V and JSC of 18.26mAcm−2, while the pure carbon electrode based PSCs attained the best power conversion efficiency of 9.36% with a VOC of 0.93V and JSC of 16.14mAcm−2 which is slightly higher than that of the PSCs based on pure carbon counter electrode.	What is the value of JSC?	9253
{ "text": [ "14.38%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }	10.1039/C6TA10588B	The PCE of the PEDOT:PSS/PEI-based PSCs (12.42%) was only 13.6% and 7.7% lower than those of the FTO/TiO2 and ITO/PEDOT:PSS-based devices, i.e., 14.38% and 13.45%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	15544
{ "text": [ "10.28%" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.073	In contrast, the device without CTAB only presented 10.21% PCE in the reverse scan curve and 10.28% in the forward scan curve.	What is the value of PCE?	7603
{ "text": [ "8.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.12.018	With BTD in the core structure, dye JY48 based−device finally exhibits the highest PCE of 8.44% (Voc: 717mV; Jsc: 18.43mAcm−2; electrolyte: I2/I3− couple).	What is the value of PCE?	31035
{ "text": [ "0.86 V" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.112	The device based on pure graphite LTCE showed poor photovoltaic characteristics with open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and PCE of 0.86 V, 8.25 mA cm−2, 0.43 and 3.10% respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	6254
{ "text": [ "850 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }	10.1039/C8TC03542C	The best solar cell built with this compound featured a VOC of 850 mV, JSC of 2.00 mA cm−2, FF of 0.38 and PCE of 0.63%.Snaith, Robertson and coworkers developed a series of rod-shaped HTMs based on two triphenylamine groups linked by a highly linear diacetylene core, namely H-DATPA, Me-DATPA, MeS-DATPA and MeO-DATPA (Fig.	What is the value of VOC?	70893
{ "text": [ "19.81%" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103865	For the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, the DCZ-OMeTAD based device reaches PCE of 19.81%, with a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 23.19mAcm−2, a Voc of 1.12V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.76, which is outcompeting the Spiro-OMeTAD based reference device with a PCE of 18.06% and corresponding cell parameters Jsc of 22.89mAcm−2, Voc of 1.11V, and FF of 0.70.	What is the value of PCE?	2774
{ "text": [ "2.17%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.041	When the SnO2 is used as an ETL layer, PSCs achieved an average PCE of 12.17% with a Voc of 1.11V, a Jsc of 17.46mAcm−2, and an FF of 63%, which suggests that SnO2 can act as an efficient ETL.	What is the value of PCE?	8048
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.109	The side-view SEM image (c) clearly shows the oriented HTNTs arrays (∼15μm in length) grown almost vertically on the FTO glass substrate.	What is substrate?	40421
{ "text": [ "70.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }	10.1039/C6TA01016D	A summary of the various interlayers and TCO pretreatment to avoid Ga2O3 formation and their subsequent effects on the PV properties is given in Table 7.It is apparent from the data that a MoO3−x interlayer was most effective in sustaining FF and Voc at 0.61 V and 70.1%, respectively, even in the case of the 0.3 μm thick CIGSe solar cells.	What is the value of FF?	60387
{ "text": [ "2.09%" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }	10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.10.024	When we replace the TPA (WY1) electron donor unit with C6-PTZ (WY2) and C6-CBZ (WY3) units, WY2 and WY3 sensitized solar cells give Jsc as 6.22 and 4.18 mA cm−2, Voc as 0.76 and 0.67 V, and ff as 0.69 and 0.75, the corresponding η as 3.30 and 2.09%.	What is the value of η?	39225
{ "text": [ "14.53%" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }	10.1039/C8TA09452G	The structure of the PSC device in this study was PET/ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/C60/Bis-C60/Ag and showed a 14.53% PCE without hysteresis.	What is the value of PCE?	16251
{ "text": [ "1.04V" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.07.014	The device without PLMF additive shows an optimal PCE of 16.45%, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 21.59mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.04V, and a fill factor (FF) of 73.56%.	What is the value of Voc?	2227
{ "text": [ "10.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }	10.1039/C4TA05309E	These results can be explained by the best quality of PCBM:PS films on the halide perovskite layer.In summary, a small percentage (1.5 wt%) of high molecular weight polystyrene is added into the PCBM electron transport layer of an inverted perovskite solar cell, which led to significant improvements of VOC (from 0.97 to 1.07 V) and thus PCE from 9.56% to 10.68%.	What is the value of PCE?	21473
{ "text": [ "8.01%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1039/C8TC00611C	The CoSe CE generates a higher FF of 0.70 and PCE of 8.01% than the NiSe CEs (FF = 0.68 and PCE = 7.95%) due to the higher electrocatalytic activity on the quasi-solid-state electrolyte.	What is the value of PCE?	64818
{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1039/C6RA05718G	The MAPI film-based mesostructured perovskite solar cells achieved a PCE of 14.3% and good reproducibility.Fluorine-doped SnO2-coated transparent conducting glass substrate (FTO) was washed by ultrasonic cleaning with detergent firstly, then with deionized water, acetone and ethanol, and finally purged with dry nitrogen air.	What is substrate?	14230
{ "text": [ "3%" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }	10.1039/C4EE01724B	The DSMs (six strips of 4.7 × 0.7 cm2 with total area ∼21 cm2) yielded η ∼ 5.3% (VOC ∼ 3.90 V, ISC ∼ 28.55 mA, & FF ∼ 0.61).	What is the value of η?	68496
{ "text": [ "115 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }	10.1039/C5CP05326A	9(a) and are summarized in Table 5.Most devices exhibited a VOC between 95 and 115 mV which is typical for p-type DSCs with I3−/I− electrolyte.	What is the value of VOC?	60502
{ "text": [ "2.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.034	As a result, a higher η value of 3.26% was achieved for the cell with 28 μm as the ZnO film thickness, with compared to 2.79% and 2.06% for the DSSCs with the ZnO film thickness of 23 and 32 μm on the photoanodes, respectively.	What is the value of η?	50532
{ "text": [ "4.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2019.04.035	The solar cells without HTL show relatively low performance, with short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.4mA/cm2, Voc of 0.53V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45, and the PCE is only 4.5%.	What is the value of PCE?	4594
{ "text": [ "14.55%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C6TA07712A	Among them, MA0.9Cs0.1Pb0.75Sn0.25I3 with a bandgap of 1.39 eV showed the highest PCE of 14.55%.	What is the value of PCE?	17607
{ "text": [ "85mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.01.014	The reasons for such blue shift in Dpa-th-CN is due to the planes are aligned perpendicular in diphenylamine which prevents the orbital overlapping and in turn reduces the ICT band shows the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated devices under illumination in simulated AM 1.5 irradiation (85mWcm−2).	What is the value of illumination?	55977
{ "text": [ "19.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }	10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.009	presented dopant-free HTL made with a C3h symmetrical Truxene core (Trux-OMeTAD) () with hexyl side chains to ensure solubility and wettability, showed PCE of 18.6% with minimal hysteresis ) via two step synthesis and an optimized devices employing X59 as HTL exhibited significant decrease in hysteresis, excellent reproducibility and reasonable stability under dark and dry conditions approaching efficiency of 19.8% ) showed the comparable PCE of 18.2% to that of spiro-OMeTAD.	What is the value of PCE?	4248
{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1039/C6TA09493G	The average PCE of the mp structure was 13.2% (Jsc = 22.43 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.98 V, and FF = 0.61) while the maximum PCE was 14.7% (Jsc = 22.56 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.02 V, and FF = 0.64).	What is the value of Voc?	22980
{ "text": [ "10.90mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.12.009	DH-1 showed IPCE of 45% at 540nm, short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.69mAcm−2, open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.64V, fill factor of 0.63, producing an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 4.68%, where DH-2 showed IPCE of 45% at 540nm, Jsc of 10.90mAcm−2, Voc of 0.59V and FF of 0.59, which translated into η of 3.82%.	What is the value of Jsc?	56308
{ "text": [ "3.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }	10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.004	The DSSCs containing the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte presented PCE values of 1.6% and 3.2% under 100 mW cm−2 and 10 mW cm−2, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	31196
{ "text": [ "15.76mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.109	On the other hand, the dye loading of the HTNTs photoanode is one-fold greater than that of HTS photoanode, but the corresponding Jsc value is 15.76mAcm−2, which is only 35% higher in comparison with that of HTS photoanode.	What is the value of Jsc?	40426
{ "text": [ "10 mm2" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }	10.1039/C7CP02523H	All of the three devices have an active area of 10 mm2.Perovskite samples were prepared on glass substrates to attain optical characterization of steady-state and time-resolved PL.	What is the value of active area?	13163
{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }	10.1039/C5EE02194D	Although several papers have reported PrSCs that use flexible transparent conducting electrodes (e.g., aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO)/Ag/AZO and PEDOT:PSS) instead of FTO or ITO, PCEs of the flexible devices were lower than rigid devices due to inferior electrical and optical properties of flexible electrodes.	What is ITO?	19951
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.09.034	This discrepancy is attributed to an open structure of the present polymer–gel system; as the main components of the gel are DMPII and MPN, liquid channels formed in the polymeric phase, in which iodide and triiodide ions diffused, similar to observations of the diffusion of electroactive species in other polymer-gel systems To interpret the role of electron transport/transfer processes in DSCs, we measured electrical impedance spectra (EIS) of DSCs in the open-circuit under illumination (100 mW/cm2) to scrutinize the impacts of the additive gelators in a low-volatility MPN-based liquid electrolyte.	What is the value of illumination?	30196
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092	The IPCE spectra of <FTO/bl-TiO2/m-TiO2/Cs0.1MA0.90PbI3/CuSCN/Au> and <FTO/bl-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuSCN/Au > is presented in e.	What is FTO?	5923
{ "text": [ "7.19%" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }	10.1039/C2TA00680D	HfO2–C and Hf7O8N4–HfO2–C as composite CEs demonstrated impressive catalytic activity for I3−reduction, with the corresponding DSCs giving PCEs of 6.71% and 7.85%, respectively, matching the PCE of DSCs with Pt CE (7.19%).	What is the value of PCE?	62730

{ "text": [ "5.43%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.035

The DSSC assembled with CM2 CE achieves a PCE of 6.94%, which is higher than those of the other devices (4.70% for CM1, 5.43% for CM3-1, and 4.45% for CM3-2, respectively).

What is the value of PCE?

43299

{ "text": [ "4.0 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.004

1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) was synthesized as reported previously The colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide as described elsewhere The photovoltaic performances of DSCs with the active area of 4.0 cm2 were measured under an illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2), which was realized on a solar simulator (Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science) with a Keithley 2420 source meter.The flatband potential (Vfb) of the nanostructured TiO2 electrodes was performed by measuring absorbance at 780 nm as a function of the applied potential.

What is the value of active area?

40131

{ "text": [ "16.85%" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }

10.1039/C8NR06095A

Therefore, the use of a MoOx interlayer does not significantly influence the VOC of perovskite solar cells (see Table 1).A 15 nm thick MoOx interlayer is sufficient to avoid the formation of the Ag/HTL interface, which results in a highly averaged PCE of 16.85%.

What is the value of PCE?

19892

{ "text": [ "8.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.040

A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.58% for the Co0.85Se CE-based solar cell was obtained, which is comparable to that of cells using Pt CEs (8.57%); 7.09% PCE was obtained for the Ni0.85Se-based CE.

What is the value of PCE?

57376

{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }

10.1039/C5MH00026B

By evaluating the change in current densities measured in the dark (Jo) and under 1 sun AM 1.5 solar irradiation (Jph) in ITO/ZnO/fullerene/Ca/Al devices, we find that the trend for Jph/Jo enhancement correlates with the increased ratio in dipole moment E(D)/E(G) (Fig.

What is ITO?

19359

{ "text": [ "3.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }

10.1039/C5RA04862A

The best performance was observed for the IDB-ZnP device reaching a power conversion efficiency of η = 3.62% under AM 1.5 irradiation conditions with a corresponding %IPCE maximizing at 48% for both Soret band (450 nm) and Q band (570 nm) photoexcitation.Due to their low cost and high power conversion efficiencies, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices based on silicon.

What is the value of η?

75624

{ "text": [ "1.39V" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2018.12.007

The IL/C60-based solar cells exhibit the champion PCE of 5.88% with a Jsc of 6.14mA/cm2, a Voc of 1.39V, and a FF of 69.94%.Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite with an ABX3 structure (where A is an organic cation, B is Pb, and X is I,Br,Cl) have been paid much attention in recent years due to their large absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility and simple manufacturing In this study, a room temperature solution processed IL (BenMeIM-Cl) layer is used as the additional interface layer between C60 and FTO to form a IL/C60 double ETL in planar n-i-p structure Br-PSCs.

What is the value of Voc?

533

{ "text": [ "16.03 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 146 ] }

10.1039/C7DT00267J

The electrochemical charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the NP-400 CE was 3.13 Ω which is also lower than that of the NP-100 CE (4.02 Ω), NP-200 (16.03 Ω), and NP-300 (16.39 Ω), and is close to that of the Pt CE (3.08 Ω).

What is the value of Rct?

71318

{ "text": [ "SnO2" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }

10.1039/C2CP41855J

A prototypical configuration consisted of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) anode, TiO2 compact-layer, dye-coated mesoporous TiO2 layer, hole-transporting layer and metal counter electrode.

What is anode?

70182

{ "text": [ "7.63%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }

10.1039/C0DT01799J

The cells based on the longest TiO2-B NB/TiO2 NP sandwich-type structure photoelectrodes (CLs) achieved the highest η of 7.94%, which was higher than that of the middle-length CMs (7.63%) and the short CSs (7.47%).

What is the value of η?

75672

{ "text": [ "11.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C6TA10305G

demonstrated the impact of anti-solvent treatment on HTL-free PSCs and achieved a PCE of 11.2%.

What is the value of PCE?

20191

{ "text": [ "618 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.07.030

The cells produced a continuous photocurrent (Isc) of 0.21 mA, which corresponds to a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 0.84 mA cm−2 and a photovoltage (Voc) of 618 mV.where Vopt and Iopt are, respectively, voltage and current for maximum power output, was calculated to be 0.46.

What is the value of Voc?

43586

{ "text": [ "14.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.coelec.2018.10.006

With increase C60 thickness to 5.5nm, the device has best performance with Voc=1.06V, Jsc=18.30mA/cm2, FF=0.77, and PCE=14.9%.

What is the value of PCE?

1418

{ "text": [ "0.4cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.082

The active area of the final cells was found to be 0.4cm2.Electrodeposition of MoS2 was initially optimized with the supporting electrolyte (KCl) and the obtained CV sweep is depicted in (a) that the current rate increases while adding the supporting electrolyte which indicates the reduction of thiomolybdate enhances.

What is the value of active area?

30834

{ "text": [ "0.044mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }

10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.008

For short-circuit photocurrent density, the value of these dyes are Jsc(purple cabbage)>Jsc(purple grape skin)>Jsc(mulberry)>Jsc(carrot)>Jsc(potato) and arrived 0.621, 0.223, 0.181, 0.100, 0.044mA/cm2 respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

57746

{ "text": [ "7.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }

10.1039/C5TA08262E

However, interestingly, when the MAI loading time is further increased to 120 s, the PCE drops unexpectedly to only 7.05% due to the significant reduction in Jsc (15.65 mA cm−2) and FF (49.79%), where the Voc is still comparable to the best devices prepared with 60 s loading time.

What is the value of PCE?

23136

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }

10.1039/C2CP42790G

The dye-loaded TiO2 film as the working electrode and the CE were separated by a hot-melt Surlyn film (30 μm thick) and sealed together by hot-pressing.

What is ?

70045

{ "text": [ "7.43%" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }

10.1039/C3EE41888J

The PCE was prompted to 7.43% (ref.

What is the value of PCE?

71491

{ "text": [ "1.034 V" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }

10.1039/C6TA05254A

Under the same fabrication conditions, the cell based on Spiro-OMeTAD achieved a PCE of 16.3% with a Jsc of 21.41 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.034 V, and an FF of 0.71.

What is the value of Voc?

22336

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }

10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.10.013

the relatively large surface area for effective dyeadsorption and hence improved light harvesting capability.In conclusion, we have reported the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles/nanorod composite arrays on FTO substrate via two-step method of hydrothermal and d.c.

What is substrate?

50195

{ "text": [ "7.6 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.01.005

We chose ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), which have good ionic conductivity In the devices using poly(MFP-co-3HT), poly(MFP-co-3DT) and poly(MFP-co-3TA) with iodine, the Jsc values are 4.4, 4.4 and 7.6 mA/cm2, the Voc values are 0.615, 0.583 and 0.621 V and the FF values are 0.532, 0.541 and 0.586, leading to calculated η values of 1.45, 1.38 and 2.75%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

34815

{ "text": [ "3%" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }

10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.008

These complexes could be prepared both in solution by the HETPHEN technique, resulting into the actual 4.66% record efficiency (for complex 15, corresponding to a remarkable ηrel = 63%), and through a two- (or three) step solid state procedure reaching an overall conversion efficiency up to 3.16% (for complex 58, ηrel = 41%).This snapshot of the state-of-the-art confirmed the potentiality of copper-derivatives as effective photosensitizers, opening the way to cheaper and more sustainable dyes than analogue Ru-based complexes.

What is the value of η?

26644

{ "text": [ "0.766 V" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }

10.1039/C2CP23876D

Among the fabricated DSSCs, the overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of N719 reaches the maximum value of 6.33% (Jsc = 16.83 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.745 V, and FF = 50.05%), and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of TTC102 reaches the maximum value of 0.766 V, which is close to the value of TC105.

What is the value of Voc?

62369

{ "text": [ "0.68V" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107984

It was found that the highest PCE of 6.98% was achieved by the TH-2F-based cell with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.68V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.07mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 63%.

What is the value of Voc?

24276

{ "text": [ "4.84%" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.09.019

Under the same conditions, MX11 gave JSC of 10.6 mA cm−2, VOC of 681 mV, and ff of 0.67, corresponding η of 4.84%.As shown in above, the substituent effect of alkoxy groups on photovoltaic performance of DSSCs are obvious.

What is the value of η?

40984

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.100

The optimal addition of mixed glass powders to TiO2 increased the DSSC efficiency by 47% in comparison to DSSCs based exclusively on TiO2.

What is ?

29687

{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }

10.1039/C6TA05053K

Then the CH3NH3I solution (35 mg mL−1 in IPA) was dropped onto the PbI2 film and allowed to stand for different times from 0 s to 180 s and then spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 40 s.

What is the value of time?

13942

{ "text": [ "12.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }

10.1039/C5TA08772D

For the dark-blue mirror-like perovskite film-based device, a FF of 0.571 and PCE of 12.5% can be observed using the forward mode, while the forward scan yields a FF of 0.542 and PCE of 11.0% for the dark-brown perovskite solar cell.

What is the value of PCE?

14792

{ "text": [ "0.913V" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.010

For F4-TCNQ with a ratio of 1.0mol%, the device shows a Jsc of 17.82mAcm-2, a Voc of 0.913V and a FF of 0.69, generating an overall PCE of 11.30%.

What is the value of Voc?

1082

{ "text": [ "14.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2016.04.024

This suggests that the optimized PCE by using CB assistant annealing method are reliable.An anomalous hysteresis in J-V curves has been observed in many perovskite solar cells b, the CB vapor assistant annealed device exhibits a PEC of 14.79% from the forward bias to short circuit (FB to SC) and a PCE of 14.26% under an opposite scan direction (SC to FB).

What is the value of PCE?

6566

{ "text": [ "12.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }

10.1039/C5NR06715D

We have studied the effect of pore sizes and film thicknesses of the TiO2 NB arrays on the performance of C-PSCs, and the C-PSC based on the TiO2 NB-220-P array has achieved the highest PCE up to 12.02% with good stability.

What is the value of PCE?

18813

{ "text": [ "0.715 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1039/C2EE22506A

As shown in Table 2, a solar cell containing the twisted D-1 dye yielded a JSC value of 10.36 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.715 V, and FF of 0.722, corresponding to a high overall conversion efficiency of 5.35% in the absence of DCA.

What is the value of VOC?

74513

{ "text": [ "MAPbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }

10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.09.100

Many studies have demonstrated that the MAPbI3 perovskite material is easily decomposed into MAI and PbI2 in the humid environment due to the hygroscopic amine component in the compound For both of the samples in air and vacuum, the Voc shows a jump during the first 5 days.

What is perovskite?

3115

{ "text": [ "0.71 V" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }

10.1039/C6RA10881D

The device based on MC-1 sensitizer showed a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.49 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.75, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 6.18%.

What is the value of Voc?

73448

{ "text": [ "64.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }

10.1039/C8TC02754D

In contrast, the devices made from pristine precursor solution showed a PCE of 10.53% with a Voc of 0.92 V, a Jsc of 17.71 mA cm−2 and a FF of 64.59%.

What is the value of FF?

18540

{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }

10.1039/C8RA05167D

Additionally, NiSe2/RGO NPs achieved a PCE of 7.76%, higher than that of pure NiSe2 (6.51%) and even exceeding that of Pt (7.56%).

What is the value of PCE?

77009

{ "text": [ "0.626 V" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }

10.1016/j.mssp.2013.11.003

In the characteristics study wherein DSSCs based on Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles were synthesized at 200 °C for reaction times of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h the maximum conversion efficiency was marked at 3.346% with Jsc=7.859 mA cm−2, Voc=0.626 V and FF=0.679.

What is the value of Voc?

52766

{ "text": [ "18.35%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.005

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Ru-doped compact TiO2 film based PSCs was improved from 14.83% to 18.35%.Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been employed in a wide range of applications, specifically in photovoltaic applications, perovskite materials are direct band-gap semi-conductors with a serious of unique properties, such as fascinating optical absorption from the visible to the near infrared (NIR) region, long electron-hole diffusion lengths, long carrier life and high dielectric constant ().

What is the value of PCE?

2157

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }

10.1039/C3TA12349A

The approach to improve the efficiency by increasing the content of graphite however is not desirable because of the poor adhesion between graphite and the FTO substrate.

What is substrate?

77185

{ "text": [ "6.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1039/C8RA05167D

Remarkably, the DSSC based on NiSe2/RGO NPs CE reached a higher PCE (7.76%) compared to that of NiSe2 NPs CE (6.51%), which is even higher than that of Pt (PCE = 7.56%).

What is the value of PCE?

77012

{ "text": [ "0.757 V" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.021

DSSCs without a subwavelength-structured ARC (reference cell) exhibited a PCE of 8.45% with the following photovoltaic parameters: JSC= 15.26 A/cm2, VOC= 0.757 V, and FF= 0.731.

What is the value of VOC?

32482

{ "text": [ "8.49%" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.03.054

As a result, improved PCEs of 9.32%, 8.49% and 7.34% are achieved for XW33-XW35, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

25799

{ "text": [ "19.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1039/C9DT00930B

The 2 mg ml−1 MAI device achieves the highest PCE of 19.08%, with Jsc = 23.12 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.08 V and FF = 76.03% in forward scanning.

What is the value of PCE?

18710

{ "text": [ "3.71Ωcm2" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.081

From the EIS data, the Pt CE shows the higher Rct of 3.71Ωcm2 comparing to the MoS2 CE (2.86Ωcm2) and MoS2 coupled rGO (34.02Ωcm2).

What is the value of Rct?

29295

{ "text": [ "10.29%" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.010

For pure carbon electrodes, the PCE of PSCs was 10.29% under AM 1.5 G conditions.

What is the value of PCE?

3262

{ "text": [ "14.2" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2012.06.025

The DSC based on a TiO2 nanocrystalline film (thickness 14.2 μm) and a composite ionic gel electrolyte of EMIDCA/PMII bi-IL (33 vol.% of EMIDCA) incorporating SiO2 (2 wt.%) exhibited an efficiency 5.28% of power conversion under illumination (simulated AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm− 2).

What is TiO2?

46896

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }

10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.037

Moreover, using the inverted PSC using the ITO-coated glass substrate, the hysteresis of the I-V curve became more prominent than that of FTO.

What is substrate?

4819

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.091

Current-Voltage (J-V) characteristics were measured by the Keithley 4200 semiconductor analyzer together with a sunlight simulator (Newport Solar Simulator 3A, AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2) calibrated with a standard silicon reference cell.

What is the value of Solar?

1309

{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }

10.1039/C9SE00003H

The PSCs were masked with a definite aperture to define an active area of 0.25 cm2.

What is the value of active area?

17644

{ "text": [ "88.21Ωcm2" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.086

The Rct values of FeTa2O6/SC, CoTa2O6/SC, and CuTa10O26/SC were 6.21Ωcm2, 7.08Ωcm2, and 7.94Ωcm2, respectively, higher than the Rct values of FeTa2O6 (47.08Ωcm2), CoTa2O6 (88.21Ωcm2), and CuTa10O26 (98.16Ωcm2).

What is the value of Rct?

43704

{ "text": [ "0.54 V" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }

10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.023

The sample with 1 h growth time exhibits the lowest performance with the Jsc=0.98 mA cm−2, Voc=0.54 V and η=0.270%.

What is the value of Voc?

43126

{ "text": [ "5.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }

10.1039/C1CC14973C

H-Nb2O5 and M-Nb2O5 exhibit moderate photoelectric properties, and the values of η for the DSCs using CEs with these two compounds are 5.68% and 5.82%, respectively.

What is the value of η?

68784

{ "text": [ "71.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }

10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.031

The PSCs prepared using CB for spiro-OMeTAD processing exhibited an average PCE of 14.5%, with a Voc of 1.03 V, a Jsc of 19.6 mA cm−2, and a FF of 71.9%, similar to the results obtained in previous studies of this structure (b) shows the IPCE results corresponding to the PSCs based on spiro-OMeTAD processed from CB and DCB.

What is the value of FF?

6210

{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }

10.1039/C6TA05053K

On the other hand, the devices with 0 s, 120 s and 180 s MAI loading times have poorer stability.

What is the value of time?

13939

{ "text": [ "17.5 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2013.10.033

While the nominal deposition thickness determines the dimension, geometry and interparticle distance of the synthesized nanoislands, a maximum photocurrent density Jsc of 17.5 mA/cm2 is observed with 9 nm of gold.

What is the value of Jsc?

25036

{ "text": [ "5.74%" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.12.007

SH-3 showed the highest Voc (818.5mV) due to the combined effects of the methoxyphenyl ring and the ethylthiol unit.The T2-1, SH-1, SH-2, and SH-3 dyes' η values were 5.78%, 6.02%, 5.70%, and 5.74%, respectively, under AM 1.5G conditions (100mWcm−2) ().

What is the value of η?

47702

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }

10.1039/C4CC04685D

Although perovskite formation by the single step chloridion method on the ALD-ZnO film at room temperature had a negative impact on the performance of the resulting perovskite solar cells, the compact ALD-ZnO layer is also an ideal substitution to the TiO2 film in perovskite solar cells using the no-chloridion precursor.This work was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program 863 (2011AA050511), Jiangsu “333” Project, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details; EDS maps of the CH3NH3PbI3 on different substrates annealed at 200 °C for 3 h.

What is perovskite?

22439

{ "text": [ "6.75 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 390 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.124

The VOC of a DSSC is determined by the difference between the Fermi level of the photoelectrode and the redox potential of the electrolyte Meanwhile, it has been reported that TiO2 coating on the SnO2 improved the cell performance by minimizing the problems of insufficient dye attachment and low VOC, the DSSC based on the TiCl4-treated WO3 nanorods exhibited the cell performance of JSC= 6.75 mA/cm2, VOC= 0.457 V, FF= 0.489, and η= 1.51%, all higher than the values of the DSSC based on WO3 nanorods.

What is the value of JSC?

37819

{ "text": [ "60.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }

10.1039/C4NR06033D

Compared to the perovskite device without the ZnO layer, a remarkable improvement in photovoltaic performance was observed, particularly in terms of FF and Voc which were increased from 60.5% and 0.86 V to 71.9% and 0.945 V, respectively, resulting in an enhanced PCE of 10.68% as compared to 9.19% of the device without the ZnO layer (Table 1).We attribute this performance enhancement to the following two reasons: firstly, as evidenced in the SEM images (Fig.

What is the value of FF?

20340

{ "text": [ "MAPbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.041

The PA as capping agent for MAPbI3 perovskite indicate great potential for the newly developed material not only in terms of efficiency solar cells, but also as ingredients for future optoelectronic.

What is perovskite?

10974

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.11.008

The downtrend of Voc is mostly associated with the positive shift of the conduction band (CB) edge of the TiO2 photoanode It has been reported that charge recombination can be decelerated by introducing the non-planar charge-separated structure Three new metal-free organic dyes (DH-1, DH-2 and DH-3) composed with different branched numbers of anchoring groups have been synthesized through a convenient ‘Click’ reaction.

What is photoanode?

47414

{ "text": [ "0.99%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.073

This η value corresponds to a 16% increment of TiO2 HS DSSCs and is much larger than that of TiO2 RA DSSCs (η= 0.99%).

What is the value of η?

23316

{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.02.008

► The optimization is by the formation of Al2O3 coating but of Al(OH)3 aggregates.The TiO2 films of 16 μm thickness were deposited on ITO/glass substrate by flat-flame chemical vapor deposition method (FF-CVD) process using a carrier flow rate of 200 sccm, followed by sintering.

What is substrate?

34170

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.025

After rigorous optimization high quality CH3NH3PbI3−xClx-PEDOT:PSS films were obtained through the addition of 1.5 v% PEDOT:PSS directly into the perovskite precursor solution.

What is perovskite?

3123

{ "text": [ "silver" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.11.005

From the energy alignment of every composition of PSCs shown in , the HOMO levels of ZnChls-1∼4 are sufficiently higher than that of MAPbI3, suggesting that ZnChls-1∼4 can provide suitable path for hole transport from perovskite to silver electrode.a exhibits the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of bare glass (Gl)/MAPbI3 and Gl/MAPbI3/ZnChls-1∼4.

What is electrode?

6018

{ "text": [ "Au" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }

10.1039/C7TA09543K

Spiro-OMeTAD was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp.PSCs were fabricated with a structure of ITO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3(Cl)/spiro-OMeTAD/Au.

What is ITO?

19813

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.134

After fabrication of DSSCs, an AM 1.5 sunlight illumination (Yamashita Denso, Model YSS-80) with 100 mW/cm2 light output was employed as the light source, and a current/voltage source meter (Keithley Model 2420) was employed to measure the efficiency obtained from a 0.283 cm2 illuminating area.The corrosion characteristics closely correspond to the quality of deposited barriers, which are strongly impacted by deposition techniques and conditions.

What is the value of illumination?

59328

{ "text": [ "2.67mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.283

% H3BO3 performs the highest JSC and η of 2.67mAcm−2 and 0.29%, respectively.

What is the value of JSC?

43562

{ "text": [ "18.26mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.078

After adding 1wt.% CuS, the PSCs yielded to the best power conversion efficiency of 11.28% with a VOC of 0.98V and JSC of 18.26mAcm−2, while the pure carbon electrode based PSCs attained the best power conversion efficiency of 9.36% with a VOC of 0.93V and JSC of 16.14mAcm−2 which is slightly higher than that of the PSCs based on pure carbon counter electrode.

What is the value of JSC?

9253

{ "text": [ "14.38%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }

10.1039/C6TA10588B

The PCE of the PEDOT:PSS/PEI-based PSCs (12.42%) was only 13.6% and 7.7% lower than those of the FTO/TiO2 and ITO/PEDOT:PSS-based devices, i.e., 14.38% and 13.45%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

15544

{ "text": [ "10.28%" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.073

In contrast, the device without CTAB only presented 10.21% PCE in the reverse scan curve and 10.28% in the forward scan curve.

What is the value of PCE?

7603

{ "text": [ "8.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.12.018

With BTD in the core structure, dye JY48 based−device finally exhibits the highest PCE of 8.44% (Voc: 717mV; Jsc: 18.43mAcm−2; electrolyte: I2/I3− couple).

What is the value of PCE?

31035

{ "text": [ "0.86 V" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.112

The device based on pure graphite LTCE showed poor photovoltaic characteristics with open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and PCE of 0.86 V, 8.25 mA cm−2, 0.43 and 3.10% respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

6254

{ "text": [ "850 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }

10.1039/C8TC03542C

The best solar cell built with this compound featured a VOC of 850 mV, JSC of 2.00 mA cm−2, FF of 0.38 and PCE of 0.63%.Snaith, Robertson and coworkers developed a series of rod-shaped HTMs based on two triphenylamine groups linked by a highly linear diacetylene core, namely H-DATPA, Me-DATPA, MeS-DATPA and MeO-DATPA (Fig.

What is the value of VOC?

70893

{ "text": [ "19.81%" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103865

For the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, the DCZ-OMeTAD based device reaches PCE of 19.81%, with a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 23.19mAcm−2, a Voc of 1.12V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.76, which is outcompeting the Spiro-OMeTAD based reference device with a PCE of 18.06% and corresponding cell parameters Jsc of 22.89mAcm−2, Voc of 1.11V, and FF of 0.70.

What is the value of PCE?

2774

{ "text": [ "2.17%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.041

When the SnO2 is used as an ETL layer, PSCs achieved an average PCE of 12.17% with a Voc of 1.11V, a Jsc of 17.46mAcm−2, and an FF of 63%, which suggests that SnO2 can act as an efficient ETL.

What is the value of PCE?

8048

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.109

The side-view SEM image (c) clearly shows the oriented HTNTs arrays (∼15μm in length) grown almost vertically on the FTO glass substrate.

What is substrate?

40421

{ "text": [ "70.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }

10.1039/C6TA01016D

A summary of the various interlayers and TCO pretreatment to avoid Ga2O3 formation and their subsequent effects on the PV properties is given in Table 7.It is apparent from the data that a MoO3−x interlayer was most effective in sustaining FF and Voc at 0.61 V and 70.1%, respectively, even in the case of the 0.3 μm thick CIGSe solar cells.

What is the value of FF?

60387

{ "text": [ "2.09%" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }

10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.10.024

When we replace the TPA (WY1) electron donor unit with C6-PTZ (WY2) and C6-CBZ (WY3) units, WY2 and WY3 sensitized solar cells give Jsc as 6.22 and 4.18 mA cm−2, Voc as 0.76 and 0.67 V, and ff as 0.69 and 0.75, the corresponding η as 3.30 and 2.09%.

What is the value of η?

39225

{ "text": [ "14.53%" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }

10.1039/C8TA09452G

The structure of the PSC device in this study was PET/ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/C60/Bis-C60/Ag and showed a 14.53% PCE without hysteresis.

What is the value of PCE?

16251

{ "text": [ "1.04V" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.07.014

The device without PLMF additive shows an optimal PCE of 16.45%, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 21.59mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.04V, and a fill factor (FF) of 73.56%.

What is the value of Voc?

2227

{ "text": [ "10.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }

10.1039/C4TA05309E

These results can be explained by the best quality of PCBM:PS films on the halide perovskite layer.In summary, a small percentage (1.5 wt%) of high molecular weight polystyrene is added into the PCBM electron transport layer of an inverted perovskite solar cell, which led to significant improvements of VOC (from 0.97 to 1.07 V) and thus PCE from 9.56% to 10.68%.

What is the value of PCE?

21473

{ "text": [ "8.01%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1039/C8TC00611C

The CoSe CE generates a higher FF of 0.70 and PCE of 8.01% than the NiSe CEs (FF = 0.68 and PCE = 7.95%) due to the higher electrocatalytic activity on the quasi-solid-state electrolyte.

What is the value of PCE?

64818

{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1039/C6RA05718G

The MAPI film-based mesostructured perovskite solar cells achieved a PCE of 14.3% and good reproducibility.Fluorine-doped SnO2-coated transparent conducting glass substrate (FTO) was washed by ultrasonic cleaning with detergent firstly, then with deionized water, acetone and ethanol, and finally purged with dry nitrogen air.

What is substrate?

14230

{ "text": [ "3%" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }

10.1039/C4EE01724B

The DSMs (six strips of 4.7 × 0.7 cm2 with total area ∼21 cm2) yielded η ∼ 5.3% (VOC ∼ 3.90 V, ISC ∼ 28.55 mA, & FF ∼ 0.61).

What is the value of η?

68496

{ "text": [ "115 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }

10.1039/C5CP05326A

9(a) and are summarized in Table 5.Most devices exhibited a VOC between 95 and 115 mV which is typical for p-type DSCs with I3−/I− electrolyte.

What is the value of VOC?

60502

{ "text": [ "2.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.034

As a result, a higher η value of 3.26% was achieved for the cell with 28 μm as the ZnO film thickness, with compared to 2.79% and 2.06% for the DSSCs with the ZnO film thickness of 23 and 32 μm on the photoanodes, respectively.

What is the value of η?

50532

{ "text": [ "4.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2019.04.035

The solar cells without HTL show relatively low performance, with short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.4mA/cm2, Voc of 0.53V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45, and the PCE is only 4.5%.

What is the value of PCE?

4594

{ "text": [ "14.55%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C6TA07712A

Among them, MA0.9Cs0.1Pb0.75Sn0.25I3 with a bandgap of 1.39 eV showed the highest PCE of 14.55%.

What is the value of PCE?

17607

{ "text": [ "85mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.01.014

The reasons for such blue shift in Dpa-th-CN is due to the planes are aligned perpendicular in diphenylamine which prevents the orbital overlapping and in turn reduces the ICT band shows the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated devices under illumination in simulated AM 1.5 irradiation (85mWcm−2).

What is the value of illumination?

55977

{ "text": [ "19.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }

10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.009

presented dopant-free HTL made with a C3h symmetrical Truxene core (Trux-OMeTAD) () with hexyl side chains to ensure solubility and wettability, showed PCE of 18.6% with minimal hysteresis ) via two step synthesis and an optimized devices employing X59 as HTL exhibited significant decrease in hysteresis, excellent reproducibility and reasonable stability under dark and dry conditions approaching efficiency of 19.8% ) showed the comparable PCE of 18.2% to that of spiro-OMeTAD.

What is the value of PCE?

4248

{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1039/C6TA09493G

The average PCE of the mp structure was 13.2% (Jsc = 22.43 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.98 V, and FF = 0.61) while the maximum PCE was 14.7% (Jsc = 22.56 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.02 V, and FF = 0.64).

What is the value of Voc?

22980

{ "text": [ "10.90mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.12.009

DH-1 showed IPCE of 45% at 540nm, short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.69mAcm−2, open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.64V, fill factor of 0.63, producing an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 4.68%, where DH-2 showed IPCE of 45% at 540nm, Jsc of 10.90mAcm−2, Voc of 0.59V and FF of 0.59, which translated into η of 3.82%.

What is the value of Jsc?

56308

{ "text": [ "3.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }

10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.004

The DSSCs containing the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte presented PCE values of 1.6% and 3.2% under 100 mW cm−2 and 10 mW cm−2, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

31196

{ "text": [ "15.76mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.109

On the other hand, the dye loading of the HTNTs photoanode is one-fold greater than that of HTS photoanode, but the corresponding Jsc value is 15.76mAcm−2, which is only 35% higher in comparison with that of HTS photoanode.

What is the value of Jsc?

40426

{ "text": [ "10 mm2" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }

10.1039/C7CP02523H

All of the three devices have an active area of 10 mm2.Perovskite samples were prepared on glass substrates to attain optical characterization of steady-state and time-resolved PL.

What is the value of active area?

13163

{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }

10.1039/C5EE02194D

Although several papers have reported PrSCs that use flexible transparent conducting electrodes (e.g., aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO)/Ag/AZO and PEDOT:PSS) instead of FTO or ITO, PCEs of the flexible devices were lower than rigid devices due to inferior electrical and optical properties of flexible electrodes.

What is ITO?

19951

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.09.034

This discrepancy is attributed to an open structure of the present polymer–gel system; as the main components of the gel are DMPII and MPN, liquid channels formed in the polymeric phase, in which iodide and triiodide ions diffused, similar to observations of the diffusion of electroactive species in other polymer-gel systems To interpret the role of electron transport/transfer processes in DSCs, we measured electrical impedance spectra (EIS) of DSCs in the open-circuit under illumination (100 mW/cm2) to scrutinize the impacts of the additive gelators in a low-volatility MPN-based liquid electrolyte.

What is the value of illumination?

30196

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092

The IPCE spectra of <FTO/bl-TiO2/m-TiO2/Cs0.1MA0.90PbI3/CuSCN/Au> and <FTO/bl-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuSCN/Au > is presented in e.

What is FTO?

5923

{ "text": [ "7.19%" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }

10.1039/C2TA00680D

HfO2–C and Hf7O8N4–HfO2–C as composite CEs demonstrated impressive catalytic activity for I3−reduction, with the corresponding DSCs giving PCEs of 6.71% and 7.85%, respectively, matching the PCE of DSCs with Pt CE (7.19%).

What is the value of PCE?

62730